First Lessons in Maori
§ 8. Local nouns
§ 8. Local nouns.
—There are certain nouns which are invariably used without a definitive, (§ 18), though the force of a definitive must be expressed in translation. The majority of these have a place signification, hence the designation, local nouns; but there are others also with a time signification, which belong to the same grammatical category, and are subject to the same rules.
The following is a list of the most important of these:—
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Runga, the top, the upper part.
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Raro, the bottom, the under part.
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Roto, the inside, the midst.
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Waho, the outside, the exterior.
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Mua, the front, the fore part.
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Muri, the rear, the hind part.
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Waenga, waenganui, waengarahi, the middle, the midst.
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Hea, whea, what place, what time (future).
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Ko, yonder place, the distant time.
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Konei, this place (near me).
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Kona, that place (near you).
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Reira, that place (before-mentioned).
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Tāwāhi, tarawāhi, the other side (of a river or valley).
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Tua, the other side (of a hill, house, etc.).
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Tātahi, the sea shore (as opposed to places inland).
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Uta, the inland (as opposed to tatahi).
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Uta, the dry land, the shore (as opposed to the water).
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Tai, the sea (as opposed to the dry land).
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Tahaki, the shore (as opposed to the water), one side.
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Aianei, naianei, the present
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Aoake, the day before, the day after.
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Karehā, the day before yesterday, the day after to-morrow.
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Nahea, what time (past).
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Nanahi, yesterday.
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Napō, last night.
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Namata, the past time, long ago.
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Nehe, nehera, the ancient times.
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Pahaki, the near distance.
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Raurangi, another time, another day (past or future).
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Tahirā, the day after tomorrow, the day before yesterday.
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Taitua, the further side (of a solid body).
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Tawhiti, the distance, a distance.