Teachers Referred to in the Preceding Section.

41. The recognised classes of teachers are,—(a.) Certificated teachers, (b.) Pupil-teachers, (c.) Assistant teachers.

42. Lay persons alone can be recognised as teachers in elementary schools.

Certificated Teachers.

43. Teachers in order to obtain certificates, must be examined (Article 44), and must undergo probation by actual service in school (Article 51).

Examination.

44. Examinations are held in December of each year at the several training colleges under inspection (Article 100), and at such other centres as may be necessary.

45. A syllabus of the subjects of examination for male and female candidates respectively may be had on application to the Department (Article 14).

46. The names of teachers desiring to be examined must be notified by the managers of their schools to the Department before the 1st day of October preceding the examination.

Candidates who at the time of the examination are not teachers of schools to which annual grants are or may be made, must be recommended by the authorities of their college, or by the managers of the school in which they last served.

48. Teachers attending the examination may at their option take the papers of the first or second year's students (Article 102).

49. A list is published showing the successful candidates of each year, whether students or acting teachers, arranged in four divisions in the first, and three divisions in the second, year.

50. The relative proficiency of the candidates according to examination is recorded upon their certificates.

Probation.

51. Candidates for certificates, after successfully passing their examination, must, as teachers continuously engaged in the same schools, obtain two favourable reports from an inspector, with an interval of one year (Article 13) between them; and, if the first of these reports be not preceded by service of three months (at the least) since the examination, a third report, at an interval of one year after the second report, is required. If the second (or third) report is favourable a certificate is issued.

52. Teachers under probation satisfy the conditions which require that schools be kept by certificated teachers.

Certificates.

53. Certificates are of three classes. No certificate is originally issued above the second class. The third (lowest) class includes special certificates for teachers of infants, and of small schools.

Certificates of the First and Second Class.

54. Candidates who are placed by examination in any of the first three divisions (Article 49), receive certificates of the second class, which can be raised to the first class by good service only.

55. Certificates of the second class remain in force for 10 years page 72 from the date of their issue, after which interval they are open to revision according to the intermediate reports.

Certificates of the Third Class.

56. Candidates who are placed by examination in the fourth division (Article 49) receive certificates of the third class.

57. Certificates of the third class do not entitle the teachers to have the charge of pupil-teachers.

58. Certificates of the third class can be raised only by examination.

59. (a.) In schools attended by infants only (under 7 years of age), the conditions of Article 59, (2), (b. and c.) are not required to be fulfilled.

59. (b.) In schools having a total population of less than 100 souls within three miles of them, for which no other school is available, the conditions of Article 59 (2), (b. and c.) and (3) are not required to be fulfilled. In such cases certificates will be granted to women only, and will not qualify the holders (Article 17 d.) of them for the charge of schools of any other class.

60. Pupil-teachers who have completed their engagement with credit, and who have passed satisfactorily either the examination for the close of their fifth year (Schedule I.), or (Article 94) that page 73 referred to in Article 91, may, upon special recommendation by the inspector, be provisionally certificated in the third class for immediate service in charge of schools (Article 4) which have an annual average attendance of not more than 60 scholars.^*

61. After their 25th year of age (completed) their provisional certificates must have been exchanged for permanent certificates (Article 43), or are ipso facto cancelled.

61. (a.) The provisional certificate is confined to an entry of the pupil-teacher's name in a register kept by the Department, and does not involve the issue of any certificate to the pupil-teacher.

62. The managers of several schools may combine to employ an organizing teacher to superintend the certificated teachers of these schools. (See foot note to Article 32. a. 2.)

Future Rating of Certificates issued before the 1st of January 1871.

63. Certificates of the first or second class issued before the 1st of January, 1871, are rated as of the first class.

64. Certificates of the third class, or upper grade of the fourth class, and infant school certificates of the first class, issued before the 1st of January, 1871, are rated as of the second class. Such certificates will be open to revision at the end of 10 years from the date of their issue, or of their last revision.

65. Certificates of the lower grade of the fourth class and infant school certificates of the second class, issued before the 1st of January, 1871, are rated as of the third class.

66. The class of any certificate not yet issued will be fixed by Articles 54 and 56.

Report of Managers and Inspector.

67. The managers must annually state whether the teacher's character, conduct, and attention to duty have been satisfactory.

68. The inspector reports of each school visited by him whether it is efficient in organization, discipline, and instruction.

69. Certificates may, at any time, be recalled, suspended, or reduced under Articles 67 and 68.

Pupil-teachers.

70. Pupil-teachers are boys or girls employed to serve in a school on the following conditions, namely:—

(a.)	That the school is reported by the inspector to be— 1. Under a duly certificated teacher (Articles 43 and 57). 2. Held in suitable premises.page 74 3. Well furnished and well supplied with books and appa- 4. Properly organized and skilfully instructed. [ratus. 5. Under good discipline. [ment. 6. Likely to be maintained during the period of engage-
(b.)	That the pupil-teachers be not less than 13 years (completed) of age at the date of their engagement.
(c.)	Be of the same sex as the certificated teacher under whom they serve; but in a mixed school female pupil-teachers may serve under a master, and may receive instruction from him out of school hours, on condition that some respectable woman, approved by the managers, be invariably present during the whole time that such instruction is being given.
(d.)	Be presented to the inspector for examination at the time and place fixed by his notice (Article 11).
(e.)	Pass the examinations and produce the certificates specified in Schedule I.
(f.)	That the managers enter into an agreement in the terms of the memorandum in the Second Schedule to this Code. A copy of this memorandum is sent to the managers for every candidate approved by the Department, and unless duly completed does not satisfy Article 32 (c).
(g.)	That not more than four pupil-teachers are engaged in the school for every certificated teacher serving in it.

72. Whatever other questions arise upon the engagement may be referred to the Department (provided that all the parties' agree in writing to be bound by the decision of the Department as final), but, otherwise, must be settled as in any other hiring or contract.

73. Vacancies in the office of pupil-teacher which occur in the course of any year (Article 13) must not be filled up until after the next examination by the inspector.

74. The candidate or candidates for such vacancies must be engaged in the meantime by the week only as monitors, and the memorandum of agreement (Article 70f) will not be issued by the Department to the managers until the inspector's report has been examined.

75. Temporary monitors engaged by the week, pursuant to Article 74, for the supply of vacant pupil-teacher ships during a current year (Article 13), satisfy Article 32 (c), provided— page 75

(a.)	That a sufficient number of candidates to complete the requisite proportion of teachers to scholars pass the next examination for admission (Article 77) to permanent engagements; and—
(b.)	That the vacancies are reported to the Department as soon as they occur, and have been occasioned by causes which are accepted by the Department as satisfactory.

76. Except in the cases provided for by Article 75, each vacancy in a pupil-teacher ship during a current year (Article 13) works a forfeiture under Article 32 (c).

77. The qualifications and certificates required of candidates for admission, and of pupil-teachers in each year of their service, are regulated by the First Schedule annexed to this Code.

Pupil-Teachers who have successfully completed their Engagement.

78. At the close of their engagement pupil-teachers are perfectly free in the choice of employment. If they wish to continue in the work of education, they may become assistants in elementary schools (Article 79), or may be examined for admission into a training college (Article 91), or may be provisionally certificated for immediate service in charge of small schools (Article 60).

Assistant Teachers.

79. Pupil-teachers who have completed their engagement with credit (having passed satisfactorily either of the examinations referred to in Article 60), and candidates, not having been pupil-teachers (Article 93 c), who have passed with success (Article 94) the examination referred to in Article 91, may serve as assistants in schools in place of pupil-teachers, without being required to be annually examined.

80. Such assistants cease to fulfil the conditions of Article 32 (c), if at any time the inspector reports them to be inefficient teachers, or if they fail to produce from the managers, and from the principal teacher, of their school, the same certificates of conduct, attention to duty, and obedience, as are required from pupil-teachers.

81. A vacancy caused by the withdrawal of an assistant in the course of any school year (Article 13) may be supplied by the appointment of temporary monitors, pursuant to Articles 74, 75, or of another assistant, qualified according to Article 79.

82. Assistants make their own terms with the managers, both as to hours and wages.

82. (a). Assistants are counted as part of the school staff (Article 39) from the date at which their appointments are notified to, and approved by, the Department.