The Stone Implements of the Maori
Index
page 440
page 441
Index
A
- Abnormal forms, 294.
- Adzes, stone (see also under Axes, and Stone and Toki)—
- Buller specimen, large, 237.
- Ceremonial forms, 16, 240, 282, 285, 293, &c. See also Toki pou tangata: also under C.
- Chatham Island forms, 298.
- Common form of, 220.
- Cook Islands forms, 293.
- Cross-sectional forms, 228, 234, 271.
- Detailed description of, 220.
- Diagram showing terms used, 221.
- Explanation of parts of, 222.
- Famed old specimens, 16, 101, 183, 216 &c. See also Awhio-rangi.
- Forms of, 12, 222.
- Forms of blade, 225.
- Grinding-charm, 105, 108.
- Grinding of, 99, 224, 227.
- Hafting of, 111.
- Handles, mythical origin of, 117.
- Handles, forms of, 115.
- Hawaiian forms, 20, 48, 174.
- How carried, 119, 120.
- How prepared for work, 116.
- Large Buller adze, 237.
- Largest New Zealand specimen known, 237.
- Large Whanga-nui specimen, 245.
- Long narrow form, 276.
- Manufacture of, 228.
- Melanesian forms, 20, 35.
- Nephrite types, 235, 251, 259, 279, 285. See also Toki pou tangata.
- Normal forms, 235.
- Rough unfinished specimens, 228.
- Serpentine forms, 232.
- Short blade-bevel, 265.
- Tahitian forms, 323.
- Tapu of, 240, 243, 244.
- Terms used in description of, 226.
- Thick form of, 266.
- Thin form of, 282.
- Tongan forms, 322.
- Triangular cross-section form, 271.
- Triple form of Mangaia, 293.
- Two-shouldered form, use of, 264.
- Types of, 133.
- Used as wedges, 13, 141, 142.
- Wedge or axe-shaped blade, 260. See also under Axes and Toki titaha.
- Wide-bladed, 138.
- With reduced or shouldered butt ends, 256.
- With transverse ridge, 275, 277, 278, 281.
- Adzing—
- Apparatus used in—
- Artistic sense of primitive folk, 52.
- Australian method of hafting, 113.
- Australian stone axes, 20, 323.
- Awa o Poutini, 63.
- Awhio-rangi adze, 117, 240.
- Awls, 83, 93.
- Axes, iron, 325.
- Axes, Peruvian copper, 126.
- Axes, stone—
B
- Barter, early in implements and material, 30, 54, 59, 179, 215, 216, 325.
- Bird-spear points, how secured, 130.
- Blackmore adze, 292.
- Bone implements, 32, 96, 130.
- Bow drill, 86, 94.
- Bowenite, 41, 177. See also Tangiwai. Where found, 177.
- Bruising or hammering process, 44.
- Buller adze large, 237.
- Buller collection, 9.
C
- Canoe-making, 264.
- Ceremonial forms, 22, 105, 112, 119, 136, 143, 150, 155, 240, 282, 285, 292. See also Toki pou tangata.
- Ceremonial in grinding, 105, 107.
- Charms used in adze-grinding, 105, 107.
- Chatham Islands item, 53, 298
- Chipping process, 43.
- Chisel-hafted toki. See Straight-hafted.
- Chisels and gouges—
- Colours, favourite, of Polynesians, 183.
- Common stone occasionally sawn, 57.
- Concluding remarks, 322.
- Conical-poll form, 292, 293.
- Cook, Captain, off Port Nicholson, 329.
- Cooking stones, 31.
- Cook Islands, stone adzes of, 293.
- Cord drill. See under Drills.
- Cult of double axe, 112.
- Cutter, hafted, 70. See also under Sawing.
D
- Detailed description of stone adzes, 220.
- Dexterous use of stone adzes, 173, 174.
- Double-axe cultus, 112.
- Double-bevelled forms. See Toki titaha.
- Drill—
- Drilling—
- D'Urville Island, origin of native name, 200.
E
- East Polynesian forms, 293, 323.
- Evolution of modern tools, 226.
- Expeditions to South Island for nephrite, 209, 210, 211, 212, 214.
F
- Firearms, acquisition of, 18.
- Fire-generation, 73.
- Fire-plough, 73.
- Flaking-stone, 43, 53.
- Foreword, 9.
G
- Gong, nephrite, 216.
- Graving-tools, 92, 131.
- Green a colour favoured by Maori, 183.
- Greenstone (see also Nephrite)—
- Grinding (of stone forms), 56, 71, 99, 156, 224, 225, 227.
- Grinding-charm, 105, 108.
- Grinding-stones, native names of, 100, 101, 108, 109.
H
- Hafted stone-cutter, 62.
- Hafting, 50, 111, 292. See also Handles.
- Hammers, stone, 47, 51, 56.
- Hand-axes, so-called, 113, 125, 140.
- Handles—
- Hape comes to New Zealand for nephrite, 198, 201, 205.
- Hawaiian dexterity with stone tools, 174.
- Hawaiian forms of stone adzes, 20, 48, 174.
- Heitiki, 41, 46, 70, 71, 73, 78, 84, 85, 91, 96, 106, 185, 187.
- Hervey Isles, stone adzes of, 293.
- Hewing extraordinary with stone adzes, 173, 174.
- Hewing. See Adzing.
- Hine-tu-a-hoanga, 105, 106, 156, 195, 197, 199, 203.
- Hiwa (implement), 149.
- Hoes, 26, 28, 140, 150.
- Hohou-pu, 116, 124, 164.
- Houhou pounamu, 71.
- Huka-a-tai (stone), 334.
I
J
- Jade—
K
- Kanioro, 199.
- Kapu, 25.
- Kauhika (implement), 63.
- Kimble Bent's stone tools, 144.
- Koma, 23, 36, 140, 156.
- Kupe discovers nephrite in New Zealand, 201.
- Kupe's anchor at Porirua, 202.
- Kurutai, 42.
L
M
- Malachite, 39.
- Mallets used with chisels, 129, 130.
- Mana—
- Mangaian stone adzes, 53.
- Manufactories or workshops, 54.
- Manufacture of stone tools, 43, 52, 68, 228.
- Tools used in the, 55.
- Maori patu found in America, 188.
- Mataa as a stone-name, 196, 197.
- Mataa waiapu. See Waiapu.
- Materials—
- Melanesian—
- Mere, how made, 65, 68, 75, 79.
- Miroi (implement), 140.
- Moa as a stone-name, 47, 78.
- Moni Turei's notes, 160.
- Moriori expelled from New Zealand, 210.
- Myth—
- Myths connected with nephrite, 175, &c., 195.
N
- Names of stone-adzes, 32, 36.
- Native aptitude in use of adze, 15, 173, 174. See also Adzing.
- Natives poor axemen, 15.
- Neolithic folk of 1910, 174.
- Nephrite, 175.
- Adzes, 235, 251, 259, 279, 285. See also Toki pou tangata.
- Analysis of, 188, 218.
- And Moh's scale, 177, 218.
- Arzruni's classification of, 219.
- As medium of exchange, 182, 185. See also Barter.
- At Lake Whakatipu, 179.
- At Tuhua Tsle, 203.
- Cut with iron wire, 64.
- Composition of, 188, 218. See also p. 219.
- Discoyered by Kupe, 201.
- Expedition to South Island for, 209, 210, 211, 212, 214.
- Formation or origin of, 219. Cf. p. 188.
- Found in soft state, 181, 202, 213.
- Gong, 216.
- Hape comes to New Zealand to seek, 198, 201, 205.
- Hardness of, 178, 218.
- Highly prized, 175, 176, 181, 183, 185, 217, &c.
- How obtained by Maori, 178, 179, 180, 183, 211, 217. See also Barter, &c.
- How worked, 55, 57, 108.
- Implements, 32, 181, 183, &c.
- In other lands, 186, 219.
- item almost deified, 184.
- items as heirlooms, 181, 183.
- Known to Moriori folk of Chathams, 204.
- Known to Polynesians, 189, 198.
- Lives purchased with, 179.
- Myths concerning, 175, 181, 195.
- Names of varieties, 38, 39, 218.
- Of Liguria, 219.
- Origin of names for, 207, 211.
- Ornaments, 182, 183 to 185. See also Heitiki.page 444
- Personified, 207.
- Resonant, 216.
- Slabs named, 184, 216.
- Specific gravity of, 218.
- Spoken of as a fish, 201, 202, 213, 215.
- Texture of, and cause thereof, 219.
- Three-ton block of, 175.
- Tools as pendants, 131.
- Value of decreases, 218.
- Varieties of, 38, 183, 218.
- Weapons, famed, 101, 183, 216, &c.
- When discovered by Maori, 190.
- Where found, 175, 218.
- Worked by original inhabitants of New Zealand, 192, 211.
- Working tapu, 64.
- Ngahue legend, 195, 197, 203.
- Ngake same as Ngahue, 201, 204. Niho kakere, 33.
O
- Oblique tang form, 303.
- Obsidian, 53.
- Oil polishing, 46.
- Onewa, 23, 33, 156, 157.
- Origin of Arts, 156, 157, 158.
- Ornamental polis, 305.
P
- Pahika-uri, where made, 101.
- Palaeolithic age: none in New Zealand, 19.
- Panehe, 23, 24, 25, 161, 333.
- Panekeneke, 24, 334.
- Pare arai maramara, 116.
- Paretao (stone), 38, 197.
- Patterns, adzing. See under Adzing.
- Patiti, 25.
- Patu found in North America, 188.
- Patu onewa, 157. See also Onewa.
- Pecking groove in stone, 70.
- Pere or scuffle-hoe, 140.
- Perforated adzes and chisels, 131, 152, 287.
- Peruvian copper axes, 126.
- Petaloid forms, 296.
- Plane irons used as adzes, 17, &c. See also Iron tools.
- Poke (axe), 22, 127, 161.
- Poki23, 127, 143, 161.
- Polishing stone implements, 46, 197.
- Polishing unnecessary, 53.
- Polynesian knowledge of nephrite, 189, 198, 209, 243.
- Polynesians obtained nephrite in New Zealand, 189, 192.
- Popoia or drill-weights, 83.
- Pora (stone), 334.
- Potuki (pounders or pestles), 140, 272, 307.
- Pounders. See Potuki.
- Pou tangata adzes. See Toki pou tangata.
- Poutini, 195, 199, 200, 201, 205, 214.
- Primitive mechanics, 146.
- Processes of manufacture, 43, 57.
- Prophecy concerning axes, 164.
- Prophecy concerning coming of Europeans, 127, 164.
- Punching-toki worked on rail, 145, 149.
R
- Rakai-hikuroa's expedition for nephrite, 211.
- Rakau pounamu, 183.
- Rangi-nui's feat with stone adze, 15.
- Rangi-tama's expedition for nephrite, 212.
- Rarotongan knowledge of nephrite, 198.
- Raupo meal, how prepared, 307.
- Reversible stone adzes, 127.
- Ripi or scribers, 130.
- Rua-i-te-hihiri, 157, 158.
- Rubbers or rasps, 71, 100, 110.
S
- Sand-worn stones, 45.
- Sawing stones, 43, 58, 288.
- Scribers, how used, 131.
- Seaweed vessel, 307.
- Serrations as ornaments, 116.
- Shell adzes, 31, 33, 36.
- Shell gravers, 70.
- South Island tribes, 190, 191.
- Specialization in primitive communities, 54, 97, 148.
- Splitting logs, 137, 161, 168, 170.
- Stack's South Island Maori Chronology, 190, 191.
- Stone—
- Stones—
- Stowell, H. M., notes by, 264, &c.
- Straight-hafted toki, 51, 127, 136, 143, 144, 145, 158, 168, 171. See also Poki.
- Submerged logs utilised, 149, 150.
T
- Tahitian adzes, 323.
- Tahitian dexterity with stone adze, 173.
- Takitumu, coming of, 241, 244, 245.
- Tama-ahua's expedition to South Island for nephrite, 210.
- Tama-ahua, legend of, 205.
- Tangiwai, origin of marks in, 210. See also Bowenite.
- Tapu—
- Tata, meaning of word, 138.
- Terms applied to stone adzes, &c., 12.
- Tewhatewha (weapon), 167.
- Three-bladed adze of Mangaia. 293.
- Thumb-cord of short weapons, 119.
- Tiki popohe, 185.
- Timber-dressing. See adzing patterns.
- Toki matie (nephrite), 189, 198.
- Toki ao mar amar a, 151.
- Toki aronui, or hangai, 23, 24, 25, 156, 160.
- Toki hangai. See Toki aronui.
- Toki hengahenga, 26.
- Toki kaheru, 140, 172.
- Toki pou tangata, 22, 116, 119, 120, 126, 134, 285.
- Toki titaha, 24, 127, 152. Cf. p. 260, &c.
- Toki urna rua, use of, 264.
- Toki whakangao, 157.
- Tonga-a whikau, 153.
- Tongan adzes, 322.
- Tools, classification of stone, 12.
- Tradition of perforated axes, 152.
- Transverse shoulder ridge, 301.
- Tree-felling, 5, 8, 27, 35, 36, 37, 43, 44, 45, 50, 51, 53, 62, 67, 105, 106.
- Apparatus of Tuhoe natives, 145.
- Tree marked for canoe, 139.
- Triple adze of Cook Isles, 293.
- Tuhoe tree-felling apparatus, 145.
- Tuhua Isle, origin of name, 195, 200.
- Tuki. See Potuki.
- Tumuaki expedition for nephrite, 209.
- Tunaeke stone, 100.
- Tu-te-kawa expedition for nephrite, 212.
U
W
- Wahaika (weapon), 167.
- Waiapu (stone), 46, 56, 196.
- Wai pounamu, 179, 181, 182, 185, 215.
- Water heated in seaweed vessel, 307.
- Wero mata (implement), 128.
- Whatu kaiponu (nephrite), 204.
- Whatu o Poutini, 200.
- White Mss, 10.
- Wide cutting-edge, 299.
- Withy handles, 161.
- Women as polluting agents, 64.
- Wrist-cords of weapons, 119.