North and South Islands, Stewart Island: From the North Cape southwards, plentiful in the North Island, but rare and local to the south of Cook Strait. Sea-level to 2000 ft. Waewaekaka; Waewaematuku.

Common in Australia, also extending to New caledonia and Malaya. Mr. Colenso's G. patens is an excessively proliferous state with slender almost subscandent seems, forming large masses in heated soil near hot springs at; Taupo. The fronds are more membranous than usual, but that and its other peculiarities are easily accounted for by the exceptional nature of its habitat.

Var. hecistophylla—Usually 1–3 ft. high. Frond much and closely dichotomously branched, usually spreading in a horizontal plane; stipes and rhachis densely woolly and scaly. Segments strongly incurved beneath, sometimes as much as in the typical form, but variable in this respect.—G hecisto-phylla, A. Cunn. Precur. u. 163; Hook. Sp. Fil. i. 4, t 2B. G. semi-vestita var. hecistophylla, Hook. f. Fl. Nov. Zel. ii. 5. G. circinata var. hecistophylla, Hook. f. Handb. N.Z. Fl. 348.

Var. alpina, Hook. f. Fl. Tasm. ii. 131.—Smaller and more compactly tufted, 2–12 in. high; rhachis, young shoots, and under-surface of segments densely clothed with ferruginous wool mixed with scales. Fronds much smaller and more sparingly divided.—Handb. N.Z. Fl. 348; Benth. Fl. Austral. vii. 698. G. alpina, R. Br. Prodr. 161; Hook, and Grev. Ic. Fil. t. 58; Hook. Sp. Fil. i. 2.

North and South Islands, Stewart Island, Chatham Islands: Var. hecistophylla abundant in swampy places on poor soils in the North Island, local elsewhere. Sea-level to 2000 ft. Var. alpina: Mountainous localities from Moehau (Cape Colville) and Rotorua southwards, ascending to 4500 ft.

As a species, G. dicarpa stands very near to G. circinata, principally differing in the smaller segments of the pinnæ, which have their margins incurved almost to the costa, leaving only a narrow slit open, through which the sori are visible unless masked by the ferruginous tomentum. I have followed the "Synopsis Filicum" in placing Cunningham's G. hecistophylla under G. dicarpa, but it has equal claims to be included with G. circinata, which was the position given to it by Sir J. D. Hooker, both in the Flora and the Handbook. The late Baron Mueller justly observed (Veg. Chath. Isl. 63) that it obliterates the limits of the two species. The typical form of G. dicarpa occurs in eastern Australia, New Caledonia, and Malaya, and var. alpina in Tasmania.

North and South Islands, Stewart Island: In forests from the North Cape southwards, abundant in the North Island, local to the south of Cook Strait. Sea-level to 4000 ft. Umbrella Fern; Tapuivaekotuku.

Allied to G. flabellata, but the fronds spread in a horizontal plane, and are much more rigid and coriaceous, and the segments are shorter and narrower, quite entire, and glaucous beneath. It appears to be confined to New Zealand.

North Island: Auckland — Not uncommon by the side of streams, &c, from the North Cape to the Bay of Islands, rare and local southwards to the Kauaeranga River (Thames) and the Manukau Harbour.

Also in Australia, ranging from Queensland to Tasmania, and in New Caledonia. Mr. Golenso's G. littoralis is certainly nothing more than a dwarf state, usually occurring near the sea.

North Island: Auckland—In heated soil near hot springs; Rotoma-hana, Captain G. Mair! Kirk! (in this locality destroyed by the eruption of Tarawera in 1886); Otumakokori and Orakeikorako, Kirk! T. F. C.; Kara-piti, Hochstetter; Wairakei, Norton! Field, T. F. C.; hot springs near Matata, Captain G. Mair. Sea-level to 1600 ft.

Almost universal in tropical and subtropical countries. Forster, in his "Esculent Plants" (p. 75), recorded it as a native of New Zealand, and stated that the roots were eaten by the Natives; but as he only collected in the South Island it is extremely improbable that he ever saw it in New Zealand, and there is no other record of the roots being eaten.