Distribution of Income and Cheap Labour:

Wages and Salaries of Europeans and Non-Whites in South Africa.

Medical Officers

White	Starting salary	R5,700 p/a
Coloured	After 8 yrs service	R5,700 p/a
African	After 11yrs service	R5,400 p/a

Miners - Average wages

In all mines	Coal	Gold
White R341	R350	R354 p/mth
Coloured R71	R73	R90 p/mth
African R19	R18	R17 p/mth

From 1912-1962 300,000 Africans were lost to the mining industry due to pneumoconiosis, the equivalent figure for Whites was 30,000. It is possible that many were not recorded because Africans in the mines, the majority of them, work under contract of one year labour or eighteen months or two years' labour. Then they return home sick and die at home in the rural areas, and so there is no record of their illness.

A comparison can be made between wages in Zambia and those paid to Africans in South Africa (taken from United Nations publication "Unit on Apartheid", No. 45/71, Nov. 1971).

Average Wage of Africans by Sector (in rands)

Zambia	Sth Africa
Mining	1,248	216
Manufacturing	629	612
Construction	732	589