By a special ordinance of the Otago Provincial Council, passed in 1865, and afterwards ratified by the General Assembly, the municipal jurisdiction of Dunedin was vested in a City Council, which superseded a Town Board. Mr. William Mason was elected the first Mayor on the 21st of July, 1865, and on the 1st of August of the same year, the first City Council was elected, with Messrs John Griffen, Edward Chalmers, John H. Barr, Alexander Carrick, David Ross, Thomas Birch, Henry Driver, and James Turner as its members. Since the inception of the Council, one hundred and fourteen citizens, including the present twelve councillors, have represented the retepayers, and given their service gratuitously for the benefit of the city; some for only a limited period, but a large number of them have unselfishly devoted many years to the public interest. Some have filled other important public positions, and their lives have been inseparably associated with the rise and prosperity of Otago.

Mr. John Griffen was a member of the first Dunedin City Council, which came into existence in 1865. He arrived in Otago from Victoria in the days of the gold rush, and afterwards started in business as a wine, spirit, and provision merchant in Dunedin. In 1870 he contested the Mayoralty with Mr. H. S. Fish, but was defeated, after an exciting contest, by sixty-five votes. Business reverses followed shortly afterwards, and some time later Mr. Griffen was appointed chief clerk at the Dunedin gasworks, and retained the position until he resigned owing to ill-health. He, however, died a fortnight afterwards; namely, on the 22nd of November, 1891, when he left a widow, six sons and three daughters.

Mr. Edward Chalmers , who was a member of the Dunedin City Council in 1865, was born in Lancashire, England, in 1816, and went to Australia in early manhood. He was afterwards engaged in connection with the copper mining industry on the Barrier Islands in the Hauraki Gulf, Auckland, and later on became a Government officer. Mr. Chalmers died in 1880. in Dunedin, leaving a wife and several children.

Mr. John Hadden Barr was elected in 1865, as a representative of High Ward, to the first Dunedin City Council. He was reelected in the following year, but resigned on the 4th of March, 1867. in order to visit Great Britain. He is elsewhere referred to in this volume as a partner in the firm of Ireland and Co., Oamaru.

Mr. Alexander Carrick was a member of the first City Council, which was elected in 1865. He was a representative for High Ward, and was re-elected in 1867. Mr. Carrick took a very active interest in the first Dunedin Exhibition. He afterwards went to Christchurch, where he became manager of the National Insurance Company.

Mr. David Ross was elected in 1865 to the first Dunedin City Council, as a representative of Bell Ward, and held his seat until the 1st of August, 1866, when he retired. He was a Scotchman by birth, and an architect by profession, came to New Zealand from Victoria, and established a business in Dunedin. Mr. Ross built the Octagon Buildings, familiarly known as Ross's Buildings. He was architect for several of the public schools, and also the Union Steam Ship Company's handsome office in Dunedin. Mr. Ross subsequently went to Auckland, and thence to America and Japan. He died several years ago.

Mr. Thomas Birch was an active member of the first Dunedin City Council, which came into existence in 1865. Subsequently he was elected Mayor, and was also a member of Parliament in 1869–70, He is referred to as such in another article.

Mr. Henry Driver was one of the original members of the Dunedin City Council, and was returned at the head of the poll to represent the Leith Ward in 1865. He was re-elected two years later, but retired from the Council in 1869. Mr. Driver became a member of the House of Representatives, and he is further referred to in that connection.

Mr. James Turner was elected in 1865, by the ratepayers of Leith Ward, to the first City Council, and re-elected in the following year. He resigned on the 27th of January, 1868, on leaving for Australia. Mr. Turner had previously been a member of the Town Board, and he also served on school committees. He carried on a grocery business in Great King Street.

Mr. John Barnes was first elected to the City Council in 1866, and represented the ratepayers of Bell Ward for many years. He resigned on the 16th of September, 1885. Mr. Barnes was also Mayor of Dunedin, and is further referred to in that connection.

Mr. Henry Smith Fish was first elected to the City Council in 1867, and ably served the citizens almost continuously for thirty years, either as a councillor or as

Dunedin from Royal Terrace.

Mayor. Mr. Fish is further referred to as a former member of the House of Representatives.

Mr. William Towers represented Bell Ward in the City Council from his election in 1867, up to the time of his death in the following year. He was in business in Dunedin as a hotelkeeper. was the first tenant of the Club Hotel in Maclaggan Street, and afterwards conducted other hotels in the city.

Mr. Job Wain was returned without opposition to represent High Ward in the Dunedin City Council in 1867. A few weeks after his election, however, he was compelled, through an alleged informality in the proceedings, to retire from the Council, and on again submitting himself as a candidate for the seat, was opposed by Mr. McLaren, whom he defeated by a large majority. Mr. Wain was born in London, in November, 1836, and was the eldest son of a soft-goods merchant. After leaving school he entered the office of the late James Macandrew, with whom he embarked for New Zealand in the ship “Titan” in September, 1850. During the years 1851–2 he was engaged at farm work on Mr. Macandrew's property at Mornington. In December, 1852, he went to Australia with the intention of trying his luck on the goldfields. After passing a few years in Australia he returned to Dunedin, where, in 1857, he found employment with Mr. George Duncan, at that time proprietor of the Commercial Hotel. In 1859 Mr. Wain entered into partnership with Mr. Wilson to buy the livery stables previously conducted by Mr. Duncan in Rattray Street. The firm of Messrs Wilson and Wain lasted four years, and in 1863 Mr. Wain opened a hotel in Manse Street, and conducted it for about twelve years. Between 1885–8 he was engaged in railway contracting, his chief works being the construction of the Manuka Creek tunnel, and the permanent railroad from Clarksville to Lawrence. In 1878 Mr. Wain erected, in Princes Street, the handsome hotel which still bears his name, and six months after its completion he retired into private life. After five years, much of which he spent in travel, he returned to the management of his hotel. In 1888 he finally retired, and has since resided on a finely situated block of land in the village of Opoho, in the North-East Valley. Mr. Wain was connected with the Dunedin City Fire Brigade, for upwards of twelve years, in the days when that body was a purely volunteer one, and was for seven years its captain. A short time before his resignation he was presented by the City Corporation with an illuminated address, a gold watch and chain, and a silver tea and coffee service, in recognition of his long and valuable services. Mr. Wain married Miss Catharine Jenkins, of Dunedin, in May, 1860, and has three sons and four daughters.

Mr. Job Wain.

Mr. Benjamin Bagley , after following his profession as chemist and druggist in the Midland Counties of England for many years, commenced colonial life in Victoria, and after being two or three years in that colony, arrived in Dunedin in the latter part of 1861. He was employed for a few months in the “Otago Daily Times” office, and then he started in business as a chemist in George Street; a business which has since been conducted by his sons. Mr. Bagley represented Bell Ward in the City Council, to which he was elected in 1868, and re-elected in 1870; and he was also a member of the Benevolent Institution Committee. He died at his residence, St. Leonards, on the 8th of July, 1895, in his seventy-third year.

The Late Mr. B. Bagley.

Mr. Robert Smith Dods entered the City Council in 1868, as a member for Leith Ward and resigned on the 12th of January, 1870. He unsuccessfully contested a seat in the Provincial Council. Mr. Dods was born in Glasgow, and came to New Zealand after residing for some time in Victoria. For many years he was a member of the firm of Poole, Dods, and Cameron, general merchants, who carried on business in Rattray Street.

Mr. John Simpson was elected to the City Council for Bell Ward, in 1868, but resigned on account of ill health, on the 14th of November, 1869. He was a native of Glasgow, and arrived in New Zealand about 1858. For some time he was in business in the grocery trade, under the style of Simpson and Henderson. Subsequently he was a tobaconist and bookseller, and was joined in partnership by Mr. William Baird, to whom he afterwards sold the business. Shortly after his retirement from the City Council Mr. Simpson died in Dunedin.

Mr. Louis Thoneman was elected to the City Council, first in 1868, and was reelected in 1869 and 1871. He was a representative of Bell Ward, and retired from the Council on the 1st of August, 1873. Mr. Thoneman took an active part as a director and promoter of the South Seas Exhibition. He was a native of Germany, and carried on business as a general merchant in Bond Street.

Mr. Thomas Merrett Wilkinson , for some time a member of the City Council, to which he was elected in 1868, was a medical practitioner, who came out as ship's doctor on the “Cashmere,” which arrived in New Zealand in 1860. Mr. Wilkinson afterwards went to Melbourne, but returned to Dunedin in 1862, and purchased a chemist's business in Princes Street. He died at his residence in Dunedin, on the 15th of October, 1899, at the age of seventy-five years, leaving a widow and one son.

Mr. John Carroll. J.P. , was first elected to the City Council in 1869, and was afterwards almost continuously a member up to the time of his death, which occurred on the 10th of November, 1903. He is further referred to amongst the ex-mayors of Dunedin.

Mr. Edward McGlashan , who was elected to the City Council in 1869, was one of the prominent early colonists of Otago. He is referred to in another article as having been a member of the House of Representatives.

Mr. Henry John Walter was a member of the City Council for ten years and five months, and was three times Mayor of Dunedin.

Mr. Edward Bowes Cargill , son of Captain Cargill, one of the founders and first Superintendent of Otago, was elected to the Dunedin City Council, in 1870, and re-elected in the following year. Mr. Cargill's biography is given amongst the notices of the exmayors of Dunedin.

Mr. Alexander Hill Jack represented Leith Ward in the City Council, from the time of his election in 1870, to the 1st of August, 1871, when he retired. He promoted the National Insurance Company, of which he became the first manager. Afterwards he went Home in connection with the company's business, and is now residing in London.

Mr. Jack married a daughter of Mr. Alexander Willis, secretary to the Cabinet, in Wellington.

Mr. Frank Porter Mansfield was elected a representative of Bell Ward in 1870, and sat as a member of the Council until the 21st of February, 1871, when he resigned. He was an American by birth, and for many years was manager for Cobb and Co.'s coaches in Dunedin. Shortly after the railways came into existence Mr. Mansfield left New Zealand.

Mr. Andrew Mercer was first elected to the City Council of Dunedin in 1870, and served a term of seven years. He was one of the early mayors of the city, and is referred to elsewhere in that capacity.

Mr. James Wilson was elected in 1870 to the City Council. as a representative of Leith Ward, but he retired on the 1st of August, in the same year. He was a well known brewer in Dunedin, and built the Wellpark brewery, on the Water of Leith, which he carried on for many years. Mr. Wilson took a very great interest in horticulture and horticultural societies.

Mr. James Winter , a well known forwarding agent, at one time in business in Princes Street, Dunedin, entered the City Council in 1870 for South Ward. He retired on the 1st of August, 1872, and died in Dunedin many years ago.

Mr. Alexander Robert Livingston was born in Perthshire, Scotland, in 1836, and arrived in Victoria in 1855. He came to Dunedin in the following year, and obtained a position as assistant under his father, who had been specially engaged as rector for the proposed High School. Shortly afterwards he began business on his own account, as a stationer, and carried on as such up to the time of his death. In 1871 Mr. Livingston was elected a member of the City Council, but, being defeated at the election in the following year, he did not come forward again. He died on the 2nd of August, 1899. leaving a widow and four daughters.

Mr. William Henry Neale was elected by the ratepayers of Bell Ward in 1871, and sat as a member of the Council until his retirement on the 1st of August, 1873. Mr. Neale was in business for many years in George Street, as a bootmaker, but sold out, and went to the North Island.

Mr. Keith Ramsay was a member of the Dunedin City Council during the years 1871–3. He is elsewhere referred to as a ship-owner and as a former Mayor of Dunedin.

Mr. Robert Rossbotham , who was a member of the Dunedin City Council during the year 1872, was a native of Belfast, Ireland. He was born in 1829, trained to the building trade under his father, and, when about nineteen years of age, sailed for the United States, where he spent several years at his trade in New York. In 1852 he left America for Melbourne, where he found employment at his own trade. Later on, however, he entered the service of Messrs Thomas Robinson and Co., agricultural implement manufacturers, and in 1864 he sailed for Dunedin to manage a branch for that firm. Early in the seventies Mr. Rossbotham commenced business on his own account as a contractor, and he was subsequently engaged for many years at foundry work in the city. He was twice married; firstly, to a niece of his employer, Mr. Thomas Robinson, and secondly, to Mrs Markham, of Dunedin, by whom he had two sons.

The late Mr. R. Rossbothan and Mrs Rossbothan.

Mr. William Woodland, J. P. , an old colonist, and a painter by trade, who still follows his calling, was elected to the City Council in 1872, and served several years as a member of that body.

Mr. Albert Beck , who represented Bell Ward in the City Council during the years 1873–75, was born in Sussex, England, in 1833, and arrived in New Zealand by the ship “Palmyra” in 1858. For several years he was engaged in business on his own account in George Street, but in the early seventies he retired into private life.

Mr. Alexander Burt was elected in 1873 to the Dunedin City Council, of which he was a member for three years. He is managing director of the large engineering firm of A. and T. Burt, Limited, and is referred to as such in another portion of this volume.

Mr. Evan Prosser was elected to the City Council in 1873, and represented the ratepayers of South Ward until the 1st of August, 1875. He was a Welshaman by birth, and arrived on the West Coast during the gold rush. Subsequently he removed to Dunedin, where, with Mr. Kempthorne, he formed the nucleus of the since-important firm of Kemptorne, Prosser and Co. Mr. Prosser afterwards retired from the firm and went to Sydney, where he died.

Mr. Charles Stephen Reeves, J.P. , who represented Leith Ward in the City Council for three years, was first elected in 1878. He was afterwards Mayor, and is further referred to among the ex-mayors of Dunedin.

Mr. William Barron was elected to a seat in the Dunedin City Council in 1874. He was also a member of the House of Representatives, and is referred to as such in another article.

Mr. John Grant was a native of Strathspey, Scotland, and was born on Christmas Day, 1825. In 1856 he and Mrs Grant, with their two children, sailed in the “Glentanner” for New Zealand. They arrived first at Lyttelton, and were transhipped in the “Kate Kearney” for Dunedin. Mr. Grant bought a section in Forth Street, where he built his house, in which he resided forty-five years. He was an elder in Knox church, and took an active interest in the Sunday school. In 1874 Mr. Grant was first elected to the Dunedin City Council, and was re-elected in 1876. Mrs Grant predeceased her husband, who died on the 17th of July, 1901.

Mr. Peter Gibson entered the City Council in 1874, as a representative of Leith Ward; he was re-elected in the following year, but retired on the 1st of August, 1877. Mr. Gibson was a Scotsman, and was in business as a butcher in Great King Street for some time. He died in Dunedin some years ago.

Mr. Bernard Isaac , who represented the ratepayers of High Ward in the City Council, from 1874 to the 8th of September, 1881, arrived in New Zealand from Australia, at the time of the gold rush. He was in business as a cheimst in Rattray Street for many years, and afterwards removed to Christchurch, where he died.

Mr. John Marshall Brown , who was elected a member of the Dunedin City Council in 1875, for High Ward, is fully referred to under the borough of Oamaru.

Mr. Daniel Campbell was elected to the City Council in 1875, and sat as a member for Bell Ward until the 1st of August, 1877. Mr. Campbell was connected with the “Otago Witness,” from the time of its establishment, for nearly thirty years. Mr. and Mrs Campbell's original selection was the site of the Arcade, which Mr. Campbell owned for some years. Most of the family are married and settled in the colony. Mr. Campbell died in Dunedin within recent years.

Mr. Frederick Revans Chapman , who became a member of the Dunedin City Council in 1875, was till lately a partner in the well-known firm of Messrs Smith, Chapman and Sinclair, barristers and solicitors, of Dunedin. He was appointed a Judge of the Supreme Court, and President of the Arbitration Court, in September, 1903.

Mr. Richard Henry Leary , who was twice Mayor, was first elected a member of the Dunedin City Council in 1875. He is elsewhere referred to as a former Mayor.

Mr. James Mollison became a member of the Dunedin City Council in 1875, for page 111 South Ward, which he represented until the 1st of August, 1877. Mr. Mollison was born in 1818, in Kincardineshire; Scotland, which he left in 1858 for Victoria. Two years later he crossed over to New Zealand, and settled in Dunedin, where he carried on business as a bootmaker for many years. Mr. Mollison was a member of the Otago Benevolent Institution and an elder of First Church. He died at Mornington on the 19th of May, 1896.

The Late Mr. J. Mollison.

Mr. John Tonkin Roberts , who was first elected a member of the Dunedin City Council in 1875, and re-elected in 1878, is a native of Cornwall, England. He was born in the village of St. Agnes, in February, 1833, and was engaged there for some years in the tin mines. In 1856 he sailed in the ship “Africa” for Victoria, Australia, where he remained five years. He arrived in Dunedin late in 1861, and was for two years engaged on the goldfields. In 1863 he established himself in business as a commission agent in Dunedin. Mr. Roberts has invested exclusively in the mining industry, and has been connected with some well-known and successful mines. He was married to Miss Elizabeth Gallway, and has three sons and three daughters.

Mr. Edmund E. C. Quick , who was elected a member of the Dunedin City Council in 1875, has taken an active interest in connection with the Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals, of which he was at one time secretary.

Mr. John Bryce Thomson , for eight years a member of the City Council, was first elected to that body in 1876. He is referred to in another article as a former Mayor of Dunedin.

Mr. William Wright was elected to the Dunedin City Council in 1876. He is well known as the managing director of Messrs William Wright and Co., Limited, coffee and spice merchants, Dunedin.

Mr. George Morrison Barr , who is referred to in another portion of this volume, was elected to the City Council in 1877, and sat as a member for two years.

Mr. Joseph Sykes Webb became a member of the City Council for High Ward in 1877, and was re-elected in the following year. He resigned on the 20th of April, 1880. Mr. Webb arrived in New Zealand from Sydney, in 1859, and carried on business in Dunedin, in an extensive way, as a general merchant. He was also connected with the newspaper “Otago Colonist,” and afterwards started a weekly paper, of which he was editor and proprietor. Mr. Webb subsequently went to Honolulu, but afterwards returned to Oamaru, where he resided until his death.

Mr. George Mingay Aldrich entered the City Council in 1878, and represented Leith Ward until his retirement on the 8th of September, 1881. Mr. Aldrich was in business in Dunedin in the grain trade, and was afterwards a member of the firm of Gray and Aldrich, flourmillers, Oamaru. He has latterly been living in retirement at Trentham, Hutt Valley, near Wellington.

Mr. James Doughty was elected to the City Council in 1878, as a representative of Leith Ward, but retired on the 11th of September, 1879. In the early days Mr. Doughty kept a small roadside hotel in the Tokomairiro district, but he afterwards removed to Dunedin, where he started in business as a surveyor and draughtsman. Subsequently he went Home, and took up his residence in London.

Mr. Andrew Mckinnon was a member for High Ward in the City Council, to which he was elected in 1878, and retained his seat until the 7th of January, 1881, when he resigned. Previously Mr. McKinnon had been Mayor of Port Chalmers for four years. He afterwards went to Tapanui, where he kept a hotel. There he also served on the Borough Council, and was Mayor for a year.

Mr. Archibald Hilson Ross was first elected to the Dunedin City Council in 1879, and in the following year he was elected Mayor. Having been Mayor for a year, he was again returned as a councillor. Mr. Ross is further referred to among the ex-mayors of Dunedin.

Mr. James Allen , B.A., M.H.R., J.P., served a term as a member of the City Council, to which he was elected in 1880. He again entered the Council in 1891, and was re-elected in the following year. Mr. Allen is further referred to in the Pariamentary and Military Section of this volume.

Mr. William Gilchrist became a member of the City Council in 1880, and represented the Bell Ward ratepayers until the 24th of February, 1882, when he resigned. Mr. Gilchrist was in business as a painter in George Street for some years, and latterly in the Octagon. He died in Dunedin several years ago.

Mr. Gilbert Crerar Matheson was born at Helmsdale, Sutherlandshire, in 1838, and came out to Otago by the ship “Pladda,” in 1863. On his arrival he was engaged as corresponding clerk by Messrs Dalgety, but subsequently entered into business on his own account. Mr. Matheson was elected to the Dunedin City Council in 1880, as a representative for South Ward. On the occasion of his leaving for a visit to the Old Country he resigned, and never afterwards sought re-election. He died on the 25th of April, 1898, leaving a widow and four sons

Mr. William Parker Street , who was elected to the City Council in 1880, and subsequently became Mayor of Dunedin, is referred to among the former mayors of the city.

Mr. George Blyth was a member of the Dunedin City Council during the year 1881.

Mr. George Eliot Eliot was born in 1817, and came out to New Zealand in 1840, landing at the Bay of Islands. In 1841 he entered the office of the Colonial Secretary at Auckland, as clerk, and remained in the Government service until 1872, when he retired. In 1876 he settled in Dunedin, where he took a great interest in church affairs. Mr. Eliot represented Leith Ward for a short time, in Dunedin City Council. He was twice married, and by his first wife he left a family of four sons and three daughters. Mr. Eliot died on the 17th of September, 1901.

Mr. Michael Fagan was an old colonist who took an active interest in municipal matters. When residing at Palmerston he served as a councillor, and was afterwards elected mayor of that borough. On taking up his residence in Dunedin he was elected to the City Coucil, first in 1881, and gave his services to the ratepayers until his health broke down, and he was compelled to remove to Oamaru. There he died on the 3rd of January, 1896, at the age of fifty-five years, leaving a widow and a numerous family.

Mr. Arthur Scoullar was elected to the City Council in 1881, and re-elected in the following years. He was afterwards Mayor of Dunedin, and is elsewhere referred to in that connection.

Mr. John Guthrie was returned to the City Council in 1882 for South Ward. He was re-elected in the following year, and resigned from the Council on the 6th of August, 1884. Mr. Guthrie was in business in Princes Street for many years, as a sail and tent maker. He took a very active interest in the Order of Oddfellows, and held important offices in that connection. Subsequently he removed to Sydney, where he now resides.

Mr. Donald Mckenzie Spedding was elected to the City Council in 1882, as a representative of South Ward. He was relected in 1885, but resigned on the 25th of January, 1886. Mr. Spedding is a well known auctioneer, carrying on business in Dunedin.

Mr. Robert A. Dick , who was elected to represent Leith Ward in the Dunedin City Council in 1883, and resigned in September, 1884, was born on the island of St. Helena in 1853, and was a son of the Hon. Thomas Dick. He was brought to New Zealand when a child, and was educated at Mr. J. H. Shaw's Grammar School, Dunedin, the Otago Boys' High School, and the Otago University. Later on Mr. Dick qualified as a lawyer, and afterwards practised his profession, in partnership with Mr. Webb, in Dunedin: Late in the eighties he went to Napier, and in 1890 he was drowned while bathing near the township.

Mr. George Munro , who served a term in the Dunedin City Council, to which he was elected in 1883, was a Perthshire man, and arrived in Otago in the early sixties. He was a well known monumental sculptor, and conducted a large business in Moray Place. Mr. Munro was also a member of the Caversham Borough Council. He was an enthusiastic angler and an ardent bowler, and was president of the St. Clair bowler, and was president of the St. Clair bolwing club. He died on the 6th of March, 1898, at the age of sixty-two years, leaving a wife, and a family of two sons and six daughters.

Mr. Robert Kinniburgh Murray , who was a member of the City Council of Dunedin from 1883 till September, 1887, was one of the band of pioneers who arrived in Otago by the ship “Nourmahal,” in 1858. He was born in 1820, in Edinburgh, where he was educated, and afterwards started in business in 1843, as a manufacturing confectioner, and successfully carried on the industry until he emigrated to Otago. After landing in Dunedin, Mr. Murray commenced his trade in Maclaggan Street, where he established a private hotel (now known as Woods') in conjunction with his business as manufacturing confectioner, etc. This business he conducted until 1879, when he retired in to private life. During his long residence in Dunedin, Mr. Murray took an active interest in municipal government, and was elected a member of the Town Board prior to that body being merged into the present municipality. Mr. Murray was twice married; first, in 1843, to Margaret Howden, of Elinburgh, and, secondly, to Robina Graham Barns, who died, as the result of an accident, in 1879, leaving five sons and two daughters. Mr. Murray died in Dunedin two or three years ago.

Mr. James Robin , who is referred to elsewhere as a member of the Otago Harbour Board, was for some time a member of the City Council, to which he was elected in 1883.

Mr. John Barron was a member of the Dunedin City Council during the years 1884–94. He is elsewhere referred to as inspector of wheel traffic for the City Corporation.

Mr. Alexander Cairns was a native of Menstrie, Perthshire, Scotland, where he was born in 1813. He served an apprenticeship as a stonemason, and in 1852 sailed for Victoria. In Melbourne he established a successful iron trade, but in 1862 he forsook Victoria for New Zealand. He entered the iron-mongery trade in Dunedin, and his business was the forerunner of that afterwards and still carried on by Messrs Arthur Briscoe and Co. In 1867, having disposed of his business, Mr. Cairns was appointed superintendent of works under the Provincial Council, and retained the post until the abolition of the provinces. He was elected to the City Council as a representative for South Ward, in August, 1884, and held his seat until the end of his term in 1886. He died on the 10th of December, 1891, leaving a large family of grown-up sons and daughters.

Mr. George Esther represented Leith Ward for three years in the Dunedin City Council, to which he was elected in 1884. Mr. Esther is well known in business circles, and is referred to elsewhere in this volume.

Mr. John Mathews was born at Bradford-on-Avon in 1834, learned the coach-building trade in London, and emigrated to Victoria in 1854. Six years later he came to Dunedin, and soon afterwards commenced business in Great King Street. Mr. Mathews took a keen and active interest in public affairs, and, in 1884, was elected as a city councillor for Leith Ward. He was also a member of the licensing committee, and an active member of the Union Street school committee for a number of years. Mr. Mathews died on the 21st of March, 1897, leaving a widow, and a grown-up family of four sons and two daughters.

Mr. John Alexander Barr was elected to the City Council for High Ward in 1885, but retired on the 10th of September of the same year. Mr. Barr was articled to Messrs Sievwright and Stout, and afterwards practised as a lawyer. He also took up literary work, but afterwards left the colony for London.

Mr. William Dawson, J.P. , who represented High Ward in the Dunedin City Council, and is more fully referred to as an ex-member of the House of Representatives for Dunedin suburbs, was first elected to the council in 1885. In November, 1887, he was induced to become a candidate for the Mayoralty, and was returned by a substantial majority. Mr. Dawson was again returned as a member of the Council in 1892. He has held office as a member of the Hospital Board of Trustees, and holds a seat on the Dunedin Harbour Board. In the Dunedin Caledonian Society Mr. Dawson has long taken a keen interest, and has been on two occasions its president. He has also held office as president of the Caledonian bowling club, and is an ex-president of the New Zealand Bowling Association.

Mr. James Gunn Cramond was born in Stirling, Scotland, in 1844, and arrived in New Zealand when six years of age. He was a blacksmith by trade, and entered business in Dunedin when quite a young man, and established a good connection. In January, 1886, Mr. Cramond was first elected a member of the City Council, for Leith Ward, and was re-elected on two subsequent occasions—in 1888 and 1891. He was also a member of the George Street school committee, and was a man of great integrity and energy. Mr. Cramond died on the 28th of November, 1891, leaving a widow and a family of eight.

The Hon. Hugh Gourley , who was first elected a member of the Dunedin City Council in 1836, served the ratepayers in that capacity for about ten years. He is elsewhere referred to as chairman of the Otago Harbour Board.

Dr. John Hislop, LL.D. , whose interesting public life is described in another part of this volume, was first elected to the City Coucil in 1886, and was re-elected in the following year.

The Hon. Alfred Lee Smith , who was elected a member of the City Council in 1886, is elsewhere referred to as a member of the Legislative Council.

Mr. Mark Sinclair , who was for four years a member of the Dunedin City Council, was born in 1843 in South Australia, where he was educated and learned his trade as a coachbuilder. On coming to New Zealand in 1873, he started the business described elsewhere in this volume, and still personally conducts it. He contested the mayoralty on one occasion, but was defeated. Mr. Sinclair has been a member of the Otago agricultural and pastoral association for many years, and has occupied the position of its president. He was one of the organisers of the New Zealand manufacturers association, and continues to take a deep interest in that body. Mr. Sinclair was married in South Australia, and has two sons and two daughters.

Mr. Henry Frederick Hardy, J.P. , who represented South Ward in the City Council for many years, was first elected to that body in 1887. Mr. Hardy, who is an architect by profession, is referred to in that connection in another article.

Mr. Alfred Charles Kimbell entered the City Council in 1887, and represented the South Ward ratepayers until his retirement on the 11th of September, 1890. While on the Council he served on the general, public works, and water supply commitees. Mr. Kimbell was in business as a fruiterer in Princes Street for a considerable time, but afterwards left Dunedin.

Mr. Abraham Solomon, J.P. , who was a member of the Dunedin City Council for Bell Ward, was elected to the Council in 1887, and returned at each recurring election from that date up to the time of his death, on the 27th of March, 1900. He was chairman of the Otago Benevolent Institution, for many years, and was a member of committee for several years before being elected to the chair. Mr. Solomon was born in London in 1834, educated in his native city, came out to Victoria in 1852, and after nine years in Melbourne he crossed over to New Zealand. In 1869 he established himself as a watchmaker, jeweller, and pawnbroker in George Street, and successfully conducted the business. He was a member of the Dunedin Charitable Aid Board, and held the Commission of the Peace for several years. Mr. Solomon was married in 1856, and left one son, the well known barrister and solicitor, Mr. Saul Solomon.

Mr. Mark Cohen , who was elected to the Dunedin City Council in 1888, and reelected in 1890 and 1893, was, during his term of office, the acknowledged leader of the progressive party. He strongly advocated scientific drainage, a cheap gas supply, and tapping the head waters of the Waitati for an additional water supply. Mr. Cohen was the first to urge the municipalisation of the tram services, and has been at the head of the public library movement. In 1871 he unsuccessfully contested the mayoralty, being defeated by Mr. C. R. Chapman.

Mr. Charles Haynes was first elected to the City Council in 1888, and served the ratepayers for about twelve years, during which he represented South and Leith Wards. He was also Mayor of Dunedin for a term, and is referred to as such in another article.

Mr. Peter McGregor , who was a member of the City Council during the years 1888, 1891, and 1894, was born in Stirlingshire, Scotland, in 1835. He was brought up as a house painter, and has continuously followed the trade since his arrival in Dunedin in 1859. Mr. McGregor was a member of the Dunedin Licensing Committee for six years, of the Hortioultural Society for twenty-eight years, of the Arthur Street school committee for about seventeen years, and has also been a member of the Dunedin Benevolent and Charitable Aid Boards. He was married in Scotland, in 1857, to Miss Ann Anderson, of Dunfermline, a cousin of Andrew Carnegie, the American millionaire, and has three sons and three daughters.

Mr. William Swan represented the Leith Ward in the City Council from 1888 until his election as Mayor ten years later. He is further referred to among the ex-mayors of Dunedin.

Mr. C. R. Chapman represented Bell Ward in the City Council, and was returned at the head of the poll at the election held in December, 1890. He is referred to elsewhere as an ex-mayor of Dunedin, and also as a barrister and solioitor.

Mr. John Toomey was elected to the City Council, in 1890, for Bell Ward; was re-elected in 1891, and retired on the 13th of September, 1894. Mr. Toomey was formerly a policeman, who had retired from the force. He owned property in houses and hotels. Mr. Toomey died suddenly in Dunedin some years ago.

Mr. William Owen , who was a member of the City Council for Leith Ward, from 1892 to the 13th of September, 1894, was born at Stranaer, Scotland, in 1829. He emigrated to Victoria, Australia, in 1854, and was for seven years engaged in business as a carrier in Melbourne; his chief trade being the conveyance of provisions from the city to the goldfields. In 1861 he arrived in Dunedin, where for about twenty years he was engaged in a similar calling. Early in the eighties Mr. Owen abandoned the carting business to establish himself as a provision merchant in the north-east part of the city. He continnued to trade there till 1900, when he sold out and retired into private life. Mr. Owen was for about two years a member of the Charitable Aid Board, and was one of the first members of the Dunedin Caledonian Society, and of the Burns Club. He was married, in 1883, to Miss Ellen Cotter, of Dunedin.

Mr. Archibald Morrison was elected to the City Council in 1894, and represented Bell Ward up to the time of his death. For many years he was a partner in the firm of Anderson and Morrison, but latterly he had carried on business on his own account, under the style of A. Morrison and Co. Mr. Morrison was an active member of the Caledonian Society, and also a Freemason. He died suddenly on the 31st of December, 1896, aged fifty-nine years.

Mr. N. Y. A. Wales sat in the City Council as a representative of High Ward, and was Mayor in 1894–95. He is elsewhere referred to in that connection, and also as having been senior member in the well known firm of Messrs Mason and Wales, arohiteots. Mr. Wales died on the 3rd of November, 1903.

Mr. Robert Chisholm, J.P. , was elected to represent the ratepayers of High Ward in the Dunedin City Council in 1895, and again in 1898, and was returned unopposed on both occasions. He is elsewhere referred to as an ex-mayor of Dunedin, and as managing director of the well known firm of Scoullar and Chisholm, Limited.

Mr. George Lyon Denniston, J.P. , was one of the three representatives of South Ward in the City Council, to which he was elected in 1897, and he subsequently occupied the mayoral chair for a term. Mr. Denniston is Consul for Belgium, and is more fully referred to in another article.

Mr. P. Miller represented High Ward in the City Council, to which he was elected in 1897, and he was on the public works and reserves committees of that body. Mr. Miller is also a member of the committee of management of Dunedin Hospital, and is further referred to under that institution.

Mr. James Alexander Park was elected to the City Council in 1897, as a representative of Bell Ward, and re-elected in 1900 and 1901. He became Mayor of the city in 1902, and is further referred to in that connection.

Mr. Alexander George Christopher , who was elected to represent Leith Ward in the Dunedin City Council in 1898, and re-elected in 1901, is a native of New South Wales. He was born at Singleton in 1870, and is a son of the late Alexander MacKenzie Christopher, a large runholder, who died in 1872. His widowed mother then settled in Dunedin, where he was educated at private and public schools, chiefly the Albany Street public school. Shortly after leaving school he entered the office of the late Mr. Edward Cook, barrister and solicitor, and, later on, he spent five years with Mr. Fraser, now Crown Prosecutor for Otago. Towards the end of that term he was associated with Mr. Brinsley in the establishment of the now thriving firm of Messrs Brinsley and Co., range makers, and at the expiration of the fifth year with Mr. Fraser, he left to assist in the conduct of the business, of which he was one of the promoters. Three years later he sold his interest in the firm, and began on his own account as a commission agent; a calling which he still follows. In 1897 Mr., Christopher was appointed a Justice of the Peace, and in 1896 he was gazetted a Visiting Justice of Her Majesty's gaols. He has since resigned the Commission of the Peace. For several years Mr. Christopher took an active interest in politics as a member of the Dunedin Liberal Association. During the eighties and early nineties he was an active footballer, and was a member of the Union Football Club.

Mr. Edward Howlison , who was elected to the Dunedin City Council, for Leith Ward, in 1838, and re-elected in 1899, was born in Roslyn, Dunedin, in 1866, and is the second son of the late Mr. Robert Howlison, builder, contractor, and architect. He was educated at All Saints' parochial school, and at the Dunedin Boys' High School, and after-wards entered the service of the City Corporation as a cadet in the water department, of which he subsequently became chief officer. In 1896 he resigned to join Mr. Cooke in his then newly-established business in Great King Street. From boyhood Mr. Howlison has taken a keen interest in almost every phase of sporting life in the city. He was a member of the High School Cadet Corps, and later on joined the Dunedin Artillery Volunteers, with which he was connected for two or three years. In 1878 he promoted the Zingari Football Club, of which he continued to be a member till its union with the Richmond Football Club, and he then joined the Pirates Football Club. As a cyclist he is well known throughout the colony, having many times appeared in competitive matches. He was one of the promoters of the Otago Cycling Club, and is now a member of the Dunedin Cycling Club.

Mr. Thomas Scott , who is elsewhere referred to as Mayor of Dunedin, first entered the City Council in 1899, and was re-elected in 1901.

Mr. Henry Edward Muir, J.P. , who was elected to represent High Ward in the Dunedin City Council in 1900, and was relected, unopposed, in 1901, was, while a member of the Council, chairman of the Reserves Committee, and a member of the Water, Gas, General, Works, and Finance Committees. He was defeated for his ward at the general municipal election in 1903. In 1900 Mr. Muir was appointed to represent the City Council on the Ocean Beach Domain Board, on which he held a seat till June, 1903, when the pressure of journalistic duties compelled him to retire. He was gazetted a Justice of the Peace in 1899. Mr. Muir was born in Bendigo, Victoria, in 1852. He attended a public school for a short time in Bendigo, and at the age of nine accompanied his parents to Dunedin, where he completed his education at public and private schools. From boyhood he has been engaged, almost continuously, in newspaper work. He commenced his journalistic career in the printing department of the “Palmerston and Waikouaiti Herald” office, and subsequently found employment as a compositor in the offices of the “Otago Guardian” (Dunedin), and the “Bruce Herald” (Milton). In 1873 he entered into partnership with three others, and established the “Clutha Leader,” which was afterwards sold to a company. After spending a few years as a compositor in the printing department of the “Otago Daily Times,” Mr. Muir assisted in the establishment of the “Morning Herald,” with which he was connected for several years. He afterwards entered into partnership with Mr. Thomas Lawson, of Palmerston South, and leased the “Timaru Evening Mail,” and when that paper was disposed of to Mr. William Foden, Mr. Muir was employed to edit it. For several months Mr. Muir edited the “Ashburton Guardian” and “Ashburton Mail” for Major Steward (now Sir William Steward), and he was afterwards in succession sub-editor and editor of the “Evening Globe,” Dunedin. At a later period he joined the staff of the “Otago Daily Times,” on a special engagement, the result of which was a substantial increase to the city circulation of that journal. During the mining boom in Otago, Mr. Muir went into business as a sharebroker, and was elected to the position of chairman of the Equitable Stock Exchange. After the subsidence of the mining boom, he again returned to journalism as a member of the “Evening Star” staff, where he has occupied the positions of relieving sub-editor and general reporter. Mr. Muir was married, in February, 1879, to Miss Annie Black, fourth daughter of the late Alexander Black, farmer, of Chatton, Southland, and has five sons and one daughter.

Mr. Thomas Alfred Maitland was elected to the City Council on the 24th of April, 1901, as a representative for Leith Ward, and retired in April, 1903. Mr. Maitland is elsewhere referred to as a partner in the firm of Messrs Charles H. Tucker and Co.