The Pamphlet Collection of Sir Robert Stout: Volume 40
Class 82.—Mining and Metallurgy
Class 82.—Mining and Metallurgy.
- Fire-clay, raw and prepared
- Specimens from the New Zealand Gold-fields—
- 3 Specimens Auriferous Quartz from the Thames Gold-field
- 38 Specimens Alluvial Gold from Otago Gold-fields
- Models of Ingots of Gold and Silver, as exported
- Also additional specimens
Gold | .9627 |
Silver | .0363 |
Copper | .0010 |
1.0000 |
Gold | .6565 |
Silver | .3390 |
Copper | .0045 |
1.0000 |
Gold | .9942 |
Silver | .0058 |
1.0000 |
- Block of Bay Islands Coal (glance coal, showing every stage from brown coal to anthracite), highly suitable and largely used for steam, household, brick-burning, and many other purposes
- Wrought Iron Work—Fuchsia on a Stick, Flowers and Leaves, from nature
- Red Ochre from Okute Valley, Little River, Banks' Peninsula
- Copper Ore from Moke Creek, Wakatipu District, found in extensive lode, easily accessible, not at present worked
- Specimens of Fire-clay and Puzzolana
- Section of Coal Seam, Brunner Mine
- Coke from said Coal
- This coal exhibit is a true section of coal in the Brunner Mine worked for the past fifteen years, and is 16 feet thick. As steam coal it is admitted to be 10 to 20 per cent, superior to any other Australian coal. As a gas coal it yields 12,000 feet per ton of 18 to 20 candle gas.
- Section of 18-feet Coal Seam from the company's mine
- Three-cwt. Block of Gold-bearing Quartz
- Quartz Reef Specimens from Macetown
- Specimens of Stone from the above creeks
- Specimens of Copper from D'Urville Island
- Specimens of Fossilised Fern Roots and Leaves from Lake Wakatipu
- Pigments and Minerals—
No. 1 Cose, containing 1 cwt. of ordinary trade parcel, Red Oxide of Iron Paint 2 Case, containing Minerals 3 Case, containing Glass Show Cases, Paints and Minerals for testing 4 Case, containing Glass Show Cases, Paints and Minerals for testing 5 Case, containing Glass Show Cases, Paints and Minerals for testing 6 Case, containing Minerals
- Specimens of Gold-bearing Quartz from the Thames
- 3 Samples Fire-clay
- 1 Samples Ganister
- 1 Samples Red Clay
- 1 Samples Ironstone
- 1 Samples Manganese
- 1 Samples Limestone Marble
- 1 Samples Glass-sand
- Specimens of Copper Ore from Moke Creek
- Three Specimens of Copper Ore
- Tako, found at Rotorua Hot Lakes; formerly used for painting Maori canoes, houses, &c., mixed with water only. When used with oil it makes a good paint
- 1 Granite Column, polished
- 1 Column Grey Stone, polished
- 1 Piece Granite, rough
- From the Port Hills, near Christchurch
- Chrome Ores, and the Rocks in which the same are found
- 1 Lump Chrome Ore, weighing 919 lbs.
- Sundry Specimens of Chrome (numbered 1 to 7), and other Ores, with Collection of Rock Specimens connected therewith; with description of the locality and its geology
- Specimens showing Ore attached to the Rock
The numbered specimens contain chromic acid in the following percentage :—
1 | 47.69 |
2 | 64.26 |
3 | 64.63 |
4 | 60.64 |
5 | 56.94 |
6 | 51.61 |
7 | 55.39 |
- Steatite
- Sample of Coal from Paringa, Westland
- Rough castings of Wheels for Railway Carriages, manufactured from Taranaki iron-sand. One of the wheels bored out to fit the axle, and both have been cleaned off to show the character of the castings
- Sample of Coke
- Block of Native Chalk found at View Hill, Oxford, taken from the surface; the chalk is supposed to extend over 50 acres
The following is a copy of Dr. Hector's report on the chalk:—
"The samples of chalk obtained as above have more perfectly the mineral character and texture of English chalk than any previously discovered in New Zealand. The rock is pure white, fine-grained, and soft enough to be used for the manufacture of crayons."
Calcic carbonate | 82.26 |
Magnesian carbonate | 1.84 |
Ferric peroxide | traces |
Silicates | 15.69 |
Water | 0.21 |
Total | 100.00 |
Sample of Whitening |
- Specimens of Stone
- Chrome Iron Ore—Contains 52.46 of chromic acid
- Specimens of Silver Ores—
- One Brick of Regulus ditto
- One Brick of Copper
- One Packet of Pure Silver (19 ounces)
All the produce of the Richmond Hill Silver Mine, Collingwood, Nelson
page 87- Specimens of Galena and Silver Ore, from Collingwood
- Specimens of Zinc Blende, from Collingwood
No. 1 | Copper Ore, from Aniseed Valley, being samples of ore met with in the Aniseed Copper Mining Company in sinking a shaft 120 feet deep |
2 | Zinc Blende, from Kelly's Gully, Collingwood |
3 | Silver Lead Ore |
4 | Manganese Ore from Tory Channel, discovered by Exhibitors in 1876 |
5 | Steatite from Aniseed Valley |
6 | Pottery Clay Aniseed Valley |
7 | Hematite Paint, made by Exhibitors from Para Para Iron Ore |
8 | Glass-making Sand, obtained from an inland reef running north and south at Para Para |
9 | Block of Chrome Ore, weighing 13 cwt. 3 qrs. 151b., from Aniseed Valley, from the Black Chrome Reef |
This chrome is celebrated for its excellent quality.
- Sample of Coal—ordinary working seam
- Sample of Shale
This sample is from a lode in the coal bed at Orepuki. The bed of coal seems to be of great extent and dips to the west at an inclination of 1 in 30, depth not known, but 18 feet has been sunk through, and no signs of bottom. In this coal the lode of shale dips to the west at an angle of 45 degrees. The sample sent is the thickness of the seam, or in other words, 5 feet. The sample is taken from an outcrop, but in sinking, the quality appears to improve. The shale has been traced 30 chains, but the coal has been sunk in to a depth of 12 feet at a distance of three miles from where the sample is taken, and it is supposed the shale continues as far. A sample of the shale yielded at the rate of 45 gallons crude oil to the ton.
Fixed carbon | 11.73 |
Hydro-carbon | 41.73 |
Water | 8.85 |
Ash | 37.69 |
100.00 |
- Specimen of Specular Ironstone, from Maori Point
- The specimen is water-worn as found on the terraces; lode from 3 feet 4 inches thick.
- Specimens of Stone, &c.—
No. 2 Marble, from the head of Lake Wakatipu No. 3 Freestone, fossil leaf, from Frew's Creek No. 4 Freestone, light yellow, from Frew's Creekpage 88 No. 5 Freestone, different grain, from Frew's Creek No. 6 Freestone, green, from Frew's Creek No. 7-8 Gypsum, from the head of Lake Wakatipu No. 9 Freestone, fine grain No. 10 Freestone, cream, or light green No. 11 Freestone, with coal specimens No. 12 Freestone, crest of quarry, with fossil wood No. 13 Limestone No. 14 Mineral, gold found under it No. 15 Stone, with broken shell No. 16 Limestone, with large shell
- Fire-clay, suitable for fire-bricks, pottery, &c.; also Bricks made from same
This clay is found in the brown coal measures.
- Sample of Brown Coal, from 7-ft. seam in the Homebush Colliery, being mined level free
- 3 Bottles Glass Sand, suitable for glass-making
- 2 Bottles Pigment
- Sample of Pottery-clay and Vases
- Coal, obtained at the Nightcaps
- Good bituminous coal, burns freely, and leaves very little ash. An inexhaustible supply.
- Grey Stone Slab
- Auriferous Quartz—
- Trophy representing the total Export of Gold from New Zealand:—
Northern Goldfield— | Ozs. | Value. |
---|---|---|
Auckland, 1852-1880 | 1,275,363 | £4,674,162 |
Central Goldfield— | ||
Nelson, Picton, Wellington, 1857-1880 | 1,671,115 | 6,630,920 |
Westland Goldfield— | ||
Hokitika and Greymouth, 1866-1880 | 2,485,512 | 9,849,015 |
Southern Goldfield— | ||
Dunedin and Invercargill, 1861-1880 | 3,964,437 | 15,599,702 |
Total | 9,396,427 | £36,753,798 |
- Hematite Raw Ore, Calcined Ore, and Manufactured Paint
- Slab of Lithographic Limestone
- Block of Freestone from Mount Somers, suitable for building and monumental work
- Crude Gypsum from White Island, Tauranga
- Plaster of Paris, manufactured from same
- Obelisk of Port Chalmers Bluestone
- Specimens of Copper and Chrome Ores and Hypersene—
No. 1 Bisulphide of Copper, No. 1 lode width of lode, 5 feet, 28 feet from surface No. 2 Bisulphide of Copper, No. 2 lode; shows a heavy outcrop, very rich of red oxide, green carbonite, and bisulphide of copper; not sunk more than 4 feet up to date No. 3 Small Specimens of Bisulphide of Copper from lodes Nos. 1 and 2 No. 4 Green Carbonite of Copper from Lode No. 2 No. 5 Red Sub-oxide of Copper from Lode No. 2 No. 6 Black Crystallised Chrome; 4 chains from copper lode No. 2 No. 7 Hypersthine. This is of no intrinsic value, merely showing locality where chrome and copper are found.
The property from which the above specimens were obtained is known as the Roding River Copper Mining Lead, about two miles in length by about a quarter of a mile in width, and is situated within nine miles of the city of Nelson.
- Taranaki Iron-sand in its various stages of manufacture Septaria
Titanic iron-sand occurs widely disseminated in the tufaceous lavas of Mount Egmont. By the erosion of the streams which flow from the cone a considerable quantity of this substance is set free from its matrices, and conveyed to the sea coast in alluvium. Here, by the action of the waves, a mechanical separation between it and the earthy particles of the tufa takes place, the earthy matter being carried out to sea, while the iron-sand in a state of great purity, is left on the beaches. At the mouths of rivers the sand is found in the greatest purity, and in such places is often found to contain 90 per cent, of the pure ore. This black, sparkling, metallic sand, extending for miles along the coasts, early attracted the attention of travellers and settlers, and many attempts have been made towards its utilisation. One of the first persons to attempt the reduction of this ore was Mr. Weekes, the Colonial Surgeon at New Plymouth, who in 1841 reported to Captain Liardet, the New Zealand Company's Agent, that he had melted some of the sand, had discovered that it contained from 80 to 90 per cent, of iron, and had obtained a beautiful specimen. In November, 1842, the following analysis of the ore was given by Mr. Robert Oxland, of Plymouth, England, to whom a parcel of the sand had been by Mr. Weekes :—"Sample No. 5 is magnetic iron ore, in the form of fine sand from the sea shore. It consists of peroxide and protoxide of iron mixed, page 90 containing about 71 per cent, of iron. It is free from the admixture of other substances, and, if obtainable in large quantities, is likely to be at some future time in considerable demand, as it is the most valuable of iron ores. The celebrated Swedish iron ores, in such high repute for the making of steel, is obtained from a mineral of precisely the same character." The following is the formula of the most recent analysis of this sand :—Magnetite, 71.0; titanite, 8.0; quartz and olivine, 21.0—100.0. The early attempts to reduce this ore were made by means of crucibles, and by this method, when the proper fluxes were used, the operation was practicable, although a very considerable degree of heat was found to be necessary. But when the sand was tried in a blast furnace, difficulties of an apparently insurmountable character presented themselves. One difficulty was that much of the sand burned and was driven by the blast out of the top of the furnace. Another difficulty was that what ore was not blown away filtered down through the fire and formed a cake on the hearth. At length the idea occurred of forming the sand into bricks by the addition of tufaceous clay, and of introducing it in that form to the furnace. The brick now exhibited in connection with the Taranaki iron-sand at the present Exhibition is a specimen of these cakes of ore, and is composed of one part of tufa and three parts iron, and mixed with fresh water and burned in a clump or stack. The iron exhibited is a specimen of the metal produced at the New Zealand Titanic Iron and Steel Company's Works, Te Henui, Taranaki, on the 23rd September 1876, according to the following improved formula :—Iron-sand, 1 ton l0 cwts.; tufaceous clay, 1 ton; ground charcoal, 1 cwt.; lime, 2 cwt. 2qrs.; mixed with sea-water and moulded by a machine. The cakes made according to this formula have the advantage of solidifying by themselves without the aid of burning, the intimate admixture of the charcoal aids the carbonising of the ore and the lime operates immediately on it as flux. The salts remaining after the evaporation of the mixing-water also aid in the fluxing. The excellence of the metal produced from this ore by a charcoal furnace is accounted for by its absolute freedom from phosphorus and sulphur, the deteriorating ingredients whose presence in iron is productive of those forms of brittleness known respectively as cold-shortness and hot-shortness, while the presence of titanium in it adds to its toughness.
- Pottery Clay
- Sample of Glass-making Sand
- Specimens of Iron Ore and small Ingot, from Para Para, Nelson
- Chrome Iron Ore
- A Specimen of Eurite
- Four Samples of Antimony, from the company's mine
- Granite, rough and smooth
- Specimen of Copper Ore, found between Lake Wakatipu and the West Coast
- Specimen of Coal, showing one-half the thickness of the 30-ft. seam, Mount Rochfort Mine.
- Specimens of Silver Lead Ores, from Tararu Creek
- Sample of Coal Seam, 7 ft, 10 in., from Pit at Malvern Hills, Canterbury
- Sample of Stone, from White Rock Quarries, Ashley District, Canterbury
- The quantity of stone in these quarries is almost inexhaustible.
- Specimens of Iron-sand
- It occurs in large quantities at Queenstown,
- Thirteen Specimens of New Zealand Clays
- Iron-sand, from Taranaki Beach
- Soil used as Flux
- Brick prepared for Smelting.
Mason, Firth & M'Cutcheon, Printers, 51 & 53 Flinder Lan West, Melbourne.