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Ethnology of Tongareva

Contents

page [i]

Contents

Page
Introduction 3
 Acknowledgments 3
 Geography 4
 Contact with Western culture 6
 People 9
 Language 10
Social organization 15
 Traditional history 15
 Genealogical record 17
 Blood relationship terms 26
 The biological family 31
  Sex concepts 31
  Birth 32
  Puberty customs 33
  Marriage 35
  The household 39
 Rank and title 43
 Authority and law 51
 Warfare 54
 Property 57
 Land settlement 60
  Villages 60
  The spread of population 62
 Social observances 71
  Individual greetings 71
  Reception of visitors 72
  Dances 77
  Hospitality 79
Sickness and death 80
Myths and religion 85
 The gods 85
 Religious procedure 87
  Communication with the gods 87
  Ceremonial pattern 90
  The turtle ceremony 91
Houses 93
 Kinds andu ses 93
 Common dwelling house 93
 The pasaka 97
 The hare pou 99
 House furniture 99
Cooking 100
 Methods 100
 Utensils 101
Foods 106
 Variety 106
 Flesh foods 107
 Coconut 108
  Significance 108
  Botanical features 108page [ii]
  The uto 110
  Stages of growth 111
  The fluid 113
  Foods derived from the flesh 113
  The husk 115
  Husking implements 116
  Carrying pole and climbing bandage 117
 Hala 118
 General observances 119
  Meals 119
  Feast for visitors 119
  Angling for visitors 122
  Sex differentiation 123
Plaiting 123
 The process 124
 Coconut sheets, screens, and mats 128
 Lauhala mats 130
 Baskets 130
  Midrib basket 130
  Twilled baskets 131
  Cordage 136
  Comparisons 137
Clothing and adornment 138
Stonework 145
 Materials 145
 Paths, wharves, and fish ponds 145
 House foundations 147
 Maraes 148
  Distribution 148
  Ground plan 150
  Pillars 153
  Curb stones 156
  Platforms 157
  Pavements and marae houses 157
  Individual maraes 159
  Function of the marae 177
  Comparisons 178
 Stone circles 180
 Graves 182
 Adzes 186
Canoes 189
 Construction 189
 Parts of the canoe 191
Fishing 197
 Methods 197
  Groping 197
  Snaring 197
  Sweeping 198
  Driving 198
  Spearing 199
  Angling 200
 Nets 201
 Lines 202page [iii]
 Hooks 202
  Parts of the hook 202
  One-piece shell hooks 203
  Composite hooks 204
 Comparisons 211
Weapons 212
 Spears 212
 Clubs 213
 Stones 214
The stars and calendar 215
 Legend of Maahu and Maui 215
 The year 215
 Nights of the moon 216
Literature cited 221
Plate legends 223