page 391

Index

• Achilles, HMS, 75

• Acts and Regulations:

  • British Emergency Powers (Defence) Act 1940, 135

  • Censorship and Publicity Regulations 1940, 153–4, 273

  • Emergency Regulations Act 1939, 98, 120, 125, 138

  • Emergency Regulations Amendment Act 1940, 139–40, 141, 147, 149

  • External Affairs Act 1943, 305

  • Industrial Conciliation and Arbitration Act, 264

  • Marketing Amendment Act, 121

  • National Service Regulations 1940, 215–16

  • Police Force Regulations, 272

  • Prolongation of Parliament Act 1942, 233

  • Public Safety Conservation Act 1932, 98, 120

  • Public Safety Emergency Regulations, 154, 268

  • Reserve Bank Act 1936, 114

  • Reserve Bank Amendment Act 1940, 121

  • Servicemen's Settlement and Land Sales Act 1943, 264

• Alanbrooke, Fd Mshl Lord, 286–8

• Alexander, Fd Mshl Earl, 177, 257, 288, 291

• Aliens: Enemy, internment of, 156–60; control of, 159–60; investigation of, 157; arrival of refugees, 157–8; Aliens Authority, appointment of, 158; Aliens Appeal Tribunal, 158, 159; internment on Somes Island, 160

• Appeals: Against military service, 146–8; Appeal Boards, 147–50, 268, 292; Revision Authorities, 151–2

• Atlantic Charter, 309, 327, 337–8, 348–9, 360, 362

• Atlee, Rt Hon Earl, 353, 378–9, 381

• Baldwin, Rt Hon Earl, 26, 37, 43–4, 50, 58

• Ballots, 145–6, 213, 253, 297

• Barnard, Hon W. E., 111

• Barrowclough, Maj-Gen Rt Hon Sir H., 246, 252, 260, 283, 289–90, 293

• Batterbee, Sir H., 53, 321

• Bell, Hon Sir F., 13–14, 18, 20

• Berendsen, Sir C., 17, 52, 59, 67, 258, 321, 324–5, 376, 379, 382–3

• Billens, R. H., 273

• Blamey, Fd Mshl Sir T., 174, 183, 189

• Bockett, H. L., 289–90

• Bodkin, Hon Sir W., 232, 234–5

• Broadfoot, Hon W. J., 232

• Burma Road, 197–9, 202, 204, 310

• Burton, O. E., 152

• Cairo declaration, 313

• Calhoun, Vice-Adm W. L., 299

• Canberra Agreement, 295, 314–19, 321, 327

• Carr, C., 138

• Censorship, 117, 124, 209, 271–6

• Chamberlain, Rt Hon A. N., 7, 9, 11, 50, 57, 91–4, 96, 105–6, 109–11, 131

• Chiang Kai-shek, Generalissimo, 371

• Churchill, Sir W.: Offer of support from NZ, 99–101, 140, 164; aid for Greece, 177–9, 181–6; defence of Crete, 188; Pacific policy, 194–5, 196; possible war with Japan, 203, 205; losses at Singapore, 209; war in Pacific and use of NZ forces, 210; protection for NZ, 213–14, 216, 226; defence of Fiji, 216; of Pacific, 218; Pacific War Council, 218–19; crisis of 1942, 224; use of dominion troops, 225, 261; withdrawal of 2 NZ Div, 248–50, 255–60, 278, 280–1, 289, 291; recommends NZ Div operate in SE Asia, 293–4, 300; at Yalta, 322, 361; colonial policy, 323; Atlantic Charter, 348–9; help for Russia, 359; Polish problems, 362–3; Tito's action on Trieste, 365–8; regional councils, 371–2; United Nations Organisation, 377

  • Mentioned: 104, 131, 133, 221, 223, 247, 277, 284, 288, 307, 308, 310, 311, 317, 320, 353

• Ciano, Count, 178

• Coastwatchers, 212

• Coates, Rt Hon J. G., 13, 17, 18, 30, 53, 57, 63, 118, 120, 128, 136, 141–3, 164–6, 196, 207–8, 232, 237, 266, 307

• Cobbe, Hon J. G., 62

• Communist party, 41, 96, 104, 109–10, 117, 152, 154–6

• Conferences—

  • Cairo, 316

  • Casablanca, 262, 308

  • Dumbarton Oaks, 320, 323–4, 354, 372–5, 379, 381, 383

  • Imperial (1911), 85

  • Imperial (1926), 17, 59

  • Imperial (1930), 13, 16–17, 29, 60, 85

  • Imperial (1937), 48–50, 54, 58–9, 67, 72–3, 91–2, 203–4, 333

  • Ministerial (1939), 106–9

    page 392

  • Moscow, 372

  • Pacific Defence (1939), 59, 72, 76–81, 87, 192–3

  • Potsdam, 302

  • Prime Ministers' (1944), 284, 319

  • Prime Ministers' (1945), 359–60

  • Quebec, 290, 372

  • San Francisco, 297, 340–1, 354, 356–7, 362–5, 368, 370, 378–82, 384

  • Stresa, 37

  • Versailles, 14, 49, 91, 328–9

  • Yalta, 322–3, 361, 363–4, 377

• Connally, Senator T., 379

• Conscientious objectors: Attitude of Government to, 146–7; Appeal Boards, 148–50; defaulters' camps, 150–1; Christian Pacifist Society, 152–3

  • Mentioned: 22, 24, 123, 156

• Conscription: Exemption of aliens, 158; introduction of, 211

  • Mentioned: 19–21, 26, 63, 68, 71, 78, 83, 87–8, 115–16, 118, 126, 131, 134–9, 140, 145–7, 296

• Conway, Brig A. E., 289–90

• Craigie, Sir R., 197

• Crete, 177, 186–8, 202, 284

• Cummings, Commissioner J., 162

• Cunningham, Admiral of the Fleet Viscount, 179

• Curnow, A., 25, 311

• Curtin, Rt Hon J., 224, 248, 258, 260–1, 313

• Defence construction, Commissioner of, 234

• Dill, Fd Mshl Sir J., 179, 181–2, 219, 280

• Doidge, Hon Sir F., 139, 164

• Eden, Sir A., 47, 50, 92, 179–85, 217

• Eisenhower, General D. D., 103

• Elections, General: Postponement of, 170–1, 233; held, 239, 259, 263–8; Hamilton by-election, 297–300; Dunedin West by-election, 301

• Emergency Precautions Scheme, 263

• Evatt, Rt Hon H. V., 311–14, 317, 320, 322–3, 355, 371, 375–8, 381

• External Affairs, Department of, 54, 303–5, 307, 325, 330, 358, 361

• Fagan, Hon M., 50

• Fanning Island, 79

• Fiji, 79, 212, 216, 222–3, 226, 244–5, 261, 337

• Fisher, Rt Hon A., 56

• Fisher, Rt Hon H. A. L., 90

• Fletcher, Sir J., 234

• Folkes, Maj K., 161–2

• Food: Demand for production of, 68, 243, 277–8, 280, 291–2, 297–8, 300–1; butter rationing, 278; meat rationing, 278; Ministry of Food, 279–80; lend-lease, 279

• Forbes, Rt Hon G. W., 13–14, 16–18, 27, 29–30, 32–5, 38, 40–1, 57, 60, 62–3, 95, 118

• Franco, General, 48

• Fraser, Rt Hon P.: Declaration of war, 9, 11; conscription, 21, 83, 116–17, 135–8; NZ's contribution to war effort, 98, 100–1, 104, 111; becomes Prime Minister, 117; views on a coalition government, 118–21, 132, 169, 230–1, 237–8; censorship, 124–6, 272, 275–6; Territorial Force, 132–3; War Council, 139–44; War Cabinet, 166–7, 168–70, 231–2; on conscientious objectors, 146; meets Pacifist deputation, 152–3; Communist party, 154; SIB, 161–2; post-poning of election, 170–1; by-elections, 171, 299–300; on defence of Greece and Crete, 186–7; visits Egypt, 188; states conditions for future use of 2 NZEF, 189–90, 225–6, 255, 285–6; Pacific policy, 194–6, 300; appoints NZ Minister at Washington, 195–6; on Japanese war, 203, 208; protection for NZ, 210, 213–14, 216, 223, 225; Home Guard, 211; defence of Fiji, 216; of Pacific, 217–18; Pacific War Council in London, 220–1; industrial problems, 228–30; War Administration, 232–5; Huntly strike, 236–9; social services, 240–2; visits Washington, 246; on withdrawal of 2 NZ Div, 248–51, 255–9, 280–4, 289–90; on manpower, 251, 280, 283; Pacific forces, 253, 261; general election, 259, 265–6, 268; future of furlough draft, 268; furlough defaulters, treatment of, 269–71; attends PMs' conferences, 284–5, 319; visits Italy, 285; attends San Francisco Conference, 297, 340, 370–1, 383; Cairo Declaration, 313; visits Australia, 313–14, 316; agreement with Australia, 319; regional councils, 319; colonial question, 320–4; visits Western Samoa, 337–40, 342, 346, 378; Atlantic Charter, 348; United Nations, 351; Dumbarton Oaks proposals, 354–5, 373, 375–6; relations with Russia, 359–60; with Poland, 262–3, 381; with Tito, 365–8; use of 2 NZ Div in Trieste, 366, 368–9; veto problem, 378–80

  • Mentioned: 25, 29, 34, 130, 131, 163, 177, 262–3, 280, 283, 284, 293, 305–6, 325–6, 371

• Freyberg, Lt-Gen Lord: Appointed GOC 2 NZEF, 100–3; Charter of, 102, 174–5, 187, 189; NZ Div to fight as self-contained unit, 173–6; relations with cabinet, 176–7; with superior officers, 175–7; Greek campaign, 177–8, 181–3, 186, 188–9; Crete campaign, 187; Pacific and home defence, 225; reinforcements for NZ Div, 247; furlough scheme, 254, 266; withdrawal of 2 NZ Div, 258–9, 282, 287; future of furlough draft, 267–8; move to Italy, 277; leaving NZ brig- page 393 ade in Europe, 282–3; future of 2 NZ Div, 285; advises reorganisation of Div, 291; morale of Div, 292; American command in Pacific, 294, 296; NZ troops in Trieste, 366, 368

  • Mentioned: 70, 104, 288, 304, 365

• Furlough scheme, 254, 259–60, 267–9

• GALWAY, Rt Hon Viscount, 304

• Germany: Declaration of war against, 9–11, 118–19; surrender of, 364

• Ghormley, Vice-Adm R. L., 243–6, 252

• Greece: Attacked by Italians, 177; British aid for, 177–81, 184–5; use of dominion troops in, 181–3; NZ Div departs for, 183; German forces invade, 186; casualties and losses in, 186, 202; plans for evacuation from, 185, 187

  • Mentioned: 177, 284

  • Greece, King George II of, 180, 186–7 Grew, Ambassador, 199

• HALIFAX, Earl of, 45, 55–6, 93–4, 99, 108–9

• Halsey, Vice-Adm W. F., 244, 252, 260–1

• Hamilton, Hon A., 10, 57, 118, 120–1, 128, 131–3, 136, 140–1, 143–4, 164–6, 232, 237

• Hanan, Hon J. A., 9

• Hargest, Brig J., 83

• Hellenthal, Dr, 334

• Henderson, Sir N., 7

• Hertzog, General J. B. M., 8, 58

• Hiroshima, 302

• Hitler, A., 11, 26, 37, 58, 85, 91–7, 100, 104–7, 109–11, 113, 128, 145, 155, 157, 174, 178, 180, 199, 359, 365

• Hoare, Sir S., 37–8, 41, 43–4

• Holland, H. E., 19, 25, 28–9, 130, 328

• Holland, Rt Hon Sir S.: Leader of National Party, 143–4, 165–6; War Cabinet, 166–72, 232–5; views on a coalition government, 168–9; Huntly strike, 236–9; Withdrawal of 2 NZ Div, 249; War Administration, 236, 250; manpower problems, 250–1; Pacific policy, 253, 300–1, 316–17; general election, 265, 267; furlough defaulters, 270; censorship, 272; Dunedin West by-election, 300

• Home Guard, 211, 263

• Hopkins, Harry, 363

• Hughes, Rev P. Gladstone, 134

• Hughes, Rt Hon W. M., 320, 329

• Hull, Cordell, 309–10, 318, 323, 371–2

• Industry: Shortage of farm workers, 246, 278; National Service Dept, 247, 294; manpower problems, 247–8, 250, 252–3, 255–6, 289, 292, 296–7, 300; reduction in home defences, 251–2, 254; West Coast timber workers, 272; dairying industry, 278, 280, 283; soldiers on farms and in industry, 287

  • Strikes, 228–9, 263; at Westfield, 229–30, 238; at Huntly mines, 235–9, 263

  • Isitt, AVM Sir L., 4, 296

• Japan: Boycotting of Japanese goods, 65; NZ attitude towards, 191–2; possibility of war with, 196, 201–9, 224–6, 228; attack on Pearl Harbour, 135, 213–14; surrender of, 4, 302. See also Pacific.

• Johnston, Mr Justice, 273

• Jones, Hon F., 10, 141, 232, 258

• Jordan, Rt Hon Sir W., 28, 47, 51–2, 55, 65, 220, 360

• Kellogg Pact, 8

• King, Admiral E. J., 222, 245, 317

• King, Rt Hon W. L. Mackenzie, 8, 58, 173

• Kingston, B. H., 133

• Kippenberger, Maj-Gen Sir H., 59

• Knox, Frank, 310, 318

• Konoye, Prince, 203 Koryzis, A., 180

• Langstone, Hon F., 196, 349

• Lansbury, G., 37

• Leander, HMS, 75

• Lee, J. A., 113–17, 129–30, 139, 154, 249–50, 253, 259, 264–5, 298

• Liverpool, Lord, 330

• Locarno, Treaty of, 32

• Long Range Desert Group, 283, 284

• Longmore, Air Chf Mshl Sir A., 178–9, 184

• Macarthur, General D., 221, 293

• MacDonald, Rt Hon Ramsay, 15

• McIntosh, A. D., 383

• Mackesy, Maj-Gen P. J., 78–80

• McLagan, Hon A., 211, 232

• Mandates: Mandate system, 329, 332–3, 341; trusteeship, 327–9, 340–4, 347; Trusteeship Agreement, 343–5

• Mason, Hon H. G. R., 147, 185–6

• Massey, Rt Hon W. F., 13–15, 18, 19–20, 30, 44, 60, 320, 328–30

• Menzies, Rt Hon R. G., 8, 174, 184–5, 189, 192, 202, 224, 317

• Metaxas, General J., 178

• Midway, Battle of, 245–6

• Milner, Lord, 13

• Missouri, USS, 5

• Montgomery, Fd Mshl Viscount, 257

• Moscow Declaration, 312, 314

• Mountbatten, Admiral Lord L., 293

• Murdoch, Sir K., 317

• Mussolini, B., 11, 17, 37, 43, 156

• Myers, Sir M., 273–4

  page 394

• Nash, Rt Hon W.: Singapore base, 28–9; League of Nations, 30–1, 34, 39; Minister of Finance, 50, 114–15; coalition government, 132, 169; conscription, 139; War Cabinet, 141, 170; conscientious objectors, 146; Pacific War Council in London, 219–20; visits London, 279; withdrawal of 2 NZ Div, 280–1; military participation in Pacific, 298–9; Hamilton by-election, 299–300; Atlantic Charter, 349; UNRRA, 352; Tito's actions on Trieste, 365, 367

  • Mentioned: 22, 59, 128, 200, 201, 221, 245, 297, 305–6

• National Disputes Committee, 236

• National Service, Director of, 289, 291–2, 294–5

• Navy, Royal NZ, 72, 75, 80, 292

• Nelson, O. F., 333

• Nations, League of, 8, 14–15, 28–31, 34, 36, 38–9, 41, 43–5, 47–8, 91, 108, 118, 310, 322, 325–6, 332, 360, 372, 374–6

• Covenant, 309, 324–5

• New Caledonia, 223, 226, 246–7, 250, 260, 287, 320

• 2 NZ Division: Greek campaign, 183, 186, 188; Western Desert, 209–10, 212; casualties, 247; needs of, 247; withdrawal of, 248–51, 253–5, 257–60, 280–4, 288–9, 311; amphibious training for, 255; Minister of Defence visits, 258; future of furlough draft, 267–9, 274–5; furlough defaulters, 269–71, 298; Fraser visits in Italy, 285; replacements for, 287, 291–2, 299; Freyberg advises reorganisation of, 291; in Trieste, 366, 368–9

  • Mentioned: 277

• 3 NZ Division, 245–7, 251–4, 260–1, 280–3, 285–7, 289–90

• Newall, Lord, 337

• Ngata, Sir A., 263, 331, 339

• Niagara, RMS, 140

• Nimitz, Admiral C. W., 221, 243, 317

• Nordmeyer, Hon A. H., 232

• Norfolk Island, 246

• Northcroft, Mr Justice, 273

• O'Brien, Hon J., 111

• Organisation for National Security, 86–8, 97, 157

• Pacific: Air bases, 74–5, 79; Christmas Island, 74–5; American claims in, 79, 310; German raiders in, 213–14; Anzac area, 218, 220, 223; Pacific War Council in London, 218–20; ABDA area, 219–20; control of, 221; fear of Japanese raids on dominions, 224–5; defence of NZ, 226–7; food for American troops, 243, 299; use of NZ forces in, 296–8, 301–2, 307; Japan, surrender of, 4, 302; NZ relations with America, 308, 310, 317–18; Australian policy, 310–18, 320–2; Canberra Agreement, 295, 314–19, 321, 327; South Seas Regional Commission, 315; colonial problems, 320–1; Samoa, 328–36, 343, 345; Cook Islands, 343; Tokelaus, 343; bases for Americans, 343–5

• Pacifism: Oxford Union, 26; Christian Pacifist Society, 152–3; Jehovah's Witnesses, 154 Mentioned: 22–4, 26–7, 34, 37, 41–2

• Paikea, Hon P. K., 232

• Parr, Hon Sir J., 35, 38, 43

• Paul, Hon J. T., 124–5, 267–8, 271–2 (see also Publicity, Director of)

• Pearl Harbour, 129, 135, 196, 201, 206, 209, 212–14

• People's Voice, 109, 154–5

• Perry, Hon Sir W., 70, 135, 208, 231, 260, 266

• Poland: British guarantee to, 93–6; fall of, 127; refugees from, 361; government-in-exile, 361, 363, 380; ‘Curzon line’, 361–2, 380; Lublin Committee, 361–2, 375; NZ Government's attitude to, 364; independence of, 380–1

• Police Force: Discontent in, 272; Police Journal, 272

• Polson, Hon W. J., 232, 234, 297–8, 300

• Prime Minister's Department, 17, 51–2, 59, 85–6, 258, 304–5

• Prince of Wales, HMS, 203, 209

• Publicity, Director of, 225, 234, 267, 270, 271, 272–6 (see also Paul, Hon J. T.)

• Puttick, Lt-Gen Sir E., 254, 281–4, 286–8, 290

• Ramillies, HMS, 100

• Ransom, Hon Sir A., 35

• Rationing: butter, 278; meat, 279

• Regulations. See Acts and Regulations

• Repulse, HMS, 203, 209

• Returned Services (Soldiers') Association, 40, 70, 83, 135, 151, 231, 233, 237–8, 270

• Richardson, Maj-Gen Sir G., (Administrator of Samoa) 331, 333, 335, 338, 346

• Rivera, Primo de, 17

• Roosevelt, President F. D., 193, 195, 203, 205, 209, 216, 218–23, 225, 246, 256, 258, 260–1, 280, 308–9, 311, 317, 322–3, 348, 361, 371–2, 374, 377, 379

• Royal New Zealand Air Force, 60, 70, 72, 97, 104, 109, 244, 292, 294, 296, 300

• Russia. SeeUSSR

• Samoa, 4, 226, 328–9, 333–5, 343; Western Samoa, 14, 91, 157, 328–32, 334–40, 342–7; ‘Mau’ movement, 331–3, 337, 340; Fonoti, 335, 337–8

  page 395

• Sanctions, enforcing of, 35–6, 39, 42–5, 48, 200–1, 205

• Savage, Rt Hon M. J., 11, 33–4, 48–55, 67, 69, 72, 81–3, 87, 91, 95, 97, 99, 102, 108, 111, 113, 116–17, 121, 130–1, 305, 332–3

• Schramm, F. W., 134

• Schultz, Dr, 334

• Scrimgeour, C. G., 130

• Security: UK Security Intelligence Organisation, 161; appointment of Lt Folkes, 161; Security Intelligence Bureau, 161

• Semple, Hon R., 161, 232, 235

• Sinclair-Burgess, Maj-Gen Sir W., 59–60, 66

• Singapore: Base, 15, 28–9, 59–60, 63–4, 66–7, 69–70, 73, 76–8, 192, 194, 200, 209, 214, 218, 296, 310; fall of, 220, 225

• Smuts, Fd Mshl J. C., 8, 173, 284, 359, 381

• Somes Island, 160

• Sprott, Rt Rev T. H., 21

• Stabilisation: Economic Stabilisation Committee, 241; Price Tribunal, 241 Mentioned: 240–2

• Stalin, Mshl J., 322, 360–1, 363, 375, 377

• Stettinius, E. R., 340

• Stevens, Maj-Gen W. G., 85–7, 97

• Stewart, Hon W. Downie, 238

• Sullivan, Hon D. G., 232, 234–5

• Territorial force, 61–2, 69–71, 80–1, 83, 99, 132, 212–15

• Thomson, F. D., 17

• Tito, Mshl J., 364–8

• Tojo, General, 203

• Tonga, defence of, 244, 246

• Toop, E. R., 131

• Tottenham, Paymaster Capt E. L., 86

• Trieste, 364–6, 368–9

• Tripartite Pact, 199

• Truman, President H., 365, 367

• Turnbull, Sir A., 333, 346

• United Nations Organisation, 305, 316, 318, 327, 340, 342–5, 347, 349, 351–4, 356, 365–6, 369, 371, 373–4, 378–9, 382

• UNRRA, 349–53; displaced persons, 352; Marshall Aid, 354

• USSR, 357–63, 366, 368, 372–7, 381

• Voelcker, Lt-Col F. W., 346

• Walsh, F. P., 116

• War Book, 84–5, 87, 97–8

• War Council, 139–42

• War Cabinet, 139–44, 156, 161, 163–8, 170–1, 196, 228, 231–2, 234–5, 237–8, 245–7, 249–52, 254, 256–60, 266–7, 269–71, 277–80, 282–3, 285, 290, 292, 295–6, 315–16

  • Defence and Military Affairs Committee of, 215

  • War Administration, 232, 234, 236–9, 250, 259, 262–3, 266

• Ward, Rt Hon Sir J., 15, 16, 18, 44, 329

• Watson, G., 110

• Wavell, Fd Mshl Lord, 174, 176, 178–9, 182–3, 186–7, 189, 217

• Webb, Hon P. C, 230, 235, 238

• Westminster, Statute of, 13, 303

• Wilford, Hon Sir T., 16, 53, 85

• Wilkinson, Rear-Adm S. T., 260

• Williams, Brig A. B., 220

• Williams, General Sir G., 213, 215, 253–4

• Wilson, Fd Mshl Lord, 174, 284, 364

• Wilson, J. V., 383

• Wilson, President W., 14, 328

• Zimmern, Sir A., 36