Problems of 2 NZEF
Index
Index
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Advanced Base: In Palestine, 48, 52; in Tripoli, 58–9, 61, 62; in Italy, 68, 71, 78, 139–40; general, 139–40
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Anzac Corps, 25, 44–5
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Army Act. See Military law
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Bands, 251
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Base Kit Section, 143
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Base organisation: Early discussions on, 15; location of units, 20, 27; first outline of organisation, 22–3, 99–100; position in early 1941, 34–5; expansion later in 1941, 45; crisis 1942, 53; possible move to Italy, 69, 70, 144–5; HQ Maadi Camp formed, 41–2, 140; relations of HQ Maadi Camp with HQ 2 NZEF, 100, 107–9; size of base organisation, 34–5, 145–9, 151, 189–90; analysis of layout, 132–44; wanted at outset, 149–51, 273; special personnel for employment in, 196, 273; undesirables in, 183–5; men without field service in, 182; possible dilution with women, 65, 208
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Beer bar, in Cairo Club, 245
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British, definition of word, 5
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British Army: Interchange of commanders and staff with 2 NZEF, 178–9, 272; NZEF personnel commissioned into, 179–80; transfers from 2 NZEF, 179
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Broadcasting Unit, 30, 124, 125, 206
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Cables, 17
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Camp Commandant, 131
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Canteens: Inquiry 1940–41, 33, 247–8; distribution of stores, 247–8; manager, 82, 247; NAAFI, 14, 26, 33, 247–8, 250; profits, 248, 250
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Casualties: Letters of condolence to NZ, 40; wastage tables, 190–2; all campaigns, 292
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Censorship: Censor sections, 45, 130; press censor, 75; reports mid-1944, 76; reports, general, 131
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Charter, GOC's: Details and analysis, 16, 93–6; advantages of, 23, 158–9
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Christmas: Government subsidy for Christmas fare, 251; Christmas cards, 251
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Church Army: Agent of National Patriotic Fund Board, 235–7; position of personnel, 206
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Cinema Unit, 124, 125, 206
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Civilian appointments in New Zealand, 75
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Claims: From civilians, 262–3; claims uniformity committee, 40–1, 262
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Clerical duties: Shortage of clerks, 19, 45; women clerks, 65, 75, 209–10
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Clubs: Cairo, 33, 208–9, 244–5; Bari, 71, 208, 246; Rome, 77, 208, 246; Florence, 80, 246; Venice, 85, 87, 246; General Manager, 82, 246; beer bar in Cairo Club, 245
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Command of 2 NZEF: Discussed, 96–101, 103–7; in the future, 271–2
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Commissions. See First appointments
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Compassionate leave: First cases, 24; early instructions on, 46; later instructions on, 59; general discussion, 228–30; legal cases in New Zealand, 230; need for special office, 230, 276
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Compensation for loss of kit: After Greece and Crete, 40–1; in general, 260–2
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Convalescent Depot, 138
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Cookery, 251
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Corps and line-of-communication units, 2 NZEF: Envisaged in 1940 and 1941, 25, 39, 42, 44–5, 46; actually formed, 132–9
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Corps in 2 NZEF: Heads of corps, 114–15; promotion of officers in corps, 200–1
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Courts martial. See Military law
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Dental Services: Assistant Director of, 117; relations with medical services, 117; standard of, 117; mobile dental units, 117, 133, 137
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Detachments: Recall of, in 1940, 31, 171; from Advanced Base, Tripoli, 61; problem in general, 170–5; dispersal of units, 175–6
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Director of Medical Services. See Medical Services
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Disbandment: 1942 draft scheme, 50, 264; begins 1945, 86; progress of, 89–90; general discussion on, 264; procedure during war, 265–6, 320–1
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Discharge Depot, 143
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Discipline: In 1945, 87; general, 213–23; military law, 213–15; in Egypt, 217–18; drink, 217–18; dress, 218–19; saluting, 218–19; habitual criminals, 219–20; monetary punishments, 220; excessive orders, 220–1, 267; provost corps, 221; field punishment, 221–2; punishment of NCOs, 222; punishment of officers, 67, 213, 222–3
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Domestic problems, desirability of special office for, 230, 276 (see also Compassionate leave)
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Dress: Early discussions on, 23; in Western Desert, 186, 218–19
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Drink: New Zealand habits, 217–18; beer bar in Cairo, 245; drink in camps, 245, 276
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Echelon: Use of term, 11–12; First Echelon in Egypt, 18et seq; Second Echelon to England, 27–8; arrival of Second Echelon in Egypt, 30–4; arrival of Third Echelon in Egypt, 29–30 (see also Second Echelon (Records)
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Education and Rehabilitation Service: Formed, 73; scheme, 74, 85; general discussion on, 253–5; in the future, 274
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Egypt: Discipline in, 217–18; inhabitants of, 19–20, 223–4; Customs rebate, 250 (see also Base organisation)
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Elections: Proposed 1941, 43; general, 1943, 60, 68; by-elections, 45–6, 155–6
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Engineers: Problem of head of corps, 115, 200; non-divisional, 133–5
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Equipment: First issues, 28–9; return at end of war, 87–8; stores audit, 128–9; scale to be drawn from British depots, 176–8
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Escorts, sea: Discussion in 1939, 13; numbers of men to travel in unescorted vessels, 66, 156; escorts in the future, 274
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Field Force Committee, organisation plan, 36 (FFC 36), 39, 42, 44, 46
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Field troops: Feeling against base, 181–7, 254–5; conduct while in base, 185–7
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Finance: Financial Adviser, see Pay; financial arrangements for 2 NZEF, 154, 176–8
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First appointments: Within 2 NZEF, 163–4; to British Army, 179–80 (see also Officer Cadet Training Unit)
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‘Flap’ in 1942, 186
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Forestry Companies: In United Kingdom, 34, 43; one company moved to Mediterranean, 68; to Italy, 73, 79
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Furlough scheme: Drafts, 63, 64–5, 67, 72, 76–7, 81–2, 86; return from New Zealand, 69; complications in late 1944, 81–2; code-names, 64–5, 84; in the future, 196, 276
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General army duties: Prisoner-of-war camps, 1940, 32; units in 1941 and early 1942, 39, 46; in 1942, 49, 53, 56–7; from Advanced Base, Tripoli, 61; parachute unit, 49, 66; in Italy, 71; discussion on NZEF share of, 172–3, 272; detachments on, 170–6; recall of detachments in 1940, 171
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General Headquarters: Definition of, 4–5, 166–7; Middle East Forces, dealings with, 21, 31, 32, 42, 45–6, 49, 50–1, 53, 54, 58, 65; in Algiers, 60; Central Mediterranean Force, 68, 71–2, 102–3, 180; secret communications from GOC 2 NZEF to NZ, 43, 153–4, 167; relations of HQ 2 NZEF with GHQ, 167–80; task of an Allied HQ, 168–9, 171; applicability of GHQ orders, 168–70; problem of detachments, 170–5; dispersal of units, 175–6; dissemination of GHQ orders, 268–9; NZ units for duty under: See General Army duties and Non-divisional units
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General Officer Commanding (Lt-Gen Freyberg): Selection of, 13–14; early discussions with NZ Government, 16; charter, 16, 23, 93–6, 157–9; communications to NZ Govt, 43, 152, 153, 167; wounded, 52; accident, 80; relinquishes appointment, 89
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Geneva Convention, 231
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Graves Units: Concentration, 73; Registration and Inquiry, 45, 73; post-war work, 79–80; general, 136
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Headquarters Maadi Camp: Formed, 140; possible amalgamation with HQ 2 NZEF, 107–9 (see also Base organisation)
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Headquarters 2 NZ Division: Early troubles, 18–19, 21; location in 1940, 20; dual role of staff in 1940, 25; duties when HQ 2 NZEF formed, 30, 109; re-united with HQ 2 NZEF, 87, 103
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Headquarters 2 NZEF: Early troubles, 18–19, 21; location in 1940, 20; dual role of staff in 1940, 25; formed separately, 29–30, 98–101; amalgamated temporarily with HQ Maadi Camp, 53; move to Italy, 70, 72; location in Italy, 70–1, 79–80; re-united with HQ 2 NZ Div, 87, 103; discussion on its formation, 97–109; duties, 98–100, 103–5; relations with HQ Maadi Camp, 100, 107–9; principles regarding location, 101–3; internal organisation, 109–13; armband, 112; vehicle sign, 55, 112, 259–60; separate headquarters wanted from beginning, 107, 271
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Hospitals: The first hospital, 22–3; move of hospital from Beirut to Tripoli, 58; as transit units, 138
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Ice-cream factory, 252
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Institutes, welfare: Religious bodies, 235–7; YMCA, 236–7, 240–1, 242–3
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Japan, war against: Proposals for 2 NZEF, 85; occupation force (Jayforce), 86, 87, 89
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King's regulations. SeeMilitary law.
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Kiwis. See Entertainment Unit
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Legal cases, civil: Decided in NZ in absence of soldier, 230
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Letters of condolence to New Zealand, 40
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Liaison: With GHQ, 112; with Army HQ, NZ, 156, 159–61; with Government, 156–7, 275; within 2 NZEF, 112–13; value in general, 276
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Libyan Campaign, 1941, 46
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Line-of-Communication troops, Army. See General Army duties
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Lines of communication, 2 NZEF: To Greece, 36–8; to Crete, 38–40; to Libya, 1941, 42–3, 45–6; to Syria, 47–8; in Battle for Egypt, 52–5; at Alamein, 57; to Libya and Tunisia, 1943, 57–9, 61–2; to Italy, 1943, 67–9, 70–2; in Italy, 1944, 71–2, 75, 78, 79–80; at Cassino, 72, 75; in Italy, early 1945, 85; in general, 138; in the future, 272
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Long Range Desert Group: Formation, 28, 31, 135; Leros operation, 69, 135; disbanded, 70, 135
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Long-service personnel, relief of. See Furlough scheme
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Loss of kit, compensation for: After Greece and Crete, 40–1; in general, 260–2
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Maadi camp: Site selected, 15; contracts, 19, 26; early stages in the camp, 20, 27, 97, 99–100; concentration in late 1940, 29; layout in early 1941, 34; use of letters ‘NZ’, 41–2; Division in Syria, 48; reduced in size early 1942, 50; during crisis of July 1942, 53–4; leave camp, 54; name changed to 6 NZ Div, 55; 2 NZ Div in camp, 62; 2 NZ Div leaves for Italy, 67; decision to retain Maadi, 69–70, 144–5; marginally unfit men, 73; reverts to old name, 82; size adjusted from time to time, 84; depots, etc., described, 140–4; men without field service in, 182; undesirables in, 183–5
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Maadi Tent, 21, 90, 243–4
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Manpower: Early deficiencies in, 21–2, 31; position after Crete, 41; position in late 1941, 44; summer 1942, 54, 56–7; end of 1942, 59; early 1943, 59; possible dilution with women, 65, 208; position in August 1943, 67; review in late 1944, 80–1; statistical appreciations, 188; keeping balance in use of manpower, 189–90 (see also Reinforcement drafts and War Establishments)
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Marriages: Within force, 44, 227; to civilians, 50; to members of other Commonwealth forces, 226–7; wives in crisis of 1942, 53; furlough scheme, 66; dispute with Government over, 73, 226; general discussion on, 211, 223–8; approval of marriages, 223–6; registration of, 225; ‘mixed’ marriages, 224–6; in Italy, 225; unofficial, 226; collecting wives, 226; in the future, 273
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Matron-in-Chief. See Principal Matron
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Mechanical transport. See Transport, mechanical
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Medical grading: Change in terminology, 232–3; use of men of lower medical category, 196, 273
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Medical Services: Hospital, 1940, 22; medical stores depot, 45, 143–4; move of hospital from Beirut to Tripoli, 58; supply of medical officers from New Zealand, 70; number of hospitals, 70, 160–1; men of low medical category, 73, 231–3; ranks in Medical Corps, 116; standard of medical treatment, 116; Director of Medical Services, 116; hospitals as transit units, 138; Convalescent Depot, 138; rest homes, 138; liaison with Director-General of Medical Services, 160–1; terms used for medical grading changed, 232–3
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Military law: Effect of distances and rapid movement, 214–16; delays in trials, 214–16; existing code, 213–17; Army Act, 213–14; King's Regulations, 213; Field General Courts Martial, 216; permanent presidents of courts martial, 216; own code desirable, 213, 271
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Minister of Defence, visit of, 61–3, 156
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National Patriotic Fund Board: Powers of overseas commissioner, 26, 41, 237–40; organised pre-war, 235–6; YMCA as agent, 235; Church Army as agent, 236–7; canteen stores, 248; grants from fund, general, 248–9
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Newspaper mails, 263
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New Zealand Army Headquarters. See Army HQ, NZ
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2 New Zealand Division: Move to Greece, 36–7; to Crete, 38; Libya, 1941, 42–3, 46; to Syria, 47–8; Battle for Egypt, 52, 54; Alamein to Tunis, 57–9; Maadi and furlough, 63, 64; to Italy, 67, 68; to Cassino, 72; to Florence, 79, 87; to north-east Italy, 79; reduced in size, 80–1; to Trieste, 85; to Lake Trasimene, 86; number adopted as part of title, 55; fluctuations in, 132, 136–7, 188–93
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6 New Zealand Division. See cascade scheme
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2 New Zealand Expeditionary Force: General description, 1–2, 3–4, 96–7; prewar preparations, 9–11; selection of GOC, 13–14; formation and despatch, 11–15, 16–17; Second Echelon to England, 27–8; concentration of force in Egypt, 30, 34; intended reorganisation 1940–41, 32; state of force in early 1941, 34–5; move to Greece, 36–7; intended reorganisation after Crete (FFC 36), 38–9, 42–3, 44, 46; strength, late 1941, 45; reorganised 1942, 54, 56–7; future movements 1943, 65; future movements mid-1944, 76; future movements, end 1944, 77, 80; reorganised 1944, 80–1; repatriation, 86, 89–90; command of force, 96–101, 103–7; corps in force, 114–15; services in force, 114–31; closed shop in, 161–5, 272–3; share of communal duties, 171–3, 176; size of 2 NZEF ‘tail’, 34–5, 145–9, 151
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New Zealand Government: Relations with 2 NZEF, 152–7, 224–5, 226; GOC's communications to, 43–4, 152, 153, 167
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Non-commissioned officers: In Second Echelon (Records), 127; unsuited for the field, 185; in reinforcement drafts, 204; punishment of, 222; in general, 204–6
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Non-divisional units: Inception of, 14; increasing number of, 32; location troubles, 48–9, 61–2, 175; responsibility for, 50–1, 133–5, 175–6; furlough scheme, 65; disbanded, 67, 134; analysis of, 133–5
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Non-military personnel, 206
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Officer cadet training unit (OCTU): Abortive formation in 1940, 29, 200; formed in 1944, 83, 142; comparison of British and NZEF OCTUs, 200
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Officer in Charge of Administration: Appointment created, 30, 98; role of, 98–100, 107–9
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Officers: Confidential reports on, 199, 275–6; ex-home defence, 163; ex-3 NZ Div, 83, 163; ex-prisoners of war, 203; first postings to NZEF, 26, 198–9, 275; Military Secretary, 114–15, 198; non-regimentally employed, 201–3; promotions within corps, 201; proportion in reinforcement drafts, 163–4; punishments, 67, 213, 222–3; ranks of officers in field and base, 202–3; regulations for promotion, 203; restrictions on rank after Third Echelon, 161–5; reverted officers with reinforcement drafts, 67; sent to New Zealand on duty, 42, 49, 162; source of first appointments, 163; temporary rank, 201; too old for field, 202; transfers to British Army, 179–80, 203; unsuited for the field, 26, 183–5, 198–9
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OICA. See Officer in Charge of Administration
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Orders: Dissemination of, 26–7, 30, 267–9; excessive number of, 220–1, 267–8
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Ordnance: Deputy Director and Assistant Director of Ordnance Services, 117; depots 71, 137, 138; split in corps and formation of EME, 59, 118
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Pay: Chief Paymaster and Financial Adviser, 120; alterations in paybooks in 1940, 23–4; excess Italian currency, 82–3, 120; extra-duty pay, 23, 118–20
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Payment for services, 264
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Photographer, still, 125
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Pie bakery, 252
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Postal: Special inquiry, 42; formation of separate corps, 158, 252–3; mails to the Division, 83–4, 252–3; newspaper mails, 263; general discussion, 252–3
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Prime Minister: Visit, 1941, 38–9, 41, 156; visit, 1944, 76–7, 156–7
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Printing Unit, 46, 130, 268
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Prisoners of war, Allied and 2 NZEF: Exchanged, 51; reception of, 68–9; Repatriation Unit, 69, 136; Repatriation Unit for United Kingdom, 74, 77; Interrogation Unit, 83, 136; prisoners returning to 2 NZEF, 203, 230–1; knowledge of Geneva Convention, 231
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Prisoners of war, enemy: Guards for camps, 32, 136; employment of, 88, 220
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Publicity, Director of, 126, 157
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Public Relations in 2 NZEF: Official Artist, 33, 124, 126; Broadcasting Unit, 30, 124, 126, 206; Cinema Unit, 124, 125, 206; general discussion on, 124–6; Public Relations Officer, 124; still photographer, 125; NZEF Times, 41, 126, 249; war correspondents, 30, 39, 60, 75, 124, 206; in the future, 273
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Red Cross: Commissioner and staff, 253; store, 143; voluntary aid detachments (VADs), 208–9
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Regimental Funds: Audit of, 128–9, 249–50; Central Fund, 250; source of funds, 249–50; post-war disposal of, 250.
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Rehabilitation. See Education and Rehabilitation Service
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Reinforcements, despatch forwards, 46, 54, 57, 59, 71–3, 138–9
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Reinforcement drafts: Size of, 24–5, 188–93; primary role of, 31; position in late 1941, 44, 46; 8th Reinforcements, 56, 58, 59; after furlough scheme, 69; delays in late 1944, 81–2; principles governing, 188–93; frequency, 192; transfers between corps, 195–6; warrant officers and NCOs in, 204–5
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Repatriation: Draft scheme, 1942, 50, 264–5; begins 1945, 86; progress of, 89; speed of, 89, 90; discussion on, 264–6; volunteers to delay repatriation, 266
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Rest Homes, 138
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School of Instruction, 142
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Screening Commission, Allied, 83
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Second Echelon (Records): Confusion in name, 11–12; work of, 127; large number of NCOs in, 127, 196
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Temporary rank, 201
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Training: Depots, 141–2; in general, 69, 70, 84, 197; in future, 275
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Transport, mechanical: Sent from New Zealand, 84, 256–7; control in use of, 256–7
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VADs. See Women's Army Auxiliary Corps, Medical
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Volunteers for post-war service, 266
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War Establishments: Preparation and issue of, 34–5, 194; increases in, 148–9, 194; discussion on, 193–5
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Warrant Officers. See Non-commissioned officers
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Welfare: In early days, 25–6, 236; bands, 251; books, 252; canteen stores, 33, 82, 247–8; canteen inquiry, 33, 247; catering depot, 252; Christmas fare, 251; clubs, 244–6; cooking, 251–2; Dennis Duigan Fund, 250; Egypt Customs Rebate, 250; ERS, 73, 74, 85, 253–5; ice-cream, 252; ‘Kiwis’, 33, 248–9; National Patriotic Fund: See separate entry; Non-divisional units, 133; pie factory, 252; postal, 83–4, 158, 252–3; Red Cross, 143–4, 208, 209, 253; regimental funds, 129, 249–50; religious institutes, 235–7; NZEF Times, 41, 126, 249; YMCA, 235–6, 240–3; general discussion on welfare, 235–55; responsibility for, 41, 237–43; unit responsibility, 243; welfare committee, 41, 238–40; public funds as a source, 240–2, 246, 248, 251; military welfare staff, 246; insufficiency of, 218, 246–7; Army Welfare Service, 242–3; in the future, 274
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Wives. See Marriages
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Women's Army Auxiliary Corps (WAACS), Clerical: Delay in despatch, 156; first contingent, 75, 208; work, 209–10
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Women's Army Auxiliary Corps (WAACs), Medical (VADs): First contingent, 47; work, 208, 209
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Women's Army Auxiliary Corps, Welfare: First contingent, 44; work, 208–10
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Women's Services, general: Clothing, 50, 211; in crisis, 1942, 54; military law for, 57, 211; possible extension of numbers, 65, 208; battlefield cruises, 80, 212; ranks, 210–11; marriages, 211; status in the Army, 210–11; outfit grant, 211; general discussion on, 207–12; compensation for loss of kit, 260–2; in the future, 273
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YMCA: Ranks, 206; duties, status, exact responsibilities, etc., 235–7, 240–3