G. Lyallii, Hook. f.-Fl. Nov. Zel. i. 137.—Stems 1–2 ft. high, stout, branched, decumbent or prostrate at the woody base, then erect, cottony above. Leaves close - set or the upper remote, spreading, 2–4 in. long, ¼–¾ in. broad, narrow oblong-lanceolate or narrow obovate-lanceolate, acute, gradually narrowed to a sessile base, membranous, glabrous above, beneath clothed with thinly appressed white tomentum and distinctly 3-nerved. Heads rather large, in. diam., disposed in many - flowered terminal corymbs 2–4 in. across; pedicels cottony. Involucral bracts numerous, scarious, white, radiating, with short woolly claws. Female florets very numerous, disc-florets much fewer. Achene linear-oblong, smooth, glabrous. Pappus-hairs few, very slender.—Handb. N.Z. Fl. 152; Kirk, Students' Fl. 297. G. adhærens, Col. in Trans. N.Z. Inst. xvii. (1885) 244.

North Island: Ruahine Range, Colenso! Andrew, Howlett! Murimotu and Moawhango, Petrie! Rimutaka Range, Kirk! South Island: Not uncommon along the western side from Collingwood to the Otira Gorge and southwards to Milford Sound. Sea-level to 2500 ft. November–January.

A handsome plant, in its usual state at once recognised by the large size, broad distinctly 3-nerved leaves, and large heads. But small states with narrower leaves and smaller heads are difficult to separate from G. Keriense, and there is little doubt that the two species pass into one another. In both G. Lyallii and Keriense the disc-florets are frequently sterile, showing a tendency in the heads to become unisexual.

G. trinerve, Forst. Prodr. n. 289. —Stems 1–2 ft. long, rather slender, sparingly branched, prostrate or decumbent, glabrate below, more or less white and cottony above. Leaves distant, spreading or deflexed, ½–1 in. long, obovate-lanceolate or spathulate, broadest towards the tip, acute or apiculate, gradually narrowed to a broad base, glabrous above and faintly 3-nerved, white with appressed wool beneath. Heads in corymbs of 3 to 10 or solitary, terminating the branches, which are produced into slender cottony bracteate peduncles, ½–¾ in. diam. Involucral bracts numerous, white, radiating, the outer woolly at the base. Achene linear-oblong, glabrous. Pappus-hairs few, slender.—A. Rich. Fl. Nouv. Zel. 239; A. Cunn. Precur. n. 455; Raoul, Choix, 45; Hook. f. Fl. Nov. Zel. i. 138: Handb. N.Z. Fl. i. 153; Kirk, Students' Fl. 297.

North Island: Rimutaka Range, Kirk! South Island: West coast of Nelson to Westland and Milford Sound, south and east coasts of Otago; not uncommon. Sea-level to 2000 ft. November–December.

Closely allied to the preceding, but sufficiently characterized by the more slender stems, shorter obovate-spathulate leaves, which are seldom 3-nerved beneath, and by the bracteate peduncles.

North Island: Abundant by the sides of streams, &c, from Mongonui to Cook Strait. South Island: Nelson, Travers; Wangapeka Valley, T. F. C.; Dusky Bay, Lyall. Sea-level to 2000 ft. October–December.

G. subrigidum, Col. in Trans. N.Z. hist. xvii. (1885) 245.— Stems usually much branched, sometimes almost bushy, erect or decumbent at the base, woody, 9–20 in. long; branches slender, brittle, somewhat rigid, glabrous or cottony at the tips. Leaves close-set, spreading, ½–1¼ in. long, 1/40–1/15 in. broad, very narrow-linear or narrow linear-spathulate, acute or apiculate, stiff and coriaceous, glabrous above, white with appressed tomentum beneath but with the midrib evident; margins recurved. Heads very numerous, ⅓–½ in. diam., in broad many-flowered corymbs at the ends of the branches; pedicels usually very slender, almost capillary, white and cottony. Involucral bracts white and radiating. Achene and pappus as in G. Keriense.—G. Keriense var. linifolia, Hook. f. Fl. Nov. Zel. i. 138; Handb. N.Z. Fl. 153; Kirk, Students' Fl. 298.

North Island: Dry rocky banks from the East Cape and Taupo to Wauganui; not uncommon. Sea-level to 2000 ft. October–December.

This has generally been treated as a variety of G. Keriense, from which it differs in the more rigid erect and bushy habit, much narrower stiff and coriaceous leaves with recurved margins, and almost capillary pedicels. It deviates quite as much from G. Keriense as Lyallii and trinerve do, and for the sake of consistency should be considered as distinct, unless the four species are merged into one.

G. Traversii, Hook. f. Handb. N.Z. Fl. 154.—A dwarf tufted perennial herb 1–4 in. high, simple or branched below, sometimes forming small patches. Leaves radical, petiolate, ⅓–2; in. long, linear-spathulate or linear-obovate, clothed on both surfaces with soft cottony wool, petiole long or short. Scapes erect, variable in length, ½–3; in., white with cottony wool; bracts 1–3, linear. Head solitary, terminal, ⅓ in. diam.; involucral bracts in about 3 series, erect, linear, obtuse, pale brownish-yellow, scarious and hyaline, shining; outer shorter and broader, cottony at the base. Female page 325florets very numerous, with a few hermaphrodite ones in the centre. Achene puberulous or glabrous. Pappus-hairs copious, very fine, connate at the base.— Benth. Fl. Austral. iii. 655; Kirk, Students' Fl. 299.

Var. Mackayi, T. Kirk, l.c.—Much branched, densely tufted, forming close matted patches. Leaves imbricated on the short branches, heads smaller, sessile or on short scapes. Involucral bracts not so numerous, acute.—Raoulia Mackayi, Buch, in Trans. N.Z. Inst. xiv. (1882) 354, t. 34, f. 2.

South Island: Not uncommon in mountain districts from Nelson to Foveaux Strait. 1500–5500 ft. December–February. Also in Australia.

A variable plant. The most developed form is almost simple, with long radical leaves and long and slender scapes; but it passes by almost imperceptible gradations into the extreme state of var. Mackayi, which forms broad much-branched patches, with short imbricated leaves and sessile heads.

North Island: Base of Tongariro, Hill! Rangipo Plains and Ruahine Mountains, Petrie! South Island: Not uncommon in mountain districts, usually in peaty swamps, from Nelson to Otago. 1000–4000 ft. December–January.

Closely allied to G. Traversii, but easily separated by the smaller size and more slender habit, thinner leaves glabrous on the upper surface, smaller heads, and fewer involucral bracts with dark tips. The type specimens of Mr. Golenso's G. minutulum are identical with Mr. Petrie's plant.

South Island: "Nelson Mountains, Sinclair; Clarence and Wairau Valleys, alt. 3500 ft., Travers."

This plant has apparently not been collected since its original discovery nearly fifty years ago. Not having seen specimens, I have reproduced Hooker's description.

Keramadec Islands, North and South Islands, Stewart Island, Chatham Islands, Auckland Islands: Abundant throughout from sea-level to fully 3000 ft. November–March.

A common plant in almost all warm and many temperate countries.

Kermadec Islands, North and South Islands, Stewart Island, Chatham Islands: Abundant throughout from sea-level to 2500 ft. November–January.

Found also in Norfolk Island, Lord Howe's Island, Australia and Tasmania) and northwards to the Malay Archipelago, China, and Japan.

Var. obscurum. Kirk, Students' Fl. 300.—Forming grey matted patches seldom more than 1 in. high. Leaves ½–¾ in., linear, glabrate above, grey with appressed tomentum beneath. Scape leafy or almost wanting. Heads in terminal fascicles of 2–4 or solitary. Involucral bracts 3–10, linear, obtuse.

Var. monocephalum, Kirk, l.c.—Very small. Leaves all radical, ⅓ in. long, linear, obtuse or acute. Head solitary, sessile or on a slender filiform scape ½–1 in. high.

Kermadec Islands, North and South Islands, Stewart Island, Chatham Islands: Plentiful from sea-level to 4500 ft. November–March. The two varieties not uncommon on the mountains of the South Island.

Luxuriant forms of this are best distinguished from G. japonicum by being perennial, by the creeping stolons, smaller glomerules with fewer floral leaves, and by the broader involucres. It is also a native of Australia and Tasmania.