Clupeidæ.

Body covered with scales; head naked; barbels none. Abdomen frequently compressed into a serrated edge. Margin of the upper jaw formed by the intermaxillaries mesially, and by the maxillaries laterally; maxillaries composed of three, sometimes movable, pieces. Opercular apparatus complete. Adipose fin none. Dorsal page 86 not elongate; anal sometimes very long. Stomach with a blind sac; pyloric appendages numerous. Gill-apparatus much developed, the gill-openings being generally very wide. Pseudo-branchia) large, except in Megalops. Air-bladder more or less simple.

Inhabitants of all seas, many species entering fresh waters.

Engraulis encrasicholus. Tasmania and New Zealand.

Chatoëssus Erebi. Northern Australian Rivers Murray, Clarence, Burnett, Fitzroy, &c. "Bony-bream," Burnett settlers (Masters).

Clupea novæ-hollandiæ. Northern Rivers of New South Wales. "Sprat."

Clupea sagax. Australian coast.

Spratelloides delicatulus. Ditto.

Megalops cyprinoides. Fresh waters of North coast.

Chanos salmoneus. North coast.