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Ngā Tohuwhenua Mai Te Rangi: A New Zealand Archeology in Aerial Photographs

Chapter 7: Northland and Auckland

Chapter 7: Northland and Auckland

1 McEwen (1986:10-14); Simmons (1976:186-187,190-192).

2 Norman (1989: 188).

3 Pātere by the late Revd Māori Marsden; from a poster of Spirits Bay published by the Ministry for the Environment, translated by the Translation Service, Wellington. I thank Shane Jones and Mrs Jane Marsden for discussion.

4 Te A. Davis and Wilson (1990: 4-5).

5 Davidson (1982a: 18-19).

6 Nicholls (1965); see also Barber (1989: 35).

7 Salmond (1991: 364-371).

8 De Surville (1982: 15).

9 De l'Horme, in de Surville (1982: 127).

10 Kennedy (1969); Davidson (1984:161); Salmond (1991:418-421).

11 See 'Plan du Port Marion' in Salmond (1991: 209).

12 For example, the pā on Motuarohia (Spencer, 1983a: 267-270); Kelly (1951).

13 Davidson (1982a, b).

14 Ballance and Williams (1982).

15 K. Jones (1988b); Coster (1989).

16 Cox (1977); Gibbs (1980: 45-47).

17 Coster (1983; 1989).

18 For Hokianga North Head, see K. Jones (1984a).

19 Walton (1985a).

20 The Northland and Auckland volcanoes are andesitic rather than rhyolitic; the latter, such as the Taupō complex, erupt far more violently.

21 The volcanoes erupted through the clay country; see also Sutton (1991: 13).

22 Sutton (1991); E. Best (1927: 303-308).

23 Sissons et al (1987: 32).

24 Fox (1983: 14-15).

25 For example, Marshall (1991).

26 Standish (1962); Harris (1984).

27 Fox (1976); Davidson (1982b); Bulmer (1987).

28 Bulmer (1987: 156).

29 Belich (1986: 41-64); Cowan (1983, Vol. 1: 34-87); Challis (1991).

30 Cowan (1983, Vol. 1: 34-48); Challis (1991).

31 Challis (1992, pers. comm.); Cowan (1983, Vol. 1: 71) reports eyewitnesses as saying the line of the wall is 'almost exactly' on the original line of the fortification. However, the New Zealand Archaeological Association site record form by S. Bartlett has the churchyard lying skew across the outline of the fortification.

32 E. Best (1927: 56, 84).

33 Cowan (1983, Vol. 1: 49-72); Belich (1986: 45-57); Wards (1968: 150-159).

34 Cowan (1983, Vol. 1: 81-83).