Figure 284.—Bonito hook, lashing formula and technique of lashing point to shank. Lashing formula:

2 fausanga loto, 2 langolango i tutui i lunga, 2 fausanga i'u, 2 lango-lango i tutui i lunga, 2 noatanga o le fausanga i'u, 1 lona fa'apona, 4 o le senga, 2 alaala loloa i lalo o le ta'a, 6 le alaalaloloa, 2 lave noa, 4 fausanga o le isu, 5 fausanga i lunga o le ta'a, 4 fa'amaunga, 4 senga sele manu pito alaala lua, 2 noatanga o le senga, 2 ona fa'apona. The numbers refer to the number of turns taken with each step mentioned. Lashing of inner hole (fausanga loto): a, The point (1) is placed in position on the front of the lower end of the shank (2) and lashing commences with the inner hole (3). A length of thread is passed through the hole to its middle. Each half of the thread is dealt with separately so the near half (5) is wound spirally around the shank to keep it out of the way. The formula says "2 fausanga loto" which means 2 complete turns through the inner hole with each half thread. The far thread (6) is brought around under the shank, through the hole from the near side and through the first turn under the shank. The thread is drawn taut with the crossing (7) kept in the middle line under the shank. b, A second similar turn is made and the thread (6) wound around the shank out of the way after the thread (5) has been loosed. The thread (5) makes two similar turns which really amount to 4 half hitches. c, The formula demands two langolango turns, which consist of half hitches made round the previous turns of the lashing and corresponds in principle to the circumferential turns (langolango) used in house and other lashings. The thread (5) which ended at the half hitch below (b), continues its course upwards and passes through the hole from the far side to make the two langolango half hitches round the near lashing (8). The question of which side to enter under is decided in the formula by the words tutui i lunga (thread towards the upper end). The thread (5) therefore passes under the lashing (8) from the lower end. d, The thread (5) completes the half hitch (9) by passing back over the lashing and through its own loop on the lower side of the lashing. The hitch is drawn taut. e, The thread (5) completes the second half hitch and the other thread (6) after passing through the hole from the near side, makes two half hitches around the lashing on the far side of the hole. The ends of the two threads are disposed of by making single overhand knots as close to the lashing as possible and then cutting them off. The knots act as stopper knots to prevent the ends slipping through the half hitches. The langolango hitches (10) complete the full technique of the fausanga loto. The tail lashing (fausanga i'u) is made through the outer or tail hole (4) but differs from the previous lashing in having to provide for the senga hackle. The hackle is provided for in the formula "4 senga sele manu pito alaala lua" (4 slip loop [sele manu] with page 501a long thread [alaala] with 2 ends [pito lua]). A long length of thread (11) is therefore formed into 4 ordinary loops in the middle part to allow of the two ends being free. The loops (11) are placed longitudinally against the under surface of the shank (2) below the hole (4), and held while another thread is passed through the hole to its middle. The formula says "2 fausanga i'u" so two half hitch turns are made with each half of the thread in exactly the same way as in the preceding lashing, but in passing around the shank, the turns pass through the open loop of the senga tail (11) and lash them securely to the shank. The longoclango half hitches (12) are made around the lashing (13) from below upwards as in (c) and the ends of the threads (5, 6) left long. f, Instead of finishing the threads with overhand knots (pona), the formula says "2 noatanga o le fausanga i'u" (2 knots of the tail lashing). The term noatanga means the single turn of a reef knot and 2 no tanga thus means a complete reef knot. The 2 threads (5, 6) are therefore brought down and tied in a reef knot under the shank. The reef knot (14) is shown loose in the figure to illustrate the technique but when drawn taut against the shank, the tie further assists in fixing the senga loop to the shank. The formula states "1 lona fa'apona" (their single overhand knot). The threads are therefore finished off with single overhand knots to prevent the ends slipping through the reef knot made. The formula merely states "4 o le senga" (4 of the senga tail) so the 4 loops of the senga already in position (11) are left for subsequent treatment.