From Cape Campbell to Foveaux Strait, East Coast, Middle Island.

Variation—Cape Campbell, 15° 20′ East.

Cape Campbell, lat. 41° 43′ S., long. 174° 18′ E. N.E. extreme of Middle Island forms S.W. entrance to Cook's Strait: it bears from Cape Palliser W.S W. 44 miles. On this extreme knoll a lighthouse, showing a revolving white light once a minute, visible 19 miles; from S. it is shut in by land E. of N. ¼ N. South 8 miles is Flaxburn, where coasters find anchorage with N.W. winds.—Kaikoura Peninsula in lat. 420 26′, on the N. side is anchorage for coasters in S. winds, and on the S. side good anchorage with N.W. winds. There is a wharf here where coasters are safe enough in all weathers.—Amuri Bluff is 12 miles farther, and 11 miles S. of the bluff a shoal is reported, with page 68 4 fathoms 4 miles from the coast; 80 miles S. from Kaikoura is Banks' Peninsula.

Port Cooper, lat. 43° 36′ S., long. 172°E.—N.W. side of Banks' Peninsula, entrance 2½ miles from S. end sandy beach, Pegasus Bay; it runs S.W. by W. 7 miles; Lyttelton is on N. shore, 4 miles from heads; above is only for small coasters. Entrance 1 mile wide, heads bold steep 8 fathoms, decreases gradually to 3½ at anchorage. A small detached rock, with 8 feet at low water, N.N.W. from Ripa Islet (near S. shore 2¾ miles within head), 1 1/3 cables from the shore. Red buoy has been placed on an outlying detached rock of 14 feet about 30 yards outside the 8 feet rock. With strong N. winds a considerable swell rolls into the harbour. Holding ground is not good, it is not secure anchorage. Light N.W. entrance, a fixed white, 440 feet above sea level; visible from seaward about 27 miles.

River Avon 2½ miles N. of Godley Head; in moderate weather vessels Drawing 8 to 10 feet enter. Bar 400 feet wide, depth of channel 5 feet. H.W. 4.20.

Akaroa Harbour, S. side Banks' Peninsula, is a magnificent port ease of access and secure inside, entrance 1 mile wide. Boat rock and a reef off E. entrance and also from W. entrance port, 3 cables, There is a lighthouse on E. side, white, flashing every 10 seconds.

Timaru, lat. 44° 24′, long. 171° 18′, a rocky projection extreme of Ninety Miles Beach, is 32 miles N. of Waitaki River. The ranges approach here near to the coast. Flagstaff and storehouse point out landing-place; ship of 1,000 tons, storehouse bearing W. by N. 1 mile distant, extreme of Patiti Point S. by W. in 6¼ fathoms fine sand; for small vessels, storehouse bearing S.W. ¾ S. about ½ mile distant,' and Patiti Point S. by E. ¼ E. in 4½ fathoms, fine grey sand. A red light at night, visible 3 to 4 miles, should be brought to bear W.S.W. then run in on that bearing, and anchor in not less than 4½ fathoms. Reef off Patiti Point runs out ¼ mile farther than is marked on chart.

Oamaru Roadstead, lat. 45° 6′, long. 171° 2′, is 12 miles S. of Waitaki, and 43 miles N. of Otago Heads. White light on Cape Wanbrow showing between N.N.W. and S. by W., visible 15 miles. Outer anchorage being on the S. by W. bearing. Signals—Put to sea or keep to sea—Day, 2 balls horizontal on yard; Night, 2 lights white with red between.

Cape Wanbrow 1 mile S. of Oamaru. Kakanui River 6 miles S. of Wanbrow. Look-out Bluff 11 miles S. of Wanbrow, Whaler's Home Point 7 miles S. of Look-out, give the kelp patch a berth of 3 miles. Moeraki, boat harbour just N. of Home Point, White Islet between ½ mile off shore. Fish Reef 1¾ miles Home Point extending N.W. and S E. 1 mile, uncovers at low water, is covered with kelp. Round Vulcan Point and 6 miles S. of S. extreme of Home Point is Shag River, two reefs just discovered 2 miles S.E. of entrance to river; give the whole coast from Oamaru to Otago a berth of 3 miles. Waikouaiti Bay 9 miles N. of Tairoa Head.

Otago Harbour, lat. 45° 47′, long. 170° 45′, is a bar harbour, and at times it would be imprudent and unsafe to attempt to enter. S. head is bold dome-shaped, 244 feet high. This port is well denoted by Cape Saunders and the insulated mountain, 1,410 feet high Vessels from S. passing the Nuggets too late to get to the heads before dark should run up under easy sail to be abreast entrance by early morning. In nearing the port use the lead, come not within 18 page 69 fathoms water to avoid HyDra Rock which bears from Cape Saunders N. by E. ¼ E. 2½ miles. Vessels from N. with S. wind should work up inshore and avoid N. currents, but keep 3 miles off land. Foul ground near Red Cliff and Jones' Head. On nearing heads with N. wind and waiting for daylight or the tide, stand off and on, but do not bring the light to bear E. of S., is red fixed and visible 20 miles between W. by N. ¼ N., and S.E. ½ S. Danger outside, Driver Rock with 9 feet water N.E. by E. ½ E. and 1½ cables from rocky point S. head, and 7 miles S. of Cape Saunders. Leading marks for entering in 18 feet low water (this depth is extremely doubtful)—First, get flagstaff on S. head N. by E. ¾ E. distant 1 mile, then get the two dirty white beacons on Sand Spit in one before nearing the bar S. 8° W. by compass until opening out red beacon then haul for Harrington Point-make allowance for currents and swell—passing red beacon keep mid channel, red beacon on starboard, black on port up to Port Chalmers. H.W.F. & C. 2.50, rise 5 to 7 feet.

Cape Saunders to Taieri River, a good boat harbour, 24 miles, and 24 miles farther is Molyneux Bay. A lighthouse on Cape Sunders, white, revolving every minute.

Nugget Point, S. limit Molyneux Bay, 50 miles from Cape Saunders S.W. by S. ¼ S.: on the extreme knoll a lighthouse is erected, showing a fixed light visible 23 miles. Nugget Point to Long Point is S.W. by S. 13 miles, thence to Chasland Mistake S.W. by W. 10 miles.—Waipapa Point, low and sandy, N. side entrance to Foveaux Strait, from which Dog Island may be seen. From Waipapa Point to Ruapuke S.W. 14½ miles, to Mataura River N.W. 5 miles, to Dog Island W.S.W. ½ W. 18 miles, to entrance Bluff Harbour 20 miles, to Bruce Reef (2 rocks 2 to 6 feet above water), which lies E. 5 miles, off Shelter Point, the S. entrance to Port Adventure. Foul ground is reported to exist in the vicinity of Waipapa Point, vessels are not to approach within 3 miles. From Cape Saunders to Foveaux Strait a N. current is generally experienced, coast should not be approached nearer than 3 miles.

From 2 miles off Nugget Point to Bruce Reef S.W. ¼ S. 74 miles to North Trap which is 3 to 5 feet high S.W. ¾ S., 97 miles to South Trap 4 to 6 feet high, S.W. by S. 105 miles and between N. and S. Traps there is a reef, position doubtful.

From Bruce Reef to N. Trap S.W. by S. 22 miles, to S. Trap S.S.W. 31 miles, to Port Pegasus S.W. by W. ½ W. 27 miles, passing Black Rock 20 feet high at 15 miles and Seal Point at 20 miles to 2 miles off South Cape S.W. ¾ W. 33 miles.

South Cape extreme of Stewart's Island is high and bold. The S.W. Cape is 3 miles farther W. in lat. 47° 17′, long. 167° 30′ and N.W. of this cape are five islands.

North Trap 3 to 5 feet high covers a space of 2½ miles, it bears from S. Cape E. by S. 15 miles and is distant 11 miles from land, lat. 47° 22′, long. 167° 55′.—South Trap heavy breakers with rocks 4 to 6 feet high nearly 2 miles in extent, its centre bears from S. Cape S.E. by E. 20 miles, lat. 47° 33′, long. 167° 53′. These two reefs bear from each other N. ½ W. and S. ½ E. about 9 miles, vessels should give the Traps a wide berth.

The Snares are bold 470 feet high, destitute of vegetation, they lie 62 miles S.S.W. of the S.W. end of Stewart's Island and extend 4½ miles N.E. by E. and S.W. by W., lat. 48° 5′, long. 166° 33′, they page 70 are an excellent landmark from W. and should be made a point of departure in passing S. of Stewart's Island. The longest is 1 mile long and 2 miles S.W. are four islets of the same group.

From Wedge Island, which lies W. of S.W. cape 7 miles, the course to Solander Island (which can be seen 13 or 14 leagues, and is 1,100 feet high) N.W. 41 miles. From Wedge Island the same course 26 miles further, will lead to Windsor Point on the Middle Island From Windsor Point to Cape Providence 14 miles, passing entrance to Preservation Inlet and Chalky Inlet on the W. Coast.

Foveaux Strait separates Middle from Stewart's Island, width 15 miles. Entering from W. make Solander Island E. 1,100 feet high a perfect finger-post to the Strait, lies 22 miles S. of S. Coast Middle Island and W. ½ S. 35 miles from N.W. end Stewart's Island pass Ruapuke 68 miles from Solander, with daylight vessels may make this passage without difficulty. Entering from E. Passage may be made either N. or S. of Ruapuke passing along the coast distant 5 or 6 miles, when abreast Slope Point the Bluff may be seen 35 miles distant, is 900 feet high, abreast Waipaka Point steer for Bluff W. ¼ N, this course leads 2 miles N. of Toby Rocks and 3½ from Ruapuke. Whet N. end of Ruapuke distant 3 miles bears W.S.W. this course will lead 2 miles S. of Dog Island (lighthouse on it) shoal water 2 miles E. of it. When Bluff bears N. direct W. ½ N. course through Straits takes a vessel 4 miles N. of Stewart's Island, 9 or 10 miles N. of Solander and 12 miles S. of Middle Island. In working through, keep 3 miles off White Rock, Stewart's Island and Mid-bay Reef in Tewaewae N. shore. Tides, flood sets through from W. to E., ebb contrary. H.W.F. & C., west entrance 12.15, flood ½ to 2 hours after low water, ebb and flood runs 6 hours. H.W. east entrance 1.0, flood commencing 10.0 or 3 hours after low water. Barometer falling expect N.W. and dirty weather lasting four or five days, rising expect S.E. J and strong.

Bluff Harbour.—The W. shore kept on board less than 2 cables, bank with shoal water lies off entrance, leaving passage 1/3 mile between its W. end and bluff 5 to 9 fathoms. Light on Dog Island off Bluff Harbour in 46° 39′ lat. and 168° 26′ long, shows all round a revolving white light every half minute, visible 28 miles.

Invercargill.—Vessels for New River should get within 1 cable of Point Island in 5 fathoms then steer for a spiral-shaped black buoy outside the bar, in 6 fathoms bearing from the N. end of the island N. ½ mile. As you approach the leading white beacon will come on bearing E. ¾ S., keep them in one leaving the black buoy on your port hand will lead you over the bar in 15 feet low water springs the breadth is about 1 cable and inside in 4 fathoms is a spiral-shaped white buoy marking S. side of channel, keep between white buoys on starboard and black on N. side.

Stewart's Island—Port William is sheltered from E. winds, its entrance bears W.S.W. 6 miles from the N. group of islands off the port. Approaching from N. a white sand patch will be observed 3 miles W. of entrance S. Gull Rock. Only danger is Ten Feet Rock 3 cables E.S.E. from W. head is well marked by a long kelp patch.—Paterson Inlet—Entrance lies 4 miles S.E. of Port William. Vessels entering from N. pass inside the islands off Port William and on either side of the Fish Rock, from S. either between Anglem Point and Bench Island S. of group has two rocks off its S.E. extreme.

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West Cape lat 45° 55′, long. 166° 26′ lies between Chalky Inlet and Dusky Sound a distance of 13 miles, it projects about ½ mile. The course along the W. coast to Dusky Sound S. entrance is 6 miles. To Five Finger Point S.W. point to Resolution Island 10 miles. To Breaksea Sound 23 miles, to Dagg's Sound 35 miles, thence passing Doubtful Sound 8 miles, Thomson Sound 9 miles, Nancy Sound 4 miles, Charles Sound 5 miles, Caswell Sound 4 miles, George Sound 14 miles. Bligh Sound 7 miles, Milford Sound 17 miles, to Martin's Bay 15 miles, to Cascade Point 27 miles, to Jackson Bay 11 miles, to Okarito 5 miles S. of Abut Head from Cascade Point is 86 miles. All these sounds hare deep water inside and are perfectly land-locked.