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Ngā Tohuwhenua Mai Te Rangi: A New Zealand Archeology in Aerial Photographs

Pa at Ocean Beach, just to the south of Cape Kidnappers

Pa at Ocean Beach, just to the south of Cape Kidnappers

Pa at Ocean Beach, just to the south of Cape Kidnappers

The site consists of a small promontory about 40 m long by 15 m wide, possibly an older dune remnant. The site is defended by a transverse ditch and bank set at the foot of the main hillslope. The pits inside the pā suggest a large area of gardening on dune soils that were stable and fertile at the time of occupation. The pits are up to 5 m long. At the time of occupation, the site would have lain amongst coastal forest both on the dunes and the hill slopes. The dune vegetation, however, would have been easily destroyed by fire. Beach-front erosion has been marked and dunes were blown inland in recent times.