Manual of the New Zealand Flora.

Suborder TubuliflorÆ

Suborder TubuliflorÆ.

Heads with, the florets all tubular and hermaphrodite, or with, the marginal ones alone ligulate and female or neuter.

Tribe 1. EupatoriaceÆ.

Heads homogamous, florets all tubular, hermaphrodite. Anthers obtuse at the base. Style-branches long, obtuse, thickened upwards or club-shaped equally minutely papillose.

Herb with opposite leaves. Achene 5-angled. Pappus of 5–10 scales or bristles 1. Ageratum.

Tribe 2. Asteroideæ.

Heads heterogamous, radiate or discoid, or with the ray deficient and then homogamous. Anthers nearly entire at the base. Receptacle naked. Style-branches flattened, produced above the stigmatic margins into a triangular or lanceolate papillose appendage.

A. Female florets ligulate, forming a more or less conspicuous ray. (Ray absent in some, species of Olearia, and dwarfed in two species of Pleurophyllum.)

* Pappus wanting, or of minute scales or setæ.

Herbs. Leaves usually radical. Pappus entirely wanting. Achene narrowed upwards into a neck or beak 2. Lagenophora
Herbs. Leaves radical or cauline. Pappus wanting or of scale-like bristles. Achene not beaked 3. Brachycome.

** Pappus long, copious.

Shrubs or trees. Scales of the involucre in several series, margins scarious. Achenes nearly terete 4. Olearia.
Herbs. Leaves all radical, large, many-nerved. Heads numerous, racemed 5. Pleuro-phyllum.
Usually stemless herbs with radical leaves, but stems sometimes elongated and the leaves cauline. Scapes phyllum.
simple; heads solitary 6. Celmisia.
Branched leafy herb. Heads solitary, terminal. Achene much flattened. Style-branches with subulate tips 7. Vlttadinia.

B. Female florets tubular, in many series.

Alpine woolly herbs. Stems cæspitose or compacted into hard rounded masses. Heads broad, sessile 8. Haastia.

Tribe 4. Helianthoideæ.

Heads heterogamous, usually radiate, rarely discoid, or with the ray deficient and then homogamous. Receptacle with scales among the florets. Anther-cells not tailed. Style-branches truncate or furnished with an appendix. Pappus of stiff awns or short scales, never of capillary bristles.

Involucral bracts in two series: outer narrow, glandular, spreading; inner broader, erect, and enclosing the ray-florets. Pappus wanting 14. Siegesbeckia.
Involucral bracts in two series, about equal. Pappus of 2–4 stiff awns 15. Bidens.

Teibe 5. AnthemideÆ.

Heads heterogamous, radiate or discoid; or with the ray deficient and then homogamous. Involucral bracts dry or scarious at the tips. Receptacle naked or paleaceous. Anther-cells without tails. Style-branches truncate. Pappus wanting, or a crown of short scales.

Herbs, usually flaccid or succulent. Heads discoid, pedunculate; female corolla short and broad. Achenes flattened, often winged 16. Cotula.
Diffuse or prostrate herb. Heads discoid, sessile, axillary. Achenes hardly flattened, 3–4-ribbed or -angled 17. Centipeda.
Minute alpine herbs. Leaves entire, fleshy. Heads discoid. Female corolla tubular. Achene flattened, or 4-angled 18. AbrotaNella.

Tribe 6. SenecionideÆ.

Heads heterogamous, radiate or discoid; or with the ray deficient and then homogamous. Involucral bracts usually in a single row, with a few small ones at the base. Receptacle usually naked. Anther-cells sometimes sagittate at the base, but with no true tails. Style-branches truncate or appendiculate. Pappus of capillary bristles.

Herbs. Heads discoid. Female florets very slender, filiform, in 2–3 series 19. Erechthites.
Shrubs. Female florets ligulate; lamina short, furnished at the base with 1 or 2 minute lobes. Achenes terete, papillose 20. Brachyglottis.
Herbs, shrubs, or trees. Female florets ligulate, never filiform 21. Senecio.