North Island: Common in hilly forests from the North Cape to Hawke's Bay and Taranaki. South Island: Nelson and Westland, from Collingwood as far south as Charleston. Sea-level to 3000 ft. Neinei.-January–February.

South Island: Nelson and Westland—Not uncommon in subalpine localities from Collingwood and the Mount Arthur Plateau to the Haast River and Jackson's Bay. 2500–4500 ft. January–February.

By far the finest species of the genus. Although very different in appearance from D. latifolium it is difficult to point out any character of importance to separate it from that plant apart from the increased size and stoutness, the more rigid leaves, denser panicles, and rather larger capsules. A state of D. latifolium, not uncommon on high peaks in the Auckland District, approaches it in foliage and in inflorescence, but not in habit.

South Island: Nelson—Vicinity of Westport, Townson!

This has the peculiar lateral drooping panicle of D. Menziesii, but is a much larger plant, with longer and proportionately narrower more grassy leaves. The corolla is markedly different, being not half the size, and deeply lobed nearly half-way down, with the lobes sharply reflexed. In D. Menziesii, in addition to the much larger corolla, the lobes are very small, not one-quarter the length of the tube.

South Island: Canterbury—Askburton Mountains, Potts', (flowers not seen). Ocago—Lake district, Buchanan! mountains above Lake Harris, Kirk! mountains to the west of Lakes Wakatipu and Te Anau, Petrie! Humboldt Mountains, Cockayne! Dusky Bay, Mcnzies, Reischek! Port Preservation, Lyall. Stewart Island: Mount Anglem, Kirk! Ascends to 4500 ft., descends almost to sea-level in Dusky Sound. December–February.

An exceedingly distinct species, with the largest flowers of the genus. Alpine specimens are sometimes only 1–2 ft. high, with few very stout naked branches bearing a globose head of squarrose leaves.

North and South Islands: From the Thames River to the south of Otago, not common. In the South Island mainly found on the western side of the island. Sea-level to 3000 ft. Totoroivhiti. November–March.

Very variable in the size of the leaves. On young plants or on vigorous shoots they are frequently 4–5 in. long and proportionately broad; but on old plants or in exposed situations they are often reduced to 1 ½ in. or less.

North Island: From the North Cape as far as the East Cape, but. often local, usually near the sea. Ascends to 2500 ft. Flowers most of the year.

Hooker's name is most appropriate; but unfortunately it is preoccupied by an Australian species (D. squarrosum, R. Br. Prodr. 556). This was made the type of the genus Sphenotoma by Don, but was reunited with Dracophyllum by Bentham in the "Flora Australiensis."

North Island: Mount Hikurangi, East Cape district, Colenso! Tonga-riro and Ruapehu, Bidwill, Captain G. Mair, Kirk, and others; Ruahine Range, Colenso! H. Hill! Petrie! 2500–4500 ft.

Easily distinguished by the small size, recurved leaves, and short dense terminal spikes with foliaceous bracts. I have examined the type specimens of Mr. Colenso's new species preserved in his herbarium, but fail to see how they can be separated even as varieties.

North Island: East Cape district, Bishop Williams! Adams and Petrie! Ruahine Mountains, A. Hamilton! Tararua Mountains, J. Buchanan! South Island: Not uncommon in mountain districts throughout. Stewart Island: Abundant, Petrie! G. M. Thomson! Kirk! Auckland and Campbell Islands: Forming a considerable proportion of the ligneous vegetation, Hooker, Kirk! F. R. Chapman! Sea-level to 4000 ft. Inanga; Grass-tree. November–March.

A very variable plant. In its extreme state, which is best seen in the sounds of the south-west coast of Otago, in Stewart Island, and in the Auckland Islands, it forms a tree sometimes 30 ft. in height, with leaves often a foot in length; but in open mountain districts in the South Island it is rarely more than a few feet high, with much shorter and narrower leaves. This form is difficult to separate from some varieties of D. Urvilleanum; in fact, there does not appear to be any strict line of demarcation between the two species.

Var. a.—Branches long, slender; bark black. Leaves rather short,1–2½ in. long, concave above. Racemes 3–6-flowered, lateral, often crowded along the page 424branches for some distance below the tips. Flowers rather small, narrow.—D. Urvilleanum, A. Rich.; A. Cunn. Precur. n. 415; Raoul, Choix, 44; Hook. f. Fl. Antarct. i. 49; Fl. Nov. Zel. i. 169.

Var. filifolium.—Branches long, slender; bark black or chestnut-brown. Leaves long, ⅔ in., very narrow, often flexuose, canaliculate above.—D. filifolium, Hook. f. Fl. Nov. Zel. i. 169. D. setifolium, Stchegel. in Bull. Soc. Nat. Mosc. xxxii. (1859) i. 23. D. virgatum and D. heterophyllum, Col. in Trans. N.Z. Inst. xxviii. (1896) 605. (?)D. pungens, Col. l.c. 602.

Var. Lessonianum.—Branches stouter. Leaves 1 ½–3 in. long, strict, flat above, convex beneath. Racemes 6–12-flowered; flowers usually larger.—D. Lessonianum, A. Rich. Fl. Nouv. Zel. 223; A. Cunn. Precur. n. 416; Hook. f. Fl. Nov. Zel. i. 170. Some forms of this approach D. longifolium very closely.

Var. montanum.—Smaller and stouter, often densely branched. Leaves ¾–2 in. long, erect or spreading, broad at the base and gradually narrowed into the sheath, which is nor. auricled above. Flowers in stout terminal or lateral spike-like racemes ½–1 in. long; bracts broad, concave. This is allied to D. scoparium, and was included in it by Hooker, but the leaves are quite glabrous.

North and South Islands, Stewart Island: Var. a. abundant on dry hills from the North Cape to Nelson; var. filifolium, from the Bay of Islands to Wellington, ascending to 4500 ft. on Mount Egmont and the Ruahine Mountains, &c.; var. Lessonianum, from Rotorua southwards to Stewart Island, usually in mountain districts; var. montanum, Mount Hikurangi, Tongariro and Ruapehu, Ruahine Mountains, Tararua Mountains, and apparently not uncommon in the mountains of the South Island, from 2500 ft. to 4500 ft.

At first sight the extreme forms of this look very distinct, but they are connected by so many transitional stages that I think Sir J. D. Hooker was right in referring them to a single species.

Stewart Island: Mount Anglem and Smith's Lookout, Kirk! locality doubtful, Pearson!

This appears to differ from D. Urvilleanum in the more numerous densely imbricating closely appressed leaves, but further specimens may prove it to be a form of that plant.

Var. major.—Taller and stouter, often 20–30 ft. high when fully adult. Leaves of mature plants 1½–3 in., margins more copiously ciliate; of young plants or of the lower branches of old ones 6–9 in. long or more, ½–¾ in. wide, fiat, ciliate, gradually tapering into long acuminate points. Racemes 4–8-flowered; flowers rather larger. Bracts and calyx-lobes often silky on the back.—D. latifolium var. ciliolatum, Hook. f. Handb. N.Z. Fl. 736 (young-plant). D. arboreum, Cockayne in Trans. N.Z. Inst. xxxiv. (1902) 318.

Var. paludosum.- Smaller, 3–6 ft. high when adult, and often flowering when less than 6 in. Leaves 1–1½ in., not longer and wider in the young state. Racemes short, 2–4-flowered; flowers rather smaller.—D. rosmarinifolium, Buch. in Trans. N.Z: Inst. vii. (1875) 338 (not of Forst.). D. paludosum, Cockayne in Trans. N.Z. Inst. xxxiv. (1902) 318.

Campbell Island: Near the sea, not common, Hooker, Kirk! Chatham Islands: Var. major and paludosum not uncommon, the latter chiefly in swamps, Diefferibach, H. H. Travers! Enys! Cox and Cockayne!

Closely allied to D. Urvilleanum, to which it was reduced by Sir J. D. Hooker in the Handbook, but constantly differing in the conspicuously ciliate margins of the leaves, which are also silky-pubescent on the upper surface. The leaf-sheaths are also never auricled or truncate, as in D. Urvilleanum, but are simply rounded at the top, passing more gradually into the blade. My two varieties major and paludosum are both treated as distinct species by Mr. Cockayne. It is possible that he may be correct with respect to var. major, which differs not only in its much larger size, but also in the very distinct leaves of the juvenile stage. But the leaves and flowers of the mature stage are in both varieties so very similar to those of the original Campbell Island plant that I hesitate to separate either of them.

North Island: From Rotorua and the Upper Thames Valley to Taupo, Ruapehu, and the Ruahine Mountains. 350 to 3500 ft. Monoao. November–March.

Easily recognised by its small size and erect slender habit, short very narrow leaves, and small flowers.

South Island: Nelson—Mountains near Westport, Townson! 1500–2500 ft.

Habit of D. Kirkii, Berggren, but a larger and stouter and more copiously branched plant, with the leaves finely and equally pubescent on both surfaces, and with the flowers in 3–5-flowered spikes, not solitary. The leaves are very similar in shape to those of small specimens of D. strictum, and are quite different to those of D. Urvilleanum, D. scoparium, and their allies.

South Island: Nelson—Lake Tennyson, T. F. C. Canterbury—Mount Torlesse, Berggren; Arthur's Pass, Kirk! Cockayne! T. F. C.; Waimakariri Glacier, T. F. C.; Ashburton Mountains, Potts! Mount Cook district, T. F. C. Westland—Kelly's Hill, Petrie! 2500–4500 ft. December–February.

A very distinct species. The leaves are quite unlike those of any other species belonging to the same section of the genus, having the sheathing bases not much wider than the blade; but they much resemble those of D. strictum, in the section with panicled inflorescence. Its only near ally is D. pubescens, which differs in the pubescent leaves and 3–5-flowered spikes.

Var. acicularifolium.—Leaves much longer, 2–4 in., narrowed into long acicular points; sheaths broader, auricled at the tips.

Var. virgatram.—Whole plant purplish-brown. Branches long, very slender, sparingly leafy. Leaves small, ¼–¾ in. long. Bracts with pale membranous margins.

South Island: Abundant in mountain districts from Nelson to Foveaux Straits, Var. acicularifolium: Broken River basin, and other localities in the mountains of Canterbury, Kirk! Enys! T. F. C. Var. virgatum: Westland—Near Kumara, Kirk! Denniston. J. Caffin! 2000–4500 ft. December–March.

Var. politum.—Stems long and creeping or short and tufted, sometimes forming compact masses. Leaves numerous, densely imbricated in many series, erect and appressed to the branch, ¼–⅓ in. long, red-brown, convex and smooth and polished on the back, concave in front, tips very obtuse. Flowers almost hidden by the leaves.

North Island: Tararua Range, Buchanan! South Island, Stewart Island: Common in mountain districts throughout. Var. politum: Maungatua, near Dunedin, Petrie! Mount Anglem and Smith's Lookout (Stewart Island), Kirk! 2500–5500 ft. December–March.

South Island: Otago—Mountains above Lake Harris; Longwood Range, Kirk! Maungatua, Olinton Valley, and Blue Mountains, Petrie! 1000–4000 ft.

Differs from D. muscoides in the larger size and much more lax habit, and in the longer leaves, which are not so closely imbricated; but some of Mr. Petrie's specimens are almost intermediate.

South Island: Otago—Mount Alta and Hector's Col, Buchanan! Old Man Range, Hector Mountains, Mount Pisa, Mount St. Bathan's, Petrie! 4000–6000 ft.

In the Index Kewensis this is referred to the Tasmanian D. minimum; but, judging from a scrap of that species received from the late Baron Mueller, it differs in the more rigid habit and shorter and more closely imbricated leaves, which are also thicker and not nearly so acute.