Manual of the New Zealand Flora.

IV. Glossary

IV. Glossary.

  • Baccate. Berried; having the form or nature of a berry.
  • Barb. Hooked hairs.
  • Barbate. Bearded; provided with long weak hairs arranged in tufts.
  • Barbed, Furnished with barbs or hooked hairs.
  • Barbellate. Provided with short stiff hairs.
  • Bark. The outer covering or integument of the wood exterior to the cambium layer.
  • Basal. At the base of any organ or part.
  • Basifixed. Attached by the. base or lower end.
  • Basilar. Basal.
  • Beak. A prolonged tip.
  • Beaked. Ending in a beak; often applied to fruits which end in a long point.
  • Berry. A succulent or pulpy fruit containing many seeds.
  • Bi- or Bis-. A Latin prefix signifying two or twice—as bibracteate, having two bracts; bidentate, with two teeth.
  • Biennial. A plant which lives only two years.
  • Biearious. Arranged in two opposite rows or ranks; distichous.
  • Bifid. Two-cleft; divided halfway into two.
  • Bilabiate. Divided into lips, as is the case with many gamopetalous corollas.
  • Bilocular. Two-celled.
  • Binate. Applied to leaves composed of two leaflets at the end of a common petiole, or to a single leaf almost divided into two.
  • Bipartite. Divided nearly to the base into two parts.
  • Bipinnate. Twice pinnate; when both the primary and secondary divisions of a leaf are pinnate.
  • Biserrate. Doubly serrate, as when the serratures themselves are serrate.
  • Biternate. Twice ternate.
  • Blade. The expanded portion of a leaf.
  • Bract. A modified leaf subtending a flower or a cluster of flowers; modified leaves placed in the space between the calyx and the true leaves.
  • Bracteate. Furnished with bracts.
  • Bracteole. A secondary bract upon the pedicel of a flower; a small bract.
  • Bracteolate. Furnished with bracteoles.
  • Branch. A division of the stem or main axis.
  • Branchlet. A small branch; the ultimate division of a branch.
  • Bristle. A stiff hair.
  • Bristle-pointed. Ending in a stiff, bristle-like hair.
  • Bud. The early stage of a flower or branch.
  • Bulb. A rounded subterranean body formed of fleshy scales or coatings; in reality a modified bud which ultimately develops leaves and flowers.
  • Bulbous. Having bulbs, or possessing the structure of a bulb.
  • Bullate. Blistered or puckered, as the leaf of Myrtus bullata.

  • Ebracteate. Having no bracts.
  • Echinate. Beset with prickles, like the capsule of Entelea.
  • Ecostate. Having no ribs.
  • Edentate. Having no teeth.
  • Effuse. Loosely spreading.
  • Eglandular. Without glands.
  • Ellipsoidal. A solid with an elliptical outline.
  • Elliptical. Having the form of an ellipse—oblong with regularly rounded ends.
  • Elongated. Drawn out in length.
  • Emarginate. Having a notch at the end, as if a piece had been taken out.
  • Embryo. The rudimentary plant formed within the seed.
  • Endemic. Confined to a particular country or region.
  • Endocarp. The inner layer of the pericarp, lying next the seed.
  • Endosperm. The albumen or nutritive matter of a seed, usually surrounding the embryo.
  • Ensiform. Sword-shaped, like the leaf of an Iris.
  • Entire. Having an even margin, without toothing or division of any kind.
  • Ephemeral. Lasting for a day, or for a very short time.
  • Epicarp. The external layer of a pericarp.
  • Epicorolline. Inserted upon the corolla.
  • Epidermis. The outer cellular skin or covering of a plant.
  • Epidermal. On or relating to the outer covering.
  • Epigynous. At or upon the top of the ovary.
  • Epipetalous. Inserted upon the petals.
  • Epiphyte. A plant which grows upon other plants, but not as a parasite.
  • Equitant. Folded over as if astride, like the basal part of the leaves of Phormium.
  • Erect. Upright; perpendicular to the ground or point of attachment.
  • Erecto-Patent. Intermediate between erect and spreading.
  • Erose. Toothed in an irregular manner, as if gnawed.
  • Erostate. Having no beak.
  • Even. Without inequalities of surface.
  • Exalbuminous. Having no albumen; applied to those seeds where the embryo occupies the whole space within the testa.
  • Excurrent. When the vein of a leaf runs through to the apex and protrudes beyond it as a mucro.
  • Exotic. Foreign; not native.
  • Expanded. Spread out.
  • Exserted. Protruding beyond, as stamens beyond the corolla.
  • Exstipulate. Wanting stipules.
  • Extrorse. Directed outwards; often applied to the dehiscence of anthers.
  • Habit. The general appearance of a plant.
  • Habitat. (1.) The kind of locality in which a plant grows. (2.) The geographical distribution or range of a plant.
  • Hair. A slender outgrowth of the epidermis, either composed of a single elongated cell or of a row of cells.
  • Hairy. More or less covered with hairs.
  • Halophyte. A plant growing within the influence of salt water.
  • Hastate. Halbert-shaped; applied to an arrow-shaped leaf with the basal lobes pointing straight outwards.
  • Helicoid. Coiled into a circle like the whorls of a small shell.
  • Herb. A plant that has no persistent woody stem.
  • Herbaceous. Having the character of a herb; not woody or shrubby.
  • Hermaphrodite. Having stamens and pistils in the same flower.
  • Heterogamous. Bearing two kinds of flowers, as in the Compositœ, where the florets of the disc may be hermaphrodite and those of the ray unisexual or neuter.
  • Heterogeneous. Dissimilar; not uniform in kind.
  • Heteromorphous. Of two or more different forms.
  • Heterophyllous. Having leaves of different forms.
  • Heterosporous. Having spores of more than one kind.
  • Hilum. The scar or place of attachment of the seed.
  • Hirsute. Hairy with long tolerably distinct hairs.
  • Hispid. Beset with rough hairs or bristles.
  • Hispidulous. Minutely hispid.
  • Hoary. Greyish-white with a fine pubescence.
  • Homogamous. Having only one kind of flowers; applied to the flower-heads of Compositœ when the florets are all alike.
  • Homogeneous. Alike, uniform in kind; the opposite of "heterogeneous."
  • Hyaline. Translucent; colourless.
  • Hybrid. A cross between two species, obtained when the pollen of one species is placed upon the stigma of the other.
  • Hypocrateriform. Applied to a corolla which has a long and slender tube and flat spreading limb, like the Primrose.
  • Quadrangular. Having four angles or corners.
  • Quadrate. Square in form.
  • Quadrifarious. Arranged in four vertical rows or ranks, as the leaves of many species of Veronica.
  • Umbel. An inflorescence in which several pedicels of about the same length radiate from the top of a common peduncle. An umbel is said to be simple when each of its pedicels or rays ends in a single flower; compound when each ray bears a secondary umbel.
  • Umbellate. Having the inflorescence arranged in umbels.
  • Umbellule. A secondary umbel.
  • Umbilicate. Having a depression in the centre; navel-like.
  • Umbonate. Bearing a convex projection or boss.
  • Uncinate. Hooked at the extremity.
  • Undulate. Wavy; having a waved or sinuous margin.
  • Unguiculate. Applied to a petal which is narrowed at the base into a claw.
  • Unilateral. One-sided.
  • Unilocular. One-celled.
  • Uniseriate. Arranged in a single horizontal row or series.
  • Unisexual. Of one sex; applied to flowers having stamens only or pistils only.
  • Urceolate. Urn-shaped; contracted at the mouth like an urn or pitcher.
  • Utricle.
    (1.) A seed-vessel consisting of a thin loose pericarp enclosing a single seed, as in Chenopodium.
    (2.) A membranous sac enclosing the fruit proper in Carex and Uncinia.
    (3.) Any bladder-shaped appendage.
  • Whorl. Any arrangement of organs in a circle round an axis; a verticil.
  • Wing.
    (1.) Any membranous or thin expansion or appendage attached to an organ.
    (2.) A lateral petal of a papilionaceous flower.