Census of New Zealand, 1864.

In the Census of 1864, there are several interesting particulars to be noticed.

The progress of Wellington then was less than that of any other province. In 1861, its population was rather more than 12,500, and in 1864 it was rather less than 15,000; of this little increase the country districts must claim nearly all. But if Wellington be so far behind the other provinces in the increase of its population, it seems to stand proportionally better than even Auckland in real progression, that is, in the cultivation of the soil; Auckland, with its population of 42,000, has 129,000 acres fenced, whilst Wellington, with only 15,000, has still managed to cultivate 127,000 acres, which is nearly three times as much in proportion to that of page 302 Auckland, a convincing proof that the actual progress of Auckland has been very trifling, and that its great increase of population was in part only temporary,—that the war brought it and peace might take it away, as it seems to have so little hold on the soil.

Of the 127,000 acres belonging to Wellington, we find them divided as follows:—Wanganui, 36,785; Rangitikei, 18,926; Pororua, 16,113; Hutt, 10,498; Wairarapa, 12,185; Town of Wellington, 908. From this it is evident that Wanganui and Rangitikei have greatly increased, and, in fact, chiefly form the province.

Another thing to be noticed is, that by far the greatest increase in population has been with the new provinces. Marlborough has more than doubled its inhabitants, and Southland more than quadrupled its; in fact, Southland, in spite of its financial difficulties, has still made the greatest progress of all the provinces, a convincing proof that were these nine provinces to be broken up into municipalities or counties, the general progression would be immediately increased.

Lighthouses on the Coast of New Zealand.

There are now eight lighthouses, five of which have been used since January 1st, 1865:—

1.	Auckland, on the Tiri Tiri Island, near the entrance of the Auckland Harbour, 300 feet above the sea level, visible for a distance of 23 miles in every direction in clear weather.
2.	Cook’s Straits, Mana Island, 450 feet above the sea level; the tower is 70 feet high; it is visible 29 nautical miles.
3.	Wellington, on Pencarrow Head, at the entrance of Wellington Harbour, 420 feet above sea level, and is visible 30 miles off.page 303
4.	Soames Island lighthouse, in the Wellington Harbour.
5.	Nelson lighthouse on the S. W. end of the Boulder Bank, visible 12frac12; nautical miles, 60 feet above high water.
6.	Canterbury, Godley Head lighthouse, on the N. W. entrance to Lyttelton Harbour, visible 27 miles; tower 30 feet high.
7.	Otago, Tairoa’s Head lighthouse, on the east side of the entrance to Otago Harbour, visible 18 miles.
8.	Foveaux Straits, Dog Island, off the entrance to the Bluff Harbour, 150 feet above sea level; the tower is built of native stone of a grey color, and is 118 feet high.

Telegraphs.—A line is now finished, and is working from the Bluff to Wellington, thus connecting Dunedin, Christchurch, Nelson, and Wellington together. Auckland also has a line from the city to Onehunga.

Railroads.—At present the longest line is, perhaps, that from the Bluff to Invercargill, a distance of about 20 miles. The next is from Heathcote to Christchurch; on the completion of the tunnel now being driven through the lip of the crater which forms Lyttelton Harbour, it will run direct to that port. It is also being carried on beyond Christchurch, eventually to reach Dunedin and Invercargill. It is a mark of the progress of the province and of the Middle Island generally. At Auckland a railroad has been long under construction, to connect the city with Onehunga. The work is for the present in abeyance, but, doubtless, will soon be renewed and finished.

The mention of the New Zealand Banks must not be omitted, although all of them are of very recent origin, their progress is something wonderful. The Bank of New Zealand is paying an annual dividend of 17 per cent. The Bank of Otago 6 per cent. The Bank of Auckland 10 per cent.; and the Commercial Bank of New Zealand 10 per cent.

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The Colony has also now its Fire and Marine Insurance Company, called The New Zealand Marine Company, established in 1859.

The progress of Steam in New Zealand has been very rapid. Some ten years ago the colony did not possess a single vessel; the first, I believe, was the Emu, which was built in Auckland, then a small one was obtained, which gave rise to the Wellington Steam Company, which now own a considerable number; the Otago people were not behind; they possess several. Different places also have become owners of steamers, which bear their names, and render their transit from place to place quite easy and regular without delay. Good frequently comes out of apparent evil, and this was the case with the steam navigation, which would not have progressed so rapidly but for the war, which, by closing the roads by land, compelled all to travel by water.

The transit of troops, stores, ammunition, &c., also gave a helping hand, and thus steam power is now permanently established in New Zealand, there are steamers plying on most of our rivers and some of our lakes. New Zealand has likewise the honor of uniting with the Australian colonies in subsidising and supporting the Peninsular and Oriental Steam Company, and, still later, in aiding and procuring the establishment of the Panama line, Melbourne and New Zealand being its chief supporters.

Nor has this terminated the efforts of the colony. We have lines of coaches traversing the length and breadth of the Middle Island, and in the northern one running as far as Wanganui and Wairarapa; at Auckland coaches run as far as the Waikato, a distance of about 40 miles, and perhaps by this time the lines are extended up the Waikato, to all the fresh-founded towns on its banks. Roads are at present in their infancy, still some attention has been paid to them; the longest line of coaches is from Lyttelton to Dunedin.

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A List of the earliest Works printed in Maori.

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Government Maori Publications.

“Te Karere o nui Tireni,” No. 1, Akarana Hanuere 1, 1842, a monthly publication. “He pukapuka ra tenei kia mohio ai te tangata Maori Ki nga tikanga me nga ritenga o te Pakeha; Kia mohio ai ano hoki te Pakeha Ki nga ritenga o te tangata Maori.” This is a book to teach the Maori the laws and customs of the English, and the English those of the Maori; not very likely to benefit the latter, as it was solely in Maori; it continued four years to the end of 1845.

“The Maori Messenger,” Auckland. (No. 1), January 4, 1849.

“Te Karere Maori,” folio, English and Maori, a very copious and interesting journal. It terminated with Governor Grey’s stay. Another paper succeeded it after Governor Grey’s departure, called “The Maori Messenger.”

“Te Karere Maori,” January 1st, 1855, Auckland; it continued until the return of Governor Grey, having dwindled down to nothing; this seems to be the last Maori publication with official notices from the Government to the natives, except Gazettes.

Twelve numbers of “Government Communications,” of new laws, battles won, and Maories killed.

“Te Kai Whakamata ara o nga iwi erua na te tika i toa ai Turei,” Huni 6, 1848. Te utu etoru pene, 3d. Williamson and Wilson, Auckland.

“Te Whetu o te Tau,” Akarana, Huni 1, 1858.

“He Nupepa Maori, Ko te ao marama,” or, New World. Port Nicholson, September 20, 1849, English and Maori, printed by “Wellington Independent.”

“Te waka o te Iwi.” Akarana, Oketopa, 1857.

“Te Hokioi e rere atuna,” Ngaruawahia Tihema, 1862.

Ko te Kaimahi kia wiwi ki tona utu etoru pene tan e Whakarite ai, the last number seen, dated February 15, 1863. The Maori King’s paper, entirely conducted by the natives, and printed at their press, 3d.

“Te Pihoihoi mokemoke Taunga i te Tuanui,” Pep 2, 1863.

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Otawhao i taia Ki te perehi o te Kura, 1863, a Government opposition paper to the Maori one.

“Te Karere o Poneke.” Taete, 17 o Hepitema, 1857, it terminated mane 27 o Tihema.

Sir George Grey published “Robinson Crusoe,” in Maori, 1858, “Bunyan’s Pilgrim’s Progress,” and several other works, for the natives.

New Zealand Press.

“The Bay of Islands Observer,” Kororarika, June 15, 1840, printed and published every Thursday morning, price 1s., by G. A. Eager and Co., proprietors. The first newspaper published in New Zealand.

Eager and Co. addressed the subscribers of the “New Zealand Advertiser and Bay of Islands Observer,” December 15th, 1840, stating that the Government were determined to fetter the Press, or suppress it :—“One thing has now become manifest, the Government of the British Colony of New Zealand does not wish for a Free Press, while, on the other hand, our feeling is, ‘a Free Press, or none at all.’ Resumed “Bay of Islands Gazette,” February 24, 1842. The intervening period being occupied by the “Government Gazette,” February 12, 1841. About this time appeared a skit on Willoughby Shortland, entitled, “Rules for Reducing a Prosperous Colony to a state of Insignificance, Poverty, and Distress, (taken from an old author) and dedicated to the Prime Minister of the Cannibal Islands,” no date or name of printer.

“Gazette Extraordinary,” New Zealand, December 30, 1840; Paihia, printed at the Press of the Church Missionary Society.

“The New Zealand Government Gazette,” No. 1, Kororarika, Bay of Islands, February 12, 1841, gratis, G. A. Eager, printer; went through 19 numbers.

“New Zealand Advertiser and Bay of Islands Gazette.”

Kororarika,” New Zealand, Thursday, February 24, 1842; it reached No. 36, October 27, 1842, succeeded by the “Auckland Chronicle” and “New Zealand Colonist.”

“Auckland Chronicle and New Zealand Colonist.” New Series.

“New Zealand Herald and Auckland Gazette,” price 9d.

“Auckland Times,” printed and published by Henry Falwasser, page 308 sole editor and proprietor. The Government having got possession of the press, Mr. Falwasser carried on the “Times” for a short period by means of a mangle, consequently it is printed only on one side. It appears that the Government at this time endeavoured to rule the Press; this occasioned a strong pamphlet to appear from Dr. Martin, who then left the colony and went to Tahaiti.

“The Southern Cross” commenced about the year 1843, which still survives, and flourishes as a daily journal (1866), of very large dimensions.

“The New Zealander” appeared 31st May 1845, and expired 1866, printed and published by J. Williamson.

“The New Zealand Gazette and Wellington Spectator,” published every Wednesday and Saturday morning, printed and published by Samuel Revans.

“New Zealand Colonist and Port Nicholson Advertiser,” printed and published every Tuesday and Friday for the proprietors, by E. Catchpool, commenced about 1840.

“Wellington Independent,” published every Wednesday and Saturday, still flourishing (1867).

“New Zealand Spectator and Cook’s Straits’ Guardian,” printed and published by Robert Stokes, Wellington, from 1842 to 1866.

“The Wellington Advertiser.”

“The Wanganui Record,” Wednesday, November 16th, 1853; printed by F. Watts, Victoria Avenue, Wanganui, New Zealand.

“Prospectus of the Wanganui Chronicle and Rangitikei Messenger,” June 1856; Rutland Hotel, Henry Stokes.

“Wanganui Chronicle,” 15th October 1856; printed and published by Henry Stokes, sole proprietor; succeeded by a Company, Mr Wicksteed being the editor, and Mr. Parkinson printer; then Mr. James Urquart Taylor, and lastly Mr. Hutchinson, 1866.

“The Wanganui Chronicle and Rangitikei Messenger,” Wanganui, New Zealand, Thursday, March 12th, 1857.

“Hutchinson’s New Zealand Pioneer of General Literature and Colonial Progress,” Saturday, October 6th, 1866, to December 22nd, 1866.

“Wanganui Times,” August 1, 1865, Tuesdays and Fridays. Walter Taylor.

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“The Evangelical and Christian Advocate,” Wellington, Aug. 12, 1853, price 4d., short duration.

“Taranaki Punch,” October 31, 1860, price 6d., very primitive.

“Canterbury Punch,” April 8th, 1865, pretty fair.

Hokitika—“The Despatch,” daily, every evening; “The Hokitika,” daily; “The West Coast Times,” daily.

“The Okarita Times,” Wednesday and Saturday.

“The Grey River Argus,” Greymouth, Wednesday and Saturday.

Nelson and Dunedin have each had papers from their commencement. Canterbury possesses two—“The Press,” and one published at Port Lyttelton. Taranaki has long had two papers. Napier and Marlborough, Timaru and Invercargill also. This is a very imperfect account of the New Zealand Press, but it chiefly refers to its commencement, and will thus assist other writers on this interesting subject.

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The increase for half-year ending 30th June, 1865, by immigration over seas, was—

After deducting the decrease in immigration (over seas) and death.

The Total Number of Acres in the possession of Europeans under Crop in the Several Electoral Districts in December 1864.

Middle Island.

The number of Acres in the possession of Europeans under Crop in the several Provinces in December 1864.

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Customs Revenue at the several Ports for Quarter ending 30th June 1865.

Value of Exports for the several Provinces during the Quarter ending June 30 1865.

Number and Tonnage of Vessels cleared outwards at the several Ports during the Quarter ending 30th June 1865.

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Revenue of the Provinces for the Quarter ending 30th June 1865.

New Zealand and Australian Tariffs.

The following are the Tariffs of New Zealand, Victoria, New South Wales, Queensland, South Australia, and Western Australia, compared as to principal articles:—

It is evident that wine, spirits, beer, &c., are charged higher on account of Western Australia being a convict island.

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Bank Returns, Quarter ending 31st March, 1866.

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Gold Exports from 1861 to 30th November 1865.

Revenue of Otago from 1861 to 30th September 1865.

Latitude and Longitude.

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Quantity and Value of Gold exported from 1st April 1857, to 31st March 1865.

Live Stock in the Possession of Europeans in the several Provinces in December 1864.

Receipts and Expenditure of the ordinary Revenue for the Quarter ending December 31st 1865.

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Total Expenditure was £171,035. 6s. 8d., leaving £71,720. 15s. 9d., to be paid to the Provinces.

Governors of New Zealand.

1.	James Busby, Esquire, was British resident at the Bay of Islands, from 1836 to 1840. He was the first British officer stationed in New Zealand. *
2.	Captain Hobson, R.N., came in February 1840, and died in Auckland, September 10, 1842.
3.	Lieutenant Shortland, R.N., Colonial Secretary, Acting Governor fifteen months.
4.	Captain Fitzroy, from December 1843 to November 1845.page 317
5 & 6.	Sir George Grey, from 1845 to 1854, (made Governor-in-Chief, with Mr. Eyre, from 1847, as Lieutenant-Governor.)
7.	Colonel Wynyard, Acting-Governor, from January 1854 to September 1855. The New Zealand Constitution.
8.	Colonel Gore Browne, from October 1855 to September 1861.
9.	Sir George Grey, from September 1861.
	Mr. Enderby had the title of Lieutenant-Governor of the Auckland Isles conferred upon him, but his reign was short and destitute of interest. He commenced a settlement in one of the Auckland Isles in 1850, as the head of a Whaling Company.