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Ngā Tohuwhenua Mai Te Rangi: A New Zealand Archeology in Aerial Photographs

Pukerangiora, on the Waitara River about 6 km inland from Waitara township

Pukerangiora, on the Waitara River about 6 km inland from Waitara township

Pukerangiora, on the Waitara River about 6 km inland from Waitara township

The site complex consists of a pre-European section on the crown of the hill, Te Arei (in the form of the British redoubt of 1864) right of centre, and the final section of a sap created by the British forces in 1860-61 (obscured by the line of low native shrubs at bottom left by the road). The view is to the south-east and the whole complex is some 350 m long.

The pre-European pa was occupied in the 1820s and 1830s in the course of the musket wars. The redoubt, Te Arei, was first built by Maori in defence against the British attack of 1860-61. The Maori forces also occupied the cliff edge above the Waitara River, forward of the Te Arei position itself, hence the location of the sap some distance off the cliff edge. Maori gun pits can be seen at the cliff edge, one only a few metres from the end of the demi-parallel.