First Lessons in Maori
III. Prepositions.*
III. Prepositions.*
§ 15. Simple Prepositions.
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A, of, belonging to. (§ 22).
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at, of future time: a hea? at what time? until.
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after the manner of.
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O, of, belonging to, passive of a. (§ 22).
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from, of place or time, denoting the starting point.
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Na, of, belonging to. (§ 22).
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by, by means of, on account of, owing to.
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by, through, by way of, of direction.
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by, expressing emphasis on the agent. (§ 55).
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No, of, belonging to, passive of na. (§ 22).
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from, of place, but not after verbs of motion.
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from, at, of time past.
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Ma, for. (§ 22).
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by, by means of, on account of.
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by, through, by way of, of direction.
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by, expressing emphasis on the agent. (§ 55).
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Mo, for, passive of ma. (§ 22).
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at, on, of time future.
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about, concerning, with a view to.
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Ra, by way of, through, of direction.
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I, by, with, of agent or instrument, after participles, adjectives, and neuter verbs. (§ 69).
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by reason of.
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from, after verbs implying motion.
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at the time of, at the time that.
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with, in possession of, having in possession, past, or, in a negative clause, present. (§ 40, f.).
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with, in company with.
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at, in, on, of time, generally past.
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in comparison of.
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beyond.
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at, in, on, of place, mostly in time past, but in some cases, present. (§ 40 f.).
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in state of, in act of, in time past, or, in a negative clause, present (§ 40 f.), governing adjectives or verbs.
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to, with an infinitive after “learn.”
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connecting a transitive verb with its object; no English equivalent. (§ 53).
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Kei, at, on, of place, in time present; not used after verbs.
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with, in possession of, in time present.
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in state of, in act of, with adjectives or verbs in time present.
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Hei, at, on, like, as, of place, or time, future; not used after verbs.
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with, in possession of, in time future.
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for, to serve as, to be, without any definitive; used with nouns, or with the infinitive of verbs.
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Ki, to, of place, or with the infinitive of a verb of action (§ 50); into, towards.
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at, or in, of place in which a thing is done, etc., after verbs.
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at, after arrive, etc.
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with, of instrument.
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against.
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according to, concerning.
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for, in quest of.
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connecting a transitive verb with its object; no English equivalent. (§ 53).
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Me, with, in addition, and—too.
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Ko, to, going to, with nouns of place and infinitives of active verbs.
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at, of future time, or denoting intention.
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To, up to.
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Whaka, towards.
§ 16. Complex Prepositions.
—These are irregular modes of using some of the local nouns enumerated in § 8.
Series 1.
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Ki runga ki,
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I runga i,
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Kei runga kei,
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Hei runga hei, upon, on the top of.
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No runga no, from upon, i.e., belonging to the top of.
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I runga i, from upon, with special idea of motion from.
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Mo runga mo, for the top of.
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Ma runga ma, over, by the top of (direction).
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Ko runga ko, to the top of.
Series 2.
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Ki runga i,
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I runga i,
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Kei runga i,
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Hei runga i, above, over.
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No runga i, from above, i.e., belonging to that situation.
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I runga i, from above, implying motion from.
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Mo runga i, for above, i.e., to be above.
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Ma runga i, by above, over (of direction).
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Ko runga i, to above, over.
In the second of these series o may be substituted for i after the local noun, in which case the construction will be regular.
Similar combinations may be made with raro, to signify under, beneath, below, etc.; with roto, to signify in, into, inside, etc.; with waho, to signify without, outside, from without, etc.
Mua and muri are only used in Series 2.
* These are placed here for convenience of reference, and may be learned as occasion requires.