Documents Relating to New Zealand's Participation in the Second World War 1939–45: Volume III
Index
Index
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ABDA area (American, British, Dutch, Australian), establishment of, 110–58; directive to Supreme Commander, 116–20; NZ's comments on, 124–6; General Wavell in command, 112–16, 128, 133–4, 136, 140; command transferred to Dutch, 114n, 157–8; dissolution of, 162, 169; reinforcement of, 218–19, 221–2, 224; Japanese threat to, 224–6. Mentioned: 160, 162–4, 195, 243, 259, 296
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ADB (American, Dutch, British) conference and report, 34–5, 84
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Admiral Hipper, 20n, 179
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Admiral Scheer, 179
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Alanbrooke, Lord (Fd Mshl Brooke), 471, 479–80, 482–3; appreciation on employment of 2 NZ Div against Japan, 475–7
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American Naval Command, etc. See United States
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Anthony, Hon. H. L. (Aust), 279
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Anzac area, establishment of, 129–58; extension of, 159–68, 247, 252; appointment of Supreme Commander, 162–4, 176, 178, 182, 190–2, 248, 252; US responsibility for defence of, 227, 233, 236, 246. Mentioned: 170, 195, 297, 345
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Anzac Council, 162, 165, 187
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COMANZAC, 237. (See also Leary, Vice-Adm H. F.)
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Armstrong, A. L. (Agent and Consul, Tonga), 274, 276–8, 282n, 330–1, 333
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8 Army, 122n
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Attlee, Rt. Hon. Earl, 1n, 12n, 134n, 157n, 171, 346n, 347, 490n; becomes PM of UK, 492; on Anglo-American military discussions in Berlin, 499–502; Potsdam Declaration, 502–8; sends congratulations to NZ on Japan's surrender, 508–9; on occupation of Japan, 518, 521n, 525–6
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Augusta, USS, 57n
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Australia, views on Far Eastern Policy, 4–6, 7, 54–5; relations with Japan, 15; threat of Japanese invasion, 18, 21–2, 25, 110–11; on reinforcement of Singapore, 22; on guarantee to Netherlands East Indies, 39–40, 56, 91, 94; proposes despatch of warning to Japan, 67n; in ABDA area, 113–21, 133, 219; in Anzac area, 129–31, 140–1, 153–4; on Far Eastern Council, 134–5, 138–9, 143, 148, 150–1; on Pacific War Council, 143–6, 157, 174–8; on extension of Anzac area, 159–68; within US defence sphere, 169–205; reinforcement of, 220–1, 223–4, 242, 245, 250, 258–9, 353, 358; Japanese threat to, 69, 112, 175, 225–6, 231, 244, 246, 248; defence of, 234–5, 249, 251, 253, 255, 258–61, 313, 321; defence of South Pacific, 277–9, 283, 292, 296, 306, 320; on defence of Fanning I., 336, 339, 342; signs Canberra Agreement with NZ, 465n; approves NZ use of Fiji Bde, 487n; occupation of Japan, 518, 522–4, 527–30. Mentioned: 14, 30, 35, 100, 124, 128, 136, 156, 213n, 257, 267n, 350, 369, 493–4, 501, 515
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Australia, Chiefs of Staff of, 164, 177, 178, 194–5, 196, 489, 527, 528, 530
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Australian and NZ Naval Defence, memorandum by Lord Chatfield, Nov 1939, 535–7; Hon. P. Fraser's views on, 538–9
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Australian Commonwealth Naval Board, 110, 133, 140n, 145, 237
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Australian Military Forces, 529
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Babington, Air Mshl Sir J. (AOC Far East), 547
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Barrett, Maj-Gen C. D. (US Marine Corps), 412
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Barrowclough, Maj-Gen Sir H. (GOC 2 NZEF IP), 360n; on composition of 3 Div, 368–71; on employment of Fijian units with 3 Div, 376n, 379–83, 386–90, 396, 398, 405; on employment of 3 Div, 383–4, 389–91, 401–2, 406, 411, 413; page 558 reports on operations, 407–29, 445–52; on withdrawal of 2 NZEF IP, 431–44, 450–7; Charter as GOC 2 NZEF IP, 553–5. Mentioned: 372, 374, 375, 377, 385, 399
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Barton, C. J. J. T., 339
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Batterbee, Sir H. (HC for UK in NZ), 11, 16, 24, 31, 110, 206
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BD (British, Dutch) conference and report, 34
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Bennett, Col P. L., 443
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Bockett, H. L., 454
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Bond, Lt-Gen Sir L. (GOC Malaya), 551
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Brett, Lt-Gen G. H. (Deputy Supreme Comd, ABDA area), 113, 114n, 159–60, 164–5, 179
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British Chiefs of Staff, etc. See United Kingdom Chiefs of Staff
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British Commonwealth Force, operations against Japan, 491, 492–3
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British Commonwealth Occupation Force (BCOF), Japan, 510–12, 516, 518n, 519, 521, 524–5, 527n, 529–30
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British Fleet. See Royal Navy
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British Pacific Fleet, 475, 488, 491, 500, 511, 512, 515, 525, 529
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Brooke, Fd Mshl. See Alanbrooke, Lord
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Brooke-Popham, Air Chief Mshl Sir R. (C-in-C Far East), 36, 71, 81, 92
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Burma, relations with Japan, 6–7, 12–13; threatened by Japan, 88, 101–2, 106–7, 225, 230; Japanese forces in, 108, 459–60, 463, 498, 501; in ABDA area, 113, 116–17, 119; in British defence sphere, 169; possible employment of Fiji Bde in, 392–3, 395; possible employment of NZ Forces in, 472–3, 478, 485. Mentioned: 10, 23, 186, 243, 310
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Burma Road, 459; closing of, Jul-Oct 1940, 6–7, 10, 12–14, 16–17, 22–4; opening of, 27–9, 30n, 31n, 54; threatened by Japan, 78, 89, 91, 94–6, 99–100
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Burns Philp, Ltd., 340
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Byrnes, J. F. (US Secy of State), 505
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Cairo Declaration, 503
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Caldecote, Rt. Hon. Viscount (Doms Secy), 1n, 29n, 206n, 268n, 336n
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Campbell, Dr R. M., 521n
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Canberra Agreement, 465
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Casablanca Conference, 459
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Casey, Rt. Hon. Lord (Aust Min to USA), 27n, 30, 73, 75, 79, 121, 153, 156
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Casualties, NZ troops in Pacific: Vella Lavella, 412, 420; Treasury Is., 414–15, 424; Green Is., 426, 427, 428n, 446, 448
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Chamberlain, Rt. Hon. N., 12n
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Champion, operation, 460
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Chatfield, Lord, memorandum on Aust and NZ naval defence, Nov 1939, 535–7
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Chiang Kai-Shek, Generalissimo, 3, 28, 76, 181, 459n, 460n, 501, 502, 506
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Chiefs of Staff Committee (London). See United Kingdom Chiefs of Staff Committee
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Chiefs of Staff Committee (Washington). See United States Chiefs of Staff
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Chifley, Rt. Hon. J. B. (PM of Aust), 8n, 487n, 488, 489, 518, 527
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China, proposals for peace with Japan, 2, 5–11, 15, 24, 76, 77, 95, 103–4; importance of Burma Road to, 6, 12–14, 27–8, 94; US Military Mission to, 61; Japanese forces in, 18, 62, 69, 72, 88, 246, 358, 497–9; US aid to, 70, 75, 85, 182, 186, 235, 242; representation on Far East Council, 143, 148; on Pacific War Council, 170–1, 177–8, 181; in Pacific theatre, 184; surrender of Japan, 502, 504–5, 507, 510. Mentioned: 43, 46, 78, 117, 459, 462, 495n
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Churchill, Rt. Hon. Sir W., on Burma Road, 12–14; on Pacific situation, Aug 1940, 17–20; reviews situation, Sep 1941, 62–3; promises to assist US, 58, 61, 63–6; on Admiralty dispositions, 66–7, 70; proposes message to Thai PM, 101; on ABDA area, 112–14, 119–20, 133–4; on aid to NZ, 18–19, 63, 121, 172, 214, 215–16, 219–20, 222–3, 233, 235–6, 245–6, 293; on Anzac area, 129–30, 132–4, 144–5, 151, 153–4, 165; on Far East Council, 134–5, 137–40, 146–7, 150–1; on Pacific War Council, 143–4, 145–6, 157, 174–5, 187; on areas of command in Far East, 170–5; correspondence with Roosevelt, 173–5, 179–82, 185–6, 235; confers with Roosevelt, 57–8, 112n, 288n, 290n, 293, 459n, 462n; requests for aid from Fraser, 122–8, 213–15, 218–19, 220–2, 223–30, 234, 241–5, 246–7, 288–90, 295; on NZ aid page 559 to Fiji, 327; advised of withdrawal of 3 NZ Div, 455; visits 2 NZ Div in Italy, 455n; on operations against Japan, 458–64, 488–90, 492; at Potsdam Conference, 490n, 491, 493. Mentioned: 25, 54, 68, 131, 159, 160, 190n, 206, 248, 404, 431n, 500n
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Clifton, Brig G. H., 530n
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Combined Chiefs of Staff (Committee), 138, 140, 142, 151–4, 156, 158, 162–3, 167–8, 174–5, 176, 178, 179, 182, 183, 184–5, 187, 188, 192, 193, 194, 195, 196, 197, 198, 200, 205, 234, 235, 240, 244, 247, 295, 297, 345, 431, 433, 434, 439, 455, 456, 460, 465, 489, 493, 527
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COMGENSOPAC, 401, 430, 437. See also Harmon, Lt-Gen M. F.
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COMSOPAC, 361n, 366, 370, 373–4, 384, 386, 387, 389–90, 392–7, 401–2, 435–6, 450. See also Ghormley, Halsey and Newton
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Cooke, Rear-Adm C. M. (USN), 349
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Coral Sea, Battle of, 358
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Craigie, Rt. Hon. Sir R. (UK Amb, Tokyo), 1, 3–5, 6n, 7, 10–11, 22, 24, 27, 29, 31, 32, 35n, 37, 42–3, 50, 58, 68–70, 99, 105
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Cranborne, Rt. Hon. Viscount (Doms Secy), 1n, 29n, 33–4, 39–40, 46, 124, 128, 142, 147, 157n, 214n, 219–20, 277n, 290, 295, 343n, 485, 487, 502n
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Crosby, Sir J. (UK Min, Bangkok), 51–3, 71, 87, 90, 92–3, 101, 106–7
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Cunningham, Lt-Gen Sir A. (GOC 8 Army), 122n
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Cunningham, Maj-Gen Sir W. (GOC Fiji), 272, 274, 280, 285, 457
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Curtin, Rt. Hon. J. (PM of Aust), 8n, 67n, 121, 130–1, 135–6, 140n, 143, 145–6, 160–4, 165, 182, 185, 192, 195, 196, 227, 288, 290, 458, 461
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Devonshire, Duke of, 336
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Dill, Fd Mshl Sir J. (Joint Staff Mission, Washington), 138, 150–2, 156, 188, 197, 226, 321, 345n
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DRACULA, operation, 463
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Duff-Cooper. See Norwich, Viscount
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Duigan, Maj-Gen Sir J. (CGS, NZ Mil Forces, 1937–41), 271, 284n
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Dutch East Indies. See Netherlands East Indies
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Dutch Government, etc. See Netherlands Government
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3rd Echelon, 207–9, 268–9
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Eden (Earl of Avon), Rt. Hon. A. (Foreign Secy, UK), 1n, 39, 48–9, 50, 91n, 126, 343n
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Evatt, Rt. Hon. Dr H. V., 173, 185, 187, 190, 192, 193, 194, 195, 196, 197, 527, 529
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Evill, Air Chief Mshl Sir D., 266
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Eyre, Lt-Col R. J. (CO 34 Bn), 361n
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Falkland Is., battle of, 337n
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Fanning I., 248, 251, 252, 272, 278, 297; defence of, 334–48
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Fanning Island Plantations Ltd., 334n
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Fiji, defence of, 22, 115–16, 126–8, 135, 155, 161, 163, 166–7, 178, 195, 196, 220n, 221, 226–8, 230, 232, 233, 237, 239–41, 244, 247–8, 249, 251–3, 257, 275, 277–97, 300–14, 337n, 338n, 339n; NZ sends troops to, 201–2, 209, 212, 245, 267–74, 286–7, 293–5, 297, 314, 316–17, 365, 374–6; US relieves NZ garrison, 318–33, 347, 349, 350, 355–7, 376; withdrawal of NZ troops, 430–1; employment of Fijian Bde Gp, 376–80, 382, 385–90, 391–400, 405–6, 466, 480–1, 485–7. Mentioned: 352, 359, 370, 403
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Fiji Defence Force, 271, 272, 274, 275, 280, 337n, 339n, 396n
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Fitch, Vice-Adm A. W. (USN), 448
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Foch, Mshl F., 113
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Forde, Rt. Hon. F. M. (PM of Aust), 8n
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FOREARM, operation. See Kavieng airfield
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Fort, Rear Adm G. H. (USN), 420
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Fraser, Rt. Hon. P. (PM of NZ), 1n; on Burma Road agreement and relations with Japan, 1940, 8–9, 11–12, 14–17, 20n, 21–2, 24–9, 30n, 31; on denunciation of Anglo-Japanese Commercial Treaty, 33; visits Middle East, etc., 1941, 34n, 63n; on relations with Japan, Sep-Dec 1941, 64, 67–8, 78, 85n, 101; on Royal Navy dispositions, 68; on support for Thailand, 83–4; NZ at war with Japan, 106; with Thailand, 109; on ABDA command, 114–16, 120–1, 134; observations following the outbreak of war with Japan, 122–8; on Anzac area, 130–1, 137, 155, 164–5, 189–90; on establishment of Far East Council in London, 135–6, 141–3, 146–9, 151, 156–7; on strategic direction of war against Japan, 137, 170, 172, 175–6, 182–3, 188–92, 194, 195–6, 201, 204–5; prefers Pacific page 560 War Council in Washington, 143, 156, 165; on Dominion representation in UK War Cabinet, 143, 150–1, 157; on defence of NZ, 126–8, 135–6, 206–9, 211–15, 218–30, 232–50, 255–8, 260–6, 271, 289–90, 295, 303, 311, 313–17, 327, 538–9; on defence of South Pacific, 268–71, 272–5, 277–9, 284–97, 299–306, 310–17; on relief of NZ garrisons, Fiji and Tonga, 318–19, 323–9, 331–3; on defence of Fanning I., 342, 343–8; on 3 NZ Div, 361–2, 382, 385n, 388, 402–6, 411, 427, 431–6, 441n, 444, 453–6; on employment of Fijian units with 3 NZ Div, 376, 378, 386n, 387, 396–8, 400, 405–6; on NZ participation in final operations against Japan, 458, 461–2, 464, 471, 475n, 489–92; on occupation of Japan, 512–14, 516–17, 521–8; views on situation in Far East, Nov 1939, 538–9. Mentioned: 39, 40, 46, 48, 66, 129n, 383n, 410n, 413, 415, 424, 429, 442, 445n, 468, 476, 477
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[Telegrams sent through the Governor-General in 1940 have been included above.]
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French Oceania, 248, 251, 252, 297
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Freyberg, Lt-Gen Lord, reinforcement of 2 NZ Div, 243, 293, 454, 456; on operations against Japan, 464n, 468–74, 477–86, 490–1, 494–6; on employment of Fiji Bde with NZ force against Japan, 480–1, 486; on occupation of Japan, 511–24, 526. Mentioned: 216n
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George VI, HM King, 106n, 326, 425, 451
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Gerbrandy, Dr P. S. (PM of Netherlands), 171
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Germany, alliance with Japan, 10, 28, 231, 253; threat to UK, 18, 23; her Navy, 19, 63, 206n; campaign in Russia, 35n, 65, 110, 182, 245; relations with Japan, 41, 70; defeat of, 455, 459, 463–4, 473, 481, 497. Mentioned: 34n, 84, 181, 184, 216
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Ghormley, Vice-Adm R. L. (COMSOPAC, 1942), 204, 262–3, 264, 265–6, 300, 303, 304, 305, 306, 312, 324, 326–8, 332, 351–3, 360, 361, 365, 368, 396n
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Glassford, Vice-Adm W. A. (USN), 195
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Goddard, Air Mshl Sir V. (CAS, RNZAF, 1941–43), 159n, 164, 188, 231, 236, 257, 286
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Guadalcanal, 368–70, 379, 390n, 401, 402, 406n, 408–9, 416–17, 420–1, 447, 450
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Hague Convention (3rd), 106
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Halifax, Rt. Hon. Earl of (UK Amb, Washington), 35, 38, 43, 53, 64, 66, 74–7, 79–81, 82, 84–7, 88–91, 93, 94–8, 99, 102, 108
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Appreciation of probable Japanese policy in Far East, Nov 1939, 531–3, 534
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Halsey, Fleet Adm W. F. (COMSOPAC, 1942–44), 361n, 362, 366, 374–5, 377n, 385, 386, 388–9, 390, 392n, 393, 398n, 400, 401n, 402–4, 431, 433–9, 441, 442, 452, 508n
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Harmon, Lt-Gen M. F. (US Army), 369, 383–5, 388, 390, 401, 406, 417, 436–7, 451
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Harrison, L. (US Min, Switzerland), 504
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Hirohito, Emperor of Japan, 95–7, 98n, 99, 102–4, 106n, 504–8
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Home Defence Forces (NZ), 216, 354n, 360, 363, 366, 373, 377
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Home Fleet, C-in-C, 67
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Horan, Rear-Adm H. E. (Chief of NZ Naval Staff, 1938–40), 341
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Hull, Cordell (US Secy of State), 27–30, 43n, 60–4, 66, 72–82, 84–5, 97–8, 102
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Illustrious, HMS, 173
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Imperial War Cabinet, 133, 149. See alsoUK War Cabinet
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India, closing of Burma Road, its effect on, 6–7; on denunciation of Indo-Japanese Convention, 1934, 42; and ABDA area, 114, 117, 119; defence of, 179–82, 235–6, 243, 245, 258–9, 459, 519; US access to bases in, 184, 186; threatened by Japan, 225, 230–1, 358; and occupation of Japan, 528, 529. Mentioned: 22, 112, 172, 310
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Indo-China, French, Japanese forces enter, Sep 1940, 28; Japan demands bases in, 35, 38–9, 40, 43, 46, 49; Japan occupies, 55, 57; as base for Japanese aggression, 62, 65, 68n, 69, 80, 91; Japanese withdrawal proposed, 72, 74–9, 95; Japan reinforces, 86n, 87–8, 97–100, 102–4. Mentioned: 32, 36, 37, 44, 51, 85, 119, 179, 199, 475, 498, 499, 501, 511
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Indo-Japanese Convention, 42
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Ishihara (Company), 41
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Italy, 18, 28n, 206n, 462n; 2 NZ Div in, 434, 455, 461, 464, 468n, 476, 479, 488, 495, 496, 512, 517, 518, 519, 520, 524–5
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Japan, relations with UK and USA, 1940, 1–31; in 1941, 32–78; relations with China, 2–15; on Burma Road, 6–7, 10, 12–17, 22–4, 27–9, 30n, 31n; relations with Russia, 35; with Germany, 18, 23, 34n, 41; threatens Indo-China, 36–40, 43–4, 49; occupies Indo-China, 65, 69–70, 87–8; US and UK embargo on exports to, 38n, 41n, 45–7, 65; threatens Thailand, 44, 51–7, 79–81, 83–4, 86–7, 91–3, 95, 97–9, 101–2; occupies Thailand, 105n, 107–8; outbreak of war, 79–106, 122–3; likely objectives, 111–12; defeat of, 497–509; occupation of, 510–30 [References to the conduct of operations against Japan have not been indexed.]
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Japanese policy in Far East, appreciation by Lord Halifax, Nov 1939, 531–3
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Joint Chiefs of Staff, Washington, 184, 196, 198, 200, 256, 300, 527n
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Joint Staff Mission, Washington, 142, 153, 247–8, 250, 286n, 290, 294, 296, 298, 347, 507, 521
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Jones, Hon. F. (Min of Defence), 284n, 351, 354, 360, 361, 362, 363, 376, 439, 456
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Jordan, Rt. Hon. Sir W. (HC for NZ in UK), 134, 172, 183, 209, 223, 227, 244, 245, 250, 260, 320
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Jupp, Cdre S. D. (USN), 390
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Kermadec Is., 347
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King, Fleet Adm E. J. (C-in-C US Fleet), 140, 186–8, 190, 191, 193, 195, 198, 202, 203, 262–3, 264, 265–6, 298, 300, 301, 303, 305, 313, 318–19, 320–3, 327–32, 346–9
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Knox, Frank (US Secy of Navy), 84
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Kra Isthmus, threatened by Japan, 71, 81, 83–4, 98; Britain discusses defence of, 86–7, 89, 92
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Lake, Cdre Sir A. (Chief of NZ Naval Staff, 1942–45), 349
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Larsen, Maj-Gen H. L. (USMC), 299
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Leander, HMNZS, 342
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Leary, Vice-Adm H. F. (Commander Anzac Naval Force), 195, 223n, 227, 237
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Lethbridge, Maj-Gen J. S., 413
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Lothian, Lord (UK Amb, Washington), 3, 12, 27n, 28–31, 35n, 534
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Luke, Sir H. (Gov of Fiji, 1938–42), 267, 268n, 270, 272n, 273, 274, 276, 280, 282–6, 290, 302, 305, 320, 330, 336, 340, 342
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Lyttelton, Capt Rt. Hon. O. (Min of State, Middle East), 125
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MacArthur, Gen of Army D. (Sup Comd, SW Pacific, 1942–45), 176, 177, 182, 186–94, 204–5, 461, 493, 494, 496: Sup Comd, Allied Powers in Japan, 506–8, 518n, 527n, 529n, 530
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McIntosh, A. D. (Secy, NZ War Cabinet), 386n
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Magruder, Brig-Gen J. (US Mil Mission, China), 61n
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MAINYARD (Guadalcanal), 390
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Malaya, closing of Burma Road, affect on, 7; defence of, 21–2, 49, 54–5, 290–1; threatened by Japan, 25, 39–40, 69, 81, 88, 91, 95, 100–2, 104–6; UK to restrict Japanese shipping in, 36; Japan invades, 105n, 123, 127, 169, 232, 289, 357; in ABDA area, 113, 116; South-East Asia Comd plans for, 477, 501, 511. Mentioned: 41, 71, 111, 115, 184, 199, 475, 498, 499
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Manus I. See Admiralty Is.
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Marshall, Gen G. C. (Chief of Staff, US Army), 155, 188, 193, 196, 197, 201, 222n, 250, 259, 261, 266, 305, 321, 323, 330, 331
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Mead, Maj-Gen O. H. (GOC Pacific Section, 2 NZEF), 154, 202, 306, 324–5, 332–3, 457
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Menzies, Rt. Hon. R. G. (PM of Aust), 8–9, 14–15, 17, 21–2, 54, 67n, 111, 159
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MERCANTILE, operation. See Admiralty Is.
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Missouri, USS, 508n
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Mitchell, Maj-Gen Sir P. (Gov of Fiji, 1942–44), 330, 376, 377, 379, 386, 391–3, 396, 398–400, 403n, 405
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Morgan, Gen Sir W., 519
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Mountbatten, Adm of the Fleet Earl, 458, 460, 464, 485, 489, 494, 500, 511, 515
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Murphy, Col W., 409
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Myers, Rt. Hon. Sir M., 340
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Nash, Rt. Hon. W. (Deputy PM of NZ), on naval dispositions in Pacific, 34–5; on economic measures against Japan, 38–40, 42n, 46–8, 50; on situation in Far East, 55–7; on issue of warning to Japan, 60; appointed NZ Minister, Washington, 149; on Dominion representation in direction of war, 149–57; on division of strategic responsibility between UK and USA, 183–6; on Pacific commands, 186–7, 192–4; on Pacific War Council in Washington, 187–8, 193–4; on directives to Pacific commanders, 196–203; on defence of NZ, 155, 216–17, 222n, 234–5, 236, 244, 249, 250–1, 261, 263–4, 301n; on defence of South Pacific, 279–80, 298, 305, 307–10, 313; on relief of NZ garrisons in Fiji and Tonga, 318–25, 327n, 328–32; on relief of Fanning I. garrison, 346, 347, 348; congratulates 3 NZ Div, 413, 415; on NZ manpower problems, 413, 430–1, 433; on NZ participation in final operations against Japan, 464–8, 472, 476–7, 480, 484–7; on employment of Fijian troops with NZ force, 480, 485–7. Mentioned: 68, 189–90, 195, 227, 471, 497
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NECAL. See New Caledonia
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Netherlands East Indies, relations with Japan, 2; threatened by Japan, 18, 20–1, 25–6, 27n, 30n, 39–40, 44, 47, 65, 69, 89, 95, 100, 102; Australia and NZ on guarantee to 54–6; USA and UK promise support to, 91–4; within ABDA Command, 113, 116–17; on Pacific War Council, 145, 170–1, 177, 181; defence of, 223n, 224, 230; Japanese occupy, 251. Mentioned: 77, 104, 156, 475
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Netherlands East Indies, Gov-Gen of, 30n, 114n
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Netherlands (Dutch) Government, 30n, 85, 91–2, 94, 99–100, 108, 116, 120, 133–6, 138–9, 143, 146, 148, 149n, 152, 178, 187, 197, 199, 205, 306, 493, 501
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Netherlands Staff Mission, 152
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New Britain, 166, 418, 445
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New Caledonia, 161, 163, 166, 178, 195, 196, 221, 230, 232, 233; defence of, 247, 251–3, 296–7, 300, 307, 309, 322, 361; 3 NZ Div garrisons, 363, 370–1, 374, 375, 384, 387, 388, 391, 425; 3 Div leaves for Solomons, 401–2, 406, 416–17; 3 Div returns to, 439–45, 450–3, 455
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New Georgia I., 404, 417, 420
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New Guinea, 119, 129, 140, 161, 166, 200, 272, 359, 379, 408, 475
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New Ireland, 429n, 435n, 445
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Newton, Vice-Adm J. H. (USN) (COMSOPAC, 1944–45), 438, 441–4, 452
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New Zealand (Government), views on Far Eastern policy, 1940, 8–9, 14–17, 24–8; on closing of Burma Road, 14–17, 27–9; promises support for USA, 30–1, 48; threat of Japanese invasion, 18, 21–2; on denunciation of Anglo-Japanese Commercial Treaty, 33, 38–40, 42–3; on US Pacific Fleet dispositions, 34–5; supports US embargo on Japan, 46–7; ends trade agreement with Japan, 50; views on situation, Aug 1941, 55–7; on warning to Japan, 60, 64; attitude in event of Japanese attack on Russia, 67–8; on page 563 Japanese Note to USA, 78; on support for Thailand, 56–7, 83–4; associated with Note to Japan, 100–1; declares war on Japan, 106; war on Thailand, 109; approves Gen Wavell's appointment to ABDA command, 114–16; on directive to Wavell, 120–1; on ABDA area, 120–1, 124–6, 136–7, 141–2, 148–9, 224–5; danger of attack on, 110, 112, 121–8; Dominion representation in direction of war, 125–6, 128, 133–4, 135–6, 141–3, 146–8, 150–1, 152–3, 157; and Anzac area, 130–2, 137, 141–2, 153, 155; liaison with Gen Wavell's HQ, 134, 136, 140; and Far East Council, 135–6, 137–40, 141–4, 146–8, 151, 152, 156; and Pacific War Council, 143, 145, 150, 157, 170, 172, 177–8; extension of Anzac area, 159–68; Churchill promises aid to, 172; on subdivision of Pacific commands, 170–2, 175–6, 182–4, 190–2, 194, 195–6, 201, 204–5; US sends division to, 180, 185; proposes discussions with Aust., 189–90; reinforces Fiji and Tonga, 209, 212, 268–74, 276–95, 300; seeks aid from US, 229–30, 244, 246–7, 288–90, 294–7, 300–2, 303–6, 309–12, 314; on defence of New Caledonia, 296–7, 300; on defence of Western Samoa, 297, 299, 301; garrisons on Fiji and Tonga relieved by US, 318–33, 349–50; defence of Fanning Island, 334–48; responsible for defence of Tonga, 374; forms 3 NZ Div for service in Pacific, 349–429; withdrawal of 2 NZEF IP, 430–44, 450–6; participation in operations against Japan, 458–96; defeat of Japan, 508–9; occupation of Japan, 510–30. Mentioned: 69, 80n, 154, 267n. See also Fraser, Rt. Hon. P. and New Zealand, Defence of
-
New Zealand, Defence of, 18–19, 121, 126–8, 135–6, 155, 167, 172, 180–1, 185, 188, 206–66, 271, 289–90, 293, 295, 303, 307–11, 313–17, 327, 356–60
-
New Zealand, Fraser's views on Australian and New Zealand defence, 538–9
-
NZ Chiefs of Staff, 127, 160, 190, 194, 195, 196; on Japanese threat to NZ, 231–2, 236, 357; on defence of NZ, 198, 231–2, 233, 236, 244–5, 247n, 255, 256, 261, 265, 309; on defence of Fiji and Tonga, 273–4, 276–9; appreciation on defence of Fiji, 302–4, 305; consider US Joint Working Cttee report, 307, 310; on relief of NZ garrison in Fiji, 324–5; on defence of Fanning I., 344; recommend 2 Div remain overseas, 388; on occupation of Japan, 526, 528, 530
-
NZ Chiefs of Staff Committee, 334n
-
NZ Defence Plan, report by UK Chiefs of Staff on, 251–4, 255
-
2 NZ Division, in Middle East and Italy, 208, 373, 384, 395, 434, 468n; retention in ME, 185, 233, 235–6, 242–3, 317, 388, 404–5, 438, 454–6, 462, 464; reinforcement of, 288, 316, 375n, 377–8, 380–2; participation in final operations against Japan, 434, 440, 461–2, 472–96; forms brigade for occupation duties in Japan, 510–30
-
3 NZ Division, Pacific, formation and employment of, 349–429; reports on operations, 416–26, 445–52; proposed reinforcement by Fiji Bde, 376–83, 385–400; reorganised as two-bde division, 390–1, 397, 399n; withdrawal and disbandment of, 430–57; use as reinforcements for 2 Div, 405, 462, 468–70, 481, 484, 526
-
2 NZEF, Middle East, reinforcement of, 218, 287, 288, 293, 354, 366–7, 368, 377n; morale, 231; force for war against Japan, 461–2, 464–96; occupation force for Japan, 510–30; terms of enlistment, 514n
-
2 NZEF in Pacific, 360n, 376, 441n; withdrawal and disbandment, 430–57
-
NZ Forces—
-
NZ Naval Attaché (Liaison Officer), Washington, 286n, 290, 294n, 308, 349
-
NZ Naval Board, 110, 133, 140n, 237
-
NZ Supply Mission, 146n
-
NZ War Cabinet, on guarantee to Netherlands East Indies, 39; supports US economic sanctions, 46; on location of Far East Council, 156; on subdivision of Pacific area, 195, 196; on defence of NZ, 255–6, 357, 360; on defence of Fiji and Tonga, 275, 280, 284, 302, 396n; on formation and employment of 3 NZ Div, 351n, 353–4, 360–5, 367–76, 379–85, 388, 390–1, page 564 399, 401–2, 409, 413; on employment of Fiji Bde, 378–9, 386n, 387n, 396n, 400; on manpower situation in NZ, 405, 430, 437–8, 439–40; on withdrawal of 2 NZEF IP, 430, 437–8, 439–40, 441–2, 444–5, 450–1; on participation in final operations against Japan, 456, 464, 467, 471–4, 477, 480, 483–4, 491, 495; on maintenance of 2 NZ Div in Middle East, 456, 477; on occupation of Japan, 513
-
‘N’ Force (Norfolk I.), 375
-
Nimitz, Fleet Adm C. W. (C-in-C Pacific Ocean Area), 129, 193, 196, 197, 202, 264–6, 306, 320, 348, 442, 444
-
Nomura, Adm K. (Japanese Amb, Washington), 57, 59, 63, 75, 77–8, 88
-
Norwich, Viscount (Rt. Hon. A. Duff Cooper), Resident Min, Singapore, 125, 134, 289
-
Nurnberg, 337n
-
octagon (Second Quebec Conference), 462
-
Orion, German raider, 213n
-
Pacific War Council (London), 157–8, 162, 165, 169–70, 174–5, 177–8, 223, 233
-
Pacific War Council (Washington), 143, 145, 150, 157n, 174–5, 177–8, 187–8, 193–4, 203, 205, 262, 265n
-
Park, Brig R. S. (NZ MLO, London), 212, 223, 231–4, 236, 251, 255, 276, 277–8, 283, 288, 350, 472, 475–6
-
Parkinson, Maj-Gen G. B., 518
-
Parry, Adm Sir E. (Chief of NZ Naval Staff, 1940–42), 35, 154, 159n, 164, 188, 231, 236, 271, 284n, 349
-
Passfield, Lord (Secy for Colonies), 334
-
Pearl Harbour, 105n, 193, 289, 348
-
Philippines, 54, 75, 88–9, 100, 104, 111, 113–17, 123, 127, 186, 187, 200, 289, 462, 465, 489
-
Phillips, Adm Sir T. (C-in-C Eastern Fleet), 98
-
Pibul Songgram, Fd Mshl Luang (PM of Thailand), 51–3, 65, 70–1, 83, 87, 89, 101–2, 106–7
-
Price, Maj-Gen C. F. B. (USMC), 431
-
Prinz Eugen, 179
-
Puttick, Lt-Gen Sir E. (CGS, NZ Mil Forces, 1941–45), 188, 197, 217, 230, 284n, 444; on defence of NZ, 231–2, 233, 234, 237, 250, 251, 255n, 264, 266; on formation and employment of 3 NZ Div, 350–68, 370, 372, 374, 391, 401, 402n, 406, 410, 412, 414, 415, 426–7, 429, 435, 437; on employment of Fiji Bde, 376n, 377–9, 383, 385–90, 392–4, 396–400, 453; on NZ participation in operations against Japan, 466, 470, 477n, 483
-
Quebec Conference (octagon), 462
-
Queen Elizabeth, HMS, 173
-
Renown, HMS, 67
-
Resolution, HMS, 67n
-
Revenge, HMS, 67n
-
Rommel, Fd Mshl E., 179
-
Roosevelt, F. D. (President of USA), warns Japan, 57–9, 61–2, 80, 86–9; Konoye's message to, 61, 72; and discussions with Kurusu, 72–3, 79n, 95; assures UK Govt of support, 90–2; discussions with Lord Halifax, 94–6, 102; on support for Thailand, 82, 84–5, 88–90, 94–7, 101; message to Japanese Emperor, 98n, 99, 102–4; recommends declaration of war with Japan, 105; agreement with Churchill, 112–14; part in strategic direction of war, 119–20, 134, 135, 138, 142, 150, 151–2, 154; proposals for Anzac and ABDA areas, 129–30, 138, 154; on Far East Council, 147, 149, 152; on Pacific War Council, 143, 145–6, 150, 157, 187; on defence of New Zealand, 155, 180–1, 188, 224, 227, 229, 248–9, 265n; extension of Anzac area, 159–60, 162, 164–5; division of page 565 strategic responsibility in Pacific, 170–8, 181–5, 189–93, 202–3; correspondence with Churchill, 173–5, 179–82, 185–6; approves directives to Pacific commanders, 197; despatch of division to NZ, 235–6, 242–5, 247; Fraser's thanks to, 248–9; confers with Churchill, 57–8, 112n, 288n, 293, 459n, 462n; approves US assumption of responsibility for Fiji and South Pacific islands, 300n, 319–21; on retention of 2 NZ Div in Middle East, 185, 235–6, 242–3, 404. Mentioned: 43n, 123, 156, 183, 290, 431n
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75 (NZ) Squadron, 214n
-
Royal NZ Air Force, 215, 221, 231, 263–6, 310, 312, 325, 388, 403, 416, 434, 488, 489, 491, 511, 512, 515, 529
-
Royal Sovereign, HMS, 67n
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Russia (USSR), Japan denounces neutrality pact with, 35; Japanese threat to, 44, 65–7, 246, 358; supports Allies, 62; resists German attacks, 67, 110; UK and US aid to, 182; and defeat of Japan, 497, 500, 504, 507. Mentioned: 23, 32, 38n, 61, 111, 179
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Samoa, defence of, 181, 247, 251–3, 295, 297, 299–301, 307–9, 311, 322, 330
-
Samoan Defence Force, 431n
-
Saunders, Air Chief Mshl Sir H. (CAS, RNZAF, 1939–41), 271, 284n, 471
-
Scharnhorst, 19
-
Shafroth, Rear-Adm J. F. (USN), 431
-
Shanghai, Japan demands withdrawal of British garrison, 3, 6
-
Sidi Rezegh, 2 NZ Div at, 373
-
Singapore, defence of, 18, 127, 133, 223n; UK requests aid from Aust for, 22, 269; visit by US squadron, 30; importance of, 54–6, 70–1; threatened by Japan, 81–2, 86, 111; bombed by Japan, 105; surrender of, 224; recapture of, 473, 489, 494, 511. Mentioned: 3, 34, 41, 62–3, 113, 114n, 115, 125, 169, 170, 171, 181, 184, 193, 199, 206, 215, 279, 341n, 357, 519
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Solomon Is., 200, 272, 306, 385, 389, 390, 392, 393, 394, 397, 399, 402, 406, 416, 434
-
Somerville, Adm of Fleet Sir J. (C-in-C Eastern Fleet), 173, 175
-
Songgram, Fd Mshl Luang Pibul. See Pibul Songgram
-
South-East Asia Command, 459, 464, 466, 469–71, 474–80, 482–6, 488, 491, 495, 500–1, 507, 511
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South Pacific Area, 77, 104, 193, 194, 198, 199, 205, 263, 266, 306, 361, 369n, 383, 385, 402, 415, 418, 425, 426, 439, 450, 452
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South-West Pacific Area, 59–61, 113n, 186, 187, 194, 197–8, 199, 200, 204, 205, 219, 226, 237, 255, 475, 488, 489, 493, 510, 515
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Stettinius, E. R. (US Secy of State), 505n
-
Stevens, Maj-Gen W. G., 514
-
Stewart, Maj-Gen Sir K. (Deputy CGS, NZ Mil Forces), 367n, 372–4, 376n, 387, 394, 395, 529n
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Sunda Straits, 169, 199, 499
-
Tactical Air Force, for occupation of Japan, 510, 512, 515, 525
-
Thailand (Siam), Anglo-Thai non-aggression pact ratified, 22; Japanese threat to, 44, 51–4, 56–7, 62; PM appeals to UK, 52–3, 65, 87; Japanese attack imminent, 79–81, 83, 86–93, 95, 99–101; UK and USA assure aid to, 70–1, 95–8, 101–2; Japanese land at Singora, 105n; signs agreement with Japan, 106–7; declares war, 108–9. Mentioned: 104, 119, 179, 199, 475, 498, 499, 501, 510–11
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Thompson, Maj-Gen C. F. (US Army), 396, 398
page 566 -
Tonga, 115, 154n, 228, 430–1; defence of, 272–4, 276–8, 279n, 280–2, 284–5, 292, 339n, 374–5. 393, 398; US relieves NZ garrison on, 318–33, 361, 362–7, 372, 390
-
Tonga Defence Force, 273, 274, 282n, 306, 322, 330–1, 338n, 339n, 396n
-
Treasury I., 408–9, 410n, 414–15, 417, 420–2, 424, 435, 438, 445–6, 450–1
-
Truman, H. (President of USA), 488, 490n, 493, 502, 507, 508n
-
Turner, Rear-Adm R. K. (USN), 349
-
Unden, B. O., 504
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United Kingdom, relations with Japan, 1940, 1–31; with Japan and Thailand, 1941, 32–78; on Burma Road, 3–13, 16–17, 22–4, 28–9; on Anglo-Japanese Commercial Treaty, 32, 36–7, 40–2, 50; on Japanese occupation of Indo-China, 43–4, 48–9, 57, 72–3; supports US trade embargo, 45–6; on armed support of USA, 47–8, 58–9; assistance to Thailand, 51–3, 70–1; warning to Japan, 58–62, 64, 91; on assurances to Thailand, 83, 89–91, 96–7; note to Netherlands Govt, 91–4; note to Japan, 100–1; declares war on Japan, 105–6; Thailand declares war on, 108–9; directive to Gen Wavell, 116–20; on ABDA and Anzac areas, 136–42, 144–6, 162, 165; on Far East Council, 139, 143, 148; promises to help NZ, 172; on Pacific War Council, 175, 178; division of strategic responsibility with USA, 169–205; on despatch of 3rd Echelon, 208–9, 268–9; on defence of NZ, 206–14, 219, 222–3, 227, 235, 240, 242–4, 260; defence of, 275–6; defence of Fiji and Tonga, 270, 272–4, 276, 278, 280–3, 285, 287, 289, 291, 301, 305, 319–21, 325–6, 396; defence of Fanning I., 334–7, 339, 341–5, 346–8; food requirements of, 430–1, 433, 439; on operations against Japan, 462, 466–7, 470–2, 485–6, 494–5; defeat of Japan, 505, 507; occupation of Japan, 510–11, 513, 518n, 520, 524–6, 529. Mentioned: 81, 86n, 114, 122, 151, 245, 267n, 496, 515n
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UK Chiefs of Staff, on situation in Far East, 20–2, 110n, 126–8, 540–52; on proposed Far East Council, 138; on Anzac area, 153, 161–2; on division of strategic responsibility with USA, 171, 173, 185; on defence of NZ, 233, 247–8, 249–50, 260, 314; report on NZ defence plan, 251–4, 255–7; urge USA to reinforce Fiji, 294; on withdrawal of 2 NZEF IP, 433–4; on operations against Japan, 458–61, 471–2, 475–7, 489, 493–4; and defeat of Japan, 499–500; occupation of Japan, 527–8, 530. Mentioned: 119–20, 123, 125, 152, 208, 223n, 242, 289, 297n, 413n
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UK Joint Staff Mission (Washington), 138, 152, 197
-
UK War Cabinet, considers Far Eastern situation, 6, 110; on Burma Road agreement with Japan, 29; on support for USA in event of war with Japan, 31; Dominion representation on, 143, 146, 148, 150; and strategic responsibility, 175, 187
-
UK War Office, 210, 283, 288, 350, 394, 396, 398, 477, 494, 495–6, 517, 519
-
United Nations, 152, 166, 172, 255, 260, 345, 349; UN Council, 187; conference at San Francisco, 464n
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United States of America, relations with Japan, 1940, 1–12, 14–16, 18–20, 23, 25–31; on situation in Far East, 1941, 34–5, 37; embargo on exports to Japan, 38n, 39, 41n; and denunciation of Anglo-Japanese Commercial Treaty, 37, 41–2; support from in event of war, 47–8, 54–6, 67–8, 82–5; freezes Japanese assets, 43–7, 52–3; aid to Thailand, 51–3, 70–1, 89–92, 101; warns Japan, 57–64, 66, 86–8, 93, 95–6; discussions with Kurusu and Nomura, 72–8, 79–80, 85, 95–6; attitude to China, 79; Roosevelt's message to Emperor of Japan, 98, 102, 103–4; declares war on Japan, 105; Thailand declares war on, 108–9; and directive to Wavell, 116–20; on establishing Anzac area, 130–1, 133; control of Pacific, ABDA and Anzac areas, 113–14, 133, 136, 139, 142, 151; on Far East Council, 143, 148; extension of Anzac area, 161–2, 165–6; division of strategic responsibility with UK, 169–205; and defence of NZ, 121, 209–10, 219, 222, 224, 226–7, 229, 230, 240, 252–4, 258–9, 266; sends troops to NZ, 233, 235, 236, 242, 246, 249, 261–2, 332; responsibility for defence of South Pacific islands, 248, 252–4; reinforces South Pacific, 231, 233, 286–94, 296–99, 301, 304–12, 314, 316–17, 353; relieves NZ garrisons in Fiji and Tonga, 318–33, 349, 363; relieves NZ garrison on Fanning I., 345–8; offensive strategy in Pacific, 357–8, 360; final operations against Japan, 459, 462, 465, 489, 493; defeat of Japan, 502, 504–7; occupation of Japan, 518n, 521, 523–4, 529. Mentioned: 65, 123, 144, 146, 206n, 209, 244, 366, 369, 374n, 378, 495–6
page 567 -
US Asiatic Fleet, 81
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US Chiefs of Staff, 119–20, 125, 129, 138, 152, 154–5, 169, 170, 174–5, 178, 181, 185, 187, 193, 194, 195, 202–3, 223n, 237, 258, 265n, 297n, 329, 332, 433, 434, 460–1, 464, 489, 493, 499–500, 511, 521, 528
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US Forces—
-
US Joint Working Committee, report by, 307–10; NZ comments, 310–12
-
US Naval Observer in NZ, 35
-
US Navy, 75, 114, 133, 173, 179, 203, 233, 237, 309, 310, 385, 390, 404, 427
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US Pacific Fleet, 8, 34–5, 105n, 114–15, 123, 127, 129, 132, 141, 145, 174, 180, 237, 246, 253, 289, 290, 308, 357, 461
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USSR. SeeRussia (USSR)
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Valiant, HMS, 173
-
Vella Lavella, 406–8, 410–13, 415, 417–18, 420–1, 423–4, 445, 447
-
Verduynen, Jonkheer E. M. van (Netherlands Min to UK), 91n, 93
-
Vichy Government, Japan demands bases in Indo-China from, 43, 49; agreement with Japan, 49n, 65, 69, 75, 87, 103
-
Voelcker, Col F. W., 393
-
Wahine, 441
-
Wake I., 289
-
Wales, Brig J. G. C. (Fiji Mil Forces), 376n, 392, 395, 396, 398
-
Wang Ching-wei, 532
-
Washington, establishment of NZ Legation in, 207n
-
Wavell, Fd Mshl Earl (Sup Comd SW Pacific, 1942), 112–16; directive to, 116–20; NZ comments on directive, 124–6, 136, 148; assumes command, 114n, 128, 133–4; liaison with NZ, 134, 136, 140; relinquishes command to Dutch, 114n, 157–8; on defence of Netherlands East Indies, 223. Mentioned: 154
-
Welles, Sumner (U/Secy of State, USA), 35, 49–50, 55, 79–80, 87–8, 155
-
Whyte, Cdr C. A. (USN), 449
-
Wilkinson, Vice-Adm T. S. (USN), 385–6, 403, 404–5, 420, 428, 431, 447
-
Williams, Gen Sir G. (Mil Adviser to NZ Govt, 1941), 254, 279, 280, 282n, 283