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Early Wellington

Appendix

Appendix.

The following items are extracted from the “Cyclopaedia of N.Z.,” Vol. I.; the Wellington City Council and Harbour Board's Year Books, and from secretaries of various associations and clubs.

In many instances the writer has been unable, through the limited time at his disposal, to ascertain the foundation and present officers of the various clubs. These could be recorded in another edition.

Art.

Mr. George French Angas, F.L.S., eldest son of the late Geo. Fife Angas, left London in 1843 on an art tour through Australia and New Zealand, returning in March, 1846, with a large collection of native costumes and implements, besides many portraits of natives which he had taken, as well as sketches of the places he had visited. These he had the honour of submitting to Her Majesty and the Prince Consort (Prince Albert) at Buckingham Palace. Mr. Angas was accompanied by James Pomare, grandson of the Chief of the Chatham Islands.

The following advertisement appeared in the “N.Z. Journal,” 11th April, 1846:—“Egyptian Hall, Piccadilly.—The New Zealand and South Australian Exhibition opened on Monday, 6th. April, comprising portraits of the most important New Zealand chiefs, their wives and families, and a complete illustration of the scenery and natives of Australia and New Zealand, and their manners and customs. The hall will be open daily from 10 a.m. till dusk. Admission: 1/-. A young New Zealander will attend in costume.”

George French Angas, proprietor “South Australia Illustrated” and “New Zealand Illustrated,” two folio works, were issued at intervals in 1847. Mr. Angas died in London, October, 1866 (Mennell's District Australian Biography, p. 14).

A picture was painted by Mr. C. D. Barraud, representing the encampment in the Horokiwi Valley of the advanced picket of the force, composed of Militia, armed police and friendly natives of Wellington and Petone, in 1846. The figures in the foreground on the right are Messrs. McDonogh and D. Scott, leaders of the party, and are conversing with Wi Tako, who is dressed in a native mat. On the hill, in the distance is introduced Rangihaeata's defence line (A. and N.Z. Gazette, 12/7/1851, p. 318). See Fig. 267.

The Academy of Fine Arts was founded in 1882, the executive for 1895 being:—Messrs. C. D. Barraud (president), H. S. Wardell and Dr. Fell (vice-presidents), Messrs. Hill and Rich- page 487 ardson, the Hon. Dr. Grace, Messrs. H. Gore, R. H. Govett, J. M. Nairn, W. S. Reid and D. T. Stuart (council), W. F. Barraud (treasurer), and L. H. B. Wilson (secretary). The officers for 1928 were Messrs. E. W. Hunt (president), J Ellis and Chas. Wilson (vice-presidents), Dr. Carbery, Messrs. T. S. Weston, W. Gray, — Young and H. E. Anderson (council), and H. M. Gore (secretary).

The Acclimatisation Society was founded in 1844. Officers in 1895 were:—The Earl of Glasgow (president), Sir Jas. Hector and Major General Schaw (vice-presidents), Messrs. A. J. Rutherford (secretary), and L. G. Reid (treasurer).

The Agricultural and Commercial Club was formed at Barrett's Hotel in October, 1840. The committee comprised:—Majors Durie and Hornbrook, Messrs. Geo. Hunter, W. Guyton, I. Wade, H. Taylor, Jas. Smith, Captain Hay, J. Wade (secretary), and Wm. Hay (treasurer). (N.Z. Journal, 1841.)

A meeting was held in the Exchange room on the 5th June, 1843, when Mr. R. Barton proposed, and Mr. Waitt seconded, “that an agricultural association be formed.” The speakers were Messrs. Clifford, Smith, Vavasour, Dr. Featherston, Messrs. Guyton and Knowles. A committee was formed comprising the following:—Messrs. F. A. Molesworth, H. Petre, R. Barton, C. Bidwill, W. Swainson, J. Watt, Machattie, Bethune, Bowler, Ludlam, Captain Daniell and Rhodes (N.Z. Journal, 9/12/1843).

Agricultural and Pastoral Association (Inc.), established 1889. President, Mr. W. H. Levin; secretary, Mr. G. H. Scales. (N.Z. Cyc., Vol. 1. p. 433.)

Art Club, established 1892; promoted by Messrs. J. M. Nairn, J. Baillie, W. L. Palmer, Dr. Fell and others. In 1896, Mr. J. M. Nairn was president, and Mr. M. C. Smith, hon. secretary and treasurer. (Ibid.)

Astronomical Society (Inc.), 1928. Patron: General Sir Charles Fergusson, Bart, LL.D., G.C.M.G., K.C.B., D.S.O., M.V.O. President: Rt. Hon. Sir Francis Bell, P.C., G.C.M.G., K.C. Vice-Presidents: Hon. Sir Frederick R. Chapman, E. G. Hogg, M.A., F.R.A.S.: Rt. Hon. Sir Robert Stout, P.C., K.C.M.G.: E. D. Bell. Secretary: C. E. Adams, D.Sc., F.R.A.S. Treasurer: C. G. G. Berry. Librarian: A. G. Crust. M.Sc. Council: John C. Begg, F.R.A.S.; Professor C. Coleridge Farr; Professor D. C. H. Florance; A. C. Gifford, M.A., F.R.A.S.; J. Kenderdine; Professor D. M. Y. Sommerville. Auditor: H. A. R. Huggins. Hon. Members: Sir Frank W. Dyson, M.A., LL.D., F.R.S., F.R.A.S.; Professor A. W. Bickerton.

Athenaeum and Mechanics' Institute. (Extracts from “Some Schools and Schoolmasters of Early Wellington,” p. 72, by George Macmorran, Esq.):—

“Previous to the departure from England of the ‘first colony,’ a committee was charged with the duty of making some provision for the literary, scientific and philanthropic institutions of the English Colony about to be planted in the South Pacific. Dr. G. S. Evans was chosen chairman of this committee. Contributions of books, scientific apparatus, etc., were received and despatched to New Zealand. On the 1st December, 1840, a meeting was held at Barrett's Hotel (Hotel Cecil site), a committee formed, and rules drawn up. Captain Rhodes offered a room in his house, but the committee accepted the offer of Mr. Richard Barrett to sell for £30 his Waipiro house, i.e., his whare on the Wai Peraro Reserve, about the Lambton Quay corner of Charlotte Street. Mr. Knox was appointed librarian. In April, 1842, owing to thirteen of the subscribers having refused to pay their subscriptions—the names were advertised—it was found necessary to wind up the affairs of the Institution. The library was to be presented to the Mechanics' Institute, about to be established.… . Meetings were held in April, 1842, and by May 2nd matters were so far advanced that the Port Nicholson Mechanics' Institute Public School Library was duly established, and its first officers elected. Colonel Wakefield was its first president; Messrs. W. Lyon and W. Swainson, vice-presidents, and Mr. John Knowles, secretary. A committee of 15, eight of whom were working men, according to the rules, was appointed. Mr. Rule was appointed schoolmaster and librarian, and opened the school on the 6th June, 1842. In November, 1842, Mr. George Edwards was appointed pro. tem., and a Sunday School, on undenominational lines, with Mr. Woodward as superintendent, was opened on June 19, 1842. The Library contained about 160 volumes. The first anniversary was celebrated by a public soiree, in boisterous weather, and with a limited attendance (about 30 ladies and gentlemen). The report of the committee informed them that a reserve on Lambton Quay (adjoining Willis and Co's. premises) had been granted to the Institute by His Excellency. In 1843, the membership was 61, at reduced subscriptions of 5/- per annum.”

The New Zealand Journal of the 9th. Dec., 1843, states: “The first anniversary of the Institute was celebrated on the 8th. May, 1843, Colonel Wakefield in the chair. He reminded them of the lecture addressed to them on the previous day in the church, when their minister took the opportunity to comment upon the stigmathat rested upon this town, that not any place, solely appropriate for public worship, had yet been erected by any of the Christian communities. The receipt of several packages of newspapers from Mr. S. Cobham, of Newgate Street, London, addressed to the secretaries of the late Museum, Exchange and Working Men's Association, now defunct, was acknowledged and placed in the library. Three lectures by Mr. Hanson, on colonisation, had been delivered; 61 boys and 29 girls had been admitted to the school. Some had left, leaving 42. Since the opening of the school on June page 488 19, 1842, the attendance had been 65 boys and 39 girls; total, 104. There were now 56, under the care of 7 gratuitous teachers; average attendance 45. The balance sheet showed £17 9/1 receipts the previous 6 months, and disbursements, £15 3/1, leaving £2 6/0 balance.” (Ibid.)

“On May 3rd, 1844, the foundation stone of the new building was laid, with Masonic honours. About six months later the Institute became dormant for several years. In January, 1844, the Raupo House ordinance deprived the Institute of its rooms. Dicky Barrett's Maori house and its property stored in the offices of the N.Z. Company. In June, 1848, the Institute was revived, and the property lodged in a small house belonging to Mr. Stafford.”

The officers, according to the Almanac for 1849, were:—President, His Honour Justice H. S. Chapman; vice-presidents, Messrs. Wm. Fox, W. Lyon and G. Moore; committee, Messrs. J. McBeth, J. F. Ballare, R. Hart, J. Woodward, W. Norgrove, W. Spinks, J. H. Marriott, H. J. Gridland, W. W. Taylor, A. de Bathe Brandon, W. Hart and Rev. J. Duncan; treasurer, R. J. Duncan; secretary, H. B. Sealy; librarian, Mr. Bushell.

A strong effort was now made to erect a building on the reserve next to the Scotch Kirk, and in April, 1850, the Wellington Athenaeum and Mechanics' Institute was opened by its president, Mr. Justice H. S. Chapman. Political and social gatherings were then held. In September, 1852, Sir Geo. Grey was present, and with him a youthful guest—Lord Robert Cecil—afterwards Lord Salisbury, Prime Minister of England.

The Cook's Strait Almanac, 1856, states:— “During the winter season lectures are delivered weekly and classes for the study of English and other languages, vocal music, and drawing, meet on almost every evening, while the hall is often employed for purposes of a public character. A meeting was held which resulted in the patriotic fund subscriptions and the ladies' bazaar, in aid of the hospital fund for the armies in the Crimea. The president in 1856 was Dr. Featherston, and vice-presidents, Messrs. E. Catchpool, R. Hart and W. Lyon, J.P.; treasurer, J. Woodward; secretary, J. Pearce; committee, G. Allen, J. Blyth, C. R. Carter, B. Gordon, J. G. Holdsworth, W. Holmes, C. Mills, T. McKenzie, W. Spinks, E. Toomath and J. Wallace.” The Almanac for 1863 gives the names of the officers, viz., president, Mr. Justice Johnston; vice-presidents, Messrs. W. Lyon, G. Hunter and G. Hart; treasurer, J. Woodward; secretary, H. F. Logan; committee, L. Levy, J. M. Taylor, J. Burke, W. T. Fagg, S. Levy, C. Moffitt, J. C. Boddington, C. J. Richardson, E. W. Mills, W. Gandy, E. Brandon and L. A. Hart.

The present building, “The Exchange,” was built in 1877, and the Institute flourished for a time, but owing to lack of funds, the edifice was sold, and the Athenaeum became a tenant of what was once its own property. The upper rooms were utilised for meetings, concerts and rehearsals. The writer remembers singing “The Death of Nelson” in the concert chamber in 1886, and attending rehearsals of the Musical Society conducted by Mr. Robert Parker.

The “Cyclopaedia of N.Z.,” page 284, has a lengthy article, accompanied by an illustration of the present Library, from which a few extracts are given: “On the 23rd. September, Mr. W. H. Levin offered £1000 as a subscription for the purchase of books for a free public library. Mr. Duthie, then Mayor, headed a list of subscriptions with £200, and including this and Mr. Levin's donation, the citizens of Wellington subscribed a sum of £3066 16/2. Competitive designs were invited, and Mr. W. Crichton's design was accepted. The foundation stone was laid by Mr. A. W. Brown (Mayor) on the 15th. December, 1891, and the Library was opened for the use of the public on the 23rd April, 1893, under the charge of Mr. G. N. Baggett. The chief librarian was appointed in August, 1893, when Mr. T. W. Rowe, M.A., was chosen. In 1895, the staff consisted of Messrs. T. W. Rowe, G. N. Baggett, J. E. F. Perry and Miss E. D. Mowat. The lending library was opened on the 6th. April, 1894, and the reference room on the 1st. of May. Mr. Herbert Baillie is the present city librarian (1928), and Mr. Perry, librarian at Newtown.

Automobile Club was established in 1905. The first president was the Hon. T. W. Hislop, and the first secretary, Mr. C. M. Banks. The president for 1928 is Sir Joseph Ward, and the secretary Mr. H. J. Stott.

Benefit Society (Union). The first meeting was held at Mr. Allen's house, Pito-one, in 1840. The second meeting was held, July 13, 1840 (N.Z. Gazette, 11/7/40).

Bible Society was established 1852. Messrs. J. May treasurer, and J. Costell secretary.

Boys' Institute was founded in June, 1892—the outcome of a Sunday evening mission school held by the Y.M.C.A. in the early eighties. In 1895, was situated corner of Cuba and Victoria Streets; Sir Jas. Prendergast (president), committee, Messrs. W. Allan, C. W. Benbow, W. F. Christie, A. Armstrong, A. Hoby, A. Johnston, T. W. McKenzie, G. C. Sunmerell, G. A. Troup and A. H. Wallace, J. G. W. Aitken (treasurer), and F. Maguire (secretary). (N.Z. Cyc., Vol. I., p. 360.)

Building Society.

A meeting of the Building Society was held at the Mechanics' Institute during this time (February, 1851). Mr. W. B. Rhodes was in the chair. Mr. Allen gave a brief summary of the proceedings of the Society, and stated that the number of shares subscribed for amounted to 154, and that 144 shareholders had paid entrance fee of 2/6 per share. A provisional committee were appointed, comprising page 489 Messrs. G. Allen, G. P. Wallace, G. Edwards, W. Bannister (senr.), C. R. Carter, W. P. Pickering, E. Roberts, W. Norgrove, E. Stafford, W. Seed, S. Levy, J. M. Taylor, J. Woodward and C. D. Barraud. The trustees appointed were: Messrs. W. B. Rhodes, C. Clifford, W. Waring Taylor, W. F. Christian and W. Dorset. Mr. W. B. Rhodes was elected treasurer (A. and N.Z. Gazette, 9/8/1851).

Camera Club, founded in 1892. President (1895), Mr. A. de Bathe Brandon: secretary, F. Denton; treasurer, T. M. Hardy, No. 11 Exchange Buildings, Quay. (N.Z. Cyc., Vol. I., p. 433.)

Cattle Company. At this meeting, Mr. J. Watt occupied the chair. Mr. St. Hill (secretary) read the prospectus, and a provisional committee was formed, consisting of Messrs. Crawford, Watt and Wade (N.Z. Gazette, and Wellington Spectator, 12th. Dec., 1840).

Chamber of Commerce.

The Wellington Chamber, of Commerce was established in 1856, when Mr. James Kelham became the first president, which position he held for two years. The succeeding presidents down to the year 1868 were:—The Hon. J. Johnston, Messrs. G. Hunter, W. M. Bannatyne, W. Waring Taylor, Chas. J. Pharazyn, E. Pearce and N. Levin.

The annual general meeting of the Wellington Chamber of Commerce was held on Wednesday, 28th July, 1858, at the offices at present temporarily occupied by the Chamber, at Messrs. Bethune and Hunter's, Captains' room, Exchange Buildings (old Custom House St.) Reports on steam postal service, customs tariff, light-house on Pencarrow Head, insolvent laws, joint stock companies, arbitration, Post Office, Supreme Court, securities on wool, etc., rules, banking establishments, finances and statistical returns were discussed. New members were elected, vix.:—Messrs. Adam Burns, James Smith, G. H. Vennell, J. G. Kinross, Thos. W. Pilcher and W. Turnbull. Regret was expressed that Mr. KelhaMcs departure for Europe had deprived the Chamber of one whose lengthened term of office had peculiarly fitted him to discharge the onerous duties of chairman.

From this date till 1875 the Chamber relapsed into a moribund condition. Under the presidency of Mr. W. H. Levin, the Chamber was re-instituted in the latter year, and since that time has been an active institution. The following gentlemen have since become presidents in their turn:—Messrs. J. Dransfield, F. A. Krull, T. Buchanan, J. Woodward, J. E. Nathan, J. R. George, J. B. Harcourt, A. J. McTavish, T. K. MacDonald, W. T. L. Travers, J. Duthie, J. H. Cook, E. W. Mills, J. Duncan, T. J. Gale, D. T. Stuart and J. McLellan. In 1884, the Chamber of Commerce was incorporated under Act of General Assembly. In 1895, the total membership was 95 (“N.Z. Cyclopaedia.” (N.Z. Cyc., Vol. I., p. 545.)

Mr. C. M. Bowden is president, Mr. A. Fletcher vice-president, and Mr. H. S. Fairchild secretary. 1928. Mr. J. B. Harcourt, a member since 1876, and chairman in 1883–84, was elected the first life member of the Chamber on the 17th. April, 1928 (vide “Dominion,” 18/4/1928).

Chess Club was founded in 1876. The outcome of a match between the town and civil service. Mr. Geo. Hunter was first president, and Mr. C. W. Benbow for over sixteen years. Mr. H. C. Skeet was secretary in 1892, etc. The “Cyclopaedia of N.Z.,” Vol. I., p. 421, shows an illustration of the members of the New Zealand Chess Congress, 1894, comprising Messrs. J. Wood, O. C. Pleasants, H. S. Cocks, J. Edwards, D. Hatherly, W. Mackay, H. C. Skeet, G. Pearce, H. Hookham, R. J. Barnes, A. A. Lelievre, A. Fifford and W. Barraud.

There have, in all, been three “Petherick” trophies, the names of the winners being as follow:—(a) Gold medal, won by F. W. Collins in 1902; (b) Petherick Trophy No. 1 (a handsome shield) was won outright by R. J. Barnes in 1908, the winners' names engraved on it being as follow: 1903, C. W. Tanner, 1904, R. J. Barnes; 1905, A. W. Gyles; 1906, R. J. Barnes; 1907, H. Jessup, and 1908, R. J. Barnes—this being his third “win at intervals”; and (c) Petherick Trophy No. 2 (a handsome combination of silver knight and rook, which cannot be won outright): 1909, W. E. Mason; 1910, R. J. Barnes; 1911, A. Glyes, senr.; 1912. R. J. Barnes; 1913, W. Cowper Hill (who was afterwards a war victim, being killed in France in September, 1916); 1914, W. White; 1915, no contest; 1916, W. White; 1917, E. S. Taylor; 1918, A. W. O. Davies (who now holds the Dominion championship for the third time); 1919, E. S. Taylor; 1920, H. Jessup; 1921, E. S. Taylor; 1922, H. Jessup; 1923, A. E. Jessup; 1924, A. T. Jessup; 1925, J. A. C. Barnes (a son of Mr. R. J. Barnes, who, as stated above, won five of the earlier tourneys), and 1926, F. Grady. For the benefit of new readers, it may be added that the late Mr. Edward Wade Petherick, who died on Christmas Day, 1915, aged 75, was for several years a very popular president of the Wellington Chess Club, and was also one of its most generous supporters. His trophies have always been for handicap events, his desire having been to encourage the weaker player.

The stronger players are, of course, well catered for in the club's annual championship tourney. This contest was abandoned for nine years, but was revived in 1918—since which time the winners have been as follow:—Season 1918–19, A. W. O. Davies; 1919–20, R. J. Barnes; 1920–21, W. E. Mason; 1921–22, R. J. Barnes; 1922–23, W. Mackay; 1923–24, W. E. Mason; 1924–25, Edwin A. Hicks; 1925–26, G. P. Anderson, and 1926–27, R. J. Barnes.

Early Settlers' Association was founded on Dominion night, 23rd. September, 1912, with the following as executive officers:—President, Hon. J. E. Jenkinson, M.L.C.; vice-presidents, Messrs. F. P. Wilson, G. London, John Smith, page 490
Fig. 308.—Group of Early Settlers, 1840. Mesdames Ellen Howell; S. Smith; Marshall; Agnes Leslie. Messrs. Sam Smith; Mark Briggs; G. Judd; S. Boyd; W. H. Brook; J. Brown; Alf. Horst. (Names not in order in which persons are sitting.)

Fig. 308.—Group of Early Settlers, 1840. Mesdames Ellen Howell; S. Smith; Marshall; Agnes Leslie. Messrs. Sam Smith; Mark Briggs; G. Judd; S. Boyd; W. H. Brook; J. Brown; Alf. Horst. (Names not in order in which persons are sitting.)

Fig. 309.—Group of Early Settlers, 1840–1850. Taken at Newtown Park on Anniversary Day, 1913.

Fig. 309.—Group of Early Settlers, 1840–1850. Taken at Newtown Park on Anniversary Day, 1913.

page 491 and L. Stowe; general committee, Hon. C. M. Luke, M.L.C., Dr. Cameron, Messrs. G. Mac-Morran, H. N. McLeod, W. H. Bennett, H. Baillie, W. A. Edwards, L. McKenzie, and F. M. Leckie; hon. treasurer and hon. secretary, Mr. Ronald K. Lyon. The objects of the Society and report of the first meeting may be seen in the Journal, Vol. 1, No. 1, December, 1912.

Space precludes anything but a passing reference to a subject that could easily fill a volume. Each gathering is marked by the absence of one or two of the old identities by the silence that accompanies each name when the “roll call” is announced. In 1924, Mrs. Cornford, aged 91 years, presented Lady Jellicoe with a bouquet of flowers, and Mr. Thos. Bassett, who arrived in 1840, presented His Excellency Lord Jellicoe with an address, on the last occasion of his visits to the hall and prior to his departure. The address had appended to it the following names, extracted from the Evening “Post,” 24th September, 1924:—

1840.—W. Udy (Duke of Roxburgh), T. Bassett (Duke of Roxburgh), H. Curtis (London), Friend Hook (Coromandel), C. Goodwin (Martha Ridgway), G. Judd (Martha Ridgway), Mrs. Cameron (Blenheim), Mrs. Oliver (Blenheim), Mrs. Martin (Blenheim).

1841.—J. Waters (Slains Castle), Mrs. Hamilton (Slains Castle), Mrs. Sinclair (Arab), J. Vile (Arab), Mrs. Hart Udy (Arab), R. Hooper (Arab), J. Daysh (Gertrude), Mrs. Cornford (Gertrude), H. Southee (Lady Nugent), J. Kilmister (Lady Nugent), J. C. Retter (Lord William Bentinck), W. B. Howell (Lord William Bentinck), D. Hobbs (Burnham).

The “Dominion” of the 15th. August, 1927, gives the following report:—

Fig. 309a.—Mr. A. B. Fitchett and a grandson. (John Edward Fitchett.)

Fig. 309a.—Mr. A. B. Fitchett and a grandson. (John Edward Fitchett.)

Fig. 309b.—Captain Wm. Sedcole, born at St. Martin's le Grand, London, 16/7/1793. (From a photo, taken April 7th, 1871.)

Fig. 309b.—Captain Wm. Sedcole, born at St. Martin's le Grand, London, 16/7/1793. (From a photo, taken April 7th, 1871.)

Five Generations Together.

There was a large gathering in the Early Settlers' Hall on Saturday afternoon, when a party was given in honour of Mrs. Cornford, one of the oldest surviving early settlers of Wellington, who was present, with four other generations of her family. Mrs. Cornford is 96 years old, and she came to New Zealand in the ship Gertrude in 1841, and has lived in Wellington ever since. She resides at present with her daughter, Mrs. Eagle, at Karori. Makara and Karori have been her homes, except for four years at Johnsonville. Her husband died about fourteen years ago, but eight of her nine children survive, namely, Mrs. Eagle, Mrs. R. Creag, Mrs. J. Creag, Mrs. C. Hunt, and Messrs. Charlie, W. G. and H. Cornford. Mrs. Cornford was keenly interested and thoroughly happy at the party on Saturday. She remembers Thorndon—the district, not the quay—when it was covered in manuka, has seen all the roads made in Wellington, all the Governors of the Colony and Dominion, and the arrivals and departures of the troops who came out to the Maori War.

Sir Douglas McLean (president of the society) presided, and made a speech of welcome to Mrs. Cornford. Her life, he said, was the political and historical story of Wellington. Sir Frederick Chapman spoke of the early days of Karori, and some interesting talk ensued.

Present also was another old lady, whose age, with Mrs. Cornford's, totalled 188 years.

The executive for 1928 were:—President, Sir R. D. D. McLean; vice-presidents, Mrs. G. M. page 492 Brown, Messrs. G. A. Troup. Sir John Luke, E. G. Pilcher and Prof. B. Wilson; committee, Messrs. C. W. Tanner, C. Tandy, W. Toomath (acting secretary), D. White, R. Smith, A. Cheesman, W. Freeman, and D. McKay (treasurer).

Flax Industry.—On 4th January, 1841, a public meeting, convened by Messrs. J. C. Crawford, W. B. Rhodes, Wm. Guyton, E. Daniell, D. Scott and J. Watt, was held at Barrett's Hotel, to discuss the preparation of flax for exportation, and to form a company.

Forward Movement Society, Manners Street, established 1893; Rev. W. A. Evans, leader. Sir Robert Stout, Dr. Findlay, Hon. T. W. Hislop and Mr. A. R. Atkinson were amongst the lecturers. (N.Z. Cyc., Vol. I., p. 406.)

Gas Company.—The Gas Company was established in 1870. The plant was imported from England, and Mr. Samuel Brown had the contract for its erection and completion. The first gas was manufactured in Wellington in 1871, at the price of 20/- per 1000 ft. The first contract entered into with the Wellington City Council was for 24 street lamps, at the modest charge of £200 per annum. The company has (1895) two acres of land at Courtenay Place, and one and a half acres in Tory Street. The streets were lit for the first time on the 22nd April, 1871 (N.Z. Cyc., Vol. I., p. 752).

Geological Society. A meeting of this society was held on the 2nd February, 1847, at the Athenaeum. Sir H. J. De la Beche presided. A paper on the fossil remains of birds collected in the Taranaki District of New Zealand was read by Walter Mantell Esq. He also contributed a paper by G. Mantell Esq., LL.D., on the first relic of the gigantic struthious birds (N.Z. Journal, 11/3/1848).

Fig. 310.—Old Government Farm, 1929. The central portion of this house was built in the 'Sixties from some of the timber of the old Government House (old portion of Parliament House) and was for many years occupied by Mr. and Mrs. Gapes. It is now occupied by Mr. John Hardy, and is Number 2 Seaview Terrace (by the bus stop off Military Road).

Fig. 310.—Old Government Farm, 1929. The central portion of this house was built in the 'Sixties from some of the timber of the old Government House (old portion of Parliament House) and was for many years occupied by Mr. and Mrs. Gapes. It is now occupied by Mr. John Hardy, and is Number 2 Seaview Terrace (by the bus stop off Military Road).

Girls' Friendly Society, founded by Lady Jervois, 1883. President, Mrs. Fitzgerald; secretary, Miss Ashcroft; treasurer, Mrs. Tanner. For the “Girl of To-day” (1927) read “Free Lance,” 17/3/1926.

Horticultural Society.

The following observations on the institution of a Horticultural and Botanical Society at Port Nicholson are from the “Gardener's Chronicle.”

“We have great pleasure in announcing the formation of a Horticultural and Botanical Society at the town of Wellington in the New Zealand Company's Harbour of Port Nicholson. On Monday evening, November 8, 1841, a numerous and respectable meeting was held at Barrett's Hotel for the purpose of forming a Horticultural Society. The objects of the meeting were explained by Dr. Featherston and R. Stokes, Esq. The officers elected were:—Colonel Wakefield (president), Messrs. R. D. Hanson, F. A. Molesworth, M. Murphy, J. T. Wicksteed (vice presidents); the committee comprised Messrs. C. E. Alzdorf, R. Barton, Major Baker, Captain Daniell, Dr. Evans, Rev. J. McFarlane, H. St. Hill. — Hurst, H. E. Johnston, A. Ludlam, Captain Smith, Dr. Stokes, W. Swainson, J. Watt, J. Wade, D. Wilkinson, H. Moreing, T. M. Partridge, Dr. Johnson. Captain Hay and W. Fitzherbert were also speakers at the meeting. Dr. page 493 Featherston was elected secretary, and Mr. R. Stokes treasurer (N.Z. Journal, 28/5/1842, pp. 101 and 121).

First Exhibition, 24th. January, 1842.—Prize List:—

For cottager's garden—Mr. James, 1st. (£1 10/-); D. Johnston, 2nd. (15/-). Gardener's prize, best garden—Mr. Hunt, 1st. (£1); D. Wilkinson, 2nd. Judges: E. Johnson, A. Ludlam, J. Jackson and Mr. Henry. Vegetables (12 potatoes, 6 kidney and 6 round)—F. A. Molesworth, 1st.; A. Ludlam, 2nd. Burcham and Captain Mein Smith, extra. Peas (12 pods)—Mr. Bannister, 1st.; Baron Alzdorf, extra. Beans (6)—E. Pharazyn, 1st.; Mr. Maclagan, 2nd. Kidney Beans—E. Catch-pool, 1st.; Mr. Hunt, 2nd. Cauliflower—D. Wilkinson, 1st.; E. Johnson, 2nd. Turnips—D. Wilkinson, 1st.; R. Stokes, 2nd.; Major Baker and Mr. Baines, extra. Carrots—F. A. Molesworth, 1st.; Colonel Wakefield, 2nd. Lettuces—A. Ludlani, 1st. Onions—D. Lewis, 1st.; Capt. Smith, 2nd; Baron Alzdorf, extra. Beet—H. Knowles, 1st.; D. Wilkinson, 2nd. Cabbages—Mr. Burcham, 1st.; E. Johnson, 2nd. Pot Herbs—Capt. Smith, 1st.; Kohl Rabi, 2nd; E. Johnson, extra. Flowers (12 annuals)—J. T. Wicksteed. Geranium—Mr. Hurst. Bouquet—D. Wilkinson, 1st.; Capt. Smith, 2nd; Major Baker, extra. Dahlias—Dr. Featherston, extra prize. Four Apples—Baron Alzdorf. Wheat, Hutt—Baron Alzdorf. Native Prize (6 largest potatoes)—E. Keti, of “Pipiteah.” Judges: R. B. Barnes, F. Johnstone, J. Jackson and Mr. Henry (N.Z. Journal, 6/8/1843).

Extract from a letter written by Wm. Trotter to Mr. E. G. Wakefield, Macclesfield:—

River Hutt, 11th. Jan., 1850.

“.… My wife and youngest son are up every morning gathering gooseberries for Wellington by half-past four o'clock. We must have had at least 1500 quarts this season. We sell them at 9d per quart, 7d to sell again… . I should think we have about fifteen bushels of apples. You must think that strange, seeing that my trees were only planted three years ago, last June; but what I write you, Sir, you may depend upon as truth. The labyrinth that I made of fruit trees are met, and some of them attained their height. It is on the same plan as that at Hampon Court, but on a smaller scale. I suppose it is the first that has crossed the ‘line,’ and I assure you, sir, if you were to see it just now—my fine trained trees covered with excellent fruit—you would say it looks quite as well as the Royal Yew Hedge at Hampton Court, and answers my purpose much better when I can get 3/- a dozen for my fruit. A person called on me last year and told me he had brought apples from Hobart for sale. I told him I would stop the import, so I took him to one of my Hawthordens. He was quite astonished, and gave me 2/- for 6 apples, to convince the Van Dieman's Land people that they were beaten by New Zealand. My daughter picked 350 from a Keswick codlin, and left 200 to ripen.

“I thought of Old England on New Year's Day, with her frost and snow; and here we were, from morn till night, selling ripe goose-berries—I had hundreds of people from Wellington to visit me that day.

“This is the first day I have been without company for the last month, Sundays excepted… . An Old Country woman of mine called on me the other day and told me she was just beginning to do well in the world. She is only 76 years of age. Now, sir, Mrs. D. Wakefield told me you were not that age; why not come over here and spend your latter days with us? My garden gate shall always be thrown open to receive you. All my tribe send their duty to you.”

Horticultural and Florists' Society, established 1889. President, Mr. F. H. D. Bell, M.H.R.; secretary, Chas. Callis; treasurer, J. J. Kerslake; ladies' committee, Mesdames F. N. D. Bell, A. de B. Brandon, J. Burne, Castendyk, Eberle, Focke, Hudson, C. H. Izard, T. K. Macdonald, C. B. Morrison, J. Prouse, L. G. Reid, R. Trigs, Travers, and Misses Pearce and Crease. (N.Z. Cyc., Vol. I., p. 434.)

Hotels.

Some of the hotels mentioned in the early almanacs printed in the early days were:—The “New Zealander,” Manners Street, in the forties.

1853.—Nag's Head—Cuba Street (now Alhambra). Wellington — Lambton Quay (Alzdorf's; near Scoular's). Ship—Manners Street (site of Regent Cafe). Royal—Lambton Quay (Munn's; centre of Cecil). Aurora—Willis Street (Britannia).

1863.—Coach and Horses—Manners Street (site of Fowld's). Forresters'—Ghuznee Street (Valentines).

Hotels in Operation in 1866.

  • Albion, Courtenay Place (still in operation).
  • Barrett's, Lambton Quay (still in operation).
  • Coach and Horses, Manners Street (now Fowlds.
  • Commercial, Willis Street (now the Grand).
  • Cricketers' Arms, Tory Street (still in operation).
  • Criterion Tap, Lambton Quay, Wellington (Alzdorf's).
  • Crown and Anchor, Lambton Quay (now Commercial).
  • Eagle Tavern, Willis Street (“Melbourne”; Carlton).
  • Empire, Willis Street (still in operation).
  • Freemasons, Lambton Quay (opposite State Fire Insurance).
  • Gawith's, Molesworth Street (Shamrock).
  • Karori (“Shepherd's Arms”), Tinakori Road (still in operation).
  • Morrow's Private Hotel, Willis Street.
  • Nelson, Lambton Quay (now Central Hotel).
  • Panama and New Zealander, Manners Street (New Zealander).
  • Pier, Grey Street (still in operation).page 494
  • Provincial, Molesworth Street (still in operation).
  • Queens, Boulcott Street, foot of Church steps.
  • Queen's Head, corner of Fitzherbert Terrace and Molesworth Street.
  • Royal (Barrett's in 1840), Lambton Quay (license transferred).
  • Royal Tiger, Taranaki Street (still in operation).
  • South Seas, Lambton Quay, near Ferguson and Osborn.
  • Te Aro (Te Aro), Willis Street (still in operation).
  • Thistle, Mulgrave Street (still in operation).
  • Victoria, Abel Smith Street (still in operation).
  • White Swan, Cuba Street (still in operation).

Other hotels in the sixties were:—The Bank Hotel, Farish Street (recently pulled down); the Branch Hotel, Woodward Street and Lamton Quay; the Galatea, Hawkestone and Molesworth Streets; the Surprise, at Karori, near the Park side of the road. The Rainbow Inn, and the Waterloo at Kaiwharawhara. The Prince of Wales and the Duke of Edinburgh.

Jockey Club, 1851.—The “Cook's Strait Almanac,” for 1852, contains the names of the Jockey Club, viz.: Patron, the Lieut.-Governor; President, Hon. H. W. Petrie; Stewards, Mr. Harrison, Dr. Dorset, Hon. H. W. Petrie, Lieut. Trafford, Mr. H. St. Hill, Capt. Daniell, Messrs. Raymond, Bethune, Waitt, Jenkins, Kelham and Johnston; Secretary and Treasurer, Dr. Featherston.

Journalists' Institute, founded 8th August 1891. The officers in 1895 were (for Wellington): Mr. R. A. Loughnan, vice-president; the Hon. Sir Robert Stout, K.C.M.G., M.H.R., hon. counsel; Mr. F. W. Weston, hon. treasurer; and Mr Geo. Humphries, hon. secretary. The officers for the Wellington Branch in 1895 were: Messrs. R. A. Loughnan (chairman), J. Ilott, J.P. (hon. treasurer), and H. R. Dix (hon. secretary).

Junior., Club was founded in 1891, in Johnston Street, the directors being: Messrs. H. D. Bell, M.H.R. (Sir Dillon). president; R. M. Simpson, vice-president; Col. Hume, A. S. Biss, W. H. Field, S. Phillips, J. E. Ree, A. Gilbert, and S. Robinson, committee; J. O. Anson, secretary.

Kennel Club.—The preliminary meeting was held in December 1888 to promote dog shows in Wellington. The club was founded in 1889, and the first show was held in 1890. The officers for 1895 were: Patron, His Excellency the Earl of Glasgow, G.C.M.G.; President, Dr. James; Vice-Presidents, Messrs. Cooper, Crawford, Hunter, Izard, Moorhouse, Triggs and Williams and Dr. Adams; Hon. Secretary and Treasurer, A. W. J. Cook; Judge, J. W. Smyth (Melbourne). (N.Z. Cyc., pp. 456–457.)

Knights of Labour Assembly, organised in February, 1890. Officers, 1895, were: Miss Lee, M.W., and Mrs. W. Hildreth secretary.

Law Society, Wellington District.—President: H. H. Cornish; Vice-President, H. F. Johnston; Members, H. F. O'Leary, P. Levi, Wm. Perry, A. W. Blair, R. Kennedy, M. Myers, K.C., Albert A. Wylie; Hon. Secretary, W. A. Hawkins; Hon. Treasurer, William Perry; Solicitor, A. Gray, K.C.

Licensing Committee.—This committee, in 1895, comprised the following: Mr. J. C. Martin, S.M., Rev. H. Van Staveren, Messrs. T. W. McKenzie, C. E. W. Willeston, J. H. Heaton, J. Bateman Harcourt, John Young, J.P., John Smith, junr., Ed. Wm. Mills. The hour of closing the hotels in Wellington was 11 o'clock.

Lodges.

Antipodean, 1848, A. Lyall, G.M.; G. P. Wallace, N.G.; Wm. Mason, junr., V.G; Chas. Diehl, Secretary; met at the Crown and Anchor, Wednesdays. First anniversary, 1849, at Crown and Anchor Tavern. About forty members and their friends sat down at 6 p.m. to a most substantial dinner. Appropriate toasts followed. Dancing commenced at 10 p.m. (“N.Z. Journal” 6/10/49.) 1851: R. E. Bannister G.M., Jas. Smith H.G., J. Benge V.G., C. Diehl Sec., J. Tweedale Asst.-Sec. 1866: E. Bannister secretary. (Oddfellows.) Met at Oddfellows Hall, Lambton Quay, from 8 p.m. 1896: Secretary, Mr. A. Guise.

Band of Hope, 1866.—President, Mr. J. Tolley; Treasurer, T. Lowe; Secretary, A. Levy. On Wednesday afternoon last the members of the Wellington Band of Hope celebrated the anniversary of that Society by marching through the principal streets of the town in procession. Between two and three hundred children took part in the proceedings. On returning to the hall they were regaled with tea and cake. The evening was spent in a most agreeable manner, speeches, songs and recitations being given. Miss Harriett Bannister recited Miss Sewell's ballad of “Our Father's Care,” which consists of 800 lines, without committing, a single blunder; and an almost equal feat of memorial skill was performed by Miss Elizabeth Helyer, who recited a piece of 95 verses, called “Faith, Hope and Charity.” Before the meeting broke up the following gentlemen were elected office-bearers for the ensuing year: F. Fraser, president; Jas. Godber, secretary; J. Low, treasurer. (Newspaper cutting, 18/5/1867.)

Britannia (Oddfellows).—1848: J. Chapel G.M., S. Poulter N.G., F. K. Allen N.G., Jas. Marriott secretary, met at the Aurora Tavern. (Cook Strait Almanac.) 1851: J. Cail G.M., S. Poulter N.G., Jas. Rennington V.G., J. Duck secretary, met at Nelson Tavern (Central Hotel), Lambton Quay. 1866: G. T. Bell secretary. 1896: G. E. Godber. No. 23, St. John's, page 495 established 1873. Officers for 1895: Sister Perry, Bro. Spiers, secretary. No. 24. Newtown: E. F. Jones, J. D. Jones secretary.

Druids.—The supplement to the “N.Z. Druidic Gazette,” March, 1927. contains the names of the principal Druid lodges and secretaries of Wellington, as follows:—“Excelsior,” W. McLaughlan; “Pride of Brooklyn,” O. H. Benge, Boulcott Street; “Coronation,” T. Mollison, Riddiford Street; “Melrose,” S. Hall, “Evening Post”; “Pacific,” F. Mawhinney, Constable Street; “Island Bay,” T. Mollison.

Foresters.—Established 1862. Met at Karori Hotel (Dixon's). G. F. Harper C.R., D. F. Smith S.C.R., J. Lomas S.W., J. Booth J.W., C. H. Gillespie S.B., J. Mason J.B., G. Dixon, W. M. Gawler trustees, J. Leighton secretary, Dr. A. Johnston medical attendant. (Site granted for hall, 1864, next to Government Fire Insurance building). (Baillie, p. 713.) 1866: G. M. Snelson, T. H. Ellison, E. Montgomery; secretary, D. T. Smith; treasurer. I. Plimmer. 1896: Met in St. George's Hall; A. Whiteford, district secretary.

Court Sir G. Grey.—Foresters' Hall, Lambton Quay; established 1862. J. Robertson was secretary, 1895.

Court Robin Hood.—Established 1865. Met at Foresters' Hall, Tory Street, in 1897; J. T. Webber, secretary.

Court Sir George Bowen.—Established 1869. Mr. J. Foley, secretary in 1897.

Court Sir Wm. Jervois.—Established 1889. Met Riddiford Street in 1897; Mr. T. L. Coe, secretary.

Court Lady Glasgow, Tory Street; Miss N. Aston, secretary in 1897.

Freemasons.—Pacific Lodge; established 1842. Met at Barrett's Hotel (Hotel Cecil site), 1848. J. Masters W.M., E. Abbott S.W., W. M. Bannatyne S.W., P. M. Hervey S.D., J. R. Foster J.D., D. Isaacs I.G., R. Hart secretary, K. Bethune treasurer, W. Lyon P.M. (Cook Strait Almanac.) 1856: Met at Crown and Anchor. Bros. R. Lambert, A. Mackay, T. W. McKenzie, L. Levy, Jas. Wallace, W. Rowlands, C. W. Schultze; treasurer, G. H. Vennell; secretary, Syd. Mason; W. M. Bannatyne P.M. 1866: Met at Barrett's Hotel (Plimmer's Steps). J. Dransfield, W. J. Tagg, J. Tully, G. Gray secretary, R. Lambert treasurer, Levi Buck tyler, L. Moss P.M. 1896: Met at Masonic Hall, Boulcott Street. Bros. Rev. J. Dumbell, Jas. Mackay, F. W. Weston, T. W. Rowe, secretary.

Waterloo Lodge.—Established 1866. Officers 1896: Bros. G. MacMorran, J. W. Davis, G. B. Clark, J. Stevenson secretary.

St. Andrew's.—Established 1879. Officers for 1896: Bros. C. Neilson, A. Mackay, F. J. Bew, R. Fletcher secretary.

Leinster.—Established 1882. Officers, 1895: A. Clothier, A. Bowley, J. A. Sloane, J. C. Young, secretary.

District.—Established 1876.

Wellington.—Established 1874. Officers, 1895: G. Allport, A. D. Riley, S. Robinson, F. Hart mann secretary.

Aorangi.—Officers for 1898: J. M. Richardson, W. G. Rutherford, W. H. Quick, J. O. Anson secretary, Junior Club.

Hibernian Aus. Catholic Society.—Established 1877. St. Patrick's Branch. 1897, St. Patrick's Hall, Boulcott Street. President, Mr. J. Hyland; Treasurer, M. Bohan; Secretary, W. J. Grant.

Oddfellows.—See Antipodean and Britannia. 1866: Wellington District: J. H. Marriott, T. Walden, E. Bannister. River Hutt-Rose of the Valley: J. Philpots, secretary. Rose of Sharon: R. W. Pearce, secretary. Porirua Road-Kinapoura: Jas. McGrath. (Almanac.)

Orange. — Met Rechabite Hall, Manners Street. Officers, 1895, were: J. Lindsay, J. Edwards, G. Petherick secretary. No. 16: H. J. White, G. Purdie secretary. No. 23, “No Surrender”: Mr. W. Janson, G. D. Beharrell secretary. No. 46: Mr. Jas. Edwards, A. M. Melville secretary. No. 49: Mr. J. Lindsay, M. W. Thew secretary. No. 395, “King David”: Wm. D. Hall, G. D. Beharrell, registrar. “Purple Rocket,” No. 4: Mr. J. Lindsay, Miss Roberts secretary. (N.Z. Cyc., Vol. I., p. 414.)

Rechabites.—No. 1, Rechabite Hall, Manners Street: F. H. Fraser secretary. No. 6, met Sydney Street: W. H. Freethy secretary. No. 19: Mr. W. J. Gaudin secretary. The officers for 1897.

Shepherds.—Met in 1866 at Host Plimmer's Barrett's Hotel, Plimmer's Steps. Officers: C. H. Gillespie, G. M. Snelson, Isaac Plimmer treasurer, D. T. Smith scribe, T. H. Ellison, J. Robertson, C. Hewitt and W. Dalton.

Temperance. — District Lodge established 1893. Mr. G. Petherick D.T., A. Thompson secretary. No. 11, “Pioneer,” established 1873. Officers for 1895: Mr. R. Crawford, Bro. Hoverd secretary. No. 12, Star,” established 1873. Officers for 1895; Mr. A. Martin, Mr. E. Reay secretáry.

Maorilanders' Association was founded in 1928. The officers were:—Messrs. M. J. Forde (president), J. H. Barnett (secretary), F. H. C. Smith (treasurer), M. Heyland, G. A. Nicholls, J. Brady, J. O'Brien, J. J. Murray, J. Ryan, D. McKenzie, A. Cassie, J. A. Shand, Mrs. M. J. Maslin.

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Marine Engineers' Institute.—Composed of sea-going engineers. The head office for New Zealand was at No. 10. Queen's Chambers. Wellington, in 1895. Officers were: Mr. A. Kelly (president), and Mr. A. R. Hislop (secretary).

Music.

One of the earliest advertisements with reference to music instruction appeared in the “Spectator” of the 21st September, 1853, and is worded thus: “A lady who has just commenced giving lessons in music will be happy in arranging to go to the Hutt once a week. Te Aro, 21/9/1853.”

The 65th Regiment, stationed in Wellington, enlivened proceedings considerably in one way and another, and their excellent band contributed periodical programmes, one of which is extracted from the “New Zealand Spectator,” 17/3/54—Overture, “Don Pasquale,” Donizetti; “Cavatina” and “Siege of Rochelle,” Balfe; “Real Scottish Quadrille,” Jullien; Selection, “Bohemian Girl,” Balfe; “Queen's Waltz,” Tulton; “Cricket Polka,” Jullien; “Pas Galop,” “Boincrowsky,” Bochva.

The Oddfellows' Hall, the foundation stone of which was laid in 1859, stood on the corner of Lambton Quay and Grey Street (the site of the T. and G. building under construction), and was the scene of many musical triumphs and theatrical ventures. Mr. Jas. Mitchell, Oamaru, in a letter published in the “Free Lance,” of the 11th September, 1926, states that the building was adapted for theatrical purposes about the year 1865.

Choral Society.—The executive officers of the Choral Society in 1863 comprised: Mr. Justice Johnston, President; the Bishop of Wellington, Messrs. J. C. Crawford and W. W. Taylor, Vice-Presidents; W. H. Holmes, Secretary and Treasurer; G. Picket, Conductor; W. H. Holmes and W. Mowbray, sub-Conductors: Mrs. Askin, Pianist. The Committee were: The President, Conductor and Vice-Conductors, G. Moore, J. Woodward, and G. F. Swainson.

The “Independent,” 7th July, 1866, in its report of the fourth concert, states: “The fourth private concert of the Choral Society was held in the Oddfellows' Hall on Thursday, 4th July, 1866. His Excellency Sir George Grey, Major-General Chute, and several members of the General Assembly were present. Sacred and secular music, operatic airs, and several pieces were rendered with great care, and elicited frequent bursts of applause from the audience.”

In 1866 the Choral Society's officers were: His Honour Justice Johnston (president). Mr. W. Mowbray (conductor), and Mr. W. H. Holmes (secretary and treasurer). The Theatre Royal, Johnston Street (site of Police Headquarters) was opened in 1872. Many will remember the excellent performances held there. The “New Zealand Times,” of the 11th January, 1877, announces the opening of Mr. Bonnington's “Academy of Music.” This two-storied building stood on Lambton Quay, nearly opposite the Government Buildings.

Mr. H. E. Nicholls, in an article published in the “N.Z. Free Lance,” 19th May, 1926, mentions that the first Opera House (Regent Theatre site), Manners Street, was built in 1877, and destroyed by fire in 1879.

The Orchestral Society was founded in 1879, and conducted by Mr. Angelo Forest until his departure from Wellington. Mr. Robert Parker was conductor from that time to 1886, when it went into recess, and was reformed in 1889 under Mr. J. B. Connolly's conductorship. Other conductors have been Messrs. Otto Schwartz and Mr. Alfred Hill (1895). Mr. Frank Grady was hon. librarian practically all the time. Further information may be obtained from the “Cyclopaedia of N.Z.,” Vol. I., p. 439.

Trinity College Examinations were established through the instrumentality of Mr. Robert Parker, in 1886–7. The committee comprised Sir Jas. Hector, Mr. J. R. Blair and the Rev. W. J. Habens. Mr. Parker was local secretary. (N.Z. Cyc., p. 439.)

The second Opera House, built 17th November, 1886, was partly destroyed by fire on the 29th March, 1888, restored 6th December 1888, and was opened by the Amateur Operatic Society with the performance of “The Mikado.” (Nicholls, N.Z. Free Lance, 19/5/26.)

Mr. Robert Parker conducted a Musical Festival in 1888, Herr Puschell, Miss Spensley, and others coming from Christchurch to assist.

The Operatic Society was established about July, 1888. The officers in 1895 were: Messrs. P. Parfitt (president), J. Duthie, M.H.R., Dr. Collins, W. Ferguson and J. Coates (vice-presidents), P. Levi (hon. secretary and stage manager), A. E. Mabin (hon. treasurer), W. D. Lyon (chairman of committee). (N.Z. Cyc., Vol. I., p. 437.)

The Associated Board of the Royal Academy and Royal College of Music, London, was established in 1889, and began operations in New Zealand, 1895, Mr. Lee Williams, organist at Gloucester Cathedral, being the first examiner. At that time the work in New Zealand was managed by the Sydney Office, with the help of honorary local representatives in the larger towns; but in 1900 Mr. H. A. Parker was appointed resident secretary for New Zealand. In 1904 he retired, and Mr. E. C. Cachemaille was appointed, who holds office to this day. There are now centres for the Board's examinations in fifty towns throughout the Dominion, and two examiners come here annually from London.

The Liedertafel originated from the Male Voice Glee Club, called the Orpheus, and founded in 1891. Mr. Robert Parker (conductor), Mr. J. H. Cock (president), later presidents being Messrs. G. L. Tolhurst and Edward Pearce. The first secretary was Mr. R. Hamilton.

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During the year 1895 the first examinations for Trinity College Exams. took place, Mr. Myles Birkett Foster, R.A.M., R.C.O., being the pioneer examiner. Mr. Robert Parker, secretary.

The Musical Union was established 1895, Mr. T. C. Webb (conductor). Officers for 1896 were Messrs. J. G. Chambers (chairman), S. G. Hamerton (hon. secretary and treasurer). (Cyclopaedia, p. 439.)

A Musical Society was founded in 1895. Mr. Alfred Hill and Mr. Maughan Barnett, joint conductors. Messrs. R. Angus, J. C. Young and H. Crammond (secretaries). (Ibid, p. 438.)

Festival Choral Society officers in 1895 were Sir Jas. Prendergast (president), The Bishop of Wellington, Sir Robert Stout, W. T. Glasgow (vice-presidents), Messrs Robert Parker (conductor), T. H. Ritchey (secretary). A detailed account, with list of performances, may be found in the “N.Z. Cyclopaedia,” Vol. I., p. 438.

Musical Union officers for 1904: Mr. Wm. Gill (president), Mr. Robert Parker (conductor), Mr. J. W. Jack (treasurer), Mr. A. G. Kemp (hon. librarian), Mr. A. M. Lewis (hon. secretary), Mr. E. C. Cachemaille (asst.-secretary). This Society gave the inaugural performance at the opening of the Town Hall on Dec. 7th, 1904, at 3 p.m., performing Mendelssohn's “Hymn of Praise,” under Mr. Robert Parker's baton. The soloists were: Mrs. W. F. Parsons and Miss Phoebe Parsons, A.R.C.M., soprani; Mr. E. J. Hill, tenor; Herr Max Hoppe, leader of the orchestra; F. W. Rowley, A.R.C.O. organist. At 8 p.m. p.m. a miscellaneous concert was directed by Mr. Maughan Barnett. The soloists being Mrs Glover Eaton, L.R.A.M., Miss Lloyd Hassal, Herr Max Hoppe, and Mr. M. Barnett. The accompanists were Miss Taylor and Mr. Cyril Towsey. On Thursday and Friday evenings (8th and 9th) a children's festival chorus of 700 scholars, supplemented by a juvenile orchestra of thirty performers, and conducted by Mr. Robert Parker, rendered British songs in a manner that elicited much applause and enthusiasm from the large audiences. The juvenile orchestra, trained by Mr. L. E. Ward for the occasion, were recalled for their separate item “March Flambeaux,” played under his baton. The accompanist for this item was Mr. F. W. Rowley (organ temporarily erected by Mr. A. Hobday). A handsomely illustrated souvenir, showing photographs of the soloists and officials, was prepared for the event. Reproductions of photos of the audience, etc., were published in the “N.Z. Mail,” 14th Dec., 1904.

A photograph of the children's choir and orchestra, taken by Mr. Schaef at an afternoon rehearsal, lies before the writer. In the foreground of the picture may be seen Mr. Robert Parker. The names of some of the children in the orchestra (writing from memory—alas, some have paid the supreme sacrifice at the Great War of 1914–18) are: Misses M. Symonds, M. Marshall, C. Stokes, L. Banks, K. Chemis and — Bird, Masters E. and G. Richards, Keith Kilgour Ward, J. Palmer, Clifford Baker, N. and T. Scott, L. Winter, Chas. Monaghan, L. Grigg, Phil England, Jack Ewing, N. Oliver, — Drury, C. Hanning and Eric Waters (at the piano). Messrs A. M. Lewis and L. E. Ward are in the background.

A report of the proceedings may be found in the “Evening Post,” dated 9th December, 1904.

The Harmonic Society,.—Conductor, Mr. H. Temple-White; President, Hon. R. A. Wright, Minister for Education; Mrs. Coventry pianiste, and Mr. Victor Bennett hon. secretary and treasurer.

The Savage Club Orchestra, established in 1905, has a membership of about 40, including four of the original members, viz., Messrs. F. Grady, C. Palmer, R. Herd, L. E. Ward, and Mr. W. S. D. Best. Former conductors were Herr Max Hoppe, Lieut. Herd, and D. Kenny. Mr. Frank Thomas (Hutt) is (1929) conductor.

The Society of Musicians were established in 1907. The officers for 1926–27 are: Mr. E. Douglas-Taylor, president; Mr. R. Parker, president emeritus; Miss V. Corliss and Mr. L. F. Watkins, vice-presidents; Mr. F. G. Cray, hon. secretary and treasurer; Messrs. C. W. Kerry, L. Barnes, Robt. Parker, Harrison Cook, H. Temple-White, E. C. Alderson and Mrs. Meir, council; Mr. R. H. H. Webb, hon. solicitor; Mr. J. H. N. Jack, hon. auditor.

The Orpheus Society, Mr. Len Barnes, conductor (Mr. Harrison Cook, 1929); Miss H. Rowe, accompaniste; Mr. R. V. Robertson, hon. secretary.

Music at Public Schools.—Musical director, Mr. Douglas Taylor, who is the author of “The Secret of Successful Practice,” etc. (Vide “Evening Post,” 8th January, 1926.)

The 2YA Studio and Broadcasting Station was established in 1927. The opening concert programme appears in the “Evening Post,” July 7th, 1927. The performers were: The Salvation Army Citadel Silver Band; official opening address by the Right. Hon. J. G. Coates, Prime Minister of New Zealand; song, Miss M. Sawyer; address by the Hon. W. Nosworthy, Postmaster General; instrumental trio, Miss Ava Symons, Messrs. Gordon Short and Geo. Ellwood; address by His Worship the Mayor of Wellington, Mr. G. A. Troup; song, Mr. W. W. Marshall; violin solo, Mr. L. J. de Mauny; songs, Miss N. Greene; song (“The Old Spinet”) Mr. W. Renshaw; Municipal Tramways Band (march); Petone Maori Maidens, (“Waiata Maori,” Alfred Hill); Mr. J. W. Goer and party (Hawaiian trio); Mr. Boardman and Miss Sawyer (duet); song, Signor L. Cesaroni; flute solo, Signor A. P. Truda.

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Professional Orchestra.—This orchestra, comprising some Savage Club members of the orchestra, held its first practice on the 7th November, 1905. Conductor, Herr Max Hoppe; secretary, Mr. Frank Oakes. A few of the members of this orchestra are valuable acquisitions to the Professional Orchestra now in operation under the baton of Mr. de Mauny. Some former conductors of this fine body of musicians were Messrs. H. Moschini, E. Bloy, and Crowther.

Other musical organisations in operation in 1927 are:—

The Royal Choral Society, successfully conducted for several years by Mr. H. Temple-White. The president is Mr. A. L. Wilson; treasurer, Mr. W. O. Bock; accompaniste, Miss Dorothy Mills; leader of orchestra, Miss Anderson. Mr. Harrison Cook acted as chorus master for the performance of Verdi's “Aida,” conducted by Mr. Colin Muston, of Auckland, on the 5th November, 1927. Mr. A. Don acted in the same capacity for the “Messiah” concert (1927), conducted by Mr. Maughan Barnett.

Public Band Performances.

Subsidised Bands.—The City has four band rotundas: one at Oriental Bay, one at Newtown Park, one at the Botanical Gardens, and one at Lyall Bay. Band performances are given at regular intervals throughout the year at the various parks and seaside resorts, the Council subsidising six local bands, the amount of the subsidy being £50 per band per annum. The bands at present subsidised are: Jupp's Silver Band, the Wellington Artillery Band, the Wellington Tramways Municipal Band, the 1st Battalion Band, the Central Mission Silver Band and the Wellington Caiedonian Society's Pipe Band. The Council also undertake the cost of advertising the performances. (City Year Book, 1928.)

Modern Drama.—The National Repertory Theatre Society gave its first performance (“Pygmalion”) on the 20th May, 1926. The officers of the society were: Hon. C. P. Skerrett (patron), Mr. D. M. Findlay (president), Miss H. Miles, Messrs W. M. Page, E. S. Baldwin, S. Natusch (committee), F. C. Facer (treasurer), F. H. Burden (secretary), Mr. Leo Du Chateau (director). Executive (1928): Sir Charles Skerrett (patron), Messrs. W. M. Page (president), D. M. Findlay, E. S. Baldwin, W. S. Wauchop (vice-pres.), Mrs. J. Hannah, Messrs. W. S. Wauchop, W. Simm, V. Rhind (committee), F. C. Faser (treasurer), Harrison Cook (secretary and director).

Music Teachers.—The representatives of the Music Teachers Registration Board (created in 1928) comprise the following: Messrs. R. Parker and L. F. Watkins (Wellington), Wm. Hutchens (Wanganui), J. H. Runicles (Palmerston North), H. B. Coney and S. K. Philips (Auckland), A. J. Merton and S. Williamson (Canterbury), V. E. Galway and Charles Gray (Otago).

The Navy League was founded in London in January, 1895. The Wellington Branch was established in May, 1901, with the late Hon. J. G. W. Aitken as president, and Mr. C. W. Palmer as hon. secretary. Sir Alexander Roberts is (1928) president, and Mr. Robert Darroch, secretary.

On the 28th November, 1851, a meeting of the New Zealand Society was held, at which Sir George Grey presided. Amongst other matters, the report that gold had been discovered at the Upper Hutt was considered. New members were elected; these were: Rev R. Taylor, M. A., Messrs. V. Smith, J. Roy, C.E., and Lieut. Paul, 65th Regt. A collection of ores and minerals from Adelaide, South Australia, donated by Mr. J. H. Wallace; ores from Cornwall, donated by Mr. G. Hart, Captain Deck and Mr. S. E. Grimstone; and an engraving of the Moko by Mr W. B. Mantell, were received. The society was inaugurated to promote the advancement of science, literature and art, and the development of the resources of the colony. Sir George Grey was its founder and first president. (A. and N.Z. Gaz., 1/5/52; N.Z. Ency., Vol. I., p. 434.)

New Zealand Institute.—The first Scientific Society in New Zealand was founded in 1851, the first president being Sir George Grey, K.C.B., D.C.L. It was named the “New Zealand Society,” and was located in Wellington. The Almanac of 1852 gives Mr. E. Robert's name as secretary. In 1866 the president was Sir Geo. Grey; treasurer, W. M. Bannatyne; secretary, W. B. Mantell.

The New Zealand Institute was established under an Act of the General Assembly of New Zealand, intituled, “The New Zealand Institute Act, 1867.” The Institute commenced with four branch societies in 1869, and only 258 members. But there were eight societies affiliated (1897), and in 1881 there were 1327 members. The Wellington Philosophical Society was one of the affiliated societies incorporated 10th June, 1868. The Board of Governors in 1896 comprised His Excellency the Governor and the Hon. the Colonial Secretary (ex officio). Nominated: Mr. W. L. T. Travers F.L.S., Sir James Hector, K.C.M.G., M.D., F.R.S., Messrs. W. M. Maskell, Thos. Mason, E. Tregear F.R.G.S. Elected: Messrs. Jas. McKerrow, F.R.A.S., S. Percy Smith, F.R.G.S., Major-Gen. Schaw, C.B., B.E. Manager, Sir Jas. Hector; hon. treasurer, Mr. W. T. L. Travers: secretary, Mr. R. B. Gore. (Ency. N.Z., p. 175.)

The N.Z. Public Service Association was established in 1890. The Rev. W. J. Habens. B.A., was president in 1895; Col. Hume and Messrs. H. W. Northcrop, H. W. Bishop, and C. W. S. Chamberlain, vice-presidents: Messrs. H. Pollen, treasurer; and F. Hartmann, secretary.

Nursing Guild of St. John.—1928: Patroness, Her Excellency Lady Alice Fergusson; president, Mrs. Albert Hase; vice-presidents, Mrs. S. D. Tripe, Mrs. A. A. Corrigan; committee, page 499 Mesdames W. Young, W. J. Osborn, T. B. Strong, G. Barltrop, E. Balcombe-Brown, Misses E. Young and Littlejohn; hon. secretary and treasurer, Miss E. Rowley; trustees, Messrs. W. H. Sefton, G. A. Troup, O. S. Watkin, More-house, T. M. Wilford, Mrs. E. Balcombe-Brown.

The Philatelic Society was established in 1888. Its officers in 1895 were: The Postmaster-General (president), Messrs. E. G. Pilcher (vice-president), L. A. Sanderson (hon. secretary and treasurer), Messrs A. T. Bate, H. J. Knowles and F. Lawrenson. The organ of the Society was the “Australian Philatelist.” The membership was 55. (N.Z. Cyc., Vol. I., p. 432.)

The Pioneer Club, as its name implies, was the first women's club established in any of the cities of New Zealand. It was opened on July 30th, 1909 in Winder's buildings, corner of Cuba and Manners Streets, and later removed to Hannah's premises, Lambton Quay. The first president was Miss Mary Richmond, daughter of the late Judge Richmond, and the first secretary, Miss Amy Kane, daughter of the late W. R. Kane, Esq., of the Bank of New Zealand. The present president is Miss Amy Kane (the first secretary in 1909). Mrs. M. Gillman is the present secretary.

The Polynesian Society was formed in 1892 to promote the study of anthropology, ethnology, philology, history, and antiquities of the Polynesian race. The president in 1895 was the Right Rev. W. L. Williams, Bishop of Waiapu. Messrs. J. C. Martin, H. D. Johnson, Elsdon Best, E. Tregear, F.R.G.S., F.R.Hist.S., S. Percy Smith F.R.G.S., and the Rev. W. J. Habens B.A. (council). The joint secretaries and treasurers were Messrs. Tregear and S. Percy Smith. (Ibid.)

Prevention of Cruelty to Animals.—President, Mr. F. Meadowcroft; secretary and treasurer, Mr. A. M. Anderson, F.P.A., N.Z.; inspector, Capt. J. Henry.

Returned Soldiers' Association.—President, Col. G. T. Hall, C.M.G., C.B.E., (T.D.); vice-president, Lt.-Col. H. E. Avery, D.S.O.; hon. treasurer, Mr. B. Egley; secretary, Major J. T. Watson, C.B.E. (T.D.); committee, Capt. R. H. Nimmo, Messrs. H. W. Cave, H. E. K. Browne, H. T. Marshall, L. J. Maude, F. Gillham, P. Barcham, H. W. Stephenson, A. Gorton.

Rotary Club.—President, D. S. Smith; treasurer, G. D. Hall; secretary, H. Amos; Sergeant-at-arms, N. E. Denniston; vice-president, D. J. McGowan; board of directors, C. E. Blarner, J. Hislop, S. A. Longuet, J. I. Martin, F. W. Vosseler, C. E. Wheeler.

South African Veterans' Assn.

At a meeting called by the president of the Dominion Executive of the South African War Veterans' Association at the Dominion Farmers' Institute on November 18, 1920, the following officers were elected:—Sir Alfred Robin, (patron), Major T. P. Haipin (president), Lieut.-Colonel D. C. Bates and Captain J. J. Clark (vice-presidents), Messrs. A. S. Houston, R. A. Wilson, C. E. Clifford, J. H. E. Tilling, J. Watt, H. Hooper, G. E. Taylor, A. Dieker and S. Munn (committee), Mr. W. A. Edwards (secretary and treasurer), Rev. A. W. H. Compton (chaplain).

The official publication of the Association, Vol. 1, 1925, contains an illustration of His Excellency the Governor-General (General Sir Charles Fergusson), patron; and the Dominion Executive for that year, Colonel Fitzherbert, C.B., C.M.G., life member; Mr. J. A. Simson, president; Colonel E. G. Fraser, Captain J. J. Clark and D. A. Falconer, C.B.E., vice-presidents; Rev. Canon Compton, Lieutenant-Colonel D. C. Bates, Sergt.-Major T. Fletcher, Captain J. J. Clark and Mr. D. M. McIntyre, committee; Mr. J. H. E. Tilling, hon. secretary and treasurer.

At the annual re-union of the Wellington Branch, 1925, Col. G. T. Hall and Major J. T. Watson, of the R.S.A., Sergt.-Major Mahony and “Billy” Hardham, V.C., were entertained, and the following officers were elected:— Generals Robin and Hart, patrons; Captain J. J. Clark, president; Colonel D. C. Bates, Major Hardham, V.C., and Captain Henry, vice-presidents; Rev. Compton, chaplain; Messrs. McColl, Wilson, Francis, Tilling, McIntyre, Fletcher, Riley, Duncan and Edwards, committee, and Mr. E. C. Clifford, secretary.

St. John Ambulance Association.

President for New Zealand, His Excellency the Governor-General; president for Wellington Centre, His Excellency the Governor-General; vice-presidents, His Worship the Mayor, Mr. G. A. Troup, Bishop Sprott, Archbishop Redwood, Lady Luke, Drs. S. Harcourt, Arthur and R. O. Whyte; chairman, James W. Jack; committee, C. S. Falconer, James W. Jack, J. Hutcheson, Major E. Vine, W. W. Dutton, F. W. Ward, Mrs. Gaby, Mrs. Helyer, Mrs. Barltrop, Mrs. Preston, Mrs. Stace and Miss A. D. Rennie; secretary, Harold C. W. Blick, A.P.A.N.Z.; hon. treasurer, Colonel J. J. Esson; hon. auditors, James Kellow and Son, F.P.A.N.Z.; hon. solicitors, Perry and Perry. Office, 54 Willis Street.

Social Clubs.

The Pickwick Club was the first club of this kind to be formed. It was founded on 2nd October, 1840, at Barrett's Hotel (Hotel Cecil site). Rules were printed by Samuel Revans. The entrance fee was fixed at £25, with an annual subscription of £5. The trustees were: Messrs. W. V. Brewer, H. St. Hill, J.P., and Wm. Guyton. Geo. Hunter, J.P., was treasurer, and Major Baker secretary. Colonel Wakefield, J.P., Captain Daniell, Messrs. Jas. Watt, Michael Murphy, P.M., and J. C. Crawford were the committee. It was confined to members and friends only, and they met every page 500 Tuesday evening at 7 o'clock, at Mr. W. Elsdon's Commercial Inn and Tavern. Some of the members were: Major Durie, Major Hornbrook, J. Wade, Captain Hay, Henry Taylor, Robert Waitt and James Smith.

Wellington Club, it is said, was originally founded in 1840, when it was named the Wake-field Club, in honour of Col. Wakefield. It was then situated on Lambton Quay, nearly opposite the Government Departmental Buildings, in the premises since occupied by Messrs. Warnock and Adkins. This name was retained until 1862, when Dr. Featherston was president and Mr. W. B. D. Mantell, secretary.

The present building on The Terrace was built and opened in 1877. The trustees in 1895 were Colonel Pearce, president; F. D. (Sir Dillon) Bell, Esq., vice-president: Messrs. W. C. Buchanan, F. A. Krull, Jas. McKerrow, J. E. Nathan, C. B. Izard, C. Pharazyn, G. Tolhurst, Sir G. Clifford, Bart., Messrs. A. de B. Brandon, J. R. Blair, J. Duncan, R. M. Simpson, P. Parfitt, J. Ross and Colonel Fox, committee; Mr. N. W. Werry, secretary and manager. The present president is Mr. H. F. Johnston, solicitor; and secretary, Mr. H. D. Linton.

Central Club, established about 1880, occupied part of the old Oddfellows' Hall (T. and G. Building) in 1895. The directors then were: Messrs C. A. Knapp (chairman), John Young, T. G. Macarthy, E. Mason and G. H. Harbroe. Mr. A. I. Masters, secretary and manager. (Cyclopaedia, Vol. 1, p. 409).

Wellesley Club was founded in 1891, the first president was Sir Francis Bell, K.C.M.G., K.C., until 1911. The present president is Sir Chas. Skerrett, K.C.M.G., K.C., from 1912. Mr. F. Hartman was the first secretary, and the present secretary is Mr. R. E. Bennett.

The Wellington Commercial Travellers' and Warehousemen's Association, 10–12 Victoria Street. The name suggests a strictly business significance, and could very appropriately have underneath it in parenthesis: “The Brotherhood of Men,” on account of its charitable organisations throughout the Dominion. Space is limited wherein to extol the virtues of the brotherhod, which, apart from the good nature, patience and comradeship of its members amongst themselves and the public, is known by its good works and charitable organisations. The inaugural meeting of the club was held in Room 11, Athenaeum Exchange Buildings, Plimmer's Steps, in 1891, when Messrs. G. Davis, J. McNeill, J. McEldowney, G. and T. W. Witt, A. C. Stevenson, C. Biss, and others, met and chose Mr. Gaynor Griffiths as chairman. The latter was elected first president, and Mr. J. J. Reich first secretary. Other presidents in turn have been:—Messrs. J. Duthie. J. Ross, D. J. Nathan, J. Newton, D. Jones, H. Beauchamp, E. C. E. Mills, H. C. Tewsley, W. G. Duthie. G. Pirie. W. J. Bridson, F. W. Manton, W. F. Cuthbertson, A. C. Croll, R. Wilson, W. Higgins, H. Wright, E. A. Little T. E. James, and A. Jacobs (1928). The secretaries were:—J. J. Reich. W. Clayton, O. R. Bendall, Colonel S. Newall. J. G. Chambers, J. C. Penrice, A. J. Carlton and R. E. Selby (1919–1928). The Male Voice Choir, a fine combination, is conducted by Mr. H. Temple White. Mr. W. H. Fordham, long known as “The Father of the Road,” arrived in Wellington in 1867, and travelled the road for about 50 years. Mr. Fordham died on the 20th January, 1924, in his 80th year. The latest list of members is given in the February (1928) issue of their excellent periodical “The New Zealand Traveller.”

Savage Club. The idea of a social club, to foster good fellowship amongst professional men and others, and welcome notable visitors to Wellington, was conceived in the mind of Mr. George Toogood about twenty-four years ago, when he and a few kindred spirits used to meet in a room reserved for them in the Nag's Head Hotel (Alhambra), in Cuba Street, every Saturday evening, and indulge in a sing song, etc. Mr. J. M. Clark, the well-known elocutionist, was consulted, a meeting was held and a provisional committee, comprising, among others, Messrs. Morris Fox, J. M. Clark, T. Wilford (M.P.) and A. M. de Costa, met in Mr. Wilford's office. Another meeting, convened by circular, was held at the Empire Hotel, when a Savage Club, somewhat on the lines of the London Savage Club, was formed. The following officers were elected:—Dr. Collins, Mr. J. Duthie, M.H.R., Dr. Mason, Prof, Easterfield and C. P. Skerrett, vice-presidents; and Hon. T. K. MacDonald, Messrs. T. M. Wilford, M.H.R., H. Von Haast, J. M. Clark, Dr. A. W. Izard, C. Wilson, A. M. de Costa and W. H. Honey; treasurer, Geo. Toogood; secretary, James (Jimmy) Dykes.

The orchestra, a vital adjunct to the Club, held its first practise on the 31st March, 1905, in the large upstair room of the Dresden (Bristol) Piano Co's. rooms, but recently demolished. The following members (quoting from the writer's diary of that date) were:—Herr Max Hoppe, conductor; Messrs. C. W. Palmer, J. H. Rowley, W. S. Best, C. Von Haast. — Oppler (violins); F. Grady. L. E. Ward and Wolfgang (violas), H. M. McFarlane, H. A. Huggins and Levvey ('cellos); S. Cimino (bass); C. Hill, — Lucy and Thompson (flutes); F. W. Ward (clarinet); A. Grabham (bassoon); F. J. Oakes (cornet); R. Herd (trombone); C. Towsey (drums), and L. Watkins (piano). Some of the committee, Messrs. Dykes. Toogood and Honey, were present. On Saturday, 1st. April, 1905, the Masonic Hall, Boulcott Street, was filled with Savages (in evening dress), who hilariously installed Dr. Collins as Chief Savage. A procession was formed, comprising some of the chief members, wearing Maori mats and carrying spears, etc. A haka was danced, and items were given by the following:—Savages Collins. J. Duthie, Dr. Findlay, T. K. Macdonald (speeches); P. Hockley, Portus, Mee, Wilford. page 501 H. Von. Haast (songs): C. Towsey (piano solo); J. M. Clark and Geo. Toogood (elocutionary items); Leslie (ab-original sketch): — Watt (k-nocturne); orchestra (Floradora selection). Mr. Harlen, war correspondent of the London “Chronicle,” was a guest of the evening, and recounted some of his experiences at the seat of war.

The first invitation korero was held in the Town Hall on the 17th. May, 1905. Chief Savage, Dr. Collins, presided. The following Chief Savages have occupied the chair from the Club's inception:—Dr. Collins, 1905; Lord Plunket, 1906; Sir J. Findlay, 1907; Professor Easterfield, 1908; Mr. T. M. Wilford (M.P.), 1909; Colonel Collins, 1910; Lord Islington, 1911: General Godley, 1912; Dr. Newman, 1913; Sir Joseph Ward, 1914; Messrs. F. J. Courtney, 1915; M. Marks, 1916; A. W. Newton, 1917; Rt. Hon. W. F. Massey, 1918; Mr. J. P. Firth, 1919; Mr. W. R. Morris, 1920; Earl Jellicoe, 1921–1924; Sir Charles Fergusson (Ariki-nui), 1925–1928; J. Hislop, 1925; Messrs. E. A. Blundell. 1926; and G. W. Magnus, 1927; Wm. Perry, 1929; R. K. Lyon (secretary); F. Thomas (accompanist).

Orphans' Club was established in 1910, the first president being Dr. Izard. The secretary was Mr. R. Keenan; treasurer. Mr. A. G. Batt, and the musical conductor, Herbert Bloy. The executive for 1927 were:—Messrs. M. A. Carr, president, or Chief Orphan; A. Stanley Warwick, secretary; J. H. McIlroy, treasurer and H. Godier, musical director.

Social Club. This club was founded in 1893, under the name of the Temperance Club, but this name was changed in 1895. Messrs. J. S. Edwards, president; Messrs. G. Bedford and T. M. Collins, vice-presidents; and A. Pearson, A. W. Curtis, A. Hutton, L. Giles, J. P. Welsted and H. S. Hood constituted the executive. Dr. Teare and Mr. W. H. Gaudin (trustees), G. Crichton (treasurer), and C. W. Longuet.

Wellington Women's Club was established July, 1924. The first president was Lady Pomare, and the hon. secretary Mrs. Ormond Cooper. The president for 1928 is Lady Findlay, and the secretary is Miss H. J. Holywell.

Women's Club, Lambton Quay, was established in 1896. Mrs. Grant was manager, and Miss Lee, secretary.

Working Men's Club and Literary Institute was established in 1877, in rooms over the old Evening “Post” corner (near Stewart Dawson's). A move was made to Harding's corner (now Perrett's), Manners and Willis Street, and since 1893 have occupied their present building in Victoria Street. The secretary is Mr. Hugh Douglas.

Social Welfare Clubs.

The trustees of the Aged Needy Society in 1885 were:—The Rev. H. Van Staveren, chairman; Messrs.' T. W. McKenzie, J. Collins, G. H. Baylis, C. E. W. Willeston, R. C. Kirk. Frederick Bradey and R. Mothes. The secretary was Mr. A. G. Johnson. (Cyclopaedia of N.Z., Vol. 1, p. 359.) The present Committee (1928) are:—Mr. G. Petherick (Chairman); Mrs. H. B. Chapman, Mrs. Hirst, F. J. Evans, W. J. Helyer, G. Petherick, H. W. Kersley, J. Brown and F. Meadowcroft.

Society for the Protection of Women and Children. Patroness, Lady Alice Fergusson; vice-patroness, Lady Stout; president, Mrs. Sprott; vice-presidents, Lady Chapman, Mesdames Evans, Kirkcaldie and Chatfield; hon. treasurer, Mrs. Line; secretary, Miss C. E. Kirk.

War Relief Association of Wellington (Executive):—President, G. A. Troup (Mayor of Wellington); chairman, L. O. H. Tripp; vice-chairman, C. M. Luke; members, L. O. H. Tripp, G. A. Troup (Mayor of Wellington), Sir John P. Luke, C.M.G., M.P., C. M. Luke, D. McLaren, C. Watson, G. Shirtcliffe, A. Veitch, Alex. Macintosh, Colonel G. Mitchell and S. J. Harrison (R.S.A.); trustees, Mayor of Wellington and Sir John P. Luke, C.M.G., M.P.; secretary and treasurer, A. O. Leach.

Winter Show Association.

Established February, 1924. Patron, His Excellency the Governor-General, Viscount Jellicoe; president, Rt. Hon. W. F. Massey, Prime Minister; chairman, Sir John Luke; vice-chairman, Mr. John Myers; treasurer, Mr. G. Shirtcliffe; secretary, Colonel G. Mitchell. 1927–28 officers:—Patron, His Excellency the Governor-General, Sir Charles Fergusson; vice-patron, Rt. Hon. J. G. Coates, Prime Minister; president, Mr. C. J. B. Norwood; chairman, Mr. R. H. Nimmo; vice-chairman, Mr. F. G. Cray; treasurer, Mr. J. I. Goldsmith; executive, Messrs. W. Stuart Wilson, J. H. Burgoyne-Thomas, D. J. McGowan, B. Egley, W. M. Bolt, G. Slade, L. A. George, A. Sando and T. Waugh; manager, Colonel G. Mitchell.

Workers' Educational Association. President, Mr. F. D. Cornwall; vice-president, Mr. J. McCallum; secretary, Mr. J. Read. Professor T. A. Hunter, M.A., M.Sc. (N.Z.).

Y.M.C.A.Mr. James Smith convened a meeting of those interested in the formation of a Young Men's Christian Association, in the year 1866. The meeting was held in Miss Kinniburg's schoolroom, when Mr. Jonas Woodward was elected president and Mr. J. Carley secretary. Mr. James Smith was elected vice-president for that year, and president in the following one. The president for 1928 is Mr. W. J. Mason, and the secretary is Mr. L. J. Greenberg.

Young Women's Association commenced its operations in September, 1906, under the leadership of Miss Sorely. Among page 502 those holding offices for lengthy periods as presidents have been:—Miss McLean, M.A.; Mesdames A. P. Webster, R. Pearson and D. O. McClay (still in office). The secretaries have been Misses Sorely, Jean Wilson, Florence Birch and Elizabeth Dunlop, the latter still being in office. The membership, of one hundred in 1906, has increased to one thousand in 1927–28. The home in Boulcott Street was purchased in 1916, and the first hostel, in McDonald Crescent, was opened in February, 1911. Her Excellency Lady Alice Fergusson is Dominion patroness (v. booklet 21st. Annual Report).

Zoological Society. Patron, Sir Robert Stout, K.C.M.G.; vice-patron, His Worship the Mayor of Wellington, Mr. G. A. Troup; president, T. Fathers, J.P.; vice-presidents, The Ven. Archdeacon Devoy, the Rev. J. T. Pinfold, D.D., Dr. E. Gordon Anderson, Sir John P. Luke, C.M.G., M.P., Hon. R. A. Wright, M.P., Messrs. R. Brown, E. Read, H. A. Parkinson, M.A., R. Darroch and W. A. Worth, J.P.; hon. secretary and treasurer, J. Castle, J.P.; hon. auditor, Mr. R. Brown. (City Year Book.)

Sports Clubs.

The names, when established, and further information about the various clubs may be obtained from the Cyclopaedia of N.Z., pp. 415–431, lodged in the Public Library Reference Room, or General Assembly Library, etc. They are summarised as under:—

Amateur Athletic Club, 1889. Boating (Star), 1865; Bowling (Newtown) 1893, Thorndon —, Wellington, 1886; boxing champions, 1926–27, G. Evatt and A. J. Cleverly (“Free Lance,” 11/5/27).

Caledonian Sports. The “Free Lance,” Sept. 15, 1926, in its Rugby football articles, mentions that: “Douglas Maclean (now Sir Douglas), has been a keen sport at the Caledonian gathering, which has all along had his patronage and assistance. Now-a-days he is chief of the Highland Society, president of the Boxing and Wrestling Association of Hawke's Bay, and also president of the Navy League.

Cricket. The “New Zealand Journay,” 31/7/47, copying from “The Spectator,” states:—“A match came off yesterday at Thorndon Flat, between those in the pay of the Government and the Unpaid. Tents were erected, and a substantial lunch provided for the cricketers by our friend the “Boniface of the Wellington.” The Paid obtained the victory by 26 runs. The batting of Waring was throughout excellent beyond all praise, and his bowling was first-rate. Clouts' bowling was admirable.”

In 1863, some of the players were:—Grey, G. Moore, W. H. Holmes, T. Harvey, L. Buck, C. Borlase, E. Taunton, — Barnard, S. Waters, J. C. Boddington, E. Baker, and W. Bromley. In 1865, a deputation, comprising some of the above, called on the Town Board with reference to the use of the reserve called the “Canal and Basin.” In 1868. a match was played at “Johnny Martin's” paddock (now part Jessie Street) between Volunteers and a crew of H.M.S. Falcon. The Basin was then divided by a drain, which was piped and covered in about 1870, when the Caledonian Society erected a grandstand and caretaker's cottage. Mr. Edward Dixon presented a clock for the grandstand in 1890. It was transferred to the new grandstand in 1927.

The “Independent” of the 8th. January, 1870, has a letter written by “One of the I. Zingari,” 6/1/70, with reference to a ground, vix.:—“As the Basin Reserve, Te Aro, has been converted into a permanent cricket ground, and a recreation ground for Caledonian' and other sports, and a gymnasium is contemplated there, I would suggest the propriety and advise young men, as well as the old ones, of Thorndon to commence at once and agitate for a piece of ground at that end of the city for the same purpose—at any rate for the purpose of practising and playing cricket matches on.… It is a fact that the public have seen some of the best matches played on a piece of ground (public property) commonly known as ClaphaMcs paddock. This is, I believe, a reserve in the hands of trustees, and it has been in contemplation to cut it up into allotments for leasing purposes.”

The various clubs were:—Midland, 1883; Phoenix, 1881; Rival, 1884 (Wellington prior to 1869). For season 1894, see illustration on p. 423 Cyclopaedia N.Z., Vol. 1.

Croquet Courts. Twelve greens have been formed for the use of those who have a liking for this class of recreation. The greens are let to the various clubs at an annual rental, the Council being responsible for upkeep.

Kelburn Croquet Courts. During the year a croquet pavilion has been erected at a cost of £1050, for the use of croquet players during the summer. This, with the five courts adjacent, makes an ideal centre for the croquet players to hold tournaments, etc. (City Year Book, 1926).

Cycling. The “Free Lance,” September 15, 1926, in its articles on Rugby football, etc., states: “Douglas Maclean won the first bicycle races ever held in Wellington, in connection with the Caledonian sports on the Basin Reserve. With another, over forty years ago, he rode across the Rimutaka Ranges to Masterton on his big wheel, and he did the long journey on his high bicycle to Napier, when the roads were much inferior to what they are now; very few of the rivers were bridged, and most of them had to be forded.”

Wellington Club, 1891 (see Cyclopaedia N.Z., p. 429 for illustration). Prominent riders 1926–27 are C. Flett and T. Oakley* (“Free Lance,” 11/8/1927.)

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Fig. 311.—Fifty Years of Speed. Cyclist of 1870: “Well, at any rate, we could see something of the country.”

Fig. 311.—Fifty Years of Speed. Cyclist of 1870: “Well, at any rate, we could see something of the country.”

Fig. 312.—Sir Douglas Maclean, a cyclist of the 'Seventies, congratulating Standen, the Australian champion cyclist, 1928.

Fig. 312.—Sir Douglas Maclean, a cyclist of the 'Seventies, congratulating Standen, the Australian champion cyclist, 1928.

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Football.

Mr. J. C. Monro, of Palmerston North, writing in the “Free Lance,” 1st April, 1925, p. 40, gives an account of football matches in 1862. “The first match,” he writes, “was held at Nelson in 1868.”

“It was a kind of Soccer, when Rugby was unknown.

“A football club was formed in Nelson, and some hybrid rules, imported from Melbourne, were played.

“The first interprovincial match was held on a vacant section off Hobson Street.”

On Saturday, September 10th, Messrs. Monro and Barry Goring walked out to Lower Hutt to erect goal posts in one of LudlaMcs paddocks. The Nelson team arrived by the “Tuna,” and on Monday, Prosser's drays took the team to the Hutt. Owing to previous rain the ground was too wet to play there, so they played at Petone (locality of the railway station). The team was led by Captain J. C. R. Isherwood.

The last game under Melbourne rules, which had been introduced by C. D. McIntosh, and which were known as “Blackfellows” game by Rugbyians, was that of June 24th.

A reference to the game in its early stages is made in Chapter XV. The history of the Association is set out in detail on p. 424, Cyclopaedia N.Z., together with illustrations of the Athletic, 1877–1895; Poneke, 1883–1892; and Wellington, 1870–1895; Melrose, 1887; Petone, 1889. The junior class in 1895 were: Oriental, Selwyn, St. Patrick's College, and Wellington College; and the Wednesday clubs were the Drapers, Pirates, and United Tradesmen. A series of articles in the “Free Lance,” commencing August, 1926, on “Our Rugby Champions, Veterans of Early Days,” written by “Touchline,” carry one's mind back to the early football struggles at the Basin and Newtown Park. Portraits accompany some of the articles, amongst which are Sid Nicholls, Poneke captain (1883); Colonel G. F. C. Campbell (1875); the first secretary Athletic Club, C. J. Monro (1870). First Nelson match.—The Nelson team being: Drew, Tennant, Butt, Clark, Burnes, Adams, Otterson, Cross, Hill, Blundell, Williamson, Monro, W. and T. Nicholson, and another. The Wellington team comprised: Isherwood, Ollivier, Beetham, Park, Nation, Beale, Crampton, Travers, Baker, Hoggard, Vivian, Prosser and McAra. Other names mentioned as playing in the second match against Nelson are: Maclean, Cockburn-Hood, Monro, Park, Gore, James, Riddiford, Arthur and Bishop.

Golf.—A club was formed in 1895. Its officers for that year were: His Excellency the Earl of Glasgow, president; Mr. L. O. H. Tripp, secretary; Mr. J. Duncan, treasurer; Mr. T. T. Wardrop, captain; Messrs. Martin Chapman, D. R. Caldwell, D. B. Howden and E. Jackson: Mrs. H. D. Bell, captain ladies' division; Miss Duncan, secretary; Miss G. Hutchinson, Mrs. A. D. Crawford, and officers (committee). The “Free Lance,” 11/5/1927, shows the amateur golf champion (Mr. A. D. S. Duncan) and the cup. Also, Mr. A. J. Shaw, open golf champion for season 1926–27. Both are Wellington players.

High Jump champion, 1926–27, Mr. Frederick Bradey (junr.) The first New Zealand amateur to clear 6ft. (“Free Lance,” 11/5/27). Mr. Bradey is the great-grandson of Mr. Francis Bradey, the Pahautanui old identity, who arrived in Wellington in 1840.

Hockey.—All Blacks champions (1928): A. Burton, K. Perrin (captain), Ireland, C. Watts, R. Butler, G. Fletcher, D. Woodfield, N. R. Jacobson, A. Mahoney, H. Hore, E. Watts, S. Bell, and G. Soper (“Free Lance,” 11/5/27).

Jump (broad), 21ft. 8in.; and putting the shot, 37ft. 6 1/2in.—E. G. Sutherland, 1926–27 (“Free Lance,” 11/5/27).

Pigeon Shooting.—The first pigeon shooting match, between George Duppa, Esq., and the Hon. Arthur Petre, was held at Te Aro, in 1846, the terms being 18 birds each, at 20 yards rise, with the usual bounds. It was the first attempt to introduce this amusement in New Zealand. The pigeons were of English breed. The Pigeon Flying Club, 1891; Poultry, Pigeon and Canary Society, 1881.

Polo Club, established 1894.—(Cyclopaedia N.Z., Vol. 1, p. 430.)

Rifle Shooting.—(Fig. 313 Reuben King).

Racing Club, established 1840–42, and 1875.

Rifle Shooting was established 1872. Lieut. Mark Maxton of Greytown, kindly sent the writer a photo of the first membership card, showing his success, and particulars.

Rowing. The Wellington Rowing Club was established in 1884. The champion four-oared crew of 1889–90 were: Messrs. W. Bridson, E. J. Rose, T. Sullivan and T. McKay. The Star Boating Club was established in 1865. Its first quarters are shown in the early pictures of Brandon's Corner and the Government Reserve (now the Parliamentary lawn). These were moved with the progress of reclamation, first to the site of Victoria Street, near the Empire, and later to the site, shown in the Cyclopaedia of N.Z., Vol. 1, p. 417, wherein full information about the club and its officers in 1895 is given. The “Dominion,” 28/3/1928, shows Wellington's intended Olympic representative, H. F. McLean, who started rowing with the Star Boating Club last season, and rowed as a novice. An article by “Sculls” on the Halyburton Johnston Shield race for 1928 is given in the same issue.

Runners. Successful Wellington runners during the season 1926–27 were: Randolph Rose (1, 2 and 3 mile Australasian record), J. T. Fleming (440yds.), and Misses Porter, Swinburne, Stephenson and Manttan (Ladies' relay team). Miss Manttan is the 100yds. ladies' champion; time, 11 3–5sec. (an Australasian record).

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Sailing and Yacht Clubs. The Arawa Sailing Club's officers in 1895 were:—Messrs. T. Y. Wardrop (commodore), and C. M. Banks (Cyclopaedia N.Z., Vol. 1, p. 416–418).

The Port Nicholson Yacht Club was formed in 1883. Its club room was in the Empire Hotel in 1895, the officers being:—Messrs. E. W. Mills (commodore), G. Mee (vice-commodore), J. H. Jack (treasurer), J. B. Speed (secretary).

The Thorndon Yacht Club was formed in 1889, the shed stood on Thorndon Quay. The captain for 1895 was Mr. Martin Chapman; the secretary and treasurer, Mr. A. E. Dean. “The Season's Yachting,” an article by “Nereus.” for 1927–28, may be found in the “Dominion,” 28/3/1928.

Swimming.—A club was established in 1894 by Messrs. R. C. Renner, T. Evans, J. Driscoll and E. J. Fleming. Officers in 1896 were:—Dr. Chapple, president; Sir Robert Stout, Sir H. D. Bell; Messrs, J. Duthie, W. Allen, T. Shields, vice-presidents: F. Pullen, captain, (Ency., Vol. I., p. 418.)

Tenis. The Thorndon Tennis Club was the only club affiliated to the Wellington Provincial Lawn Tennis Association. It was founded in 1881 as a proprietary club. The committee in 1895 were:—Messrs. F. A. and M. Kebble and C. S. Brandon. The champions for that year were: Miss Nunnelay and Mr. H. Parker (N.Z. Lawn Tennis Tournament). The Club champion for 1895 was Miss Kennedy. The champions for 1926–27 were Miss A. Howe (Wellington), C. Malfroy (Wellington), boy tennis champion, and Mr. E. D. Andrews (Palmerston North), tennis champion.

Trampers.—The Tararua Tramping Club was established by Mr. F. Vosseler in 1918. Mr. A. N. Smith (State Fire Office) is secretary.

Fig. 313.—This photo, was taken during the visit of the Duke and Duchess of York to Wellington, 1927. Mr. Reuben King, who will celebrate his hundredth birthday on the 7th August, 1929, was born at Icklington. Suffolk, England, and was married at All Saints Church, Islington. He is wearing medals won at Rifle shooting matches. The largest was won at the Trentham Rifle Range in 1873. Another was won, with £15 prize money, in 1873 for judging distance. The smallest medal was given by the Petone Rifle Club and presented by Mr. J. King. He is (1929) living at the Taita with his grand-daughter, Mrs. S. Peck.

Fig. 313.—This photo, was taken during the visit of the Duke and Duchess of York to Wellington, 1927. Mr. Reuben King, who will celebrate his hundredth birthday on the 7th August, 1929, was born at Icklington. Suffolk, England, and was married at All Saints Church, Islington. He is wearing medals won at Rifle shooting matches. The largest was won at the Trentham Rifle Range in 1873. Another was won, with £15 prize money, in 1873 for judging distance. The smallest medal was given by the Petone Rifle Club and presented by Mr. J. King. He is (1929) living at the Taita with his grand-daughter, Mrs. S. Peck.

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Fig. 314.—Part of Wellington's Waterfront and Reclaimed Land, 1928. The Sydney Street Cemetery is in the foreground. The Government Buildings (on reclaimed land), built in 1877, is the large building in the centre to the left. The Railway offices (gable roof) are behind. The Sallors' Friend Society and Rest Room is the building to the right with a gable roof and arched window. Kings Wharf to the extreme left, and Queens Wharf to the right. Oriental and Evans Bays are in the distance.

Fig. 314.—Part of Wellington's Waterfront and Reclaimed Land, 1928. The Sydney Street Cemetery is in the foreground. The Government Buildings (on reclaimed land), built in 1877, is the large building in the centre to the left. The Railway offices (gable roof) are behind. The Sallors' Friend Society and Rest Room is the building to the right with a gable roof and arched window. Kings Wharf to the extreme left, and Queens Wharf to the right. Oriental and Evans Bays are in the distance.

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Tiki.

The original sketch of the tiki reproduced on this page was drawn by Major-General Robley, at the advanced age of eighty-seven, and sent by him to Lady Maclean in 1927. The General wrote recently in a firm hand, giving his present address: c/o New Zealand Government Offices, 415 Strand, London, WC2.

Major-General Horatio Gordon Robley was born on the 28th June, 1840. Served in the Maori War, 1862–1866. He had a remarkable collection of baked Maori heads and Maori curios. Many of his illustrations and drawings appeared in “The Graphic,” “Illustrated London News.” “Punch,” “Cassell's,” etc. He also wrote books on “Moko, or New Zealand tattoo”; “Notes on New Zealand Greenstone,” etc.

Mr. Elsdon Best, has, at the writer's request, described the tiki as follows: “The grotesquely fashioned tiki may be viewed as a symbol of good fortune. To the Maori of yore it was a fructifying symbol, hence it was worn by women, and this fact also accounts for its peculiar form. The name it bears is that of a personification connected with fertility,”