Var. integrifolia, Kirk, l.c.—Stems small, 1–2 in., almost simple. Leaves linear, entire, obtuse. Peduncle terminal, slender. Head small, in. diam.— C. integrifolia, Hook. f. Fl. Tasm. i. 192, t. 50B.

North and South Islands, Stewart Island, Chatham Island: Not uncommon in wet places in lowland districts. October–February.

Widely spread through the south temperate zone; also found in some parts of Europe and North America, but probably naturalised only.

Kermadec Islands, North and South Islands, Chatham Islands: Abundant in lowland districts. September–March.

Also found in Australia, Tasmania, and Tristan d'Acunha; and perhaps not really different from a South African plant.

South Island: Dry shingle slopes in alpine localities, Nelson to Otago; not uncommon, 3500–6500 ft. January–February.

Easily recognised by the greyish-green foliage and almost black heads. It is a variable plant in the size of the heads, length of the involucral bracts, and in their being sometimes entire, sometimes pinnatifid.

Auckland and Campbell Islands: Hooker! Kirk! Chapman! Antipodes Island: Kirk! Macquarie Island: Scott, A. Hamilton, December–January.

A very handsome species, easily recognised by the large pale-green feathery foliage. It is also found in Kerguelen Island and the Crozets.

Auckland and Campbell Islands: Hooker, Kirk! Chapman! December–January.

Distinguished from the preceding by the smaller size, stouter habit, leaves not so finely cut, smaller heads, and glandular florets.

Chatham Islands: Not uncommon in moist places, H. H. Travers! Enys! Cockayne and Cox!

This was apparently referred to C. lanata by Sir J. D. Hooker (Handb., p. 733), but it differs from that plant in being much less woolly, in the larger leaves with broader toothed segments, longer peduncles, and glandless florets.

Stewart Island: Chiefly on sand-dunes, Kirk! December–February.

Very closely allied to C. Muelleri, of which it may be a variety. The habit is the same, and the leaves can only be distinguished by the smaller size and apiculate segments. But the heads are markedly different in the few female florets, which are in one row only, and have much broader achenes.

South Island: Canterbury—Lake Lyndon, Enys! Kirk! T. F. C.; Lake Tekapo, T. F. C. Otago—Kakanui, Maniototo Plain, Nevis Valley, Moss-burn, Lake Te Anau, Petrie! Buchanan! Sea-level to 3000 ft. January–February.

A very distinct little plant, probably common throughout the South Island.

C. minor, Hook. f. Handb. N.Z. Fl. 142.—Stems slender, creeping, branched, 2–12 in. long or more, glabrous or silky at the page 355 tips. Leaves alternate on slender creeping runners or fascicled on short lateral branchlets, thin and membranous, glabrous or slightly silky, ½–2 in. long, linear-oblong or linear-obovate in outline, pin-natifid almost to the base; segments close-set or the lower distant, oblong or obovoid, recurved, deeply and acutely toothed on both edges or on the upper only. Peduncles slender, naked, shorter or longer than the leaves. Heads small, ⅙–⅕ in. diam.; involucral bracts few, 8–12, broadly oblong or orbicular, usually with broad purplish margins. Female florets in 3–4 series; corolla inflated, broadly ovoid, with a narrow 2–3-toothed mouth. Disc-florets fewer in number, funnel-shaped, 4-toothed. Achenes of the female florets obovoid, glandular.—Kirk, Students' Fl. 324. Leptinella minor, Hook. f. Fl. Nov. Zel. i. 129. Soliva tenella, A. Cunn. Precur. n. 445.

North and South Islands: Not uncommon from the North Cape southwards. Sea-level to 2500 ft. November–January.

South Island: "Canterbury Plains, amongst grass, Haast."

This does not seem to have been collected since its original discovery, more than forty years ago. Not having seen specimens, I have reproduced Hooker's description.

South Island: Canterbury Plains, Haast! Petrie; Banks Peninsula, Haast! Kirk! Cockayne! Sea-level to 2500 ft. December–January.

Closely allied to C. pectinata, but the leaves are broader, with the segments deeply toothed or incised.

Var. sericea, Kirk, l.c. 326.—Smaller and more compactly branched, everywhere clothed with long dense silky hairs. Peduncles shorter and stouter, ½–1 in. long. Heads in. diam. Perhaps a distinct species.

South Island: Nelson—Clarence Valley, T. F. C.; Mount Captain, Kirk! Canterbury—Mount Torlesse, Haast! mountains above the Broken River, Enys! Kirk! T. F. C. Oago—Lake district, Hector and Buchanan! common in mountain districts, Petrie! Var. sericea: Old Man Range and Mount Cardrona, Petrie! Ben Lomond, Cockayne! Altitudinal range from 1500 to 6000 ft. December–January.

Var. pinnatisecta, Kirk, l.c.—Leaves pinnatifid, clothed with silky hairs.

South Island: Otago—Mount Pisa and the Hector Mountains, Petrie! 5000–6000 ft. January–February.

A curious little plant, perhaps nearest to C. pectinata. The leaves closely resemble those of Azorella Selago.

Chatham Island: Usually near the coast, H. H. Travers! Cockayne and Cox!

A very remarkable species, quite unlike any other.

South Island: Nelson—Mountains flanking the Wairau Valley, T. F. C. 3000–4500 ft. December–January.

Distinguished from C. pyrethrifolia by the entire leaves. In outward appearance it closely resembles Ahrotanella linearis.

South Island: Abundant in mountain districts in Nelson, Marlborough, and Canterbury, rare and local in Otago. 2500–6000 ft. December- February.

North Island: East Cape and Hawke's Bay, Colenso! South Island: Not uncommon throughout. Sea-level to 4500 ft. November–February.

North Island: Bay of Plenty, Petrie! East Cape and Hawke's Bay, Colenso! Mount Hikurangi, Adams and Petrie! Mount Egmont ranges, T. F. C. South Island: Not uncommon from Nelson to Foveaux Strait. Sea-level to 4000 ft. December–February.

Closely allied to C perpusilla, but distinguished by the greater size, soft flaccid leaves with deeply incised segments, and by the larger pistillate heads, which have the involucral bracts so much incurved as to completely hide the florets.

North and Souts Islands, Stewart Island: Not uncommon from the Great Barrier Island and the Kaipara Harbour southwards; most plentiful near the sea, but ascending to 3000 ft. November–February.

A most puzzling plant, exceedingly variable in the size of the leaves and the extent to which they are toothed or divided, and also varying much in the size of the flower-heads. Mr. Kirk divided it into three species; but these are clearly connected by intermediate forms, and cannot always be distinguished by the descriptions he has given. The following are the chief varieties, but it must be borne in mind that the characters used to separate them are purely arbitrary.

Var. a.—Leaves 1–2 in., obovate-spathulate, membranous, flaccid, toothed or lobulate above, pinnatifid below, segments entire or toothed. Abundant.

Var. crenatifolia, Kirk, Students' Fl.—Leaves ¾–3 in., oblong-spathulate, membranous, crenate-toothed, with a few deeper divisions at the base of the leaf. Mountain swamps in the South Island.

Var. rotundata.—More robust, hairy. Leaves ½–1½ in., orbicular-spathulate, toothed above, usually lobulate or pinnatifid below.—Cliffs between the Manukau and Kaipara Harbours, T. F. C.; East Coast, Colenso!

Var. pulchella.—Slender. Leaves ⅓–2½ in., linear-oblong or linear-obovate, membranous but firm, pinnatifid, often pinnate at the base. Often difficult to separate from var. a, but. leaves usually narrower and more deeply divided.— C. pulchella, Kirk, Students' Fl. 328. Swamps in the South Island, Stewart Island.

Var. obscura. — Very small, 4/3–1 in. long. Leaves few, ⅓–½ in., oblong-lanceolate or linear-oblong, lobed or pinnatifid, lobes 3 or 4 on each side. Heads small, 1/10–⅛ in. diam.—C. obscura, Kirk, l.c. 327. Swamps at Woodend, Southland, Kirk!