Var. triandrus.—Similar to the typical form in size and habit, but the pith interrupted with irregular cavities, stamens 3 only, and capsule smaller and blunter, more oblong in shape.

North and South Islands: Damp places from the Auckland Isthmus southwards, not common. Sea-level to 2000 ft. December–February. Var. triandrus: Vicinity of Auckland, T. F. C.; Paterson's Inlet, Stewart Island, D. Petrie I

A common Australian plant. It is without doubt the Juncus tenax var major of the Banks and Solander MSS., as pointed out by Mr. Rendle (Journ. Bot. xxxviii. (1900) 80); but Brown's name is the earliest accompanied by a sufficient description. The typical state is easily recognised by its large size,. the six stamens, and the ovoid-trigonous capsule considerably exceeding the perianth.

North and South Islands: Not uncommon in wet places throughout. Sea-level to 2500 ft. December–February.

Also in Australia, where it ranges from Queensland to Tasmania. In its-usual state distinguished without much difficulty by the small size, very slender stems, lax few-flowered inflorescence, and ovoid-trigonous capsule dis-page 726tinctly longer than the perianth, but specimens with a closer many-flowered inflorescence cannot be separated from J. effusus in the absence of ripe fruit. Buchenau's var. Gunnii appears to be a mere form differing slightly in the darker-coloured basal sheaths and flowers, and slightly longer capsule.

North and South Islands: Marshy places from the North Cape to Banks Peninsula, not uncommon. December–February.

In referring Hooker's J. australis to the Australian J. vaginatus I have followed Buchenau's recent memoir on the Australian Junci Genuini (Engl. Bot. Jahr. 1895), and the opinion expressed by Mr. Rendle (Journ. Bot. 1900, 81). The New Zealand plant can generally be separated from J. effusus (polyanthe-mus, Buchen.) by the larger size, by the inflorescence being split up into distinct little rounded cymes or groups of flowers, and by the larger and rather narrower capsule; but some states are difficult to place. Smaller and more slender forms show an approach to J. pauciflorus, but the capsule of that species usually much exceeds the perianth.

North and South Islands, Stewart Island: Abundant in damp places throughout. Sea-level to 3000 ft. Wiwi. November–February.

Under the name of J. effusus I have for the present placed several forms which, though not exactly agreeing with the typical J. effusus, appear to be too close to it to be considered as distinct species. One of these has the tall soft stems with continuous pith, lax pale inflorescence, and small broadly obovoid almost retuse capsule of the typical state, and to my mind cannot possibly be separated from it. A second and most abundant variety has more slender rigid and wiry stems, with interrupted pith, and the capsule is rounded and imperfectly 3-celled. This I take to be the J. polyanthemus of Buchenau. Closely allied to it is a still more slender form with the inflorescence split up into small rounded glomerules, almost after the fashion of J. vaginatus (australis, Hook. f.), but differing altogether in habit and in the small capsule. Buchenau, in his monograph of the order, placed it under J. pauciflorus as var. Cheesemanii, although wanting the ovoid exserted capsule of that species. He now refers it to his J. polyanthemus. How far I am correct in merging the above, together with other less prominent varieties, under one species can only be determined by a leisurely and comprehensive study of the whole of the New Zealand forms, based upon more numerous specimens than have hitherto been collected, and checked by observations in the field. J. effusus, as ordinarily understood, is almost cosmopolitan in its distribution.

North and South Islands: Brackish-water marshes or sands from the North Cape to Banks Peninsula, abundant. Inland on the shores of Lake Eotorua, and by the Waikato River near Orakeikorako. December–January.

Also common on most parts of the Australian coast. It differs from the typical state of the species, which has a wide distribution in the north temperate zone, in the darker colour of the whole plant, in the smaller and more densely aggregated darker flowers, in the shorter capsule, and in the less evident tails to the seeds.

North and South Islands, Chatham Islands, Stewart Island, Auck-land Islands: Prom the Three Kings Islands and the North Cape southwards, abundant. Sea level to 4000 ft. November–January.

Almost universally distributed in temperate climates.

North and South Islands: In various localities from Mongonui to Dun-edin, not uncommon. Sea-level to 3000 ft. November–January.

An abundant North American plant, extending into some parts of South America, found also in western Europe, &c. It is a very doubtful native of New Zealand, and has certainly increased its range considerably of late years.

North and South Islands, Chatham Islands, Stewart Island, Auck-land Islands: Abundant throughout. Sea-level to 3000 ft. November–January.

An abundant plant in Australia and Tasmania, also found in Chili.

North and South Islands: Prom the Auckland Isthmus to Otago, rather local. November–January.

Closely allied to J. planifolius, with which it has been confounded by most New Zealand botanists-. It can be distinguished by the narrower involute leaves, densely congested cymes, rather larger flowers, the stamens always 6 in number, and in the fewer and larger smoother seeds. The typical state, which is common in Australia, has the cyme laxly branched, with shorter bracts.

North Island: Rangipo Plain, near the foot of Ruapehu, Petrie! South Island: Nelson—Mount Arthur, Mount Owen, T. F. C.; Lake Rotoiti, Kirk. Canterbury—Broken River, J. D. Enys! Kirk! T. F. C.; Tasman Valley, T. F. C. Otago —Not uncommon in the central and southern districts, Buchanan! Petrie! Stewart Island: Kirk! Auckland and Campbell Islands: Hooker, Kirk! Usually from 1500–4000 ft., but descends to sea-level in Otago and the islands to the south. December–February.

A very distinct species. The Campbell Island plant is said to have 6 stamens and the culms hardly longer than the leaves, whereas in New Zealand the stamens are nearly always 3, and the culms usually (but not invariably) exceed the leaves. I agree with Professor Buchenau in considering Kirk's J. brevifolius to be a mere state of J. antarcticus.

North Island: Wet places in lowland stations from the Bay of Islands to Wellington, not uncommon. South Island: Nelson — Motueka Valley, T. F. C. November–January.

Easily distinguished from J. holoschœnus by the strongly compressed stems, flattened and incompletely septate leaves, large spreading cymes, and by the stamens being 3 only. It is widely diffused in Australia and eastern Asia.

North Island: Swamps from the Bay of Islands southwards to Welling-ton, not common. Sea-level to 2500 ft. November–February.

Also found in Australia and Tasmania. Bentham unites it with J. pris-matocarpus, from which it appears to me to be abundantly distincb, as pointed out under that species.

North and South Islands: From the Auckland Isthmus to Foveaux Strait, not uncommon in wet places. Sea-level to 3500 ft. November–February.

A common plant in many parts of the north temperate zone, but in the Southern Hemisphere apparently restricted to New Zealand. Perhaps not truly indigenous, although now widely spread, even in remote mountain districts.

South Island: Otago—Lake district, alpine, Hector and Buchanan (Handbook). Auckland and Campbell Islands: In boggy places, Hooker. Antipodes Island: Kirk!

I have seen no specimens but Mr. Kirk's, which have the habit of J. novœ zealandiœ. Professor Buchenau appears to doubt the identity of the New Zealand plant with the South American J. scheuchzerioides, to which it was referred by Hooker. I have had no opportunity of comparing specimens.

North and South Islands, Stewart Island: Mountain-swamps from the East Cape and Taranaki southwards, abundant. Sea-level to 4500 ft. December–March.

North and South Islands: Swampy places from the Bay of Plenty southwards, not so common as J. novœ-zealandiœ. Sea-level to 4000 ft. December–March.

I suspect that this will prove to be a variety of J. novœ-zealandiœ, from which there is little to separate it, except the smaller paler-coloured flowers and smaller and narrower capsule, which is often scarcely longer than the perianth. I have several states which appear to be quite intermediate. It is also found in south-eastern Australia and Tasmania.