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First Lessons in Maori

§ 16. Complex Prepositions

§ 16. Complex Prepositions.

—These are irregular modes of using some of the local nouns enumerated in § 8.

Series 1.

  • Ki runga ki,

  • I runga i,

  • Kei runga kei,

  • Hei runga hei, upon, on the top of.

  • No runga no, from upon, i.e., belonging to the top of.

  • I runga i, from upon, with special idea of motion from.

  • Mo runga mo, for the top of.

  • Ma runga ma, over, by the top of (direction).

  • Ko runga ko, to the top of.

Series 2.

  • Ki runga i,

  • I runga i,

  • Kei runga i,

  • Hei runga i, above, over.

  • No runga i, from above, i.e., belonging to that situation.

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  • I runga i, from above, implying motion from.

  • Mo runga i, for above, i.e., to be above.

  • Ma runga i, by above, over (of direction).

  • Ko runga i, to above, over.

In the second of these series o may be substituted for i after the local noun, in which case the construction will be regular.

Similar combinations may be made with raro, to signify under, beneath, below, etc.; with roto, to signify in, into, inside, etc.; with waho, to signify without, outside, from without, etc.

Mua and muri are only used in Series 2.