First Lessons in Maori
§ 16. Complex Prepositions
§ 16. Complex Prepositions.
—These are irregular modes of using some of the local nouns enumerated in § 8.
Series 1.
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Ki runga ki,
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I runga i,
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Kei runga kei,
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Hei runga hei, upon, on the top of.
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No runga no, from upon, i.e., belonging to the top of.
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I runga i, from upon, with special idea of motion from.
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Mo runga mo, for the top of.
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Ma runga ma, over, by the top of (direction).
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Ko runga ko, to the top of.
Series 2.
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Ki runga i,
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I runga i,
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Kei runga i,
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Hei runga i, above, over.
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No runga i, from above, i.e., belonging to that situation.
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I runga i, from above, implying motion from.
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Mo runga i, for above, i.e., to be above.
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Ma runga i, by above, over (of direction).
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Ko runga i, to above, over.
In the second of these series o may be substituted for i after the local noun, in which case the construction will be regular.
Similar combinations may be made with raro, to signify under, beneath, below, etc.; with roto, to signify in, into, inside, etc.; with waho, to signify without, outside, from without, etc.
Mua and muri are only used in Series 2.