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Maori and the State: Crown-Māori relations in New Zealand/Aotearoa, 1950-2000

Chapter 3

Chapter 3

1. Hill, State Authority, pp 130–39; Hunn, Jack K, Report on Department of Maori Affairs: with Statistical Supplement, Wellington, 1961, p 62 (for ‘the setting up’ quote), p 63 (for ‘direct that board’ and ‘adjustments’ quotes); Marr, Cathy, Crown Policy Towards Major Crown/Iwi Claim Agreements in the 1940s and 1950s, Wellington, Treaty of Waitangi Policy Unit, 1990, pp 99–100; Hill, Richard S, Settlements of Major Maori Claims in the 1940s: A Preliminary Historical Investigation, Wellington, Department of Justice, 1989; Stokes, Evelyn, Milroy, J Wharehuia and Melbourne, Hirini, Te Urewera: Nga Iwi te Whenua te Ngahere: People, Land and Forests of Te Urewera, Hamilton, 1986, pp 106–10 (p 107 for ‘betterment of the people’ quote).
2. Mahuta, Robert, ‘Tainui, Kingitanga and Raupatu’, in Wilson, Margaret A and Yeatman, Anna (eds), Justice and Identity: Antipodean Practices, Wellington, 1995, p 26; Walsh, More and More Maoris, p 40 (includes ‘control income from certain’ quote); Stokes et al, Te Urewera, pp 87, 109–110 and p 300 (for Tuhoe-Waikaremoana Trust Board quotes).
3. Marr, Crown Policy; Hill, State Authority, pp 50–64; Hunn, Report on Department of Maori Affairs, p 62 (for ‘seemingly wide power’ quote), p 63 (for ‘education is not assisted’ quote); McHugh, Paul, The Maori Magna Carta: New Zealand Law and the Treaty of Waitangi, Auckland, 1991, p 202 (for ‘notorious that’ quote).
4. New Zealand Herald, 10 May 1952 (for ‘Blend’ and ‘weld’ quotes) and 2 August 1952 (for ‘social revolution’ and ‘rallying point’ quotes); for general coverage of relevant points, see Hill, ‘Socialpage 303 Revolution’, especially p 3 (for ‘usefully’ quote), p 6 (for ‘philosophy’ quote); Ritchie, James E, The Making of a Maori: A Case Study of a Changing Community, Wellington, 1963, p 26 (for ‘more successful’ quote).
5. Lange, Maori Well-Being, pp 27–30; Winiata, The Changing Role, p 132 (for ‘governmental invasion’ quote); Winiata, ‘Leadership’, p 22 (for ‘most important’ quote), p 26 (for ‘educated person’ and ‘to the fore’ quotes); Metge, New Maori Migration, pp 215–20; Walker, ‘Maori People Since 1950’, p 500 (for ‘professional, technical’ quote); Hill, ‘Social Revolution’, pp 5–6.
6. Walker, Ranginui J, ‘The Politics of Voluntary Association: A Maori Welfare Committee in a City Suburb’, in Kawharu, I Hugh (ed), Conflict and Compromise: Essays on the Maori Since Colonisation, Wellington, 1975 (2003 ed); Labrum, ‘Bringing families up to scratch’, p 171 (for ‘up to scratch’ quote); Fleras, ‘Descriptive Analysis’, p 303 (for ‘separate but parallel’ and ‘socio-cultural separation’ quotes); Ausubel, Maori Youth, p 174 (for ‘certain measure’ quote).
7. Secretary of Maori Affairs to the Minister of Maori Affairs, 16 Feb 1960, MA 1, 35/2, Part 1, Box 646, NZ Council of Tribal Executives, 1952–1962 (for ‘with an enthusiasm’ and ‘wholeheartedly’ quotes); Hunn, Affairs of State, pp 152–3; Fleras, ‘Descriptive Analysis’, p 200; Minister of to Secretary of Maori Affairs, 13 Aug 1953, MA 1, 35/2, Part 1, Box 646, NZ Council of Tribal Executives, 1952–1962 (for ‘the terminology’ and ‘develop further’ quotes).
8. Department of Maori Affairs, ‘Dominion Council for Tribal Executives under MSEA Act’, 8 Nov 1957, MA 1, 35/2, Part 1, Box 646, NZ Council of Tribal Executives, 1952–1962 (for ‘not considered desirable’ quote); Love, ‘Policies of Frustration’, p 442ff; Butterworth and Young, Maori Affairs, p 103; Hunn, Report on Department of Maori Affairs, p 80; Secretary of Maori Affairs to the Minister of Maori Affairs, 16 Feb 1960 (for ‘could quite conceivably’ quote); Butterworth, ‘Men of Authority’; Harris, ‘Dancing with the State’, pp 152–4 (p 153 for ‘riled Nash, ‘convene’ and ‘policy forming body’ quotes); Attachments to Secretary to Minister of Maori Affairs, 16 Feb 1960, MA 1, 35/2, Part 1; Hunn, Report on Department of Maori Affairs, p 80 (for ‘Council is about’ quote). The word ‘Dominion’ continued to be used well after New Zealand became a ‘Realm’.
9. King, ‘Between Two Worlds’, pp 296–301; Orange, The Treaty of Waitangi, pp 234–5; National Party, Te Maori O Ona Ra Tuku Iho Nei/The Maori and the Future, nd: Eph A Maori 1950s, Alexander Turnbull Library.
10. Love, ‘Policies of Frustration’, p 442ff (p 457 for ‘in a totally different’ quote), p 481 (for ‘most pointed criticism’, ‘mere words’, ‘practicable effectiveness’, ‘requests have been ignored’ and ‘the organisation’ quotes), p 484 (for ‘not lost’ quote), p 487 (for ‘empty gestures’ quote), p 488 (for ‘forced on the Maori’, ‘higher power’ and ‘Maori would never’ quotes); Brown, Bruce (Private Secretary to Nash, 1954–9), personal communication (on Nordmeyer’s challenge to Nash’s leadership), 30 Jul 2008. The circumstances of the 1954 leadership bid by Nordmeyer remain confused: see the differing treatments in Sinclair, Keith, Walter Nash, Auckland, 1976, pp 293–4 and Logan, Mary, Nordy: Arnold Nordmeyer: A Political Biography, Wellington, 2008, pp 280–81. For the South African tour issue, see Richards, Trevor, Dancing on our Bones: New Zealand, South Africa, Rugby and Racism, Wellington, 1999, p 20ff and Sinclair, Nash, pp 334–6; Butterworth, ‘Aotearoa 1769–1988’, ch 10, p 21; McLeay, Elizabeth (ed), New Zealand Politics and Social Patterns: Selected Works by Robert Chapman, Wellington, 1999, pp 241, 243; Poulsen and Johnston, ‘Patterns of Maori Migration’, p 150 (for ‘spectacular’ quote).