Chapter III.

The Aboriginal Tribes of the Bay of Plenty District and Voyage of the Aratawhao to Hawaiki.

The lands whence the Maori came were known as Hawaiki (Ko te huhua o nga kai, koia Hawaiki.) The tribes of Toi dwelt iu Aotearoa. The name of the whole world was Mataora. And the descendants of Raugi separated and commenced their allotted tasks in the world, in the presence of Tu, and Tane, and Tangaroa, and

for those who fall on the field of battle.

And the nations of the whole world became scattered and no sound was heard save the wailing of the Children of Tane.

Such was the origin of all evil in this world—the strife that those beings began—and the evil descended to the men of Hawaiki, and to the time of Uenuku, and of Hou, and of Ta ma-te-kapua, and of Manaia. And in the time of the great battles which men call Ihu-motomotokia, Tarai- page 8 whenua-kura, Te Tahuna a-Tara and Maikuku-tea, these evils descended upon Aotearoa. Thus evil came to this land for the first time, for the people of Aotearoa, the tribes of Toi, were not an evil people. They dwelt in peace on the earth and lived well towards each other.

Here are the tribes of the "tangata whenua" or aboriginal people of Aotearoa (New Zealand) together with the names of the ancestors from whom they sprang:—Ngatitu Tuoi sprang from Tara-roa; Tini-o-te-Makahua sprang from Ngai-nui; Tini-o-te-Marangaranga sprang from Ngai-roa; Rarau he turu kiruki sprang from Ngai whare-kiki; Rarauhe-maemae sprang from Ngai-whare-kaka; Tawa-rarau-ririki sprang from Ngai-roki; Tururu-mauku sprang from Ngai-roku; Tini-o-te-kokomuka^* sprang from Ngai roka; Tini-o-te-Kawerau sprang from Ngai-peba; Raupo-ngaueue sprang fromNgai-tafcetake; Tini-o-Toisprang from Ngai-te-huru manu; Tira Ma-aka, Hapu-oneone. Heketanga-rangi, N garara-whakawa, Kahui-k-uta, Ka-hui-ki-tai, Kahui-ki-waho, Kahui-ki-tua, Patu-paiarehe.

I will now give the descent of the Maori people from the ancient people of the land, that is from the tribes of Toi :—

Ko nga take tupuna mai tenei o nga tangata o tenei motu.

Tuoi: Te Papaka-whiroe, To Nga-rara-whakawa, Te Rakau-nango, Te Kotore-nui-o-Tawa, Te Rakau-papa-ka, Te Huruhuru-o-Puketapu, Tini-kura, Koutu, Te Papa-tu-rarangi, Waitaha-ariki-kore, Hahuru and Tu-wharetoa-i-te-au-pouri. (Incomplete.)

Te Rarauhe-maemae : Te Purotuo-te-rangi, Taitumu, Puhou-tahi, Te Kura-a-rangi, Tama-rakei-ora, Ira-tu-moana, Rangi-tuhi, Tama-poho, Te Rewa-o-te-rangi, Tahia-i-te-rangi, Patu-pakeke, and Tapu-ika. [unclear: (] plete, see ante. Three more [unclear: ges] tions to present time.

Te Makahua : Tapui-rangi [unclear: J] Amo-o-te-rangi, Pou-atua. Tu mi Te Kawe-o-rangi, Mihi-tu, Te [unclear: le] rau-tangi, Te Pae-ki-ta whiti, [unclear: Re] mai-te-ngangana, Tu-tapiri-ao-[unclear: l] go-te-ahu, Tama-rangi, Te [unclear: Pub] Kangi-i-waho and Rangi-[unclear: tuhi] ante.)

[There are many tribes of this [unclear: j] descended from Te Tini-o-te [unclear: M] hua.

Te Rarauhe-turukiruki : [unclear: Te] ko-kura, Moe-tara, Ipu-rangi Ono-ono-mai-waho, Whaene, [unclear: T] kura-tawhiti, Haurangi, Rongo-[unclear: t] awa, Ira-peke, Awa-tope, In [unclear: J] Hika-kino, Te Rangi-houhiri, [unclear: P] te-auria, Tohu-kino, Te O, [unclear: Te M] Te Arumanga, Te Kai-[unclear: takin] Tapuika. (Ngatiawa tribe, [unclear: m] generations. See ante.)

Friend! Here is another line [unclear: a] Te Rarauhe-maemae:—

Te Rarauhe-maemae: [unclear: Hin] Te Apa-apa, Pare-iti, Tihori, [unclear: p] puku, Hine-tara, Te Kohu-[unclear: tans] ko-tare, Hine-ana, Hine-[unclear: hau] rangi, Taruru, Kaha-o-te-[unclear: when] Rae-rino.

Te Tawa-rarau-ririki: [unclear: Peb] Hine-te-ariki, Hahuru, [unclear: Tuwhere] Rakei-marama, Te Kotiri, [unclear: Tub] Whiu, Te Awe, Te Ore, Te [unclear: A] Te Akau-rangi, Te [unclear: Whaka] Te Rere-kino, l. R. Katu, 2 [unclear: B] koroko. From the former [unclear: k] Ringo.

Te Tururu-mauku-: Te [unclear: K] Ipu-tere, Rau-kura, Mataka-[unclear: ara] ko-te-rangi, Noho-tu-te-[unclear: rang,] inu, Roma-i-tuki, Irawaro, [unclear: Hiks] Te Rerehu, Taraika, Te [unclear: M] Tama-hoe, Kanohi-kino, Te [unclear: B] mana Harawira and Renata [unclear: Kar].

Te Kokomuka-tutara-whare Maire-o-te-rangi, Te [unclear: Pupu] rangi, Te Rangi-whanake, [unclear: T] nui, Te Huaki-o-te-rangi, [unclear: M]

^* Sometimes called Te Tini-o-te-Kokomuka-tutara-whare.

page 9 [unclear: tara],Te Hiko-o-te-rangi, Paepae-toro, a [unclear: Teutuku.] Te Rangi atea, Roro ma-[unclear: ga,] Te Puhi-o-te-ariki, Nga-kohu-[unclear: te.] Te Ipu-whaka-tara, Tawake-a-[unclear: m]. Wainui, Rau-kura, Tamaka, [unclear: Hine]-mauku-rangi, Rangi taua, Pu-[unclear: Er] rata, Pakohu, Te Aka-kura, [unclear: Rangi]-taia, Patu-pakohu, Kai-whaka [unclear: e] Te Pori-o-te-rangi, Patu-pakeke, [unclear: uika] and H. T. Pio (Ngati-Awa [unclear: be.])

Te Kawerau : Te Kakau-o-tatan. Me-roa-taki, Te Puni, Te Puni, Mahanga, Te [unclear: Whakarau], Kur-whata, Moe-toka-[unclear: ki], Tuara, Kaahu-nui, Kaahu-tara, [unclear: and] Hine-pona who married Manu-whare

From these two sprang Manawa, [unclear: Tanu]-maoko, Pukeko, Tawari, Te Ur-waea, Patu-pakohu. Kai-whaka-es [unclear: Te] Pori-O-te-rangi, Patu-pakeke, [unclear: Tapuika] and H. Tumutara Pio.

Te Raupo-Ngaueue : Te Uaua, [unclear: Kiri], Te Hekenga, Tipaki, Te [unclear: loahi], Mahanga-i-te-rangi, Ira-kare-[unclear: Ira]-tuata, Potiki-a-rebua, Tamaka, Waipuna, Karaka. Rua, Karaka-hua [unclear: m] Kni-whakapae and Te Pori-o-te [unclear: gi]. (See ante.)

Here is the genealogy from Toi-te [unclear: Ki]-tahi through the Ngati-Awa of this district:—

Toi-te-hua-tahi: Rauru. Hatongo, [unclear: hahatiti], Rua-tapu, Tama-ki-te-ra, [unclear: ma]-ki-hiku-rangi, Rakei-ora, Wha [unclear: -Kiore,] Te Puka, Tete, Tera, Tama-[unclear: kei]-ora, Ira-tu-moana, [unclear: Rangiotuhi] tama-poho. (See ante)

I will now cease these genealogies Prom ancient times. The people who [unclear: me] from Hawaiki became mixed [unclear: Blh] the original people of this land, and the issue was numerous. Awa-[unclear: Kai] Whakatane, and Toi-te-hua-[unclear: Hahi] were the principal ancestors, and [unclear: the] descendants of these extend as [unclear: hr] as Ngapuhi and away to the south. [unclear: But] the original man (of influence) [unclear: of] Aotearoa was Tiwakawaka. From [unclear: Hm] was descended Toi-te-hua-tahi, [unclear: id] from Toi came Ira-tu-moana, and from Ira come myself and the men of this day.

Now, listen! In those distant times of the past there were tribes of strange people who dwelt in this land, people who lived on the mountains and in the forests and were not often seen by the men of the World of Light. Such people were different in appearance to our ancestors and looked like spirits or gods.

From To Haketanga-rangi and Te Hapu-one-one are descended the Maori people from a human source.

Through Te Kahui-[unclear: kiutu], Kahuiki-tai and Kahui-ki-tua the Maori is descended from the gods.

Through To Kahui-te-waho come the taniwhas of the ocean. Should a canoe be coming from distant parts it was helped forward on its way by these taniwhas.

I will now tell you of a canoe that left Aotearoa for Hawaiki in the days of old:—

Now there were two men, Hoaki and Taukata who came from Hawaiki and lauded at Whakataue, where they were seen by Te Kura whakaata, the daughter of Toi who lived in Te Kapuo-te-rangi pa. Te Kura conducted the strangers to the pa and said to Toi:—"Here are strangers from Hawaiki, from Mataora." The men of Toi gazed with wonder upon the stran- page 10 gers and then prepared food for them. And so great a noise was made by the people pounding fern-root that the visitors enquired as to the cause of the sound. "It is Haumia-roa," replied the tangata-whenua. The strangers pondered over the hard fare of their hosts and they said, "Kua whiti mai te kura o Hawaiki," (the treasure of Hawaiki has arrived,) that is to say the kao kumara. And they mixed the kao in the calabash called Tiraha, and gave it to Te Kura-whakaata, daughter of Toi, whose brothers were Rauru, Awanui-a-rangi and Apa. Thus was the kao brought from far Hawaiki in the "tatua pupara" of Hoaki and Taukata. And Toi, on tasting of the sweet food said, "Koia te kura kei Hawaiki." Then again. Me aha ra e taea ai o Hawaiki?" (How can Hawaiki be reached?) They said, "By canoe." Then was the canoe called the Aratawhao made, with the axes Manokuha and Waiheke, in the Great Sacred Forest of Tane which covered the whole land.

The length of the Aratawhao. from kei to ihu, was eighteen fathoms, and the length of the haumi was fourteen fathoms. This was the only canoe of this land that went to Hawaiki to procure Kumara and there were 140 men went in her, chief of whom was Tamaki-hikurangi. And one of the strangers remained at Whakatane and the other sailed in the Aratawhao as a guide to Hawaiki.

All these men returned to the parent land, to Aotearoa. Though it [unclear: is] that Aratawhao did not return [unclear: but] abandoned in Hawaiki.

[Another informant tells [unclear: n] Whata-kiore and Ira-te-wehenga Whatu-pouri, and Ue, and [unclear: w] potango, and Tama ki-hiku rang turned from Hawaiki. They [unclear: s] bled and came on board the [unclear: J] canoe which is called Horouta pilot of that canoe was [unclear: Kahukn] te-rangi, who stood with [unclear: one] upon the ocean and the other [unclear: w] the land and when his face [unclear: app] like an arch in the heavens [unclear: f] Kahukura bending down and [unclear: be] him is his wife, Te Atua-wharor [unclear: J] te-rangi.

Te Uenuku-tawhana—The [unclear: s] for him is—

Tawhana mai te Atua-[unclear: whar] te-rangi

Kahukuma i runga Uenuku i [unclear: m]

Awhi kau Kahukura.

Kua riro Uenuku

To Atua-wharoro-mai te-[unclear: rangi]

Then came the canoes [unclear: Matan] Arawa, Tainui, Takitumu and [unclear: K] haupo. And with the [unclear: newo] from Hawaiki came evil [unclear: among] peaceful tribes of Aotearoa of [unclear: r] the whakatauki of Toi says:-whakawatea mai ai i te [unclear: pakangs] Tane, a Tu, a Rongo, a [unclear: Tangane] mahea te kapua o te rangi."

I will now give you the awa-[unclear: n] of the Aratawhao, that is of [unclear: Tans] hiku-rangi. This is the tata [unclear: of] Aratawhao:—

Patu hoki taku tata
Ki te riu tapu nui o Tane
Rei kura, rei ora
Rei ora te mahaki-e
Ka turuturua, ka poupoua
Ki tawhiti o te rangi
Manawa mai ao-e
Tu mai awa, tu mai awa
Ko koe kei takahia noatia e [unclear: sr]
Tope ou nuku, tope ou rangi
Whati ki runga, whati ki raro
Maura marara
page 11 Pera hoki ra
Taku manu nui na Tane
Na Toroe
Ko tatau atu ki roto nuku ngaere
Mai whiwhia, mai a rawea
Mai a whakatokaia
Ka taka to huki rawea
Koro i runga, koro i raro
Koro i Tawhirimatea
Ki kona hoki koe tu mai ai
Ka hura te tamatea nunui
Ka hura te tamatea roroa
Te kauaka nuku, te kanaka rangi
Te ai a nuku, te ai a Rangi
Te kura mai hukihuki
Te kaweau tetore ai
Tu mata, kokiritia
Hoatu a waka ki uta
Ngaru hinga atu, ngaru hinga mai
I runga te tama-wahine
I raro te taima-tane
Huki-nawenawe
I lneci te awa ka whakairi
ko irirangi te waka
Ko irirangi te tangata.

Here is another is another karakia of the Ara [unclear: vhao.] Ko te ingoa o te karakia, [unclear: ruki] i tana waka.)

Rukutia,
Rukutia i te ihu mata pupuni o Tane
Rekutia i te mata tapu nui o Tane
Rukutia i te kohao tapu nui o Tane
Rukutia i te rauawa tapu nui o Tane
Rei kura, rei ora
Rei ora te mahaki-e
Ka turatura
Ka poupoua ki tawhito o te rangi
Ka manga mai ao-e

we begin again:—

From Tane desdcended—Rongo-ma-[unclear: ne] Whetu-nui, Te kura-tupu, Pani [unclear: Ku,] Te Tama-tapu-nui, Taputapu [unclear: ku] Makere Makere-roa, Mata-and Mataroa and Mataroa

These are the men, Mata-roi and [unclear: house] [unclear: fata-roa,] and these were the kumera, [unclear: fono-uri,] Nono-mea, Haki-nono. [unclear: These] kumara were not brought over [unclear: s] the canoes, they were left behind. Were intended for the Arawa.

Tama ki hiku-raugi:—This was the great man of influence (mana) of this land. His was the mana of the pouahu before the arrival of the Matantua and other canoes. His pouahu stood at Whakatane in the time of Toi and Awa-nui-a-rangi, before the Arata whao went to Hawaiki in search of the kumara. The name of the tuahu of Tama-ki-hiku-rangi was Ma-kaka. The manuka at Whakatane and the 'pouahu at Whakatane' were the 'hirihiri' of that tuahu. There in the marae of Whakatane stood the tohunga ruanuku, the tohunga taua, the tohunga pukenga, and the tohunga tauira. At the tuahu they stood and recited the haka :—

Ka timata ko te haka a te mangamanga-i-atua.
Ka haka te haka ki uta
Ka haka te haka ki tai
E tu ra i te huirangi
A ha ha
Ka haka ki tai ki te pouahu
Ka kai taku rakau ki uta
Ka kai taku rakau ki tai
Hikihiki tai a roa no Tu
Tihore Tu
Te inati o Tu.

This is a word of explanation in regard to these who went on board the Aratawhao. Tama-ki hiku-rangi returned to this land. He came as a guide for the Mataatua canoe which made the land at Whakatane. But the canoe that sailed from this land was the Aratawhao. She remained behind at Hawaiki.

The cave where Toi-te-huatahi and Tama-ki-hiku-rangi and and Rakei-ora were buried is at Opihi. That was the burial place of our ancestors, even unto the time of their descendants, that was ever there resting-plaon.^* In later times Putauaki (Mount Edgecumbe) became the burial-place. Afterwards the dead were buried in

^* Another informant tells me that Toi was buried in a swamp called Te Huki-o-te-tuna near Whakatane.

page 12 many places, in rivers and lakes and valleys and hills. The name of Puketapu is from Whakatane. It was there that the tuahu of Ira-kewa stood. Then our ancestors took the tuahu up the Rangitaiki Valley. Tama ki-hiku-rangi had a tuahu at Tarawera and also at other places. Te Wai-whakaata o-Hine-te-eriki is at Te Pakira, Te Wai-tapu-o-Hine-te-ariki is at Eangitaiki. Hine-te-ariki belonged to Waitaha, her daughter was Hahuru, and her descendant was Tuwharetoa-i te au-pouri who married Te Atua-rere-tahi and lived at Kawerau in order to guard his lands.