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Manual of the New Zealand Flora.

Tribe III. Paniceæ

Tribe III. Paniceæ.

Spikelets with 1 terminal hermaphrodite flower with or without a male one below it. Flowering glumes awnless, cartilaginous or coriaceous, in fruit hardened and enclosing the grain. Outer glumes thinner in texture than the flowering glumes, rarely awned.
Spikelets 1-flowered, plano-convex, sessile in 2 or 4 rows in one-sided spikes which are either in pairs or form the branches of a simple panicle. Empty glumes 2 3. Paspalum.
Spikelets with 2 hermaphrodite flowers, panicled; outer glumes 2, persistent after the rest of the spikelet has fallen away 4. Isachne.
Spikelets with 1 hermaphrodite flower and sometimes a male flower below; outer glumes 2 or 3, not awned, the lowest often very small 5. Panicum.
Stems weak, decumbent; leaves broad, ovate to lanceolate. Spikelets as in Panicum, but outer glumes awned 6. Oplismenus.
Spikelets enclosed, each one or 2–3 together, in an involucre of rigid spines or bristles, often connate into a cup below 7. Cenchrus.
Stout wide-creeping sand-plant. Inflorescence diæcious; males in spikes clustered in heads; females in dense globular heads with long radiating pungent-pointed bracts 8. Spinifex.