Important Dates in the History of British Power in India.

Sir Francis Drake's expedition, 1579.

Levant Co.'s Land expedition, 1580.

First commercial venture from England, 1591. (Three ships fitted out: one reached India.)

First Charter to the London Co. of Merchants, 1600. (Stock £72,000: 4 ships fitted out.) Charter renewed 1609, 1657, 1661, 1693, 1744.

Factories established at Surat, 1612.

Madras founded 1640 : made a Presidency, 1652.

Bombay ceded as part of dowry of Queen Catherine (Charles Second). 1662.

French settle at Pondicherry, 1668.

Calcutta purchased, 1698.

New East India Co. established, 1708.

Clive takes Arcot, 1751.

Surajah Dowla seizes Calcutta: (146 English crammed into the Black Hole Prison, 18 feet square, whence only 23 came forth alive next morning, 20th June), 1756.

Calcutta retaken by Clive, 2nd January, 1757.

Battle of Plassey, 23rd June, 1757.

Hyder Ali usurps Mysore, 1763-4.

Conquest of Patna, 1763.

Nabob of Oude subjected, 1765.

Clive obtains the Dewani by imperial grant, the Co. becoming receivers of the revenues of Bengal, Behar, and Orissa : a virtual British sovereignty of all these countries, 12th August, 1765.

Treaty with Nizam Ali. Northern Circars obtained, 1766.

Hyder Ali ravages the Carnatic, 1769.

Affairs of the East India Co. brought before Parliament, and a series of crimes and intrigues exposed. Warren Hastings Governor of Bengal, 1772.

India Bill provides resident Governor-Generalship in Bengal, to which other Presidencies subordinated. Supreme Court of Judicature at Calcutta : and all territorial correspondence henceforth to be laid before British Ministry, June, 1773.

Accusations against Warren Hastings, 1775—1795 (when acquitted).

Hyder Ali defeats the British, 1780.

Hyder Ali overthrown by Coote, 1782.

Tippoo Saib succeeds Hyder, and captures Cuddalore and Bednore, 1783.

Pitt establishes the Board of Control, to aid and control the executive of India, and superintend its territorial concerns, 1784.

Civil and Criminal Courts established, 1793.

Tippoo killed. Seringapatam captured and Mysore divided, 1799.

The Carnatic conquered, 1800.

The Nabob cedes Furruckabad territories, 1802.

Mahratta War. Wellesley's victory at Assaye, 1803.

War with Holkar. Bhurtpore taken, 1805.

Trade with India thrown open, 1813.

War with Nepaul (Ghoorkas forced to treaty), 1814—1816.

Pindaree War (successful), 1817—1818.

Burmese War. A great territory ceded and £1,000,000 indemnity paid, 1824-1826.

Malacca ceded by the Dutch in exchange for Bencoolen in Sumatra, 1824.

Singapore purchased, 1824.

Suttee (widow burning) abolished, 1829.

Trade to China thrown open, 1833.

Annexation of Coorg, 1834.

Afghan War with Dost Mahomed, 1838—1840.

Rising at Cabul. Murder of Burnes and Macnaghten, 1841.

Cabul evacuated under convention with Akbar Khan, who massacres 16,000 men, women, and children, and holds Lady Sale and others as hostages 6-13 January (rescued 21st September), 1842.

Scinde War. Battle of Meanee. Annexation of the Province by Sir Charles Napier, 1843.

Gwalior captured, 1843.

Danish Indian possessions purchased, 1815.

Sikh War. Lahore and Mooltan taken, and the Punjab annexed. Dhuleep Singh pensioned at £40,000 per annum, 1845—9.

Burmese War. Pegu annexed, 1851-2.

Nana Sahib (nephew of the ex-Peishwa of the Mahrattas) is refused continuance of his uncle's pension of £80,000, 1851.

First Indian Railway (Bombay to Tannah), 1853.

Nagpoor territories fall to the East India Co., on death of the Rajah, 1853.

Oude annexed, 1856.

Mutiny of the Native Army. In three months 30,000 men disbanded or deserted. Fearful outrages committed. Delhi seized from May to September. £433,620 collected for the widows and orphans of nine massacred garrisons and others. East India Company's government ceases, and the Queen proclaimed throughout India, 1857-8.

Guerilla disturbances under Tantia Topee and Nana Sahib finally suppressed, 1859.

Awful famine in N.W. Provinces, £114,807 raised by Mansion House Fund, 1861.

Great increase in Cotton cultivation, 1862.

Orissa famine, 1,500,000 persons perish. Official Report: the authorities blamed, 1866.

Assassination of Lord Mayo, the Viceroy (8th Feb.) £20,000 granted to children, and £1,000 a year to Lady Mayo, 1872.

Bengal famine. £125,000 raised in London. £6,500,000 expended on relief works by Government, and the famine kept under, 1874.

Queen proclaimed Empress of India at Delhi, 1st January, 1877.

Madras famine. Loan of £5,000,000authorized. 919,771 persons employed, and 1,326,971 gratuitously relieved. In London £515,200 raised by fund, 1877.

Native troops sent to Malta and removed to Cyprus, 1878.

Afghan War. The passes finally occupied, 1879.

page 110

page 111

page 112

IV.—Area and Population of India, including Native States.

Presidencies and Provinces under the Administration of	Area in Square Miles.	Number of Towns and Villages.	Number of occupied.	Population, Census of 1881.	Density of Population to Square Mile.	Population according to previous Census.
The Governor-General of India:
Ajmere and Mhairwara	2,711	739	64,118	460,722	169.9	396,331
Berar	17,711	5,585	466,027	2,672,673	150.9	2,227,654
Coorg	1,583	503	22,357	178,302	112.6	168,312
Andaman Islands (Port Blair)	880	51	2,938	14,628*	16.6	13,908
Governors:
Madras	139,900	52,051	5,653,082	30,868,504	220.6	31,281,177
Bombay (including Sind and Aden)	124,192	24,605	2,827,995	16,489,274	132.7	16,308,343
Lieutenant-Governors:
Bengal	150,588	248,706	10,548,947	66,691,456	442.8	60,483,775
North-West Provinces and Oudh	106,111	105,422	6,866,503	44,107,869	415.6	42,002,518
Punjab	106,632	34,324	2,706,914	18,850,437	176.7	17,609,518
Chief Commissioners:
Assam	46,341	22,408	859,388	4,881,426	105.3	4,124,972
British Burma	87,220	15,857	677,362	3,736,771	42.8	2,747,148
Central Provinces	84,445	34,612	2,336,976	9,838,791	116.5	8,173,824
Total British Territory	868,314	644,862	33,032,607	198,790,853	228.9	185,537,859
Native States:
Baroda	8,570	3,012	479,643	2,185,005	254.7	2,004,442
Central India Agency	75,079	31,506	1,661,434	9,261,907	123.4	‡
Hyderabad	81,807	20,398	1,859,600	9,845,594	120.3
Mysore	24,723	17,655	733,200	4,186,188	169.3	5,055,412
Rajputana Agency	129,750	30,001	2,101,451	10,268,392	79.1
Bengal	36,634	16,059	487,827	2,845,405	77.6	2,221,943
North-West Provinces	5,125	3,322	125,907	741,750	144.2	638,720
Punjab	35,817	18,546	655,392	3,861,683	107.8
Central Provinces	28,834	11,242	375,283	1,709,720	59.3	1,049,710
Madras	9,638	4,971	685,447	3,344,849	347.0	3,260,493
Bombay	73,753	13,191	1,351,367	6,941,249	94.1	6,801,440
Total Native States	509,730	169,903	10,516,551	55,191,742	108.2
Grand Total India	1,378,044	714,765	43,549,158	253,982,595	184.3

V.—Distribution of the Population of India according to Religion.

Presidencies. Provinces, and States.	Hindus.	Mahomedans.	Aboriginals.	Buddhists.	Christians.	Sikhs.	Jains.	Parsis.	Jews.	Others.	Total.
Ajmere	376,029	57,809			2,225	182	24,308	75	94		460,722
Assam	3,062,148	1,317,022	488,251	6,563	7,093	14	158			177	4,881,426
Bengal	45,452,806	21,704,724	2,055,822	155,809	128,135	549	1,609	156	1,059	36,192	69,536,861
Berar	2,425,654	187,555	37,338	1	1,335	525	20,020	242	3		2,672,673
Bombay	17,834,985	3,774,360	931,894	12	145,154	127,130	498,443	73,973	9,023	689	23,395,663
British Burma	88,177	168,881		3,251,584	84,219		5	83	204	143,618	3,736,771
Central Provinces	8,703,110	285,687	1,753,917	17	11,973	99	45,911	399	63	747,335	11,548,511
Coorg	162,489	12,541			3,152		99	21			178,302
Madras	28,497,666	1,933,571		1,546	711,072		24,962	143	30	1,641	31,170,631
North-West Provinces, including Oudh	38,555,121	6,162,900		103	47,673	3,644	79,957	114	101	6	44,849,619
Punjab	9,252,295	11,662,434		3,251	33,699	1,716,114	42,678	465		1,184	22,712,120
Baroda	1,852,868	174,980	101,522		771		40,718	8,118		28	2,185,005
Central India	7,800,396	510,718	891,424		7,065	1,455	49,824	916	38	71	9,261,907
Cochin	429,324	33,344			136,361				1,249		600,278
Hyderabad	8,893,181	925,929			13,614	3,664	8,521	638	47		9,845,594
Mysore	3,956,336	200,484		9	29,249	41		47	1	21	4,180,188
Rajputana	8,839,243	861,747	166,343		1,294	9	378,672	7		21,077	10,268,392
Travancore	1,755,610	146,909			498,542				97		2,401,158
Total	187,937,438	50,121,595	6,426,511	8,418,895	1,862,626	1,853,426	1,221,885	58,397	12,009	952,039	253,891,821