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Victoria University is currently facing a severe staff shortage. The deputy vice-chancellor, Professor
Vacancies at that time included eight chairs, two in psychology, two in law, and one each in physical chemistry, geophysics, education and sociology.
In addition there were about 16 senior lectureships, 19 lectureships, about 20 junior lectureships and a librarian's position vacant.
Inquiries made by Salient to the administration failed to justify any reduction in these figures.
Professor Campbell says that few applications have been received and that part-time staff will have to be used.
This will mean that classes will be larger and present staff will have to bear a heavier burden.
In some cases, particularly where faculties lack professors, administration problems wili spiral.
Professor Campbell believes that the staff position has worsened since last year.
This has arisen despite better study facilities for staff in
Victoria has no monopoly on the staff problem.
Prominent university men Dr. Beachem, of Otago University, Dr. Pownall of Canterbury University, and Dr. Llewellyn, of the University Grants Committee, leave for overseas posts this year.
The chairman of the Auckland branch of the New Zealand Association of University Teachers. Professor
He says that the number of applicants for teaching positions in New Zealand universities is far too small to meet the current expansion programme.
Between August, 1964, and mid-July, 1965, out of 184 positions advertised 76 were not filled, he says.
Professor Sinclair also says that the Association of University Teachers made submissions to the Government in July, 1965, but nothing has been done.
The University Grants Committee has set up a committee to review university staff salaries and related matters and to report direct to the Government giving recommendations where necessary.
A spokesman for the University Grants Committee told Salient that the new committee will be an independent body accepted by the Government as the sole investigating authority within its terms of reference.
The committee will:
The committee met for the first time on February 25. Salient was told that this meeting was of a procedural nature and that the universities are now being asked for submissions for the first general review.
The chairman of the University Grants Committee will chair the committee, which will be composed of the following:
Four lay members of the University Grants Committee; Mr.
A lay member of a council of a university institution appointed by all councils: Mr. C.
A non-voting member appointed by the Government.
And Mr.
The non-voting members will be able to attend all meetings, participate in all discussions, but are not responsible for reports and may publicly disagree.
Victoria University is ready to submit details of staff shortages as soon as the committee wants them. Salient was told by an Administration official.
However, even with prompt action by all universities, a report is a long way off. Even the second meeting of the salaries committee is two or three months away.
Meantime, Victoria begins its shortest-staffed year in its history.
Salient Reporter
Roger Lawrence, association secretary, and
Considerable speculation, rumour, and innuendo followed, largely as the result of a press release to the NZBC which contained allegations of financial irresponsibility by VUWSA executive.
They also claimed that the executive had failed to consider the implications of its actions.
Their action followed executive approval for the payment of Victoria's share of office expenses for the New Zealand University Sports Union, despite their firm opposition.
Executive had also rejected a move sponsored by Tate and Lawrence to force the resignation of Tournament treasurer
Allegations made by Lawrence and Tate have not been substantiated The association's financial adviser, Mr.
A full discussion of the whole issue will be found on page 4 of this issue.
New treasurer is
New secretary is
Vietnam ... 8-9
Rhodesia ... 16
Atheist Query ... 2
Thurbage ... 5
Reviews ... 10-11
Sport ... 12
Crossword ... 15
How much did the 1965 Winter Tournament lose?
Murray Boldt, acting president, refused to comment when I asked him for the figure, following an attempt by former executive members
They moved that Tournament treasurer
I Believe Tournament Lost Well Over £2000.
This estimate comes from a summing of the following figures:
£1500 transfer from the association's general account requested by Reynolds;
£400 already transferred from the general account to tournament.
£142—this is the overdraft in the Tournament account at the end of January, 1966;
£300—paid direct from the association's general account to Levenbach Catering Ltd.
This makes a total of £2342.
From " Lots Wife"
Consider the case of American atheist Madalyn Murry, who has suffered terrible retribution at the hands of Christians for demanding her rights, as laid down in the American Constitution.
The trouble started when her eldest son Bill (then 14) complained of the daily prayers he was forced to recite each morning at school.
For the next three years she fought a losing battle to stop prayers being read in public schools.
She received hundreds of letters weekly containing the most unbelievable obscenities, and threatening her life.
Her son Bill was beaten up, by gangs of Catholic adolescents, well over 100 times in three years. Her younger son, aged 9, is having nightmares because of frequent assaults. While he was being interviewed by a reporter, a school bus went by, and every child stuck his head out of the window and shouted "Commie! Commie! Commie!"
Madalyn was also unfortunate enough to live in Baltimore.
As one reporter stated, "Imagine Spain, in the days of the Inquisition, transferred within our borders. Maryland is named for the Virgin Mary; it was founded by Catholics; it is predominantly Catholic: 17 per cent of all property in the State belongs to the Catholic Church, which pays no taxes on it. Maryland is the only State in the Union that demands a religious qualification for judges, a religious qualification for jurors and a religious qualification for witnesses.
In Our Form of western democracy, the constitutions or bills of rights, usually guarantee an individual freedom of religion.
But what of the other side? Should not an individual also be guaranteed freedom from religion?
Is one allowed to be as rabidly anti-Christian, as many Christians are fanatically anti-atheist?
Can an atheist or even agnostic protect himself from the self-righteous Christian, who associates atheism with Communism, sexual perversion and complete lack of morals?
Madalyn finally won her case in the Supreme Court, and prayers were abandoned in all public schools.
After winning her case. Madalyn then filed suit to tax the churches. In Baltimore alone, the Catholic Church stands to lose millions of dollars if she wins, and the nation-wide tally would be astronomical.
Most lawyers expect her to win finally, though it will take years and it will be the greatest blow to organised religion ever suffered in America.
Maryland and especially Baltimore are a part of the South. It has been said a man could be lynched in two minutes if the right demagogues aroused a crowd. A celebrated lynching in Baltimore not long ago ended with the man's ears and toes being hacked off.
After winning her court case the letters postmarked Baltimore became progressively uglier: "You had better read this carefully! It may be the last one you read. Somebody is going to put a bullet through your fat ass, you scum, you masculine lesbian bitch."
"You will be killed before too long. Or maybe your pretty little baby boy. The queer looking bastard. You are a bitch and your son is a bastard."
"Slut! Slut! Slut! Bitch slut from the devil."
There are thousands much worse than these, and most have sexual overtones.
Her mail was tampered with at the Baltimore post office, and at one stage they sent it to Communist Party Headquarters. Her garbage cans were overturned before they were collected, her son received parking tickets every time he went out driving, and a piece of wood was rammed down her dog's throat. She found city officials going through her correspondence but no judge would issue a warrant for trespassing.
Her lawyer went to see the grand jury, and had no sooner knocked on the door than he was arrested for contempt of court. The lawyer finally broke, and is now working against her.
The next act in the drama was when her son fell in love with a girl who came to live with them after continual beatings from her father.
Her parents charged the Murrys with "inducing her to abandon her faith." The girl was placed in the custody of her aunt but fled and secretly married Madalyn's son Bill. They returned to the Murry household several weeks later, and were recognised by a neighbour.
Within minutes a fleet of squad cars was at the house. The police had no warrant so they broke the door down The Murrys then claim they were brutally beaten by the police.
The police say
Mrs. Mays (her mother) admits touching a policeman because he was sitting on her grandson clubbing him with a baton. She was promptly knocked unconscious by another guardian of the law with a club.
Madalyn was taken to University Hospital for injuries, her mother was taken to Union Memorial Hospital, and Bill was taken to jail, where he claims police beat him all night long, while reading the Bible to him.
When presented with a tape-recording of the scuffle, the State Attorney claimed that police did not need to have a warrant in their possession if they believed one had been issued.
Realising she would be convicted of assault charges in Baltimore, the Murrys took a plane to Hawaii. Her associates left behind were threatened, the insurance on her house was cancelled, and the bank began to foreclose on it, even though payments were up to date.
Her son is nearly a mental case, after years of beatings, and now hates his mother whom he blames for everything. He is under the care of a psychiatrist.
Back in Baltimore the authorities created a new law with a minimum of 20 years for each count of assault against a policeman, so she faces 160 years' imprisonment if she returns.
The sale of some of her property in Baltimore has been declared illegal. In this matter the person she sold the property to claimed the judge had said of Madalyn. "The atheist doesn't have any rights in this State."
Council Reporter
Sir Walter Nash has given £500 to the university to institute an essay prize.
The income from the money will provide a prize for the Victoria University student who submits "the best essay on a topical subject in the improving of relations between the races of the world."
The subject is to be determined by the Vice-Chancellor, or another appropriate person nominated by the University Council from among the university officers.
The donation represents donations to a fund established to recognise Sir Walter's long and devoted service to the Labour movement on the occasion of his retirement as leader of the Parliamentary Labour party. Subscriptions came from friends and supporters.
Sir Walter is the first honorary graduate of Victoria University of Wellington. An honorary doctorate of laws was conferred upon him in 1963.
Australian students will hold a "work-out," probably on April 20 next. They aim to arouse public awareness of the inadequacies of the Australian education system.
Students will stay away from lectures so that they can work on some educational project.
The individual student bodies have yet to confirm the decision of the National Union of Australian University Students.
However at recent meetings which discussed the proposals only Sydney University opposed the scheme. At NUAUS's meeting four universities voted against the scheme, which was carried by 30 votes to 16.
Union officials intend to overcome the problem of lecturers who say they will lecture on examination topics on the day.
Two or three students would attend the lectures and prepare notes for later distribution.
Officials say such lecturers would be in the minority, anyway.
Bank of New Zealand's Victoria University office will move into new quarters on March 14.
The office will be housed on the ground floor of Hunter Building, near the post office, and longer hours will be observed.
Bank officials have carried out promotional activities for their branch during enrolment.
Only one application has been received for the post of full-time NZUSA president.
Applications closed last Tuesday, and the only application received was from the present president,
Widespread publicity was given the calling of nominations, and NZUSA alone issued five separate mailings of information.
The post does not appear to have been attractive to student politicians. A salary of just under £1000 for a one-year tenure was offered.
Some students are reported to be making moves to have the nominations reopened before the matter is discussed by Easter Council of NZUSA.
The institution of a full-time president only came about after considerable opposition, particularly from Victoria's executive.
It was stated at this time that the scheme was expected to increase the range of candidates, particularly as it would overcome the objections of the other student associations to the present NZUSA structure.
NZUSA has at times been called a "Vic-run jack-up" by critics from other universities.
The final appointment of the new president cannot be made until the Easter Council of NZUSA. It was originally intended that an "election" be held, with the various applicants for the post as "candidates."
With only one application, the position remains indeterminate. Some persons associated with NZUSA believe that the election is either avoided or already carried out.
There is a serious shortage of qualified economists and statisticians in New Zealand today.
Macarthy Professor of Economics at this university, Professor
"The universities' output of good graduates is well below the nation's requirements at present." Professor Holmes says.
"The situation is a happy one for those who do graduate, for most of them are getting very good jobs and rapid promotion."
Professor Holmes said that the shortage was hampering the work of many Government departments and private firms.
While there were about 850 economics students at Victoria last year, only about 70 were at Stage III or a higher level: and too few of these were the brightest students in the university.
He thought that one difficulty was that few students learned much about economics at school, and often became interested in economics only late in their university courses.
In a three-fold attack on the problem, the VUW economics department is sending speakers to local schools, reviewing course structures to make them clearly relevant to contemporary problems, and attempting to encourage students majoring in another subject to major in economies as well.
Students may yet be saved from the dangers of the Kelburn Parade-Salamanca Road intersection.
At a recent meeting the University Council discussed the possibility of building an overbridge. The difficulty was, however, to select a place which students would be likely to use.
The dangers of this intersection have been long apparent. There has been much talk among students.
The University Council has written to the City Council requesting them to provide some sort of crossing—but all to no avail.
Now that the University Council is discussing the matter with the City Council and the Traffic Department something may accrue. Whether it be an overbridge or a crossing, something must be done to remove the dangers for the pedestrian on this intersection.
Victoria Students will this year pay another 10/- in Students' Association fees.
The extra money is required for increased Student Union maintenance and cleaning costs.
It has been collected by asking the university to collect an additional proportion of the £8/10/- fee authorised by a 1964 SGM.
Increased costs have come about mainly through the steady extension of union activities. This year for the first time it will be open seven days a week during university terms.
Salient Reporter
The New Zealand Student Press Association actively opposed the passage of the News Media Ownership Act.
In a hasty telegraphic vote, the nine student newspapers joined in endorsing Salient's move to state NZSPA's opposition to the act.
But attempts to present submissions to the Statutes Revision Committee were blocked by the National Government's haste to get the measure back on the floor of the House for debate and passage.
The Student Press Association briefed counsel to appear on its behalf, but it proved impossible to prepare a case within the deadlines of the committee.
Student journalist
Dr.
Other student groups joined in opposing the measure, including the Victoria University branch of the National Party. VUWSA executive called on the Government to delay passage of the measure.
Written submissions were also made by Salient editor
Cultural Affairs officer
This with the treasurer and secretary's resignations makes the third retirement from the current executive.
Only one further resignation is needed for a general election to be held for all executive positions.
This constitutional regulation has apparently prevented some executive members from applying for the position of secretary of the association.
Association president Chris Robertson is currently in England.
He is a guest of the Commonwealth Relations Office and is being shown various aspects of life in England.
A number of other student leaders from other New Zealand universities are also in England on similar grants.
The Post Office has established a branch on the university campus.
Situated under the stairway in the Hunter building the branch will be open from 9am to 12.30 pm and 1.30pm to 5pm.
All normal facilities except private boxes and motor registrations are available.
Students who wish to operate their savings accounts are advised to obtain a specimen signature card so as to avoid identifying themselves when withdrawing large sums.
Last Year's flashy identify cards are already out of date.
This year the library is issuing an identification card to all students, embossed on a plastic base.
This card will serve as a library card and as an ID card for obtaining student concessions.
The new cards will not have a photograph as did last year's, but will carry students signatures.
Much less work is involved in issuing the cards, and they will be simpler to replace.
In anticipation of decimal currency, the charge for replacing them is listed as 25 cents.
Salient Reporter
Dr. T. H. Beaglehole
The Harkness fellowships, which are tenable for up to 21 months, are among the most highly-regarded United States awards.
Recipients are given opportunities to travel widely in the United States in order to study the American way of life.
They can also obtain a background of thought and practice in their own special interests by meeting others with similar interests.
Dr. Beaglehole intends to extend his studies on Far Eastern history at United States universities.
He will also be interested in the possibilities and implications of student residential halls.
The other recipient is Mr.
I Wish to tender my resignation from the position of honorary secretary to the Victoria University of Wellington Students' Association, effective as from 7pm Monday, December 20, 1965. While I deeply regret having to take such a step. I feel that the continued financial irresponsibility of the association executive and its associated committees leaves me little choice.
In order to maintain any degree of self-respect I can no longer sit on a body which by its failure to fully consider the implications of the decisions it passes has lost the confidence of the organisations with which it deals.
Any business organisation must maintain a 'no nonsense' attitude, but unfortunately the present executive has chosen to adopt a policy of appeasement and placation at any price.
I also view with deep concern the fact that the executive has seen fit to pass far-reaching financial decisions over the objections of the association treasurer. In order to achieve the financial responsibility which previous executives have not attained, the executive must have full confidence in the treasurer where questions of finance are concerned.
Although my resignation might be regarded as desertion of the association in what I feel to be its time of need, I have not taken this decision without careful deliberation.
I Hereby tender my resignation effective from today, from the position of treasurer of the Victoria University of Wellington Students' Association, as I cannot have my name associated with the irresponsible and gutless manner in which the present executive of the association appears to enjoy conducting its business.
Mr. Boldt's attempt to push into insignificance the reasons for my resignation is most unconvincing.
As stated in my letter of resignation the whole manner in which the executive operates is enough to make anyone ashamed to have his name appear in the minutes.
My charge of irresponsibility did not mention the word "financial," and as Mr. Boldt very well knows, I had at a number of meetings expressed my disgust at, among other things, the not uncommon procedure of unanimously rescinding motions passed at previous meetings.
The present executive have often implied that the association treasurer should look after the books and shut up—to quote Mr. Robertson (who, when in Wellington is association president): "What do you (the treasurer) think you are doing writing a letter (to a creditor). Let me write and sign a letter and at least make it official."
(My offer to Mr. Robertson at this time that he assume the role of treasurer was rapidly declined.)
Although a treasurer cannot, of course, be a dictator, he should at least expect to have his opinions heard and respected. The present executive do not accept this.
Mr. Boldt's accusation of "financial obstructionism when smooth and efficient financial processing was imperative" apparently means "disagreeing with Mr. Boldt and his colleagues."
I am guilty of this, although I could add that although efficient financial processing was imperative, it also appears impossible under the executive reigning at present.
Although Mr. Boldt may feel the need of a bookkeeper when there is much to be done, perhaps the executive could have thought of this before ignoring the fact that there was a treasurer, charged, via the constitution with giving financial advice.
And if it is felt that the resignation of Mr. Lawrence and myself was not a fit matter for broadcasting, perhaps Mr. Boldt could explain why the NZBC saw reason to place it first on the local news bulletin.
The executive could try acting with some responsibility, then maybe there would be no such unkind remarks to make against them.
The following is the text of an item on NZBC local news on the 21st December, 1965:
The secretary and treasurer of the Victoria University Students' Association have resigned because of what they described as financial irresponsibility of the association executive.
The secretary. Mr. R. S. Lawrence, said that the association had lost the respect and confidence of the Wellington business community because of its haphazard attitude.
Mr. Lawrence said the executive had passed sweeping financial decisions over the objections of himself and the treasurer. He said it had not considered the full implications of these decisions.
He said it is a pity the executive had failed to correct a seemingly inherent financial irresponsibility of students.
The treasurer of the association, Mr. K. L. Tate, also says that the executive is irresponsible.
Keven Tate, executive treasurer, and
Their move followed some weeks of political dissension, centred on an account from the New Zealand Universities Sports Union for a grant of £45 for secretarial services.
This followed NZUSU's move to independence some months earlier.
However, the resignations represent a greater dissension on matters of general policy, at least as far as Messrs. Lawrence and Tate are concerned.
At the end of November, 1965, an officers' meeting of the executive considered the failure of an earlier meeting to pass the requested payment.
However, following back-stage lobbying by interested persons, a later meeting of treasurers, chaired by NZUSA treasurer
At this meeting Tate dissented strongly on the ground that it was not a properly constituted meeting, that no prior notice had been given, and no prior motion circulated.
In addition. Auckland delegates were not at the meeting.
Tate, at the executive meeting, called the Tournament meeting a "Boyd-Hewitt jack-up."
NZUSU vice-president
He argued that the meeting was properly constituted in that there was a chairman, a quorum, and minutes recorded. He said that if Tate considered the meeting was unconstitutional, he should have walked out, not stayed for the vote.
He pointed out that the other constituent universities had agreed to their quotas or were in the process of doing so.
Hewitt also said that if Victoria did not pay, it could not remain associated with NZUSU and would not be eligible to compete in Tournaments.
Tate said that this was an attempt to "hold a gun" at Victoria's head.
A voting deadlock resulted and two weeks later a meeting of executive again discussed the issue.
Executive took the view that the point in issue was whether NZUSU needed secretarial facilities, not whether the payment was constitutionally authorised by Winter Council.
The payment was then passed with Tate and Lawrence dissenting.
Lawrence then threatened not to sign the cheque, and an argument developed between him and
Tate then attempted to secure the resignation of
Tate again dissented. The regulations were, he said, embodied in the main financial regulations.
When executive voted in favour of adoption, Tate dissented.
On the 20th December the resignations printed on this page were handed to
On the 21st, a press statement was issued to the NZBC by Messrs, Tate and Lawrence. A reply was made by
The following day executive met informally to discuss the situation and decided to accept the resignations.
Executive then moved to fill the vacancies. After an initial uncertainty over qualifications, former executive member
The secretarial post proved more difficult to fill but is now held by
In a press statement made to Salient,
"The charge of 'financial irresponsibility' levelled at the executive lacks any factual justification. Mr.
"The feeble charge of 'gutlessness' does nothing to raise Mr. Tate's statement from the low depths of its origin to anywhere near an objective criticism.
"Mr. Lawrence's final suggestion that the treasurer must be given veto power in financial matters contradicts entirely the democratic basis on which many more committees than our executive operate.
"Mr. Lawrence's assertion in his press release that all students possess 'inherent financial irresponsibility' will surely be received by students with the derision it deserves.
"I believe that two points merit consideration when the timing and manner of these resignations are considered. While denying no one the right to so resign, I cannot believe that anyone with even the slightest interest in the welfare of the association should find it necessary to 'wash his dirty linen in public.'
"The public relations aspect of this action can hardly have been unintentionally overlooked.
"In my turn. I feel justified in accusing Messrs. Lawrence and Tate of financial obstruction when smooth and efficient financial processing was imperative.
"Both knew the state of certain association activities— namely Extrav and Winter Tournament—was such that any further delay in payment of many accounts would result in legal proceedings being taken against us.
"Furthermore, as a result of the executive meeting of Saturday, 18th December (both were present) every single account the association controls was in some way dependent on the signatures of Messrs. Tate and or Lawrence.
"They also knew that no executive meeting was being called before January 20th, and to gather the executive at such a time of the year is obviously impossible.
"Thus, by the VUWSA constitution, all pressing creditors had to be delayed at least one month. Had this not been done, the association would have no doubt been in a grave financial position.
"I can draw no conclusion other than that the timing and circumstances surrounding these two resignations were such as to cause maximum inconvenience and embarrassment to the executive personally and the association as a body."
When the secretary and treasurer of any organisation such as VUWSA resign it should be food for some serious thought by the parties concerned.
By virtue of their position, and not from any skill they may have, they are the only two people who know the day-to-day running of the association business, and as such, the rest of the executive, lacking this knowledge, must accept for the most part the word of the secretary and treasurer where the basic running of the association is concerned.
Unfortunately, the executive did not accept this viewpoint.
Mr. Boldt's comments on the resignation of Mr. Tate and myself are almost hysterically subjective, which in the light of Mr. Boldt's supposed maturity have surprised me very greatly.
I regard as irresponsible the dalliance over payment of the Extrav and Tournament accounts, a problem which could have been solved by removing the respective treasurers.
This is no reflection on them— they struggled manfully under difficult conditions—but the situation became such that a qualified accountant was necessary to sort out the mess.
I also regret the insistence of Mr. Boldt and Mr. Hassed, the Sports Officer, of placing sport above the general association welfare.
This is reflected both by the NZUSU affair, and by the passing of regulations giving Sports Committee the right to bypass the Finance Committee on sports club finance.
One of the basic aims of Mr. Tate and myself was to have a centralised finance system to avoid the fiascos such as Tournament.
To this end the association finance regulations were drafted and a new system for office staffing and finance of special activities was passed.
These have been either negatived or rescinded after our resignations.
I believe that as the treasurer is democratically elected for the purpose of governing association finance, he should have the final word on financial decisions.
He is usually the only person on the executive with the qualifications necessary to cope with the finance of such a large body.
If my press release is read it will be found that I do not say all students possess inherent financial irresponsibility.
I can only assume that Mr. Boldt is being humorous here.
Mr. Boldt criticises the timing of my resignation, yet he well knows (and it is recorded in executive minutes) that I offered to stay on as acting secretary after I resigned until a replacement was found.
This offer was rejected on the grounds that the executive would look foolish if they accepted.
Mr. Boldt can only blame himself if the running of the association was upset.
As long ago as September I warned the president that the association would have legal proceedings to face over Tournament but I understand his attitude was that the Tournament controller, Mr.
I believe that with proper leadership at that stage instead of a petty feud, the legal entanglement would never have ensued.
My resignation was not calculated to cause embarrassment. It was the only path left open to me without creating further unpleasantness. The executive (in which I include Mr. Tate and myself) failed to attain a spirit of co-operation which was vitally necessary, and this caused the resignations.
In Washington, D.C., Senator Fulbright is proving to be President Johnson's official nuisance.
As chairman of the Senate Foreign Relations Committee, Fulbright was incensed over the Bay of Pigs and Dominican Republic episodes. However, up to the middle of 1965 he acquiesced and substantially aided the United States Administration's policy in Vietnam.
The Senator chose the New Year to launch verbal missiles at the escalation of war in Vietnam, and at what he considers to be a basically misguided solution to the problem. Failure to receive an invitation to the President's cocktail party was the official retaliation toward this man, who so unsportingly failed to keep in line during the "peace offensive."
At the Commonwealth Parliamentary Conference in December, Fulbright came as an observer representing the State Department.
Arriving in New Zealand he assiduously avoided the press, proclaiming he was not the Messiah and therefore unable to point out the "way." One can only assume that the Senator was under instructions to say nothing of importance, and especially nothing deviating from State Department foreign policy.
by Pat Caughley
This he did until the foreign relations debate at the conference. His lengthy address on Vietnam turned out to be a very compassionate yet scholarly resume of affairs in South East Asia.
True, Fulbright did not in any way contradict his sponsors, he merely made the present military approach look irrelevant.
His speech was supported by historical, economic and cultural analyses which opened up vast areas normally out of the politician's realm.
Fulbright did not offer a cut and dried panacea, but his implied solution of minimal violence and maximum constructive influence was clearly at odds with what the troops are undertaking in Vietnam.
The Senator did not even resort to the State Department's cry of ruthless Chinese aggressiveness.
Following the debate, Fulbright held a press conference at which Salient was represented.
It was obvious there that his address to the conference was to the fore in most reporters' minds. Such an attitude, unfortunately, precluded our press from dredging up any new ideas.
One reporter had visualised a mighty headline: "New Zealand another Cuba in ten years." Fulbright refused to agree, and instead emphasised that "we have to accept the prospect of the growth of China."
"They are a great people, now reviving, and we must do everything we can to influence change in a reasonable way," he said.
The Senator was emphatically opposed to a bare military solution in Vietnam. "This would only be a Pyrrhic victory," he said.
Nevertheless, as infiltration continues, strength is given to the many radical Americans who want to enlarge the war. In contrast, the dissension among academic circles is still distinctly minor.
He alluded to the peace initiatives from Hanoi in 1965 which were refused and hushed up by the Administration. Fulbright regretted he "wasn't better informed at the time."
The Senator finished up by pointing out the short-sightedness of small countries (for example, New Zealand) who are "much too reluctant to express themselves in major policy matters."
He said they do not wish to influence the great powers who have the burden of administering the policy. This was an understandable attitude, he said, but a self-derogatory one and slightly irresponsible.
Several days after Fulbright's speech, an inquiry to one of the newspapers was made, asking why it was that a representative of the State Department put forward such a different view from External Affairs.
Our Prime Minister replied that the Senator's address very well expressed New Zealand's policy and differed in no way at all.
Such a statement seemed odd after the combined efforts of Australian and New Zealand conference delegates to malign China. They blamed the instability in South East Asia on the compulsive and maliciously aggressive actions of this nation.
Sadly, it would seem that the rulers of the South Pacific will be the last to affirm China's admission to the United Nations.
A Column Of Freelance Comment
Dear Editor of the D*m*n**n,
You are quite right to give the students of Wellington the skungy deal you do. You are the greatest morning newspaper in the world and certainly in Wellington even ahead of the Metropolitan which is very good Everyone knows that students are a pack of bludging poofters and so I sent you this student's diary I found in someone's trouser pocket. It was written on the inside of the dust jacket of Fanny Hill (which is the filthiest book I have ever read three times) and stained with some substance so you can use it in one of your editorials which we so look forward too. Don't spare the rod on those little pooves at the so called seat of higher learning. Can we have some more stuff on film stars on Saturday?
I am etc
Pro Bono Publico (Newlands).
ps here is the extract.
... inverted, which just shows that the Kama Sutra can't be called definitive in the true sense of the word.
Sunday: Rose early for breakfast. Was out of bed by midday for lunch. Did Yoga exercises and went to demo, at Parliament. Good show. Annoyed police—best demonstration since French bomb test do. Pity Humphrey did not appear. Went home to vomit in front of 'Great War.'
Monday: Ate for the first time in a week. Went down to the old bull and brush in Courtenay Place to see what NZUSA had doing with itself over the hols. Elastic Taylor (the Pres.) told me he'd been banana planting in Samoa. Jolly useful too. They kept their bananas underground during the hurricane. Best place for them. Apparently Vic, university Pres. Chris (Slasher) Robertson has been on a leadership course in England. God knows he needs it.
Tuesday: Enrolled in a reading knowledge. Sized up the fresher talent floating round the place. Went to an orgy followed by a poetry reading.
Wednesday: Seduced three freshers. Had salad for dinner.
Thursday: Wrote a poem. For inspiration went to the Rank and File building to peer at some of the pornographic pottery on show there. Got some money from the government so I can continue my studies.
Friday: Pace of work is getting me down. Spent most of morning in contemplation. Is it worth going on? Desecrated cathedral in afternoon. Saw Italian movie about Lesbians in evening. Quite good, although I thought
Saturday: All day orgy culminated by demonstration at Indonesian Embassy. Got off with two more freshers as far as I can remember.
Sunday: Found Yoghurt had curdled overnight ...
Since 1900, 1,797 negroes have been lynched in the United States. This may go some way to make the following newspaper extracts understandable. Not one of these is the worst known case. In most cases multilation and torture occurred before death.
Savannah, July 26—A mob lynched the wrong negro at Eastman on July 14th, it was learned last night. The victim was not Ed Claus, suspected of raping a schoolteacher, but a different young negro. The real Claus was located near Darien yesterday. Before the lynching the victim had protested that he was not Claus, had never met the schoolteacher, and pleaded for time to prove his innocence. It is expected that the real Ed Claus will be lynched shortly.
Chicago Record-Herald, July 27, 1903.
Jennings, La., August 27—
Montgomery Advertiser, August 28, 1913.
Gainesveill, August 19—Five negroes—three men and two women—were found hanging from an oak tree here this morning.
Atlanta Constitution, August 20, 1916.
Tylertown, Miss., November 23—Cleveland Strange, white, was accidently shot through the abdomen during the lynching of a negro today. Strange was hitting the negro over the head with a gun, holding it by its barrel, when it accidently went off.
Atlanta Constitution, November 24, 1920.
Collidge, Tex. August 16—The body of
New York Sun, August 16. 1921,
Houston, Tex., March 8—A band of masked white youths hung a negro by his heels last night and carved two series of KKK's into his chest and stomach in reprisal for recent sit-in demonstrations by negro students at Texas Southern University.
One of the white youths said the wounds were in reprisal for siting at lunch counters in Houston by
Police Lt.
Birmingham News, March 8, 1960.
Massey's library is currently starved for facilities and for finance.
Its deputy librarian, Mr.
Writing in the periodical New Zealand Libraries, he says that the whole subject is too painful to talk about. Only towards the end of the decade is there any prospect of fairer financial weather.
"The gasp of dismay that went up from all the universities when the quinquenial grants were announced (in 1964) was louder at Massey than anywhere else, except perhaps Waikato."
Flashback …
"There has been no job at Massey University held up at all by the government" said Mr. Kinsella on the 23rd March, 1965.
The date for completion of the new Massey library has also been delayed. Originally scheduled for the beginning of 1967, it has now been put off until the second half of the year, and Mr. Turner expresses doubts as to whether the building will in fact be ready by 1968.
He sees only two causes for hope. First, that it is now established policy that new courses are not introduced until finance is available for the library facilities such courses need.
Second, that building needs are not as acute as they could be if the present and prospective book grant were not so small. "This is an eloquent and ironical commentary on our whole situation" says Mr. Turner.
LHASA: Returning from Peking after a period of "education" of from 3-10 years, 4000 to 5000 Tibetan youths are now rebelling against the Chinese, according to refugee sources.
These youths, after their return from Peking, have been posted throughout Tibet as teachers, interpreters and leaders in various youth organisations and groups. They were expected to form a nucleus of Chinese agents throughout Tibet.
Lately, however, Chinese authorities have found that these Tibetan youths were not only neglecting the duties assigned to them but were actively engaged in anti-Chinese activities. Chinese authorities termed them "deviationists" and ordered them to submit their life history commencing from the age of eight. At the same time, meetings were held throughout Tibet to "purge bad elements."
Discontentment amongst Tibet's youth has further increased in view of compulsory Chinese language education.
In all the newly-built schools in Tibet, Chinese is taught as the main language. The children are taught to praise the Chinese Communist party and its leaders and to denounce the Tibetan religion, culture and customs.
Chinese troops are also training young Tibetan women in guerilla warfare. About 4000 women were said to have completed courses, according to Radio Lhasa.
It is also reported that Tibetans of both sexes between the ages of 15 and 30 are given military training. The trainees are called "Dhoulernka" or vanguards.
All these measures taken by Chinese authorities have resulted in youth rebellion throughout Tibet.—November, 1965.
Although New Zealand is our largest overseas supplier of foodstuffs, it is important that this is put in the right perspective. We grow at home two-thirds of the foodstuffs we eat, apart from those products like bananas which climate prevents us from growing.
People often think that Britain is a purely industrial island. They forget that agriculture is still our largest single industry.
For instance, the value of British farm produce is greater than that of New Zealand and Australia added together.
Rt. Hon. T. F. Peart, British Minister of Agriculture, 23rd September 1965.
Several important points must be distinguished in considering the resignations of the secretary and treasurer of this association.
First, that resignation of executive members at this time of the year—while undesirable—is not to be deplored.
It does not create a lack of leadership at a crucial time.
The second is that
Thirdly, in attempting to prevent the payment of the NZUSU levy despite a constitutional direction from executive to do so, they attempted to overthrow a democratic system of control by totalitarian means.
The fourth is that the two main allegations of Mr. Lawrence (financial irregularities and losing the confidence of the Wellington business community) are completely unfounded in fact and cannot be substantiated.
The fifth is that in issuing press statements about a domestic disagreement they showed a fantastic lack of concern for the reputation of this association.
Both Mr. Lawrence and, in particular, Mr. Tate, have made considerable sacrifices for the welfare of this association. It might well have been that, had they allowed themselves to be over-ruled and then forced the issue by constitutional means this term, they would have received considerable support.
Instead, they have severely damaged the name of this association and caused quite baseless speculation and rumour about its affairs.—H.B.R.
Students are certainly one of the worst-off sections of the community, in Wellington at least.
But there is one section of the community which is demonstrably worse off.
They are the old age pensioners, workingmen and women existing on the thin government pension.
This association's executive would do well to consider whether students do not have a special responsibility towards this section of the community.
After all, they built the state in which we now live, and which supports this university.
There are times of the year at which the magnificent facilities of the Student Union are hardly used by students. The May and August vacations, for instance.
It would surely be possible to select one such day and invite the old age pensioners of Wellington to visit our university.
For a nominal sum we could provide a substantial hot meal. We could hire and show films they like but do not get a chance to see.
We could show what man has learnt in the many years since they have been alive, in the sciences and the arts.
When one considers the large sums the association spends on its members, it would seem highly reasonable that a few pounds be used to provide such a day.
This must not be considered as charity, as a time for propaganda, or another public relations stunt.
It is a chance to pay a collective tribute to the men and women who worked to build this country, yet are now denied even a subsistence income.
It would be our chance to show we have not forgotten.—H.B.R.
What the Vietcong have been conducting in South Vietnam is known variously as guerilla war, revolutionary war or subversive war.
The theory of it is partly Maoist, partly French and American. None of these names is quite satisfactory, because of the emotional overtones of words like "revolution" and "subversion"; but I shall adopt the term "revolutionary war" because the unique characteristic of this sort or war is that it is an attempt to conduct a social and political revolution by means of guerilla activity.
By "revolution" I mean simply the transformation of a social and political system, generally from within, by means not allowed for, or legitimate, in terms of the systems as it was before transformation.
Such non-legitimate means of political action are called "violent" in the technical sense in which that term is used by political scientists, and they are usually violent in the common-usage sense of the term as well—unless indeed they are non-violent, which doesn't arise in the present case.
Some object to the use of the term "revolutionary war" because they doubt if what is being carried on in such cases is a revolution in the sense of a spontaneous popular movement of all or a majority of the inhabitants.
Those who use the terms "revolutionary war" and "revolution," with overtones of approval, always imply that it is such a popular movement that they are describing.
You'll have noticed that my definition of revolution contained no statement about its popular character at all. The reason is that in most cases, revolutionary circumstances—especially those in which revolutionary war is found— don't permit of one's ascertaining what the majority want; a majority opinion is a highly elaborate political convention, requiring highly elaborate political machinery to find it out.
It's unusual, if not quite unknown, to find revolutionary activity going on where such machinery really exists and operates; and nearly as usual to find a revolution which results in the creation of such machinery or of majority-minority government.
The normal outcome of revolution is some kind of populist— which means allegedly popular— dictatorship, by one man, a party or both.
Of course, if there was a spontaneous uprising by masses of people the means of distinguishing majority from minority wouldn't exist and wouldn't be necessary.
The inhabitants would declare what they wanted by the simple act of getting up and going after it—an idea which exercises a great fascination over some minds, which are always trying to reduce politics to a state where that is all that happens.
But, as Lenin pointed out as vigorously as anyone ever has, no revolution is carried through by spontaneous mass action and nothing else. You go through a phase—perhaps you never come out of it—in which there has to be conspiracy, co-ordination, organisation, leadership.
At this point the iron law of oligarchy comes into play. The leadership and the organisation have to be the work of some sort of co-ordinating elite—the commonest word for this is "party"— and the problem now arises of the relations between the elite and the masses.
If the organising party is the directing intelligence, popular action will become less spontaneous and more directed; popular action may become only such action as the party directs; the party decides what popular action shall be undertaken, and may even decide what is popular action and what is not. At this stage, nearly all revolutionary parties adopt a populist ideology of which Leninism is merely the best known and most effective.
Professor Cock, of Canterbury
University, presented aper to the Vietnam teach-in on "Cold strategy and the domino theory."
Following the collection cole of the project to publish the teach-in teach speeches, Professor Pocock has permitted client to publish his paper.
This will be done in deneio parts "Revolution-ary War" and "Reguleglwar, deterrance, and negotiation."
Although written in en July 1965, this paper has a continuing relence to the Vietnam situation.
A populist ideology defines
This solves the problem, at ideology level. The people want what the party wants; the people do what the party does, the party knows what the people want, and all that it does is done by the people.
This actually is the point at which Western and Eastern concents of democracy diverge. If you take the view that different people want different things, that people who want the same things want them got in different ways and do not always want them got for them by the same agents, then the whole populist apparatus will appear to you a monstrous and
On the other hand there are
However, if the one-party
This is done by grass-roots
A struggle between such an
We tend to think that these two
But in reality there is nothing to stop both methods being practised simultaneously. This applies to both sides, because the contest for popular support is a war, which has no rules and is fought by all methods.
In addition, the revolutionary is an idealist, who genuinely desires to do people good but is fanatically certain that he knows what is good fur people and even knows what they want.
It comes very naturally to him to coerce people who don't want what he wants to give them, on the grounds that these people are enemies of 'the people, who do want it by definition.
He can very easily be found, as it were, building a school for the children and then shooting the parents for not sending their children to it. If his opponent is less of an idealist, he may waver between outbursts of excessive brutality and periods of loss of faith in his own benevolence; but the revolutionary is always sure he's right.
Since we are not revolutionaries we always tend to be more denunciatory of what is done in our name than of what is done by the revolutionaries. That, paradoxically, is a good reason for being on our side and against the revolutionaries.
A revolutionary war is, like other kinds of war, a horrible business. Nearly all underground organisations—even those, like the French Resistance, receiving a great deal of legitimation from an existing national system—kill more of those they are claiming to liberate than of the organised enemies who are trying to kill them.
The reason is that they have to assert their authority; they have to disrupt habits of behaviour which they judge incompatible with their authority; they have to eliminate those whom they think enemies, rivals or even indifferents; and they have to judge who to kill and and what to destroy on their own responsibility, with no system of law to help or control them.
The French Resistance executed some ten thousand Frenchmen and women at the time of the Liberation. There may well have been ten thousand people in France at the time who richly deserved to be shot, but how many of these were among the ten thousand who were?
Suppose you could eliminate private vendettas from a process like this; suppose you could eliminate the ideological genocide who shoots people for belonging to the wrong social or ethnic group you would still be up against the consideration that sincere and high minded idealists are the wrong people to be carrying out executions, because they execute people for idealistic reasons—and obviously one should prefer the public hangman, who executes no body until he's told to by an elaborately cautious and slow moving legal system.
The photograph at top right is by Salient reporter
A system of legality is obviously preferable to a revolutionary dictatorship, if there happens to be one; but not every government under revolutionary attack is a system of legality, and, if it is, the revolutionaries will, of course, try to prevent it functioning as one.
To provoke the would be just into behaving unjustly is a well known revolutionary technique. A grass-roots struggle for popular support may be defined as two systems of benevolence in violent competition.
The benevolent use the techniques of violence, both against those who might be objects of their benevolence and against each other.
It was pointed out by a participant in the war in Algeria that if your opponent in this sort of struggle is a popular and efficient administrator, he is a greater danger to you than if he's a brutal and corrupt thug You will therefore try to shoot the nice chap and let the nasty chap go on damaging his own side; and a revolutionary war can therefore become a struggle in which the nice chaps kill the nice chaps and get nastier while they're doing it.
I am emphasising all the horrible features of a war of this kind because the obvious danger for the Western observer is that he tends to become starry-eyed about one side or the other; and I want to paint the picture of a war in which, as in all other wars, horrible things will be done by both sides.
Does what I am saying point to a posture of moral neutrality?
Well, an all out struggle at the grass-roots is clearly a good thing to stay out of if you can; you should only get into it if you feel your own interests are vitally affected by the outcome, or if you have better reasons for sympathising with one side or the other than I've so far indicated.
These reasons will be determined by your long term political beliefs, which had better be more carefully worked out than those of the naive left-winger or the naive anti-communist.
The best reason I know for taking the non-revolutionary side is that, other things being equal, the non-revolutionary is more likely to admit that his atrocities are atrocities than the revolutionary, whose besetting sin is his self righteousness—and may therefore stop committing them sooner.
If anti-communists think communists are devils, one reason is that communists insist that they are angels—a mistake Americans never make: they have too much political sense as well as too much sense of guilt.
To Be Concluded
"The Collector" was banned in 1965 by the Film Censorship Board of Appeal. It had been passed by the Film Censor—with cuts—but was banned on appeal against one of the cuts.
This review is from the top Australian student newspaper "Lot's Wife" (Monash University) and is reprinted here because we believe New Zealand students should be aware of the nature and content of the banned film. Ed.
William Wyler is perhaps Hollywood's master "sicky." And "The Collector" (Embassy) could be his sickest film.
I Found it an interesting and strangely compelling experience.
In style and form it is quite conventional, with one only interesting technical point. Early in the story Freddy, the collector, has a flashback, which establishes for the audience exactly who and what he is and how he comes to be in the position to do what he does.
When I say he has a flashback I mean he remembers or relives in his mind the incidents which provide the clue to his character.
The flashback, once upon a time, you will recall, was the filmmaker's device for filling us in on information effecting subsequent action. Today the flashback comes to us as reminiscenee on the part of a character. A better way, I think.
Here the flashback is in an almost sepia black and white which marks it clearly from the colour of the main film. Those people who couldn't tell straight story action from the daydreams Guido indulged in to "escape" from painful experiences in "8½" will appreciate this slightly excessive under-lining on the part of the more considerate Mr. Wyler.
The real interest in the film comes from its content, particularly the nature of its protagonists.
For here is no mere abduction, and not even a case of psycho captures girl. The reason for the abduction ties in a complex of individual character, social situation and stroke of fortune.
Freddy, the main character (Terrence Stamp) is a butterfly collector, not just because he likes the look of butterflies. I suspect, but because he is a boy from a working class home who is get ting on in the new one-class world of today and is desperately ashamed of his background. Not for anything intrinsic in it, of course, but because its narrow horizons and limited cultural opportunities deny him the social acceptance he secretly wants from his workmates and subsequently the girl who has been the centre of his dreams from childhood.
Butterflies satisfy his poorly articulated craving for beauty without making demands on him to compete at a cultural or intellectual level.
The film opens on his abduction but it really begins with his winning a fortune on the football pools. This stroke of chance places him in a position to enjoy a mode of life formerly only accessible to persons of different birth and less fundamental education.
The author has gone to some pains to highlight the difference between Freddy and his world. In the bank he is pathetically shy and aloof from his more secure and rowdier mates. Throughout his relationship with Melinda ( Samantha Egger) he fails to communicate with her at a satisfactory level because he simply cannot speak her language.
His only neighbour in the Tudor country house he buys himself is a retired Colonel, the perfect Old Public School Boy, replete with horses and dogs.
Melinda is for him both the cherished object of his most secret and urgent desire, the crown of his aspirations, and the living testimony to his impotence in regard to the success of that desire.
What he seeks from her is love. Yet love to him means the satisfaction of his abject, isolate, childish greed for beauty.
It is precisely because she is "above his station"—daughter of a "ladidah doctor," as he often reminds her—that he desires her and yet, because of his own acute and very sad sense of inadequacy and intellectual inferiority he cannot accept the offer of her love, even when she submits herself to him willingly.
Desperately seeking love and prepared to pay all for it, he still cannot escape from the nagging suspicion that everything she says and does is designed to get at him, to show up his inferiority.
The film, to my mind, should finish with her death. It doesn't. But even with his eyes on easier game, and a bird closer to his own cage, one feels that Freddy will remain ever the ironic failure.
Perhaps the most intriguing thing about the film is that it is a story which could only have been filmed now, in post-Profumo Britain. It is surely not merely by accident that Miss Egger is physically a John Osborne and
The cruelty, guilt obsessed bawdiness of English sexuality are hinted at in "
World Records' "Hamlet" reviewed.
World Records recently embarked upon a series optimistically called The Living Shakespeare. The first release purports to be Hamlet; and it contains a fine reading by Sir
The sleeve of the record praises this performance: the "beautiful voice does justice to the world's greatest poet"—we can only regret that Sir Michael does not do justice also to the world's greatest dramatist. The sad fact of the matter is that, by disordering and decapitating Shakespeare, the editors have produced a record that is dishonest to the original play, and often incoherent in its present effect.
Our objection is not so much a cry from offended purists. It is an objection in the strongest terms to counterfeit and vulgarity. The distributors claim to be giving us Shakespeare, and they are giving us nothing of the sort; they claim to be enhancing the play by sound effects, but more often than not these obtrude, to obscure what little of the play remains. Our objection is two-fold: both that this recording should not have been made, and that it has been made badly.
* *
The recording should not have been made in this form, first of all, perhaps, because it is such a waste of acting talent. None of the players is anything but competent; and Sir Michael Redgrave's Hamlet is particularly convincing. But all of the actors are crippled: some are obliterated, others might as well be. Miss Rawling's Gertrude has little life before death; Claudius, Ophelia, and Laertes disintegrate into bit parts. The fault is not in the acting, it is in the play—or in the bones of it which the editors have left. It is a loss of no mean extent that a combination of actors, perhaps better than that used for the Marlowe Society productions, should have been wasted on such a fruitless and useless task.
The recording should not have been made, also, because, like all greatly abridged versions, it distorts the play almost beyond recognition. This objection was made by many people to Sir Lawrence Olivier's film of Hamlet; it may be applied with even greater justification to this recording. A typical example of the dangers in such a presentation may be seen on the record's sleeve;
* *
The record itself is bad, not through any real fault of the acting (although we have our reservations about some of that), but through a lack of control and understanding in the use of auditory effects. The production is at its lowest in the ridiculous echoes of so-called key words in the scene with the Ghost: we could accept a sea-cave, but not one with resonance so crassly fortuitous .
There are sundry other examples of bad taste or judgment, but none as obvious and pointless as this. The subdued wailing during the sililoquies is also incongruous and distracting—Sir
Other effects of staging become increasingly annoying. The crowd reactions are too prolonged and obvious. Some of the remarks which come through the murmurs are enlivening but hardly appropriate—we are unlikely to forget that hearty voice shouting "cast orf" during Laertes' departure (included for some unknown reason) The production displays supreme unconcern about fundamentals of drama. The tone is set with the removal of the jumpy challenges of the watch in the opening scene; they are replaced by the polite voice of the narrator: "The King of Denmark has died mysteriously." It reminds us of nothing so much as the children's session: Very little is rotten everything is rather gentlemanly and nice in the State of Denmark. And as the opening is jettisoned by calm explanation, so the climax is to be sabotaged by an inept footnote about the changing of swords.
* *
Shakespeare is not such bad theatre that he cannot be made palatable to modern audiences. Surely we are not so hurried today that we cannot spare the time to listen to a reasonable acting version of Hamlet. Could it be that the World Record Club is anxious that a somewhat more expensive price would limit sales? There may be a case in the production of drama for the clarification of sense if no damage is done to the rhythm or sound: there cannot be any excuse for cutting a play by more than two-thirds—except, of course, a commercial excuse. True, the lower forms of some of our schools might be able to meet Shakespeare in this way—but there would be little point in such an introduction. Such pupils would be better off dealing with works they can understand and enjoy, rather than with a sham whose original is beyond their grasp. Other readers will surely be quite uninterested in such a dramatisation.
We hope that as few people as possible will be mislead by World Records' emasculation of Hamlet: we have discussed the matter at some length to protect those students and others who might well be prospective buyers of such records. Our chief regret is that the Club has not directed its energies towards reasonably-priced but complete editions of Shakespeare. For the fact remains, despite some most creditable acting, and some interesting music, that this record of Hamlet does not live, and is not Shakespeare.
—P.G.R.
Meet Sarah. She is a Psych I dropout from Vic. (She was an English I dropout from Auckland before that.) She is an amoral, independent challenge to stuffy conformity in New Zealand life.
She is the heroine of Jean Watson's first novel. Stand In The Rain. Through her eyes we follow her drift through her life, from job to job, from place to place. She loves and lives with Abungus, tolerantly accepting his changing moods, loving him both for and despite the well-intentioned ineptness with which he blunders through the job of earning a living.
She is one of the ever-shifting New Zealanders who use the security of the welfare state to maintain a complete personal independence. She allows no obligations and demands none. She moves in an anarchic world where all are mates and each makes individual rules.
Miss Watson's publishers have boosted her as "the girl behind the good, keen, deer-culling, possum-trapping, pig-hunting, rabbit-shooting, scrub-cutting, hard-case, dinkum-type Kiwi." This promises a Crump-style yarn, which the book is not, and hopefully good sales, which the book deserves.
Sarah is a girl who will shock every "right-thinking New Zealander," which these days means the over-40 women of the No-Mandy variety. It is a shock they need.
But when Miss Watson's book reaches its deserved second edition, she should have the publisher's jacket note rewritten. For Sarah is not just a female Barry Crump. She is a girl of today's New Zealand in a fresh and mature way.
Stand In The Rain, by Jean Watson, published by Pegasus, 1965. 150pp., 17/6. Reviewed by H. B. Rennie.
Arts Reporter
Hone Tuwhare,
His Publishers believe it is unique in New Zealand poetry for a book of poems to go to three impressions in so short a time.
The first impression of "No Ordinary Sun," published in November, 1964, and totalling 600 copies, was sold out before Christmas, and a reprint of 600 copies issued in May, 1965, sold lout in three weeks.
The first edition was already on its way to being a collector's piece. It was one of the last works of the famous Auckland typographer
Mr. Tuwhare is employed as a tradesman on the Rangitaiki River hydro-electric project and is president of the Te Mahoe Local of the New Zealand Workers Union.
A socialist, he is one of several poets (including
A further reprint, including some new poems in a separate section, of 1000 copies was to have been issued before Christmas, 1965.
However
"Publishing poetry is very much a charitable service." Mr. Campbell said. "But in the case of Mr. Tuwhare you can see what the public interest is. We are confident that the new printing of 1000 will sell equally as well."
For comparison he gave printing figures for other books of poetry published by his firm. Five of the editions had been of 400 copies and the fifth of 500 copies. The best seller of these had sold about 80 per cent of the copies after being in print for five years, and none had reached a second impression.
Do the sales of "No Ordinary Sun" represent an increasing public interest in New Zealand poetry? Mr. Campbell does not think there is any great increasing interest in the majority of poets already published New Zealand.
But he does see an increasing emphasis in the schools and universities on New Zealand poetry which he feels will lead to a growing interest in due course. His firm is contemplating a cheap series of school texts on the major New Zealand poets.
Meanwhile Mr. Tuwhare continues to write.
Little grey men prowl Ihe curridors of parliment. and stand at ease in the pubile galleries.
In the galleries you cannat stand, talk, lean forward, or read, and they are there to prevent it.
During the passage of the News Media Act, a Salient staffer was sitting in the public gallery.
In front of him a Government M.P. lay flat on his back across two seats, an Edgar Walbicc novel clutched to his chest, chatting to a passing M.P.
The Salient staffer began to read. Inevitably, a little grey man approached.
"You can't read that In here," he said firmly. "That" was in fact a copy of the News Media Ownership Bill!
Sports Reporter
Prominent university sportsman
He has been active in university sport, student politics, and academic activities during his four years at Victoria, and is currently acting-president of VUWSA.
A physics honours student, he is a past holder of a university junior scholarship, and currently holds a university senior scholarship and Colonial Sugar and Philips Industries scholarships.
He has been president of the Maths and Physics Society, a member of the Science Club's Council, and is a keen chess player.
He plays rugby and squash, and has been captain of the Athletic Club. In
A former Weirman, he has also had notable success as a member of the Victoria drinking team. While at Palmerston North Boys' High School he was for five years a flautist with the school orchestra.
In student politics, he has always stood out for what he believes to be the views of the student majority, subordinating his own views to the implementation of these.
"I believe that in the past executive has failed to act in the interests of the student body," he said early last year. "Indeed it may be accused of acting in spite of the interests of students using the excuse that the popular student opinion is unknown."
Although he has studied science at Victoria, he intends to read for a BA degree at Oxford in politics, economics, and philosophy. He says that this switch comes from a preference for human problems instead of the isolated, almost straight forward life of a scientist.
Rugby.—A Japanese rugby team from Doshiba University will play Victoria at Athletic Park on Wednesday, March 23rd. The tour is being arranged by the University of Canterbury, whose 1965 team played Doshiba while touring Japan last year. Canterbury won narrowly, 15-14. Canterbury organisers say that rugby is becoming increasingly popular in Japan, with an estimated 2000 teams now in existence.
You know who the critics are? men who have failed in literature and art.—Disraeli.
Sports Reporter
Victoria's popular gymnasium head, Mr.
Mr. Landreth began his work at the university at a time when there were no other student welfare services available.
This was in 1951, and he has been Victoria's Physical Welfare Officer ever since.
In 1964 he was elected to a position of life member of the association by an overwhelming majority. This reflected his years of service to students, not just as gymnasium head, but as an unofficial adviser and counsellor as well.
In 1955 Mr. Landreth obtained his Masters degree with honours in education and in 1959 he was elected to the Blues panel.
He has also been president of the National Physical Education Society and has represented it at.
Salient Reporter
A Number of bursary anomalies were rectified under provisions announced by the Minister of Education in December last year.
Mr. Kinsella, in announcing the changes, said that it was not expected that they would be costly to implement.
"The number of individual students affected will probably not be large," he said, "but the changes are nevertheless important in principle."
In summary, the alterations are: Masters bursary: A bursary for part-time masters students is now available. Previously students required to meet training requirements in professions such as teaching, accountancy, and law could obtain no bursary.
Married students: Boarding bursaries are again payable to married students where eligible prior to marriage. The regulations are to be amended to give the department of Education the legal power to pay the bursaries.
Second courses: The absolute limit of five years on bursary assistance for double degree courses has been relaxed. Bursaries will be available for five, six, or seven years, depending on the courses taken.
Reinstatement of a Fees and Allowances bursary: Students are no longer required to pass one unit in addition to the units failed before a bursary is reinstated. Conditions for reinstatement are now the same as for Fees bursaries.
Fees and Allowances bursary: Any student who in any one year passes three stage I BA or BSc units, or any other full-time course, will now qualify for a fees and Allowance bursary.
Honours course: A bursary—either an extended Fees and Allowances bursary or a second Masters bursary—will now be available for students taking an additional subject to Honours level.
Repeat units: The present restriction on the payment of fees for repeated units is now removed. All alterations are operative from the beginning of the 1966 academic year.
Internationally Famous playwright
The University Of Tasmania is advertising for students. In February its officials were interviewing students in Victoria. It will assist students to obtain accommodation, and will absorb some of the students excluded from Victoria's Melbourne and Monash universities by filled quotas. Since the university moved to a new site, it has had room for expected enrolments in almost all faculties.
Publication Of The Second Issue of the new literary periodical "Words" has been delayed. The Wai-Te-Ata press, which prints the magazine, has been closed down during the absence of its controller, Professor
Two New South Wales state agricultural colleges have refused enrolment this year to 480 students. This is 80 per cent of the number of applicants. The number of students could not be increased because no more facilities were available.
230 New Zealand Students studied at Australian universities in 1965. The total number of overseas students was 6767, of whom over half were Malaysians. New Zealanders ranked ahead in numbers of all countries except Malaysia. Republic of China-Hong Kong (1382) and Indonesia (261).
Canterbury University's Appeal to build three church halls of residence at the Ilam site broke its £100,000 target shortly before Christmas with a gift of £10,000 from Sir
£436,320 Will Be Spent on the first stage of the veterinary science buildings at Massey University. It will be the clinical science block, housing the animal clinic and the animal hospital. Drawings are being prepared for an eight-storey second stage containing laboratories and staff studies.
Salient Reporter
A Little-Known tax concession offers a substantial sum of tax-free income to members of the public who board students.
Any Person who keeps one boarder need not show any of the receipts from board paid as income.
This concession could add up to £100 to the real income of a family which boarded a student in Wellington for one year.
This estimate is based on the few available analyses of Wellington board costs, which show that about 40 per cent of money paid in board goes to pay the labour of the person offering the board.
In the case of private board, this sum would go to the family. Taking an average board rate of £5 per week—slightly below the average figure given by the university's accommodation service— this would give an average return of £100 free of tax.
Even with two, three, or four boarders, only 20 per cent of gross receipts is returnable as income, or less if the profit actually made is below this figure.
Council Reporter
Professor
These lectures, instituted in honour of the Chancellor of the University, Sir
Previous lecturers have been Sir
Professor Blackett, who was awarded the Nobel Prize for Physics in 1948, has recently been elected president of the Royal Society. He has taken an active interest in the political aspects of science and is a member of the British Government's advisory committee on technology.
His publications include "Military and Political Consequences of Atomic Energy" (1948), "Atomic Weapons and East-West Relations" (1956) and "Studies of War" (1962).
Heh Heh. Sorry kids (those that were here last year). Thought you'd be able to read your Salient without the ignorant, snide remarks of Latent, didn't you? Never mind you can always ask the editor for a copy with this part cut out. You won't get it, but you can always ask.
* * *
Greetings to all young freshers. You are now entering that exciting place, the university. Where mind meets mind, to say nothing of bodies, and from which you will depart wiser, better, and of broader intellect than when you entered. To which you can bring your prejudices and suppositions, meet others with same views and depart with them stronger than ever. Where you will meet all those people who will be useful to you in later life, like husbands, and so on.
* * *
Now you are at university you need to know the IN words. A good word is ' Apathy.' It is usually used by those who have aspirations in student polities, and refers to those who do not have aspirations in student politics. Others would use the word 'Wise,' but that's a matter of personal preference.
Remember ' Exec,' short for 'Executive.' Isn't that a wonderful title? If you act in the right manner over the next couple of years you may be elected one of the 13
'CAF'—but that won't give you any trouble.
Then you must remember the In topics of conversation. What does one hear on a tour of the tables in the caf? The hard drive of a religious discussion? A brilliant exposition and discussion of New Zealand foreign policy? An argument about the state of the country's economy? Yes sometimes. Like when some young fresher is there to be impressed.
As often as not the films on in town who is going to bed with whom, last night's tv programme, or what NZUSA is doing. Subjects which require the subtle wit and piercing mind of the university-trained man or woman.
* * *
The state legislature in Georgia, USA. voted for the exclusion of one of its newly-elected members, a Mr. Bond. It seems that this evil renegade, this dastardly scum, had different opinions from the majority as to the wisdom of United States foreign policy. And so to all traitors. Now I know why the Labour Party doesn't oppose the sending of troops to Vietnam. They're afraid the Government may of them out of the House.
* * *
How to make informed, intelligent, useful comment on our foreign policy. Take one chain and a padlock, go to your nearest Parliamentary Buildings (available in all good democracies) and attach yourself firmly thereto, After some time an Official will come and, seizing the chain firmly, will sever it with a swift closing of bolt-cutter jaws.
The surrounding journalists will thereupon record your likeness upon a piece of photographic paper, and distribute this into the homes of the Multitude. This Multitude, upon looking at the picture and, in the case of some, reading the Words beneath, will then change such views as they may have had to those recommended by the Better Views Bureau, address c/- The Pillars, Parliament Buildings.
* * *
Subtle, they are, oh, subtle. "p100 omit £6-0-0 substitute £6-10-0," quoth Victoria University of Wellington corrections to calendar, 1966, queething of the students' association fee. Well, I suppose that it is one way of letting the multitudes know. Cunning, would you not agree (?), of exec to decide the issue just before finals, to stifle that unpopular thing — disagreement. Not that this exec. a crowd of strange folk if ever there was one, seems to do much else.
New Executive treasurer
In a rare event, contending candidates presented themselves for co-option following the resignation of former treasurer
Applicants were
President
A protest was made that
The result, of this ballot was not declared but Salient has good reason to believe that it favoured Shand 6-5.
When Jamieson returned to the meeting later he was given an opportunity to speak.
A new ballot was then taken, on the grounds that the previous one was not recorded in the minutes.
As the result of this ballot, Jamieson was declared elected.
It was then discovered that the association's constitution states that wherever possible a "qualified" accountant should occupy the position of treasurer.
Aranz.
Salient Reporter
The 1966 university Calendar was published by December 1965 as a result of its division into two parts.
The change was accompanied by an increase in price from 3/- for the 1965 Calendar to 5/- for the two parts of the 1966 Calendar.
The 622 pages of the combined parts are 80 more than last year's issue had.
This is largely accounted for by the inclusion of the Universities Act 1961 (21 pages) and increases in Classes and Prescriptions (16 pages) and Awards after entrance (9 pages).
Listings of Club Secretaries and Past Officers have been omitted.
The University has a new Physical Welfare Officer— a bright and bouncy blonde name of
Miss Riddell gained her Diploma of Physical Education at Otago University and has had a year teaching PhysEd at Wellington Girls' College. Her main interest is gymnastics; she also plays tennis and hockey, and is a sideline waitress at Downstage.
As yet the position of Physical Welfare Officer remains unfilled, although it is believed that an appointment will be made soon.
Despite the complete change of staff from last year, courses at the gym are as full as ever. Full of what, did we hear you cry? Well, for the participants, benefits both physical and mental. Is that the answer you wanted?
Courses available at the gym this year are:
• Gymnastics—both remedial and Olympic:
• Modern dance:
• Trampolining—or "How To Break Your Neck in one easy lesson:
• Social dance:
• Corrective training: and general advice on fitness.
In addition, there are excellent facilities for weightlifting and badminton, table tennis, and volley ball, equipment is readily available.
So—the facilities are there, a complete staff soon will be. It's over to you.
The Editor regrets that a number of features have been withheld from this issue through the normal first issue difficulties. These include:
Record reviews—these will be resumed with a new record reviewer.
Films—popular film writer Rex Benson will reappear in our next issue.
Science — this feature is temporarily suspended following the resignation of our 1965 science editor.
For the benefit of those new to Wellington in 1966, the following is a list of the major churches in the city, their pastors, and the times of Sunday services.
The two main Anglican churches are St. Paul's Cathedral, near Parliament Building (Dean
The Central Baptist Church is located at Boulcott Street, and the minister is the Rev.
Brethren services are held on Sundays at 11am and 7pm in the Elizabeth Street Chapel.
St Mary of the Angels' Catholic church in Boulcott Street (parish priest the Rev. Basilica of the Sacred Heart in Hill Street (parish priest the Rev.
The Rev. Church of Christ's Wellington South church in Rintoul Street, Newtown. Services are held on Sundays at 11am and 7pm.
The Congregalional Church is at Cambridge Terrace, and the minister is the Rev. J. B. Chambers. Sunday services are at 1lam and 7pm.
The Salvation Army Citadel In Vivian Street 'Major
Friends' House (Society of Friends) is situatedin Moncrieff Street, just off Elizabeth Street, and the Sunday meeting is at 11am.
Karate Club has suffered a severe loss with the death of its founder,
Fisheries Research vessel "Tirohia" was launched recently from the Nelson shipyards of Dorman Engineering Ltd. A 43ft vessel, she cost £12.000 and is intended for a long term project, occupying 20 years or more. The project will include a full marine survey of the Cook Strait.
University Librarian Harold Millar has retired after 38 years as chief librarian. Mr. Millar saw through the massive library developments which culminated in the present library building. However, he believes that even now there is a shortage of library space which will grow as the roll increases each year, Mr. Millar is noted for his historical writing as well as his library work.
Lincoln Students passed a vote of no confidence in the college administration last October. About 120 students attended a special meeting, and only one audibly dissented from the motion Domestic grievances, including board rates, board priorities and terms lists caused the move.
First New Zealand Course in computer science will be run this year by Dr.
Thirty Students planted rice in Fiji as part of a Freedom from Hunger campaign over the university vacation. Fifteen other students planted bananas in Samoa under a similar scheme. The rice crop, which covers about six acres and is worth about £1200, is part of a programme for helping Fiji's poor. It is also linked with the current Freedom from Hunger youth campaign. Operation 21.
Weir Board rates have risen to £5/15/6. With additional breakage, electricity, holiday and other charges, this brings Weir's board rate to over £6, the highest hostel rate in Wellington, and possibly in New Zealand. Despite the almost prohibitive size of the rate. It is understood that Weir begins the wear with a full complement of students.
For your Prescriptions, Cosmetics and Photographic Requirements ...
Stop at
Mardon Pharmacy
Opposite the D.I.C. on Lambton Quay.
Cash in on Free Hours
Vicklyn Bureau
Needs Reliable Students For Babysitting - Domestic Duties • Driving (lorries) - Entertainment Assistance -Factory Work - Gardening - Guiding Tourists Labouring and Packing Shopwork.
Majestic Chambers, 102 Willis Street
Telephone 45-755.
Stonehams
The Jewellers
at
Cable Car Corner
Reginald Collins Ltd.
•
Wholesale wine and spirit people. Vintners to the Students' Association Carry stocks of all brands of ale. spirits, table wine (from 5/6), sherry in flagons (16/-), or quart bottles. Free delivery – Cellars are located at
No. 3 Ballance Street
(Customhouse Quay end)
Barrett's Hotel
At The Bottom Of Plimmer Steps
Handy to the Varsity and Cable Car
Have Lunch In Our New Pacific Bar
•
Remember Our ...
Free Delivery Service Balls, Parties, Etc.
Chilled flagons and 4½ or 9-gallon kegs
Hotel St. George
The "Seven Seas Bar" Best In New Zealand
• Nearest to The University.
• Modern comfortable surroundings.
• Cool, bright, fresh beer on tap always.
• Food available from our "Food Bar' 11.45 a.m. to 2.30 p.m.
Entrees, cold buffet, vegetables, hot pies.
For your convenience ...
Dinner Suit Hire Service Suit Repair Service
Jacksons – 25 Panama Street, Wellington. Phone 43-339
James Soteros
47 Manners Street
Modern 4-Chair Saloon
Continental Haircuts a specialty
Intermezzo Coffee Lounge
14 Majoribanks Street Open until 5 A.M.
every day of the week
The Sports Depot
Witcombe & Caldwell)
Half-Way Along Willis Street
Long standing connection with University sport. Every one of Vic's 24 sports catered for.
Black & White
and
Grey Cabs
Phone 56-900
Prompt Service and Civility
Accommodation Problems ?
See Vicklyn Bureau for the right shack, flat, or cave-or highly respectable board.
102 Willis Street Telephone 45-755.
Daysh Renouf & Co.
•
Members Wellington Stock Exchange
•
National Mutual Centre,
Featherston Street.
Phone: 70-169.
Margaret O'Connor Studio
Private Tuition Daily Beginners only every Monday, 7-10 30 p.m.
— Admission 5/- —
58 Lower Cuba Street
Telephone 45-818.
Ralph Wilkins
Dinner and Lounge Suits For Hire at Reasonable Rates
Cnr. Manners and Farish Streets Telephone 40-529
Roy's
For Hamburgers
Next to Fire Station 2a Kent Terrace
Council Reporter
Examinations were not held in the Rankine Brown Building last year because of the danger of claustrophobia.
This is one of the reasons revealed in the Professorial Board's-report on the matter.
Other reasons why the Board did not consider the rooms suitable for examination use included ventilation and sound-proofing deficiencies.
On this classified service page we hope we have provided a full list of the goods and services you will be needing this year. If not the Advertising Manager welcomes suggestions for services not already mentioned here. First year students, especially, should find this guide useful.
By shopping with the firms which advertise in Salient you will be returning some of the goodwill they have shown to students.
Serious defects in the Rhodesian education system are being attacked by the international university organisation World University Service.
Students and university staff throughout the world, united in this international organisation, are financing an important part of the Rhodesian education system.
Of the four million Africans in Rhodesia 120,000 have completed primary school, but only 2712 have school certificate ("O" level) and only 112 have senior school certificate ("A" level).
Under the 1961 Constitution, the franchise is based on a sliding scale of education and finance (income and property). Without greatly increased educational opportunities, few Africans are able to get the jobs which would enable them to qualify to vote.
Since 1961, World University Service has been providing educational opportunities to Africans in Rhodesia.
Help to Rhodesia came in that year in the form of scholarship aid to individual non-white students at the University College, Salisbury, to which students of all races are admitted.
The great bottleneck in the system of education for Africans is, however, at the upper secondary level: there are only two Government High Schools offering "A" level courses.
A programme of pre-university scholarships has been devised by the Rhodesian WUS Committee, in co operation with the University College, Salisbury which has established a one-year pre-university course for students, who have obtained GCE "O" level, to obtain GCE "A" level qualifications suitable for admission to the University College itself.
The "A" level course is very successful and already producing more university entrants than the two Government High Schools for Africans (which offer "A" level courses.)
In 1963, 21 of the 34 Africans who were admitted to the "A" level course passed and became eligible for university entry. The following year 16 of 22 Africans taking the course became eligible for university admission. In 1965, there were 45 students taking the "A" level course, and it is hoped to bring a further 40 into the scheme in 1966.
The costs of maintaining a student through the "A" level course are about £275 per annum. Over £8000 a year will be needed for this and future years. WUS International assistance will be added to that of the local WUS Committee to ensure the continuance of this vitally important scholarship programme.
It is of note that following an urgent appeal from the headmaster of one of the Government High Schools, in April this year International WUS raised and sent £125 to enable nine African students, each with excellent "O" level school certificates, to continue to "A" level.
WUS is aiming at expanding this programme so that the Africans of Rhodesia can gain the education which they need to improve themselves.
London Times Service
Students who want Rhodesian Government scholarships or bursaries to the university or training colleges will in future have to sign a pledge to keep out of politics. If they break the undertaking they risk losing the scholarship.
Copies of the declaration which applicants for aid must sign were being sent to schools throughout Rhodesia. It read:
"I acknowledge that the receipt of financial assistance from the Government by way of a scholarship, grant or loan precludes me from taking part in political activities outside my university or college, whether direct participation of indirectly through activities, originating within my university or college. I accordingly undertake not to:
"I further acknowledge that if I fail to observe these requirements the Government reserves the right to discontinue any further payments of such scholarship loan or grant as may have been awarded to me by it."
Mr
NZUSA Press Service
During the night of November 19, police detectives raided offices and dormitories of the University of Rhodesia as well as private homes of several professors.
They hoped to prevent publication of an anti-regime petition. A few days later, however, the following statement, signed by 46 professors, was published in the London Times:
"We, the undersigned ..., wish publicly to affirm that we do not recognize or accept the present illegal regime of the former Prime Minister. Mr.
Earlier in the week, students throughout Rhodesia showed their disapproval of the Smith regime: 124 students from the teacher training college near Gwelo marched in protest on November 16; a few miles away. 139 pupils from Fletcher High School took part in a similar demonstration the same day.
Simultaneously, half of the 700 students at the university in Salisbury formally declared their loyalty to Governor Gibbs who was recently "deposed" by the Smith regime.
Of this latter group, halt were African Rhodesians and half were liberal white Rhodesians.
Students who thus expressed their opposition to the Smith regime did so with the knowledge that their scholarship funds, though disbursed from London, are administered by the Smith government.
Though London will try to assure a just utilization of its annual 700,000-dollar support to the University of Rhodesia, the Smith government is in a position to enforce an edict which denies students the right to express any political attitude.
If it does, some observers fear that the university may cease to function as an independant institution, African attendance could then drop, and Rhodesia could regress toward a Congo-like unpreparedness for the responsibilities of real independence.
The National Party organised an "open forum" in Wellington last December. Advertised topics included the News Media Ownership and Narcotics acts, and Rhodesia.
MPs Riddiford, Adams-Schneider, McCready, and a British Conservative MP,
About 200 people were in the Savage Club hall for the forum, which began with a question read by the chairman. Mr.
According to reliable sources, this written question and the others which followed were "jacked up"—probably by the panel members who answered them.
While this practice is not too objectionable if the questions are realistic, the narcotics question missed the main point of concern to the public—the right to search without warrant, and the chairman quickly proceeded to the next topic after the "rigged" question had been dealt with.
Mr. McCready. Otaki MP, demonstrated ignorance when answering a question from a member of the audience about NZ White Paper figures on infiltration in Vietnam.
He said he was not concerned with what was in "black and white," as he had been there and had spoken with the then Prime Minister of South Vietnam. In effect Mr. McCready rejected his own government's "facts" on the Vietnam war.
The chairman after dealing with all advertised topics except Rhodesia, expressed surprise that there had not been any questions on Rhodesia. (He shouldn't have been, because the forum had been dealing with fixed topics and Rhodesia was next.)
Following a brief eulogy of
This the lady did for approximately 10 minutes. Carefully avoiding the more contentious points. Dame Vickers answered about a dozen of her own typed questions.
After this, the chairman stated that as he had promised at the start to close the forum at 10 o'clock he would call on Mr. Riddiford to say a few words.
The chairman did not state at the beginning that he wished to close at 10 o'clock. In his unseemly haste to do so he forgot about the period for questions from the floor on any topic.
No allowance was made for questions from the floor on Rhodesia despite the fact that many people wanted to question the British MP.