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Ethnology of Manihiki and Rakahanga

Figure 5. House framework, lashing of crossbeams (vae) to longitudinal beams (hapai) with curved pattern (ua). a, view from above: sennit braid (3) tied around vae (1) with running noose (4) and makes curved turn on under side of hapai, middle of curve crossing middle transverse line of hapai which corresponds to middle longitudinal line of vae; curved turn held in position by left hand. b, view from below, curved first turn (5) shown in position on under surface of hapai (2): braid (3) brought…

Figure 5. House framework, lashing of crossbeams (vae) to longitudinal beams (hapai) with curved pattern (ua). a, view from above: sennit braid (3) tied around vae (1) with running noose (4) and makes curved turn on under side of hapai, middle of curve crossing middle transverse line of hapai which corresponds to middle longitudinal line of vae; curved turn held in position by left hand. b, view from below, curved first turn (5) shown in position on under surface of hapai (2): braid (3) brought up on near side of hapai and on same side of vae (1) on which it commenced turn. c, view from above: braid (3) brought up over vae and makes diagonal turn (6) over vae to far right corner. d, view from below: braid (3) descends in far right corner and makes second curved turn (7) on under surface of hapai, crossing middle part of curve of first turn (5) and so fixing it in position; braid completes its turn by passing upward at near right corner. e, view from above: braid passes from near right corner diagonally over vae to far left corner making diagonal turn (8) which crosses over previous diagonal turn (6). f, view from below: diagonal turn over vae has brought braid back into far left corner from which it made first curved turn (5) in b; braid makes similar curved turn (9) but keeps closely to outer side of first turn (5) and in so doing crosses and fixes previous turn (7); from this position braid will cross back of vae and, appearing on under surface at far right corner, will make crossing curved turn to outer side of previous turn (7) from same side. g, view from below: repetition of first two curved turns successively applied on outer side of previous turns from same side results in pattern (10), which is continued until lashing sufficiently firm and pattern developed to taste of craftsman; lashings averaged 8 from one side and 7 from other, making 15 in all. h, side view showing crossings of turns on one side and half of main design (10), braid (3) in position to make horizontal fixation turns to fix lashing. i, side view: braid makes horizontal circumferential turn (11) around lashing turns where they pass between two wooden elements of frame and so tightens lashing; few turns made; braid passed through one or two loops to form half-hitches which fix end of braid. j, side view: alternate lashing formed by running turns from either side straight around hapai instead of using curved turns, crossing above vae being exactly similar to those in previous lashing; two parallel bands (3, 4) on under surface of hapai thus formed; circumferential horizontal turns (5) made as in i; diagonal crossing turns above vae not arranged in any definite lozenge pattern in either lashing, as they cannot be seen from below.

Figure 5. House framework, lashing of crossbeams (vae) to longitudinal beams (hapai) with curved pattern (ua). a, view from above: sennit braid (3) tied around vae (1) with running noose (4) and makes curved turn on under side of hapai, middle of curve crossing middle transverse line of hapai which corresponds to middle longitudinal line of vae; curved turn held in position by left hand. b, view from below, curved first turn (5) shown in position on under surface of hapai (2): braid (3) brought up on near side of hapai and on same side of vae (1) on which it commenced turn. c, view from above: braid (3) brought up over vae and makes diagonal turn (6) over vae to far right corner. d, view from below: braid (3) descends in far right corner and makes second curved turn (7) on under surface of hapai, crossing middle part of curve of first turn (5) and so fixing it in position; braid completes its turn by passing upward at near right corner. e, view from above: braid passes from near right corner diagonally over vae to far left corner making diagonal turn (8) which crosses over previous diagonal turn (6). f, view from below: diagonal turn over vae has brought braid back into far left corner from which it made first curved turn (5) in b; braid makes similar curved turn (9) but keeps closely to outer side of first turn (5) and in so doing crosses and fixes previous turn (7); from this position braid will cross back of vae and, appearing on under surface at far right corner, will make crossing curved turn to outer side of previous turn (7) from same side. g, view from below: repetition of first two curved turns successively applied on outer side of previous turns from same side results in pattern (10), which is continued until lashing sufficiently firm and pattern developed to taste of craftsman; lashings averaged 8 from one side and 7 from other, making 15 in all. h, side view showing crossings of turns on one side and half of main design (10), braid (3) in position to make horizontal fixation turns to fix lashing. i, side view: braid makes horizontal circumferential turn (11) around lashing turns where they pass between two wooden elements of frame and so tightens lashing; few turns made; braid passed through one or two loops to form half-hitches which fix end of braid. j, side view: alternate lashing formed by running turns from either side straight around hapai instead of using curved turns, crossing above vae being exactly similar to those in previous lashing; two parallel bands (3, 4) on under surface of hapai thus formed; circumferential horizontal turns (5) made as in i; diagonal crossing turns above vae not arranged in any definite lozenge pattern in either lashing, as they cannot be seen from below.