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Volume 4.— Otago and Southland Provincial Districts.
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Subscribers are now presented with the fourth volume of The Cyclopedia of New Zealand.
The volume treats of the rich and extensive provinces of Otago and Southland, and will, it is hoped, be found not unworthy of these fertile and famous districts; fertile by the bounty of nature and the industry of man, and famous as scenes of successful colonisation and hopeful nation-making by men and women of British blood. It may at least be said, without conceit or presumption, that the conductors of The Cyclopedia have honestly laboured with this end in view; and they cherish the hope that, both now and in aftertimes, their work will be found a veritable storehouse of historic fact, and of social, economic and industrial suggestion with respect to New Zealand and the earlier generations of its colonists.
This, however, would have been out of the question had the plan of the work been different; that is, had it been otherwise than broadly democratic and comprehensively social in its spirit and scope. No doubt had the conductors dealt only and solely with prominent public men, specially successful colonists, and captains of industry, some people would have liked the books all the better on that acount. But, then, would the work have been a Cyclopedia of New Zealand in any true sense of the term? Hardly; nor would it have been in keeping with the deep democratic spirit of the age, in the light of which it is coming to be genuinely recognised that honest men of all callings are all equally entitled to social sympathy and respect; a wharfinger not less than the chariman of a harbour board, a ganger not less than a manager of railways, if he is worthy as a man and conscientious as a worker. It was this democratic treatment that the projectors of The Cyclopedia of New Zealand provided for in the original plan; and to this plan the conductors have endeavoured to adhere through-out the work. Interestingly enough, too, all this is justified—not only by the conditions of life in New Zealand and elsewhere throughout the modern world, but by the venerable Father of History himself. At the outset of his imperishable work Herodotus quaintly observes that he will “touch as well on the small as the great estates of men; for of those that were formerly powerful many have become weak, and some that were powerful in my time were formerly weak. Knowing, therefore, the precarious nature of human prosperity, I shall commemorate both alike.”
With such an example, The Cyclopedia of New Zealand is, apart from other considerations, well warranted in commemorating in its pages carpenters as well as clergymen, ploughmen as well as politicians, small traders as well as commercial magnates. It is certin, too, that the real men in these categories will feel themselves neither honoured in one case, nor dishonoured in the other, by the juxtaposition, but will look upon it as a mere matter of course.
In accordance with their determination to make each volume as complete as it is possible to make it, the proprietors have spared no pains to bring all articles up to date. To secure this end, special visits had to be made to various parts of Otago and Southland under exceptionally trying conditions. For instance, it so happened that Central Otago could not be visited for this purpose until the winter of 1904 had set in; and during the greater part of the visit then made, the gentleman entrusted with the duties of the occasion had to travel a country covered with snow from six inches to six feet in depth. On one occasion, at night, there were forty degrees of frost, or eight below zero. In fact, if The Cyclopedia of New Zealand had had a section devoted to the description of moving incidents by field and flood, much material could have been obtained by its representative during his winter visit to Central Otago, and the history of one memorable day might have been headed: “Fighting a Blizzard for Forty Miles; or, How Bob Craig, on the 2nd of August, 1904, with Twelve Horses, drove Cobb and Co.'s Royal Mail Coach, through a record snowstorm, from Roxburgh to Lawrence; with the Historian of his Achievement—his only passenger—beside him.” It is true that there were compensations in the form of various novel experiences, such as seeing rival football teams playing a match on six inches of frozen snow; bottles of soda water, lemonade and beer with their contents frozen solid; and the great Scottish game of curling in full swing on the ice-covered water-dams and reservoirs. In any case, the circumstances are mentioned in no self-compassionating spirit, but merely by way of incidentally illustrating the general fact, that there is diversity as well as number in the difficulties which the conductors and their colleagues have to overcome, in their determination to make The Cyclopedia of New Zealand a work worthy of its name.
In connection with these efforts of theirs and their staff, the properietors are very sensible of the assistance which has in many ways been given by gentlemen throughout Otago and Southland. With hardly an exception, officers of Government departments and public bodies have, when applied to for information, courteously supplied whatever has been asked for in that connection; and to these gentlemen the proprietors and conductors of The Cyclopedia beg to tender their sincere thanks. Of others who in a special degree have helped the editor and his colleagues, it would be hard to name all, but inexcusable to omit to mention Mr. W. H. S. Roberts, of Oamaru; Mr. W. B. Scandrett, of Invercargill; Mr. S. N. Muir, of Dunedin; Mr. Lachlan Langlands, Secretary of the Otago Early Settlers' Association; Mr. George Fenwick, Editor of the Otago Daily Times; Mr. Mark Cohen, Editor of the Dunedin Evening Star; Mr. R. J. Gilmour, managing proprietor of the Southland
Times; Mr. R. F. Cuthbertson, Secretary of the Southaland Agricultural and Pastoral Association; and Mr. W. Pyle, of St. Bathans, Central Otago.
One fact may be singled from many that might be mentioned in this connection to illustrate the nature of the indebtedness of the conductors, and the means they take to secure accuracy in all articles with any pretence to historical importance. It is, that the late Mr. E. B. Cargill, a few weeks before he died, carefully revised the proofs of his own biography, and those of that of his father, Captain William Cargill; that just man and wise statesman, who will be venerated to the latest ages as the Founder and Father of the province of Otago.
Concerning the contents of the present volume not much need be said, and certainly nothing by way of apology. Though, in one sense, The Cyclopedia of New Zealand is neither a literary nor a scientific work, and is, in the main, apart from its professedly historical portions, a collection of short biographical sketches with portraits; yet these sketches are such that, from them, a true history of the industrial and social life of the country might be drawn by a competent writer, and will be apprehended, even as the work stands, by any reader of fair knowledge and sympathetic insight. Nor is it unlikely that in times still far distant the descendants of the country's pioneers will find as much satisfaction in the fact that their ancestors are mentioned in The Cyclopedia of New Zealand as a modern Englishman does in knowing that his blood is traceable to men whose names appear in the famous Doomsday Book of William the Conqueror.
Subscribers will be pleased to know that the fifth volume, which is to deal with Nelson, Marlborough and Westland, is already well in hand, and will be conducted to a finish with all the despatch that is consistent with its character as an important portion of a memorable work. Then will come the sixth and last volume. It will deal with Taranaki and Hawke's Bay, and will contain, in keeping with the five other volumes, carefully collated and ably written histories of the provincial districts covered by its plan.
The Cyclopedia Company, Limited.
Before the end of the eighteenth century, and about the same time as the foundation of the convict settlement of New South Wales, whalers and sealers began to settle in scattered groups along the New Zealand coast. A whaling station was founded in Preservation Inlet so early as 1829, by Captain Peter Williams, who died in Dunedin in 1868. In 1832 and 1834, stations were started on Dusky Bay. Other stations were situated at various points along the coast, at Aparima (Jacob's River), Oreti (New River), Awarua (the Bluff), Toistoi (Mataura), Waikawa (Catlin's River), Matau (Molyneux), Moturta Island (Taieri Mouth), Otakou (Otago Heads), Purakanui, Waikouaiti, and Moeraki.
The station at the Otago Heads was owned by Geroge and Edward Weller, of Sydney, who also owned Moturata, off the Taieri, Between 1830 and 1840 they employed from seventy to eighty Europeans at a time; and this nucleus of a European settlement was constantly recruited from the American, French, and English whalers and sealers that worked the New Zealand coasts.
Books like “Old New Zealand” and E. J. Wakefield's “Adventures in New Zealand,” will give some idea of the type of man represented by these
The Waikouaiti station belonged to Messrs Long, Wright, and Richards, of Sydney; but these were bought out by Mr. John Jones, who, by 1839, controlled most of the whaling stations from Riverton to Moeraki. Mr. Isaac Haberfield, who first came to Otago in 1836, says that on his arrival there were between 2000 and 3000 natives settled at Otago Heads. At Purakanui there were about 500 more, and Mr. Haberfield says that he had seen as many as twelve large double canoes in Otago Harbour at once. The old Maori settlements on the upper harbour, however, had already been deserted; for the remnants of the Ngaitahu and Ngatimamoe had long since been broken into scattered bands, attracted to various spots along the coast by the allurements of the whaling stations. The natives were then, as always, on good terms with the whites, and many of the best whalers on the coast were Maoris and half castes. But the vices of civilisation, along with measles and other imported disorders, soon decimated the Maoris who came in contact with the whalers.
A few of the white setters in those carly days were not whalers; while some were both whalers and merchants, like Messrs G. and E. Weller, of Sydney and Otakou, and Mr. Jones, of Waikouaiti. Perhaps the best known of all the early settlers, Mr. Jones was a man of great practical ability and natural shrewdness; and he soon grew wealthy on whaling. Oil was worth £40 a tun in the Australian market, but the whalers were paid only £12 a tun, and that chiefly in “trade.” They got clothes and porvisions, but, above all and most especially, rum, which was supplied on the spot; so that the employers profited far more than those who risked their lives at the work. With the wealth thus acquired Mr. John Jones bought large areas of land from the natives, at one time claming a huge block between the Waikouaiti and Pleasant rivers.
It was characteristic of Mr. Jones that he saw the material advantage to be gained by instilling some moral principles into his employees; and he applied to the Sydney Methodist Church to send over missionaries to preach to the Maoris and whalers. The Rev. J. Watkins was sent over in 1840, and was succeeded by the Rev. C. Creed. “Johnny” Jones found, however, that the missionaries did their work too well; for the first Otago settlers observed that even the most dissolute “beach-combers'' lifted their hats to Mr, Creed, and Mr, Jones complained that his best men would not work on Sundays. He was himself a man of great force of character, devoted to his own way of thinking and accustomed to take it; and his virtues and failings alike qualified him to play a prominent part among the men who surrounded him. He lived on till 1869, and his muscular figure, with tall silk hat and black coat, were well known to all the early settlers brought out under the auspices of the Otago Association.
Another name familiar in the early days was that of the Palmers, Edward and William. They were whalers, famous for their skill and courage all along the coast. In the early fifties, Edward Palmer often came into Dunedin from the Taieri, wearing the silk hat and the broadcloth of civilisation. His brother settled at Henley, and married, first, a Maori, and then a half-caste. His first wife bore nine, and his second, thirteen children. William Palmer died on the 27th of March, 1903, aged ninety years. Another whaling hero was Tommy Chasland, famed throughout every whaling station in the island for his marvellous exploits and adventures. The manager of one of the Weller's stations, Octavius Harwood, was said by Dr. Hocken to be living at Portobello in 1898.
When the “Deborah” came down from Wellington to Otakou in 1844 to settle the site for New Edinburgh, it brought along with Mr Tuckett, the surveyor, the Rev. Charles Creed, who came to replace Mr. Watkin at Waikouaiti, and the Rev. J. G. H. Wohlers, a Moravian missionary, who settled in Ruapuke, and laboured for forty-three years among the Maoris. Waikouaiti was by that time a flourishing settlement—possibly the most prosperous in New Zealand. The European population numbered about 100, the Maori somewhat more; all dependent in some way upon the inevitable Mr. John Jones. At the Molyneux Mr. John Jones had purchased another block of land and sent down George Willsher as his agent, the settler after whom Willsher Bay—incorrectly spelt Wiltshire—is named. Willsher and Russell, who puchased from “Johnny” Jones, were permanently settled at the Molyneux, and added to the small scattered band of white men who found a home in the colony before the advent of regular settlement.
Mr. Tuckett's mission, after various umpromising episodes, resulted in the purchase of the Otago Block from the natives in 1845. Meantime a few brave pioneers had already been drawn by fair prospects laid before them to risk the voyage from Scotland to a distant and unknown land. In December, 1844, Mr. James Anderson with his son John, and Mr. Alexander Mackay, with their wives, removed from Wellington and Nelson to Koputai (Port Chalmers). The Andersons settled in the little bay that still bears their name; Mackay opened a hotel that was long famous at the Port. In the Dunedin district at the time there were only two Europeans, who were sailors engaged in hunting wild pigs. In 1846 these lonely colonists were surprised by the arrival of the surveyors—Mr. Kettle and party, who were to begin work on behalf of the Otago Association. Mr. Kettle settled first at Koputai, and later in Dunedin, and his eldest daughter—the first female white child born in Dunedin—afterwards Mrs James Macassey—was born there on the 3rd of March, 1847. The work of surveying the block drew to Otago a number of labourers, and a few surveyors whose names—Park, Abbot, Davison, Wells, Jollie, Pelichet—are well known in early Otago history.
From this brief sketch it is evident that there was no regularly organised settlement in Otago before the arrival of the colonists led by Captain Cargill and the Rev. Thomas Burns. Yet there were of whalers, sealers, and casual settlers at Port Chalmers nearly 100 men, women, and children; and the pilot, Richard Driver, found his duties far from nominal, even before the arrival of the “John Wycliffe.” At Moeraki there seems to have been from twelve to fifteen Europeans, including Isaac Haberfield, the earliest settler of all; and at Waikouaiti, in addition to the Rev, Charles Creed and his family, and Mr. John Jones and his numerous household,
There seems to be considerable doubt as to the exact dimensions of the settlement of Otago in its infancy. The first records of the population may be gathered from the notes made by Mr. Burns during his first clerical visitation. From this is record it appears that during 1848–9, there were in the district eighty-eight houses containing ninety-three families, or 444 souls. In addition, there was an aboriginal population in the Otago Block of 166 Maoris. But before the end of the year at least 150 new colonists arrived. By March, 1849, according to Mr. Monson's figures, there were 444 residents iu Dunedin and thirty-eight at Port Chalmers; while a country population of 263 brought up the total for the settlement to 745. The live stock included thirty-five horses, 357 grazing cattle, 2340 sheep, and 132 swine. Forty-three acres of land had been cropped; and the total value of the houses and household property in Otago was estimated at nearly £10,000.
By the second anniversary of the settlement, the population of the province was 1182, living in 202 houses. About 220 acres were under cultivation, and 317 acres fenced in. The stock comprised 921 cattle, 3408 sheep, and 732 pigs. The first official census was taken in 1851, and the returns show a population within the Otago Block of 1452, 805 males and 647 females; outside the Block, 189 males and 99 females; in all 1740 persons, 994 males and 746 females. Within the Block 1036 acres had been enclosed; outside the Block, 113 acres. There were 333 acres laid down in wheat, twenty-eight acres in barley, 267 acres in oats, 237 acres in potatoes, and 168 acres in grass. The stock list includes 241 horses, 2954 cattle, 2309 pigs, and 33,932 sheep.
A contrast between these figures and the record of Otago's Jubilee year is suffciently instructive. By 1898 Dunedin had a population of 48,000. The unimproved value of Otage land was estimated at £15,270,154; the improvements
The gold export of the colony at the same period was about 264,000 ounees, valued at £1,042,000, of which Otago clamed a large share; for since 1857, Otago has produced in all nearly six million ounees of gold, valued at over twenty-three millions sterling. In every department of production and industry Otage has taken a leading place; and the rapidity of her growth is as remarkable as her prosperity seems likely to be permanent.
Another proof of the rapidity of Otago's expansion may be found by a reference to the shipping returns. In 1857, when the population of Dunedin was 890, the value of imports was £65,401, of exports £22,908; while the Customs revenue was £8218. In 1860 the imports had risen to £325,162, the exports to £80,268, and the Customs revenue to £31,769. The returns for 1861, after the gold discoveries, show a marvellous expansion; imports £859,733, exports £844,149, Customs revenue £93,199. Succeeding years show no such sudden change, but a steady growth and advance. By 1887 imports had risen to £1,721,840; exports, £1,901,661; Customs duties, £309,584. This rate of progress has not been maintained to the present time. Between 1891 and 1901 the value of Otago's annual imports did indeed rise from £1,758,406 to £2,587,944. But in 1901 the value of exports from Dunedin had fallen from £1,478,071 in 1900, to £1,463,237—a decrease of £14,834. But it must be added that this was much the smallest decrease in exports from any of the great provincial ceatres. Between 1900 and 1901 there was a falling off of £33,442 at Lyttelton, £145,569 at Auckland, and £401,432 at Wellington. Besides, it must be remembered that Invercargill and the Bluff are now Otago perts; and there the export returns rose from £741,750 in 1900 to £1,005,278 in 1901. Taking the provincial district as a whole, the continuous progress in trade seems well maintained, and this is the more remarkable when contrasted with the marked decline at other centres.
As a further proof of the substantial nature of Otago's prosperity the increase in land values in the district during the last decade should be called in evidence. At the date of the latest returns (March,
The Otago land district covers a considerably larger area than the Otago provincial district, as an area of about 500,000 acres was detached from the south-west of Canterbury, and added to Otago, for the purpose of the present system of administration. As now constituted, the Otago land district lies between the 44th and 47th parallels of south latitude, and extends from 167 degrees 21 minutes to 171 degrees 10 minutes of east longitude. The distance from Milford Sound on the West Coast to Waikouaiti Bay on the East Coast, is about 160 miles, and the length of the district from north to south is also about 160 miles. It is bounded on the north by the Canterbury and Westland districts; on the south-east and south by the Pacific ocean; on the west and south by the Southland boundary, Foveaux Strait and the Pacific ocean, on the east coast, by the mouth of the Waitaki river, and on the west coast by Big Bay, where the Westland boundary also reaches the sea, from the extreme northern limit of Otago. The total area of the Otago land district is 9,482,800 acres.
The Southland land district, including the counties of Southland, Wallace, Fiord, and Stewart Island, lies between south latitude 45 degrees and 47 degrees, and between east longitude 166 degrees 15 minutes and 169 degrees 15 minutes. But the limits of Southland are, for administrative purposes, extended by the inclusion of the Snares, Auckland, Enderby, Campbell, Antipodes, Bounty, and all other islands within the limits of the colony south of 47 degrees south latitude. The boundary of Southland, starting from Foveaux Strait, a little west of Chasland's Mistake, runs north-west by the upper valley of the Mataura, strikes Lake Wakatipu at its southern end near Kingston, follows the lake almost up to the latitude of Queenstown (45 degrees south latitude), and then strikes nearly due west towards the ocean, which it reaches at George Sound. The extreme length north and south, from Lake Wakatipu to the Bluff, is about 130 miles; the maximum breadth is about 140 miles. Including Stewart Island, but excluding the outlying islands just enumerated, as well as Solander, Ruapuke and others in Foveaux Strait, the area of Southland is 6,966,592 acres, of which Stewart Island covers about 425,390 acres. The total area of Otago and Southland, taken collectively, is thus about 16,449,400 acres, or about two-fifths of the area of the South Island.
The provincial district of Southland was of much smaller extent than the present land district. It was bounded on the east from Eyre Peak by the Mataura river to its outlet in Foveaux Strait; on the west by the Waiau river from Lake Manapouri to Tewaewae Bay; and on the north by a line drawn
The coast line of Otago varies greatly in character. On the west from Awarua Point, the southern extremity of Westland, to Windsor Point, in the extreme south-west, the coast is broken up into a succession of deep inlets, which in their structure, the proximity of the mountains to the sea, and the magnificence of their scenic effects may be compared with the Fiords of Norway. The thirteen sounds—Milford, Bligh, and George Sounds, Doubtful Inlet, Dusky Bay, Chalky and Preservation Inlets—with their dense forests and towering snow clad heights, will receive more attention in a later section. From Windsor Point to Tewaewae Bay, along Foveaux Strait, the coast is unbroken, and the south coast of Southland province for about eighty miles is a low flat beach. The east coast of Otago is very different in character from the west. Starting from the mouth of the Waitaki, a long line of beach backed by low hills, leads south towards Otago Harbour, where the coast is broken by the deep and picturesque inlet, on which the capital of the province is built. Below Cape Saunders the coast is again smooth, and the country behind it low lying till the Clutha is reached. Between the Clutha and the Mataura the seaboard is more broken and rugged, and the shore is comparatively steep. But on the whole no stronger geographical contrast could be imagined than that suggested by a comparison between the east and west coasts of Otago.
Otago may be described generally as a mountainous country. Even towards the east coast there are considerable hills, but the country becomes far more broken and rugged towards the west and north-west. A series of parallel chains running approximately north and south separates the basins of the chief rivers and forms the watersheds of the lake country. The mountains that radiate from the southern extremity of the Southern Alps culminate in Mount Aspiring, 9960 feet above sea level, at
A general idea of the accessibility of the mountain districts may be gained by observing the distances traversed along the main tourist routes. Starting from Dunedin, the traveller may reach the Lakes by three main routes. He may go by rail the whole way to Kingston, at the foot of Lake Wakatipu—174 miles. He may take the train to Lawrence (fifty-four miles), and then go on by coach through Roxburgh, Alexandra, Clyde, and Cromwell, 131 miles. He may take the Otago Central to Kokonga (seventy-four miles), and then take coach to either Wanaka or Wakatipu—129 miles each. A combined journey by rail and coach, of from 175 to 200 miles, thus carries the tourist into the heart of the Alpine country, where the wonders of glacier, icefield mountain lake, and waterfall outrival even the boasted glories of Switzerland. Under the head of tourist excursions, more detailed information will be given as to the ways and means of reaching the Lakes and the Fiords.
In spite of its extremely broken character, Otago contains a considerable expanse of level country, and many wide and fertile valleys lie between the numerous ranges of hills. The Upper Clutha valley, thirty-three miles by five miles; the Manuherikia valley between the Raggedy Range and the Dunstan Mountains, thirty-five miles by four miles; the Idaburn valley, west of Naseby, twenty-five miles by four miles; the Maniototo plain on the Upper Taieri, twenty-eight miles by ten miles, are the chief stretches of plain on the interior. Near the coast the Taieri plain, a reclaimed swamp, which is about the size of the Idaburn valley, is famed for its fertility. The Waitaki plains along the northern border, the Tokomairiro plains, south of the Taieri, the Strath Taieri, the Tapanui, in the Clutha valley, and the alluvial tract of Inch-Clutha, lying between the arms of the Clutha river, Include some of the best agricultural and pastoral land in the South Island. South of the Clutha, towards the sea, there is a good deal of down country, rising and failling well adapted for sheep.
In Southland the valleys through which the numerous rivers run generally widen out into broad flats, which often merit the title of plains. The Mataura, Oreti, Waiau, and Aparima, with their tributaries, all run through alluvial flats of this nature. Apart from these river valleys, there is in the south and centre, a considerable area of open tussock land in its natural state, and a large extent of marsh land, interspersed here and there with peat-bogs. In the interior the chief plains are the Waimea plain, north of the Hokonui hills; Five Rivers plain, at the foot of the Eyre Mountains; and the Taringatura and Wairaki Downs.
The principal river in Otago, and the largest in the colony is the Clutha (Clyde), named Molyneux by Captain Cook, but renamed by the settlers in memory of the great Scottish waterway. It forms the outlet for the waters of Lakes Hawea, Wanaka, and Wakatipu. Its principal sources are the Makarora and Hunter, which rise in the Southern Alps not far south of Mount Cook, and help to form Lakes Hawea and Wanaka. The united outlets from these lakes form the main stream of the Clutha. On its right bank it receives the Kawarau, which drains Lake Wakatipu, and the smaller streams Cardrona and Pomahaka. On the left bank it is fed by the Manuherikia, Lindis, Tuapeka, and Waitahuna. Though only about 150 miles in length, the Clutha discharges an immense volume of water into the ocean; some authorities fix the actual amount at 1,600,000 cubic feet per minute, which surpasses the outflow of the Nile, and is about sixteen times that of the Thames. But the rapidity of its fall, the speed of the current, and the broken nature of its bed, render the Clutha useless for navigation over a considerable portion of its course. Small steamers run up about forty miles from the mouth. The Waitaki, the boundary stream between Otago and Canterbury, is not navigable. It is more strictly a Canterbury stream, as the Tasman, its main source, rises in the glaciers near Mount Cook; and it drains the great Canterbury Lakes Tekapo, Pukaki, and Ohau. Otago is a well watered province, but apart from such streams as the Waikouaiti, Waihemo, and Catlins, the only other river of importance is the Taieri, which drains some of the finest agricultural land in the colony, and reaches the sea, after a most circuitous course, about twenty miles south of Dunedin.
In Southland the rivers are numerous and important. The Waiau, which
The general character of the rivers of Otago and Southland is very different from that of the Canterbury rivers. The Clutha and its tributaries are practically
The important harbours of the province are situated on the east and south coasts. The thirteen Sounds on the west coast are in most cases magnificent harhours, but as the country is partially unexplored, and unfit for close settlement, the inlets in that quarter have no commercial importance. On the east coast, starting from the Waitaki and following the coastline south for fifteen miles, the first harbour met is that of Oamaaru. Naturally an open and not a particularly safe roadstead, it has been converted by a breakwater into a flourishing port. Twenty miles further on is Moeraki harbour, with the town of Hampden in its neighbourhood. On Otago harbour, running almost due south, are built Port Chalmers and Dunedin. On Molyneux Bay, about a mile from the entrance, is Port Molyneux. At the mouth of Catlins river there is a harbour for small vessels. Waikawa harbour, in the extreme south of the province, can accommodate ships drawing as much as twenty feet of water. At the mouth of the Mataura is Toitoi harbour, which is unsafe, and has a dangerous bar.
In Southland the chief port is Invercargill, connected with Bluff harbour by a railway seventeen miles in length. The harbour is to some extent sheltered from the southerly winds and seas that are characteristic of these latitudes; and is of great importance as being the nearest New Zealand port to Melbourne and Tasmania. The only other Southland harbour of any pretensions to importance is that of Riverton, into which the Aparima (Jacob's river) falls. On the whole, the coast of Otago and Southland is by no means well supplied with harbours; for the magnificent sheets of unfathomable water along the iron-bound Fiord country are useless to commerce, because the country behind them is practically uninhabitable.
The great lakes of Otago and Southland are all of practically the same character. They lie in hollows, partially or wholly excavated by glacial action, and are generally very deep. Lakes Wanaka, Wakatipu, and Hawea, drained by the Clutha, lie in the northern half of Otago. Lake Te Anau lies chiefly in Southland, in the Fiord country, and Lake Manapouri to the south of Te Anau; both are drained by the river Waiau. Among minor lakes in the Alpine regions may be noted Hakapoua, Hauroto, Poteriteri, Mararoa—still some times misnamed Mavora—and Monowai. The only lake of any importance close to the east coast is Waihola Lake, near the mouth of the Taieri. The largest of all these lakes is Te Anau. It is about thirty-eight miles long, and from one to six miles in breadth. Its total area is 132 square miles. Its mean height above sea level is 694 feet, but as its depth is at least 1350 feet, its bottom is 600 feet below ocean level. It has a coast line of 250 miles. Except along a small portion of the east side, it is surrounded by magnificent thickly wooded mountains. The track to Milford Sound by Sutherland Falls is only thirtythree miles long, but the direct distance to the West Coast from Te Anau is in many places considerably less. Lake Manapouri, though the smallest of all the great lakes, is generally regarded as the most beautiful. The Cathedral Peaks (5134 feet) to the north, the Matterhorns (4858 feet) on the west, and the Hunter range on the south, are a fit setting for this picturesque sheet of water. Manaponri is only twelve miles by coach road from Te Anau, and only thirteen miles by track from Deep Cove, at the head of Smith Sound. Lake Wakatipu, the best known of the Alpine lakes, is 1069 feet below the level, but as its depth is about 1300 feet, the bottom is about 250 feet below the level of the ocean. Its length is fifty-four miles, breadth from one to three miles and a half, and its total area about 114 square miles. The mountains around it—the Remarkables, for instance—are singularly bare and rugged, but no one has ever questioned its claim to be regarded as one of the grandest spectacles to be seen in New Zealand. Lake Wanaka is about seventy-five miles direct from Wakatipu (measuring from Queens-town to Makarora, head of Lake Wanaka). The scenery here is of a much softer character, as the hills are well wooded. Wanaka is from thirty to thirty-five miles in length, and from one to three miles in breadth; it lies at 926 feet above sea level, and its depth is 1085 feet. The area is calculated at from seventy-five to eighty square miles. Lake Hawea, about ten miles off, is a smaller and less picturesque sheet of water. It is about nineteen miles long by three in breadth, with an area of forty - eight square miles. It lies 134 feet higher than Wanaka, and its depth
But with respect to Te Anau and Manapouri, these distances will be considerably shortened, as tracks are cut and cleared for tourists.
The forest land lies mostly along the sea coast. Otago and Southland lie in what has been termed the southern redpine district; that is to say, the predominating tree is the rimu. Other woods of commercial and industrial value are kahikatea or white pine, miro, matai, totara, hinau, pahautea or cedar, and the southern rata. This last attains great dimensions in the Tautuku forest, the most important and extensive bush in Otago. It is about forty miles long and fifteen miles broad, and lies on the border line of Southland and Otago. The other principal forest areas are north of Dunedin, east of the Tapanui mountains, in the Clutha valley, in the upper Waikaia valley, and towards the north-west coast. In this last, and generally in the mountain region of Otago and Southland, the prevailing tree is the beech, the tawhai of the Maoris, and the birch of the settlers. Between the 1000 and 4000 feet levels, the beech is the characteristic forest tree all over the South Island. The rimu and kahikatea are often found above a thousand feet, yet they rarely grow to perfection; while on the other hand, the beeches, though they grow occasionally in considerable quantities on the sea level, are at their best above 1000 feet. The tooth-leaved beech (black birch) is in these regions the most valuable of all the forest trees. It is found of large size and in extraordinary luxuriance round Lake Te Anau. The silver beech and entire-leaved beech (tawhai) are found as far south as the Tautuku forest and Preservation Inlet. None of the beeches reach so far south as Stewart Island, which is in many parts covered with a dense growth of rimu and rata.
A great deal of the timber in Otago and Southland, especially in the dense forests of the Fiord country, is not likely to be available during the present gene ration for commercial purposes, as the country is, from the sawmiller's point of view, at present quite impracticable. A certain amount of bush, especially in Southland, has been already cleared away; but it will never be worth the trouble to cut out most of the magnificent forests that form one of the chief glories of the Alpine wonderland. In Southland, including Stewart Island, about 500,000 acres are still bush covered; but the bush land at present suitable for commercial purposes lies around Forest Hill, Hokonui, and Waikawa, and in Stewart Island.
In the original scheme of the Otago settlement it was arranged that one-fourth of the £2 per acre paid for land was to be expended in surveys and roads. In no part of the colony was such expenditure more urgently required. The site of Dunedin and its immediate surroundings were hidden under an unbroken expanse of forest. To blaze a track a mile in length through the tangled undergrowth, took even a good bushman eight hours' hard work. So great were the difficulties to be encountered that no one need wonder at the hesitation of the pioneers, who for some years feared to undertake the work of road-making on anything like a large scale. In 1851, when Mr. E. J. Wakefield visited Dunedin three years after its settlement, he found that there was still no coast road along the harbour from the capital to Port Chalmers. Mr. Wakefield, supporting Mr. Macandrew, urged strongly that this work should be at once undertaken. But a preliminary estimate fixed the cost at £600 per mile, or over £500 in all; and the infant settlement could not afford the outlay. At the same time, the necessity for opening up the interior was daily becoming more apparent. The condition of the primitive tracks can be imagined by those who have been compelled to try the so-called “roads” in the wildest parts of the North Island. In 1850 it took three days to drag a plough from Dunedin to Waihola. There
The principal railway lines are (1) Dunedin-Christchurch, 230 miles, of which about 138 miles lie north of the Waitaki in Canterbury. From this main line several branches diverge: Oamaru to Hakataramea, forty-three miles, Oamaru to Ngapara and Tokarahi, twenty-five miles, Palmerston to Dunback, nine miles. (2) Dunedin-Invercargill, 139 miles, with branches—Mosgiel to Outram, nine miles; Milton to Lawrence, twenty-four miles, Stirling to Kaitangata, five miles, Balclutha to Owaka, eighteen miles, Waipahi to Heriot, twenty miles. (3) Otago Central from Wingatui to Ida Valley, ninety-eight miles.
From various points on these lines, minor lines and roads diverge in such a way as to connect closely all the towns and districts in the province. From Kurow, the terminus of the branch line from Oamaru, the road runs along the course of the Waitaki to a point beyond the Rugged Ridges, then crosses the Ahuriri Pass, and so up Longslip Creek to the Lindis Saddle, 172 miles from Dunedin. Here begins the descent into the Clutha valley, by way of Morven bills. The road runs up the Clutha valley through settled farming country to Pembroke on Lake Wanaka. It is 223 miles by this route from Dunedin. Another way of getting to the heart of Central Otago is by the Clutha valley. Two miles beyond Milton on the Tokomairiro plain, a branch line starts from Clarkville Junction and runs up as far as Lawrence, sixty miles from Dunedin. From this famous gold-mining centre, a coach road runs to Beaumont on the Clutha, then up along the course of the river, past well-known dredging ground, to Roxburgh; ninety-six miles from Dunedin. The road re-crosses the Clutha to the left bank, and passing Alexandra and Clyde (the Dunstan) reaches the junction of the Kawarau with the Clutha at Cromwell. From this point the road divides, one branch leading up the Clutha to Newcastle and Pembroke on Lake Wanaka, the other passing through the Kawarau Gorge up to Queenstown on Lake Wakatipu. In the south of Otago, the Catlins-Waikawa road has helped the Owaka-Balclutha line to open up the Tautuku bush district, in which a large amount of land is being eagerly taken up by settlers.
Peculiar importance attaches to the Otago Central railway, as it has been the subject of heated controversy, and the funds for its construction have been obtained at various times only after
The case for the Otago Central is graphically expressed in the various circulars that have been issued at times by the Central Railway League. One important reason urged for the prosecution of this work is the fact that an area of 3,500,000 acres of land available for settlement will be opened up within fifteen miles of the line. Over a large portion of Central Otago carriage freights are absolutely prohibitive; yet here many settlers took up land years ago, induced by the promise that the line would speedily be laid, and here they are still, isolated from the coast and unable to reach their natural markets. The first sod of the Otago Central railway was turned by Mr. Vincent Pyke so long ago as June, 1879; and in the intervening twenty-three years only 100 miles of the line have been finished; less than five miles a year. Yet Central Otago includes large areas of valuable agricultural land; and it has been pronounced by Signor Bragato, the Government viticulturist, and Mr. Blackmore, the Government pomologist, to be specially adapted for cultivating and preserving fruit. The mineral wealth of Central Otago needs no advertisement; and, in fact, all that the country requires to develop its great natural resources is an influx of settlers, who would assuredly follow the railway. The necessary increase of traffic and export would of course be a great gain to Dunedin, which is the natural outlet of the whole district; but the promoters of the line hold that great ultimate benefits would accrue to the colony as a whole, through the exploitation of mineral and agricultural wealth, and the facilitation of the already extensive and lucrative tourist traffic. Hitherto the portion of the line opened has paid even better than was anticipated; and though the prophecy of an extension over the Haast Saddle to Westland in the distant future sounds rather visionary, yet most Otagans are disposed to agree that “no great development or settlement of Central Otago is possible without the previous construction of the Central railway.”
The Public Works Statement for 1902 affords some interesting information as to the extension of the railway system in Otago. In 1901, £103,273 was expended on the Otago Central line; in 1902 a vote of £100,000 was proposed. Considerable progress had been made with the heavy tunnel work in the Poolburn Gorge beyond the Ida valley; and the cylinders for the bridge over the Manuherikia were being sunk. Work on the Heriot extension and the Catlins river-Seaward bush lines, was progressing rapidly. The total votes for Otago and Southland railways for the year 1902— £139,000—gave evidence of progressive internal development in these districts.
In addition to these lines, there are several extensions already projected which should ultimately prove of great importance to the colony. When the Otago Central finally reaches Clyde, it is proposed to extend it north to Gladstone or Lake Hawea. The line to Lawrence will be continued to Dunkeld, and thence, in all probability, to Rox-burgh, which will be connected by another line with the Heriot extension from Clinton and Gore. The Catlins river line is expected to open up all the country a little way back from the coast, from Glenomaru and Owaka to Waimahaka and Glenham. Apparently there is enough work in these projected lines to account for the public works votes for Otago and Southland for many years to come.
The Otago land district is divided into fifteen counties—Lake, Vineent, Waitaki, Maniototo, Waihemo, Waikouaiti, Taieri, Peninsula, Bruce, Tuapeka, Clutha, Southland, Wallace, Fiord, and Stewart Island; the last four being included in the old provincial district of Southland.
The local administration in towns is carried on by municipal councils; and the following is a list of the boroughs and towns: Oamaru, Hampden, Palmerston South, Hawksbury, Port Chalmers, North East Valley, Maori Hill, West Harbour, Dunedin, Roslyn, Mornington, Caversham, St. Kilda, South Dunedin, Green Island (the last ten forming the city and suburbs of Dunedin), Mosgiel, Milton, Kaitangata, Balclutha, Lawrence, Roxburgh, Tapanui, Naseby, Cromwell, Alexandra, Arrow-town, Queenstown, Gore, Mataura, Winton, Invercargill, North Invercargill, South Invercargill, East Invercargill, Avenal, Gladstone, Campbelltown, Riverton (the last eleven being situated in Southland provincial district). The town districts are small rural centres of population, governed by town boards, with powers similar to those of the borough councils. These are Greytown (Allanton), Outram, Clinton, Wyndham, and Otautau.
The road boards administer the affairs of such districts as are not included in towns, boroughs, and town districts, and do not come immediately under the authority of the county councils. In the following counties there are no road districts: Waihemo, Waitaki, Waikouaiti, Taieri, Clutha, Tuapeka, Maniototo, Vincent, Lake, Wallace, Fiord, and Stewart Island. In Peninsula county there are four road districts: Otago Heads, Peninsula, Portobello, and Tomahawk; in Bruce there are three; Balmoral, Inch-Clutha, and Mount Stuart; and in Southland there are three: Knapdale, Oteramika, Tuturan.
River boards in certain districts perform the important duty of providing against floods by constructing embankments and planting trees and willows, so as to withstand the aggressions of the rivers. In a country so well watered as Otago, especially as many of the streams are snow-fed, and are peculiarly liable to floods, such work is of extreme importance to the welfare of the rural districts. The most important river boards are: Clive, Clutha, Dipton, Henley, Inch-Clutha, Makarewa, Hedgehope, West Taieri, and Winton. These boards levy rates locally and expend their funds in protective works to save their districts from loss by floods.
The marine commerical interests of Otago are watched over by several harbour boards. The Otago Harbour Board (revenue £71,000) controls the shipping facilities of Dunedin and Port Chalmers. The Oamaru Harbour Board (revenue £15,000) looks after the shipping of the northern districts. Other harbour boards are: Fortrose (Southland County Council), New River, Riverton—all in Southland, and all helping to develop the great natural resources of the southern portion of the island.
Each electoral district in the province is a licensing district as provided by the Alcoholic Liquor Sale Control Act of 1893; by the Amendment Act of 1895 the Licensing poll is taken at the same time as the general election of members to the House of Representatives.
In the scheme of the Otago Association it was provided that one-eighth of the proceeds of the land sales, in the new settlement, should be set apart for “religious and educational uses,” under the control of trustees acting on behalf of the Otago Presbyterian church. But this education fund was not paid over to the trustees in cash. It was invested in land, the purchase of which thus became a permanent endowment for the Otago churches and schools. When the New Zealand Company came to an end in 1852, the trustees had acquired about 1325 acres in town, rural and suburban sections. The original price of these allotments was about £2650; but by 1887 they were returning an annual rental of nearly £5000. In 1866 the Presbyterian Church Lands Ordinance, passed by the Provincial Council, arranged that one-third of these trust funds should be employed in endowing chairs in the Otago University. Thus a chair in Mental Science was established in 1871. a chair of English Language and Literature in 1881, and a chair of Natural Philosophy in 1884. But in the meantime, from the first establishment of responsible government, the colonists had made strenuous efforts to provide for the proper education of their childern. In 1853, the Superintendent, during the first session of the Council, brought the question of education prominently to the front; and in 1854 it was resolved that a grammar school or academy should be provided for Dunedin, and that a teacher for this school, at not more than £300 per annum, a superior female teacher at £100, a teacher for Port Chalmers, at £100, and three other teachers at £100 each, should be at once imported. In 1856 an Education Ordinance constituted an Education Board and several school districts with their committees. The salaries of teachers were to be defrayed by a poll-tax of not more than 20s; but this regulation was never enforced, and the cost of the schools was met out of ordinary provincial revenue, supplemented by the school fees, and local subscriptions. As to religious instruction, the committee appointed certain times for teaching of this type by the schoolmaster, but a “conscience clause” was inserted for children whose parents or guardians might object to this kind of training. It is worth adding that this 1856 ordinance contained the first provision made in the colony for the higher education of women. In 1861 another important ordinance advanced educational matters another step. Five additional teachers had now been brought out from Home; there were eighteen schools in the province with twenty teachers and an average attendance of 560 scholars; while between 1856 and 1861 over £12,500 had been expended by the Provincial Government on educational purposes. In 1861, Dr Hislop was appointed Inspector of Schools, and provision was made for the speedy establishment of a High School at Dunedin. Another
In 1877 the Education Act was passed by the Colonial Parliament, and the free, secular and compulsory principle that it instituted, has been maintained throughout the colony ever since. Otago was divided into two educational districts, Otago proper and Southland; and the subsequent educational history of these districts consists merely in the administration of the Colonial Act. The extent of this duty may be surmised from the fact that in 1875 over £28,000 was spent on education in Otago, with £25,000 extra in building and repairs.
Only primary education has been hitherto dealt with in this sketch. It has been seen that as early as 1856, an attempt was made to provide a High School for Dunedin on the lines of the Scotch Burgh Schools, in which there are departments for both primary and secondary education, and both sexes are taught together. But it was not till 1861 that Mr. Macandrew's Bill, giving effect to this resolution, was passed.
The school was opened in 1863, and in spite of the deplorable calamity that deprived it of its first Principal before it was opened, the young institution soon made headway. A succession of able and energetic headmasters, among whom may be specially mentioned Dr Macdonald (1878–1886), Dr Belcher, and the present Rector, Mr. Alexander Wilson, have helped to place the Dunedin Boys' High School in the very highest rank among the secondary schools of the colony. Immediately after the opening of the Boys' High School a movement was started to provide a similar institution for the training of girls. The success of this movement was due largely to the energy of Mrs E. B. Cargill, Miss Dalrymple and a committee of the ladies of Otago, who took the matter in hand. The school was opened in 1871, and its career under its successive Principals— Mrs Burn, Mr. Alexander Wilson, and Miss Allman-Marchant—has been one of uninterrupted success.
The foundation of the District High School system was laid in 1869, when the Grammar School Ordinance was passed. This act converted into secondary schools the upper divisions of the main district schools at Tokomairiro, Lawrence, Port Chalmers and Oamaru. The same year witnessed the constitution of the University of Otago, the first University established in New Zealand. It is noticeable that a special provision was introduced into the act to exclude the imposition of any “religious test” in connection with the University. The institution was endowed with large land reserves and had every prospect of a successful future. In 1874, however, it was affiliated to the newly founded New Zealand University; and 10,000 acres which had been reserved for a University in Southland were consequently vested in the Otago University. A School of Medicine was established in connection with the University in 1875, and a School of Mines in 1877. If it were remarkable for no other fact, the Otago University should be remembered as the first British University that admitted women on the same footing as men.
In 1869 there was fouded the Caversham Industrial School for the education of criminal and neglected children. The intellectual training of the most helpless and least promising members of the community has been conducted here for many years with great success. In 1870 the School of Arts and Sciences was opened under the supervision of Mr. David Hutton. In the School of Art instruction is given to High School pupils, to pupil teachers, and primary school teachers, and to evening pupils unconnected with schools; and it has been from the start an unqualified success. Further proof of the importance attached in Otago to education in all its branches can be found in the popularity of the Technical Classes Associatiton, which was founded in 1888. Classes in English, Classic, Mathematics and other subjects were taken by the Rev. Rutherford Waddell, Rev. A. R. Fitchett, Mr. G. M. Thomson, and others, and have been largely attended.
A good idea of the extent of the educational system in Otago and the degree of success that it has attained can be gathered from a valuable paper contributed to the Jubilee Number of the Dunedin “Evening Star,” by Sir Robert Stout. This article shows that in 1896 the total number of schools under the Otago Board was 218 and under the Southland Board 140; a total of 358 schools for the old provincial district. In Otago there were 554 teachers, in Southland 241. The average daily attendance was—Southland, 7851; Otago, 19,502. The total expenditure of the Education Boards for the year was—Otago, £87,946 (over £63,000 in salaries); Southland, £33,860 (about £26,000 in salaries). In addition to the schools administered by the Board, there were thirty-six private schools, with 103 teachers, and over 2000 pupils. Even the Maoris had not been neglected, for there were three Native Schools with 131 scholars. One important practical result of all this exertion and expenditure on education is that nearly 97 per cent, of the adult population of Otago can read and write: a state of things which shows that the founders of the settlement and the education system have not discredited their national enthusiasm for intellectual training.
The position of educational matters at the present time is quite as satis-factory as their auspicious inauguration might lead the observer to expect. There were in Otago, at the close of 1901, 218 primary schools, with 484 teachers, attended on the average by 17,544 scholars daily. In Southland there were 140 schools, with a working average of 7910, with 240 teachers. In Otago there were eight district High Schools—at Balclutha, Lawrence, Tokomairiro, Palmerston, Hampden, Mosgiel, Tapanuia and Port Chalmers—while steps were being taken to establish another at Naseby. The Normal School, which dates its useful and successful career from 1876, trained twenty-nine teachers for work in the primary schools. At the School of Art 443 students were instructed; technical instruction was provided by the Board by means of special classes for modelling and kindergarten work. The Technical Classes Association, to which reference has already been made, keeps up its good work in Dunedin, Waiwera and Invercargill; the average attendance at these three centres being over 400.
The main work of the education system is of course conducted in the city schools of Dunedin where the Caversham, Union Street, Albany Street, Arthur Street, Normal, Forbury, High Street, Kaikorai and George Street schools average from 500 to nearly 700 scholars daily. The total amount expended by the Otago Board on education in 1901 was about £76,100, or a little less than the North Canterbury expenditure for the same period. Of this sum about £1276 was spent in scholarships, awarded on the result of the Board examinations, to primary school pupils. The Otago Board now awards eight scholarships at £40, four at £25, one at £24, one at £22, twenty at £20, four at £17, thirteen at £15; fifty-one in all. This is the largest number of scholarships awarded by any New Zealand Board, except Auckland.
The details of the educational system in Southland will receive further attention in the section devoted to that portion of the province. But in addition to the primary school system, secondary education in Otago is represented by a large number of high schools and private schools, which help to bridge the gap between primary and University training. The Dunedin Boys' High School and the Girls' High School rank with the largest and most successful institutions of the kind in the colony. The Boys' High School has a staff of ten, including the Rector, and the attendance for 1901 averaged about 180. This shows a falling off from previous years, but the reduction is due solely to the increased facilities afforded to students in secondary school subjects by the technical classes and University classes now established in the city. The Girls' High School has a staff of eleven, and an attendance of about 120. The Girls' High School was the first secondary school established for girls in Australasia; and many of the ex-pupils have already taken high places in the University and in the liberal professions.
Taking the private and denominational schools together it appears that there were in the year 1900 forty-five such schools in Otago, taught by 137 teachers, and instructing an average number of 2365 pupils daily. The fact, that scholars from many of these private schools frequently reach the standard of the New Zealand University Matriculation is a proof that the schools are an important factor in the educational life of the province. Of the denominational schools, twenty-seven are Roman Catholic schools, with a teaching staff of eighty-four and an average daily attendance of 1869. The culminating point of the
As other sections of this work show, the Otago settlement was established under the auspices of the Free Church of Scotland. The Rev. Thomas Burns, the first minister, was one of the leaders in the famous secession which divided the Presbyterian Church in two. For some years he conducted the church of the little settlement alone, but by 1853 the district required services of two more minister; and the Rev. William Bannerman came out from Scotland to take up the work. In 1860 the Southland district was severed from the Otago Presbytery and placed under a separate minister, the Rev. Andrew Stobo. Meantime other branches of the Presbyterian Church had been established in other parts of New Zealand, and in 1861 and 1862 attempts were made, by special conference, to unite these in one church. But after long discussion the differences of opinon proved insuperable, and the Church of Otago remained independent. But this union, so long delayed, was finally consummated on the 31st of October, 1901, chiefly through the exertions of the Rev. Dr. Gibb, formerly of First Church, Dunedin, and now of St. Paul's, Wellington. For many years the character of the colony of Otago as a Presbyterian settlement was rigidly preserved. Occasionally a certain amount of sectarian bitterness was shown, as in the controversy mentioned elsewhere between Captain Cargill and the Wesleyan missionary, the Rev. Charles Creed. But the natural grwoth of the colony rendered inevitable a steady influx of other demonistations; and when, with the discovery of gold, thousands of strangers from Australia and American poured into Otago, the old distinctions were soon lost.
Long before the “John Wycliffe” reached Port Chamlers Bishop Selwyn had extended his pastoral visitations to Otago (Otakou). As early as 1843 he had travelled as far south as Foveaux Strait and endeavoured to provide for the propagation of Christianity among the natives. In 1848 he visted the settlement; but it was not till 1852 that the first organised attempt was made to found in Otago a branch of the Anglican Church. Mr (later Archdeacon) Fenton was the first elergyman appointed to the new charge. There were then 285 Episcopalians and 1317 Presbyterians in the settlement; and the unfortunate suggestion that the new English church should be built in the Octagon, a city reserve, caused a very heated controversy. About 1865 it was thought advisable to separate Otago from Canterbury as an episcopal see. But trouble arose over the endowments, and more especially as the Rev. H. L. Jenner, who was nominated to the see, had the reputation of being an extreme Ritualist. Eventually Otago remained under the authority of Bishop harper till 1871, when Bishop Nevill was chosen and consecrated to the see.
The Roman Catholic Church was not established in otago till some years after the founding of the settlement. Bishop Pompallier, the missionary bishop of Oceania, visited the harbour as early as 1840; and Father Moreau, a Marist missionary, did good service among the natives and diggers between 1850 and 1860. By 1859 there were only ninety Roman Catholics in Otago; but in 1871 there were nearly 6500; in 1886 there were 18,140, and in 1891, 22,000. In 1971 the Church of Otago was separated from that of Wellington, and Bishop Moran was appointed to the new see. He died in 1896, and was succeeded by Bishop Verdon.
The Methodist Church had the distinction of sending to Otago the first missionary who preached Christianity to the Maoris of that portion of the colony. The Rev. James Watkin delivered his first sermon at Waikouaiti in 1840. He was succeeded by the Rev. Charles Creed. in 1844. Among the colonists who arrived by the “John Wycliffe” were two Methodist—Mr. Monson and Mr. Thomas Ferens, a Methodist lay preacher — who both helped to promote the growth of the church, to which they were attached. A notable figure in the history of Otago Methodism is that of the Rev. Isaac Harding, who, during the “gold days,” travelled all over Otago, organising the church and establishing local breanches. By 1897 there were in Otaho thirty-one Methodist churches and sixty-eight preaching places, fourteen ministers and fifty-seven local preachers; 1742 church members and over 11,000 adherents.
The first gathering of Baptists took place in Dunedin in 1863 under the presidency of Mr. Thomas Dick, to whom the Baptist Church of Otago is indebted for much of the success that it has attained. In 1862 the Congregationalists had already established themselves in Dunedin, and have ever since played an active part in the religious life of the settlement. The name of Dr. Roseby, who was in charge of the church from 1871 to 1885, is well known to all familiar with Dunedin during that period.
According to the census of 1901 the chief religious bodies were then represented in Otago as follows:
From these figures it is evident that, in spite of all the changes through which the colony has passed since its foundation, Otago still retains to a very large degree its original character as a Presbyterian settlement. The Roman Catholies, Episcopalians, and Methodists of all branches combined do not number as many adherents as the Presbyterian Church of Otago, which, now happily united into one compact and harmonious body, can fairly claim to be considered one of the most influential branches of the Protestant Church in the Australasian colonies. It is noticeable that the movement in favour of the amalgamation of the Methodist with the Presbyterian churches throughout New Zealand was started in Dunedin; and the Presbyterians of Otago have thus given strong proof that the sectarian exclusiveness which was once brought as a reproach against them has now finally disappeared.
Of minor sects it may be sufficient to say that there are 26 Unitarians, 40 Quakers, 1007 Buddhists or Confucians, 311 Jews, 28 Mormons, 112 Spiritualists, 1698 members of the Salvation Army, 29 Seventh Day Adventists, 399 Free Thinkers, 168 of “no religion,” and 3011 who object to state what faith, if any, they accept.
Though a large portion of the area of Otago and Southland is rugged and mountainous, the river valleys and the drained swamp land are of remarkable fertility, and form some of the finest agricultural land in the colony. The lower hills provide excellent pasturage for sheep, and, as it has been seen, it was chiefly through the value of the pastoral “runs” that the attention of England and Australia was first attracted to the southern portions of New Zealand as a possible field for colonisation.
The total area of holdings in Otago in 10,313,057 acres; the totals for the other provinces falling far below this figure—Canterbury 6,493,592 acres, Auckland 5,677,445 acres, Wellington 3,844,577 acres, and Hawke's Bay 3,336,744 acres. Otago is thus far ahead of all the other provinces in the extent and thoroughness of her settlement. Of these areas 2,929,473 acres are held in Otago on freehold tenure, 1,161,030 acres are leased from private individuals or public bodies, 10,899 acres leased from natives, 1,611,901 acres leased from the Crown under various tenures, and 4,599,754 acres held under pastoral lease. The pastoral leases cover more than double the area so held in Canterbury and more than half the land so held throughout the colony. In freehold areas, however, Otago is considerably below Auckland (3,897,193 acres) and not far ahead of Canterbury (2,723,369 acres) and Wellington (2,452,528 acres).
The total number of holdings of all sizes in Otago is 13,833, as against 15,999 in Auckland, 10,853 in Canterbury, and 10,537 in Wellington. In number of small holdings Otago compares very favourabley with the other provinces, but in large estate her superiority is much more marked. Otholdings between one to ten acres in area, Otago has 3896—a large number than any province but Auckland, which has 4138. From ten to fifty acres, Otago again comes second to Auckland with 2392 holdings against 2725; while Canterbury has 2296 and Wellington 1783. From 100 to 200 acres the same order is maintained; Auckland 2169 Otago 1846; while Wellington has 1684 holdings, and Canterbury 1289 of this size. But with holdings above 200 acres the positions change. Otago heads the list for holdings of 200 to 300 acres with 1412 holdings against Auckland's 1387; similarly of holdings from 320 to 640 acres, Otago has 1543 as against Auckland's 1319. From 640 to 1000 acres Auckland and Otago are on almost the same footing; though Otago has still a slight lead—Auckland 507 holdings, Otago 512. Of holdings of 1000 to 5000 acres Auckland has 561 against Otago's 598, while Canterbury has 534 and Wellington 510. In estates of 5000 to 10,000 acres, Auckland for the last time heads the list with ninety holdings as against Otago's eighty-one. The furthen increase in the size of estates leaves Otago easily first among the provinces in number of holdings. Of estates from 10,000 to 20,000 acres, Otago has sixty-two out of the 233 estates in the colony; Hawke's Bay has forty-seven, Canterbury thirty-four, Auckland thirty-three, and Wellington thirty. Of estates from 20,000 to 50,000 acres Otago has forty-six out of the total of 167, while Canterbury has thirty-five, Hawke's Bay twenty-seven and Auckland twenty. In the largest estates classified—those over 50,000 acres in area — Otago is easily first. There are ninety-seven such estates in New Zealand, and of these Otago has fortythree, or nearly one half; Canterbury cemes next with twenty-five, Hawke's Bay, Nelson and Marlborough have seven each, Auckland six, and Wellington two only, while Westland has no estate over 50,000 acres, and Taranaki none of 20,000, and only two from 10,000 to 20,000 acres. Otago is thus easily first in the matter of great estates.
The total area laid down in wheat throughout the colony for 1902 was 163, 462 acres. Of this area Otago claimed 31,981 acress, which was less than onethrid of Canterbury's wheat land (119, 531 acres). These two provinces almost monopolise the wheat-growing area in the colony, as Wellington comes next with less than 6000 acres. The averago per acre for Otago is 27.4 bushels; a result which compares well with Canterbury's 23.7 bushels per acre. The highest wheat average for New Zealand is held by Taranaki—thirty-three bushels per acre; but this is taken from only 600 acres of land. In oats the total area for the colony is 405, 924 acres;
The area laid down in sonw grasses in Otago is 1,464,444 acres. Canterbury has 1,492,942 acres, and these two provinces make up considerably more than half the sown grass in the
The settled part of Otago is largely cleared of bush, and it is satisfactory to note that some attempts have been made at re-foresting the country. The area already planted with forest trees is 4692 acres; but this compares but poorly with the area in Canterbury (21,926 acres) or even in Auckland (9685 acres).
In spite of the large proportion of Otago land that is already under cultivation, there is more land still in tussock and unimproved than in any other province. The unimproved land amounts to 8,021,849 acres, or more than one third of the whole of such land in the colony. Canterbury has only about half the area of land in this condition (4,020, 584 acres), while Auckland has 3,482,212 acres, and Wellington, 1,196, 912 acres.
The total increase of cattle throughout the colony in 1901 amounted to 105, 104 head. In Otago the total rose from 186, 103 in 1901, to 194, 247 in 1902. This number is supassed by Auckland (370, 249), Wellington (294, 439), Taranaki (224, 970; though Canterbury has only 98,843 head. It is noticeable, however, that in dairy cattle, Otago, though still behind her northern neigh bours, came closer to them than in the grand total. The figures are: Wellington 92,612, Taranaki 91,655, Auckland 85,328, Otago 73,254, while Canterbury has only 39,596. In connection with these figures it may be remembered that Otago (in 1901) possessed forty-three butter and cheese factories out of 264 in New Zealand, and thirty-five creameries and skimming stations—a sufficient proff that the settlers have already begun to realise the great advantages connected with the dairy industry. In 1901 the total value of butter and cheese exported from Dunedin and Invercargill was £195, 883, a sum which while considerably below that gained by Wellington
In horses Otago comes second on the list of provinces, some distance behind Auckland. The numbers are: Auckland 73,833, Otago 56,319, Canterbury 49,731. The years 1901 showed an increase for the whole colony of 13,353, and for Otago of 1703.
In sheep Otago comes third, a little below Canterbury and Wellington. The totals are: Canterbury, 4,318,887; Welilington, 4,239,538; Otago, 3,978,011; Hawke's Bay, 3,298,121; Auckland, 2,116,5943. The total for the whole colony was—in 1901—20,233,099, the net increase for the year being 877,904, and for Otago 231,251. Besides supplying local needs, Otago in 1901 exported wool to the value of £642,888.
The number of pigs in the colony had descreased considerably of late years. In 1891 there were 308,024. Of the provinces Auckland has by far the largest number—61,855; Canterbury has 50,983; Wellington 38,561 and Otago 29,602—a decrease of 7406 from 1901. The energies and resources of pastoralists are being directed, throughout the colony, the sheep breeding and dairy farming, and it is to these, as much as to her gold and other natural resources, that Otago already owes her prosperity.
With respect to the number of its established industries Otago stands before all the other provinces. The last census returns show, that Otago has 809 separate manufacturing and industrial establishments, as against 752 in Auckland, 707 in Wellington, and 648 in Canterbury. These 890 industries in Otago include: thirteen refrigerating works (out of forth for the colony), twelve becon curing establishments, thirteen fish curing works (out of twentyeight in the colony), forty-three butter and cheese factories (more than any other province but Taranaki), twenty-seven grain mills (the largest number in any single province), seven biscuit factories (again the largest total for any province), two jam factories, four confectionery works, fifteen breweries (which in 1900 produced 600,000 gallons more than the quantity turned out in Auckland or Canterbury, the only two provinces that approach Otago in this mdustry), seventeen aerated water factories two pickle factories and several soap and candle works. These figures show how extensively the natural products of the country are utilised in the industries of Otago. There are also seventy saw mills and sash and door factories (the largest number credited to any single province), five gasworks, five lime and cement works, twenty-five brick and pottery works (another New Zealand record), eleven tinware factories, fourteen iron and brass factories (Canterbury with fourteen being Otago's Only rival), eight engineering works, twelve agricultural implement factories (once more the largest total for the colony) forty-nine printing establishments (by far the largest total among the provinces—Wellington second with thirty-five) twenty coach building works, twenty-one cycle works, twenty saddle and harness factories, thirty-three tanneries (Canterbury next with twenty-nine), nine ship and boat building yards, seven sail and tent factories, thirty-two furniture factories (second to Wellington with thirty-six), eight clothing factories, two waterproof factories, seven hosiery factories thirty-five boot and shoe factories (Auckland second with thirty-one), four rope and twine works, sixteen flax mills, and four woollen mills. These last employ 900 hands and pay in wages alone £64,00 per annum. This fact by itself is sufficient proof of the success that marks most of Otago's great industrial undertakings.
The total number of hands employed in Otago industries is 11,802—8745 males, 3057 females. Here again Otago is considerably ahead of Auckland (10,457 employees), Wellington (8855), and Canterbury (9804). It is noticeable that the Otago industries afford occupation to a greater number of girls and women than are employed in any other province. The number are: Otago 3057, Canterbury 2754, Auckland, 2162, Wellington 2069. As a natural result of this industrial superiority, Otago distributes in wages a larger sum than any other province annually. For 1901 the figures were: males £733, 671, females £96,069. Canterbury paid £86,526 to women, but only £581, 271 to men; while Auckland paid £650, 727 to men, and £63,917 to women; and Wellington £60,790 to men, and £68,276 to women.
The value of industrial products turned out in Otage in 1900 was £3,749, 497, as against £4,701, 304 for Canterbury, £3,729, 587 Auckland, and £3,209, 740 for Wellington. The value of material thus converted was — for Otago £1,741,981, as against £2,172,803 for Canterbury, £1,752, 335 for Wellington £1,677, 692 for Auckland. The total value of land, buildings and machinery
All these figures go to support the contention that Otago is one of the most active, prosperous, and successful districts in the colony. From the point of the view of the employee, the same conclusion may be drawn from a reference to the statistics for wages paid during the year 1901. Farm labourers got 15s to 25s per week with board, about the same rate as in Canterbury; while in Auckland, Taranaki, and Marlborough, where internal communication is less complete, wages ranged from 20s to 25s. Day wages for farm labourers in Otago were 5s to 6s, about the same as in Canterbury, while in the North Island where the demand for casual labour of this sort is harder to meet, the wages ranged from 6s in Hawke's Bay, to 8s in Taranaki. For ploughmen with board, the Otago rate was the rulling rate throughout the colony, 20s to 25s per week; though in Taranaki the range was wider—from 15s to 25s. Harvesters at 7s to 8s per day got less in Otago than in any other province; 8s to 10s being the ordinary level. But female farm servants were in great demand, for the Otago wages were 12s 6d to 20s per week, while the maximum in other provinces was 15s and the minimum 8s.
The market for pastoral labour does not seem to be so well supplied in Otago as in most of the other provinces. For shepherds the wages ran as high as £75 per annum with board, while the minimum of £50 was about the same as in Wellington, Taranaki and Canterbury, where the higher limit was generally £60 to £72. Station labourers got 15s to 25s, as against an average of 20s in most of the other previnces.
Artisan labour is on the whole highly paid in Otago. Masons' wages reached a higher figure there in 1901 than any-where else in the colony—the maximum of 13s 6d being approached only by Wellington
It is noticeable that, generally speaking, a wider range of wages prevails in most forms of labour in Otago than elsewhere. This is due to the varied nature of the industries of the province, and the wide divergence between the modes of life in the coastal and country towns and on the goldfields. The gold districts from a distinct section of Otago in which, for obvious reasons, the conditions of life, and therefore the rates of wages, differ considerably from those ruling in the agricultural, pastoral, and commercial centres of population.
Under the head of servants there is a considerable difference between the average wages in the various provinces. Gardeners got higher wages in Otago than elsewhere—up to 30s per week with board; cooks with board ranged from 15s to 30s per week; general house servants from 10s to 15s—figures which show that Otago has her full share of the “hired girl” difficulty; while housemaids with 10s to 20s a week seem more in request in Otago than in any other part of the colony.
The “miscellaneous” class of wageearners includes a great variety of occupations. General labourers, at 5s to 8s per day, were paid at the same rate as in Auckland, but less than in Taranaki or Wellington. One of the most marked disparities between provincial rates of wages is to be observed in connection with seamen's wages. In Auckland the average is £5 to £6 per month with board, in Wellington £3 10 to £6 10s, in Canterbury £7, and in Otago £3 10s to £6. Tailors in Otago get from 35s to 60s per week, while in other parts of the colony their wages range up to 10s per day, and in Canterbury even rise to 80s per week. Tailoresses and female machinists and dressmakers seem generally to receive less in Otago than elsewhere—up to 30s a week. Shopmen's assistants in various trades are generally paid on the lowest scale in Otago; but compositors' wages are in a much better position—Auckland 40s to 55s per week, Wellington 40s to 60s, Canterbury 60s to 72s, Otago 40s to 60s, Canterbury 60s to 72s, Otago 40s to 60s. In general terms it may be said that the wide distribution of settlement and the easy means of internal communication, prevent any serious rise of wages in Otago above the level that prevails throughout most of the other provinces. But of course these remarks do not apply to the goldfields, especially in the less accessible parts of the country.
The most important mineral product of Otago is gold, and the most productive form of gold mining is dredging. But all the recognised methods of gold mining are practised in Otago—hydraulie sluicing and quartz-crushing, as well as dredging. During 1900 there were 120 quartz mines in operation in New Zealand, of which twenty-six were situated in Otago. These employed 272 hands paid £29,314 in wages, and produced altogether (in 1900) 7790 ounces of gold valued at £30,161. Of the 130 hydraulic and sluicing claims worked in 1990 in the colony, sixty-eight belonged to Otago, while Westland had only fifty-one. The Otago claims employed 525 hands, and expended £40,721 in labour. The gold won (1900) amounted to 24,889 ounces (more than three times the Westland total) valued at £96,329, against Westland's £28,160. But by far the most important from of mining practised in Otago is dredging, which demands a certain amount of seperate notice.
Even in the earliest days of gold mining it was generally known that the river beds of Otago contained a large quantity of gold, and many were the attempts made to gather the golden harvest. The long handled shoved suggested the spoon-dredge, a cumbersome sort of rawhide bucket, worked from the bank by a winch. Then the current wheel was employed to work the speon-dredge, and the returns were sufficiently good to encourage miners and inventors to perservere. Suggestions were made that the Kawarau or even the Malyneux might be dammed up or diverted, so as to reveal the wealth concealed beneath their hurrying waters. At last the
What this solution meant to the province and the colony, may be roughly estimated by reference to one or two famous dredging returns. On the Kawarau the Magnetic Dredge between the end of February and the end of May, 1899, obtained over 1800 ounces of gold from a piece of river-bed three times the lenght of the dredge; in other words, for three months 600 ounces of gold were taken from every 100 feet of the river. But even this splendid result was utterly eclipsed by the Hartley and Riley dredge working below Cromwell, near the spot where the two pioneers, whose names the dredge bears, took out 87lb weight of gold for a few months' work in 1862. In July, 1899, Otago and the mining world generally were startled into enthusiasm by the news that the Hartley and Riley dredge had taken 693 ounces 17 pennyweights of gold for one week's work. The record of the Electric dredge was 658 ounces 19 pennyweights for a week; but later this was completely out-classed by the Hartley and Riley return for the week ending the 18th of August, 1899–786 ounces 10 pennyweights—a return which is likely to stand as a “best on record” for a long time to come. The Hartley and Riley total for the seven weeks ending the 18th of August, 1899, reached the astonishing figures of 3590 unces 17 pennyweights. It is hardly necessary to say that such returns are altogether exceptional; but they certainly throw light upon the phenomenal richness of portions of the province already worked, and indicate wonderful possibilities in other directions as yet untried.
It is a matter of history that the speculative public of Otago and the colony at large, have responded eagerly to the inducements held out to them for investment in gold dredging. Ever since the days of Mr. Siedeberg's spoondredge (1863) a certain number of Otago enthusiasts had followed the variable fortunes of the dredging industry with an anxious eye; but it was not till the collapse of the Kawarau and Shotover dredging boom in the “eighties” that really powerful dredges were put upon the Molyneux; and the importance of the industry was incontestably established. Messrs Gards, Spencer, McKersey, and Finlay, who worked the old Dunedin dredge on the Molyneux, were the forerunners of the recent dredging “boom,” and the regular publication of dredging returns intitiated in 1891 by Mr. Gards and Dr Hyde has done much to bring the industry permanently into public favour. The recent “boom” ran the course natural to such financial convulsions; and failure and disappointment became the portion of many who looked for untold wealth in every dredge bucket. But when the worst is said, the fact remains that dredging offers safer returns, under favourable conditions, that any other form of gold winning, and that the conditions, including the presence of large quantities of gold, have been proved to exist in many parts of Otago. There is, in fact, ample evidence to justify the assertion of the “Otago Daily Times,” that “the wealth in gold disseminated through the drifts of Otago is sufficiently rich and extensive to enable Otago to rival for permenance and productiveness any gold mining district of similar extent in the world.”
In 1901 the total number of dredges in operation in the colony was 145. Of these 121, or five-sixths of the total number, belonged to Otago. These employed (in the year 1900) 824 men, and paid £68,208 in wages. Their total expenditure for the year 1901 was £232,838, and the return for 1900 was 69,675 ounces, valued at £278,871. The total capital invested in dredging in Otago at that time was £568,134, so that the return, morely as a precentage, is remarkably high.
On the whole, Otago produces about one-third of all the gold annually won in New Zealand. In the financial year, ending on the 31st March, 1901, Otago's share of the gold returns was represented by 128,200 ounces, valued at £515,256. There is every prospect that this average will be maintained for a considerable time. Not only is dredging now established on a permanent footing, but hydraulic sluicing seems to have a long lease of life. The construction of the great reservoirs on the Mount Ida goldfields at Naseby to hold 500 million gallons of water, and to tide the miners over the dry season, is a proof of the confidence with which the central Government, as well as local speculators, regard the Otago gold industry. While dealing with this subject, its may be of interest to note that between January, 1857, and March, 1902, the colony of New Zealand produced over fifteen million ounces of gold, valued at nearly £60,000,000 sterling. Of this total Otago has been responsible for 5,852,642 ounces, valued at £23,199,030, an amount somewhat less than that due to Westland (£24,268,118), but far surpassing the return from Auckland (£10,673,452). Of the total quantity of gold exported from the colony in 1901 Otago contributed
Next to gold the most important mineral produced in Otago is coal. Of the 140 coal-mines working in New Zealand in 1901 (last census returns) 105 were in Otago. These employed 920 men, paid £87,508 in wages, and turned out 399,564 tons of coal, valued at £142,450.
The Nelson and Westland mines, though only sixteen in all, turned out 594,183 tons of bituminous coal valued at £321,806. The number of Otago's coal-mines is, therefore, hardly a fair test of their value; as a matter of fact, there is no workable deposit of bituminous coal in Otago. Good brown coal is found at Shag Point, Green Island, Kaitangata, Nightcaps, and in various parts of Central Otago; while lignite is also distributed over a wide area. The output of coal and lignite for Otago and Southland for 1901, was 366,921 tons, or an increase of 41,579 tons on the previous year. In addition to this, 12,048 tons of shale were raised and reduced at the Orepuki works.
Otago further possesses valuable geological assets in the shape of building stone. Bluestone of good quality is found in inexhaustible supplies at Port Chalmers, freestone at Wailkawa, and a good granite at Ruapuke. The Oamaru limestone is known throughout the Australian colonies, and there is a similar stone found in large deposits at Otekaike, North Otago. Limestone suitable for the manufacture of lime, is found at Oamaru, Otekaike, Otepopo, Waihemo, and the Penisnsula, Waihola, Maniototo, and several other locaties; and the Milburn Lime and Cement Company does a large trade with builders and gas companies in all parts of the province. But, after all, these are minor assets, and Otago's mineral wealth may be said to depend at present chiefly on her gold and coal.
The total imports for the provincial district of Otago in 1862, were valued at £1,860,733. By 1901 the value had risen to £2,587,944. This represents an increase of over £720,000, or 39 per cent., in ten years. During the same period Auckland imports rose from £1,667,499 to £3,082,300—an increase of over £1,400,000, or over 84 per cent. The imports of Canterbury between 1892 and 1902 rose from £1,304,862 to £2,249,153—an increase of £924,000, or 71 per cent. The imports of Wellington during the same decennial period rose from £1,607,053 to £3,200,386—an increase of £1,590,000, or about 99 per
An interesting comparison may be made between the large provinces with respect to the difference between their exports and imports. In Wellington the imports for 1901 exceeded the exports by £972,261; in Auckland the imports exceeded the exports by £593,375. The balance of trade was thus heavily against these two provinces. Canterbury and Otago, on the other hand, had a balance in their favour. In the case of Canterbury this amounted to the large sum of £1,090,303; in Otago it reached the more modest total of £141,474. But, as far as the level of commercial prosperity can be indicated by a balance of trade it must be remembered that a large proportion of Otago's total exports represents golf to the value of £515,265. Now Canterbury exported only £71 worth of gold in 1901, and this fact must be taken into consideration in attempting to compare the financial or commercial positin of Canterbury and Otago.
The settlement of Otago has resembled that of Canterbury in this respect, that though the chief city includes by far the largest populatin concentrated in any one centre, yet on the whole, the settlers in the province are distributed over a wide area. The figures already given in another section show how rapid has been the grwoth of the city within fifty years; but it may be added that, in 1854, the whole population of the province was about 2400, and that 2000 persons dwelt within the Otago Block. There were 700 in Dunedin, and about 500 more in the suburban districts round North East Valley, Anderson's Bay, Caversham, and Half Way Bush. At Port Chalmers there were eighty, at East and West Harbour 150, Green Island 100, East Taieri 170, West Taieri ninety, Waihola and Tokomairiro 140, and the Clutha, seventy. By 1857 the total population had risen to 3796, of whom 1022 had been born in Otago. In Dunedin and suburbs with Port Chalmers 1879 were located; in East and West Taieri, 462; in the Tokomairiro and Waihola districts, 1020; and in the northern district from Waikouaiti to the Waitaki, 435. At the present time according to the last census returns (quinquennial period ending March, 1901) the total population of Dunedin, including suburbs, is 52,390, composed of 24,819 males and 27,571 females. A large proportion of the total inhabitants of Otago—nearly one third—is thus concentrated in and around the chief city. But there are several other towns in Otago which represent a large section of the total; and, generally, it may be said that the population of the province is well distributed over a large area. Of Invercargill further details will be given in the Southland section. But it may be noted that in 1857, when the census was for the first time taken for Southland separately, the total population of the province was only 406, of whom the majority lived in and near the chief town. According to the census of 1901 the present population of Invercargill, including suburbs, is nearly, 11,000. The second twon in Otago proper is Oamaru, lying in the centre of the northern district, which, in 1854, could boast of only 183 inhabitants seattered about between Goodwood and the Waitaki river. By 1861 the town of Oamaru contained 207
The natural scenery of Otago is not less remarkable for variety than for impressiveness and beauty. Though the great Sounds on the West Coast belong, strictly speaking, to Southland, yet they are for the purpose of the tourist an essential part of Otago. There the snow peak and glacier and mountain cataract combine, with the wonders of that wild sea coast, to produce a panorama unsurpassed for majesty throughout the world. In Central and Northern Otago the great lakes, with Wakatipu as the central point, must always present strong attractions to the constantly increasing number of those who come from afar to visit the scenic wonders of New Zealand. Scores of untrodden peaks, only a little lower than Earnslaw and Aspiring, are waiting to be scaled by the adventurous mountaineer. Below the Alpine levels, the broken country, whither settlement has spread in the search for gold, is full of interest to the lover of the picturesque. The upper course of the Clutha and all its tributaries includes scenery that would alone make the province famous as a tourist's resort, if it were not overshadowed by the Alpine country. Of the wonders of Wakatipu and the adjacent lakes and mountains it is almost unnecessary to speak; but in a later section some attempt will be made to do justice to the scenery of Otago from the tourist's point of view. It is sufficient to say that the prophecy of Anthony Trollope, that the Lake district of Otago would some day become renowned throughout the world, has already been amply verified.
Dunedin is situated about 46 degrees south latitude, and London is 51 1/2 degrees north latitude, so that it might be expected that the climate of Otago would be, on the whole, milder than that of the south of England. As a matter of fact, the average yearly temperature of Dunedin is about three degrees higher than that of London. The maximum heat in summer rarely rises above 80 degrees in the shade, and 120 degrees in the sun; while in spite of occasional falls of snow, even in the ocastal towns, the winter in the greater part of the settled districts, is not remarkable for severity. But considering the elevation of a great part of the province above sea level, the existence of enormous deposits of perpetual ice and snow in the mountain regions of the West Coast, and the exposure of the whole province to the cold southerly winds that sweep up from the Antarctic Circle, it is not strange that in the higher levels of the country an Otago winter is a severe trial for both man and beast.
According to the meteorological statistics published for Dunedin in 1991, the highest temperature reached in that year was 83 degrees Fahrenheit and the lowest 25 degrees Fahrenheit. Strangely enough, the minimum reading for Canterbury (Lincoln) in 1901 was 21 degrees Fahrenheit or 4 below the Otago minimum. But the average temperature in mid-winter is considerably higher than this. In 1889, which was the coldest winter on record, the lowest monthly average was 42 degrees. At the same time the temperature falls below freezing point long enough and often enough to provide ample opportunities for winter sport to skaters and curlers; and to render snow storms a serious danger to sheep farmers even on the lower hills.
One favourable characteristic of the Otago climate is that the coldest weather is usually very dry. In 1889, which was supposed to be the coldest winter for forty years, only seventeen inches of rain were registered. This, of course, is out of all proportion to the annual average, which ranges from 32 to 37 inches. However, there is no doubt that Otago, considering its latitude, enjoys a comparatively dry climate. Rain seems to fall on a great many days in the year, but the total fall is comparatively slight. In 1901, rain fell on 173 days in Dunedin, while Auckland registered 176 rainy days, and Wellington 175. But none of these provinces are so subject to rain as Taranaki, where 245 days were rainy, nor as Westland, where 188 days were rainy in 1901. Of
The prevailing winds in Otago, as in most parts of the colony, are south-west and north-east. The son'-wester, as in Canterbury, is the typical rainy wind; the nor'-wester, as in Westland, reaches the coast laden with moisture and accounts for the enormous amount of rain precipitated upon the hill tops in Fiordland. Perhaps the most striking feature of the climate of Otago, especially in and near Dunedin, is its variability, and the suddenness with which sunshine and shadow, calm and storm, succeed one another. While this peculiarity certainly adds to the picturesqueness of the country, it is occasionally too inconvenient to be regarded with much enthusiasm by the inhabitants.
It is interesting to compare the experiences of early explorers—for example Mr. Tuckett and Mr. W. H. S. Roberts—with our contemporary knowledge of the climate of Otago. Yet fifty years ago the chief characteristics of Otago weather seem to have been precisely what they are to-day: though the destruction of the forests has probably had the effect of slightly decreasing the rainfall, while depriving the more exposed country of much of the shelter that it once enjoyed.
The commercial and financial prosperity of New Zealand is and must be founded upon the natural resources of the country. More especially does it depend upon the extractive industries—those directly based upon the soil, and all that it produces. With all the conditions of permanent affluence Otago is singularly well provided. In other sections of this work, detailed particulars are given of her capacity for wealth production on the pastoral and agricultural side, and of the variety and amplitude of her mineral resources. For many years after the boom of the early sixties the value of the soil for raising grain and cattle was obscured by the importance attached to gold mining. Even within recent years the baneful influence of excessive speculation has done much to retard more solid and substantial progress in Otago. But when the worst has been said that can be
The establishment of constitutional government under the provincial system in 1853 was welcomed even more eagerly in Otago than in any other quarter of the colony. From the outset, there had been a tendency to set the central authorites in opposition to the church settlements of Canterbury and Otago; and the special character of these settlements rendered them anxious to preserve their own identity and to work out their own future without any to work out their own future without any superfluous interference. Moreover, the promoters of the Otago settlement had to face the criticism and opposition of a band of malcontents—known to the journalism of the day as the Little Enemy—who desired to obliterate, as far as might be, the most distinctive characteristics of the original plan of colonisation. They objected to the strong Presbyterian element which pervaded the youthful colony, to the social and official dignity of the leaders of the colonists, and to the restrictions of land speculation by which the founders had tried to safeguard their interests. Dr. Hocken describe them as “a small but obstructive body of gentlemen, mostly of standing and intelligence—English and Episcopalian; they were viewed as intruders, and reciprocated by seeing in the special scheme of the settlement and its leaders, all that was narrow and intolerant.” When the settlers first petitioned for an elective local council, the “Little Enemy” endeavoured, through the newly-formed Otago Settlers' Association, to thwart this move; and succeeded in rousing a great deal of bitterness and ill-feeling. The “Otago Witness” played a valiant part in the controversy. When the New Zealand Land Company was finally defunct, the unsatisfactory nature of the nominee system of centralised government became apparent even to the British House of Commons. At last, in 1852, the long looked for boon was granted, and the colonists applied themselves with grateful enthusiasm to the important task of choosing their first Superintendent and their first Provincial Council.
As was fitting, Captain Cargill was elected unopposed to the post of Superintendent, and held that office for six years and a half in all, till the beginuing of 1860. The first Council was elected almost solely with reference to the vexed land question, and it resulted in the complete discomfiture of the “Little Enemy” and the triumph of the founders of the settlement. The opposition had made a determined attempt to assert themselves by endeavouring to enrol the Maoris, whose eighty votes would have made a serious difference in a roll of considerably less than 400. However, these efforts were all in vain; and the elections to the House of Representatives were a further proof that the original settlers still maintained a strong hold upon the community. To the House of Representatives Mr James Macandrew was elected for the town; and for the country, Mr. John Cargill, son of the Superintendent, and Mr. W. H. Cutten, his son-in-law. As members of the Provincial Council the town constituency chose Messrs W. H. Cutten, James Adam and Alexander Rennie; while the country members were, in order of election, J. H. Harris, James Macandrew, W. H. Reynolds, J. Gillies, A. Anderson, and E. McGlashan. Of those elected, Mr. Harris was afterwards Superintendent of the Province, a district judge, and member of the Legislative Council. Mr. Adam, the precentor of First Church, was for many years a member of the Otago Land Board. Mr. Gillies, who died in 1871, was Resident Magistrate, and the father of the late Mr. Justice Gillies, of Auckland.
The business of the first Council was chiefly concerned with the land question, and the advisability of reducing or maintaining the original price. The matter was complicated by the fact that the Central Government claimed to exercise full power over the land, to the exclusion of the provincial legislature; and the difficulty as to the control of land was not settled till the passing of the Land Sales and Leases Ordinance of 1856. Public business was further hindered by the feud that arose between two of the members sent up to Welling. ton—Mr. Macandrew and Mr. W. H. Cutten. However, the first Council did good work by passing an Education Ordinance and establishing a rudimentary public works system.
In 1855 the number of members of the Provincial Council was increased from nine to nineteen. Messrs Gillies and McGlashan did not offer themselves for re-election, but with these exceptions the old memebrs were chosen. The new members were James Kilgour, William Martin, Peter Proudfoot (afterwards chief surveyor and Crown Lands Commissioner), G. Hepburn (one of the first elders of Knox Church), W. Smith, E. Lee, A. J. Burns (son of the Rev. Dr. Burns), J. Cargill (son of the Superintendent), W. H. Mansford (subsequently Registrar of Otago University), J. Shaw, and Dr. Williams (Provincial Surgeon).
The development of internal communication and the opening of the country occupied most of the energies of the second Provincial Council, which met for its eighth and last session in 1859. The Superintendent, now well stricken in years, indicated that he would not seek re-election, and the elections of January, 1860, caused little interest and excitement. Mr. James Macandrew was Captain Cargill's natural successor, and he laid down a very enterprising, not to say extravagant, scheme of public works for his term of office. In the new Council, Dunedin city was represented by Messrs T. Dick (later Superintendent), J. Kilgour, T. B. Gillies, W. H. Cutten, W. H. Reynolds; the Western district by J. McGlashan, G. Hepburn and Dr. Purdie; the Eastern district by W. Martin, J. Healey, and G. Walker; the Central district by J. Howorth, A. Rennie, and R. Todd; the Northern district by F. Fenwick and W. H. Teschemaker. The member for Port Chalmers was T. Tayler, for Tokomairiro James Smith,
The great event recorded in this Council's annals was the dismissal of Mr. Macandrew from the post of Superintendent. There is no need to dwell on this painful episode, except to observe that, in spite of his many good qualities, high capacity and undoubted services to the country, Mr. Macandrew had by his own recklessness made such a course inevitable. He was four times chosen to be Superintendent of the Province, being elected in 1860, 1867, 1871, and 1873. He represented Port Chalmers for many years in the House of Representatives, and in 1877 was Minister of Lands and Public Works in Sir George Grey's Government.
The dismissal of Mr. Macandrew rendered a new election necessary, and, despite the circumstances referred to, the late Superintendent polled 189 votes, against 292 for Major Richardson, who was elected. Mr. McMaster, the third candidate, claimed 106 votes. Major Richardson, who was already Speaker of the Provincial Council, was an eloquent and able administrator, and did good service to the Province and the colony during his term of office. But at the election of 1863 he was defeated by Mr. J. H. Harris, who polled 560 votes against his 432. The most important fact connected with his superintendency was the discovery of the Lindis goldfield in 1861, and the subsequent “rush” that changed the whole face of the province, and made an indelible mark upon the history of the young colony. Sir John Richardson—he was created a Knight Bachelor by Queen Victoria—was, according to the Jubilee number of the “Otago Daily Times,” “a man of noble disposition, the firmest and most enlightened friend of education; one of the first to move in the direction of the higher education of women; foremost in philanthropic movements, he was revered and honoured by people of every degree, and had every quality that endears man to his fellowmen.” He was a member in the House of Representatives for Dunedin during 1861–3, and afterwards sat in the House for a Taranaki constituency. He became Postmaster-General and Commissioner of Customs in the Weld Government of 1864–5, and was a member of the Executive Council, without portfolio, in the Stafford Ministry. In 1867 he was called to the Legislative Council, of which he was Speaker till the time of his death in 1879. He succeeded the Rev. Dr Burns as Chancellor of the Otago University.
Among members of Mr. Harris's Council who aferwards took a prominent part in colonial politics may be mentioned Messrs McKenzie, Dick, Pinkerton, Mouat, Bastings, and Julius Vogel. During his term of office Mr. Harris carried out the vigorous and public-spirited policy which he had always advocated while the settlement
In 1867 Mr. Macandrew once more came to the front in provincial politics, and his temporary disappearance seemed to have had no effect upon either his energy or his popularity. He polled 2259 votes against Mr. Dick's 1392. Mr. Dick, who had been Provincial Secretary in 1862 and member of the House of Representatives for Dunedin (1860), and Port Chalmers (1866), now retired for the time from public life. He reappeared, however, in 1879, when he was once more elected member for Dunedin, and was a member of the Hall and Whitaker Governments till 1884.
The balance of Otago's provincial history is covered by Mr. Macandrew's administration of the province as Superintendent. In 1871 he was again chosen by 3,242 votes against Mr. Donald Reid, with 2,950; and in 1873 he was once more returned with 3,902 votes, against Mr. J. L. Gillies, with 2,759. Few colonial politicians have received so many emphatic proofs of the confidence and admiration of their fellow citizens; and, in spite of obvious failings, few of the early colonists did so much for the land of their adoption as James Macandrew. To what has been already said of his career, it should be added that he established steam communication between New Zealand and Australia, that he was largely instrumental in establishing the Panama mail service, and that even then he advocated a fast direct steam connection with England. Of local public works, the Oamaru breakwater, the Port Chalmers graving dock, and the whole provincial railway system owed more to him than to any one else. He was strongly opposed to the Abolition movement; but when the provinces were finally swept away, he did good service to the colony as Minister of Lands and Public Works in the Grey Government (1877). As one of the founders of Otago University, he showed that he had the same enthusiasm for secondary education that he had previously displayed in fostering the primary provincial system; and, in fact, there was no side of life in his province on which, from his arrival till his death, his versatile and vigorous mind did not leave a deep and enduring impression.
Of the members of the Provincial Councils who ruled Otago under Mr. Macandrew, between 1867 and 1876, Messrs McIndoe, Barr, Turnbull, Shand, McLean, Allan, Fish, Toshach, Bathgate, Cantrell, Macassey, Holmes, Lumsden, Tolmie, Hallenstein, De Lautour, Mills, Oliver, Roberts, were all well known to those familiar with either the provincial and municipal politics of the “seventies” and “eighties,” and some are still honoured survivors from the early days. About 1867 the duties of the provincial authorities were heavily increased by the necessity for managing the goldfields; so much so that a plebiscite was actually taken as to whether they should or should not be subject to provincial control. Before 1870, the Council had done its best to encourage the infant industries of the colony by offering bonuses for the production of hemp and woollen cloth. By 1869 the struggle had begun for the re-annexation of Southland; Otago itself was by no means too opulent, and found it necessary this year to borrow £50,000 on the security of its pastoral lands. At the same time the Council did not neglect the less material interests of the people, and large reserves were set apart for the purposes of primary and secondary education. In 1870 Southland was formally re-united to Otago, and Mr. Julius Vogel (then Colonial Treasurer) in vain endeavoured to get a sympathetic hearing in Dunedin for his Public Works policy, which was afterwards adopted by the colony with conspienous success. In 1871 the agitation for a separate Government for the two islands was renewed, and a measure to that effect was proposed in the House of Representatives by Mr. Macandrew. In 1872 the perennial denominational question was raised, and the Council emphatically refused to commit itself to any policy that would confuse educational and theological issues. By 1873 the movement for abolition had already made rapid strides, and the original character of the settlement as a Scotch Presbyterian colony was fast changing. In the words of journalistic humour of the day, the “Old Identity” was being supplanted by the “New Iniquity”; and this process of evolution was illustrated in the provincial elections for 1873, when Messrs Cargill and Cutten among others were beaten by Messrs Fish, Bathgate, Turnbull and other politicians of more modern and less exclusive views. The session of 1874 was marked by vigorous and sometimes stormy discussions in the Council, on education, harbour works and abolition; and the Speaker, Mr. J. L. Gillies, resigned because his ruling was questioned. But 1876 was the last year of provincial existence; and in December of that year Mr. Macandrew, who had striven manfully to avert the destruction of the provinces, was returned along with Messrs Stout and Larnach to represent Dunedin in the newly constituted parliament.
The provincial constitution was founded on a very popular basis. The fran chise was the same as in the case of elections to the House of Representatives, a small property qualification being the only restriction. The Provincial Councils were not authorised to make laws on matters affecting the general interests of the colony; for example, customs, coinage, postal service, Crown and native land. But outside these limits, they did much which, sooner or later, was bound to bring them into conflict with the central authorities. The Governor could dissolve the Provincial Council or veto its enactments, or even disallow the election of a Superintendent. But in actual practice the Provincial Councils possessed almost unbounded local authority, which was
In none of the provinces was better and more enduring work done by the councils than in Otago. The contrast between Otago in 1876 and Otago in 1852 is a sufficient proof of the energy with which the founders of the young settlement and their immediate successors had set about the task of opening up the country and developing its natural resources. No country in the world could show such a record as New Zealand in the way of public works during the first quarter of a century of its political growth. In Otago the discovery of gold, while it attracted new colonists in unprecedented numbers, added heavy burdens to the responsibilities of the rulers of the province; and to the great “rushes” in the sixties is largely due the wide extension of roads and bridges, and, later, of railways, which have now brought almost all the habitable parts of the province within easy reach of the capital and the coast. The public works system, with a system of education far more elaborate and expensive than most old world countries could boast, made heavy inroads upon the financial resources of the province, which nothing but its great natural wealth could have enabled it to meet. But, as in Canterbury, the financial success of the provincial government was one of the inducements that led the Central Government to press for the absorption of the provincial in the colonial treasury; and the property of the provinces, coupled with their obstinate antagonism to the policy of the Central Government, proved their ruin.
Incidental reference has been made to some of the more important public questions that at various times engrossed the attention of the Provincial Councils of Otago. For the first ten years or more of responsible government the forces of the “Old Identities” were largely occupied in maintaining the exclusive and sectarian character of the settlement, as best they might, against new comers. The original land policy of the Otago Settlement scheme was stoutly upheld, to the confusion of many who looked upon the new colony as an easy spoil for speculators. The vigorous self-assertiveness of the founders of Otago led them frequently to defend their independence against the encroachments of the Central Government, and to lend a sympathetic ear to the suggestions frequently made during the Maori wars, that the South Island should become politically separate from the North. The demand of Southland for independence was the signal for long and bitter civil strife, which ended only when the young province, after a short but sensational history, submitted, somewhat penitently, to parental rule. The constant growth of Dunedin and the necessity for meeting its increasing needs was long a strain upon the attention of the Council, until a Town Council was elected and the city entered upon its municipal career. Education, as was natural in a Scotch settlement, received its fair share of consideration, and in no province was more generous provision made for the requirements of both primary and secondary schools and the establishment of a University. Under the long regime of Mr. Macandrew, the province came to rely upon its own resources and to trust to its future, and when the struggle against Abolition began, no province held out more strenuously for the continuance of “the old order,” which, in the nature of things, had of necessity to pass away. But though the provincial system was finally overthrown, its good deeds, in the form of public works and education systems, survive it; and it is doubtful if any other form of government would so well have suited the requirements of the colony, especially in the case of “class settlements” like Otago and Canterbury while passing through the early stages of their growth.
, commonly known as the founder of Otago.was born in 1784 in Edinburgh, Scotland, and was the son of Mr. James Cargill, a Writer to the Signet. The ancestor of the family was one of the Scottish martyrs and a leader of the Covenanters; namely, Donald Cargill who was put to death in Edinburgh in 1688.in early life William Cargill entered the British Army, and, becoming a captian in the 74th Highlanders he served with them in Indian, and afterwards in the Peninsular war, for which he gained the medal and seven clasps. Though saverely wounded at the battle of Busaco.he was afterwards able to rejoin his regiment, and went through to the end of the war, finishing at the battle of Toulouse. in 1820 he retired from the Army, and was then in business in Edinburgh for some years; he was subsequently manager of a bank in England, and was otherwise variously employed till he took up the scheme for the settlement of Otago. After several years spent in promoting the scheme, captian Cangill at length sailed for New Zealand in the ship “John Wycliff,” Captain Daly, accompanied by the first dcatachment of settlers, and bringing with him his wife two of his sons and three daughters. They arrived at Port Chamers on the 23rd of March, 1848 and Captian Cargill at once assumed the leadership of the settlement, For some time afterwards he acted as agent for the New Zealand Company in Otago, and, on the establishment of the Provincial Govertnment in 1853. became the first Superintendent; he was unanimausly re-elected two years later, and continued to hold the office till the 3rd of Janauary, 1860.In the first General Assembly, which sat in Auckland, Captain Cargill represented Otago for four years resigning in 1859. He died on the 6th of August, 1860, aged seventy-six; Mrs Cargill lived ten years longer, when she, too, passed away in Dunedin, at the ripe old age of eighty-one.They had had a family of seventeen children, of Captain Cargill's daughters, the eldest, Christiana, married the late Mr.William Henry Cutten, who came outin the first ship.and was long well Known in Dunedin as Chief Commissioner of Crown Lands, and as member of the Provincial Council and General Assembly, Mrs Cutten still resides in Dunedin, The second daughter, Anne married the late Hon. John Hyde Harris.barrister and solicitor, who filled the offices of District Judge and Superintendent of the provine, and also served in the Provincial and Legislative Councils.Mrs Harris died in 1881. Mrs Johnrobert, Who died in 1862.is still a resident of Dunedin.Of Captian Cargill's sons, two accompanied him when he first came to the colony. John the elder, married the eldest daughter of Mr.John, and had a large family. He was one of the earliest to ongage in sheepfarming and
was one of the most prominent and popular of New Zealand politicains; he is referred to in the general introduction to this volume, and at page 78 of the Wellington volume of the Cyclpedia. Many years before Mr.Julius Vogel arrived in New Zealand, Mr. Macandrew used to astonish the old identities of Dunedin by his energy in advocating goahead schemes of steamers, tunnels, rallways, telegraphs, and other startling undertakings .He was launghed at in the House of Representatives at Wellington for suggesting the advisabillity of encoraging direct steam communication with the old Country. Those who look back at subsiquent events will agree that Mr, Macandrew displayed an amount of forethought and shrewness which few men possess. After his death in 1887, a meeting of citizens was convened by the mayor of Dunedin, at which it was resolved to raise by public subseription a sum of money for the purpose of providing a memorial to Mr.Macandrew's memory.Over 700 was subnsribed, and it was decided to devote 500 for the establishment of an Macandrew schelarship at the university of Otago, and the balance for the erection of a suitable monument. The statue was placed at the northern corner of the Triangle, and is in the form of a half-life size marble bust mounted on a handsome pedestal of Walkawa stone, bearing the inseription “in memory of james Macandrew, late member of the House of Representatives, and formerly Supeintendent of the Province of Otago. Born 1819; died 1887. Erected by public services.” it was unvelled on the 4th of July, 1891. The Late Mr.J. Macandrew.
, the third Superintendent of the Province of Otago, was born in Bengal, on the 4th of August 1810. After receiving his education at Addiscombe College, he returned to India as an artillery cadet, and remained in the military service of the East India Company till 1851. He visited New Zealand in 1852, and published the result of his impressions in a volume entitled A “Summer's Excursion.” He also published a poem in blank verse, entitled, ”the First Chirstian Martyr in New Zealand.” Major Richardson went back to England, but returned to settle in the Molyneux district of Otago in 1856. Subsequently he was elected to the provincial Council of Otago, of which he was chosen Speaker. This office the resigned in November, 1864, on Becoming Postmaster-General in the Weld Government, in which he subsequently held also the portfolio of Commissioner of Customs. Sir John was a member of the Stafford Government, without portfolio, from August, 1866 to May, 1868. He was a member of the House of Representatives for Dunedin from 1861 to 1863, when he resigned, but was returned for a Taranaki constituency in 1866. Having been nominated to the Legislative Council, he was appointed Speaker of that body, and occupied the position for nearly eleven years, in recognition of his honour of Knighthood from her Majesty Queen Victoria. Sir John, who was Chancellor of the 16th of December, 1878. He was capable and conscientions in all his dealing, and a man who neither feared his opponents, nor courted favour from his friends.
, who was for two years Superintendent of the Pronvince of Otago, was born at Deddington, Oxfordshire, England, in 1825. he was educated for the legal profession. In 1850 he arrived in New Zealand, and settled in Otago.where he practised as a barrister and solicitor for nine years. Mr. Harris was appointed a district judge and resident magistrate. He
, Superintendent of the Province of Otago, was born in Edinburgh in 1823. After gaining commercial experience in London, he went to St Helena, where he remained seven years, when he removed to New Zealand, and arrived in Otago, accompanied by his wife and family, on the 26th of Novembr, 1857. He was elected to the Provincial Council in February, 1859, and at the general election for the Council, early in the following year, he was returned at the head of the poll for Dunedin. He occupied a seat on the Executive, and was subsequently Provincial Secretary. Another general election took place in 1863, when Mr. Dick was again returned for Dunedin, at the top of the poll. and still retained the position of Provincial Secretary. He succeeded Mr. Harris as Superintendent of the Province, in August, 1865, but was displaced by Mr. Macandrew, in February, 1867, when his first term expired. Mr. Dick died at his residence. Queen street, Dunedin. on the 5th of February. 1900, in his seventy-seventh year. He is further referred to in this volume as having been a member of the House of Representatives.
The city of Dunedin lies near the head of Otago Harbour, which is divided into two sections—the Upper and Lower Harbours. The Lower Harbour, from Taiaroa Heads to Port Chalmers, is six miles long. The Upper Harbour, from Port Chalmers to Dunedin, is seven miles long. Dunedin is thus about thirteen miles from the Heads in a north-easterly direction; but on the south-east, the Ocean Beach is only two miles from the centre of the city, and St. Clair, the marine suburb, is only three miles from the Octagon.
The business part of the city lies on the flat foreshore along the bay. Behind, to north and west, are sloping hills, which are the residential quarters of the town. The city proper is about two miles and a half long by seven-eighths of a mile wide, and is bounded on the west side by the Town Belt, a reserve including about 500 acres of native bush and waste land, in a strip nearly a quarter of a mile broad.
The city proper is surrounded by a series of suburbs on all sides but the east, where it is washed by the waters of the bay. Between Dunedin and the outer sea, on the south, lie South Dunedin and St. Kilda, with Caversham to the west of them, also running down to the sea coast. North of Caversham, and west of the city, lie in succession Mornington and Roslyn, along the hills overlooking the flat. North of Roslyn and north-west of the city, is Maori Hill; east of Maori Hill, and to east of the city, is North-East Valley; while West Harbour lies south of North-East Valley, and on the coast between Dunedin and Port Chalmers.
The country immediately around Dunedin is now somewhat bare, but when the first settlers arrived, the hills were covered with an unbroken stretch of bush. Mr. McIndce in “Picturesque Dunedin” writes: “The view which the site of Dunedin and its surroundings presented to the beholder from the bay before the theodolite touched the soil, was truly magnificent. Nature displayed herself in her most gorgeous attire. From the shore brink up to and over the lower ranges inland, and stretching east and west as far as the eye could compass, was one great ocean of forest, over whose vast expanse not one break could be seen. There, arrayed in colours equal to those of the rainbow in number, the foliage of the enormous varieties of trees and shrubs formed a groundwork which to the appreciative eye was a source of joy, which now to realise would require a visit to some primeval virgin forest of New Zealand.” It is hard to conceive North-East Valley and the hills around Roslyn and Mornington as they must have been then. But though, except in the South Valley and in a few secluded spots, most of the bush has vanished, Dunedin is by no means deficient in scenic beauty. The view from Roslyn or Mornington heights, including a highly varied landscape and a splendid outlook upon the harbour and the sea, is a source of the just pride to the townsflok. On the other hand, the view of “Dunedin from the Bay,” so warmly eulogised by New Zealand's first laureate, Thomas Bracken, supplies a prospect unequalled among the colony's coastal towns. Happily the configuration of the town lends itself to a proper appreciation of these fine scenic effects. The business portion of the city proper on the flat is intersected by the long continuous street which, as George Street or Princes Street, forms perhaps the most imposing channel of commerce to be seen in the colony. But running at angles from this main highway, roads mount every spur, and thread every gully; so that it is possible to get, from many points of vantage, varying prospects of the city and its surroundings. Even along the line of George Street and Princes Street, and the streets parallel to them, there is sufficient rise and fall to enhance the architectural effect of such imposing buildings as Knox Church and First Church; and the break occasioned by the Octagon effectually redeems even the great main thoroughfare from any charge of barrenness and monotony. With the possible exception of Auckland, Dunedin may well claim to be the most picturesque and attractive of the provincial centres of New Zealand.
Dunedin has always enjoyed exceptional commercial advantages by virtue of its position. It is the natural and necessary outlet of nearly all Otago's inland produce; and, in addition to the sea-borne traffic which reaches the Upper Harbour, it enjoys the benefit of the great and lucrative trade centred in Port Chalmers. For many years past efforts have been made to organise the city on the most modern municipal lines; and the establishment of electric traction and motive power on a large scale is now encouraging further advances in that direction, and towards that municipal amalgamation which modern cities, the world over, now constantly lean to as a thing necessary to progress.
The population of Dunedin city, at the date of the last statistics available, was 24,879 (11,757 males, 13,122 females). This was less than the total for Wellington city (43,638) or Auckland city (34,213), but considerably ahead of Christchurch city (17,538). The suburbs around Dunedin totalled, in all, 27,511 (13,062 males, 14,449 females), bringing up the grand total for city and suburbs combined to 52,390. The suburbs of Auckland contain 33,013 inhabitants, of Christchurch 39,503, and of Wellington 5,706. The grand totals in order of magnitude for the four provincial centres are thus, as follows:
Dunedin, including suburbs, thus comes only third on the list of towns; and the rate of increase in population here has been less during the last ten years than for any other provincial centre. Between 1891 and 1901 the population of Wellington rose from 34,190 to 49,344 (an increase of 44.3 per cent), while in Auckland it rose from 51,287 to 67,226 (an increase of 31.1 per cent); in Christchurch from 47,846 to 57,041 (19.2 per cent); and in Dunedin, from 45,869 to 52,390 (only 14.2 per cent).
The suburbs of Dunedin are more uniformly peopled than those of any other New Zealand city. South Dunedin has 5,363 inhabitants, Caversham 5,266, Roslyn 4,632, Mornington 4,008, Northeast Valley 3,527. Below these, at a considerable interval, come St. Kilda with 1,700, Maori Hill 1,550, West Harbour 1,465.
With respect to the distribution of males and females, it is noticeable that in every large city in the colony but Wellington the females greatly preponderate; and even in Wellington there are nearly 500 more females than males. In Dunedin the proportion of males to females is much the same as in Auckland and Christchurch.
In the smaller boroughs of West Harbour, Maori Hill, and St. Kilda the males and females are more evenly divided. But the statistics quoted show that in Dunedin, as everywhere else in the colony, the female vote is, for political purposes, a great power in the land.
The climate of Otago varies a great deal according to the locality. Briefly, it may be said that, as far as rainfall goes, the east and south coasts are damp, the centre is dry, and the west and south-west coasts are remarkably wet. The Maniototo Plains, Idaburn and Manuherikia Valleys, and the country towards the great central lakes, fall within the dry belt. The prevailing winds, as generally throughout New Zealand, are north-east and south-west, the latter especially being regarded as the wind of storm and rain. On the West Coast, especially in the fiord country, which, strictly speaking, is a part of Southland, the nor'-west wind, a damp warm wind from the tropical seas, precipitates its moisture in the form of heavy rain, as much as 100 inches falling in the year. But the average fall is only from thirty to thirty five inches. For 1901 the rainfall at Dunedin was exceptionally high, 37.5 inches. The temperature during the same year varied from 25 degrees Fahrenheit in July, to 83 degrees Fahrenheit in February. The climate is thus not subject to any serious extreme of either
It will be observed that Dunedin recorded fewer deaths per 1000 in 1901 than any other New Zealand city but Wellington. Including suburbs, however, Dunedin's position is rather worse; as Christchurch alone surpasses her in the percentage of deaths, though Auckland is a very close third. It is noticeable that the inclusion of suburbs makes a serious difference to the figures for all these cities except Wellington. The reason, of course, is that Wellington has a very small suburban population, while the comparatively large numbers of residents in the suburbs of other cities live under more healthy conditions than those who dwell within the city limits. Of course, this explanation only makes the superiority of Wellington's figures to those of Dunedin and the other cities all the more startling; especially when it is remembered that less than twenty years ago Wellington was notoriously the most unhealthy town in New Zealand. The change has been brought solely by better drainage and improved sanitation; and this naturally suggests that in Dunedin, especially in the suburbs, much yet remains to be done to improve the hygienic conditions of life. Assuredly the Otago climate cannot be held responsible for the position that Dunedin takes among colonial cities with respect to its health statistics.
Further light is thrown upon the public health of Dunedin by the deaths per 1000 for 1901, excluding all infants under one year. Including suburbs, the figures were:
It is plain, therefore, that the proportion of deaths among infants is higher in Dunedin than in Auckland or Wellington. But the percentage of deaths of childeren under five years of age to the total number of deaths is as follows:
Here Dunedin has by far the best figures, and the difference shows that the hygienic and climatic conditions there are less unfavourable to young children than to those of more advanced age. This fact is borne out by the subjoined statisties, which give the average death rate per year for infants to every 100 births, taken over a period of five years, in the chief cities, excluding suburbs.
Moreover, with respect to febrile and zymotic diseases, which depend for their virulence chiefly on a combination of bad sanitary and climatic conditions, Dunedin compares favourably with the rest of the colony. These diseases were in 1901 responsible for seventy deaths in Auckland, fifty-four in Christchurch, forty-six in Wellington, and only thirty-nine in Dunedin. In 1900 Wellington had the lowest average for zymotic diseases, with Dunedin next in order. There was an increase in Dunedin, in 1901, of deaths from influeuza, but that increase was shared by every other city in the colony. It may be added that more deaths occurred in Dunedin in 1901 from phthisis than at any other centre in New Zealand. The figures were: Dunedin 68, Wellington 55, Christchurch 43, Auckland 41. The Dunedin return is considerably above the level of the previous year, fifty-three being the number of deaths from phthisis in 1900. But it is well known that the dry climate of the uplands in Central Otago is favourable to consumptive patients, and Dunedin probably pays the penalty of many other health resorts, in attracting to it hopeless cases which only come to swell its death roll. It is as well to
It can therefore be justly claimed that Dunedin, if not the healthiest city in the healthiest country in the world, approaches very closely to that level of hygienic perfection.
The general appearance of Dunedin, as of most colonial cities, is marred by survivals from the early days. The few relics of the original fern-tree cottages built by the first settlers are too picturesque to be considered a defect; but during the “rush” that followed the discovery of gold in Otago, many buildings were run up regardless of appearance, and without any pretension to architectural effect. Even now there is far too much weatherboard and galvanised iron about Dunedin to allow it to do full justice to its lovely situation; but the public and commercial institutions of modern date will compare for dignity and impressiveness with the buildngs of any other city in the colony.
Perhaps the most architecturally noticeable structures in Dunedin are the two churches, First Church and Knox Church. First Church, which is built on Church Hill overlooking the harbour, is a building in the decorated Gothic style, with a handsome spire of 175 feet in height. The original First Church was built in 1848, on the present site of the Standard Insurance Company. The present First Church is really the fourth in descent from the original sanctuary consecrated by the Rev. Dr Burns. Knox Church is a somewhat less ornate example of the Gothic style; but it is much beautified by the clinging ivy with which it is almost completely enshrouded. The Episcopalian pro-Cathedral, St. Paul's, was begun in 1862, but the spire had to be taken down some years back as it was crumbling away. St. Matthew's and All Saints' Anglican Churches, and
The University buildings suffer in general appearance from the fact that they lie rather low, and that the surroundings are somewhat commonplace. The main building, in domestic Gothic style, in dark basalt, pointed with Oamaru stone, has a thoroughly academical appearance; but the structure as a whole is stil evidently unfinished.
The Boys' High School, on the west side of the city, is a large building in the Tudor style. It has accommodation for 450 scholars. The public schools of Dunedin, as elsewhere throughout the colony, are all somewhat plain and more or less alike.
The Supreme Court is the only one of the public buildings that can be said to be architecturally impressive. It was originally intended to be the Provincial Council Chamber, and is therefore more pretentious than the Post and Telegraph Offices, Custom House, Public Works Office and other buildings erected on more strictly utilitarian principles, by the General Government.
The Cargill Monument-Otago's tribute to the memory of the revered founder of the province-stands between the Custom House and the Bank of New Zealand. Unlike most public monuments, it is really artistic and decorative. It is a good specimen of the English Gothic manner.
The Hospital, a large building in the Italian style, was originally intended for a public market, though it was expected that it might also have to accommodate the Colonial Legislature when-if-ever- the seat of Government was changed to Dunedin. The Lunatic Asylum is said to be the largest public building in the colony. It is situated at Seacliff, about twenty miles north of Dunedin, and is a commanding structure in the Scottish baronial manner. Of course it adds nothing to the architectural effects of Dunedin, but it is mentioned here as a noteworthy public building, not altogether unconnected with the city.
The banks of Dunedin are much superior to the general run of such buildings in external appearance. The Colonial Bank, which is certainly one of the best situated and most imposing buildings in the city, was built originally as a Post Office. But after being handed over to the University Council and used as a Museum, it was sold to the Colomal Bank corporation. It is now rather obscured by the Grand Hotel, and the Colonial Mutual building opposite. The Union Bank, with a fine Corinthian portico, also suffers from comparison with Wain's five-storied hotel across the way. The Bank of New Zealand, at the corner of Princes Street and Rattray Street, is also built in the classic style, and the banking hall is beautifully decorated. The Australian Mutual Provident buildings, after an Italian type, and the New Zealand Insurance Company's buildings at the corner of Crawford and Rattray Streets, are fully up to the high level of architecture affected by successful insurance companies throughout these colonies. The Bank of Australasia, built originally for the Otago Daily Times and Witness Company, looks quite insignificant beside them.
The wholesale merchants of Dunedin have certainly helped to improve the architectural appearance of the city. In no other town in the colony are so many handsome warehouses to be found. Ross and Glendining's in Stafford Street, Brown, Ewing and Co.'s in Manse Street, Bing, Harris and Co.'s and Butterworth Bros.' in High Street, and-most imposing of all-Sargood, Son and Ewen's in lower High Street, are buildings that do credit to the city, and to the firms that have erected them. There are many other commercial buildings-for example, the Union Steam Ship Company's offices, the “Evening Star” premises, the Universal Bond-which without any special architectural merit, bear witness to the mercantile activity that prevails in Dunedin. But the most imposing structure hitherto unnoticed is the Town Hall. Though the building is not completed, the Italian facade produces a fine architectural effect; and from the bell-tower, 165 feet in height, one of the finest spectacular views in the city can be obtained.
These few details are sufficient to show that there is a considerable variety of architectural treatment to be observed in Dunedin streets; and that, though the city is full of irregularities in building, there are in Dunedin more dignified and handsome structures than can be found in other colonial cities of the same size or importance.
So far back as 1862 the first attempt was made to provide Dunedin with a regular water supply. In December of that year a Waterworks Company was formed, and by the end of 1863 a scheme was devised and submitted to the Provincial Government by Messrs Millar and Hutchison. In August, 1866, Mr. D. Proudfoot began the work of construction, and in December, 1867, the water was finally turned into the mains by the Mayor, Mr. J. H. Harris. The waterworks were transferred to the control of the City Council early in 1875. The water was taken from the Leith, and was collected in a reservoir near Woodhaugh. It was of rather dubious quality, while the constant growth of the city soon made it plain that, expensive as the first scheme had been, a larger supply was needed. In December, 1877, the city supply absolutely broke down; and after a long and bitter controversy the City Council decided to augment the supply by bringing in water from a considerable distance. The Silverstream, twenty miles away, was laid under contribution, and in December, 1881, at a cost of an additional £80,000, the water supply was brought into reasonable relation with the requirements of the town. The water is carried down to the city reservoir by a large race, and is in quality quite satisfactory, while an extension of the present waterworks, still further supplementing the Leith reservoir, could augment the quantity available for consumption to almost any desirable extent.
Of the drainage system of Dunedin little can be said. Dunedin, like most other colonial cities, is badly in want of a complete sewage system, with connections from every house. So far, the drainage system is not at a sufficiently advanced stage to admit of detailed description. What is required is not the casual construction of drains and sewers, according as the need for them happens to arise, but a comprehensive scheme based upon the best professional advice obtainable—a scheme that shall include
The picturesque situation of Dunedin, and the wide extent of open country surrounding it, may seem to render special recreation reserves superfluous. As a matter of fact, Dunedin is not so well provided in this respect as several other cities in the colony. Much the most important reserve is what is known as the Town Belt. This strip of land runs around the land side of Dunedin, with an average breadth of nearly a quarter of a mile. As the city is two miles and a half long, and nearly a mile wide, the total area of the Town Belt is about 500 acres; and a large portion of it is still covered by the untouched native bush. A road known as the Queen's Drive runs down the Belt through its whole length, and affords many beautiful glimpses of town and harbour. “This Belt,” says the Jubilee number of the “Otago Daily Times” in 1893, “has been tenaciously held sacred against all attempts to use it for other purposes. At this period, fifty years after the settlement, there are within five minutes' walk of the hum of the city, leafy dells and murmuring rills, where the native bird still pipes his melodies of restricted song, and where the tired feet can feel the sward and the weary eye rest upon the beautiful landscape. Such a heritage is almost priceless.” The charm of the Town Belt consists chiefly in its picturesque wildness; and, indeed, Dunedin has always had the unenviable reputation of neglecting the appearance of its public reserves. Writing about 1890, the author of the historical sketch in “Picturesque Dunedin” says: “The condition of the reserves is a public disgrace. Each and all of them, intended to beautify the town, are instead a blotch on its fair features.” The Octagon and the Triangle, which are invaluable if regarded as breathing spaces, naturally lend themselves to ornamental treatment. But though they have been planted and a great deal of money has been expended upon them in various ways, they certainly do not adorn the town. There is a Botanic Garden at the north end of the city, in which there was originally a fine display of native bush. Much of this has been destroyed, and very little trouble has been taken to supply its place. In fact, the municipal authorities seem to have neglected their best opportunities for improving the natural beauties of Dunedin. The Water of Leith, with the lovely Nichol's Creek Falls, is practically a public asset, and money spent on clearing out the stream and getting rid of some of its sordid and ugly surroundings, would be a good investment for the city. In 1888, following the initiative of Mr. A. Bathgate, the Otago Institute appointed a committee to organise an Association which might undertake the improvement of Dunedin from a scenic point of view. In the same year a Reserves Conservation Society was formed; but neither of these bodies has done all that might be expected to beautify the town. The areas reserved for various sports-Tahuna Park, Carisbrook cricket ground, and other suburban athletic grounds-are far from picturesque; and even from the standpoint of the athlete, Dunedin, considering its size, is singularly ill supplied with convenient and accessible recreation reserves.
Port Chalmers is by no means so well adapted as Auckland, or even as wellington and Lyttelton harbours, for excursions of pleasure. At low water large areas of mudflat are exposed, or lie covered by only a few inches of water; and the deep channels between these dangerous patches require careful navigation. There is therefore comparatively little done in the way of regular excursions; but in spite of this it is possible with the help of a competent pilot to make some delightful trips round and about the harbour. Bracken, in his enthusiastic verses, has lauded the charms of “Dunedin from the Bay,” but there is much besides the picturesquely situated town to attract the attention and admiration of the tourist on such a voyage. In both the Upper and Lower Harbour there is a great variety of bays and inlets, which, in many cases almost land-locked, all seem to have a special beauty of their own. Koputai Bay, once a great centre of native tribal life, is one of the most charming of these little recesses; while Carey, Deborah, Hamilton and Dowling Bays are all worthy of notice and inspection. Turning at Harrington Point, and running back past the Maori Kaike, the
Apart from the Lakes district, which demands separate notice, there are many portions of Otago and Southland which richly reward the tourist for any time that he may care to spend over them. The northern district, of which the chief town is Oamaru, seventy-eight miles by rail from Dunedin, contains much in the way of scenery to interest the traveller. The northern express, which leaves daily at 11 o'clock, runs along the picturesque but dangerous Blueskin Cliffs to Seacliff, and thence down to Merton, through some of the finest bush scenery still to be met in that portion of the province. Moeraki—fifty-six miles from Dunedin—is a beautiful watering place, and the great spherical cement boulders on the Kartigi Beach should not be missed. At Hampden or Otepopo—fifty-seven miles from Dunedin—there is much typical pastoral country intersected by rivers running through beautiful patches of native bush. Near Cormack's siding—seventy-three miles from Dunedin—is a huge deposit of diatomaceous earth peeuliarly interesting to geologists, and the quarries of the famous Oamaru lime stone are also worth inspection. Near Enfield the railway line runs through the crater of a great extinct volcano, which was later a large lake. A mile away is a swamp, where a huge deposit of moabones was found in 1891.
Oamaru itself is a remarkably well built town with broad and well-laid streets; while the scenery along the coast is strikingly bold and impressive. Going north-west from the Pukeuri Junction—six miles from Oamaru—the tourist follows a line to Kurow—forty-two miles. From this township, situated in bleak and desolate country, a coach road runs north of Pukaki—sixty-three miles—and so to the Mount Cook Hermitage—103 miles. At Otekaike on this line—
On the south side of Dunedin, the traveller may find considerable interest and entertainment by taking a trip up the much debated Otago Central line. This journey may now be extended for over 106 miles, but the major part of the country is desolate enough. The Wingatui viaduct is an engineering work of which the constructors of the line are justly proud. Though much of the country along this line is wild and barren, the Taieri and Maniototo Plains include some of the finest agricultural land in the colony, which affords a striking contrast to the bare hills around.
On the main south line from Dunedin, a trip to the Lower Taieri, including Waihola Lake, is a delightful experience; and the voyage from Henley to the mouth of the Taieri river, past the famous “Maori Leap” by steam launch, is one of the favourite holiday excursions of Dunedinites.
The Catlin's or Owaka district, in the south-east of the province, is now being rapidly opened by the railroad, and it will in time attract a large share of the tourist population that annually visits New Zealand. Owaka is seventy-two miles from Dunedin, nineteen miles from Balclutha, where the traveller changes trains, and 106 miles from Invercargill. The district is described in the Government Tourist Handbook as one of the prettiest places in the province. There is a large area of forest still almost untouched, and the tourist may occupy himself with shooting in the open country, boating on the Catlins Lake and fishing in the rivers. The Owaka river is famous as a troutstream. In the bush on Osborne Hill near the river are to be found some relies of Maori antiquity in the shape of half finished canoes decaying in the undergrowth. A trip to the Catlins river heads, and thence to the Blowhole and Tunnel Island, fills an interesting day. The Cathedral Caves on Chasland's Beach, twenty-six miles from Owaka, should on no account be omitted. The trip occupies two or three days, but the beauty of these little known sandstone caverns renders them well worth the trouble. The Tautuku Peninsula, an old whaling station, lies close at hand, with many relies of its departed industry. To the north and west of this charming piece of country there still stretches the Tautuku Bush, one of the largest fragments of the original forest country of Otago yet uncleared.
But infinitely the most interesting part of Otago to tourists must be the Lake district and the Alpine country. The Southland Lakes are described separately in the Southland section, which also deals with the wonderful West Coast Sounds. But the Otago Lakes were known to fame before Te Anau and Manapouri became famous as tourist resorts; and Wakatipu, Wanaka and Hawea need not fear comparison with any similar scenery in any quarter of the globe. The centre of the Otago Lake district is Queenstown on Lake Wakatipu, and this can be reached in a variety of ways. The most attractive route is perhaps via Invercargill and the Waimea line, but from Dunedin the most direct approach is by rail to Kingston—174 miles—or the foot of Lake Wakatipu passing by Lumsden—137 miles—where the road diverges towards Te Anau and Manapouri. A second way is to go by train to Lawrence—fifty-four miles—in the Tuapeka goldfields, and thence on by coach via Roxburgh, Alexandra, Clyde and Cromwell—131 miles to Queenstown. This train journey takes the tourist through the Taieri and Tokomairiro Plains, agriculturally the best land in the province, and then through some of the most famous mining districts in Otago. A third way is to go up the Otago Central line as far as Kokonga—seventy-four miles—and go on by coach to either Wanaka or Wakatipu—139 miles away. Queenstown is 154 miles from the point where the coach journey begins. Pembroke on Lake Wanaka is about forty-one miles from Queenstown by coach road; and Lake Hawea is about ten miles further on Queenstown thus forms, as before mentioned, the natural centre of the Otago Lakes country, and from this point an astonishing variety of shorter trips may be made in various directions to allow the tourist to climb mountains, explore glaciers, and inspect lakes and waterfalls. From Kingston, at the southern end of the lake, to Queenstown, is water trip of twenty-five miles From Queenstown on to Glenorchy at the head of the lake is another thirty-five miles; and from Glenorchy and kinloch on opposite sides of Wakatipu, all the most beautiful Alpine country of Otago lies within easy reach. The Routeburn Valley and Lake Harris Saddle, the Dart Valley, Rere Lake, Paradise and Diamond Lake, the
The Government of New Zealand has wisely made every exertion to attract tourists by rendering the Lakes trip as easy and economical as can reasonably be expected. Special excursion fares are arranged during the summer season—from December to the end of March—; and, as the ordinary train service on either the Otago or Southland lines leads ultimately to the Lakes, it is possible to reach them with a minimum of inconvenience and delay at any season of the year. The steam service on Lake Wakatipu has just been reorganised by the Government, and an attempt is being made to connect the Canterbury and Otago Alpine districts by encouraging trips along the Pembroke route to Mount Cook, and over the Haast Saddle to Westland. But within its own limits Otago provides the tourist with ample opportunities for exploration and adventure, in the midst of scenery that neither the Swiss Alps nor the Rocky Mountains nor the Himalayas can surpass. In addition to its scenery Otago offers many inducements to tourists from other lands in the way of sport. The Acclimatisation Societes of Southland and Otago have done much by their self-sacrificing labours to render the southern half of the colony a sportsman's paradise. The two forms of amusement most attractive to the stranger are deer-stalking and fishing. As to the former, it is now generally understood that New Zealand can provide deer-stalking that would soon make the fortune of landholders in Scotland or Norway if it were available there. Fallow deer are mostly to be found in the Blue Mountains near Tapanui—within 100 miles of Dunedin by train—; and they may be shot during April or May. Red deer in large numbers roam the mountain country round Lake Hawea, and may be killed from the middle of March to the middle of May. Some splendid bags have been made by both local and foreign sportsmen, and for a low licensing fee the tourist may enjoy sport that the American millionaires who buy up Scotch hills and moors may often sigh for in vain.
Trout fishing is now one of the recognised pursuits of the leisured class who visit this colony every summer in search of recreation. The rivers and lakes of Otago and Southland have been stocked with brown trout, as well as the Loch Leven and Scottish burn trout, and all these have increased and multiplied exceedingly. The brown trout in particular in these waters reaches a size undreamed of in Europe. In Lake Wakatipu they have been netted up to twenty-eight pounds in weight; while ten pound and fifteen pound fish are not at all uncommon. The other Alpine lakes—Te Anau, Manapouri, Hayes, Diamond—are full of trout, but they have not yet been caught with rod and line.
The best rod streams are: The Waitati, near Dunedin (fly), Shag (fly and minnow), Waipahi (fly and minnow), Pomahaka (minnow), Waiwera (fly), Otameta (fly), Jacob's River, Waiau and Waitaki (minnow), Kakanui and Mararoa (fly and minnow). But fly fishing can be pursued with success in scores of smaller streams throughout the province. Of the sport to be had in these southern waters it is sufficient to quote the following records from the Waiau (minnow): In one day six fish weighing eighty-nine pounds, including one fish twenty-two pounds and a half: in two hours to one rod, eighty-six pounds of fish; in one week to three rods, 560 pounds of fish or an average of eighty pounds per day. These takes are perhaps exceptional, but they help to explain why votaries of the rod, the world over, are beginning to regard New Zealand as the anglers' chosen country; and nothing is so likely to attract tourists to this colony as the certainty that they can enjoy sport of this exceptional nature under pleasant conditions and with very little trouble or expense.
By an ordinance passed in 1864 the Education Board was authorised to assist in the formation of public and school libraries, by subsidising to the extent of £ for £ any district or town that chose to raise subscriptions for such a purpose. This public library scheme was so successful as to attract much attention from strangers and visitors to the colony. The last report published by the Education Board unders the old provincial system shows that, up to 1875, there were eighty-eight public libraries connected with the Board—seventeen public libraries with reading rooms attached, sixty-three public district libraries, and eight purely school libraries. The influence of this system has been in the highest degree beneficial to the settlers in the more remote parts of the province. The Otago Education Report for 1872 says: “The public library books are not only to be seen in the more comfortable and accessible dwellings in the settled districts. It is not an uncommon thing to find recently published books of a high class bearing the Board's stamp upon them in the shepherd's solitary abode among the hills, and in the digger's hut in gullies accessible only by mountain bridle tracks.”
In addition to the libraries thus formed, the Education Board has assisted many public institutions, hospitals, and gaols in the purchase of books, and the Dunedin Athenaeum has thus received valuable aid. But Dunedin city itself has little to boast of in this respect. The Athenaeum is a subscription library, and though moderately well patronised, it will bear no comparison in size or practical utility with the splendid institutions available for the reading public in Christchurch, Wellington and Auckland. The original Mechanics' Institute was founded in 1851 by the Rev. Mr. Burns and Mr. Macandrew. But the present Athenaeum, which superseded the older institution, dates from 1859. The library is maintained entirely by private subscription, and is managed by a committee of twelve appointed by subscribers. It contains both reference and circulating departments. There are nearly 21,000 books in the two departments. The membership numbers nearly 1000, and the annual revenue of the institution is over £1000. A movement has been set on foot for the foundation of a Free Library, and an appeal was once made to Mr. Carnegie for assistance
The Museum is contained in the buildings of the Otago University, and is managed by the governing body of that institution. The collection, which formed the nucleus of the Museum, was begun by Dr Hector for the Dunedin Exhibition of 1865. In 1868 the specimens were allotted house room in the Old University buildings in Princes Street, and £100 a year was voted towards the extension of the collection. In 1873 the Provincial Council granted £500 a year to its support, and this was increased in 1875 to £600 a year. The foundations of the building in Great King Street were laid in 1874. The structure and fittings cost about £12,500, and the Museum was thrown open to the public in August, 1877. In the same year a Bill was passed by the General Assembly transferring the control of the institution to the Otago University Council.
The plan of the original building was sufficiently comprehensive. The south wing is intended for the New Zealand collection, and includes an aquarium; the north wing was meant for the technological and ethnological department, with a section for geology and mineralogy. The main hall was meant for foreign Natural History collection. The Museum contains class rooms, a Natural Science laboratory, and a valuable library. The directors have wisely endeavoured to specialise the collection in certain definite directions, and the Museum, though it represents other branches of science, is distinctly a zoological museum. It is arranged on a neat and methodical system, and ranks high among the natural history collections in the southern world.
One portion of the Museum buildings is devoted to a Public Art Gallery. The collection originated in the purchase of a number of the pictures shown at the New Zealand and South Seas Exhibition in Dunedin in 1890, and the gallery is now maintained by public subcription. There are seventy-five pictures in the gallery, the work of English, European and colonial artists. Of these pictures, fifty are in oils, and twenty-five in water colours. In addition to these there is on view a collection of photographs with some engravings and lithographs. Twenty-five of the pictures, and nearly all the photographs, belong to the Otago Art Society; but the rest of the contents of the gallery are public property vested in trustees. On the whole, though limited in size, the collection is one of which the city is justly proud, and which cannot fail to excrcise an important influence upon its culture and artistic tastes.
From an early period of the city's history the municipal authorities appear to have turned their attention towards the question of public baths. But their first attempts in this direction do not seem to have met with general approval. The author of the historical sketch in “Picturesque Dunedin” writes on this subject as follows: “The ridiculous efforts made by the combined wisdom of the councillors in making provision in this behalf, culminated in the baths at Logan's Point; the waters of which are credited with containing a good admixture of city drainage.” It was not till the end of 1884 that the Corporation baths at Pelichet Bay were formally opened. On the salt water baths at St. Clair, which continue to be the most popular bathing resort of the citizens of Dunedin and its suburbs. The popularity of salt water bathing led further to the establishment of the Victoria Baths in Frederick Street, in 1894; and, generally speaking, Dunedin enjoys facilities for public bathing and swimming at least equal to those of any other city in the colony.
The magnificent stretches of water in the Upper and Lower Harbours have from the earliest days of the settlement encouraged the inhabitants of Dunedin and Port Chalmers to take an interest in boating. The Dunedin Amateur Boating Club, founded in 1891, is one of the most flourishing though by no means the oldest club in Otago, with assets of over £1,600 in value, and an active membership of over 100 for 1902. The other Dunedin clubs are the Otago Boating Club and the North End Club. Port Chalmers is the headquarters of two flourishing clubs, the Port Chalmers Boating Club, and the Queen's Drive Boating Club; but the interest of Otago in boating is not confined to Dunedin. Oamaru has an amateur rowing club of its own; and the ports of Southland keep up the traditional interest in the sea-boating which may be supposed to have been inspired in the first place by the whalers who were the pioneers of settlement on that storm-beaten coast. Riverton has two clubs, the Riverton Boating Club and the Kia Ora; Invercargill has two, the Invercargill and the Railway Boating Club, While the Awarua Club has its headquarters on the Bluff Harbour. All these clubs are affiliated to the Otago Rowing Association, which is located in Dunedin, and supervises the provincial regattas held annually at Port Chalmers, Invercargill, Waihola and elsewhere. Dunedin is thus the centre of the rowing interests of Otago, and the success of the Otago Club in many interprovincial contest is a proof of the enthusiasm with which this form of athletics is supported.
As to sailing, Dunedin Harbour is distinctly unsafe for yachting, by reason of the sudden squalls that sweep over it; and the Otago coast is too exposed and stormy to encourage deep sea sailing for amusement.
To any stranger who wishes to see Dunedin and the Harbour from a variety of points of view, the most varied and picturesque excursion that can be suggested follows the Town Belt, along the Queen's Drive. As the Belt runs along the edge of the hills just above the town, the Drive affords a splendid vantage ground from which practically every quarter of the city and its surroundings can be inspected in turn.
The Peninsula road is a favourite resort for travellers who wish to see the city and the harbour from another point of view. Driving along the Anderson's Bay road to Shiel Hill, the stranger finds a splendid panorama gradually unrolled before him. “Immediately beneath on the left, the placid waters of the harbour lie sleeping in drowsiness, sinuously wending their course along through and among sand banks and rocky isles, bluff headlands and receding bays, until, absorbed in the great Pacific, they cease to be recognised. Away to the right, the majestic ocean spreads its limitless bosom wide open to the gaze, so that far as the eye can reach, any object on its surface can be descried.” To the north, with a field glass, the seacoast can be traced as far as Oamaru; to the south, on a clear day, the eye follows the sea shore as far as the Nuggets beyond the Clutha mouth. Half way on the road to Portobello is High Cliff, rising 800 feet, in a vertical barrier against the waves. From Portobello an easy drive across the neck of the Peninsula brings the tourist to Cape Saunders lighthouse. The Maori Kaike, with the grave of Taiaroa, is passed on the road to Taiaroa Head. The return trip is made by Ridley's Peninsula to Dunedin, round Broad Bay and Grassy Point to Macandrew's Bay, whence the city again displays itself at every turn of the road with new and varied charms. The total distance covered in this trip is about forty miles.
Another Peninsula expedition can be made starting from St. Clair, and passing along the beach or by Tahuna Park towards Lawyer's Head. The road dips down into Tomahawk Valley and leads out toward Seal Point and the Gull Rocks, where an impressive view of the sea and coast is obtained. From this point the tourist may cross the centre of the peninsula and return by the main road to Dunedin.
A picturesque excursion may be made to the Taieri mouth, via Corstorphine. The traveller passes through Caversham, and half way up Look Out Point takes the road which leads by Corstorphine to Green Island. From the hill top “the vast expanse of restless ocean, the capacious harbour, the long stretch of coast line from the far north to the Nuggets, the numerous indentations and promontories, half-covered reefs and sea-girt rocks, sandy beaches and beetling cliff, city and suburbs, seaport and shipping, hills, dales and mountains, the varied foliage of the native bush and the contrasting hues of introduced plants, herds and flocks, imposing mansions and sodhuts, and a hundred other objects which meet the eye, bestow an interest on the locality which very few other districts.
A great deal of picturesque country lies within easy reach of Dunedin, both on the Peninsula and in the hills around the city. The “drives” already described are of course accessible to tourists on foot; and there are many other interesting spots in and near the town, worth a ramble to those who prefer to see country slowly and to take in its beauties by degrees.
The walk to the Ross Creek Reservoir, one source of the city's water supply up the valley of the Leith, is still very enjoyable, though the bush which once covered the surrounding hills has now largely disappeared. The little stream with its rocky bed and steep fern-clad banks well repays the exertion of a scramble; and variety may be introduced into the expedition by returning across the upper end of the Kaikorai Valley and reaching home by way of Maori Hill.
A favourite expedition can be made to the Nichol's Creek waterfall, also in the Leith Valley. A four mile walk (or drive) brings the tourist to the stream; and a narrow path between precipitous rocks leads for half a mile from the confluence of Nichol's Creek, With the Leith stream, up to the first waterfall. It must be admitted that except after heavy rains there is little water in the fall; but no one has ever been disappointed in the subdued sylvan beauty of the scene. The mossy rocks, and the draperies of ferns and leaves that overhang them, form a delightful contrast to the rugged rocks half concealed by them; and the wanderer who has scrambled up the broken bed of the creek on a hot summer day finds the cool place of this secluded nook a welcome refuge and resting place. The adventurous tourist may if he chooses climb to the top of the fall further up the valley to the source of the stream, passing on the way the four upper falls, and wandering through bush still untouched by use of fire.
From the top of the hill, the traveller may return to Dunedin by Half Way Bush, or he may go on across country to the Reservoir and thence homeward. But if he desires to see more of the surrounding country he may walk or drive on to the saddle between the Leith and the Waitati, and thence follow the course of the Waitati down to Blueskin Bay. Thence by the road past the Blueskin cliffs on to the main track for Dunedin, the homeward route may be taken via Port Chalmers and the North-East Valley.
Another sport that is well worth a little trouble is the Silverstream Valley, a further source of water supply for the city. The road leads from the back of Roslyn through the Kaikorai Valley, past the Half Way Bush. A splendid view of the adjacent hills and of the city can be obtained on this route. The track crosses the Silverstream several times, and finally climbs over Flagstaff Hill, leading down again to the starting point. It is a most enjoyable little trip for any one who likes walking for the sake of exercise and scenery combined; for “in the romantic valley of the Silverstream we find a fair wilderness where mountain, wood and stream combine to form picture after picture to delight the eye.”
Another pleasant walk leads to Opoho and the Acclimatisation Fish Ponds; returning by the North-East Valley, Which forty years ago was absolutely covered with dense forest, and is now a fashionable and populous suburb. A climb to the top of Signal Hill, above Opoho, provides another magnificent view of the city and harbour. But if one desires a splendid prospect, or a walking trip within the neighbourhood of Dunedin, he should be prepared to climb Flagstaff Hill, 2192 feet in height. There are two ways of getting to the top, one by the Half Way Bush, the other by Ross Creek. The view from the top is blocked to the north by Mount Cargill, which is 100 feet higher, and itself provides a most commanding vantage point. To the east lies Dunedin
Though the greater part of Otago is very hilly, cycling is a favourite sport with athletes, as it is throughout the colony. The Dunedin Cycling Club is a successful and enterprising body, which has done much to promote this form of athletics, A large number of riders are in the habit of touring the more picturesque districts; and these excursions have been extended to the West Coast Sounds and the Sutherland Falls. Rides through North Otago to Oamaru have often extended over the border, and many cyclists have covered the whole distance between Christchurch and Dunedin on their machines. During the cycle season (September to may) road races are a favourite competition, the contests being arranged along the roads to Waihola, Henley, and other outlying towns. Generally speaking, the character of Otago roads is much better than might be expected from the broken nature of the country; and this fact has naturally encouraged a good deal of riding in and about the country settlements. Not much of the city itself is particularly well adapted to this kind of locomotion; but a large number of riders, including ladies, are to be seen about the streets in fine weather. Though Otago cannot compare with Canterbury in the facilities it offers for cycling, yet the southern province has produced many famous cyclists who, more particularly in road riding, have held their own with the best of New Zealand's “heroes of the wheel.”
The tides in Otago Harbour are not marked by any serious rise or fall. At Otago Heads the ordinary rise at springtides is from four to seven feet, but rarely so much as eight feet. At Part Chalmers the rise is from three and a half to seven feet, and at Dunedin from four to six feet and three-quarters. The tidal water, being spread over a large area, does not maintain so high a level near the upper end of the harbour as at the Heads.
The harbour works at Dunedin and Port Chalmers are largely due to the energy of the Otago Harbour Board, which was constituted in 1874. The Harbour Board has deepened the shorter of the two channels leading from Port Chalmers to Dunedin, dredged a large portion of the Upper Harbour, and reclaimed or proposes to reclaim perhaps 500 acres along the foreshore. Ships drawing twenty feet and more can now be brought up to Dunedin city wharves to discharge and load. These changes have naturally given a great impetus to the commercial prosperity of Dunedin.
The dock at Port Chalmers is under the control of the Otago Dock Trust, a body which is entirely distinct from the Otago Harbour Board. The dock is 328 feet
At Port Chalmers the total wharfage is 5100 lineal feet. There is a depth of thirty-four feet at the entrance of Otago Harbour, low water spring tides; the lower harbour, to Port Chalmers, will allow for a draught of twenty-four to twenty-five feet, and the upper harbour to Dunedin will admit of twenty-one feet draught.
The last shipping returns available for Dunedin give a striking proof of the commercial activity and enterprise of the province. In 1901, 561 vessels entered the port of Dunedin and 559 went out; as against 522 arrivals and 527 departures in 1900. Dunedin now claims shipping to the amount of 61,517 tons—sixty-eight steamers of 47,454 tons, and forty-seven sailing vessels of 14,063 tons; as against a total of 38,902 tons—six-one steamers and forty-seven sailing ships—in 1900. It must be remembered that, as the headquarters of the Union Steam Ship Company, Dunedin claims about fire-sixths of the total steam transport of the colony, not to mention one-third of the sailing vessels. The growth of the Union Company has been one of the most remarkable phenomena in the history of colonial commerce. Starting in 1875, the Union Steam Ship Company first bought out the New Zealand Steam Shipping Company, which had for some years done most of the coastal trade. In 1878 they took over McMeckan, Blackwood and Co.'s intercolonial fleet, and then possessed eleven steamers with a tonnage of 5500 tons. In 1902 the 100th steamer, owned by the company, was completed, bringing the present total up to fifty-seven vessels, with a capacity of 92,600 tons. The company's yearly consumption of coal is 250,000 tons, and the fact that the expenses in 1902, in Sydney alone, came to a quarter of a million sterling, may give some idea of the magnitude of the company's operation, and the part it plays in Australian commerce.
A general description has been given, in a former section, of the Otago system of railways. Though still inadequate to the needs of the province, the lines already completed provide communication between Dunedin and the more important towns and settlements throughout the provincial district.
The northern express leaves Dunedin for Christchurch every day at 11 o'clock The total distance, 230 miles, is done in nine hours and a quarter; the fares are:—Single first 22s 5d, second 12s 10d; return 44s 10d and 25s 8d. But the northern boundary of the province, the Waitaki, is less than 100 miles from Dunedin. By far the most important town in North Otago is Oamaru (seventy-eight miles), but Palmerston (forty-one miles) is a growing centre of population and trade. There is a train from Palmerston to Oamaru every day leaving at 7.15, and arriving at 10.45; fares, first 4s, second 2s 6d. Again, both Oamaru and Palmerston can be reached daily from Dunedin by the “slow” train, which leaves at 7.42, and covers the distance in five hours and a half, arriving at 1.10 p.m. From Oamaru to Timaru (fifty-three miles), a train runs three times daily, starting at 7.20, and arriving at 10.50, starting at 2.40 (express), and arriving at 4.26, starting at 4.45 and arriving at 8.20. As far north as Palmerston there are two other special trains from Dunedin—on Monday starting at 7.50 and arriving at 10.50; on Saturday starting at 1.15 and arriving at 4 p.m. Then there is always a 4 o'clock train from Dunedin to Palmerston, reaching its destination at 8 o'clock. Lastly there is the afternoon train for Oamaru which leaves Dunedin at 3 o'clock, and reaches its journey's end at 8 o'clock. The fare to Palmerston is; First class 5s 3d, second 3s 6d; to Oamaru, first class 9s 3d, second 6s; returns as usual are double the single fares.
From Oamaru several short lines radiate to the back country. A train leaves Oamaru daily for Duntroon (twenty-eight miles), Kurow and Hakataramea (forty-three miles) at 3.50, arriving at Hakataramea at 7.10; fares, first 5s 6d, second 3s 8d. From Oamaru to Elderslie (ten miles) and Tokarahi (twenty-five miles) two trains run daily; the early train starts at 6.50 and reaches Tokarahi at
Beyond Windsor Junction another branch runs off to Ngapara, seventeen miles from Oamaru. The morning train leaves Oamaru at 6.50 and reaches Ngapara at 8.20. The afternoon train leaves at 4.50, and gets to Ngapara at 6.20. These trains, however, do not run past Windsor Junction on Wednesday and Friday. Fares to Ngapara; first 2s 3d, second 1s 6d.
From Palmerston a branch line runs to Dunback, nine miles away. This train can be caught by the 7.42 from Dunedin on Monday, Wednesday and Friday, reaching Palmerston at 10.50. The branch train starts for Dunback at 11.10. On Tuesdays the afternoon train from Dunedin to Palmerston leaving at 4 o'clock, meets with the Dunback train leaving Palmerston at 7.40, and reaching Dunback at 8.15. Fares from Palmerston; first 1s 1d, second 9d.
The port line from Dunedin to Port Chalmers is naturally one of the busiest sections of the New Zealand railway system. The distance is only eight miles, and occupies about thirty-five minutes; fares, first 1s 1d, second 9d. Ordinarily there are eleven passenger trains on weekdays between 7 a.m. and 11.30 p.m., and three trains on Sundays.
The total distance from Dunedin to Invercargill by rail is 139 miles. Two trains run daily from Dunedin; the slower starting at 8, reaches Invercargill at 5.45; the express leaving at 9.5 gets to Invercargill by 3.15. The northern express leaves Invercargill daily at 11.15, and arrives at its destination at 5.5.
There is daily connection along this line between Dunedin and Mosgiel Junction, which lies ten miles south of Dunedin. Thirteen trains run daily as far as this point. In addition to the two Invercargill trains, an afternoon train leaves Dunedin for the south at 4.20, and gets to Clinton (seventy-four miles) by 9.13. From Clinton there is daily connection with Invercargill by two trains, in addition to the through trains from Dunedin. One leaves Clinton at 6.35, and covers the sixty-five miles to Invercargill by 10.35; the other leaves Clinton at 2.35 p.m., and reaches its destination at 7.30.
Twice a week—on Tuesdays and Thursdays—trains run from Edendale to Invercargill (twenty-three miles), and on Saturdays an extra train leaves Woodlands for Invercargill at 10.35—eleven miles. The fare from Dunedin to Invercargill is, first 14s 10d, second 9s, and to the intermediate stations on a proportionate scale. From Mosgiel Junction a short line runs west to Outram—nine miles away. A morning and an afternoon train cover the distance in about forty minutes; fares, first 1s, second 8d. From Milton—thirty-six miles south of Dunedin—two trains run daily, in a north-west direction to Lawrence—twenty-four miles. The time occupied in covering the distance is about one hour and fifty minutes. Two trains also run daily back to Mosgiel; fares, 2s 10d, second 1s 10d.
The Otago Central Railway has now been opened as far as Ida Valley, 106 miles from Dunedin. The line diverges from the main south line at Wingatui. Two trains leave Dunedin every day at 8.15 and 2.10, and reach Ida Valley at 3o' clock and 11.5 respectively. Only one train runs to Dunedin, starting from Ida
From Stirling—fifty miles from Dunedin on the main south line—a line runs to Kaitangata, the coal mining district, four miles away. Trains from Dunedin pass Stirling four times a day between 7.30 a.m. and 7.36 p.m. Ordinarily there are two trains a day on to Kaitangata, leaving Stirling at 11.20 and 4.20; but on Saturday there is one early train in addition.
From Balclutha—fifty-three miles from Dunedin on the south line—a train runs every morning to Owaka (nineteen miles). Kaitangata lies due east of Balclutha, and Owaka nearly due south toward Waikawa; fares, first 2s, second 1s 3d. The journey occupies nearly one hour and a half—an average of less than thirteen miles an hour.
From Waipahi, ten miles beyond Clinton, and therefore eighty-four miles from Dunedin, there is another branch line due north to Heriot. The trains run twice a day about 9 o'clock and 1.30, completing the twenty mile trip in one hour and a half; fares, first 2s 6d, second 1s 8d.
In Southland district, what is known as the Waimea Plains line, connects Gore with Lumsden. Gore is forty miles from Invercargill, and Lumsden Junction is thirty-seven miles nor-west of Gore, and due south of Lake Wakatipu. A train leaves Gore daily at 1.45 and reaches Lumsden at 3.30. There is an evening train at 4.30, altered to 6.35 on Friday. The time on these trips varies from one hour and three-quarters to two hours and a quarter—a difference which shows that trains on these outlying railroads seldom attain their maximum speed; fares, first 4s 9d, second 3s 2d.
From Edendale, again on the main south line, 116 miles from Dunedin, and twenty-three miles from Invercargill, a line runs to Glenham, ten miles southeast. One train runs daily and takes nearly an hour to cover ten miles.
From Invercargill a line runs due east to Waimakaka, twenty-six miles, toward the Seaward Bush country. Two trains daily take two hours on the journey, though on Saturdays it is done in one hour and a half; fares, first 3s 7d, second 2s 3d.
The port line from Invercargill to the Bluff is seventeen miles in length. The journey generally occupies about fifty minutes; but it is noticeable that the special train to connect with the Melbourne mail boat at the Bluff gets to port in thirty-five minutes, at a rate of about thirty miles per hour. There are five ordinary weekday trains between 7 a.m. and 5 p.m. from Invercargill to the Bluff, and the same number of returns from 8.5 a.m. to 6.23 p.m., with a late train each way on Saturday night, and a special Sunday train leaving Invercargill at 2.15 and returning from Bluff at 5 p.m.; fares, first 2s, second 1s 2d.
The direct train route from Invercargill to the Otago Lakes is by the Lumsden-Kingston line. There are two regular daily trains from Invercargill to Lumsden—fifty miles due north—and an extra train at 1 o'clock on Tuesday, Thursday and Saturday. The fifty mile trip takes from two hours twenty minutes to three hours twenty minutes—a wide margin. The first train leaves at 7.5 a.m., and the last at 4.30 p.m. There are two daily returns to Invercargill from Lumsden at 6.30 and 3.55, and an extra train at 11.5 on Monday, Wednesday and Friday. Three other trains leave Invercargill daily in the direction of Lumsden, but two, leaving at 8.55 and 4.10, stop at Makarewa Junction, eight miles up the line, and another 3.20 train goes no further than Winton—nineteen miles.
From Lumsden, the centre of the inland railway system, the line runs on to Kingston, on the southern extremity of Lake Wakatipu, thirty-seven miles from Lumsden and eight-seven from Invercargill. The ordinary daily train leaves Lumsden at 3.40, and reaches Kingston at 5.30—thirty-seven miles in one hour fifty minutes. On every day but Monday there is an additional train leaving Lumsden at 10.45, and arriving at Kingston at 12.55. The fare from Invercargill to Lumsden is, first 6s 4d, and second 4s 3d; to Kingston, first 10s 2d, and second 6s 7d.
From Lumsden a line runs north-west towards Lake Te Anau, for eleven miles to Mossburn. Trains run three times a week—Monday 11 a.m., Saturday 4.40 a.m. and 8.5 p.m., with returns on the same days. This eleven mile trip takes forty-five minutes; fares, first 1s 7d, second 1s 1d.
From Invercargill there is a railway to Orepuki, where the shale works are a matter of considerable commercial importance. The line runs west from Makarewa Junction, eight miles from Invercargill to Thornbury Junction—twelve miles—then south-west to Riverton—sixteen miles—thence west to Orepuki—forty-two miles from Invercargill. There are two daily trains each way, leaving Invercargill at 8.55 and 4.10, and Orepuki at 7.30 and 2.30. The distance can be covered in two hours and a half, but some trains take three hours and a quarter. The fares from Invercargill are, first 5s 6d, and second 3s 8d.
From Thornbury Junction—twenty miles from Invercargill—a line runs twenty-five miles north-west and north to Nightcaps. There are four trains daily from Invercargill to Thornbury; but there is only one morning train thence to Nightcaps on alternate days; at 10.35 on Monday, Wednesday and Friday. An afternoon train leaves daily at 5.18, arriving at Nightcaps at 6.50. The morning train takes over two hours, at a rate of about twelve miles an hour. Corresponding return trains leave Nightcaps daily for Invercargill via Thornbury. Fares from Thornbury to Nightcaps are, first 3s 3d, second 2s 2d.
The Hedgehope branch runs off from Winton on the Lumsden line, for thirteen miles to the south-east. There is one train daily from Hedgehope to Winton, and a return from Winton to Hedgehope; fares, first 1s 9d, second 1s 2d.
Otago and Southland are thus tolerably well provided with internal means of communication, and, when the intended extensions are completed, most of the country districts will be in direct and fairly frequent communication with the coast, and the chief centres of population. It must be allowed, however, that the rato of travel on most of these lines leaves room for great improvement. On the main line, the Dunedin-Invercargill journey of 139 miles takes nine hours and three-quarters, or an average of about fourteen miles an hour. On the Otago Central the average varies from sixteen miles an hour, down to thirteen miles an hour; and an average of twelve miles is by no means uncommon on the country lines. At such speeds it is clear that it is impossible to get the maximum of advantage or convenience out of the railway system.
Dunedin is well supplied with cheap and effective means of locomotion. Tram lines run from the northern extremity of the city and suburbs down to Caversham and Ocean Beach, and to St. Clair, a distance of perhaps six miles. The haulage was formerly done by horses, but an electric tram service was opened in December, 1903. The two suburbs of Roslyn and Mornington are connected with the middle of the city by cable trams, the first of their kind in the colony. The extension lines to the summit of the ridges on this side of the city and into the valley beyond, provide easy and rapid means of transit on gradients where horse traffic would be impossible. The descent down the Mornington extension, one of the steepest cable lines in the world, is an experience rather disconcerting to the stranger. The fares on all these lines are extremely moderate—twopence is enough to take the traveller from one end of the city to the other.
'Buses naturally find it hard work to compete with the trams, which run very frequently and regularly. But there is still some traffic for the 'bus along the suburban roads leading up towards the reservoir and Nichol's Creek, as well as towards Ocean Beach and St. Clair. The fares are low—sixpence will usually cover a suburban trip. Dunedin, however, like most hilly towns, is not well suited to horsed vehicles; and it is astonishing that the horse cars succeeded so well as they did on the tram lines. Considering the natural difficultes of the town there is a satisfactory supply of cabs, chiefly fourwheelers. The horses do not make so fine a show as the unsurpassable cab horses of Christchurch, but allowing for the hilly country on which they often have to work, they are a very creditable collection. Cab-fares in Dunedin are somewhat higher than those which prevail in several of the more northern cities. The regulation charge by time is 4s per hour for the first three hours for one horse, and 5s per hour for two horses. By distance, the fare is 1s for half a mile or less, for one horse, 1s 6d for two. For anything over half a mile up to a mile the fare is 1s 6d for one horse, 2s for two; additional half miles or fractions thereof running to an extra 9d or 1s according to the number of horses. For the convenience of parties going out to the suburbs, four-wheelers take four or five passengers to St. Kilda, Caversham, Anderson's Bay, and other suburbs about the same distance away, for 6d each. After 10 p.m. and before 8 a.m. fares are doubled, but on Sundays and public holidays only ordinary fares are supposed to be charged. For a distinctly hilly city Dunedin is on the whole very well provided with speedy and effective methods of internal communication.
Otago has enjoyed a full share of the prosperity which has prevailed through out the colony for some years past, and Dunedin, as the commercial center of the province, has benefited accordingly. The statistics quoted in other sections of this book are a sufficient proof of the rapid and substantial advance made in recent years by the agricultural, pastoral, and manufacturing industries of the province. No part of the colony shows a more steady and uniform development in every form of activity best calculated to ensure the lasting welfare of the country. In the address delivered by the President of the Chamber of Commerce in 1902, it was pointed out, among other proofs of Otago's progress, that Dunedin's share of the accumulated saving in the Post Office Savings Bank amounted to £94;000 out of £550,460. The increase of imports at Dunedin and Port Chalmers for the year was over £94,000. While exports from Wellington were reduced by £400,000 in 1901, and by £145,000 at Auckland, the decline at Dunedin was only £14,800. As far as Otago as a whole was concerned this falling off was more than balanced by the great expansion of the export trade through Invercargill and the Bluff. At these southern ports the value of the exports for the year was actually over £263,000 in advance of the total for 1900. In view of the general decline in the colony's exports during 1900, this result is truly remarkable, and speaks eloquently for the natural resources of Southland and Otago.
The greater part of Otago's manufacturing industries are centred in and around Dunedin, and, in the number and variety of her industries, Otago now stands ahead of any other province in the colony. In 1896, Otago, with 516 distinct industries, was well behind Auckland with 573. But by 1902, Otago headed the list with 707 industries, against 667 in Auckland, 552 in Wellington, and 547 in Canterbury. Many of the provincial manufactures depend directly upon the pastoral industries, which, in Otago as elsewhere, must be the permanent foundation of the national wealth. Four woollen mills employing nearly 1000 hands, and paying over £64,000 a year in wages, use up wool worth £80,000 a year, and turn out goods worth £175,000.
Of the mineral wealth of Otago enough has been said in the section devoted to that subject. Between 1857 and 1901, Otago produced gold to the value of nearly sixty millions sterling. In 1901–2 over half a million pounds' worth of gold was raised, an amount which, though less than the gold export of Auckland, was considerably above that of Otago's old rival, the West Coast. Even in dredging, despite the collapse of an over-inflated market, the prospects of the province are particularly bright. An industry which brings in £8000 to £9000 a week cannot be considered a poor one; and as the less valuable claims are gradually weeded out, there will be an even brighter future in Otago for this, the surest and most consistent of all methods of gold-mining.
These remarks sufficiently explain the nature of Otago's commercial prosperity, and the probability that it will be steadily maintained for an indefinite future. The advent of the railway in districts not yet opened will, by facilitating transport and bringing large tracts of isolated land into touch with the coast and with Dunedin, create new industries such as fruit-growing, which hitherto have had to struggle along unaided. The fertility of the soil, and the suitability of the climate for grain growing, have been sufficently established by the agricultural returns already quoted. The pastoral industries are still in their infancy; and the mineral wealth of the province is yet far from the
The colonisation of Otago, as of Canterbury, may be traced back to the writing and teaching of that energetic political theorist, Edward Gibbon Wakefield. His principle of the “sufficient price”—the payment for land in new colonies, to be devoted to the settlement of the country and the immigration of labour—was the basis on which the New Zealand Company founded its settlements in Wellington, Nelson, and New Plymouth; and it was on the same principle that the New Edinburgh or Otago scheme was ultimately brought to a successful issue.
In 1842 Mr. George Rennie, the son of a well-known Scotch agriculturist, and a personal friend of Wakefield, contributed to the “Colonial Gazette,” then published in London, a series of suggestions for the foundation of a colonial settlement in New Zealand on a new and improved plan. The method suggested by Mr. Rennie was largely that subsequently adopted by the founders of Canterbury and Otago. When a suitable site had been selected, a body of engineers and surveyors was to be despatched to lay out a town, build a wharf, clear the ground, and stock it with cattle. When the colonists arrived, the land—about 106,000 acres—was to be sold to them, and about three-quarters of the proceeds were to be spent in immigration and the construction of roads and bridges.
It is likely that Mr. Rennie's attention had been drawn to New Zealand by the return to Scotland of a few of the colonists who in 1839 had sailed from Glasgow to Wellington. The Rev. Dr Macleod and Sir Archibald Alison, the historian, had assisted in this attempt to find an outlet for the surplus population of the old countries, and for some years an intermittent stream of Scotchmen—about 500 in all—found their way to the New Zealand Company's settlement. But the Company was apprehensive lest Mr. Rennie's scheme should endanger the success of the settlements already formed. Captain Hobson, then Governor, was strongly opposed to the wide dispersal of the settlements, and Mr. Rennie's choice of the East Coast of the Middle Island at once caused a serious difficulty. The Company's Directors by no means approved of many of the conditions of settlement on which Mr. Rennie laid stress; moreover, they were engaged in a permanent feud with the Colonial Office, and there seemed little prospect that anything would come of Mr. Rennie's plan. The colonies were then regarded by the Imperial Government as an expensive nuisance, and every possible obstacle was thrown in the way of fresh settlements. However, Mr. Rennie's letters to the “Colonial Gazette” attracted the attention of Captain William Cargill, a Peninsula veteran, who, then in his fifty-ninth year, was interested by the adventurous nature of Mr. Rennie's scheme, and entered enthusiastically into all his projects.
These two allies perseveringly urged their requests upon the Colonial Office, till in 1843 the Directors of the New Zealand Company announced that the much vexed question of titles to the land they had taken up was settled; and Captain Cargill and Mr. Rennie then offered to submit the choice of a site for the new settlement to the Company's principal agent in New Zealand. Taking advantage of the project for the Church of England settlement later established in Canterbury, they proposed that the new colony—to be called New Edinburgh—should be a purely Scotch Presbyterian settlement, that it must include provision for religious and educational purposes, and that the funds derived from the sale of the Company's lands should be employed in assisting Scotch labourers and workmen to emigrate thither. The “Terms of Purchase,” now for the first time formally laid before the Company, were as follows:
That the Company should set aside for the new settlement 120,550 acres.
That the land should be divided into 550 acres for the town, 20,000 for suburban lots, and 100,000 for rural lots.
That the town should be divided into 2200 lots of one-quarter of an acre each; the suburban lands into 2000 lots of ten acres; and the rural land into 2000 lots of fifty acres each.
That 200 town lots should be reserved free of charge to be the property of the future municipal corporation.
That a single property should consist of one town lot, one suburban lot, and one rural lot.
That 200 properties on these terms should be reserved for the Company.
That the remaining 1800 properties should be offered for sale at £120 each.
That the purchase money thus received—£216,000—should be divided—£54,000 going to the Company in payment for land at 10s per acre, £30,000 for surveys and other expenses in founding the settlement, £81,000 for emigration, and the balance in various proportions for roads, and bridges, churches, and education.
That the order of selection of properties should be fixed by lot.
The Directors having duly considered these terms, replied that they would accept them, if a sufficient number of applications for land were received to ensure the success of the settlement.
At this juncture a new element was introduced into the colonisation project. In 1843 the great “Disruption” in the Scotch Presbyterian Church had occurred. Among those who for conscience sake seceded from the Establishment to found the “Free Kirk” was the Rev. Thomas Burns, nephew of the great poet; and he now comes into the story as one of the leaders in the Scottish emigration scheme. Through the efforts of Mr. Rennie, and the brother of Captain Cargill, the New Zealand Company directors were persuaded to endow their proposed Scotch settlement on behalf of the Free Church; and it was to the Rev. Mr. Burns that the offer of minister to the Colonial Church was now made. Mr. Burns accepted the appointment, and it was stated in the Report presented to the Free Church General Assembly in 1843 that £25,000 of the land purchase money was to be set aside for ecclesiastical and educational purposes to parties holding the principles of the Presbyterian Church of Scotland. Unfortunately, Mr. Rennie's letters to the Directors of the Company did not make this last point clear, and serious difficulties arose later on in connection with the promised endowment. But at the time the prospects of the settlement were bright, and the promoters were widely congratulated on having secured the services of so able and conscientious a minister as the Rev. Mr. Burns.
Hitherto the proposed settlement had been described as “New Edinburgh.” To this title many exceptions were taken, and various substitutes were suggested, such as New Reekie, Edina, Bruce, Duncantown, Napiertown, and Wallacetown. At last, in 1843, Mr. William Chambers, of “Chambers's Journal,” in a letter to the “New Zealand Journal,” proposed the name Dunedin, the “old Celtic appellation of Edinburgh”; and in 1846 this name was formally adopted to mark the centre of the new settlement.
The “terms of purchase” issued by the New Zealand Company in July, 1843, differed slightly from the original proposals of Messrs Rennie and Cargill. In the first scheme 1000 properties of 100 1/4-acres each were reckoned as realising 25s per acre; in the “terms” 2000 properties of sixty acres and a quarter are assessed at 40s per acre. The increase in the price was intended to provide for churches and schools, for which no proper endowment was originally made. To promote the settlement, an influential committee was formed in Edinburgh, presided over by the Lord Provost, Sir James Forrest, and including many men of known ability and commercial and financial eminence. Mr. Rennie published an address to Scottish farmers, pointing to the disadvantages of their position in the Old Country, and urging them to try their fortunes in a new land. He was ably assisted in this propaganda by Captain Cargill and Mr. Burns, but at this juncture a controversy arose between the principals that for some time threatened to wreck the whole undertaking. Mr. Burns contended that, according to the terms of the original agreement, the ministers and the schoolmasters in the new colony must be members of the Free Church. Mr. Rennie, who was anxious to avoid too limited and sectarian a view of the case, urged that the land could not be sold if the line were drawn too clearly between the Free Church and other branches of the “Presbyterian Church of Scotland,” a term “which, in
In this same year, 1843, Captain Fitzroy succeeded Captain Hobson as Governor of New Zealand, and appeared to take a sympathetic view of the Scotch colonisation scheme. Colonel Wakefield, acting for the New Zealand Company, was to select a spot suitable for the settlement on the East Coast of the Middle Island. But when forty families, including some 200 people, were ready to start, there came to England news of the Wairau massacre and the death of Captain Wakefield. But for this unfortunate event it is likely that Port Cooper (Lyttelton) would have been chosen as the site for the new colony; for the reports received in Scotland from the Deans Brothers, who had settled on the Canterbury Plains, had roused much interest and enthusiasm. However, in 1844 a difficulty arose between the Colonial Office and the New Zealand Company, as to the validity of the Company's titles; and the whole of the operations directed by Mr. Rennie were at once brought to a full stop.
Matters were now at a deadlock. The Colonial Office would do nothing for a special church settlement, and Mr. Rennie would not alter the most essential features of his scheme. It was hoped that Captain Fitzroy would be able to make some arrangement that would suit all parties; but it was not till the end of 1844 that those concerned were informed that a spot for settlement had been chosen at Koputai (Port Chalmers). But during the weary months of inaction Captain Cargill had almost decided to go to India, Mr. Burns had almost made up his mind to accept a Free Church charge in Scotland, and Mr. Rennie had become disgusted with the whole affair. He held out resolutely, however, till the New Zealand Company's Directors, seeing that their chief hope of success lay in making the enterprise a Free Church scheme pure and simple, virtually deposed him. The work was then carried on by Captain Cargill and Mr. Burns with the assistance of Dr Aldeorn, a physician of independent means, who proved to be a most valuable
Reference has already been made to the native and European inhabitants of the district of Otago, who dwelt there before the settlement of 1847. The country immediately round Port Chalmers had been visited by Captain James Herd, in the “Rosanna” expedition in 1826, by D'Urville, the French navigator in 1840, and in the same year by Governor Hobson, who obtained the nominal cession of this part of the country from the native chiefs Karetai and Koroko. Captain W. Mein-Smith in 1842 reported on the district as a possible site for settlement, but preferred Akaroa. Dr. Shortland examined the country round Otakou with some care in 1843, and camped on the spot which was then called Oteputi, and is new Dunedin. Bishop Selwyn spent a day at Otakou Harbour in 1844; and from all these sources of information the New Zealand Company's officers had a fairly accurate knowledge of the country when they were requested to get it examined and surveyed for the new settlement.
When Captain Fitzroy arrived in New Zealand he decided to allow the New Zealand Company to make its own bargain with the natives for the land required by the Free Church colony. Accordingly Mr. J. Symonds, police magistrate, and Mr. Frederick Tuckett, surveyor, were despatched from Wellington, with instructions to purchase 150,000 acres, and on no acount to survey until the ownership of the land was properly transferred.
Mr. Tuckett, who had helped to survey and lay out the Nelson settlement, stipulated that his choice should not be confined to Port Cooper, or any other site, but that he should be allowed to examine all the coast from Banks' Peninsula to Milford Haven. Under these conditions the little ship “Deborah” sailed from Nelson on the 31st of March, 1844. The master was Captain Thomas Wing, who was afterwards for thirty years pilot at Onehunga, and did not die till 1888. Besides Mr. Tuckett and his two assistants, Messrs Barnicoat and Davison, and five boatmen, Dr(afterwards Sir David) Monro accompanied the expedition, and subsequently published a full account of it in the form of a journal. The Rev. Charles Creed, Wesleyan missionary to relieve the Rev. James Watkin at Waikouaiti, also sailed in the “Deborah,” and the Rev. J. F. H. Wohlers, who laboured for forty-three years—until 1885—at Ruapuke among the Maoris. The Government officer, Mr. J. Symonds, was picked up at Wellington. Mr. Tuckett stayed for a week at Port Cooper (Lyttelton), travelling some distance into the interior, and the ship was visited by two of the most powerful of the Southern Chiefs, Taiaroa and Tuawhaiki (Bloody Jack), who had much to do with the final agreement with the natives that rendered possible the Otago settlement.
Mr. Tuckett rejected Port Cooper as unsheltered, and the plains as not sufficiently accessible from the harbour for settlement. He intended to cross westward to the hill country, then walk south to the Waitaki and follow it down to the coast. But his Maori guides failed him, and he was compelled to go on by sea. The “Deborah” took a week to reach Moeraki, and there Mr. Tuckett went ashore, and in three days walked to Waikouaiti. This prosperous settlement, the centre of the great whaling trade built up by Mr. John Jones, has been described in a previous section of this introduction. Unfortunately at this point Mr. Symonds and Mr. Tuckett quarrelled and separated. Mr. Tuckett found it necessary to make some sort of preliminary survey, to which Mr. Symonds would not agree, as the land had not yet been transferred from the Maoris. Thereupon Mr. Symonds sailed for Wellington, but a reconciliation was at last effected by Colonel Wakefield.
On the 23rd of April, 1844, the “Deborah” reached Koputai (Port Chalmers), while Mr. Tuckett went on overland from Waikouaiti to the present site of Dunedin. The explorers were charmed with the appearance of the country, and with the landlocked harbour; though Oreputi (Dunedin) was then covered with bush, and the land was peopled only by wild birds and pigs. Mr. Tuckett, however, decided to see the country as far as Foveaux Strait before finally choosing ground for the new settlement. The intrepid wanderers lost their way on the Taieri and endured many privations. The Molyneux impressed them greatly, and had the mouth of the river afforded better accommodation it is likely that the centre of the settlement would have been fixed there. The natives at Molyneux had been decimated by measles, and only a few survivors of a numerous tribe remained. From the Mataura Mr. Wohlers sailed for his island home of Ruapuke; the scene of his self-sacrifice for the next forty years. At the mouth of Waihopai, and also at Riverton (the Aparima), more good country was found; but after spending three days on Stewart Island, which then had a flourishing settlement of seventy white people, Mr. Tuckett decided that the Port Chalmers site combined more advantages than any other that he had inspected; and from the Molyneux the party made their way back on foot. The privations in the way of hunger and cold endured by these pioneers in threading their way through brackless bush and fording icy streams, can hardly be conceived by those who know the country only as it is now.
Having returned to Koputai, Mr. Tuckett proceeded to draw up elaborate plans of the chosen district on a scale of two miles to the inch. He and Mr. Symonds quarrelled again as to whether Mr. Barnicoat should represent Mr. Tuckett in making the preliminary survey; and Mr. Symonds again returned to Wellington to lay his complaints before the Government. About 150 Maoris collected at Koputai, and after much trouble Mr. Tuckett succeeded in arranging the purchase of an area of 400,000 acres. This territory became known as the Otago block, and stretched from Taiaroa Head down to Tokata Point (the Nuggets), and ran inland to the Kaihiku and Mihiwaka ranges. The sum paid for the block was £2400, at the rate of about 1 1/2d per acre. Meanwhile Colonel Wakefield had come down from Wellington with the Land Commissioner, Mr. Spain, the protector of Aborigines, Mr. Clark, and Mr. Symonds. Colonel Wakefield was thoroughly satisfied with Mr. Tuckett's choice, and after another week spent in preliminary examination of the land, the purchase was completed. The deed of transfer was signed on behalf of the Maoris by Tuawhaiki, Karetai and Taiaroa. The whole business was carried out with complete consent and goodwill on the part of the natives, and the Europeans owed much to the skill and tact with which Tuawhaiki—a man respected by all for his courage, intelligence and honesty—managed the negotiations.
The contract was accepted by the Maoris on the 31st of July, 1844. From the 400,000 acres purchased Colonel
At the end of 1844 a party of Nelson settlers moved down to Koputai to try their fortune in the new land. Mention has already been made of the Andersons and McKays, from whom many Otago families are descended. Anderson's Bay is named after the leader of this little band. In February, 1846, another addition to the party was made by the arrival of Mr. Kettle and a number of surveyors to complete the task of laying out the settlement. On the 10th of December, 1846, the first white child that saw the light in Dunedin—the son of Mr. John Anderson—was born. The first child born at Port Chalmers was the son of Mr. Lethwaite, a Taranaki settler, who had come down in 1844. But in the meantime events had been progressing fast on the other side of the world, and the founders of the settlement were now at last able to take another definite step towards the accomplishment of their aims.
During 1844 and 1845 it had become more clearly evident to Captain Cargill and Mr. Burns that the work, if done at all, must be done themselves. Captain Cargill's business kept him in London, whence he maintained a constant correspondence with the other leaders in the movement. But Mr. Burns and Dr Aldcorn travelled over the length and breadth of Scotland advocating the cause of the still embryo colony. At last their perseverance bore fruit; and the heads of the Free Church began to regard the enterprise as distinetively their own. Mr. Burns, in spite of much bitter eriticism and jealousy, carried out the practical work of preparing the way for the colonists, and in May, 1845, there was held in Glasgow the first meeting of clergy and laymen “for the purpose of considering the scheme of a Scotch settlement at Otago, New Zealand, in connection with the Free Church.” At this meeting, Mr. Burns explained the situation to the gentlemen present. Mr. Whytlaw, who had just returned from the Bay of Islands, gave an enthusiastic account of his experiences, and the meeting resolved to form a Lay Association to carry out the Otago scheme. The resolutions carried express the strongest confidence in Captain Cargill and Mr. Burns, and urge upon the notice of the Free Church the facilities offered by the New Zealand Company for colonisation and for missionary enterprise. This Lay Association of fifty members soon increased in numbers and in influence; and for eight years it carried out its work of promoting the Otago settlement with great vigour and success. But nothing permanent or definite could be done till some compromise was effected between the New Zealand Company and the Colonial Office, which had all along been bitterly hostile to one another.
In 1845 the affairs of the Company were brought before the House of Commons in a three day's debate. The exposure of the incompetency and misrule of the Colonial Office was so overwhelming that the Government saved itself only by making the matter a party question. The Company triumphed all along the line, and Government was constrained to advance them £100,000 for seven years to enable them to pay off their liabilities and arrange for the Church of England and Free Church settlements then contemplated. Dr Aldcorn wrote a pamphlet entitled the “Scheme of the Colony of the Free Church at Otago in New Zealand,” and he and Mr. Burns set forth again on their missions distributing pamphlets, lecturing, and exhorting their fellow countrymen to join in their adventure. But for a long time they received little direct encouragement; and Mr. Burns was at last driven to accept a call to the church at Portobello, near Edinburgh. This was in July, 1846, and in
Meantime the Company had arranged with Mr. Charles Kettle to proceed with the survey of the settlement. Mr. Kettle had first gone out to New Zealand in 1839 in the first of the Company's emigrant ships; and he had done good work in surveying a large portion of Wellington province. He returned to Scotland in 1843, but reappeared at Koputai as surveyor to the Company under circumstances already described.
The accommodation at Port Chalmers was naturally very scanty. Mr. Kettle and his wife occupied one room of Mr. Tuckett's house, Mr. Park and his wife another; and meals were taken in MeKay's whare. Mr. Davison had occupied his time in surveying the coast line of Port Chalmers, and Mr. Kettle now proceeded to arrange for a general examination and division of the whole block. After a journey on foot to the Nuggets and back, Mr. Kettle allotted various sections of the work to his eleven assistant surveyors. The site of Port Chalmers was first surveyed, and accurate bearings and soundings taken for the harbour. The district round Balelutha and Inch Clutha was handed over to Messrs Wylie, Wills and Jollie, the last named being the settler who afterwards surveyed a portion of Canterbury, and after a long and active connection with that province, died at Paten in 1895. Between the Molyneux and Tokomairiro the ground was surveyed by Messrs Thomas and R. J. Harrison. The district between the Tokomairiro and Taieri, the Waihola and Waipori, was taken by Messrs Tully and J. C. Drake. The fourth contract covered the Taieri Plains, which were surveyed by Messrs Scroggs and Abbott, whose names survive at several points of interest in the district. The fifth contract, covering Anderson's Bay, and round to Kaikorai and Cape Saunders, was taken by Mr. H. Charlton. The town of Dunedin itself was subsequently laid out by Mr. Davison and Mr. R. Park. Many of the roads in the surrounding district were laid out by Mr. Davison, who, however, returned to England, soon after the completion of the surveys, in 1847. Mr. Charles Pelichet should be mentioned as Mr. Kettle's assistant, who laid out the sections on both sides of the Upper Harbour, and generally took an active share in the work of preparing the site for the long expected colonists. His name is perpetuated in Pelichet Bay.
The site of Dunedin as it was then of course presented a very wild though impressive and picturesque aspect. The surrounding hills were covered with bush from the summit to the water's edge. The chief peaks were Whakari (the Flag-staff), and Kapukataumahaka (Mount Cargill). A little winding stream, the Owheo (the Water of Leith) was the only river in sight. Along the flat and on the lower slopes of the hills, Mr. Kettle and his assistants proceeded to lay out the new town. The native names of the locality were to a large degree already replaced by titles introduced by whalers and early settlers. The name Otago (Otakou—red ochre) originally applied to a small district on the lower harbour, but was chosen by the Directors of the New Zealand Company to apply to the whole settlement. Portobello (Herewaka) was so called by a Scotsman named Christie, who settled there in 1840. Murdering Beach perpetuates a massacre of a boat's crew so early as 1825. Deborah Bay takes its name from the vessel that brought Mr. Tuckett's party down in 1844. Hamilton Bay was so called by Mr. Kettle after Mr. W. J. W. Hamilton, later a prominent member in the Canterbury colony; and Dowling Bay took its name from the nephew of Mr. George Rennie.
The original intention was to christen the port town New Leith or New Musselburgh. But the Lay Association decided that it should be named, after the champion of the Free Church, Port Chalmers. The survey of the town was completed in May, 1846. The names of most of the early immigrant vessels are retained in the streets—Wickliffe, Laing, Mary, Ajax, Bernicia. Scotia Street was so called after the schooner owned by Mr. John Jones. Harington Street bears the name of the New Zealand Company's secretary; Currie Street, that of one of the most energetic of the directors. The ability and popularity of the greatest of New Zealand's Governors are commemorated in the names of George Street and Grey Street.
In Dunedin Mr. Kettle was instructed to reproduce as far as possible the names of the Scotch capital. Thus the majority of the streets bear the names of streets in Edinburgh or Leith. According to Dr Hocken, there are twenty-one exceptions. Several of these—Cargill, Jones,
The same desire to connect the new settlement with the old home of the colonists is evidenced in the names that occur in many parts of the Otago block outside Dunedin. The Waimatau (renamed Molyneux by Captain Cook after his sailing master) was now called Clutha, the Gaelic name for the Clyde. The town at the ferry on the river, Balclutha, the island between its branches, Inch Clutha (once Tauhinu, the birth place of Tuawhaiki) suggest further reminiscences of Scotland. Subsequently as the settlement extended the number of these traditional or national appellations was greatly increased.
The new settlement was now reported ready for the colonists. But Colonel Wakefield, the Company's New Zealand representative, knew little what was happening in England, and in fact he was not informed of the departure of the first ships until long after they had set sail. The Company was still struggling on, against the inveterate opposition of the Colonial Office. Then Lord Derby was replaced as Colonial Secretary by Mr. Gladstone, and that statesman at once invited the views of the New Zealand Company Directors and Mr. E. G. Wakefield upon the position of affairs in the new colony. Mr. Wakefield, as always, advocated local control by the settlers; but Heke's war and other outbreaks made it impossible at the time to modify existing arrangements. By May, 1846, the Directors were so wearied by the long conflict that they were ready to hand over to the Imperial Government the complete control of their affairs. But the Company's shareholders refused to allow this step, and when Sir Robert Peel's ministry was succeeded by Lord John Russell, and Earl Grey became Colonial Secretary, the aspect of affairs changed. Earl Grey was very anxious to promote further colonisation, and freely admitted that the New Zealand Company had a strong case against the Government for neglect and wilful obstruction. He, therefore, arranged in 1847 that the Company should receive additional power to continue their valuable work, and that the sum of £136,000 should be advanced to cover their liabilities and enable them to proceed with the task of settlement; on condition that if, after three years, the Company should be unable to make headway, Government should step in and take over the Company's assets.
From this year dates the resuscitation of the movement for settlement. The arrangements that had been made in 1845 between the New Zealand Company and the Lay Association were now revived and re-issued in various forms. There were six successive issues of these Terms of Purchase, the last appearing in 1849. The labour of colonisation was to be undertaken by the Company to the extent of surveying the land, conyeying the emigrants to their destination, erecting buildings and making roads and bridges. The Lay Association was to supervise the conduct of the scheme on Free Church principles, selecting the free and assisted emigrants, and selling the properties.
The properties to be disposed of consisted each of three allotments: a town section of a quarter acre, a suburban allotment of ten acres, and a rural section of fifty acres. The ten acre allotments were all close to the site of the town, at North-East Valley, Anderson's Bay, Roslyn, St. Kilda, and the fifty acre rural sections lay in the Taieri, Tokomairiro and Molyneux districts. The price of each property was £120 10s, at the rate of £2 per acre. The whole extent of the Otago Block was divided into 2,400 properties, of which 2,000 were for sale to private individuals, 100 to be purchased on behalf of the local municipal government; 100 to be taken up for religious and educational purposes; and 200 to be reserved for the New Zealand Company. Out of the sum of £289,200 thus obtained, £108,480 was to be devoted to emigration and the supply of labour, £72,300 to surveys and public works, £36,150 to religious and educational purposes, and £72,300 was to go to the New Zealand Company. The Association was to be allowed five years to dispose of these 2,000 properties; and any balance in hand at the end of that period might be resumed by the Company. On the other hand, if the Association succeeded in working off the whole area in that time, it might apply for any further portion of the 400,000 acre block to extend the settlement.
A vigorous effort was now made throughout Scotland to promote the enterprise. Mr. John McGlashan, for many years a prominent figure among Otago colonists, now first appeared on the scene, and by his untiring energy and diplomatic ability did much to ensure the success of the scheme. Mr. McGlashan
Captain Cargill now advised the Directors to advertise for vessels to carry out the first party of colonists. Mr. Burns at last felt assured that the scheme was fairly under way, and finally gave up his Portobello living to be free for his new duties. There were many applications for passages, and in November, 1847, the ballot for order in choice of the properties was held. Up to that time 104 properties had been purchased by private individuals, and the prospects of the little colony were bright. The Directors duly called for tenders, and finally accepted as the ships for the transport of the expedition the “John Wickliffe” and the “Philip Laing.”
A certain amount of interest must always attach to the individuality of these pioneer vessels. The “John Wickliffe” was a ship of 662 tons, owned at Greenwich and chartered at a cost of 2,000 guineas. The “Philip Laing” was a barque of 547 tons, belonging to a Liverpool firm who received £1,800 for the use of the vessel. The “John Wickliffe” was to sail from London and was the storeship of the expedition, loaded with bricks and slates, tools of all kinds for all varieties of trades, guns and ammunition and food. The sum of £500 in gold and silver was carried on board. The commander, Captain Daly, was an old East India man. The ship's physician was Dr Manning, who remained in the colony, and lived on till 1886. There were on this ship ninety-seven emigrants, with Captain Cargill at their head. The passages varied from sixteen guineas for steerage to sixty guineas in the best accommodation. The “Philip Laing” carried the majority of the emigrants, of whom 247 set sail, under the supervision of the Rev. Thomas Burns. Captain A. J. Elles, who lived on at Invercargill till 1887, was commander of the “Philip Laing” and Dr Ramsay was surgeon. The colonists thus started for their new home under the control of the two leaders, who had done more than any one else to accomplish the success of this great enterprise—Captain Cargill and the Rev. Thomas Burns.
The “John Wickliffe” sailed from Gravesend on the 24th of November, 1847. The voyage was dangerous and almost disastrous. Heavy weather tossed the ship about in the Channel for three weeks, and on the 8th of December she put into Portsmouth leaking badly. After refitting, she left again on the 16th of December, and narrowly escaped collision with a homeward bound vessel. After being nearly wrecked on the Scilly Islands, the “John Wickliffe” made a fairly comfortable voyage to the far south, but almost met with destruction in the vicinity of Kerguelen's Land. At last on the 22nd of March, 1848, after a voyage of 119 days in all, the vessel dropped anchor inside Taiaroa Head.
The “Philip Laing” started from Greenock on the 27th of November, but was driven by bad weather into Milford Haven. It was not till the disembarkation of the “John Wickliffe's” passengers has been completed, and the preparations for receiving the women and children at Dunedin were finished, that the second vessel arrived. Like the first, it was met and conducted to its anchorage by Pilot Driver, a splendid specimen of the old whaling school, who died in 1897 in his eighty-fifth year. He had been appointed by Governor Grey to take charge of the maritime affairs of the young settlement, and was for many years a prominent and interesting figure at Port Chalmers. The “Philip Laing” reached its destination twenty-four days after the “John Wickliffe,” on the 15th of April, after a voyage of 140 days from its starting point. The scattered band of pilgrims was now re-united, and, in fine weather, and with eager enthusiasm, they set about establishing themselves in their new abode. The “barracks” for the immigrants were long low houses, built with the help of the friendly natives, of flax, rushes and small timber; they were situated near the beach between Rattray Street and Dowling Street. Here the new comers were made comfortable enough. But the unloading of the vessels was conducted without proper direction and in a rather disorderly way, so that much time and energy were wasted over the business. It took more than two months to disembark the cargo and tranship the women, children, and stores from the Lower Harbour to Dunedin.
The manner in which the emigrants conducted themselves throughout this adventurous enterprise was eminently characteristic of their nationality and of the strongly practical faith that they professed. When the “Philip Laing” left Milford Haven, the voyage was
The day after the arrival of the “Philip Laing” Mr. Burns preached his first sermon to his flock. He was followed in the evening by the Rev. Mr.Creed, the Wesleyan missionary who had been brought down in the “Deborah” on Mr. Tuckett's trip to relieve Mr. Watkin at Waikouaiti. But though the settlers were inclined to toleration, their leaders had determined that the Free Church character of the young colony must be maintained. Mr. Creed conducted the services at the gaol when it was established, and Captain Cargill, in 1849, addressed a long letter to Mr.Creed advising him to confine himself to the duties of his own appointment. Mr. Creed, not unnaturally indignant, published the letter with comments in the “Otago News,” and the episode gave. occasion to a good deal of bitter feeling. It was clear that the promoters of the Otago settlement were not inclined to deal lightly with the claim of the colony to be considered as a purely religious and sectarian foundation. The first church and school house was opened within three months of the arrival of the “Philip Leaing.”
The chief landing place was at the bottom of Jetty Street; but most of the stores had to be brought ashore on the men's backs. The provisions brought out in the vessels were sold by the Company at what were considered reasonable rates: sugar 3 1/2d per pound, tea Is 3d per pound, beef and mutton 6d per pound, oatmeal 2s 6d per stone, flour 3s per stone.
On the 21st of April the land purchasers formally selected their town allotments,
The most important of the early selections were those made on behalf of the Free Church, which, in accordance with the Terms of Purchase, had received an allotment of 100 properties (6025 acres) to be held for it by the Trustees for religious and educational uses. These were Captain Cargill, Rev. T. Burns, Mr. Edward Lee and Mr. E. McGlashan, brother of the Secretary to the Lay Association. The selection were made with admirable judgment by Captain Cargill and Mr. Burns; twenty-two in Dunedin and Port Chalmers, the rest scattered through the provincial district. For the first four years the total income derived for religious and educational purposes was only £33; but their value then rapidly increased. Three special “reserves” were also chosen by Captain Cargill: one for the manse, at the top of Jetty Street, a second for the school and schoolmaster's house, where the City Hall stands, a third on the site known since as Bell Hill, part of which was afterwards used to reclaim the foreshore. Since 1873 the First Church has stood here, but this is really the fourth church in direct line of descent. The old First Church, after being used for public meetings and political gatherings, was converted into a woolshed and was finally destroyed by fire in 1865.
The architecture of the colonists' houses was necessarily simple. They ranged from wattle and daub and tree fern, to wooden frames. There was, at first, but little employment for labour. Wages under the Company were 5s per day for mechanics and 3s for labourers. At first the day was ten hours, but Mr. Burns should have the credit of taking the first step towards an Eight Hour day in the colony. When, in 1849, Mr. Fox, as agent of the Company, was petitioned to remedy the grievances of labour in Otago, he was able to show that wages were fifty per cent higher and hours ten per cent less than in the Old Country. So far, then, the immigrants had certainly gained by their adveturous voyage to unknown shores.
The first attempt to connect Otago officially with the central government of the colony was made by Governor Grey, who sent down from Wellington Mr. A. C. Strode and Mr. J. Macarthy, to act respectively as Inspector of Police and Collector of Customs to the new settlement. Hitherto the new colonists had not much reason to look upon the older settlements with a friendly eye. The newspapers in Nelson and Wellington had gone out of their way to “pour, contempt on the Free Church colony. “The inhabitants” were described as “poor, characterised by inertness or laziness in their proceedings”; and it was added that “having seen the harbour with its bar, its squally gusts, its steep precipitous shores, the town with its surrounding wilderness of hills, and the Taieri with its formidable swamp, the judgment which would inevitably be pronounced as to the capabilities of the place would be unfavourable in the extreme.” Such sentiments as these were not likely to conciliate men so seriously in earnest as Captain Cargill and his followers, and the attempt to exercise an official overlordship from Wellington was at first unpopular in the extreme.
In September, 1848, the “Blundell” arrived with a further shipment of colonists. Among these was a Carlisle printer, Mr. Henry B. Graham, who on the 13th of December, produced the first number of the little settlement's paper the “Otago News.” Mr. Graham was editor and compositor, and the little foolscap paper came out every fortnight; price, sixpence. In the June following, it was enlarged to folio size and issued weekly. It ran till the 21st of December, 1850, the ninety-first number being the last; and it was discotinued under rather unfortunate circumstances, which may claim notice later on.
During 1848 the little settlement was visited by Bishop Selwyn, who always entertained great respect for the character and ability of Mr. Burns. Later in the year Mr. Burns made his first pastoral visitation. and discovered that the colony now comprised ninety-three families and 444 souls. Within the Otago block were 166 natives, divided between the Heads, the Taieri and the Molyneux. Before the end of the year the arrival of the “Victory,” Blundell” and “Bernicia” had increased the population by 150 souls. Early in 1849 an important accession appeared in the person of Mr. W. H. Valpy, a gentleman of wealth, who had passed a long and distinguished career in the Indian Civil Service, and now came to New Zealand in search of health. Mr. Valpy settled at St. Clair, on the property called by him the Forbury. He built sawmills and flourmills, owned the Caversham Flat, besides two sheep runs, and spent at least £1,200 a year in wages. He was always a public spirited and useful citizen, but in 1851 he became unpopular through accepting a seat in the Legislative Council. His death, in 1852, deprived the colony of one of its most valuable members.
The first anniversary of the foundation of the colony was celebrated with due rejoicings on the 23rd and 24th of March, 1849; though the original character of the settlement was emphasised by the services for humiliation and prayer, in which the elders joined. Hitherto, little alteration had been made in the general appearance of the town site, which remained largely unchanged until the gold rush of 1860 and 1861 made it necessary to extend the habitable area. One road had been constructed from the end of Princes Street to the Green Island Bush, five miles away; and another was continued from the cemetery to the Halfway Bush and on towards the Taieri Plains. Some attempt was also made to keep open communication with Port Chalmers by a regular track. But these so-called
Early in 1849 it was suggested by Earl Grey that convicts should be allowed to finish penal sentences in the new colonies. A meeting was held in Dunedin to protest against this step, and strong resolutions were passed condemning it. About the same time it became evident that the New Zealand Company would soon terminate its existence; and serious controversy arose in the new colony between its supporters and its critics. Captain Cargill was severely blamed for defending the Company; and at the same time he was involved in an acrimonious quarrel with the “Otago News,” which spoke out strongly against the choice of land in the Otago block, alleging that the major part of it was unfit for cultivation. It was already clear that the friendly harmony with which the settlement was inaugurated could not long remain undisturbed. Within two years of the foundation of the settlement the alien element known as the Little Enemy—chiefly English gentlemen, Episcopalians, and supporters of the central government—had become a nucleus of revolt and strife against the leaders of the little colony. When, through the ill health of Mr. Graham, and the unpopularity of his views, the “Otago News” ceased to issue, its place was taken by the “Otago Witness,” which published its first number on the 8th of February; 1851. This paper was started largely through the generosity of Mr. Valpy, who supplied most of the capital, and was aided in establishing the paper chiefly by Captain Cargill and Mr. Burns. The first editor was Mr. W. H. Cutten, who was well qualified to represent the views and interests of the original colony. But the paper gained its first success through the energy of Mr. W. H. Reynolds. In 1854, when the Constitution was granted, it was much enlarged; and it outlived the opposition of the “Colonist,” which appeared in the rival interest in 1858. In 1861 Mr. Julius Vogel joined Mr. Cutten in the proprietorship, and not long after wards was established the “Otago Daily Times and Witness” Company, which still produces this, the oldest newspaper published in the colony.
The struggle between the settlers and the central government raged unceasingly from the outset. The colonists were determined to get the right to control their own local affairs, and to administer the country by a representative parliament. An apparent attempt on the part of the Wellington authorities to annex the first year's surplus of the Otago revenue—about £900—was fiercely resented; and aggravated the hostility of the colonists against their autocratic rulers. Earl Grey had, in 1846, granted a Constitution, with representative institutions; but Governor Sir George Grey had thought it inadvisable to adopt it, till the Maori difficulties had closed. This argument failed to appeal to the South Island settlers who had no “Native question” to trouble them; and when, in 1848, instead of the expected Constitution, the settlers found that they were to receive only a modified from of Crown colony government, their indignation was boundless. Governor Grey somewhat propitiated the Otago settlers by a timely visit, in which his unfailing tact and courtesy were conspicuous. But his nominee Legislative Council was held in abhorrence; and when Mr. Valpy, who had no faith in democracy, accepted a seat upon it, he was fiercely denounced. A public meeting, presided over by Captain Cargill, remonstrated against recognition of the tyrannical Crown colony system by the young settlement; and Mr. Valpy, who had accepted the nomination as a form of courtesy, soon resigned on the ground of ill health.
In May, 1851, the Otago Settlers' Association was formed, with the object of watching over the funds of the Association, and dealing with matters of local and general interest. The first chairman was Dr R. Williams, and Messrs W. H. Cutten, D. Napier, J. H. Harris, and W. Stevenson were some of the principal members. One subject on which public opinion among the settlers was strongly opposed to the action of the central authorities, was the administration of justice. Hitherto Mr. Strode, as resident magistrate, had sufficed to maintain order; but in 1850 Mr. Sidney Stephain, a member of a family that has played a distinguished part in the legal history of England and Australia, was appointed Supreme Court Judge of Otago at a salary of £800 a year. As for several sessions of there were no prisoners to try, the Settlers' Association protested against this needless extravagance. But the new Judge, after being mixed up in a by no means creditable libel and assault case, abruptly left the young colony in March, 1852; and in the same year the Supreme Court was abolished; to be reopened by Mr. Justice Gresson in 1858.
In 1851 the settlement received an important acquisition in the person of Mr.
In October, 1850, news had come that the New Zealand Company had ceased its operations, and had surrendered to Government its charter and its claim to lands in New Zealand. For some time before this the Company and the Association had been quarrelling over the “terms of purchase.” The Company had undertaken all cost of surveys and emigration, and was to recoup itself by the sale of its share of the Association's land. Hitherto the Company had expended £55,000, and had received only £27,500. But after some sort of compromise, the Company, as observed, resigned its charter, and the colony was left under the authority of the Colonial Office. The fact that a charter, had just been granted to the newly founded Canterbury Association prompted Otago also to apply for a charter. This was refused, and this rebuff still further irritated the Association against the colonial Office. At this time, the prospects of the colony were certainly far from bright. The efforts of the Association to attract settlers and capital had met with little success. Hardly enough land had been sold to meet the London office expenses, and the salaries of Captain Cargill and Mr. Burns were hopelessly in arrears. But at last, in June, 1852, the Constitution Bill, conferring Practical independence upon the colony, passed through Parliament; and the Association, now that its duties were done, dissolved in May, 1853.
Before the task of self-government was taken up by the young colony, the achievements of the settlement had fallen far short of the original promises. The “roads and bridges, schools and churches,” which had been described in the “terms of purchase,” were not yet forthcoming. The church had to be supported chiefly from the offertories, while Mr. Burns's stipend of £300 was largely fictitious. Educational matters did not at first flourish, and in 1850 Mr. Blackie, the first schoolmaster, resigned through ill health, and was succeeded by Mr. McDowall, who also found the attendance small and irregular. But various efforts were being made to rouse the intellectual life of the settlement into greater activity. The library had not been very successful; but the Mechanics' Institute, promoted largely by Mr. Macandrew and Mr. Burns, was socially and educationally of great value. Unfortunately the opening of this institution in 1853 was a fresh cause of controversy between the leaders of the colony and the “Little Enemy” faction. In 1851 Dr Richardson had arrived with the intention of establishing a branch of the English Church in Dunedin; and Bishop Selwyn appointed the Rev. J. A. Fenton to the new church. Here again friction was speedily manifest between the newcomers and the old identities; and a very ill-advised attempt on the part of the Anglicans to annex a portion of the Octagon Reserve as a site for the church, was the cause of much heartburning. From every point of view, it was highly desirable that some organised form of local government should be introduced into the settlement, so as to deal authoritatively with the financial and administrative difficulties that were constantly arising.
At last, in November, 1853, the little “Endeavour” brought down from Lyttelton the long expected news that the Constitution Act had become law. The intelligence was received with great rejoicings, and thus began a new era in the history of the settlement. But though the greatest obstacle to rapid progress was now removed, the life of the colonists was, and remained for years to come, an arduous and toilsome one. The difficulty of making a living in a new country was soon brought home to these adventurous settlers. Before the second batch of immigrants could be disembarked, operations were interrupted by rain which lasted for three weeks, and produced a very depressing effect upon the strangers. “Dark sombre forests, reeking with musty vapours, hung on the steep hillsides right down to the water's edge, while dripping mist rested like a pall overhead, shutting out the sun and landscape alike.” When the primitive houses were set up, it was a common occurrence to find them flooded out. When the pioneers began to try to make their way about the locality, they were met on every side by dense bush. “It was an almost impenetrable forest, and to get into the country the traveller had to bore his way through flax and fern and tutu and scrub and swamp.” Bridges belong to a later date. To get to Anderson's Bay the traveller had to take a boat or to make a long sweep round the sandhills by St. Clair. To get to Hillside, a way had to be forced through the bush by Fernhill. When it came to cutting and blazing tracks, it took a good bushman a hard eight hours' day to cover one mile. When the colonists first saw the Taieri Plains, that famous district was entirely under water. But through flax and fern and swamps the hardy colonists gradually forced their way. While the settlement was gradually extending into the Taieri, Tokomairiro, and Molyneux, the people on the outskirts of the colony suffered hardships almost inconceivable to their somewhat degenerate descendants. After the New Zealand Company had withdrawn from the colony, communication with England and Australia was rare and slow; even food was often scarce. Wheat was often at a premium; a little could be got from the Maoris, and many of the colonists had to do their own grinding. The camp oven was the universal culinary utensil; and “damper” baked in the ashes was a common form of bread. Manuka leaves often had to do duty for tea, roasted wheat for coffee, and manuka bark for tobacco. Even salt had to be got from sea water by evaporation. Away from town, the difficulty of keeping provisions in stock was even worse; and many of the early settlers had to carry their half-hundred of flour on their backs, through flax and scrub, as far as the Tokomairiro and the Molyneux. Before wheat could be grown the land had to be cleared, and the grain was reaped with hooks, threshed with flails, and winnowed in the wind, as in the “Shieling” hills of Scotland of old. There was little regular employment of labour, where each man had come prepared to do for himself all the work that fell in his way. There was little money in use; but many of the earlier colonists have left it on record that neither benevolence nor charity was wanting, that the settlers were hopeful and cheerful, and that they were generally
Such was the condition of the little colony when at last it received the long expected boon of an independent constitutional government. It was intended that the new Constitution should be brought into force at once; but the Provincial Councils did not meet for nearly a year, and eighteen months passed by before the General Assembly sat. In the meantime there was naturally a good deal of confusion and political agitation. In Otago the “Little Enemy” did their best to obstruct the promotion of Captain Cargill to the position he had so well earned as first Superintendent of the new province. By the Act, Otago was divided into two electoral districts. The Provincial Council was to contain nine members, three for Dunedin and six for the country district. In the House of Representatives it had three members; one for the town, and two for the country. The Legislative Council was made by the Act a nominee assembly, and was therefore from the outset the object of a good deal of ill feeling among the colonists. The Settlers' Association took up the work of preparing the people for the discharge of their new duties; and the election day duly came round.
The complete roll for the town contained 104 names, and for the country 275 names. The “Little Enemy” in vain endeavoured to include the Maoris—seventy-eight in number—in the first elections. A part from the feud between the “old identities” and the later comers who sought to supersede them, the most interesting public question concerned the land. The Constitution Act had committed the waste lands of the colony to the General Assembly, and that body at once, under the direction of the Governor, threw open these lands for sale at 5s and 10s per acre. As Canterbury and Otago had fixed their land price at £2 per acre, the Government's “eheap land” at once interfered with the development of these settlements; and as the result of a test appeal case it was discovered that the Governor had no power to authorise such sales. The cry for “dear” versus “cheap land” was one of the watchwords of the first election, and it was on these lines that the struggle was fought out. Captain Cargill was elected to be Superintendent, without opposition. The town members of the Provincial Council were W. H. Cutten, James Adam, and Alexander Rennie; the country members were J. H. Harris, James Macandrew, W. H. Reynolds, John Gillies, A. Anderson, Edward McGlashan. James Macandrew for the town, and John Cargill (son of the Superintendent) and W. H. Cutten for the country, were elected to the House of Representatives.
By this time (1854) the total population of the settlement was 2,400; 1350 males and 1,050 females. But only about 2,000 of these were included in the limits of the Otago block. More than 700 lived in Dunedin, 260 in the Taieri district, 140 at Waihola and Tokomairiro, and seventy at the Clutha. There were already about 35,000 sheep, 3,000 cattle, and 200 horses in the block. The sheep were worth about 35s per head, the cattle, £10 to £18, and the horses, £35 to £50. There were 2,000 acres under cultivation, and the productive power of the little colony was already established by the export of 1,000 bushels of grain in 1853. The limits of the province were extended in 1853 by the purchase, through Mr. Mantell, the Land Commissioner, of the last unsold portion of the South Island. This area comprised about four and a half million acres, south of a line drawn from Milford Sound to the Molyneux, and the total price paid was £2,600. Dunedin itself was growing slowly but surely, and the settlement was strengthened during this year by the arrival of two clergymen, the Rev. W. Will and Rev. W. Bannerman, as well as by the Association's agent, Mr. John McGlashan, who had all along been an important factor in the success of the colonisation scheme.
The first session of the Provincial Council was opened with great solemnity, and was marked by much excited discussion of the land question. The opening of the first colonial Parliament at Auckland on the 24th May, 1854, took the chief politicians of Dunedin far from their homes, and checked local activity for the time being. The need of labour to work the newly opened land produced various immigration schemes. Mr. W. H. Reynolds was sent to Melbourne to attract Victorians, and Mr. James Adam, in 1857, was sent as Immigration Agent to England, with more satisfactory results. The steady growth of the settlement rendered it necessary to organise and improve the town, and in 1855 the Dunedin Town Board was created. It consisted of nine members chosen by the electors, and the first chairman was Mr. John Jones. A struggle in the Council over education
It is impossible within narrow limits to trace the minor details of the growth of the province and its chief town. As to Dunedin itself, the new Town Board made some effort at forming streets and draining the town area; but the steady influx of immigrants and the lack of funds made their task very difficult. By 1857 “the place bid fair to be something like a town.” There were already four hotels, two printing offices, three churches, a high school, two breweries, two mills, a candle factory, and a photographic gallery. By this time 979 of the original 2,000 acre sections had been taken up, and it was stated that patches of land in the business part of the town, which nominally cost ten shillings, were now worth as much as £1,000. The population of Dunedin was now 890; the value of imports was £65,400, and of exports £23,000. The customs revenue was £8,200, and the town rates amounted to £220. Already the settlement was feeling the disadvantages of isolation from the rest of the commercial world; and the next year, 1858, marks the establishment of regular trade communication with England and with Australia. The “Strathallan” was the first direct ship from Dunedin to London; and Mr. Macandrew shortly afterwards chartered the “Strathfieldsaye” for Melbourne. But local jealousy did its best to defeat these enterprises. Later in the year, however, the indefatigable Mr. Macandrew astonished the town with another venture—the screw steamer “Queen,” 182 tons, which was to run regularly to Melbourne. Then came the “Pirate,” 285 tons, and Mr. John Jones bought the “Geelong,” 108 tons, for coastal trade. The province owed these advantages chiefly to the initiative and energy of Mr. Macandrew; and it was only with great reluctance that the Provincial Council consented to subsidise the Australian service.
Within the limits of the town, progress was now rapid. “One municipal section which in the very centre of the town had formerly been an unsightly nuisance, was now covered on both frontages by stylish shops.” A Town Board hall, a lunatic asylum, and a fire brigade station had been erected; a Mechanics' Institute was established; in 1859 a floral and fruit show was held; while iron foundries and sawmills already gave a strongly industrial aspect to the outskirts of the town. By 1860 the imports of the settlement had risen to £325,000, the exports to £80,200, and the customs revenue to £31,769. But in the next year the whole face and fortune of the country was changed by the discovery of gold.
As to the rest of Otago, the gradual expansion of settlement may be dated from 1856. In spite of the well grounded objection to “cheap land,” it was found impossible to maintain the original price with any prospect of attracting a large influx of settlers. Accordingly it was decided to divide the Otago block into eight hundreds, within which the rural sections were thrown open for sale at ten shillings an acre, with the forty shillings improvement clause. Outside these hundreds, 600,000 acres were thrown open for sale in blocks of not less than 2,000 acres, at ten shillings per acre, without the improvement clause. Several Australian runholders—among them Mr. W. J. Clarke—were attracted by these terms, and the opening of the back country from this time forth went steadily on. The leases ran for fourteen years undisturbed, with a valuation of sixpence per head for cattle and a penny for sheep. By 1861 there were 44,000 cattle and 194,000 sheep in the province. Much of the arduous work of exploring and surveying the pastoral country was done by Mr. John T. Thomson, who succeeded Mr. W. Mantell, the champion of the “Little Enemy,” in control of the Land and Survey Department. A great deal of North Otago was taken up at this time by Messrs H. Robison, Filleul Brothers, Teschemaker, Trotter, Valpy, Rich, and Suisted; and the foundation of Oamaru was laid. In the south of the province the agitation in Southland for its establishment under separate government for the time seemed to retard the growth of Otago. But the history of the new province, from 1861 to 1870, is described in a separate section of this volume. In 1860 Mr. W. G. Rees and Mr. von Tunzelmann, while exploring the interior of the province for new sheep country, penetrated as far as Lake Wakatipu, which had hitherto been known only from vague Maori rumours. These gentlemen navigated the lake for six days on a frail raft, and took up a large area of country around it. The Arrow, the Dart, the Shotover, the Rees, the Von Mountains, the Morven Hills, and Ben Lomond, were all named by these intrepid wanderers; and a new world was opened to the settlers, who had hitherto kept close to the coast and the chief town.
In 1859 Captain Cargill, who had begun to feel the pressure of old age, resigned his position. It was a foregone conclusion that his place would be filled by Mr. Macandrew, to whose energy and enterprise the colony was already deeply indebted. There was no opposition, but Mr. Macandrew brought out a very sanguine and progressive programme of public works involving heavy expenditure. Unfortunately, his recklessness had already entangled him in serious monetary difficulties, and an investigation of the public accounts in 1861 showed that there were large deficiencies for which the Superintendent was responsible. He was dismissed from his post by the Governor, and was imprisoned for debt at the suit of a private creditor. The vacancy caused by this unfortunate episode was filled by an election in May, 1861. The three candidates were Major Richardson, Mr. McMaster, and Mr. Macandrew. Major Richardson was already Speaker of the Provincial Council, and had won public confidence by his moderation and public spirit. Mr. McMaster, of Oamaru, was the squatters' candidate, and represented the pastoral interest, while Major Richardson was in favour of a fair price for land, and the encouragement of agriculture. In spite of Mr. Macandrew's faults and misfortunes he had a large following, and though the final choice of the electors fell upon Major Richardson, both his opponents polled heavily. Major Richardson proved a competent and successful Superintendent; but in the first year of his tenure of office, the colony was revolutionised by an event which the founders of the settlement neither desired nor anticipated—the discovery of gold.
As early as 1851, gold dust and auriferous quartz had been brought from Waikouaiti to Dunedin by Messrs Pharazyn and Nairn. In 1856 Mr. C. Ligar, afterwards chief surveyor of Southland, reported that he had found gold in the sands and gravel of the Mataura. Mr. J. T. Thomson, the chief surveyor of Otago, had also come across gold in the rivers; but at first little attention was paid to these announcements. Then, in time, the wonderful tales of the “diggings” in Victoria and New South Wales began to unsettle the hitherto peaceful and contented
The discovery of gold at Gabriel's Gully completely transformed the little colony. When it was known that within sixty miles of the sea, there was gold to be got in large quantities by anyone strong enough to handle a shovel or a tin dish, the whole male population of the settlement arose and poured inland. It was mid-winter; but at Tokomairiro only the pastor and the precentor were left for the next Sunday's service. “Dunedin,” says Dr Hocken, “followed the lead; morning after morning fresh parties left the town, master and man on equal terms; clerks and mechanics, the better class, and the shopkeepers, all travelling to the same goal.” The news soon spread in all directions. “On the 24th of June, 1861,” writes Mr. McIndoe in “Picturesque Dunedin,” “Tuapeka godfields were proclaimed by the Provincial Government. The news was spread abroad over New Zealand, Australia, and onward to Britain. If Dunedin was deserted by the 'old identity' male inhabitants, it was not long before their places were filled up a hundredfold. Within three months from the date of the proclamation, diggers were landing in Dunedin from the neighbouring colonies, sometimes at the rate of over a 1,000 a day. The conditions of the town were quite out of joint with the altered times. Dwellings, stores, offices, wharves, magistrates, police, light, water, fuel, provender, carriage, all were in short supply, with a daily increasing demand.” Naturally, prices rose at once. Within two months flour was £50 a ton, in Dunedin, meat 1s per pound, butter cost 2s 6d; while at the diggings, the cost of living was proportionately higher. “Habitations for the crowds did not exist. Sleeping room on a hotel floor without a mattress at half-a-crown a night was counted a luxury.” Suggestions were made to utilise the floors of the churches; but the majority of the newcomers slept under canvas. On all sides, in vacant sections and on the public reserves, there sprang up the tents of the diggers waiting for a chance to reach their destination. By the 11th of October, 1861, “Cobb and Co.,” famous in Australian history, had a coach running to Tuapeka, and the service was kept up with great regularity and success, considering the state of the roads. By springtime, the population of the settlement was increased by 20,000 or more, and the Superintendent requested the Victorian Government to send over a number of their constabulary familiar with the arduous work of the gold escort. The newcomers, under Mr. St. John Branigan, were capable and courageous men, who performed their daring duties with remarkable success “in a country with which they were unacquainted, in a climate far more severe than that to which they had been accustomed, and in houseless, trackless, mountainous regions hardly fit at the time for human habitation.” Every week the escort brought down to Dunedin large quantities of gold, the remittances soon rising from 500 ounces to as much as 8,000 ounces in one week. Yet, in spite of the heavy strain thrown upon the authorities, so well was order maintained that crime was almost unknown.
It is easy to understand that this sudden influx of population, accompanied by a marvellous increase in the colony's wealth, must have worked a great and immediate change in the settlement. In 1860 the imports of Otago were valued at £325,162, the exports at £80,268, and the customs revenue was £31,769. During that eventful year, the permanent population of Dunedin rose from 2,262 to 5,956; and the need for a great extension and improvement of the town was now urgent. “Warehouses were being erected in scores, as fast as tradesmen could be got to put them together. Dwelling houses, in wonderful diversity of shape of any available material, were showing in all directions. Empty cases, tin and
From this epoch may be fitly dated the history of modern Dunedin. The old days had now irrevocably passed away. The inevitable conflict between the “Old Identity' and the “New Iniquity” could have but one ultimate issue. Captain Cargill had died in 1860; and though Dr Burns and the survivors of the original settlement not unnaturally saw much that was objectionable to them in the new order of things, yet they could not hope to stem the influx of strangers, by which the Scotch and the Presbyterian elements in the little colony seemed likely to be submerged. But in time even the staunchest old identity came to understand that the great change which passed over the settlement was a necessary phase in its progress, and that in no other way could Otago so soon or so successfully have been developed from childhood to the strength of a full and prosperous maturity.
Since the “sixties” the progress of Dunedin, and of the whole province, has been steady and rapid. As to the city itself, the City Council has done its best, since its first appointment, to provide for the ever increasing requirements inseparable from its growth. But Dunedin has now attained a size that renders altogether inadequate the public works system of an earlier generation. The demand for a Greater Dunedin, in which the surrounding suburbs shall be merged, arises from the same needs as the agitation for electric traction and electric light and a larger water supply. From an irregular, badly drained, and rather squalid little town, Dunedin has grown within forty years into a handsome, well-built, and prosperous city. Among the events which mark a new era in the life of the city and the province may be noted the establishment of the University of Otago in 1871, the opening of cable communication with London in 1872, the constitution of the Otago Harbour Board in 1874, and the formation of the Union Steam Ship Company in 1875. Within thirty years this company has bought or constructed 100 steamers. In 1877 the fleet comprised eleven steamers with a tonnage of 5,500. Now the company owns fifty seven of the best appointed steamers in the world, totalling 92,600 tons. No stronger proof could be given of the rapid progress of the colony, and more especially of the city where the company has its headquarters. In 1878 the city revenue was £28,000; by 1884 it had increased to £41,000; while by 1898, the year of the settlement's Jubilee, it had risen to £105,000. In 1857 the total valuation of the town was £4,400. By 1898 it was £233,360, or, including suburbs, £381,800; a valuation representing, when capitalised, over £7,500,000 sterling. But it is superfluous to add statistics of this work, to prove the rapidity of Otago's growth and the soundness of its prosperity.
The Legislative Council of New Zealand is at present composed of forty-two members. Before 1891 members summoned by the Governor were appointed for life. In 1891, an Act was passed authorising the Council to elect its own Speaker for five years, and making future appointments to the Council tenable for seven years only, though retiring councillors are eligible for reappointment. Otago (including Southland) has now ten members in the Legislative Council, as against nine Canterbury members, nine Auckland and Taranaki members, and four wellington members, and four Wellington members. The life members from Otago are Sir H. J. Miller (who was Speaker of the Council from the 8th of July, 1892, till June, 1903, when the Hon. W. C. Walker was elected as his successor), Mr. G. McLean, and Mr. H. K. Taiaroa. The other Otago members are: Mr. W. M. Bolt, appointed originally in 1892; Mr. H. Feldwick, appointed originally in 1899; Mr. G. Jones, appointed originally in 1895; Mr. D. Pinkerton, appointed originally in 1897; Mr. A. L. Smith, appointed originally in 1898; and Mr. A. Baldey, appointed in March, 1903. Messrs Feldwick and Baldey are noticed under Southland.
Member of the Legislative Council, is the second son of the late Rev. Sir Thomas Miller, Bart, of Hampshire, England, and was born in 1830, at Froyle, Alton, Hants, and educated at Eton. At the age of thirty he arrived in Otago, from Sydney, by the “City of Sydney,” and since that time he has been actively intarested in pastoral pursuits, and latterly in the coal-mining industry. Sir Henry entered public life as a member of the Provincial Council of Otago, in which he represented Oamaru, and for about two years he held office in the Executive as Secretary for Public Works. He was nominated to the Legislative Council by the Weld Ministry, on the 8th of July, 1865, and he sat as a member of the Executive Council of the Fox-Vogel Government in 1872. On the 8th of July, 1892, Sir Henry was elected Speaker of the Legislative Council, in succession to Sir Harry Atkinson, and held the position till June, 1903. He was married, in 1864, to a daughter of the late Mr. John Orbell, of Waikouaiti, and has, surviving, five sons and one daughter.
was raised in 1879 to the Legislative Council, of which he was a member for a year, and he was re-called for life on the 15th of May, 1885. Previously he had been a member of the House of Representatives. He is the youngest son of the noted chieftain Taiaroa, of the Ngaitahu and Ngatimamoe tribes, who took a leading part in the defence of Kajapoi, immediately preceding its capture by Te Rauparaha in 1831. Mr. Taiaroa owns considerable property on the Otago Peninsula, and also at Taumutu, Canterbury. During his long years of service in both Houses of Parliament, Mr. Taiaroa has done much to advance the welfare of the country in the interest of his own race and the colonists. Mr. Taiaroa has six sons, surviving, and of these Mr. D. Taiaroa is well known as a footballer, and accompanied the New Zealand football team to England in 1889.
has been a member of the Legislative Council since the 19th of December, 1881. He was born at Elgin, Scotland, on the 10th of September, 1834, and is a son of Mr. James McLean and Jane Proctor his wife. In 1851 he arrived in Australia, and was engaged in the Colonial Bank of Australia, and afterwards in the Oriental Bank Corporation. Eleven years later he came to New Zealand, to fill the position of manager of the Dunedin branch of the Bank of New Zealand. Mr. McLean entered political life as a member of the Otago Provincial Council, in which he became Provincial Treasurer. He was elected to the House of Representatives as member for Waikouaiti in 1871, and for ten years he represented that electorate; and was a member of the Vogel and Atkinson Administrations, holding the portfolios of Commissioner of Customs, Postmaster-General and Commissioner of Telegraphs, and Commissioner of Trade. Mr. McLean has been largely identified with commerce and important colonial institutions. He was Chairman of Directors of the Colonial Bank of New Zealand, and has held a similar position in the Union Steam Ship Company of New Zealand since its inauguration. In 1867 Mr. McLean married a daughter of the late Hon Matthew Holmes, sometime of “Castle Rock,” Southland, “Awamoa,” near Oamaru, and latterly of Wellington, and has one son and five daughters.
, M.L.C., was born in 1838 at Lerwick, in the Shetland Isles, and was educated at the parish school of Sandness. During his early years he assisted his father, the village blacksmith, in the smithy, in the management of a small croft, and in fishing. In 1855 Mr. Bolt—then seventeen years of age—went to Liverpool, where he shipped on a vessel chartered by
, Member of the Legislative Council, who was called to the Council on the 13th of December, 1895, and rcappointed in December, 1902, was born in 1844 in the Hutt Valley. He was educated at Geelong, Victoria, and since the age of fourteen has been connected with the printing business, to which he served a portion of his apprenticeship in Geelong. After a time he was employed in the Government printing office, Brisbane, and subsequently on the “Bulletin,” Rockhampton, where he was admitted as a journeyman at the age of seventeen years. He arrived in Christchurch in 1863, and was successively employed on the “Standard,” “Lyttelton Times,” and “Press” newspapers; and in 1866 he entered into business with a partner under the style of Jones and Bent general printers, Cathedral Square. Mr. Bent retired shortly afterwards, and Mr. Tombs, afterwards of Whitcombe and Tombs, took his place, and the business was conducted for several years as that of Jones and Tombs. After a visit to England in connection with his eyesight, Mr. Jones opened a business in Wellesley Street, Auckland, where for two or three years he held the printing contract under the Provincial Government. In 1870 he founded the “Waikato Times” newspaper, and two years later the “Echo,” in Auckland, in opposition to the “Evening Star.” After a valiant fight extending over twelve months, he removed his plant to Dunedin and founded the “Evening News,” which was conducted for six months, in conjunction with Messrs Reed and Brett, in the interest of provincial institutions. This paper died prematurely, however. After twelve months' employment on the “Guardian,” a paper which was conducted by Messrs G. M. Reed and George Fenwick, Mr. Jones settled in Oamaru in 1877, and purchased the “Evening Mail,” which was re-named by him the “Oamaru Mail,” and is further referred to in another article under Oamaru. Mr. Jones first came into political prominence in 1877, when he wrote an article charging the Attorney General, the late Sir Frederick Whitaker, with bringing in and promoting a Native Land Bill, to afford facilities for the acquisition of land for himself and his friends. The article in question was demed to be a breach of privilege, and Mr. Jones was summoned to appear at the Bar of the House. On his appearance he declined to withdraw what he had written, and reiterated his statements. While Parliament was engaged in debating what penalty should be meted out to him, Mr. Jones himself was dispensing and attracting social gaiety, in the room of the Sergeant at Arms, Major Paul, who was showing him every consideration and kindness. During his walks about Wellington, while he was the “guest” of the House, Mr. Jones was accompanied by a stalwart member of the armed constabulary, who proved to be an old Waikato friend. The result of the deliberations in Parliament was a prosecution in the Law Courts, as it was found that the offender could be imprisoned within the precincts of the House during the sessional term only, and that was not considered sufficient punishment. After appearing before a Resident Magistrate at Wellington, Mr. Jones was committed for trial at the Supreme Court, Dunedin, where he was finally acquitted. To the Colony the result was a bill for legal expenses amounting to £2300; and to Mr. Jones the doubling of the circulation of his paper. Almost immediately afterwards he was returned to the House, as representative for Oamaru; but owing to ill-health, he had to resign in 1881, and was replaced by Mr. Thomas Young Duncan, who, after the death of Sir John McKenzie, became Minister of Lands and Agriculture in the Seddon Government. Mr. Jones is well-known as a musician of considerable ability, his instrument being the violin. At the age of twelve he made his debut as a violin soloist in the Geelong Town Hall, at a concert given for the benefit of the Ladies' Benevolent Society. In Brisbane he played first violin in connection with the local Musical Society. During his residence in Christchurch, he was a member of the original Christchurch Musical Society, of which Mr. Charles Bonnington was leader, and in Auckland he played first violin and viola in the Choral Society, in which Judge Fenton took a leading part. Mr. Jones was also leader of the Ponsonby Society, Auckland, of which the late Mr. John Mitchell was conductor. In Dunedin he took a leading part in the Choral Society, and was leading violinist of the Orchestral Society; and in Oamaru he was connected with the Oamaru Garrison Band for about fifteen years, during which it was successful in several competitions. Owing to ill-health Mr. Jones retired from the band in 1892, when he paid a visit to England. He was married in 1865 to Dorothy Tweedy, a daughter of the late Mr. Tweedy, of Sunderland, and has five sons and four daughters. Mr. Jones is one of the few newspaper men in New Zealand who are staunch prohibitionists.
landed in New Zealand from the ship “Lady Egidia,” in January, 1861. Mr. Pinkerton was born in Kirknewton, near Edinburgh, Scotland, in 1836, and was there educated under Dr. Hislop, afterwards Under-Secretary for Education in New Zealand. He is a bootmaker, and with the exception of a short time on the goldfields, has been engaged in that line of business, either as an employer or as a journeyman, since completing his apprenticeship. For many years past he has taken a keen interest in the labour question, and was actively engaged as president or treasurer of various unions till 1890. On the Otago Trades and Labour Council he occupied the position of president for a period of three years, and when his parliamentary engagements necessitated his resignation, a presentation consisting of a beautifully executed oil painting of himself was tendered, as a recognition of his ser vices in the cause of unionism. Mr. Pinkerton was first returned to the House of Representatives at the general election of 1890, with Messrs Hutchison and Fish, for the city of Dunedin. Three years later he was again returned for the same constituency, together with Messrs. Hutchison and Earnshaw. At the general election of 1896 Mr. Pinkerton was defeated, although he had faithfully suported the Labour and Liberal party in the House, and had occupied the position of chairman of the Labour Bills Committee for the previous three years. In February, 1897, however, he was called to a seat in the Legislative Council; in the short session of the early part of 1897, he moved the address-in-reply to the Governor's speech. During Mr. Pinkerton's residence in Dunedin, he has shown an intelligent interest in movements tending to further the general advancement of the city and Colony, and was a member of the committee of the New Zealand and South Seas Exhibition of 1889–90. He is an old member of the order of Foresters, and at one time occupied the position of district chief ranger. Mr. Pinkerton was married in 1860 to Miss Margarel Fairely, of Kirknewton, and has three daughters, one of whom is the wife of Mr. D. H. Cameron, of the Hansard staff.
, who was called to the Legislative Council on the 18th of June, 1898, is a native of Yorkshire, England. He was educated privately in the Old Country, and came out to New Zealand, in 1868, landing at Wellington. Since then he has been intimately connected with large manufacturing and commercial businesses, and is Chairman of Directors of Donaghy's Rope and Twine Company, Limited, Dunedin, and a director of the Union Steam Ship Company of New Zealand.
was called to the Legislative Council on the 22nd of June, 1899. He has taken a very prominent part in public affairs in Otago, and is elsewhere referred to as Chairman of the Otago Harbour Board.
When the Constitution was first granted in 1853, the Governor called to the Upper House Mr. F. D. Bell and Captain E. H. Bellairs, a wealthy gentleman, who had been also connected with the Canterbury settlement. But in 1856 Mr. Bell resigned, and Captain Bellairs returned to England. Mr. John Hyde Harris was, later, Superintendent of the province, member of the Legislative Council (1867–1868), District Judge, and member of the Otago University. He married one of Captain Cargill's daughters, and died in 1886. By 1862 the prominence that Otago had attained through the gold discoveries made it necessary to increase her representation in the Legislative Council, and accordingly in that year Mr. A. Buchanan was appointed, and Mr. F. S. Pillans in 1863. By 1865 the Council was greatly enlarged, and in addition to these two members, Messrs H. J. Miller, J. Rolland were summoned to the Legislature. Mr. Prendergast was Attorney-General in the Weld Ministry of 1865, and was afterwards Chief Justice of the colony from the 1st of April, 1875, to the 25th of May, 1899. During his tenure of office he was knighted, and he was succeeded as Chief Justice by Sir Robert Stout on the 22nd of June, 1899. Mr. Strode was the first resident magistrate appointed in Dunedin, at a time when Government nominees were extremely unpopular with the young settlement.
In 1868 the Otago members of the Council were Messrs Buchanan, Miller, Pillans, Holmes, John McLean, and Richardson; while Dr Menzies, and Messrs J. P. Taylor and W. H. Nurse represented Southland. Of the new members, Mr. M. Holmes and Mr. J. McLean stood for the great pastoral interests, which then, as now, formed the mainstay of the country. Sir John Richardson had been a member of the Provincial Council since 1860, and was elected its Speaker in 1861. Later he represented Dunedin in the House of Representatives, and in 1871 was elected Speaker of the Legislative Council—a position which he held till his death in 1879. He was a man of considerable capacity and of unquestionable integrity, and did much to maintain the high standard of public life and conduct set by the pioneers of the colony. Mr. James Paterson, who was called to the Council in 1869, had been Provincial Secretary when Mr. John Hyde Harris was Superintendent, and became Postmaster-General in the Stafford Ministry of 1865–1866.
In 1871 the number of Otago (including Southland) Legislative Councillors had risen to ten. Mr. John McLean's place had been taken by Mr. Robert Campbell; and Mr. Thomas Fraser had been called to the Council. In 1873, Mr. Pillans resigned, and by 1876 the Otago members of the Council were again reduced to eight.
By 1879, subsequent to the abolition of the provinces, the number of Otago members had been increased to eleven. The new members were: Sir F. D. Bell, W. H. Reynolds, W. Wood and H. K. Taiaroa. Sir F. D. Bell had been Colonial Treasurer in the first responsible ministry in 1856, but did not settle in Otago till 1864. He was, later, Speaker of the House of Representatives for four years, and after 1880 held the office of Agent-General for the colony for ten years in London. Mr. Reynolds was a member of the Provinical Council from its inception to its abolition—1853–1876—and was Speaker of the Council in 1867. He acted as Honorary Immigration Agent for the colony in England, and was elected to the House of Representatives for Dunedin in 1863 and 1865. He was Commissioner of Customs in the Waterhouse Government and under Fox, Pollen and Vogel. Mr. Reynolds was largely instrumental in saving for the province the education reserves which were in danger of being absorbed by the central goverment after 1876. Mr. H. K. Taiaroa, the son of the old chief Taiaroa, who had signed the original deed for the purchase of the Otago Block, for many years represented Otago and the Southern Maori electorate in both Houses of the Legislature, with great satisfaction to his constituents; and after a short absence was recalled to the Council, of which he is still a member.
By 1880 Sir F. D. Bell had left the colony, but Mr. George McLean—who is still a member of the Council—and Mr. Richard Oliver were appointed in 1881. Both these gentlemen had been members of the House, and both held office in several Governments. A biography of Mr. McLean appears on page 75 of the Wellington volume of this Cyclopedia, and of Mr. Oliver on page 80 of the same volume.
In 1885 the number of Councillors fell to ten through the death of Mr. Wood. In that year Mr. S. E. Shrimski, who had previously sat for Oamaru in the House of Representatives, first appears on the list. Mr. Shrimski took an active part in political affairs for many years, and died in Auckland in 1902. By 1891 the number of Otago Councillors was reduced to nine, as Mr. Paterson and Mr. Nurse had disappeared, and Mr. W. D. Stewart alone replaced them. However, in 1894, Messrs W. M. Bolt, H. J. Feldwiek and John MacGregor brought up the Otago membership once more to eleven. In 1895 the total was still further increased to twelve by the inclusion of Mr. George Jones, of Oamaru; but later changes reduced it to ten. This brief sketch of the representation of Otago in the Legislative Council is sufficient to show that in this sphere of public life, the interests of the province have been guarded by some of the most capable of its public men.
, who in the early days of the colony was associated with the New Zealand Company, joined the service of the Company in England, in 1839, and for some time filled the position of Chief Secretary. He arrived in New Zealand shortly after the Wairau masacre, and was engaged in negotiating the purchase of land and settling many land disputes. In 1848 he succeeded Mr. Fox as Attorney-General for the Southern Province, and was subsequently appointed a member of the Legislative Council of New Munster, as the South Island was then called. He resigned this position in 1850, and a year later he was appointed
was called to the Legislative Council in 1858, and sat as a member until 1864. In September, 1867, he was again nominated to the Council, when he joined the Stafford Government, as a member of the Executive Council, without portfolio. A month later he was appointed Solicitor-General, and held this office till May, 1868. Mr. Harris is more fully referred to among the Superintendents of Otago.
was called to the Legislative Council in 1862, and was a member of that body until 1874. He was born in England, of Scottish parents, studied for the medical profession, and practised in London. When he came out to New Zealand Dr Buchanan arrived at Auckland, whence he removed to Dunedin in the early sixties. He took up a run in the Maniototo district, but resided monstly in the North-East Valley, near Dunedin. Subsequently he went Home, and died in London, on the 4th of September, 1877.
, B.A., for many years Chief Justice of New Zealand, was born in 1828, and educated at St. Paul's School, and at Queen's College, Cambridge, where he graduated B. A. in 1849. He entered the legal profession, studied at the Middle Temple, London, and was admitted to the bar in 1856. Sir James practised as a special pleader in England, and in 1862 he came out to Otago by the ship “Chili.” He was admitted to the New Zealand bar, and in the following year was appointed Crown Prosecutor at Dunedin, and Provincial Solicitor for the province of Otago. In 1865 Sir James was called to the Legislative Council, and was appointed Non-Political Soclicitor-General and subsequently Non-Political Attorney-General. This latter position he filled until 1875, when he was appointed Chief Justice of New Zealand. On several occasions during the absence of successive Governors from the colony, Sir James creditably filled the position of Deputy-Governor. He resigned the Chief Justiceship on the 25th of May, 1899, and was succeeded within a month by Sir Robert Stcut.
was called to the Legislative Council in 1865, and was a member for one year. Mr. Rolland was a retired Edinburgh lawyer, who arrived by the ship “Alpine” in 1859. He took up land in the Clutha district, and subsequently owned a large sheep run at Blacksotne Hill, which he afterwards made over to his sons.
was called to the Legislative Council in 1865, and sat as a member for three years. He was a native of Somersetshire, England, and a son of Sir Edward Chetham Strode. In the early days of the colony he arrived in the Norht Island, where he took part in the Maori war during 1846–47. Subsequently he became clerk to the Bench in Wellington, and was afterwards appointed first resident magistrate for Otago. On the 20th of April, 1848, he arrived in Dunedin by the schooner “Perseverance,” shortly after the arrival of the first immigrants. Mr. Strode filled many offices during his long connection with the province of Otago. He was the first commissioner appointed when gold was discovered, and he was also sheriff of the province at one time. After about thirty years of service, he retired on a pension, and resided in London, where he died on the 13th of May, 1890, aged sixty-seven years.
was for thirty-five years a member of the Legislative Council, to which he was nominated in 1866, and in which he retained his seat up to the time of his death, on the 27th of September, 1901. He was born in 1817 in Strabane. County Tyrone, Ireland, where he received a good education, and was brought up to commercial life. In 1837 he set out for Australia and settled in Victoria, where he engaged in business, and exported to England some of the first wool shipped from that colony. In 1854 Mr. Holmes left Victoria for Scotland, where he purchased an estate near Edilburgh, and resided for some years. His thoughts, however, turned again to the colonies, and in 1859 he came out to New Zealand in the S. S. “Pirate.” Shortly afterwards two large ships,
, sometime of Redcastle, Oamaru, was born in 1818 in the Island of Coll, Argyleshire, Scotland, and in his early years followed farming. He came out to Australia in 1839, and entered largely into pastoral pursuits in Victoria. He then disposed of his runs to advantage, and crossed the Tasman Sea in 1854, when he was accompanied by his mother and two sisters. Mr. McLean landed in Canterbury, but subsequently removed to Otago, where he and his brother, Mr. Allan McLean, took up a large area of sheep-carrying country. At one time they occupied over 500,000 acres, and were the largest flockowners in New Zealand. In one year they shore nearly 250,000 sheep. Their Morven Hills run covered an area of 200,000 acres, and they had other properties. Morven Hills run was sold early in the seventies, and the brothers dissolved partnership. Mr. John McLean still owned over 60,000 acres of freehold land. Mr. McLean always took an active interest in public affairs. He was one of the earliest members of the Provincial Council of Otago, and was a member when the provinces were abolished in 1876. He was called to the Legislative Council in 1867, but resigned his seat in that branch of the Legislature in 1872. After settling at his beautiful seat of Redeastle, near Oamaru, Mr. McLean served as a member of the local road board, and was president of the North Otago Agricultural and Pastoral Association and of the Oamaru Caledonian Society. He died at Redcastle, on the 15th of July, 1902, after a long illness.
, who was a member of the Legislative Council from 1867 to 1879, filled the position of Speaker for nearly the whole of that period. He was a Superintendent of the Province of Otago, and is else where referred to in that capacity.
was called to the Legislative Council on the 17th of June, 1869, and held his seat until 1884. He is further referred to amongst the former members of the House of Representatives.
was born in 1843 and educated at Eton, and when ninteen years of age he came out to New Zealand with his brother. They landed at Auckland, but made their way to Otago, where they purchased the Benmore station. Later on other properties were bought, amongst them Otekaike, which was selected by Mr. Campbell as his future home. Shortly after acquiring this property Mr. Campbell married the eldest daughter of the late Hon. T. Hawdon, of Christchurch. He first entered political life as a member of the Provinical Council of Otago, and was afterwards elected to represent Waitaki in the House of Representatives, in which he acted for some time as one of the whips of the Stafford Government. In 1870 he was called to the Legislative Council, of which he was a member at the time of his death. He was the first chairman of the Waitaki Country Council, and for some years an active member of the Oamaru Harbour Board. Mr. Campbell died on the 9th of December, 1889, at Dunedin, leaving a widow, but no children.
was born in 1809, at Ledclune, Inverness-shire, Scotland, and was the son of Captain Hugh Fraser. At the age of sixteen he entered the service of the East India Company, as an ensign in the 7th Bengal Cavalry, and retired seventeen years later with the rank of captain. He bore the reputation of being a gallant and daring officer. Two or three times he was shipwrecked, and on one occasion was the solitary survivor of a vessel which was wrecked off the coast of France. In 1858 Captain Fraser, having retired from the East India Company's service, embarked for New Zealand in the ship “Oliver Laing,” and arrived in Wellington in the same year. He came on to Otago, where he entered pastoral life, and bought a station at Shag Valley. In 1860 he entered the House of Representatives as member for Waikouaiti, and held the seat during the term of the Parliament. On the 13th of May, 1870, when the Fox-Vogel Administration was in office, he was called to the Legislative Council, and retained his seat until his death, which occurred on the 24th of June, 1891.
, M.L.C., who was called to the Legislative Council in 1898, and retained his seat in that branch of the Legislature until his death in 1899, was born at Chatham, Kent, England, in 1822. He was the youngest son of the late Mr. Thomas Reynolds, lieutenant R.N., who, on account of ill-health, was obliged to leave the navy and settle in Spain and Portugal, where at an early age William Reynolds went to live on his father's cork plantations. After spending some years in the country in acquiring a knowledge of the cork and wine business, he went to London, where he represented a branch of his father's firm of Thomas Reynolds and Son. In 1850 he sailed in the schooner “Titan” for Otago, and shortly after landing became a partner in the firm of Messrs James Macandrew and Co., with which he retained his connection till 1858, after which he engaged in business on his own account, until his retirement in 1867. His political career commenced in 1853, when he was elected a member of the Otago Provincial Council, in which he held a seat, and occupied the position of Speaker for four years, until the abolition of the provinces in 1876. He was several times a member of the Provincial Executive and rendered valuable services in connection with the introduction of settlers for the province, having, upon one occasion, gone to Great Britain as Honorary Immigration Agent. In 1863 Mr. Reynolds was elected a member of the House of Representatives for Dunedin, which he continued to represent till 1876, and for two sessions subsequently he sat for Port Chalmers. He held a portfolio in four successive Governments; namely, in the Waterhouse Ministry, in the Fox Ministry, the Stout-Vogel Ministry. Mr. Reynolds was married, in 1856, to Miss Rachel Selina Pinkerton, daughter of Mr. William Pinkerton, runholder, of South Australia and Otago, and had a family of four sons and five daughters. He
, who was nominated to the Legislative Council in November, 1881, is referred to among the exmembers of the House of Representatives.
, who was called to the Legislative Council in 1885, commenced his parliamentary career in 1871, as
was born in 1830, at Posen, in Prussian Poland, where he received his early education. For twelve years he resided in London, and was afterwards in Melbourne. He arrived in New Zealand in 1861, and settled at Oamaru. Mr. Shrimski sat in the House of Representatives for about eight years, first as one of the members for Waitaki, and then as member for Oamaru. At his last election he defeated Viscount Reidhaven, afterwards Earl of Seafield, who, while leading the life of a colonist at Oamaru, succeeded his father as Earl of Seafield and Chief of Clan Grant in Scotland. Mr. Shrimski was called to the Legislative Council on the 15th of May, 1885, during the administration of Sir Robert Stout and Sir Julius Vogel. He had been Mayor of Oamaru, chairman of the Waitaki High School Board of Governors, and treasurer of the Oamaru Hospital Board. Mr. Shrimski died at Auckland, on the 25th of June, 1902.
, sometime member of the Legislative Council of New Zealand, was born at Blairdrummond, near Stirling. Scotland. on the 15th of May, 1842. He studied law for some time in Scotland, but came out to the Colony when nineteen years of age, and entered the office of Messrs Richmond and Gillies in Dunedin in 1862. In 1864 Mr. Stewart became a pupil of Mr. James Prendergast (afterwards Chief Justice), who was then in practice in Dunedin, and, on the appointment of the latter as Attorney-General of the Colony, he was admitted in June, 1867, as a barrister and solicitor. He then began the practice of his profession. In 1879 Mr. Stewart was elected a member of the House of Representatives for Dunedin, and, on the defeat of the Grey Administration, again stood for Dunedin, and was returned a second time in the same year. He contested the Dunedin West seat at the election of 1880 against the Hon. Thos. Dick, but was defeated by eight votes. In 1884, however, he was returned by a small majority over the same opponent, and three years later he was successful in securing re-election, Mr. Dick again contesting the same seat with him. Mr. Stewart was in 1891 called to the Legislative Council, his being the last life appointment made by Lord Onslow. In 1879 he was offered but declined the office of Attorney-General in the Grey Administation. Mr. Stewart in 1875 visited Britain, travelling through the United States, where he made a special study of the laws of various states; on his return to this colony he delivered a lecture to the Otago Law Students' Soclety on “English and American Law.” This lecture, which was republished in the States, suggested a number of legal reforms, most of which have since become law. Mr. Stewart advocated a code of procedure, and that the costs of an action should be fixed according to a scale; that prisoner in poor circumstances should have a right to counsel paid by the State; that confessions made to clergymen and communications made to physicians should be privlleged; that the rate of interest should be fixed; that there should be a Contractors' Lien Act; that the legal status of married women should be altered; that a betterment law should be passed; the abolition of primogenlture; and the fusion of law and equity. In 1879 he introduced a Bill to enable a woman to whom unchastity was imputed to bring an action for slander without proof of special damage. This reform has since been carried in England and Victoria. In 1885 he carried the Evidence Amendment Act, by which the Courts were entitled to take judicial notice of the laws of foregin countries, and under which an action for seduction may be brought without proof of loss of service. In 1879 he carried an Act by which deeds could be proved in the Magistrate's Court, without calling the attestin witness. This alteration of the law has proved a great benefit, and is re-enacted by section 89 of the “Magistrate's Court Act, 1893.” In 1884 he carried an Act making the publication of a false notice of birth, death, or marriage in a newspaper punishable by fine or imprisonment; and in the following year an amendment by which acknowledgment of deeds by married women was abolished, and an amendment in the “Administration Act, 1885,” by which executors and administrators may resign or be removed. After the maritime strike of 1890 Mr. Stewart prepared and carried to a second reading a Strikes and Arbitration Bill, the first proposal of the kind in the colonies to provide a means of settlement of differences between employer and employed. This Bill was the basis of the Industrial and Conciliation Act, passed in 1894 by the Seddon Ministry. In 1891 he carried several important amendments in the law relating to trustees. Mr. Stewart supported the extension of the franchise to women, and advocated trade protection for a young colony, and the reading of the Bible in public schools. In 1883 he again visited the United States and Canada. He took an active interest in all legal and social reforms. Mr. Stewart was married in 1868 to the youngest daughter of the late Mr. George Hepburn, of Waikari, Canterbury, who died ten years later, leaving two sons and two daughters. One daughter passed her art examination at Oxford. In 1881 Mr. Stewart married Miss Mary Thomson, youngest daughter of Mr. John Thomson, formerly Provost of Irvine, Ayrshire, Scotland. He died on the 25th of November, 1898.
was the third son of Major Robert Bell Fulton, of the Honourable East India Company's Bengal Artillery, and was born in 1830. He was educated at Blackheath Proprietary School, and in 1849 he came to New Zealand by the ship “Ajax,” in company with Mr. W. H. Valpy, a retired Indian judge, one of whose daughters he married in 1852. Mr. Fulton engaged in sheepfarming at West Taieri, but was soon afterwards appointed Resident Magistrate at Outram and Dunedin. At the general election in 1879 he was invited to become a candidate for the representation of Taieri in Parliment, and was returned as member. In 1882 he was returned unopposed, and he was again returned for the Taieri—but not without opposition—in 1884 and 1887, in each instance defeating Mr Carncross. He was chairman of the Taieri County Council, a member of the University Council, Otago Education Board, and the High Schools Board of Governors. Mr. Fulton was called to the Legislative Council in January,
, M.A., who was nominated to the Upper House by the Ballance Government in 1892, was born, in 1850, at Aberfeldy, Perthshire, Scotland. He studied at the University of Edinburgh, and graduated M.A. in 1874. In the year following he arrived in Otago, and was admitted a barrister and solicitor of the Supreme Court of New Zealand in 1876. He has practised his profesion as a member of the firm of Messrs. Duncan and MacGregor in Dunedin since 1877. Mr. MacGregor introduced a “Divorce Bill” in the Councll, to put women in the same position as men in respect to divorce, and to provide that desertion, drunkenness, and conviction of felony should be grounds for dissolution of marriage. This Bill passed the Upper Chamber, and the second reading in the House of Representatives, but was included in “the slaughter of the innocents” at the end of the session. Mr. MacGregor was instrumental in securing the passing of the “Legitimation Act” of 1894. He afterwards resigned his seat in the Legislative Council.
In accordance with the Representation Act of 1900, the colony is divided into seventy-six European electorates: namely, seventy-two rural districts with one member each, and four city electorates with three members each. Of the city electorates Otago possesses one—Dunedin; and of the single electorates fourteen are situated within the boundaries of Otago. Of these, Caversham is the only city-suburb that has a member for itself. The other suburb that has a member for itself. The other suburbs of the city are included in the Dunedin triple electorate.
The representation of Otago in the Lower House was determined as follows at the last general election in 1902:
Dunedin City—Messrs H.D. Bedford, J.A. Millar, and J.G. Arnold
Caversham—Mr. T. K. Sidey
Port Chalmers—Mr. E. G. Allen
Oamaru—Hon. T. Y. Duncan
Mount Ida—Mr. A. L. Herdman
Waikouaiti—Mr. T. Mackenzie
Taieri—Mr. D. Reid, Junior
Bruce—Mr. James Allen
Clutha—Mr. J. W. Thomson
Tuapeka—Mr. J. Bennet
Wakatipu—Mr. W. Fraser
Mataura—Mr. R. McNab
Invercargill—Mr. J. H. Hanan
Awarua—Sir J. G. Ward
Wallace—Mr. J. C. Thomson
Of these the only new members are Messrs Herdman, Bedford, D. Reid, and J. C. Thomson.
The number of electors on the rolls at the election of 1899 was as follows:
It will be observed that in the city electorates, Dunedin and Caversham and in Invercargill, the women exceed the men. But over the great part of Otago, the comparatively unsettled state of the country and the character of the prevailing industries ensure the predominance of the male vote. There is not much doubt that the institution of female franchise has had two distinct effects upon the politics of the colony : the confirmation of the Liberal party in power and the steady growth of the prohibition vote during the last three years.
The allotment of members and division of the electorates is carried out by two permanent commissions, which fix jointly the number of districts for the two islands on a population basis. Up to the last general election the North Island had thirty electoral districts with thirty-four members; the South Island, with Stewart Island, had thirty-two distriets and thirty-six members. Between 1891 and 1896 the movement of population from South to North had reduced the number of South Island members from thirty-nine to thirty-six, and increased the North Island members from thirty-one to thirty-four. The general increase in population made it necessary in 1902 to arrange for six new single electorates, giving, with the four Maori electorates, a total of eighty members to the House of Representatives. With the exception of Civil Servants and contractors who receive from Government as much as £50 in any one year, all male electors are eligible for a seat in the Lower House. The salary of members is £300 a year, with certain deductions on account of absence, and an allowance for travelling expenses. It is thus possible for any man in the colony, however poor, to devote himself to a political life without finding poverty an insuperable bar to his ambition.
, M.A., Senior Member in the House of Representatives for the city of Dunedin, was born in Leeds, England, in August, 1877, and is the only son of Mr. Walter Scott Bedford, formerly a woolen merchant of Leeds, and latterly a tarilor of Dunedin. Up to the age of eight he attended a public school at the village of Morley, a few miles from Leeds, and in 1886 sailed with his parents for New Zealand. He continued his education at the public schools in Invercargill, and on reaching the sixth standard, left school to assist his father, who, after spending some years in the service of Messrs Herbert Haynes and Co., had established a tailoring business in Invercargill, on his own account. However, young Bedford soon decided to follow farming as his future calling, and with that end in view he spent a short time in farm work at Makarewa. He was afterwards blacksmithing at Thornbury, and, later on, obtained employment at the Southland Implement Works. During his engagement at these works he commenced to study, and matriculated after twelve months of close application. This success caused him to change his plans, and he determined to study for the legal profession. Two months later Mr. Bedford went with his parents to live in Wellington, and after devoting himself for twelve months to study there, he went to Auckland, where he kept ferms for two years at the University College. In 1899 he returned to Dunedin and graduated B.A. at the Otago University in the following year, where he also carried off the Macandrew Scholarship in political economy, and the University Senior Scholarship in political science. In 1901 he graduated M.A. with honours in the same subject. Mr. Bedford has been especially successful as a debater. In 1899 he gained the oratory prize at the Auckland University College, and has twice represented the Otago University in
was first returned to Parliament in 1893 as member for Port Chalmers, and for Dunedin City in 1896. He has since his first election been continuously in the House. On the 25th of November, 1902, he was returned as the second of the three Dunedin members. The first, Mr. H. D. Bedford, polled 10,088 votes Mr. Millar 9,350 and the third member, Mr J. F. Arnold, 8,393. Mr. Millar was born in Julinder, India, in 1855, educated in Edinburgh, Scotland, and brought up to a seafaring life. He settled in Dunedin in 1837, and subsequently became secretary of the Federated Seamen's Union and Maritime Labour council. In the session of 1903 Mr. Millar was elected Chairman of Committees for the House of Representatives; a position which is, in effect, that of Deputy-Speaker.
was first elected to the House of Representatives as one of the members for the city of Dunedin, in 1899, and was re-elected in 1902, as junior member, with 8,393 votes; a greater number than that secured by the senior member for any of the other cities. Mr. Arnold was born in St. Peter's Port,
, B.A., LLB., member of the House of Representatives for Caversham, is a son of Mr. John Sidey, who arrived in Otago by the ship “Blundell,” in 1848. He was born at Corstorphine, Caversham, in 1863; was educated at the Dunedin Boys' High School, and at the University of Otago, book his B.A. degree in 1884 and LL.B. in 1887, and was admitted a barrister and solicitor of the Supreme Court in 1889. Mr. Sidey served for some years as a member of the Caversham Borough Council, and filled the maytoral chair for three years. For ten years he was a member of the Caversham school committee, and for some years secretery to the Dunedin and Suburban School Committees' Conference, of which he has also been president. He is a member of the Council of the University of Otago, has served on the governing body of the Dunedin High School, is an ex-president of the Dunedin centre of the New Zealand Natives' Association, and was one of the first members of the Dunedin Drainage and Sewerage Board, having been returned third among twenty candidates. Mr. Sidey has taken a considerable interest in horticulture, and has been for many years a member of the Executive Committee of the Dunedin Horticultural Society, of which he was president for two years. As an Oddfellow of the Manchester Unity, he is attached to Ledge Loyal Caversham. He has also been for many years an active worker in the Presbyterian church and Sabbath school of his district, and was for some years clerk to the Sustentation Fund Committee of the Symod of the Presbyterian Church of Otago and Southland. Mr. Sidey contested the Caversham seat in the House of Representatives at the general election of 1896 as an independent candidate, and although he was defeated he obtained second place, having polled between eleven and twelve hundred votes. Early in 1898 he returned from a trip to the Old Country after being present at the Queen's Jubilee celebrations, and spending an enjoyable holiday in Great Britain and Ireland. Mr. Sidey visited Germany, France, Switzerland, and Italy in the course of his travels. In 1901 he again contested the Caversham seat at a by-election, and was returned. He was re-elected at the general election in 1902. In 1903 Mr. Sidey married a daughter of the late David Baxter, a Dunedin merchant.
, who represents Chalmers in the House of Representatives, was born in Somersetshire, England, and came in 1863 to New Zealdand from Tasmania, where he had resided for ten years. After a few years' residence in Canterbury. Mr. Allen became engaged in railway contracts; first, on the Wellington-Hutt railway, and subsequently, in partnership with Mr. Kingstreet. he constructed the railway between Waipukurau and Takapau. In 1875 the firm constructed the railway between Sawyer's Bay and the Purakanui tunnel. Since the compietion of that contract Mr. Allen has resided at Port Chalmers, and has devoted his energies to the development of the Port Chalmers stone trade. He holds large interests in the Port Chalmers quarries, and also carries on pastoral and agrioultural pursuits on his farm in the Dunback district. Mr. Allen has always taken an actve part in public affairs. He was elected Mayor of Port Chalmers in 1884, and held office continuously for ten years. In 1893
, B.A., M.H.R. J.P., member for the Bruce electorate, began his political career in 1887, when he defeated Sir Robert Stout, then Premier, for Dunedin East. In 1890 he stood for Dunedin city, in which his former electorate had been incorporated, but owing to the change in electoral divisons was defeated, though only by a narrow majority. In the following year, however, he was returned by Bruce, the representation of which had been resigned by Mr. Thomson, and since then he has continuously represented that district. Mr. Allen was born in South Australia in February, 1855, and was brought to New Zealand when he was two years of age. Four years later he was sent to England, where he was educated at private schools till 1869, and at Clifton College till 1874. At Clifton he gained a scholarship for natural science, and immediately afterwards entered Cambridge University, where he graduated B.A. in 1877. At the end of that year he sailed for Dunedi in the ship “Calypso,” and during the followig six years managed the property he was possessed of in the city and elsewhere. In 1884 he returned Home and spent the three subsequent years in studying at the Royal School of Mines, South Kensington, London, where he gained the Bessemer and De La Beche medals He has since turned this knowledge to practical account, as he is the largest shareholder in the Allandale coal company, and is extensively interested in gold mining. As a public man Mr. Allen has taken a keen interest in mining legislation, and education, and with respect to finance he is one of the keenest critics in the House of Representatives. He is also actively interested in literary work, as a frequent contributor to the daily papers upon current topics, and has written several pamphlets upon political problems; his latest production in this line being an instructive pamphlet upon the Cook Islands and neighbouring islands. He was a member of the Dunedin City Council for about two years, but resigned in 1884, when leaving for England. In earlier life Mr. Allen was a good all-round athlete. While at Cambridge he was an active oarsman and footballer, and he was captain of the Otago Football Club when, in the early eighties, it defeated New South the Canterbury team. He was at one time president of the Otago Rugby Union, and a member of the committee, and has been for many years president of the Albion Cricket Club. Mr. Allen is a churchwarden at All Saints', Dunedin. He was married, in 1877, to Miss Richards, of “Alford,” Somersetshire, England, and has three sons and three daughters.
represents the Southern Maori electorate in the House of Representatives. His biography is given on page 91 of the Canterbury volume of this work.
When the Constitution was first granted to the colony, the province of Otago sent two members to the House of Representatives; one for Dunedin and one for the country districts. The first city member was Mr. James Macandrew, whose public life has been described in other portions of this volume. The country members were Mr. John Cargill, the son, and Mr. W. H. Cutten, the son-in-law, of the founder of the settlement. In 1860 Sir F. D Bell first appeared as an Otago country member; and in 1861 Mr. Thomas Dick and Mr. E. McGlashan was son of Mr. John McGlashan, the original secretary of the Otago Settlement Association. He took an active share in the industrial and pastorla work of the young settlement, sat in the first two Provincial Councils, and, later, between 1871 and 1876, and represented Roslyn and other constituencies in the House of Representatives. Mr. Dick was in turn Provincial Secretary and Superintendent—1862–1867. He was returned for Dunedin in 1861, but retired from politics when member for Port Chalmers in 1866. He entered public life again in 1879, and was a member of the Hall and Whitaker minsistries till 1884. Another new member, elected in 1860, was Mr. T. B. Gillies, who became Postmaster-General in the Whitaker Ministry of 1864 and Colonial Treasurer in the Stafford Government of 1872, and was afterwards a Judge of the Supreme Court stationed at Auckland. Mr. C. H. Kettle, who had undertaken the original survey of the Otago Block, was elected to the House of Representatives in 1861, but died in 1862.
In 1864 Mr. E. B. Cargill, another son of Captain Cargill, was elected member for Bruce. He was Mayor of the city in its Jubilee year, 1898, and died in 1903. By this time (1864) Dunedin had been divided into two electorates. For Dunedin South the choice of the electors had fallen on Mr. W. H. Reynolds, and Mr. J. Paterson, the latter of whom became a member of the Stafford Administration in 1865. For Dunedin North the members were Sir John Richardson, who was a member of the Weld Government, and Mr. Julius Vogel. It is superfluous to dwell upon the public life of Julius Vogel, who first took ministerial office in the Fox ministry in 1869, and then identified himself with that policy of progress and expansion that long bore his name. He was a prime mover in the abolition of the provinces, became Agent-General in 1876, but returned to political life in 1884, and was a member of the Stout-Vogel Ministry till 1887, when he returned to England.
Between 1866 and 1868 Dunedin city was represented by Mr. James Paterson and Mr. W. H. Reynolds, while Roslyn elected Mr. G. Hepburn, and Caversham, Mr. A. J. Burns, a son of the Rev. Dr Burns. In 1871 Mr. Macandrew, who had previously sat for Clutha, was returned for Port Chalmers for Dunedin, Mr. Paterson's place was taken by Mr. John Bathgate, who was Commissioner of Customs in the Waterhouse ministry in 1872, afterwards Minister of Justice, and subsequently became District Court Judge for Dunedin. Caversham was represented by Mr. W. H. Tolmie, and Roslyn by Mr. E. McGlashan.
In 1876, the year of Abolition, Dunedin city was represented by Messrs W. J. M. Larnach, James Macandrew, and Robert Stout. Of Sir Robert Stout, it may be said, briefly, that he was Attorney-General in the Grey Ministry of 1879, retired from public life till 1884, and was Premier and Minister for Education in the Stout Vogel coalition, retired after his defeat in 1887, but again became a member of the House in 1890. He was appointed Chief Justice in 1899. In 1879 Dunedin returned Messrs T. Dick, R. Oliver, and W. D. Stewart, while Roslyn elected Mr. Richard Driver, and Caversham, Mr. Barron. In 1882 the four electorates into which Dunedin was then divided returned Messrs Thomas Bracken, T. Dick, H. S. Fish, and M. W. Green, while Mr. Barron retained the Caversham seat, and Mr. Bathgate replaced Mr. Driver at Rosln. In 1885 another change took place, Dunedin returning Messrs bradshaw, J. Gore, W. D. Stewart, and Stout for the four wards; but in 1887 Mr. Bracken, poet and journalist, took Mr. Bradshaw's seat for Dunedin Central.
In 1891 a further re-arrangement of the Dunedin electorate was made. The three city members were now Messrs H. S. Fish, William Hutchison, and David Pinkerton, while the suburbs were merged together and represented by Mr. Dawson. In 1894 Mr. Earnshaw replaced Mr. Fish for the city. Mr. Fish, it should be noted, had a long and active municipal career. He was chosen city councillor in 1868, and was a member of the Council for nearly thirty years. He was mayor of the city for three consecutive years, 1870–1873, again in 1879–1880, and again for two consecutive years in 1893 and 1894. In 1894 also, Mr. Morrison took his seat for Caversham. In 1897 the triple city electorate returned Messrs Fish, Scobie Mackenzie, and J. A. Millar. In 1900 the three city members were messrs Millar, Arnold, and A. R. Barclay, but the last named was superseded at the last election (November, 1902) by Mr. H. D. Bedford.
had one of the longest political records in Otago. He represented the town of Dunedin in the House of Representatives from 1854 to 1860; Bruce in 1865; Clutha from 1866 to 1870; Port Chalmers from 1871 to 1875; Dunedin city from 1876 to 1879; and Port Chalmers, again, from 1879 till 1886. Mr. Macandrew, who was born in Scotland, in the year 1819, died at Dunedin on the 24th of February, 1887. Death was due to injuries received, on the preceding day, through an accident which occurred while he was driving to his residece at Macandrew's Bay. Mr. Macandrew is further referred to as a former Superintendent of Otago, and an article about him appears on page 78 of the Wellington volume of this work.
, was born at Rothesay, Scotland, on the 17th of January, 1828, and was the eldest son of the late Mr. John Gillies. He was educated at the parish school, which he left for a lawyer's desk, but soon afterwards, deciding to abandon
was first elected for Dunedin to the House of Representatives in 1861. In 1886 he was elected for Port Chalmers. After the first session he resigned his seat, and it was not till 1879, at the general election for the seventh parliament of New Zealand, that he again appeared as a Dunedin representative. In that year he joined the Hall Administration, in which he held the portfolios of Colonial Secretary, Minister of Education, and Minister of Justice; and under Sir F. Whitaker's premiership he continued to hold these offices, with the added responsibilities of Postmaster-General and Commissioner of Telegraphs. In 1883 Major Atkinson became Premier, and Mr. Dick retained the portfolios of Colonial Secretary and Minister of Education. At the close of the session a re-arrangement of electorates was decided upon, and Mr. Dick stood for Dunedin West, when he was defeated, by a small majority, by the Hon. W. Downie Stewart. At the general election, in 1887, he was similarly defeated by the same gentleman. Mr. Dick is further referred to among the Superintendents of Otago.
was born in Edinburgh on the 12th of December, 1817, and obtained an excellent education and mercantile training. He emigrated to Adelaide in 1848, and, after visiting Melbourne, came to Otago in 1850. For a short time he held the position of registrar in the first Supreme Court in the settlement, but he subsequently leased from Mr. Valpy the first flour mill erected at the Water of Leith. In conjunction with the milling business he carried on a store and auction-room in Princes Street. Mr. McGlashan afterwards established another industry in the Leith Valley, that of the manufacture of paper. Politically, he was for nearly a score of years one of the most prominent men in the provincial district. He occupied a seat in the first and second Provincial Councils, but was defeated on seeking election for a new constituency in 1861, and did not recover his seat until 1871, but he held it from that time until the abolition of the provinces in 1876. Mr. McGlashan was first elected to the House of Representatives in 1861, and he represented the constituency of Roslyn from 1871 until the dissolution in 1876. He was defeated by Mr. Dick upon the only occasion on which he contested the Superintendency. Mr. McGlashan was twice married, and died at St. Clair, Dunedin, on the 31st of July, 1889.
who was first elected to the House of Representatives in 1861, occupied a seat in two Ministries. He was Postmaster-General and Commisioner of Customs in the Weld Administration of 1864–65, and was a member of the Executive Council, without portfolio, in the second Stafford Ministry, from August, 1866, to May, 1868, Sir John is further referred to as a Superintendent of the Province of Otago.
sat for Dunedin in the House of Representatives, from 1863 to 1883. In October, 1865, he joined the Stafford Administration as a member of the Executive Council, without portfolio, but in May, of the following year, he became Postmaster-General, and held the position for three months, when he resigned his offices. He was a member of the Legislative Council for fifteen years.
, who represented Dunedin in the House of Representatives from 1883 to 1876, and was afterwards member for Port Chalmers, held portfolios in four successive Governments. He was Commissioner of Customs in the Waterhouse, Fox, Vogel, and Pollen Administrations, and Colonial Secretary for three months in 1876. Mr. Reynolds was elected to the first Provincial Council of Otago, and remained continuously a member, up to the abolition of the provinces in 1876. He was a member of the Provincial Executive, and for four years Speaker of the Council. Mr. Reynolds was called to the Legislative Council in 1878, and is further referred to in that connection.
, a politician who was prominently identified with the colony's legislation, is specially remembered in connection with his immigration and publicd works policy. He was born in London in 1835, and received his education at the London University School. At the age of eighteen he emigrated to Victoria, where he engaged in journalism. In 1861 he arrived in Dunedin, bought a half share in the “Otago Witness,” started the first daily newspaper in the colony, “The Otago Daily Times, and became editor of both journals. Sir Julius entered politics as a member of the Otago Provincial Council, became head of the Executive in 1866, and retained that position for three years. He was elected to the House of Representatives for Dunedin in 1863, and six years later, in the Fox-Vogel Administration, he became Colonial Treasurer, Commissioner of Stamps, Postmaster-General, and Commissioner of Customs and Electric Telegraphs. In 1870 Sir Julius introduced his public works and immigration scheme, which was carried, and he visited England to arrange the necessary loans. He also succeeded in initiating the San Francisco mail service. In 1871 he returned to New Zealand, threw his whole energy into the administration of his legislation, which led to unprecedented prosperity and activity in the colony. Nevertheless, his Government was defeated in 1872, when the Stafford Administration came into power, but only to live for two months, when Sir Julius resumed the reins of and himself as Treasurer and Postmaster General; subsequently he was Premier and held other portfolios. At this time he established the Government Life Assurance Department
was a son of the Rev. Thomas Burns, D.D., whose memory is still revered in Otago. He was born in the parish manse of Monkton, Ayrshire, Scotland, in 1830, and was a grandson of Gilbert Burns, brother of the great Scottish poet. He was educated under his father, and at the Wallacetown Academy, and was afterwards apprenticed to the merchant service, and went to sea. His first voyage proved eventful, as the ship was attacked by pirates, and all hands had to fight for their lives; but relief came in the shape of a gale. Mr. Burns took part in the China war in 1845–46, when the merchant seaman assisted the bluejackets in the attack on Canton. When Dr Burns accepted the first colonial appointment of the Free Church of Scotland—namely, that of Otago—A. J. Durns emigrated with his father's family in the “Philip Laing,” in April, 1848, For some years he settled in the Taieri Plain, and was practically the founder of the town of Mosgiel. In 1856 he was elected to represent taieri in the Provincial Council, in which he held the portfolios of Lands and Works. Mr. Burns was elected in 1865 to represent Tokomairiro in the General As sembly, and in the following year he was returned for Caversham. In 1869 he resigned his seat to got to England to procure a plant for the establishment of a woollen factory at Mosgiel. He was re-elected to the House of Representatives in 1876. as member for Roslyn, but resigned again to assume the management of the Westport Coal Company, which owed much of its prosperity to his foresight and ability. Subsequently he retired, and took up his residence in Dunedin. Mr. Burns died on the 15th of September, 1901. His wife predeceased him by three years, and he left five sons and five daughters.
, who was born in Leslie, Fifeshire, Scotland, arrived in New Zealand by the ship “Poictiers” in 1850. In the following year he was appointed manager of Mr. James Macandrew's store in Dunedin. In 1859, in conjunction with the late Mr. James Paterson, he bought the business, which they carried on successfully for several years, when they sold out, and Mr. Hepburn went to reside at Halfway Bush. For a considerable period he represented Waikari in the Provincial Council, where he was Chairman of Committees. In 1868 he was elected to the House of Representatives as member for Roslyn. Mr. Hepburn took a deep interest in religious matters, and was an elder of First Church, in the Halfway Bush district, in 1851, and was session clerk for some years. He was also one of the session of Knox Church, from its establishment up to the time of his death.
, one of Otago's earliest settlers and best known men, represented the Taieri constituency in the House of Representatives from 1866 to 1878 He was born on the 16th of July, 1833, at Newton Farm, Strathtay, Perthshire, Scotland, and was educated at Buruns' Academy, Edinburgh, and at Daniel Stewart's endowed school, Strathtay. Mr. Reid sailed from London for New Zealand in October, 1848, in the ship “Marry,” and, after calling at the ports of Nelson, Taranaki, and Wellington, arrived at Port Chalmers on the 10th of April, 1849. In 1853, he bought and commenced to farm the land now occupied by the Benevolent Institution at Caversham; he also owned about 180 acres of swamp land adjoing—and which now forms the suburbs of St. Kilda and South Dunedin. Three years later Mr. Reid sold out of these lands, and in 1857 settled on the “Salisbury Farm” at Taieri, which he still occupies. On the outbreak of the gold diggings in 1861, he, in conjunction with his farm workers, took up a claim at Gabriel's Gully, which proved a very successful venture. Shortly afterwards he commenced carrying stores for the miners with teams of oxen, making one trip per week by way of Maungatua and Waipori, at a freight charge of £100 per ton for the first few trips. In the early days of the Colony Mr. Reid took an active part in all public matters, and served continuously on road boards, school committees, etc. In 1858 he was one of the wardens of the Taieri hundred. He was elected in 1863 one of the three members representing the Taieri district in the Otago provincial council, and in 1869 became provincial secretary and treasurer, and held these offices until the provinces were abolished in 1876. Mr. Reid also represented the Taieri constituency in the House of Representatives from 1866 to 1878, and was a prominent supporter of the Stafford administration. He took an active part in passing the land resolutions of 1866 in the provincial council, and assisted in carrying the “Land Act 1866” through the General Assembly. In 1871 Mr. Reid contested the superintendency of Otago with Mr. Macandrew, the then Superintendent, on the question of a more liberal land policy, but, owing to the preponderance of voting power in the cities, was defeated, the actual voting being: Macandrew, 3,242; Reid, 2,950. In 1872 Mr. Reid introduced and carried through the provincial council new land regulations providing for the first time for the sale of land in Otago on deferred payments, and carried the “Land Act 1872” through parliament. In the same year he held the portfolio of public works in Sir E. W. Stafford's administration. After the abolition of the provinces in 1876, Mr. Reid was Minister of Lands and Public Works in Sir H. Atkinson's government, and introduced and carried through parliament the first general land act, which consolidated into one statute the nine different provincial land laws and ordinances, and extended the system of deferred payments to Southland and Canterbury. Mr. Reid was one of the first members of the Otago harbour board, and took an active part in the deliberations of that body for many years, zealously promoting the scheme for deepening the Dunedin channel so that all vessels entering the port might come to the city wharves. His long and honourable political career was brought to a close in 1878 when he definitely retired from public life, and commenced the business of auctioneer and stock and station agent which has now developed into a large concern. He was married in 1854 to Frances, eldest daughter of Mr. John Barr, of Mavis Bank, but this lady died in 1868. He was again married in 1875 to Sarah Gordon, relict of the Rev. E. Price, formerly of New South Wales. Of the first marriage two sons and four daughters survive, and one daughter of the second marriage. His sons are Mr. Donald Reid, solicitor, and Mr. Charles S. Reid and Co., both of Dunedin.
was born at Fortrose, Scotland, in 1825, and sailed to New Zealand in the ship “Slains Castle,” which arrived in 1852. He removed to Invercargill, where he erected the first house, the frame-work of which was taken down by the ship “Star.” In 1858 he returned to London by the ship “Strathallan,” the first vessel that took a cargo direct from Port Chalmers to the Old Country. During this visit he did good service in promoting the cause of immigration. Mr. Birch commenced his public life as a
was born in the United States of America in 1831, and when a young man came to Victoria, and entered into business in Melbourne. He was attracted to Otago on the outbreak of the goldfields in 1861, and established himself as a merchant in Dunedin. Subsequently he accepted the position as manager in Dunedin of the New Zealand Loan and Mercantile Agency Company. Mr. Driver was prominently interested in agricultural matters, and among public works with which he was connected was the erection of the telegraph line from Dunedin to Port Chalmers—one of the first lines in the colony—for which he had the contract. Latterly he turned his attention to farming. He was always an enthusiastic supporter of the turf. and had been an active member and office-bearer of the Dunedin Jockey Club from its inception. Mr. Driver entered public life as a member of the first Dunedin City Council, and soon afterwards gained a seat in the Provincial Council, of which he was a member for several years. In 1869 he was elected to the House of Representatives as member for Roslyn, and re-elected for the same constituency in 1871, but resigned his seat in the same year. On the resignation of Mr. A. J. Burns, in 1878, as member for Roslyn, Mr. Driver again stood, and was returned, and at the general election in the following year he was again elected. On the dissolution of Parliament, in 1881, he stood for the Hokonui seat, and was returned, but at the general election in 1884, when he stood for the Bruce seat, he was defeated by the late Mr. Robert Gillies. Mr. Driver did not again seek election; the state of his health necessitating his partial retirment from public affairs. He died on the 23rd of January, 1893, at Maori Hill. Dunedin, and left a widow and a grown up family.
, who was elected in 1870 to represent Caversham in the House of Representatives, is a native of Rothesay, Bute, Scotland. He was born in 1824 and educated at the parish school at Rothesay. Mr. McIndoe was appointed in 1847 to succeed his father in the Otago Association. He took an active part in promoting the settlement, and is the only member of the Association now (1904) living. In 1859 he sailed in the ship “Alpine” for Dunedin. Shortly after landing he commenced business as a general merchant and auctioneer, but abandoned trade in 1861 for the goldfields, where he was one of the first to arrive after Mr. Gabriel Read. Three years later he returned to business life in Dunedin as a seed merchant, but retired in 1866 to attend to his duties in the Provincial Council, of which he was a member during the years 1866–69. Whilst in Parliament Mr. McIndoe was a strong supporter of Sir Julius Vogel's public works scheme, and he also took an active part in opposing the abolition of the provinces. He was married, in 1852, to Miss Elizabeth Gillies. a sister of the late Mr. Justice Gillies, and has two sons and one daughter. Mr. McIndoe has written many interesting papers on the early days of Otago, and in this way has made valuable contributions to history.
, who was elected to the House of Representatives for Dunedin City in 1871, was Minister of Justice and Commissioner of Stamps in the Waterhouse-Fox and Vogel Governments, and some time Commissioner of Customs. He is further referred to among former Legislative Councillors. Mr. Bathgate was a member of the Executive of the Otago Provincial Council, and was appointed district judge for Dunedin after his retirement from politics.
was born in 1825. and arrived in New Zealand in 1858. He represented Caversham in the Otago Provincial Council. and in 1871 was elected to the House of Representatives as member for the same district. Mr. Cantrell took an active part in the volunteer movement, was captain of the South District Rifles, and received a military funeral on his death in 1872. He left a family of six sons and two daughters.
represented Caversham in the House of Representatives from 1872 to 1875. He was also elected to the Otago Provincial Council for the Peninsula, and became a member of the Executive. In private life Mr. Tolmie was a well-known sheepfarmer. He had been ailing for some time before his death, and was, therefore, unable to attend to his parliamentary duties in Wellington. He died at his residence, Anderson's Bay, Dunedin, on Sunday, the 8th of August, 1875.
, who was elected to the House of Representatives for Dunedin in 1874, is elsewhere referred to in connection with the firm of Messrs Mason and Wales, architects, and as a former Mayor of Dunedin. He died on the 3rd of November, 1903.
, formerly a member of the House of Representatives for Dunedin city, was born in the Shetland Isles, where he received a good education, and at thirteen years of age he became a pupilteacher. In 1863, when eighteen years of age, he set out for New Zealand, and arrived in Dunedin early in the following year. For some time he was engaged in teaching, and then studied for the legal profession, In 1871, having been admitted a barrister and solicitor of the Supreme Court of New Zealand, he commenced an illustrious legal career. Sir Robert was elected to the Otago Provincial Council in 1873, and subsequently became Provincial Solicitor. In 1875 he entered the House of Representatives as member for Dunedin; in 1877 he accepted the portfolio of Attorney-General in Sir George Grey's Administration, and soon afterwards became Minister of Lands and Immigration. The Stout-Vogel Ministry, in whic Sir Robert was Premier, Attorney-General, and Minister of Education, held office from the 3rd of September, 1884, till the 8th of October, 1887. Sir Robert Stout's progressive legislation materially benefited the cause of education and the conditions of the working classes; few men have had a greater influence on the colony's welfare. In 1893 he was elected member for Inangahua, and having transferred his business from Dunedin to Wellington, was, in the end of the same year, elected senior member for Wellington. On the 22nd of June, 1899, he was appointed Chief Justice of New Zealand in succession to Sir James Prendergast. A
, C.M.G., was elected as a representative of the city of Dunedin to the House of Representatives in 1876, and on subsequent occasions he was returned for the Peninsula and the Tuapeka electorates. He was born in 1838, in New South Wales, where he acquired experiences in agriculture and in pastoral life, and afterwards devoted his attention to commerce and banking. In 1867 he arrived in Dunedin to take the colonial management of the Bank of Otago and its connections throughout New Zealand and Australia. Mr. Larnach was Colonial Treasurer, Minster for Public Works and Railways, and Commissioner of Stamps in Sir George Grey's Administration and Minister of Mines and Minister of Mines and Minister of Marine in the Stout-Vogel Government. His death occurred in 1898.
, one of the pioneer settlers who arrived by the “Philip Laing” in 1848, was born in Ayrshire, Scotland, in 1822 He settled at Portobello, and was a member of the Education Board and Road Board. Mr. Seaton entered public life as a member of the Otago Provincial Council in 1887, and was subsequently appointed immigration agent at Home, in conjunction with Mr. Thomas Birch. In 1875 he was elected to the House of Representatives as member for Caversham, and in 1881 he was returned for the Peninsula. Mr. Seaton was killed in Dunedin, through a buggy accident, in 1882.
, who was elected to the House of Representatives in 1878, was born in Penzance, Cornwall, England, on the 21st of February, 1830. He emigrated to New Zealand, and was long known in Dunedin as senior member of the firm of Oliver and Ulph. In 1878 he was returned to Parliament, and was Minister of Public Works in the Hall Ministry from October, 1879, to May, 1881. He was in the same Government, without portfolio, till April, 1882, when a reconstruction took place, and he was in the Whitaker Government as a member of the Executive Council till September, 1883. A second reconstruction was then made, when Mr. Oliver became Postmaster-General and Commissioner of Telegraphs, under Sir H. A. Atkinson; but retired with the rest of his colleagues, in August, 1884. Mr. Oliver was twice married; first at penzance, in 1858, to a daughter of Mr. William Purchase, and secondly, at penzance, in 1885, to a daughter of Mr. J. S. Courtney, and sister of the Right Hon. Leonard H. Courtney, M.P., Chairman of Committees in the House of Commons from 1886 till 1892. He was nominated to the Legislative Council in November, 1881.
, who represented the Caversham electorate in the House of Representatives during the years 1879–90, was born in St. Andrews, Scotland, in 1837. He was educated at Scottish parish and public schools, and afterwards trained to commercial life in Edinburgh. In January, 1861, he arrived in New Zealand, landing in Port Chalmers, and was for about eighteen months subsequently engaged in mining and store keeping on the Otago goldfields. He then entered into business in Dunedin as the senior partner, first in the firm of Messrs Barron and Campbell, and, later on, in the firm of Messrs Barron, Grant and Company, merchants and runholders. In 1874 he retired from active business life, and on his return from a voyage to England eighteen months later he bought and built upon a handsome homestead, known as “The Willows,” at Kew, Caversham, where he has since resided. Mr. Barron was a member of the Dunedin City Council in the early seventies. While in Parliament he took special interest in the improvement of the patent-laws, the abolition of plural voting, extension of polling hours, economy in adminstration, reduction of members, and repeal of the property tax. In politics he is an Independent Libaral; and has always contended for Freetrade and for the freehold title to land. He was one of the chief advocates of the Otago Central railway, was for several years chairman of the Executive Committee, and was associated with the late Mr. Vincent Pyke in defeating the opposition to the scheme. He is a Freemason of many years' standing, and has occupied the position of Grand Master of the New Zealand Grand Lodge of Freemasons. Mr. Barron was married, in 1870, to Miss Banks, of “Cheetwood,” Clutha, and has fire sons and six daughters.
was first elected to the House of Represenlatives in 1879, as member for Dunedin, and, subsequently, he represented Dunedin West for six years. He was called to the Legislative Council in 1891, and in that connection he is referred to in another article.
was elected in 1881 to represent Dunedin Central in the House of Representatives, but lost his seat at the election of 1884. Three years later he was again returned to the House. Mr. Bracken was born in Ireland, in 1843, and arrived in Victoria when he was twelve years of age. After experiencing the ups and downs of colonial life for several years he crossed over to Otago, where he connected himself shortly afterwards with journalism. He was associated with the “Otago Guardiam” in the first year or two of its existence, and subsequently founded a weekly paper. called “The Saturday Advertiser,” which he conducted with marked ability, and in which he had the Hon. John Bathgate as his financial partner. Mr. Bracken is best known as the author of several collections of verse, and published “Beyond the Tomb and Other Poeams.” “Pulpit Lectres,” “Flowers of the Freelands,” “Paddy Murphy's Budget,” “The New Zealand Tourist,” “Lays of the Lands of the Maori and Goa,” and “Musings in Maoriland.” He died in the Dunedin Hospital, of goitre, on the 6th of February, 1898.
represented South Dunedin during the years 1881–4 and 1887–90, was one of the members of the House of Representatives for the City of Dunedin in 1890–3, and was again returned in 1896. Mr. Fish was born in London in 1838, and until ten years of age, attended school at Uxbridge; he then went with his parents to South Australia, where the family remained till 1851. After a short experience on the Ovens diggings in Victoria, Mr. Fish, senior, went into business as a painter and paper-hanger in Melbourne, his son the subject of this notice, being his apprentice. It was in 1867 that Mr. Fish first became prominent in the politics of Dunedin; he was elected in that year a member of the City Council, in which he sat for a number of years, and was chief magistrate for the years 1870–1–2–3, and for 1893–4–5. During his entire career in connection with the council he was most active in promoting such matters as the widening of Princes Street south, and the acquisition of the water and gas works. Mr. Fish was also an active member of the provincial council of Otago, and of the Otago harbour board. In the Order of Oddfellows he took a keen interest, being provincial grand master in 1878. In Freemasonry he was a past master of Lodge Dunedin and provincial grand secretary, and afterwards deputy provincial grand master of the district. He was an active member of the old citizens' cricket club, and was vice-president of the Dunedin amateur boating club. Mr. Fish was married in 1868 to a daughter of the late Mr. John Carr, of Launceston, and died on the 23rd of September, 1897, leaving a widow, two sons and six daughters.
, who represented Dunedin East in the House of Representatives, and is worthy of being remembered for his persistent and successful efforts in lightening the burdens of juvenile and female workers. When quite a youth he entered the East India Company's service, and subsequently went to the Cape, where, under Sir Harry Smith, he took part in the
, who represented the City of Dunedin in the House of Representatives during the years 1884–7, was born in Liverpool, where he was educated at private schools. His father, Mr. Hugh Gore, emigrated with his family to Victoria in 1852, and the subject of this notice was engaged with his father on Government contracts, chiefly road construction and bridge building. He came to Otago in 1861 and settled in Dunedin, where he followed a similar business, and afterwards undertook building contracts. Mr. Gore entered the city council as member of South Ward in 1877, and was elected Mayor in 1881. Since the close of his year of office as mayor, he has continued to take part in the government of the city as a councillor. Mr. Gore was the chairman of the first licensing committee for High Ward, and was a member of the first South Ward committee. As a Freemason he belongs to the Otago Kilwinning Lodge, S.C., and holds office as Grand Master for New Zealand South District.
was elected in 1884 to the House of Representatives, of which he was a member for six years. He was also Mayor of Dunedin, and is further referred to in that connection.
, M.A., LL.D., who represented Dunedin Central in the House of Representatives from 1887 to 1890, was, during that period, the Whip of the Liberal party. On the expiration of his term he did not seek re-election. Dr. Fitchett, who was born at Grantham, Lincolnshire, England, in 1851, studied at the Melbourne and New Zealand Universities. He gained a Bowen prize in Dunedin in 1876, a senior scholarship in Latin in 1878, and one in Greak in the following year. In 1880 he took his M.A. degree, with first-class honours in political science, and gained the LL.D. degree in 1887. On being admitted to the bar in 1881 as a barrister and solicitor, he commenced practice in Dunedin, and was subsequently joined by Mr. Thornton, under the style of Fitchett and Thornton. This partnership was dissolved in 1894, upon Dr. Fitchett accepting the appointment of Parliamentary Draughtsman and Assistant-Crown Law Officer. He afterwards became Solicitor-General.
, who represented the Waikaia electorate in the House of Representatives during the years 1887–90, and sat for the constituency of Tuapeka from 1890 to 1893, was born in Aberdeen. He is a well known business man, having been managing director and general manager of the New Zealand Agricultural Company for fifteen years. Mr. Valentine is largely interested in station properties in Southland, and for several years conducted a stock and station agency business in the Gore district; this he relinquished for family reasons, removing to Dunedin in 1896. Commencing business as an auctioneer in the Central auction rooms In High Street, he soon found the premises too small, and removed to the commodious brick building afterwards occupied by him in Manse Street. Mr. Valentine retired from political life at the general election of 1893. Three years later, however, he contested Wallace against Mr. Gilfedder, the sitting member, and three other candidates. As a volunteer, Mr. Valentine was captain of the Gore Rifles and chief of the Otago staff, under Colonel Wales, during the St. Andrews' encampment so successfully carried out some years ago. Mr. Valentine is a lifefellow of the Royal Geographical Society, also of the Royal Colonial Institute, London Chamber of Commerce, and other important societies in the Old Country.
, J.P., who represented the suburbs of Dunedin in the House of Representatives for 1890–1893, was born in Aberdeen, Scotland, in January, 1852, and was educated at Montrose, whither his family had removed shortly after his birth. His father, after whom he was named, was brewer at the Devana Brewery. Aberdeen; the family subsequuently went to Bishop Middleham in Durham, England. There Mr. Dawson acquired the art of brewing under his father's tuition, and in 1892 went to Burton-on-Trent to study
, who was elected a member of the House of Representatives for the Peninsula at the general elections in December, 1890, and for the city of Dunedin in 1894, held a seat in the House for six years. He was born in Manchester, England, in 1852, displayed considerable ability at school, and was aftewards apprenticed to a firm and specially trained as an all-round mechanic. At the age of twenty-one he went to America, and two years later returned to England, but only to embark for New Zealand. Not being able to settle down, he visited Australia, and then went to America and England, but soon afterwards returned to Melbourne. In 1878 Mr. Earnshaw arrived in New Zealand and worked in the Addington workshops for two years. The 10 per cent reduction in the wages of Government employees caused him to leave in 1881 for Dunedin, where he was engaged as a brass finisher at Anderson and Morrison's, up to the time of his election to Parliament. Mr. Earnshaw is now (1904) developing his beach dredging property on Gillespie's Beach, South Westland.
was born in the parish of Bellie, Banffshire, Scotland, in 1820. He was educated in his native place and in Inverness, and chose journalism as his profession. Mr. Hutchison came out to Auckland in 1866-the year after the transfer of the seat of government to Wellington—under engagement with Messrs Creighton and Scales, proprietors of the “Southern Cross” newspaper. A few months after his arrival he was appointed to the editorship of the “Wanganui Chronicle,” which he conducted for about nine years. Mr. Hutchison first entered political life as representative of Wanganui in the Wellington provincial council, in the deliberations of which he took an active part for some years. He left Wanganui—of which he had been mayor—for Wellington, in 1874, and founded a daily paper called the “Tribune,” which he successfully conducted for four years, when he disposed of it to the late Mr. E. T. Gillon and others. During his residence in Wellington Mr. Hutchison became mayor of the city, and was returned to the House of Representatives in 1879 as member for that constituency, retaining the seat till 1882; in that year he was elected for Wellington South, for which he sat for two years. He removed to Dunedin in 1884, and engaged in his profession as a journalist. As one of the members for Dunedin City from 1890 to 1896 Mr. Hutchison will long be remembered; though defeated at the general election of 1896, he occupied a very creditable position on the poll, and, at the by-election in the following year, would probably have been elected but for the fact of a third party entering the contest. Mr. Hutchison was married on the 12th of August, 1846, to Miss Helen Aicheson, of Inverness, and has four daughters and four sons.
, who was a representative of the city of Dunedin for the six years, 1890 to 1896, is elsewhere referred to as a member of the Legislative Council.
, J.P., some time Member in the House of Representatives for Caversham, was born at Darvel, near Drum clog, in the parish of Loudoun, Ayrshire, Scotland, in 1846, He was instructed at the parish school till nine years of age, when he was set to work, and it then rested entirely with
himself to study and pick up knowledge at night shcools, which he did with great advantage to himself. In his earlier years he followed farming pursuits, subsequently going to Glasgow, where he worked for Messrs. Ramsay and Co., of Green Dyke Street—collecting and buying hides and skins—for some four years. He arrived at Port Chalmers in 1874 by the ship “Invercargill.” About a year after settling in Dunedin, he entered the service of the Walton Park Coal Company as salesman, and remained with that company till his resignation, which was accepted by the directors with regret on his return to Parliament in 1893. Mr. Morrison was a member of the Caversham Borough Council and School Committee; in connection with the Druid's order, he took a leading part after the order was established in Otago. Having graduated through every office in the Royal Oak Lodge, U.A.O.D., Mr. Morrison was sent on two occasions to Melbourne, as representative in the Grand Lodge of Australasia, before responsible government was granted to the order in Otago. Subsequently, in recognition of his services to the order, he was appointed the first district grand president. A resident of Caversham for over twenty years, and always willing to assist in any public movement for the welfare of the district, Mr. Morrison had long been recognised as a leader, and to this fact, and to the experience he had gained, chiefly in connection with the Druids' order, may be attributed his entry into the colonial political arena. Though not connected with any trades' union, Mr. Morrison took some part in the conflict of 1890, by personally going out on strike as an evidence of his sympathy with labour. When therefore the opportunity appeared, and he was urged to offer himself as a candidate for the Caversham electorate he assented, and was returned against Mr.
, sometime Senior Member of the House of Representatives for Dunedin City, was born in 1845 at Tain, Ross-shire, Scotland, and was educated at the Tain Royal Academy, and at the John Watson's Institution—a sort of Scotch Bluecoats' school—in Edinburgh. Mr. MacKenzie came out to the Colony of Victoria in 1861, and in the following year formed one of the first party that started with sheep, with the intention of crossing the continent to the Gulf of Carpentaria. Financial disaster, however, overtook the expedition, and resulted in its abandonment. He was then for nine years engaged in pastoral pursuits, chiefly as overseer on a station near Lake Hindmarsh, and afterwards became manager of an estate near Camperdown, in the western district of Victoria. Having been engaged to take over the management of a station, Mr. MacKenzie arrived in Otago in January, 1870, and five years later acquired the Kyeburn station, Maniototo. He was for many years prominent as a politician, his first appearance in public life being as a member of the Maniototo county council in 1882, of which he subsequently became chairman. Two years afterwards Mr. MacKenzie was returned to the House of Representatives for the constituency of Mount Ida, and was re-elected for the same seat in 1887 and 1890. He was defeated at the general election of 1893, owing to the Waihemo district, which had for some time been represented by the Hon. J. McKenzie, being joined to his electorate. Immediately afterwards he was again defeated at a by-election for Tuapeka. In 1896, however, Mr. MacKenzie was returned as senior member for Dunedin City, his majority being 1,641 above the second member; the total number of votes polled for him was over 7,800, the largest at any election in the Colony. Although liberal and individualistic in politics, he was classed with the so-called “Conservative” party. Mr. MacKenzie was engaged generally in journalism. He was married in 1876 to the only daughter of Sir Francis Dillon Bell, and left a family of three sons and two daughters, when he died on the 15th of September, 1901.
, J.P., who was returned to Parliament for Dunedin at the by-election in 1897—caused by the death of Mr. H. S. Fish—was born in Perth, Scotland, in 1832, educated at the old Guild School, Perth, and served an apprenticeship to the stationery and book binding business in his native city. Arriving in Melbourne in 1854, Mr. Sligo worked at his trade as a book binder and paper ruler, subsequently going to Ballarat, where he was at the time of the riots. For several years Mr. Sligo was engaged on the Victorian goldfields, and in 1863 arrived in Dunedin. After a short experience on the goldfields he settled in Dunedin, where after working at his trade for a time he established his present business in 1871. Mr. Sligo has long taken a leading part in connection with the Order of Oddfellows (Manchester Unity), and was for many years Corresponding Secretary for the Otago district. He has been almost continuously a member of school committees since the commencement of the present act, was eight years a member of the Dunedin Licensing Committee, and chairman for three years. In the Caledonian Society of which he is a director, Mr. Sligo filled all the offices during a number of years. he is likewise a director of several public companies, and has always been willing to assist any social or benevolent movement for the advancement of the interests of Dunedin. Further references to his business will be found in another part of this work.
, B.A., LL.B., was elected to the House of Representatives in 1899, and sat as a member for the city of Dunedin for three years. He is elsewhere referred to as a member of the legal profession.
, the first member elected to the House of Representatives for the Southern Maori electorate, was returned in 1868, and held his seat for two years.
was elected to the House of Representatives for the Southern Maori district in 1871, and sat as a member until 1878. He was again elected in 1881, and held his seat until 1884. A year later he was called to the Legislative Council, of which he is still a member.
represented the Southern Maori electorate in 1878 and 1880; his predecessor and successor was Mr. Hori K Taiaroa. Mr. Tainui belonged to the Ngaitchu tribe, and was a landed proprietor. His only son, Mr. Hoani Tainui, who inherited his property, resides at Arahura, Westland.
In so far as New Zealand is concerned, a foreign consul is an officer appointed by a foreign government to reside in this country, in order to give protection to such subjects of the government, or citizens of the state, by which he is appointed as may have commercial dealings here, and to keep his government informed concerning any matters relating to trade which may be of advantage for it to know. To these duties are sometimes added others with objects more directly political. In some cases consuls are subjects or citizens of the state by which they are appointed, but this is by no means an invariable rule. Persons are usually selected for the office from the mercantile class, and it commonly happens that they are engaged in commerce at the port where their official residence is fixed. For many years the late Mr. E. B. Cargill was consul in Dunedin for Italy and the Netherlands. The countries now represented by consuls in Dunedin are Belgium, Denmark, France, Germany, Italy, the Netherlands, Portugal, and the United States of America.
, J.P., Consul for Belgium, is a younger brother of His Honour Mr. Justice Denniston. In 1877, in conjunction with Mr. Francis Renshaw, he established the firm of Renshaw, Denniston and Co., merchants and commission agents, Dunedin. Three years later, on the retirement of his partner, he carried on the business solely, continuing till 1882, when it was absorbed in the firm of Neill and Company, Ltd., of which Mr. Denniston became managing director. This position he held for eleven years, when he disposed of his interest, and took a holiday trip round the world. On his return to the Colony in 1894, Mr. Denniston resumed business on his own account. He has been prominent as a member of the Chamber of Commerce for many years, having filled the office of president for two consecutive years (1887–8), and was subsequently in office for a second and third term of equal duration, thus occupying the chair for six years in all. Mr. Denniston was also a member of the City Council, representing South Ward, for which he was elected in 1897, and was Mayor of Dunedin on the occasion of the Royal Visit in 1901. He is a trustee of the Dunedin Savings Bank; has been president and is now vice-president of the Dunedin Athletic Club, and for two years he was president of the Dunedin Football Club. Mr. Denniston was married in 1878 to the eldest daughter of the Hon. W. H. Reynolds, M.L.C., and has five sons and one daughter. He is further referred to as a merchant, as a former member of the City Council, and as having been Mayor of Dunedin.
, who was appointed Vice-Consul for Denmark in October, 1903, in succession to Mr. William Holsted, is of Danish extraction. His father, Mr. Carl Moller, was one of the earliest Danish arrivals in Otago, and is well known as the founder of the firm of Messrs C. Moller and Sons, jewellery manufacturers, of the Octagon. Mr. O. H. Moller was born in Dunedin in May, 1868, and was educated at public schools and the Otago Boys' High School. He afterwards applied himself to the manufacture of jewellery in the firm of Messrs C. Moller and Sons, and many years later, in 1899, when his father retired, he entered into partnership with a younger brother, the two having since conducted the business under the original style. Mr. Moller was for many years a prominent member of the Otago Cycling Club, in which he held office as treasurer, secretary and vice-president. He took a high place in Freemasonry, and is Past Master of the Lodge Kilwinning, 417 S.C, Mr. Moller was a director of the Caledonian Society for four years, a member of the Albany Street school committee for two years, and secretary of the Union Street school committee for a similar period. He was married in 1896, and has two children.
, Consul for France at Dunedin, comes from the north of Ireland, having been born in Belfast in 1842. He was educated at Mr. Hutton's private school in his birthplace, and received an early training in banking and mercantile pursuits in that part of Ireland, which has furnished so many brilliant business men, previous to coming out to the Colonies in 1859. On arrival, Mr. Neill joined the firm of Messrs. McCallum, Neill and Co., of Melbourne and Geelong, and in 1863 crossed over to Dunedin, New Zealand, as resident partner of that firm. Three years later he joined Messrs. James Henty and Co., of Melbourne, and extended that firm's business with considerable profit to New Zealand. He subsequently, when still a young man, bought out Messrs. Henty and Co., and established the well-known firm of Messrs. Neill and Co., which was incorporated as a limited company
, J.P., German Consul at Dunedin, has long been well known in New Zealand as one of the most active and energetic men in the colony. He was born in 1835 and educated in Germany, and, on completing his course at school, he went to England, where he spent five years in a large shipping house in Manchester. At the age of twenty-two Mr. Hallenstein came out to Victoria, where he remained till 1863, when he crossed the Tasman Sea and took up his residence in Invercargill. A year later he removed to Queenstown—then a very prosperous township—and established himself in business. In 1866, in conjunction with his partner, the late Mr. J. W. Robertson, he built the first flour mill in the district at Kawarau, the outlet of Lake Wakatipu. This mill was named the Brunswick Flourmill, after Mr. Hallenstein's and his partner's birthplaces—Brunswick in Germany, and Brunswick in Canada, respectively. After ten years, during which time Mr. Hallenstein engaged largely and successfully in farming operations, he removed to Dunedin, which he has since made his home. During his residence in the Lakes district he took a prominent part in local and colonial politics; he was several times Mayor of Queenstown, and represented his district in the Otago Provincial Council, and in the House of Representatives. He resigned his seat in the House before leaving in 1874, but continued a member of the Council till the abolition of the provinces in 1876. On coming to Dunedin, Mr. Hallenstein actively engaged in the foundation and development of that splendid colonial industry, the New Zealand Clothing Factory, of which he is the managing partner. His brothers, who reside in London, are also interested in the firm. Mr. Hallenstein is also Chairman of Directors of the Drapery and General Importing Company of New Zealand Limited, better known as the D.I.C., which was established in 1884. He was also a director of Kempthorne, Prosser and Co.'s New Zealand Drug Company, of the National Insurance Company, of the Westport Coal Company, and several other companies. Mr. Hallenstein, in May, 1903, returned to Dunedin from a trip to the Home country, for which he left in 1900. He went with some members of his family, via Japan and the United States, staying about five weeks in Japan and six weeks in the States. Mr. Hallenstein thinks Japan is very much ahead in industrial pursuits. A great many young Japanese have for some time been going to Europe to study Western affairs in the Universities of the various European capitals, and he is of opinion that Japan will be heard of ere long. Before going Home he resigned his seat on the Board of Directors of Kempthorne, Prosser and Company, the National Insurance Company, the Westport Coal Company, and all other directorates in which he was interested, keeping only the office of German Consul. He was requested to retain his office as director of several boards, but thought it better to resign. On the way to San Francisco he met with a serious accident, but soon recovered. However, finding that his spine was affected, he went to Berlin to the Foreign Office to resign; but the German Imperial authorities asked him to withdraw his resignation, and he was prevailed upon to continue as consul. During his absence Mr. Willi Fels was acting consul. Mr. Hallenstein, who is generally respected by all who know him, has held the Commission of the Peace for about thirty years, and succeeded to the position of German Consul on the death of Mr. Houghton.
, Acting Consular Agent for Italy, in Dunedin, was born in Wellington in 1847, and is a son of the late Hon. Henry William Petre, who was the second son of the eleventh Baron Petre, of Essex, England, and chairman of the original New Zealand Company. The subject of this sketch was educated at several distinguished Catholic colleges in England, and at Monsigneur Haprague's College, at Boulogne, France; and when a had spent some time in the Royal Navy. He was afterwards apprenticed to Messrs Samuda Brothers, naval architects and shipbuilders, of Millwall, London, and two years later, to Messrs Cubitt and Nichols, architects, of Grey's Inn Road, London. He completed his preparatory studies for his profession by a three years' course in architecture and engineering, and subsequently engaged in private practice in London. In 1872 Mr. Petre sailed for New Zealand, and has since occupied a prominent place amongst colonial architects. A full account of his professional work is given elsewhere in this volume. He was married, in 1881, to Miss Margaret Cargill, eldest daughter of the late Mr. E. B. Cargill, of Dunedin, and has six sons and six daughters. His eldest son served throughout the South African war as a member of the Imperial Light Horse, and is at present (1904) in the Capetown Rifles.
, who was appointed Acting-Consul for the Netherlands in September, 1903, is the eldest son of Mr. John Macfarlane Ritchie, J. P., General Manager for the colonies of the National Mortgage and Agency Company of New Zealand, Limited. He was born in Dunedin in October, 1876, and completed his education at Loretto school, Edinburgh, where he spent five years. In 1896 he returned to Dunedin, and in January of the following year entered the service of the National Mortgage and Agency Company of New Zealand, Limited. Mr. Ritchie is a member of the Carisbrook Cricket Club, of the Otago Golf Club, and the Dunedin Club, and is a subaltern in the B Battery of the New Zealand Field Artillery.
, who was appointed Vice-Consul for Portugal in 1900, is a partner in the firm of Messrs James Rattray and Son, founded by his father, Mr. James Rattray, J.P. He was born in July, 1863, and educated at Otago Boys' High School, and at Christ's College, Christchurch. In 1880 he entered the office of his father's firm, and became a partner seven years later. Mr. Rattray has been for many years a member of the Dunedin Chamber of Commerce, of which he was recently president, and is a member of the Otago Central Railway League, the Catlins River Railway League, and of the Dunedin Pastoralists' Association. As a footballer and cricketer, he has represented the province in both games. In 1896 Mr. Rattray married a daughter of Mr. P. C. Neill, of Dunedin, and has one son and two daughers.
, Consular Agent in Otago for the United States of America and the Hawaiian Islands, was born in Devonshire, England, in 1849, and was educated at the Tavistock Grammar School and by private tutors. Mr. Bridgeman commenced his banking career as a junior in 1867 in the West of England and South Wales District Bank, at Bristol. He joined the Oriental Bank Corporation, London in 1870, and went out to the East in 1873, serving eleven years in India and Ceylon. On the failure of the Oriental Bank, Mr. Bridgeman joined the Colonial Bank of New Zealand, taking up his duties in Dunedin in 1884 as assistant inspector. He was afterwards manager of the branch at Timaru, and left the service in 1888, having accepted the position of general manager of the Kauri Timber Company in Auckland. Five years later, Mr. Bridgeman joined the Bank of New Zealand as agent in Tauranga, and was transferred in 1895 to Dunedin as assistant manager. In 1899 he joined the well known mercantile firm of Neill and Co., Limited, and is now one of its managing directors. Mr. Bridgeman was married in 1886 to a daughter of Mr. P. C. Neill, of Dunedin, and has five sons and one daughter.
, sometime Consul in Otago for the United States of America and the Hawaiian Islands, was born and educated in Belfast, Ireland, was the fifth son of the late Mr. Robert Neill, merchant, of that city, and arrived in Victoria in 1866. After a few months in that colony, he joined his brother, Mr. P. C. Neill, in Dunedin, and was with his firm, McCallum, Neill and Co., for several years. Having thus gained a knowedge of mercantile life, he entered into business as a general merchant in 1877, and became well known in that capacity. He was appointed consul for the United States and the Hawaiian Islands in 1895. Mr. Neill was married in 1875 to a daughter of the late Sir Francis Murphy, of Melbourne, and had three sons and two daughter. He was killed in a coach accident, near Roxburgh, on the 16th of April, 1900.
The survey of the city of Dunedin was made in 1846 by Mr. Charles Henry Kettle, under directions from the New Zealand Company. Two years later the Pilgrim Fathers began to arrive, and settled on the site. The provincial system of government was inaugurated in 1852. In due course the Provincial Council passed “The Dunedin Town Board Ordinance, 1855,” and the first local body, consisting of nine members, held its first meeting on the 27th of August of that year. The Town Board centinued to act till 1865, when the Provincial Council, considering that some better system of local self-government could be devised, passed “The Dunedin Town Board Dissolution Ordinance. 1865,” vesting the management of the city in three commissioners, to be appointed by the Superintendent. At the last meeting of the Town Board, which was held on the 19th of April, 1865, a resolution was placed on record protesting against this Ordinance; it nevertheless became law, and the Town Board accordingly ceased to exist. The Superintendent of the province, on the 17th of April, 1865, appointed Messrs J. Bathgate, R. Martin, and J. M. Balfour the first commissioners, but these gentlemen held office for eight days only, and resigned before the end of April. Evidently they were not comfortable, to say the least of it, and they complained of lukewarmness on the part of the Provincial Executive in giving them the needful support. The second commissioners, Messrs R. H. Forman, J. Grey, and H. Bastings, were appointed on the 4th of May, 1865, and the first two held office until the 31st of July of the same years, Mr. Bastings having resigned on the 19th of May, and been succeeded by Mr. E. Chalmers. Meanwhile the Provincial Council had passed “The Otago Municipal Corporation Ordinance, 1865,” constituting the city of Dunedin a corporation under the style and title of “The Corporation of the city of Dunedin.” The first election for the mayoralty took place on the 21st of July, 1865, and Mr. William Mason was elected to the position. The first council was elected on the 1st of August following, and held its first meeting on the 5th of the same month. The original Ordinance of the Provinical Council in 1865 was superseded by “The Municipal Corporations Act, 1876,” passed by the General Assembly, and this in turn by the “Municipal Corporations Act, 1886,” under which and its subsequent amendments the government of the city is now carried on, under the style of “The Borough of the City of Dunedin.”
The Dunedin City Corporation holds all lands set aside under the terms of purchase from the New Zealand Company, which were originally vested in the Superintendent of the province of Otago, in trust for purposes of public utility to the town of Dunedin and its inhabitants. These lands became vested in the corporation by “The Abolition of the Provinces Act, 1875.” Lands and properties, such as water and gas works, and tramways, acquired by purchase, are also vested in the corporation.
The city of Dunedin is divided into four wards—South, High, Bell, and Leith—each of which returns three members to the City Council. For the purpose of managing the business, the Council has appointed seven committees: (1) Reserves; (2) General (including Baths and Sanitary, Legislative and Market, Fire Brigade, and Vehicles); (3) Public Works; (4) Gas; (5) Water; (6) Finance; (7) Tramways. These committees meet each alternate week on suitable days.
In 1875, as from the 1st of January, 1876, the Council acquired the City Gas Works, erected by the Dunedin Gas and Coke Company, Ltd., together with all mains, services and plant. Since that time the corporation has manufactured and supplied gas for the city. Five years after acquiring the gas works, the Council undertook to supply the borough of North-East Valley with gas, and in 1886 the borough of South Dunedin, and both undertakings have been satisfactorily carried out. The Dunedin Corporation Gas Works, which are situated at South Dunedin, were purchased at a cost of about £50,000, but this has been increased by subsequent outlay to £130,000. Including the pipes through the suburban boroughs, there are thirty-five miles of mains laid from these works. The land on which the Gas Works are erected consists of seven acres of freehold, and rather more than an acre of leaschold. Two five-horse power beam steam engines and two seven-horse power boilers are used alternately, for working the “exhaust” in connection with the plant. In the retort house there are seven “through” benches, with seventy retorts for making gas, while the purifying house contains four purifiers, each twenty feet square. The meter and valve room contains a 30,000 per hour meter, with inlet and outlet valves there being three governors in the governor house for regulating the pressure of gas in town. The horizontal condenser consists of sixteen tiens of nine-inch pipes on an ornamental base. There is a very complete laboratory, the plant including appliances for testing the five hundredth part of a ton on Evans's
Water was originally supplied in the city by the Dunedin Water Company. The whole of the property of this company, together with the rights and privileges conferred on it under its Act of Incorporation, was acquired by the corporation in 1874, and since then other lands connected with the supply have been purchased for water works purposes. Acting under “The Dunedin Water Supply Extension Act, 1875,” and the Amending Act of 1878, the Council impounded the waters of the Silverstream and its tributaries, and acquired certain lands by purchase and exchange in continguity to these streams. Dunedin is now supplied with water from two sources, known respectively as the northern and southern supply. The northern supply is obtained from a creek named Ross Creek, with a watershed of about 1,000 acres. The works are situated one mile and a quarter from the city boundary, and comprise: a main reservoir (holding 51,000,000 gallons), a settling reservoir (6,000,000 gallons), a stone sterm-water channel (19 chains in length), stone valve tower (with inlet and outlet pipes, screens, etc.), and a keeper's house. The dams are constructed of earthwork, with a puddle trench in the centre. The following figures give some idea of the dimensions of the varius parts of the works: Top length of dam to main reservoir, 363 feet; top width, 12 feet; inside slope, 3 to 1, pitched; outside slope, 2 to 1, turfed; greatest depth of water, 48 feet; bywash of stone, 20 feet wide and 4 feet 6 inches deep; working level of water, 372 feet above the lowest point in the city. The outlet pipes from the valve tower are laid under an embankment of stone pillars. The water is conveyed into Dunedin by 12-inch cast iron pipes track, and also providing convenient access to the reservoir. The pipes will deliver at the town boundary 4,000,000 gallons in the twenty-four hours without pressure. The total cost of the works to the corporation has been £139,350, which was largely increased in consequence of the city having to purchase from a company which had constructed the works. The southern supply is obtained from the Silverstream, and its tributaries, the watershed being about 12,000 acres in extent. The works are situated about three miles from the city boundary, and comprise: a main reservoir (holding 23,000,000 gallons), a cast iron stand pipe for valve (with inlet and outlet pipes, screen, etc.), a storm-water channel, and keeper's house, similar to that at the northern supply, and the dam is constructed of earthwork with a puddle trench. The following are some of the measurements: Top length of dam, 402 feet; top width, 12 feet; inside slope, 3 to 1, pitched; outside slope, 2 to 1, turfed; greatest depth of water, 43 feet; bywash of stone, 8 feet wide and 3 feet deep; working level of water, 422 feet above the lowest part of the city, and 50 feet above the level of the north reservoir (Ross's Creek supply). The reservoir is supplied by an open channel or race about twenty miles long (depth 3 feet bottom; width, 2 feet 6 inches). The fall varies from 4 feet to 2 feet 6 inches per mile. The race is cut in the sides of the hills, and follows their contour with brick tunnels, 5 or 6 chains long, through the short spurs. Along the race there is a level bench 5 feet wide on the outer side, which serves as a means of communication. The creeks are crossed with stone culverts or wood flumings on stone piers, and are intercepted by a dam and inlet gate to a short subsidiary race leading to the main race. At the Silverstream Head there is a concrete dam and inlet gate, the flood waters flowing over the crest of the dam. The water from the reservoir is conveyed for three miles by an 18 inch cast iron pipe under the embankment, cased in concrete. Thence for a distance of about a mile the pipes have a heavy fall, and are 14 inches in diameter. Thence, again, to the city boundary the pipes have a less gradient, and are laid in two branches, supplying different parts of the city and suburbs. The branch for the high levels is 14 inches in diameter, and for the low levels 12 inches in diameter. The two pipes will deliver at the city boundary 5,750,000 gallons in the twenty-four hours without pressure. There being a great variation in the levels of the city, the pressure in the pipes during working hours varies from 10lbs to 130lbs, according to the altitude. The total cost, including purchase of land, and large compensation for water rights and interference with coal mining lands, has been £82,000.
In 1872, the Dunedin City Council was empowered to set aside a certain portion of the Town Belt at the north-east of the town as a Public Cemetery. Accordingly the Northern Cemetery was surveyed and opened for interments in that years, and this, together with the General Cemetery at the southern end of Dunedin, is under the control of the corporation.
This building was completed and handed over to the city authorities in 1903. It is situated at the Southern Cemetery, looks like a small chapel, 30 feet by 26 feet, and consists of four apartments—a waiting room, post mortem room, a coroner's room, and a special room for the reception of bodies. The coroner's room, in which inquests are held, is 17 feet by 13 feet; the post mortem room is the same size, and a special room for placing bodies is 7 feet by 7 feet. The coroner's and post mortem rooms are connected by a glazed sliding door, which, in the case of a body being in an advanced state of decompositon, can be kept closed, and yet the jury be in a position to view the subject. The post mortem room is entered by a separate door leading from without, and is connected with the special room, in order that when a post mortem is necessary bodies may be carried into it. It has cement and concrete flocrs, and, with a plentiful water supply, can be flushed out whenever required, so that a perfect sanitary state exists. In the centre of the post mortem room there is a revolving dissecting table. There are stretchers at the side of the room for bodies, and it is provided with desks, sinks, basins, healing
The city of Dunedin, including the Town Belt and reclamations, has an estimated area of 1,800 acres; number of dwellings 4,983, rateable properties 6,021, owned by 2,762 ratepayers. The annual or renting value for rating purposes is assessed at £279,173. A general rate of 1s 3d, together with a special rate of 9d (or 2s in the £ in all) is levied on all rateable property within the city. Of the fifty miles of stree's in Dunedin, thirty miles are formed, metalled, and finished with kerbed asphalted footpaths, and ten miles are unformed or only partially formed and completed.
The surface drainage is controlled by the City Council, but otherwise in this connection the Dunedin Drainage and Sewerage Board exercises authority.
The house refuse is collected without cost to the householder. Some premises are visited daily, others twice a week, the cost of the contract being about £1,080 per annum. The refuse from the streets is made available for filling up reserves to the streerts' levels, and also on sections that require making up to the same height.
The foundation stone of this building was laid in 1878; two years later it was ready for occupation, and since that time it has admirably served its purposes. From the balcony, which surrounds the top of the tower above the clock, one obtains complete panoramic views of the city, its suburbs, the harbour, and general surroundings. To the top of the flagpole from the basement of the building the height is 165 feet. There are five fine bells connected with the clock, the largest being used to toll the hour, and it and the others give the beautiful Westminster chimes, which mark the time as each quarter of an hour passes away. Every Tuesday at noon the mean New Zealand time is flashed from Wellington Observatory to the Town Hall, and the clock proves itself absolutely correct as a timekeeper. The clock, which was erected in 1880 by Mr. John Hislop, has four dials, each seven feet six inches in diameter, which are automatically illuminated by gas every night. Immediately below the tower, on the upper floor of the building, is the entrance to the Mayor's apartments, which consist of waiting, reception, and private rooms, with a door leading into the Council Chamber. This fine apartment, which is about 40 feet by 60 feet, contains the Mayor's chair, with its imposing canopy, four carved desks, with luxurious seats, each accommodating three councillors, a fine, central, oval table for the town clerk's use, and a reporter's table. The walls are decorated with a number of pictures. One is a painting of Sir William Chambers, of Edinburgh (one of the original proprietors of “Chambers's Journal”), presented to the city by Sir William himself as a memento of his having suggested the name of “Dunedin” as preferable to “New Edinburgh.” Another represents the late Mr. George Rennie, M. P. for Ipswich, who, in 1842, drew up the scheme for the settlement of Otago, and was presented by his son, Sir Richard Rennie, on the 23rd of March, 1897, at the instance of Dr. Hocken. There are, also, pictures of Captain Cargill and the Rev. Dr. Burns, and an interesting representation of the city in 1856, which was presented by the late Mr. J. T. Thomson, Surveyor-General. On this floor also there are two private rooms formely used for an art gallery (now unused), besides lavatories. Communication with the lower floor of the building is by two spacious stairways, terminating in the main entrance hall. This flat is entirely occupied by departmental offices, the southern wing being used by the town clerk and his staff of assistants—the public office is particularly large; while the northern wing contains offices for the city engineer and staff, city valuer, inspector of nuisances, gas inspector, and other officials. The large corridor is used as a showroom for gas ovens and stoves. At some future date, when funds are available, the yard behind the Town Hall will be occupied by a large building, of which the offices now erected are but a first instalment.
The City Council, elected in April, 1903, consists of the Mayor, Mr. Thomas Scott, and three Councillors for each of the four wards: Henry Crust, James Gore, and R. G. Macdonald, South Ward; Joseph Braithwaite, John Loudon, and James H. Walker, High Ward; Thomas R Christie, Edwin A. Tapper, and Patrick Hally, Bell Ward; George Lawrence, John Barnes, and John McDonald, Leith Ward.
The officers of the Council are: Messrs Thomas B. Fairbairn, Town Clerk, Treasurer, and Returning Officer for the city; John Jacobs, Assistant Town Clerk; J. R. Morris, Valuer; R. S. Allan, Engineer and Surveyor; W. D. Snowball, M.R.C.V.S., Inspector of Abattoirs; H. B. Courtis, Gas Engineer, and Thomas Dow, Inspector; Gas Department; R. Donaldson and John Barron, Inspectors of Nuisances; J. W. Davys, Water Inspector; and H. G. Mitchell, Captain of the Fire Brigade.
, made his first appearance in public life about fifteen years ago, when he was elected to a seat in the Mornington Borough Council, of which he continued to be a member for eight years, during two of which he was Mayor. In 1896 he took up his residence within the city boundary, and about three years later was elected to fill the vacanoy caused in the City Council, by Mr. R. Chisholm's election as Mayor. His election upon that occasion was followed by three and a half years of municipal service, and in April, 1903, he was elected Mayor of Dunedin with a majority vote of nearly 2,000. Mr. Scott was born in the village of Glasford, about sixteen miles from Glasgow, in 1854, and arrived in New Zealand by the ship “Aboukir,” at the age of ten. He gained some instruction at private schools before leaving the Old Country, and completed his education in the public schools at Milton, Otago and at Nelson. He then served an apprenticeship as a carpenter at Nelson, and subsequently spent three years on the goldfields at Reefton, on the West Coast. For some years after arriving in Dunedin he was employed in the building trade, and early in the nineties he entered into partnership with Mr. Wilson, under the title of Messrs Scott and Wilson venetian blind and revolving shutter manufacturers. This business has proved eminently successful, and has grown to considerable dimensions. Mr. Scott, however, does not now take an active part in the management, but devotes his entire time and attention to the duties of his position as Mayor of the city. Mr. Scott was married in February, 1879, to Miss Mason, of Dunedin, and has two daughters and one son.
, who has represented South Ward in the Dunedin City Council since 1898, was born at Wainfleet, Lincolnshire, England, in 1847; and in 1851 accompanied his parents to Victoria, Australia. In 1862 Mr. Crust came to New Zealand, and for some years was engaged in stock-riding and station work in the South Island. On setting in Dunedin in 1867, he with Mr. Duncan Campbell, established a carrying and forwarding agency. On Mr. Campbell's death, Mr. Crust continued the business, steadily increasing and developing it, adding to it a Customshouse Agency, Commercial Travellers' Sample Rooms, and a Tourists' Baggage Agency; and now, under the title of Crust and Crust, it is one of the finest and most popular business of its kind in the Southern Hemisphere. Three years ago (written in 1903) Mr. Crust's firm
, who sits in the Dunedin City Council as a representative of South Ward, has served the town as Mayor and Councillor for many years. Mr. Gore has been a member of the Charitable Aid Board, and has served on the Drainage Board since its inception. He is referred to elsewhere as having been Mayor, and as a former member of Parliament.
was returned, unopposed, to the Dunedin City Council on the 25th of November, 1903, to fill the vacancy caused by the death of Mr. John Carroll. Councillor Macdonald is further referred to in the Medical Section of this volume.
, one of the representatives for High Ward in the Dunedin City Council, is an active member of that body, to which he was elected in 1901, and re-elected in 1903. Mr. Braithwaite has been a member of the Anglican Synod for about thirteen years, and of the Domain Board for three years. He is well known in business circles in the city, and is elsewhere referred to in this volume.
, who was elected a member of the Dunedin City Council, for High Ward, in April, 1903, was born in Victoria in 1863. He was educated at private schools in his native place, and coming to Otago when a boy, completed his education at Anderson's Bay Grammer School, under Mr. William Bruce Mackay. After being about ten years in the Government railway audit department, he entered the employment of the Farmers' Agency Company, as accountant, and in 1893, in partnership with Mr. William Turnbull, bought the business. Mr. Loudon is a director of the Waipori Falls Electric Power Company, Limited, and is interested also in several other businesses in the city. He is a member of the Otago Agricultural and Pastoral Association, of the Dunedin Chamber of Commerce, and honorary tneasurer of the Otago Club, and of the Otago Club Company, Limited.
, who was elected a member of the Dunedin City Council in April, 1903, is the fourth son of the late Mr. Thomas Walker who was for over thirty years foreman shipwright, in Dunedin, for the Union Steam Ship Company. He was born in 1863 in Dunedin, was educated at the Union Street public school, and was afterwards apprenticed to the plumbing trade. Subsequently he carried on business in partnership with Mr. R. Scott for about two years, and in 1885 he entered into partnership with a younger brother, the two having since conducted business, under the style of Messrs Walker Brothers, in St. Andrew Street, Dunedin. Mr. Walker was the secretary and treasurer of the first free reading-room in Dunedin. He has been a member of the St. Andrew's Preshyterian Church for about twelve years, and of the High Street public school committee for six years, and is at present its chairman. Mr. Walker was married in December, 1892 to Miss Blakely, of Dunedin, and has four children.
, has been a member of the Dunedin City Council—on which he represents Bell Ward—since 1899. He was born in April, 1861, in Perthshire, Scotland, educated at the Dollar Academy in Clackmannanshire, and served an apprenticeship as a plumber. In 1880 he sailed in the ship, “Dunedin” for New Zealand Shortly after landing in Dunedin he entered into partnership with his brother, under the style of Messrs J. and T. Christie, sanitary engineers, general plumbers and manufacturers. Mr. Christie is a member of the Worshipful Company of Plumbers of London, is president of the National Association of Master Plumbers of New Zealand, and represents the Dunedin City Council on the Technical Classes' Association. He is also a trustee of the Dunedin Savings Bank.
, who has represented Bell Ward on the Dunedin City Council since April, 1901, is one of the most active members of that important body. During 1901–2 he was a member of the Finance, Reserve, and Water Committees; during 1902–3 a member of the Finance, Water Gas and Tramways Committees, and during the current year he is a member of the Finance and Tramways Committees and chairman of the Works Committee. He is also a member of the Special Committee of the City Council, and has announced himself a candidate for the Mayoralty for 1904–5. Mr. Tapper was born at Reading, Berkshire, England, on the 6th of February, 1847, and is the youngest son of the late Mr. Robert Tapper, solicitor, of “Wandham House,” Weston-Super-Mare, in Somersetshire, England, who was for some years manager of the well-known legal firm of Messrs Philpott and Baker, of Weston-Super-Mare. He was educated at the last-mentioned town, and was afterwards apprenticed to the bookselling and stationery trade at “The Library,” an extensive business in Weston-Super-Mare, of which he subsequently became manager, and held the position till 1869. Later on he was appointed manager of the publishing department in the firm of Messrs George Metzler and Co., music publishers, etc., Great Marlborough Street, London, and occupied that position until leaving England for New Zealand in July, 1872, by the ship “Lady Jocelyn.” On arriving in Invercargill he entered the ironmongery business of his eldest brother Robert, whom he afterwards joined in partnership. During the prosperous years which followed the inception of the public works policy, the firm sold the hardware department of its business, from which Mr. Robert Tapper afterwards retired, leaving Mr. E. A. Tapper to conduct the saw-milling branch on his own account. Within a few years Mr. Tapper succeeded in establishing one of the most extensive and efficiently equipped saw-milling, timber, and building ironmongery businesses in the South Island, with branches at Invercargill, Ashburton, Gore, and Dunedin, and sawmills at Seaward Forest Long Bush, and Green Hills. He was at that time one of the largest employers of labour in New Zealand, and by his persistence in urging the Government to grant liberal concessions on behalf of sawmilling,
, who has represented Bell Ward on the Dunedin City Council since 1902, is the eldest son of the late Mr. John Hally, of Dunedin. He was born in 1866, in Dunedin, educated at the Christian Brothers' School, and afterwards apprenticed to the bootmaking trade. In 1891 he established his present business in George Street. Mr. Hally is a member of the Dunedin Conciliation Board, and has, for about six years, been president of the New Zealand Federal. Tailoresses' Union. He is also a member of the Dunedin Catholic Literary Society.
, J.P., was elected a member of the Dunedin City Council in April, 1901, and re-elected, as senior member for Leith Ward, in April, 1903. He was born at Cuddington, Buckinghamshire, England, in 1850, and was educated in London. After serving an apprenticeship to the building trade under his brother, he commenced business on his own account in London. In 1875 he sailed for New Zealand in the ship “Suraf,” which was wrecked near the Bluff, the passengers being picked up and brought on to Port Chalmers by the “Vire,” a French man-of-war. Shortly after arriving in Dunedin Mr. Lawrence established himself in the building trade, and is still engaged in it He is a director of the Dunedin Savings Bank, a member of the Dunedin Hospital and Charitable Aid Board, and of the Ocean Beach Domain Board, and was for seven years a member of the Union Street public school committee. Mr. Lawrence was married, in 1873, to Miss Emily Prior, of Blackheath, and has four sons and six daughters.
, who was elected—when for the first time nominated—to represent Leith Ward in the Dunedin City Council in April, 1903, is the eldest son of the late William Barnes, and grandson of the late John Barnes, a former Mayor of Dunedin. He was born in Dunedin in 1861, and was educated at Halliwell's Middle District School. During the following few years, when he was a mere boy, he was engaged with his father in the constrnction of the railway line between Dunedin and Port Chalmers, and in the making of streets within the city boundary. In 1876 he was apprenticed to the late Mr. James Gramond, coachbuilder and general smith, of Great King Street, who was also a city councillor, and continued to work with him for fifteen years, until 1891, when he left to establish a business on his own account in Frederick Street. In 1892 Mr. James Gramond died, and in the succeeding year Mr. Barnes took over his former employer's business, which he has since conducted with marked success. Mr. Barnes is a member of the Hospital and Charitable Aid Boards, the George Street school committee, of the Primitive Methodist Debating Society, and also of the Independent Order of Rechabites, Hope of Dunedin Tent. He was married, in 1888, to Miss Elizabeth Kydd, formerly of Newcastle-on-Tyne, England, and has two sons and four daughters.
, who was elected to the Dunedin City Council as senior member for Leith Ward, in April, 1901, and retuned for the same ward two years later, was born in the province of Auckland in September, 1866. His father, the late Mr. Colin McDonald, a contractor by trade, was for many years connected with the New Zealand Government in that capacity. Councillor McDonald was one of the founders of the Otago Cycling Club, and has been a director of the Caledonian Society of Otago for about thirteen years.
is the Town Clerk, Treasurer, and Returning Officer for the City of Dunedin.
, City Engineer to the Dunedin City Corporation, is the second son of the late Mr. James Allan, of “Hope Hill,” in the Taieri district. He was born in November, 1856, and educated at the Union Street public school, the Dunedin Boys' High School, and the Otago University, and at an early age was apprenticed to Messrs Barr and Oliver, civil engineers and surveyors, Dunedin. Whilst with that firm he became a licensed surveyor, and in 1879 he commenced a private practice in conjuction with Mr. Charles Banks, now engineer for the Waitaki County Council, Oamaru. In 1883 Mr. Allan removed to Wellington to undertake contract-surveys for the Wellington-Manawatu Railway Company, and in the following year he joined the firm of Messrs Fergus and Blair, railway contactors, as managing engineer, and carried out the construction of the Otaki section of Wellington-Manawatu railway. Later on he went to Melbourne, where he was entrusted with large and important undertakings, and he was subsequently associated with Messrs Reid and McNeill (of Briscoe and Co.) in the construction of the Warrnambool-Koroit railway. Mr. Allan was afterwards engaged for a time in private practice in West Australia, where he joined the goldfields water supply branch of the public works department in 1894. Four years later he became municipal engineer for Coolgardie, but resigned that position in January, 1900, to return to New Zealand. For a short time he was engaged as assistant road surveyor in the public works department, in
, who was appointed valuer to the Dunedin City Council in 1874, was born at Dudley, in Staffordshire, England, in November, 1831. He was educated for the medical profession, but later on entered the shipping trade as a partner in the firm of Messrs Cook, Morris and Holmes, of Manchester. In 1869 he sailed for Dunedin, and for a short time was engaged in the service of the Provincial Government. Mr. Morris was one of the promoters of the Dunedin Orchestral Society, and has been its president since its inception. He was married at Kirk Braddon, on the Isle of Man, in August, 1853, to Miss Mott, and has five sons and one daughter.
, Inspector of Wheel Traffic for the city of Dunedin, was appointed in March, 1894. He was a member of the City Council for a number of years, and had previously been a member of the Caversham Borough Council form 1878 till 1884. During that time he was for two years a member of the Otago Harbour Board. Mr. Barron was for many years a member of the Dunedin Caledonian Society, of which he was president for one year, and was also a member of the Caledonian Bowling Club, of which he was a prize-winner. Mr. Barron was married in June, 1864, to Miss M. Patrick of Fifeshire and has, surviving, nine children.
, formerly Town Clerk, City Treasurer, and Returning Officer for the city of Dunedin, was born in Framingham Pigot, Norwich, Norfolk, England, in 1840. Till he was fourteen years of age he attended King Edward VI.'s Grammar School, and was subsequently for four years at the Ipswich Grammar School, under the tultion of Mr. Montague Williams (afterwards the celebrated “Criminal Side” barrister) and the Rev. Stephen Rigand (afterwards Bishop of Antigua). Mr. Taylor served his articles as a solicitor to his father, Mr. Adam Taylor, of Norwich, and, after passing his examination, was admitted to practice in London, where he acted as managing clerk for several years. He afterwards practised his profession in his native town for a short time, and arrived in Port Chalmers in 1873 in the ship “Warrior Queen.” He took a position as accountant and collector to the Dunedin Gas Works—then the property of Mr. Hankey, whose attorney was Mr. W. J. M. Larnach. On the corporation purchasing these works in 1876, Mr. Taylor became one of the staff of the city corporation. In 1887 he was appointed secretary to the Gas Works, and largely devoted his time to carrying out the council's plans for the extension of the business. On the retirement of Mr. Gibson as town clerk in 1890, the position was offered to and accepted by Mr. Taylot. Outside his public duties, Mr. Taylor did not mix much in public life, preferring his books and the freeness of the country. He was, however, a Freemason, a bowler, and a member of musical societies. Mr. Taylor was married in 1861 to a daughter of Mr. R. Claxton, of North Walsham, and died in Sydney, New South Wales, in the year 1900.
These works are described under the heading of street lighting, in the general introduction to this section.
, Gas Engineer and Manager of the Dunedin City Gas Works, was born in Newport, Monmouthshire, England, in 1851. He was educated in Victoria, whither he accompanied his parents in 1856. Brought up by his father as a gas engineer, he was engaged in the building of many gas works in Australia. He accompanied his father to New Zealand in 1872, and erected the Hokitika gas works, but returned afterwards to Victoria and erected the works at Echuca. He subsequently came back to New Zealand with his father and constructed the gas works at Oamaru and Timaru. In April, 1874, Mr. Courtis settled permanently in New Zealand, and was engineer in charge of the Timaru works for nineteen years prior to taking up his duties in Dunedin in April, 1893. He first became a Freemason under the Scottish Constitution. An old and enthusiastic cyclist, he was a rider at amateur meetings in Victoria in 1870, and was for some time president of the Otago cycling club. Mr. Courtis married in 1878 a daughter of Mr. R. Clarke, of Timaru, and has three sons and one daughter.
. An article on these tramways appears in the section which deals with wheel traffic.
. This Brigade has two stations and two reelhouses. The central station is situated in the Octagon. It is built of brick and plaster, is two stories high, and has furnished private apartments for the captain, sleeping quarters for the firemen, accommodation for the apparatus, and a six stall stable for the horses. The other station is in Great King Street. It is a single storey wooden building, with room for a ladder carriage and a hose reel, and stabling for a horse. The two reel-houses, each with 500 feet of hose, are in Princes Street South and Arthur Street respectively. The plant of the Brigade is a thoroughly efficient one, and includes one Shand-Mason engine of thirty man-power having two seven-inch cylinders; two hook and ladder carriages, each with two 43-feet sets of ladders; one horse reel; a telescope ladder, minety feet in length, and said to be the largest in the Australian colonies. In addition to this a stretcher on wheels, with kit complete, the property of the St. John Ambulance Associaton, is kept at the central station for the use of the Brigade. The city being in possession of an efficient gravitation water service, giving a pressure varying from 150 to 180 pounds to the square inch in the lower levels, no chemical engines are employed. There are two firebells—one over the Town Hall and the other at the Great King Street station, and the locality of a fire is indicated by the number of tolls. Thus one toll represents South Ward; two tolls, High Ward; three tolls, Bell Ward; and four tolls, Leith Ward. The city is also supplied with the Morse system of fire alarms, there being upwards of thrity boxes, in various parts of the town. The system was inaugurated as early as 1877, Dunedin being the first city in the Australasian colonies to acquire it, and is personally superintended by the captain of the Brigade. The Dunedin City Fire Brigade consists of the captain, two foremen, one engine keeper, fifteen firemen, and three drivers, and has an honourable name for the fearless and expeditious manner in which it fulfils its hazardous and important duties.
Captain of the Dunedin City Fire Brigade, was born in 1848 at Salem, Massachusetts, United States of America, and is the second son of the late Mr. Henry Mitchell, for many years Governor of the United States prison, at Salem. He was educated at the public school in his native place, and at the age of fourteen joined the United States Navy as a second-class boy, and afterwards served in the war ships “Massachusetts,” “Siam,” and “John Adams,” In 1863 he sailed for South America, lived for a short time in the state of Paraguay, and afterwards removed to Bolivia, whence, after a residence of three years, he was compelled to make a hasty departure, owing to a revolution. He accordingly sailed for London, and a few months later embarked for Dunedin, where he landed in 1869. Mr. Mitchell was gold-seeking for several years, chiefly in the Mount Ida district, but without exceptional success. He returned to Dunedin in 1874, and was engaged for about twelve months as a clerk in the railway service. In 1875 he removed to Port Chalmers, and two years later entered the service
are situated in the Taieri district, about three miles from Dunedin city. They were established by the Dunedin City Council in May, 1898. The building is of brick and stands on a concrete foundation. It is divided into two departments; one for cattle and the other for sheep. The former possesses five pens, each capable of accommodating twenty-five head, and the latter affords room for about 800 car-casses. Adjoining the main building is a department for pigs, with interior dimensions of twenty-four feet by thirty-nine feet. This was specially designed for the purpose, and possesses every obtainable convenience and laboursaving appliance. The manager's office, the inspector's laboratory, the caretaker's room, and men's dining-room are situated in detached buildings. The block on which the abattoirs stand is ten acres in extent, and is divided into two paddocks.
, M.R.C.V.S., who holds the joint positions of inspector and manager of the Dunedin City Abattoirs, was born in Scotland in 1863. He gained his diploma at the Royal Veterinary College, London, in 1884, and three years later sailed to Victoria, Australia, where he practised his profession at Ballarat till 1897, when he was appointed to his present position. Mr. Snowball has occupied the post of veterinary surgeon to the Otago Mounted Rifles since 1898.
Before the institution of the City Council, Dunedin was controlled by a Town Board. The first election of this body took place on Monday, the 20th of August, 1855, when the following gentlemen were returned as the first Board: Messrs John Jones, James Kilgour, Alexander Rennie, James Macandrew, John Hyde Harris, William Henry Cutten, John McGlashan, Charles Robertson, and Robert Williams. With various changes of membership, the Board existed for ten years. Its last meeting was held on the 19th of April, 1865, when the members of the retiring Board were: Messrs Thomas Redmayne, John Barnes, Horace Bastings, Jabez J. Ham, David Miller, junior, Robert Murray, James F. McGuire, John Griffen, John Grey, James Turner, George Smith, and John Lovell. For the next three months, the affairs of the city were controlled by commissioners. The first mayoral election took place on the 21st of July, 1865, when Mr. William Mason was elected chief magistrate of Dunedin. Since then twenty-eight gentlemen have occupied the position. Mr. Mason held office for two years, when he was succeeded by Mr. John Hyde Harris, who was Mayor for a year. Mr. Thomas Birch occupied the chair from 1868 to 1870, and Mr. Henry Smith Fish filled the position for the three ensuing years, and subsequently for the two years, 1893–95. Mr. Andrew Mercer was elected in 1873, and Mr. Keith Ramsay in the following year. He was succeeded in 1875 by Mr. Henry John Walter, who was afterwards Mayor from 1878 to 1880. Mr. Charles Stephen Reeves was elected in 1876, and in the following year was succeeded by Mr. Richard Henry Leary, who held office also for the year 1886–87. Mr Archibald Hilson Ross was Mayor for the year 1880–81, and he was followed by Messrs James Gore, John Bryce Thomson, William Parker Street, Arthur Scoullar, John Barnes, William Dawson, and Hugh Gourley, each for a single term; but Mr. Gourley again filled the office in 1896–97. Mr. John Roberts was Mayor for the year 1889–90, and was followed, for a similar period in each case, by Messrs John Carroll, Charles Chapman, Charles Haynes, N. Y. A. Wales, E. B. Cargill, William Swan, Robert Chisholm, George Lyon Denniston, and James A. Park. Mr. Thomas Scott, the present Mayor, was elected in 1903.
, the first Mayor of Dunedin, held the office for two years, from 1865 to 1867, and he had previously been a member of the Town Board. He was born at Ipswich, England, In 1810, and arrived in Sydney in 1838. In 1840 he came over to Auckland with Governor Hobson, as clerk of works. Subsequently he was elected to the House of Representatives for the Pensioners' Settlement. Mr. Mason removed to Dunedin in 1862, to superintend the erection of the Bank of New Zealand. He also designed a number of buildings throughout the colony, including the Dunedin Exhibition of 1865. Mr. Mason entered into partnership with Mr. W. H. Clayton, afterwards colonial architect, and father of Lady Vogel; and subsequently he went into business with Mr. N. Y. A. Wales. In after years he farmed for a while at Otepopo, and, on retiring, took up his residence at Paradise, Diamond Lake, twelve miles from Glenorchy at the head of Lake Wakatipu. In shooting competitions he took a lively interest, and was an excellent marks man. He was the winner if the first prize offered by the Government in the colony for rifle shooting, and was second for the colonial belt, in the first annual competition. Mr. Mason returned to Dunedin in 1894, and died on the 22nd of June, 1897.
else where referred to as one of the Superintendents of Otago, was the second Mayor of Dunedin, and held office during 1867–68.
was Mayor of Dunedin during the years 1868–69–70, and while in office he entertained the Duke of Edinburgh, when that prince visited Dunedin. In another article he is referred to as an ex-member of the House of Representatives.
, five times Mayor of Dunedin, filled the office during the years 1870–1–2–3 and 1893–4–5. He also represented Dunedin South and the City of Dunedin in the House of Representatives for several years, and his biography is given in that connection.
, one of the pioneers of Otago, was Mayor of Dunedin for the year 1873–74. He was born in Fifeshire, Scotland, in 1829. He served his time as a cabinetmaker, and entered into partnership with Mr. George Ross. The partners came out together to Otago by the ship “Philip Laing,” in 1848, and had under the New Zealand Company's land regulations. Acting on these orders, they selected rural land in the Clutha district, but letting it lie for a while, they started a store in Princes Street, Dunedin, opposite the Bank of New Zealand's present premises. Subsequently Mr. Mercer sold out, and went farming at Warepa, but returned to Dunedin, about 1859, to open a store on the site of the Colonial Mutual Buildings. He carried on business there till about 1880, when he retired, and went to live at Portobello, but afterwards removed to his residence in High Street, where he died. Mr. Mercer was a member of the city Council for seven years. At the Otago Convention, formed when the provinces were about to be abolished, he attended as representative of Owaka. He was made a Justice of the Peace in 1872, and sat very often at the Police Court. Mr. Mercer was married in Dunedin, in March, 1849, and died on the 6th of June,
was elected Mayor of Dunedin on the 22nd of July, 1874, and held the office for a full term. He is elsewhere referred to as a former city councillor, and as a shipowner and shipping agent.
, who was Mayor of Dunedin for three terms, held office during the years 1875–76, and 1878–80. He was born in Jamaica, and arrived in Victoria in 1853. Eleven years late he crossed over to Otago, where for twenty-nine years he was proprietor of the Occidental Hotel, in Dunedin. Mr. Walter first entered the City Council in 1869, and he was also a member of the Otago Harbour Board. After leaving Dunedin he settled in Wellington, where he kept a hotel for some years in Willis Street.
, J.P., who was Mayor of the city of Dunedin in 1876–7, was born in Wexford, Ireland, and came to New Zealand in June, 1863, after a residence of eight years in Victoria. In 1873 he was returned to the city Council for Leith Ward, which he represented till May, 1876. During the term of his mayoralty, which followed closely on the abolition of the provinces, Mr. Reeves was called on to discharge many of the duties which had previously devolved upon the superintendent. A member of the first Harbour Board. Mr. Reeves was chairman of that body when the first contract for dredging the Victoria Channel was let to Mr. D. Proudfoot. In 1874 he was returned as a member of the Provincial Council for Dunedin, and subsequently served for eight years as a member of the Land Board, and was one of the first Hospital Trustees. Mr. Reeves joined the Dunedin Artillery in 1863; he was captain of the North Dunedin Rifles for nine years, and was promoted in 1885 to the rank of major in command of the first battalion of Otago Volunteers, from which he retired in January, 1890, as lieutenant-colonel on the unattached list Mr. Reeves has been a Master Mason since 1859, and a member of the Order of Oddfellows since 1864. Mr. Reeves is referred to in another article in connection with the business carried on by himself and his son as accountants and commission agents, in Vogel Street, Dunedin.
, who was Mayor of Dunedin during the years 1877–8, and 1886–7, was born in 1841, in London, and was educated in his native place. At an early age he emigrated to Victoria, Australia, where he entered the timber trade. A few years later he settled in Dunedin, where he became a partner in the firm of Messrs Bastings, Leary and Co., auctioneers and accountants, and was afterwards in business on his own account as an accountant. In 1894 he was sent to England by the Dunedin City Corporation, in connection with business affecting the city loans. During his sojourn in England he contracted pneumonia, which led to his death. Mr. Leary took an active interest in church work, and was for some years secretary of the Dunedin Diocesan Trust Board.
, Mayor of Dunedin for the year 1880–81, was born at Newcastle-on-Tyne, England, in 1821, and lived for several years at Sunderland, in which he was a town councillor and a guardian of the poor. On coming out to Dunedin, in 1859, Mr. Ross accepted a position as chief draughtsman in the survey office. He afterwards entered into business on his own account as an optician, and carried it on until a few years before his death. As a resident of Roslyn, he became a member of the borough council on its constitution, and in 1879 was elected Mayor of the borough. Mr. Ross was also a member of the Dunedin City in 1880. He was an active member of the Benevolent Trustees, and was chairman of the Otago Harbour Board for five or six years. In 1887 he was elected to represent Roslyn in the House of Representatives, defeating Messrs Carlton and Hutchison; but in 1890, the boundaries of the district having been considerably changed, he was defeated by Mr. Dawson Mr. Ross was a careful astronomical observer, and took an active intest in the observation of the transit of Venus in 1874 and 1882. He was a member of the Otago Institute, and contributed several papers at its meetings. Mr. Ross died at his son's residence, at Pahiatua, on the 8th of December, 1900, and left a widow and a grown-up family, The eldest daughter is married to Mr. H. Skey, of Leith Valley, Dunedin.
was Mayor of Dunedin in 1881–2. He first entered the Council in 1877, and has been continuously one of its members since the close of his term as Mayor. Mr. Gore is referred to elsewhere as a former member of the House of Representatives, and as a present member of the Dunedin City Council.
, who was Mayor of Dunedin for the year 1883, and held a seat as a councillor for eight years, was born in Stirlingshire, Scotland, in 1840. He served an apprenticeship of five years to carpentry in Glasgow. In 1884, Mr. Thomson came out to Port Chalmers in the ship “Aboukir,” Immediately after his marriage to a daughter of the late Mr. Wm. Clough. With Mr. James McGill, he founded the firm of McGill and Thomson in 1866, the business being continued till 1893; many important buildings were erected by the firm, including part of Messrs Bing, Harris and Co.'s fine warehouse, the stone house of the late Mr. Robert Gillies—one of the best houses within the town belt—, Mr. A. Lee's house at Roslyn, and many others. Mr. Thomson was for four years a member of the Dunedin Harbour Board, of which he was at one time chairman; he also occupied a seat on the Hospital Board, and was a trustee of the Benevolent Society for one year. As a member of the order of Foresters, Mr. Thomson occupied office as district chief ranger at the time of the visit of the Duke of Edinburgh, to whom he presented an address on behalf of the society. His family consists of two daughters—married respectively to two brothers and settled in America—and two sons, the elder of whom is associated in the business, to which reference is made elsewhere in this volume.
was born in 1846, and arrived in Otago, from Victoria, in the beginning of the sixties. After experiencing some of the vioissitudes common in those days, he received the appointment of clerk of the Resident Magistrate's Court, and Registrar of Births, Marriages, and Deaths in Dunedin. This position he filled with credit for some years, until he resigned for the purpose of entering into business on his own account. In 1877 Mr. Street was, with Mr.
, who was Mayor of Dunedin for the year 1884–85, was previously a member of the city Council. He was born in Ayrshire, Scotland, where he was sent to work at the age of seven, and for eight years was engaged in making Kilmarnock bonnets. He was then apprenticed to the cabinetmaking business in Glasgow, where he completed his term about 1850, and, in 1854, sailed for Melbourne, as a carpenter's mate on the ship “Contest,” After six unprofitable years on the Australian goldfields he came over to New Zealand, where he was very successful on the Clutha diggings. In 1863 Mr. Scoullar established himself in business in Dunedin, and was afterwards joined by Mr. Chisholm, under the style of Scoullar and Chisholm, furniture warehousemen. Mr. Scoullar died in Wellington in 1899, leaving a widow, and a family of two sons and five daughters.
was born in Stockpert, Lancashire, England, in 1817, and arrived at Port Chalmers, by the ship “Nourmahal,” in 1858. He entered into business in Dunedin as a carter and contractor, was engaged for some time in carrying goods to Tokomairiro, the Lindis, and Tuapeka diggings; and afterwards carried out, amongst other contracts, the construction of the Rattray Street, Stuart Street, and the Pelichet Bay Jetties, and a portion of the Port Chalmers railway. In 1863 he was Town Board, and retained his seat till the dissolution of the Board in 1865. In August of the following year he was elected a member of the City Council, and in 1867 was appointed inspector of works. He again entered the council in 1870, and four years later resumed the position of insepector of works. In 1879 he was once more elected to the City Council, and retained his seat until 1885, when he was elected Mayor of the city. In November, 1883, Mr. Barnes was elected a member of the Harbour Board, and continued to represent the city on that body until 1888, when he retired from public life. He died in 1889, from injuries received by a fall from a horse at Milton. Mr. Barnes left a widow, since dead, two sons, and one daughter.
, was Mayor of Dunedin in 1877–8. He is elsewhere referred to as a former city councillor, and also as having been a member of Parliament.
was twice Mayor of Dunedin; first in 1888–89, and, again for the year, 1896–97. Mr. Gourley is further referred to as chairman of the Otago Harbour Board.
, C.M.G., who was Mayor of the city of Dunedin during the Exhibition year (1889–90), is the New Zealand resident-partner in the firm of Murray, Roberts and Co. He was born in Selkirk, Scotland, in 1845, and was educated in his native place, at the Cheltenham Grammar School, at the Queen Street Institution, Edinburgh, and at the Edinburgh Academy. On leaving school in 1862 he entered the woollen mill of his father's firm, Messrs George Roberts and Co., of Selkirk. Two years later Mr. Roberts arrived in Melbourne, where he was employed in station management and business in the firm of John Sanderson and Co. In 1868 he came to Dunedin. Mr. Roberts has long been prominently connected with the mercantile life of the colony generally, and especially with public companies in Dunedin. He is an original director, and has for many years past been chairman, of the New Zealand Refrigerating Company, Limited; and for two years he was a director of the Colonial Bank, from which he retired in 1891. He has always taken a keen interest in agricultural and pastoral matters, and was a leading promoter of the Otago Agricultural and Pastoral Association of which he is a life governor. Mr. Roberts has served on the boards of management of many local public institutions, notably the Otago University committee, and as chairman of its finance committee, During the days of Provincial Governments, Mr. Roberts represented Kaikorai in the Otago Provincial Council. He was a member for Deep Stream riding in the Taieri County Council. His work in connection with the New Zealand and South Seas Exhibition, As president, he succeeded, by ability and untiring zeal, in bringing the exhibition to a successful issue, and for his services in that respect, Her Majesty the Queen conferred upon him the Companionship of the Most Distinguished Order of St. Michael and St. George, in 1891. In recognition also of his work, the ratepayers of the city of Dunedin elected him Mayor of the city in 1890 at an uncontested election. Mr. Roberts married, in 1870, a daughter of Mr. Charles Henry Kettle—who, as surveyor to the New Zeland Company, originally surveyed Dunedin—and has, surviving, four sons and four daughters.
, J.P., at one time Mayor of Dunedin, was born in Country Tipperary, in the south of Ireland, on the 11th of June, 1836. Emigrating to the colonies, he landed in Victoria, and shortly afterwards, after spending some time on the gold-fields, crossed over to Otago, New Zealand, on the outbreak of the “rush” to Gabriel's Gully. Mr. Carroll worked at his trade—that of a stonemason—for about twelve months in Dunedin, and then returned to the diggings, being fairly successful on the Shotover River. In 1863 he married, and soon afterwards started in business as a licensed victualler, his first hotel being the “Douglas,” which he built and afterwards sold. As a public man, Mr. Carroll's first election took place in October, 1869, when he was returned as a member of the Dunedin City Council, which then had only eight members. In November, 1890, the citizens, in acknowledgment of his long and faithful services, elected him to the mayoralty by a majority of 490 votes over his opponents, the largest majority ever obtained in any civic election in Dunedin. From his first election as councillor up to the present time Mr. Carroll has continuously served the citizens, with the exception of two short breaks, when he declined to be nominated. He acted as trustee of the Benevolent Institution for
, who was Mayor of the city of Dunedin for the year 1891–2, is the only surviving son of the late Mr. Robert Chapman, one of the pioneer colonists of Otago. He was born in 1847, in Edinburgh, and accompanied his parents to the Colony in the ship “Blundell,” which arrived in Port Chalmers on the 21st of September, 1848. He was educated at the old school that was originally the first church in Dunedin, and which was built on the section where the warehouse of Messrs Sargood. Son and Ewen, and the office of the Standard Insurance Company now stand. He subsequently studied at the Dunedin high school, of which he was one of the first scholars. Mr. Chapman first contested the mayoralty of the city of Dunedin in November, 1888, when he was defeated by Mr. H. Gourley by 189 votes. In December, 1890, he was a candidate for the city council for Bell ward, when he was returned at the head of the poll, and was elected Mayor in the ensuing year. Mr. Chapman was married in Adelaide in 1885. He is elsewhere referred to as a barrister and solicitor.
, who represented Leith Ward in the Dunedin City Council, was born in 1838 in Tasmania, whence he was taken by his parents at the age of seven to Victoria, where he received his primary education. Landing in Dunedin in 1859, he afterwards lived almost continuously in Otago. In the early days of settlement he was known as a carrier from Dunedin to the interior. In 1873, Mr. Haynes retired from the carrying trade and commenced business as a storekeeper in Palmerston South. Soon after he was elected to the borough council, and during the thirteen years of his life in that district, served the public in various capacities to the utmost of his power, being five times mayor of the borough. In 1884, he contested the Moeraki seat against the Hon. J. McKenzie, by whom he was defeated by a narrow majority. On leaving Palmerston in 1886. Mr. Haynes was enterained at a public dinner, when he was presented with an illuminated address, expressing regret at his departure, and thanks for his great services in the interests of the district. After settling in Dunedin, he served the ratepayers as councillor for South and Leith Wards, respectively; and was mayor for the year 1832–3. He was also on the board of the Benevolent Institution, and acted as chairman of the George Street school committee. In other capacities he wilingly devoted his time and ability, having been vice-president and subsequently president of the Dunedin bowling club, president of the Dunedin debating club, and church-warden of All Saints church. Mr. Haynes was married, in 1859, to a daughter of Mr. P. Logan, of Gifford, Scotland; this lady died in 1885, leaving two sons and two daughters. In the year 1888, Mr. Haynes married a daughter of the late Mr. Samuel Woolley, of Waikouaiti, by whom he had one daughter. Mr. Haynes died at his residence, 331 Comberland Street, Dunedin, on the 7th of October, 1901.
was Mayor of Dunedin for the year 1895–96. He was well known as an architect, and as sometime sanior partner in the firm of Messrs Mason and Wales, is referred to in another article. Mr. Wales died on the 3rd of November, 1903.
, who was Mayor of Dunedin for the year 1897–98 (the year of the Otago Jubilee), was the seventh son of the late Captain William Cargill, the founder of Otago, particulars of whose life appear elsewhere in this volume. He was born in 1823 in Edinburgh, Scotland, where he received some of his early education, and subsequently continued his studies at Norwich, England. After spending six years at sea, Mr. Cargill became a merchant, and was in business in Ceylon from 1844 to 1855, under the style latterly of Nicol, Cargill and Co., general merchants, planters, and coffee exporters. After two years spent in Melbourne, he settled in Dunedin, in 1857, joining his brother John and the late Mr. John Jones in partnership, under the style of Jones, Cargill and Co., general merchants. The first steamer trading on the coast—“The Geelong”—was purchased by this firm in Melbourne, and she was the only steamer plying on the coast of Otago prior to the gold “rush.” In 1859, after the dissolution of the firm of Jones, Cargill and Co., Mr. Cargill carried on a similar business, first in partnership
, who was Mayor of Dunedin in the year 1898–99, and had formerly for about ten years been a representative of Leith Ward in the City Council, was born at Prestonpans, Scotland, in 1838. He was educated at Tarnent, and was brought up as a practical miner; afterwards he served three years at the grocery trade, and subsequently worked for his father, who was a contracter. After arriving at Port Chalmers in 1861 in the ship “Geelong,” he experienced considerable difficulty in obtaining employment. On the outbreak of the Dunstan “rush,” he went to the diggings, and spent three months on the goldfield without any success. For six months he was engaged on a farm at the Taieri, and for eighteen months was employed as a carrier to the goldfields, and was very successful in that connection. In 1865 he went to the New South Wales goldfields, and there spent nine months; returning to Otago, he entered into business as a firewood merchant in George Street, and subsequently in King Street. In this line he met with considerable success, purchasing land containing bush, which was felled and brought to market. When coal was discovered, Mr. Swan added this branch to his business, and also imported coal from Newcastle, New South Wales, for twenty-eight years. The business was afterwards conducted under the name of Swan and Son, but is now carried on by Mr. Swan's brother. Mr. Swan purchased “Mosgiel House”, Mosgiel—from the trustees of the late Mr. John Hyde Harris—and resided there for two years, and became a member of the Mosgiel Borough Council. For eight years he was one of the trutees of the Benevolent Institution, and was connected with the Caledonian Society for over a quarter of a century, holding the office of treasurer of that body for eight years, and that of president in 1896. Mr. Swan was married in 1857 to a daughter of Mr. John Brown, engineer, of Cornwall, and had one son and one daughter. He died on the 28th of January, 1901.
, was elected Mayor of Dunedin by a large majority, on the 29th of November, 1889, at the first local election under the extended municipal franchise. He held office during 1900–1901, and took a leading part in the patriotic movement that led to the prompt despatch of New Zealand troopers to assist the Empire in South Africa. Mr. Chisholm was chairman of the Royal Reception Committee, and was appointed one of the three Royal Commissioners in connection with the visit of the Duke and Duchess of Cornwall and York to Dunedin in June, 1901. To mark their appreciation of his services the citizens have had a full size oil painting of Mr. Chisholm hung in the Town Hall. Mr. Chisholm is elsewhere referred to as managing director of Scoullar and Chisholm, Limited, and also as a former member of the Dunedin City Council.
, was Mayor of Dunedin in 1901, during which the city was visited by the Duke and Duchess of Cornwall and York, now Prince and Princess of Wales. Mr. Denniston is a son of the late Mr. Thomas Denniston, who was one of the early sottlers of Southland. He is referred to elsewhere as Consul for Belgium, and in other capacities.
was Mayor of Dunedin for the year 1902–3. He was elected without opposition, and had previously represented Bell Ward in the City Council for some years. During his mayoralty the celebrations of the King's Coronation were held in Dunedin, the Fourth Contingent returned from active service in South Africa, also the Otago detachments of the Eighth and Ninth Contingents, and peace was proclaimed. Mr. Park laid the foundation stone of the new tramway car-house, and thus inaugurated the service of the new electric tramways. After the wreck of the “Elingamite,” Mr. Park took an active part in organising the Shipwrecked Mariners' Relief Society of New Zealand. He is chairman of the Otago Fallen Soldiers' Memorial Committee. The Greater Dunedin scheme has found in Mr. Park a warm advocate, and he has also taken an active interest in the Dunedin Competitions Society. Mr. Park was born in Edinburgh, in 1854, and was educated in Dunedin at the Boys' High School, and at the High Street School of which his father, the late Mr. J. B. Park, was headmaster for twenty-nine years. He entered mercantile life in 1870. as junior clerk in the office of Messrs McLan-dress, Hepburn and Co., auctioneers, and
By a special ordinance of the Otago Provincial Council, passed in 1865, and afterwards ratified by the General Assembly, the municipal jurisdiction of Dunedin was vested in a City Council, which superseded a Town Board. Mr. William Mason was elected the first Mayor on the 21st of July, 1865, and on the 1st of August of the same year, the first City Council was elected, with Messrs John Griffen, Edward Chalmers, John H. Barr, Alexander Carrick, David Ross, Thomas Birch, Henry Driver, and James Turner as its members. Since the inception of the Council, one hundred and fourteen citizens, including the present twelve councillors, have represented the retepayers, and given their service gratuitously for the benefit of the city; some for only a limited period, but a large number of them have unselfishly devoted many years to the public interest. Some have filled other important public positions, and their lives have been inseparably associated with the rise and prosperity of Otago.
was a member of the first Dunedin City Council, which came into existence in 1865. He arrived in Otago from Victoria in the days of the gold rush, and afterwards started in business as a wine, spirit, and provision merchant in Dunedin. In 1870 he contested the Mayoralty with Mr. H. S. Fish, but was defeated, after an exciting contest, by sixty-five votes. Business reverses followed shortly afterwards, and some time later Mr. Griffen was appointed chief clerk at the Dunedin gasworks, and retained the position until he resigned owing to ill-health. He, however, died a fortnight afterwards; namely, on the 22nd of November, 1891, when he left a widow, six sons and three daughters.
, who was a member of the Dunedin City Council in 1865, was born in Lancashire, England, in 1816, and went to Australia in early manhood. He was afterwards engaged in connection with the copper mining industry on the Barrier Islands in the Hauraki Gulf, Auckland, and later on became a Government officer. Mr. Chalmers died in 1880. in Dunedin, leaving a wife and several children.
was elected in 1865, as a representative of High Ward, to the first Dunedin City Council. He was reelected in the following year, but resigned on the 4th of March, 1867. in order to visit Great Britain. He is elsewhere referred to in this volume as a partner in the firm of Ireland and Co., Oamaru.
was a member of the first City Council, which was elected in 1865. He was a representative for High Ward, and was re-elected in 1867. Mr. Carrick took a very active interest in the first Dunedin Exhibition. He afterwards went to Christchurch, where he became manager of the National Insurance Company.
was elected in 1865 to the first Dunedin City Council, as a representative of Bell Ward, and held his seat until the 1st of August, 1866, when he retired. He was a Scotchman by birth, and an architect by profession, came to New Zealand from Victoria, and established a business in Dunedin. Mr. Ross built the Octagon Buildings, familiarly known as Ross's Buildings. He was architect for several of the public schools, and also the Union Steam Ship Company's handsome office in Dunedin. Mr. Ross subsequently went to Auckland, and thence to America and Japan. He died several years ago.
was an active member of the first Dunedin City Council, which came into existence in 1865. Subsequently he was elected Mayor, and was also a member of Parliament in 1869–70, He is referred to as such in another article.
was one of the original members of the Dunedin City Council, and was returned at the head of the poll to represent the Leith Ward in 1865. He was re-elected two years later, but retired from the Council in 1869. Mr. Driver became a member of the House of Representatives, and he is further referred to in that connection.
was elected in 1865, by the ratepayers of Leith Ward, to the first City Council, and re-elected in the following year. He resigned on the 27th of January, 1868, on leaving for Australia. Mr. Turner had previously been a member of the Town Board, and he also served on school committees. He carried on a grocery business in Great King Street.
was first elected to the City Council in 1866, and represented the ratepayers of Bell Ward for many years. He resigned on the 16th of September, 1885. Mr. Barnes was also Mayor of Dunedin, and is further referred to in that connection.
was first elected to the City Council in 1867, and ably served the citizens almost continuously for thirty years, either as a councillor or as
Mayor. Mr. Fish is further referred to as a former member of the House of Representatives.
represented Bell Ward in the City Council from his election in 1867, up to the time of his death in the following year. He was in business in Dunedin as a hotelkeeper. was the first tenant of the Club Hotel in Maclaggan Street, and afterwards conducted other hotels in the city.
was returned without opposition to represent High Ward in the Dunedin City Council in 1867. A few weeks after his election, however, he was compelled, through an alleged informality in the proceedings, to retire from the Council, and on again submitting himself as a candidate for the seat, was opposed by Mr. McLaren, whom he defeated by a large majority. Mr. Wain was born in London, in November, 1836, and was the eldest son of a soft-goods merchant. After leaving school he entered the office of the late James Macandrew, with whom he embarked for New Zealand in the ship “Titan” in September, 1850. During the years 1851–2 he was engaged at farm work on Mr. Macandrew's property at Mornington. In December, 1852, he went to Australia with the intention of trying his luck on the goldfields. After passing a few years in Australia he returned to Dunedin, where, in 1857, he found employment with Mr. George Duncan, at that time proprietor of the Commercial Hotel. In 1859 Mr. Wain entered into partnership with Mr. Wilson to buy the livery stables previously conducted by Mr. Duncan in Rattray Street. The firm of Messrs Wilson and Wain lasted four years, and in 1863 Mr. Wain opened a hotel in Manse Street, and conducted it for about twelve years. Between 1885–8 he was engaged in railway contracting, his chief works being the construction of the Manuka Creek tunnel, and the permanent railroad from Clarksville to Lawrence. In 1878 Mr. Wain erected, in Princes Street, the handsome hotel which still bears his name, and six months after its completion he retired into private life. After five years, much of which he spent in travel, he returned to the management of his hotel. In 1888 he finally retired, and has since resided on a finely situated block of land in the village of Opoho, in the North-East Valley. Mr. Wain was connected with the Dunedin City Fire Brigade, for upwards of twelve years, in the days when that body was a purely volunteer one, and was for seven years its captain. A short time before his resignation he was presented by the City Corporation with an illuminated address, a gold watch and chain, and a silver tea and coffee service, in recognition of his long and valuable services. Mr. Wain married Miss Catharine Jenkins, of Dunedin, in May, 1860, and has three sons and four daughters.
, after following his profession as chemist and druggist in the Midland Counties of England for many years, commenced colonial life in Victoria, and after being two or three years in that colony, arrived in Dunedin in the latter part of 1861. He was employed for a few months in the “Otago Daily Times” office, and then he started in business as a chemist in George Street; a business which has since been conducted by his sons. Mr. Bagley represented Bell Ward in the City Council, to which he was elected in 1868, and re-elected in 1870; and he was also a member of the Benevolent Institution Committee. He died at his residence, St. Leonards, on the 8th of July, 1895, in his seventy-third year.
entered the City Council in 1868, as a member for Leith Ward and resigned on the 12th of January, 1870. He unsuccessfully contested a seat in the Provincial Council. Mr. Dods was born in Glasgow, and came to New Zealand after residing for some time in Victoria. For many years he was a member of the firm of Poole, Dods, and Cameron, general merchants, who carried on business in Rattray Street.
was elected to the City Council for Bell Ward, in 1868, but resigned on account of ill health, on the 14th of November, 1869. He was a native of Glasgow, and arrived in New Zealand about 1858. For some time he was in business in the grocery trade, under the style of Simpson and Henderson. Subsequently he was a tobaconist and bookseller, and was joined in partnership by Mr. William Baird, to whom he afterwards sold the business. Shortly after his retirement from the City Council Mr. Simpson died in Dunedin.
was elected to the City Council, first in 1868, and was reelected in 1869 and 1871. He was a representative of Bell Ward, and retired from the Council on the 1st of August, 1873. Mr. Thoneman took an active part as a director and promoter of the South Seas Exhibition. He was a native of Germany, and carried on business as a general merchant in Bond Street.
, for some time a member of the City Council, to which he was elected in 1868, was a medical practitioner, who came out as ship's doctor on the “Cashmere,” which arrived in New Zealand in 1860. Mr. Wilkinson afterwards went to Melbourne, but returned to Dunedin in 1862, and purchased a chemist's business in Princes Street. He died at his residence in Dunedin, on the 15th of October, 1899, at the age of seventy-five years, leaving a widow and one son.
, was first elected to the City Council in 1869, and was afterwards almost continuously a member up to the time of his death, which occurred on the 10th of November, 1903. He is further referred to amongst the ex-mayors of Dunedin.
, who was elected to the City Council in 1869, was one of the prominent early colonists of Otago. He is referred to in another article as having been a member of the House of Representatives.
was a member of the City Council for ten years and five months, and was three times Mayor of Dunedin.
, son of Captain Cargill, one of the founders and first Superintendent of Otago, was elected to the Dunedin City Council, in 1870, and re-elected in the following year. Mr. Cargill's biography is given amongst the notices of the exmayors of Dunedin.
represented Leith Ward in the City Council, from the time of his election in 1870, to the 1st of August, 1871, when he retired. He promoted the National Insurance Company, of which he became the first manager. Afterwards he went Home in connection with the company's business, and is now residing in London.
Mr. Jack married a daughter of Mr. Alexander Willis, secretary to the Cabinet, in Wellington.
was elected a representative of Bell Ward in 1870, and sat as a member of the Council until the 21st of February, 1871, when he resigned. He was an American by birth, and for many years was manager for Cobb and Co.'s coaches in Dunedin. Shortly after the railways came into existence Mr. Mansfield left New Zealand.
was first elected to the City Council of Dunedin in 1870, and served a term of seven years. He was one of the early mayors of the city, and is referred to elsewhere in that capacity.
was elected in 1870 to the City Council. as a representative of Leith Ward, but he retired on the 1st of August, in the same year. He was a well known brewer in Dunedin, and built the Wellpark brewery, on the Water of Leith, which he carried on for many years. Mr. Wilson took a very great interest in horticulture and horticultural societies.
, a well known forwarding agent, at one time in business in Princes Street, Dunedin, entered the City Council in 1870 for South Ward. He retired on the 1st of August, 1872, and died in Dunedin many years ago.
was born in Perthshire, Scotland, in 1836, and arrived in Victoria in 1855. He came to Dunedin in the following year, and obtained a position as assistant under his father, who had been specially engaged as rector for the proposed High School. Shortly afterwards he began business on his own account, as a stationer, and carried on as such up to the time of his death. In 1871 Mr. Livingston was elected a member of the City Council, but, being defeated at the election in the following year, he did not come forward again. He died on the 2nd of August, 1899. leaving a widow and four daughters.
was elected by the ratepayers of Bell Ward in 1871, and sat as a member of the Council until his retirement on the 1st of August, 1873. Mr. Neale was in business for many years in George Street, as a bootmaker, but sold out, and went to the North Island.
was a member of the Dunedin City Council during the years 1871–3. He is elsewhere referred to as a ship-owner and as a former Mayor of Dunedin.
, who was a member of the Dunedin City Council during the year 1872, was a native of Belfast, Ireland. He was born in 1829, trained to the building trade under his father, and, when about nineteen years of age, sailed for the United States, where he spent several years at his trade in New York. In 1852 he left America for Melbourne, where he found employment at his own trade. Later on, however, he entered the service of Messrs Thomas Robinson and Co., agricultural implement manufacturers, and in 1864 he sailed for Dunedin to manage a branch for that firm. Early in the seventies Mr. Rossbotham commenced business on his own account as a contractor, and he was subsequently engaged for many years at foundry work in the city. He was twice married; firstly, to a niece of his employer, Mr. Thomas Robinson, and secondly, to Mrs Markham, of Dunedin, by whom he had two sons.
, an old colonist, and a painter by trade, who still follows his calling, was elected to the City Council in 1872, and served several years as a member of that body.
, who represented Bell Ward in the City Council during the years 1873–75, was born in Sussex, England, in 1833, and arrived in New Zealand by the ship “Palmyra” in 1858. For several years he was engaged in business on his own account in George Street, but in the early seventies he retired into private life.
was elected in 1873 to the Dunedin City Council, of which he was a member for three years. He is managing director of the large engineering firm of A. and T. Burt, Limited, and is referred to as such in another portion of this volume.
was elected to the City Council in 1873, and represented the ratepayers of South Ward until the 1st of August, 1875. He was a Welshaman by birth, and arrived on the West Coast during the gold rush. Subsequently he removed to Dunedin, where, with Mr. Kempthorne, he formed the nucleus of the since-important firm of Kemptorne, Prosser and Co. Mr. Prosser afterwards retired from the firm and went to Sydney, where he died.
, who represented Leith Ward in the City Council for three years, was first elected in 1878. He was afterwards Mayor, and is further referred to among the ex-mayors of Dunedin.
was elected to a seat in the Dunedin City Council in 1874. He was also a member of the House of Representatives, and is referred to as such in another article.
was a native of Strathspey, Scotland, and was born on Christmas Day, 1825. In 1856 he and Mrs Grant, with their two children, sailed in the “Glentanner” for New Zealand. They arrived first at Lyttelton, and were transhipped in the “Kate Kearney” for Dunedin. Mr. Grant bought a section in Forth Street, where he built his house, in which he resided forty-five years. He was an elder in Knox church, and took an active interest in the Sunday school. In 1874 Mr. Grant was first elected to the Dunedin City Council, and was re-elected in 1876. Mrs Grant predeceased her husband, who died on the 17th of July, 1901.
entered the City Council in 1874, as a representative of Leith Ward; he was re-elected in the following year, but retired on the 1st of August, 1877. Mr. Gibson was a Scotsman, and was in business as a butcher in Great King Street for some time. He died in Dunedin some years ago.
, who represented the ratepayers of High Ward in the City Council, from 1874 to the 8th of September, 1881, arrived in New Zealand from Australia, at the time of the gold rush. He was in business as a cheimst in Rattray Street for many years, and afterwards removed to Christchurch, where he died.
, who was elected a member of the Dunedin City Council in 1875, for High Ward, is fully referred to under the borough of Oamaru.
was elected to the City Council in 1875, and sat as a member for Bell Ward until the 1st of August, 1877. Mr. Campbell was connected with the “Otago Witness,” from the time of its establishment, for nearly thirty years. Mr. and Mrs Campbell's original selection was the site of the Arcade, which Mr. Campbell owned for some years. Most of the family are married and settled in the colony. Mr. Campbell died in Dunedin within recent years.
, who became a member of the Dunedin City Council in 1875, was till lately a partner in the well-known firm of Messrs Smith, Chapman and Sinclair, barristers and solicitors, of Dunedin. He was appointed a Judge of the Supreme Court, and President of the Arbitration Court, in September, 1903.
, who was twice Mayor, was first elected a member of the Dunedin City Council in 1875. He is elsewhere referred to as a former Mayor.
became a member of the Dunedin City Council in 1875, for
, who was first elected a member of the Dunedin City Council in 1875, and re-elected in 1878, is a native of Cornwall, England. He was born in the village of St. Agnes, in February, 1833, and was engaged there for some years in the tin mines. In 1856 he sailed in the ship “Africa” for Victoria, Australia, where he remained five years. He arrived in Dunedin late in 1861, and was for two years engaged on the goldfields. In 1863 he established himself in business as a commission agent in Dunedin. Mr. Roberts has invested exclusively in the mining industry, and has been connected with some well-known and successful mines. He was married to Miss Elizabeth Gallway, and has three sons and three daughters.
, who was elected a member of the Dunedin City Council in 1875, has taken an active interest in connection with the Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals, of which he was at one time secretary.
, for eight years a member of the City Council, was first elected to that body in 1876. He is referred to in another article as a former Mayor of Dunedin.
was elected to the Dunedin City Council in 1876. He is well known as the managing director of Messrs William Wright and Co., Limited, coffee and spice merchants, Dunedin.
, who is referred to in another portion of this volume, was elected to the City Council in 1877, and sat as a member for two years.
became a member of the City Council for High Ward in 1877, and was re-elected in the following year. He resigned on the 20th of April, 1880. Mr. Webb arrived in New Zealand from Sydney, in 1859, and carried on business in Dunedin, in an extensive way, as a general merchant. He was also connected with the newspaper “Otago Colonist,” and afterwards started a weekly paper, of which he was editor and proprietor. Mr. Webb subsequently went to Honolulu, but afterwards returned to Oamaru, where he resided until his death.
entered the City Council in 1878, and represented Leith Ward until his retirement on the 8th of September, 1881. Mr. Aldrich was in business in Dunedin in the grain trade, and was afterwards a member of the firm of Gray and Aldrich, flourmillers, Oamaru. He has latterly been living in retirement at Trentham, Hutt Valley, near Wellington.
was elected to the City Council in 1878, as a representative of Leith Ward, but retired on the 11th of September, 1879. In the early days Mr. Doughty kept a small roadside hotel in the Tokomairiro district, but he afterwards removed to Dunedin, where he started in business as a surveyor and draughtsman. Subsequently he went Home, and took up his residence in London.
was a member for High Ward in the City Council, to which he was elected in 1878, and retained his seat until the 7th of January, 1881, when he resigned. Previously Mr. McKinnon had been Mayor of Port Chalmers for four years. He afterwards went to Tapanui, where he kept a hotel. There he also served on the Borough Council, and was Mayor for a year.
was first elected to the Dunedin City Council in 1879, and in the following year he was elected Mayor. Having been Mayor for a year, he was again returned as a councillor. Mr. Ross is further referred to among the ex-mayors of Dunedin.
, B.A., M.H.R., J.P., served a term as a member of the City Council, to which he was elected in 1880. He again entered the Council in 1891, and was re-elected in the following year. Mr. Allen is further referred to in the Pariamentary and Military Section of this volume.
became a member of the City Council in 1880, and represented the Bell Ward ratepayers until the 24th of February, 1882, when he resigned. Mr. Gilchrist was in business as a painter in George Street for some years, and latterly in the Octagon. He died in Dunedin several years ago.
was born at Helmsdale, Sutherlandshire, in 1838, and came out to Otago by the ship “Pladda,” in 1863. On his arrival he was engaged as corresponding clerk by Messrs Dalgety, but subsequently entered into business on his own account. Mr. Matheson was elected to the Dunedin City Council in 1880, as a representative for South Ward. On the occasion of his leaving for a visit to the Old Country he resigned, and never afterwards sought re-election. He died on the 25th of April, 1898, leaving a widow and four sons
, who was a member of the Dunedin City Council during the year 1880, was born on the 19th of November, 1838, at Sanquhar, Scotland, and is the only suriving son of the late Mr. Thomas Ritchie, a forester. He was educated at the parish school in his native place, and was afterwards engaged as an accountant in the British Linen Company's Bank at Melrose. In 1865 he sailed for Victoria, Australia, where he entered the service of the London Chartered Bank, in which he was engaged in the various capacities of ledger keeper, teller, and accountant at the Pleasant Creek, Stawell, and Ararat branches. Mr. Ritchie sailed for New Zealand in 1866, and immediately on arrival joined the Bank of Otago, of which he was successively manager at Hamilton's and Switzers—the latter now known as Waikaia—and Balclutha. At Balclutha he remained in the service of the National Bank when it took over the Bank of Otago, but later on the joined the Colonial Bank at that place. In 1878 he removed to Dunedin, and entered into business as a company
, who was elected to the City Council in 1880, and subsequently became Mayor of Dunedin, is referred to among the former mayors of the city.
was a member of the Dunedin City Council during the year 1881.
was born in 1817, and came out to New Zealand in 1840, landing at the Bay of Islands. In 1841 he entered the office of the Colonial Secretary at Auckland, as clerk, and remained in the Government service until 1872, when he retired. In 1876 he settled in Dunedin, where he took a great interest in church affairs. Mr. Eliot represented Leith Ward for a short time, in Dunedin City Council. He was twice married, and by his first wife he left a family of four sons and three daughters. Mr. Eliot died on the 17th of September, 1901.
was an old colonist who took an active interest in municipal matters. When residing at Palmerston he served as a councillor, and was afterwards elected mayor of that borough. On taking up his residence in Dunedin he was elected to the City Coucil, first in 1881, and gave his services to the ratepayers until his health broke down, and he was compelled to remove to Oamaru. There he died on the 3rd of January, 1896, at the age of fifty-five years, leaving a widow and a numerous family.
was elected to the City Council in 1881, and re-elected in the following years. He was afterwards Mayor of Dunedin, and is elsewhere referred to in that connection.
was returned to the City Council in 1882 for South Ward. He was re-elected in the following year, and resigned from the Council on the 6th of August, 1884. Mr. Guthrie was in business in Princes Street for many years, as a sail and tent maker. He took a very active interest in the Order of Oddfellows, and held important offices in that connection. Subsequently he removed to Sydney, where he now resides.
was elected to the City Council in 1882, as a representative of South Ward. He was relected in 1885, but resigned on the 25th of January, 1886. Mr. Spedding is a well known auctioneer, carrying on business in Dunedin.
, who was elected to represent Leith Ward in the Dunedin City Council in 1883, and resigned in September, 1884, was born on the island of St. Helena in 1853, and was a son of the Hon. Thomas Dick. He was brought to New Zealand when a child, and was educated at Mr. J. H. Shaw's Grammar School, Dunedin, the Otago Boys' High School, and the Otago University. Later on Mr. Dick qualified as a lawyer, and afterwards practised his profession, in partnership with Mr. Webb, in Dunedin: Late in the eighties he went to Napier, and in 1890 he was drowned while bathing near the township.
, who served a term in the Dunedin City Council, to which he was elected in 1883, was a Perthshire man, and arrived in Otago in the early sixties. He was a well known monumental sculptor, and conducted a large business in Moray Place. Mr. Munro was also a member of the Caversham Borough Council. He was an enthusiastic angler and an ardent bowler, and was president of the St. Clair bowler, and was president of the St. Clair bolwing club. He died on the 6th of March, 1898, at the age of sixty-two years, leaving a wife, and a family of two sons and six daughters.
, who was a member of the City Council of Dunedin from 1883 till September, 1887, was one of the band of pioneers who arrived in Otago by the ship “Nourmahal,” in 1858. He was born in 1820, in Edinburgh, where he was educated, and afterwards started in business in 1843, as a manufacturing confectioner, and successfully carried on the industry until he emigrated to Otago. After landing in Dunedin, Mr. Murray commenced his trade in Maclaggan Street, where he established a private hotel (now known as Woods') in conjunction with his business as manufacturing confectioner, etc. This business he conducted until 1879, when he retired in to private life. During his long residence in Dunedin, Mr. Murray took an active interest in municipal government, and was elected a member of the Town Board prior to that body being merged into the present municipality. Mr. Murray was twice married; first, in 1843, to Margaret Howden, of Elinburgh, and, secondly, to Robina Graham Barns, who died, as the result of an accident, in 1879, leaving five sons and two daughters. Mr. Murray died in Dunedin two or three years ago.
, who is referred to elsewhere as a member of the Otago Harbour Board, was for some time a member of the City Council, to which he was elected in 1883.
was a member of the Dunedin City Council during the years 1884–94. He is elsewhere referred to as inspector of wheel traffic for the City Corporation.
was a native of Menstrie, Perthshire, Scotland, where he was born in 1813. He served an apprenticeship as a stonemason, and in 1852 sailed for Victoria. In Melbourne he established a successful iron trade, but in 1862 he forsook Victoria for New Zealand. He entered the iron-mongery trade in Dunedin, and his business was the forerunner of that afterwards and still carried on by Messrs Arthur Briscoe and Co. In 1867, having disposed of his business, Mr. Cairns was appointed superintendent of works under the Provincial Council, and retained the post until the abolition of the provinces. He was elected to the City Council as a representative for South Ward, in August, 1884, and held his seat until the end of his term in 1886. He died on the 10th of December, 1891, leaving a large family of grown-up sons and daughters.
represented Leith Ward for three years in the Dunedin City Council, to which he was elected in 1884. Mr. Esther is well known in business circles, and is referred to elsewhere in this volume.
was born at Bradford-on-Avon in 1834, learned the coach-building trade in London, and emigrated to Victoria in 1854. Six years later he came to Dunedin, and soon afterwards commenced business in Great King Street. Mr. Mathews took a keen and active interest in public affairs, and, in 1884, was elected as a city councillor for Leith Ward. He was also a member of the licensing committee, and an active member of the Union Street school committee for a number of years. Mr. Mathews died on the 21st of March, 1897, leaving a widow, and a grown-up family of four sons and two daughters.
was elected to the City Council for High Ward in 1885, but retired on the 10th of September of the same year. Mr. Barr was articled to Messrs Sievwright and Stout, and afterwards practised as a lawyer. He also took up literary work, but afterwards left the colony for London.
, who represented High Ward in the Dunedin City Council, and is more fully referred to as an ex-member of the House of Representatives for Dunedin suburbs, was first elected to the council in 1885. In November, 1887, he was induced to become a candidate for the Mayoralty, and was returned by a substantial majority. Mr. Dawson was again returned as a member of the Council in 1892. He has held office as a member of the Hospital Board of Trustees, and holds a seat on the Dunedin Harbour Board. In the Dunedin Caledonian Society Mr. Dawson has long taken a keen interest, and has been on two occasions its president. He has also held office as president of the Caledonian bowling club, and is an ex-president of the New Zealand Bowling Association.
was born in Stirling, Scotland, in 1844, and arrived in New Zealand when six years of age. He was a blacksmith by trade, and entered business in Dunedin when quite a young man, and established a good connection. In January, 1886, Mr. Cramond was first elected a member of the City Council, for Leith Ward, and was re-elected on two subsequent occasions—in 1888 and 1891. He was also a member of the George Street school committee, and was a man of great integrity and energy. Mr. Cramond died on the 28th of November, 1891, leaving a widow and a family of eight.
, who was first elected a member of the Dunedin City Council in 1836, served the ratepayers in that capacity for about ten years. He is elsewhere referred to as chairman of the Otago Harbour Board.
, whose interesting public life is described in another part of this volume, was first elected to the City Coucil in 1886, and was re-elected in the following year.
, who was elected a member of the City Council in 1886, is elsewhere referred to as a member of the Legislative Council.
, who was for four years a member of the Dunedin City Council, was born in 1843 in South Australia, where he was educated and learned his trade as a coachbuilder. On coming to New Zealand in 1873, he started the business described elsewhere in this volume, and still personally conducts it. He contested the mayoralty on one occasion, but was defeated. Mr. Sinclair has been a member of the Otago agricultural and pastoral association for many years, and has occupied the position of its president. He was one of the organisers of the New Zealand manufacturers association, and continues to take a deep interest in that body. Mr. Sinclair was married in South Australia, and has two sons and two daughters.
, who represented South Ward in the City Council for many years, was first elected to that body in 1887. Mr. Hardy, who is an architect by profession, is referred to in that connection in another article.
entered the City Council in 1887, and represented the South Ward ratepayers until his retirement on the 11th of September, 1890. While on the Council he served on the general, public works, and water supply commitees. Mr. Kimbell was in business as a fruiterer in Princes Street for a considerable time, but afterwards left Dunedin.
, who was a member of the Dunedin City Council for Bell Ward, was elected to the Council in 1887, and returned at each recurring election from that date up to the time of his death, on the 27th of March, 1900. He was chairman of the Otago Benevolent Institution, for many years, and was a member of committee for several years before being elected to the chair. Mr. Solomon was born in London in 1834, educated in his native city, came out to Victoria in 1852, and after nine years in Melbourne he crossed over to New Zealand. In 1869 he established himself as a watchmaker, jeweller, and pawnbroker in George Street, and successfully conducted the business. He was a member of the Dunedin Charitable Aid Board, and held the Commission of the Peace for several years. Mr. Solomon was married in 1856, and left one son, the well known barrister and solicitor, Mr. Saul Solomon.
, who was elected to the Dunedin City Council in 1888, and reelected in 1890 and 1893, was, during his term of office, the acknowledged leader of the progressive party. He strongly advocated scientific drainage, a cheap gas supply, and tapping the head waters of the Waitati for an additional water supply. Mr. Cohen was the first to urge the municipalisation of the tram services, and has been at the head of the public library movement. In 1871 he unsuccessfully contested the mayoralty, being defeated by Mr. C. R. Chapman.
was first elected to the City Council in 1888, and served the ratepayers for about twelve years, during which he represented South and Leith Wards. He was also Mayor of Dunedin for a term, and is referred to as such in another article.
, who was a member of the City Council during the years 1888, 1891, and 1894, was born in Stirlingshire, Scotland, in 1835. He was brought up as a house painter, and has continuously followed the trade since his arrival in Dunedin in 1859. Mr. McGregor was a member of the Dunedin Licensing Committee for six years, of the Hortioultural Society for twenty-eight years, of the Arthur Street school committee for about seventeen years, and has also been a member of the Dunedin Benevolent and Charitable Aid Boards. He was married in Scotland, in 1857, to Miss Ann Anderson, of Dunfermline, a cousin of Andrew Carnegie, the American millionaire, and has three sons and three daughters.
represented the Leith Ward in the City Council from 1888 until his election as Mayor ten years later. He is further referred to among the ex-mayors of Dunedin.
represented Bell Ward in the City Council, and was returned at the head of the poll at the election held in December, 1890. He is referred to elsewhere as an ex-mayor of Dunedin, and also as a barrister and solioitor.
was elected to the City Council, in 1890, for Bell Ward; was re-elected in 1891, and retired on the 13th of September, 1894. Mr. Toomey was formerly a policeman, who had retired from the force. He owned property in houses and hotels. Mr. Toomey died suddenly in Dunedin some years ago.
, who was a member of the City Council for Leith Ward, from 1892 to the 13th of September, 1894, was born at Stranaer, Scotland, in 1829. He emigrated to Victoria, Australia, in 1854, and was for seven years engaged in business as a carrier in Melbourne; his chief trade being the conveyance of provisions from the city to the goldfields. In 1861 he arrived in Dunedin, where for about twenty years he was engaged in a similar calling. Early in the eighties Mr. Owen abandoned the carting business to establish himself as a provision merchant in the north-east part of the city. He continnued to trade there till 1900, when he sold out and retired into private life. Mr. Owen was for about two years a member of the Charitable Aid Board, and was one of the first members of the Dunedin Caledonian Society, and of the Burns Club. He was married, in 1883, to Miss Ellen Cotter, of Dunedin.
was elected to the City Council in 1894, and represented Bell Ward up to the time of his death. For many years he was a partner in the firm of Anderson and Morrison, but latterly he had carried on business on his own account, under the style of A. Morrison and Co. Mr. Morrison was an active member of the Caledonian Society, and also a Freemason. He died suddenly on the 31st of December, 1896, aged fifty-nine years.
sat in the City Council as a representative of High Ward, and was Mayor in 1894–95. He is elsewhere referred to in that connection, and also as having been senior member in the well known firm of Messrs Mason and Wales, arohiteots. Mr. Wales died on the 3rd of November, 1903.
, was elected to represent the ratepayers of High Ward in the Dunedin City Council in 1895, and again in 1898, and was returned unopposed on both occasions. He is elsewhere referred to as an ex-mayor of Dunedin, and as managing director of the well known firm of Scoullar and Chisholm, Limited.
, who sat for Leith Ward on the Dunedin City Council, was elected to that position in September, 1896. He was the eldest son of the late Mr. John Mouat, was born in Dunedin in 1868, and was educated at the Boys' High School and at the New Zealand University. He graduated B.A. in 1890, and LL.B. in 1892, when he was admitted to the practice of his profession. Mr. Mouat was law reporter to the Council of Law Reportin (Otago district), and solicitor for the Otago Licensed Victuallers' Association. As a volunteer, he served five years in the Dunedin Engineers, the last two years as lieutenant of the corps, and resigned in 1890. As a Druid Mr. Mouat
, was one of the three representatives of South Ward in the City Council, to which he was elected in 1897, and he subsequently occupied the mayoral chair for a term. Mr. Denniston is Consul for Belgium, and is more fully referred to in another article.
represented High Ward in the City Council, to which he was elected in 1897, and he was on the public works and reserves committees of that body. Mr. Miller is also a member of the committee of management of Dunedin Hospital, and is further referred to under that institution.
was elected to the City Council in 1897, as a representative of Bell Ward, and re-elected in 1900 and 1901. He became Mayor of the city in 1902, and is further referred to in that connection.
, who was elected to represent Leith Ward in the Dunedin City Council in 1898, and re-elected in 1901, is a native of New South Wales. He was born at Singleton in 1870, and is a son of the late Alexander MacKenzie Christopher, a large runholder, who died in 1872. His widowed mother then settled in Dunedin, where he was educated at private and public schools, chiefly the Albany Street public school. Shortly after leaving school he entered the office of the late Mr. Edward Cook, barrister and solicitor, and, later on, he spent five years with Mr. Fraser, now Crown Prosecutor for Otago. Towards the end of that term he was associated with Mr. Brinsley in the establishment of the now thriving firm of Messrs Brinsley and Co., range makers, and at the expiration of the fifth year with Mr. Fraser, he left to assist in the conduct of the business, of which he was one of the promoters. Three years later he sold his interest in the firm, and began on his own account as a commission agent; a calling which he still follows. In 1897 Mr., Christopher was appointed a Justice of the Peace, and in 1896 he was gazetted a Visiting Justice of Her Majesty's gaols. He has since resigned the Commission of the Peace. For several years Mr. Christopher took an active interest in politics as a member of the Dunedin Liberal Association. During the eighties and early nineties he was an active footballer, and was a member of the Union Football Club.
, who was elected to the Dunedin City Council, for Leith Ward, in 1838, and re-elected in 1899, was born in Roslyn, Dunedin, in 1866, and is the second son of the late Mr. Robert Howlison, builder, contractor, and architect. He was educated at All Saints' parochial school, and at the Dunedin Boys' High School, and after-wards entered the service of the City Corporation as a cadet in the water department, of which he subsequently became chief officer. In 1896 he resigned to join Mr. Cooke in his then newly-established business in Great King Street. From boyhood Mr. Howlison has taken a keen interest in almost every phase of sporting life in the city. He was a member of the High School Cadet Corps, and later on joined the Dunedin Artillery Volunteers, with which he was connected for two or three years. In 1878 he promoted the Zingari Football Club, of which he continued to be a member till its union with the Richmond Football Club, and he then joined the Pirates Football Club. As a cyclist he is well known throughout the colony, having many times appeared in competitive matches. He was one of the promoters of the Otago Cycling Club, and is now a member of the Dunedin Cycling Club.
, who is elsewhere referred to as Mayor of Dunedin, first entered the City Council in 1899, and was re-elected in 1901.
, who was elected to represent High Ward in the Dunedin City Council in 1900, and was relected, unopposed, in 1901, was, while a member of the Council, chairman of the Reserves Committee, and a member of the Water, Gas, General, Works, and Finance Committees. He was defeated for his ward at the general municipal election in 1903. In 1900 Mr. Muir was appointed to represent the City Council on the Ocean Beach Domain Board, on which he held a seat till June, 1903, when the pressure of journalistic duties compelled him to retire. He was gazetted a Justice of the Peace in 1899. Mr. Muir was born in Bendigo, Victoria, in 1852. He attended a public school for a short time in Bendigo, and at the age of nine accompanied his parents to Dunedin, where he completed his education at public and private schools. From boyhood he has been engaged, almost continuously, in newspaper work. He commenced his journalistic career in the printing department of the “Palmerston and Waikouaiti Herald” office, and subsequently found employment as a compositor in the offices of the “Otago Guardian” (Dunedin), and the “Bruce Herald” (Milton). In 1873 he entered into partnership with three others, and established the “Clutha Leader,” which was afterwards sold to a company. After spending a few years as a compositor in the printing department of the “Otago Daily Times,” Mr. Muir assisted in the establishment of the “Morning Herald,” with which he was connected for several years. He afterwards entered into partnership with Mr. Thomas Lawson, of Palmerston South, and leased the “Timaru Evening Mail,” and when that paper was disposed of to Mr. William Foden, Mr. Muir was employed to edit it. For several months Mr. Muir edited the “Ashburton Guardian” and “Ashburton Mail” for Major Steward (now Sir William Steward), and he was afterwards in succession sub-editor and editor of the “Evening Globe,” Dunedin. At a later period he joined the staff of the “Otago Daily Times,” on a special engagement, the result of which was a substantial increase to the city circulation of that journal. During the mining boom in Otago, Mr. Muir went into business as a sharebroker, and was elected to the position of chairman of the Equitable Stock Exchange. After the subsidence of the mining boom, he again returned to journalism as a member of the “Evening Star” staff, where he has occupied the positions of relieving sub-editor and general reporter. Mr. Muir was married, in February, 1879, to Miss Annie Black, fourth daughter of the late Alexander Black, farmer, of Chatton, Southland, and has five sons and one daughter.
was elected to the City Council on the 24th of April, 1901, as a representative for Leith Ward, and retired in April, 1903. Mr. Maitland is elsewhere referred to as a partner in the firm of Messrs Charles H. Tucker and Co.
As early as the year 1854—only about six years after the foundation of the settlement of Otago—a petition was presented to the Otago Provincial Council, then in its first session, setting forth the inconvenience and loss to the mercantile community caused by the landing of goods at Port Chalmers, and showing how desirable it was that all vessels entering the harbour should be able to get as close as possible to Dunedin. About the same time the General Government was petitioned to remove the custom house from Port Chalmers to Dunedin, and the request was accordingly granted. The Superintendent of the province of Otago was requested by resolution of the Council in 1855, to place a sum of money on the estimates providing for the survey of the upper harbour, and to direct the pilot to bring up, all vessels as near to Dunedin as possible. Till December, 1859, there was no harbourmaster for the port, the duties being performed by Mr. Logie, the collector of customs. Captain Thomson was, however, appointed harbourmaster at the above date, and commenced his duties on the 16th of January, 1860. The control of the port was vested in the Provincial Council of Otago, which voted money from time to time for the construction of jetties, and an effort was made to dredge certain channels so as to permit vessels to approach the town of Dunedin. About 1866, a dredge, the “New Era,” was procured, and for several years she was employed in cutting various channels, several of which, however, were afterward shown to have silted up. Meantime the city of Dunedin had developed considerably in point of population, and the business of the port had enormously increased. It was not, however, till early in the year 1873 that an angilation was commenced among the most energetic citizens, with a view to have the control of the harbour vested in a board of trustees, whose special duty should be the efficient management, and, above all the development of the port. The first public meeting having such objects in view was held on the 4th of March, 1873, Mr. E. B. Cargill
, J.P., M.L.C., Chairman of the Otago Harbour Board, was born in the parish of Ballin-ahinch, County Down, Ireland, in 1825. Mr. Gourley was attracted to the Australian gold diggings in 1852, and spent ten years in Victoria. He had some experience of gold mining, and was for several years working at his trade as a saddler, before crossing over to New Zealand. After twelve months on the goldfields of Otago, he settled in Dunedin and commenced business as a saddler. Subsequently Mr. Gourley went into the coaching business, and ran a line of coaches to and from Port Chalmers, and was one of the first to run cabs in Dunedin. In 1874 he added undertaking to his livery business. Mr. Gourley has been connected with local politics for many years; in 1881 he became a councillor of the borough of St. Kilda, of which he was mayor for thirteen years in succession. He entered the city council in 1885, and was elected mayor for
, one of the Government representatives on the Otago Harbour Board, was born in Stirlingshire, Scotland, where he learned the business of coach-building. For a few years he turned his attention to engineering, and worked with the firm that built the steamer “Pirate” (the first steamer to trade between Dunedin and Melbourne), and did a considerable portion of the fitting up of the machinery of that pioneer in her line. In 1854 Mr. Robin left Scotland to try his fortune in Victoria; where for seven years he worked at coachbuilding, and was one of the founders of the well known firm of Stevenson and Co., afterwards Stevenson and Elliot. Mr. Robin and a partner bought a twenty-ton schooner in 1863, with the object of trading in Fiji, but the excitement caused him to change his plans and come to Dunedin. For two years Mr. Robin and his partner traded between Dunedin and the adjacent ports; but, in 1865, Mr. Robin retired from that mode of life and laid the foundation of the coachbuilding business which has ever since been carried on by him. Since his settlement in Dunedin Mr. Robin has devoted a large portion of his time to the affairs of the city. One of the first of his public services was in connection with the widening of Princes Street. The citizens were much dissatisfied with the arbitration award made in that respect, and Mr. Robin and two other gentlemen, by getting the award set aside, were instrumental in saving the city the large sum of £11,000. Mr. Robin was a member of the first Railway Board of Appeal appointed by the Government. With the late Mr. James Macandrew and others Mr. Robin took an active part in the endeavour to prevent the abolition of the Provinces. He was a member of the City Council for several years; and was the first chairman of the Hospital and Charitable Aid Board—a position which he occupied for over ten years. Mr. Robin was one of the members of the first Licensing Committee for Bell Ward, and chairman of the committee; and was also for fourteen years a member of the Dunedin school committee, and its chairman for a considerable period. He has for nearly fifty years been a member of the Order of Oddfellows, and joined the Manchester Unity in 1854. He has been treasurer to the Otago District Lodge for thirty years.
, who for many years has been a prominent member of the Dunedin Harbour Board, is founder and senior partner of the firm of MacKerras and Hazlett. He was born in 1827 in Aberdeen, Scotland, and was educated at Grantown, Inverness-shire, where he commenced his mercantile career as a boy in a country store; after five years business experience in London, he came out to Geelong, Victoria, in September, 1851. Mr. MacKerras went into commercial life in that town and continued in business till coming to Otago in 1862. Arriving in Port Chalmers in that year with a partner, he established the well-known business which has for so long been conduct under the style of MacKerras and Hazlett. He was the first member elected to the Dunedin harbour board in 1885. Since then he has sat continuously on the board. He has been chairman of the finance committee for some years, and generally has used his influence and abilities to further the interests of the port. For many years he has been an active member of the chamber of commerce, and was its president for the year 1884–5. Mr. MacKerras has greatly assisted in the development of the industries of Otago, notably as a director of the Kaitangata Railway and Coal Company, Ltd., and other companies. Mr. MacKerras was married in 1860 to a daughter of Mr. Murdo Jaffary, of Budget Cawdor, Nairnshire, Scotland, and has six daughters and one son.
, J.P., one of the Government members of the Otago Harbour Board, and sometime Mayor of West Harbour, is a well known draper in Princes Street, Dunedin. For a number of years he was identified with the borough council of West Harbour as a councillor, and for several consecutive terms he occupied the Mayor's chair. Mr. Ross has also taken an active part in many other local matters, and has been commodore of the Ravensbourne yacht club, and president of the Ravensbourne boating club and football club.
, who is one of the Government members of the Otago Harbour Board, is referred to in another article as a member of the Legislative Council.
, a Member of the Otago Harbour Board, represented the district of Wakatipu in the House of Representatives for the years 1881–93. He has been many years a member of the committee of the Agricultural and Pastoral Society; he was one of the originators of the Agricultural Hall, and has been chairman of the committee since its inception. Mr. Fergus took a prominent part in connection with the Otago Jubilee Exhibition, and was vice-president and chairman of the executive and general committees. He has been a member of the Dunedin Jockey club for many years, and had a seat on the education board for a lengthened period. He is also a director of several local companies, notably the New Zealand Minerals company, Kaitangata Railway and Coal commpany, Standard Fire and Marine Insurance company, and is chairman of directors of the Hartley and Riley Dredging company, Bakery Flat Hydraulic Sluicing company (Waipori), Moonlight No. 2 Hydraulic Sluicing company (Wakatipu), and many others. Mr. Fergus is further referred to at pages 83–84 of the Wellington volume of this work, as having been a member of Sir Harry Atkin-son's Government.
, one of the members who represnt the city of Dunedin on the Otago Harbour Board, was elected to that body on the 21st of January, 1904. Mr. Duthie, who is a native of Otago, joined the firm of Messrs James Duthie and
is one of the two members who represent the city of Dunedin on the Otago Harbour Board. He is referred to in other articles as a former Mayor of Dunedin, and also as a former member of Parliament.
, one of the repre-sentatives for Port Chalmers on the Otago Harbour Board, was born at Dalkeith, Scotland, in 1844. His father, the late Mr. John Thomson, one of the pioneers of Otago, whom he accompanied to New Zealand, in 1848 in the ship “Blundell,” was for many years Sheep Inspector in Otago, died at his residence, Dalkeith, Port Chalmers, in 1895 Mr. Thomson was educated at Port Chalmers, and afterwards followed mercantile pursuits for some years. On the breaking out of the gold rush he gave up business, and was for some time at Gabriel's Gully, and, later on the West Coast. He returned to Port Charmers and joined the Customs Department at the Port, but retired from the Government service during the retrenchments of 1880. Mr. Thomson then entered business as a licensed victualler, and carried on as such until 1892, when he disposed of his hotel interests. Since then he has carried on a commission and general agency business at the Port. During the many years of his residence at Port Chalmers Mr. Thomas has been always identified with the progress of the town, and has taken a leading part in all municipal matters. He was a member of the Borough Council for six years, and Mayor for the years 1902 and 1903. During his Mayoralty the handsome rotunda in commemoration of the accession of King Edward the Seventh was erected. For over ten years he has represented Port Chalmers on the Harbour Bad. He has been a member of the Dock Trust since 1899, and was acting-chairman in 1903. Mr. Thomson is a member of the Hospital and Charitable Aid Board, Hospital and Benevolent Trustees, and of the Port Chalmers school committee. He has been an Oddfellow since 1866, and has gone through all the chairs, and became a Freemason in 1881.
, one of the Port Chalmers members of the Otago Harbour Board, is elsewhere referred to as member for Chalmers in the House of Representatives.
is one of the members who represent Port Chalmers on the Otago Harbour Board. He was born at Pete
, J.P., Member of the Otago Harbour Board, was born in 1839 in the parish of Liberton, near Edinburgh. Educated at the Edinburgh High School, he entered an insurance office. On completing his course of study, and after serving two or three years, he came out to New Zealand in 1859 by the ship “Alpine,” landing at Port Chalmers. For three years prior to the opening up of the Otago Goldfields, Mr. Begg was in the office of Messrs. Young and McGlashan, merchants; he then commenced farming at Clutha, remaining on the property four years. The original land, purchased at this time, now forms part of his station known as “Williamburn.” Returning to Dunedin in 1866. Mr. Begg became manager for a pastoral firm, Messrs. Dougtas, Alderson and Co., and in 1870 established his present business. For many years Mr. Begg has been prominent as a citizen, and has done a great deal more than his share in relation to local governing bodies. In Roslyn, he filled the civic chair for eight years consecutively, and still holds a seat on the Council; for nine years he was a member of the Otago Education Board, and at the time of writing is a member of the Harbour Board, Charitable Aid Board, and the Dunedin Licensing Committee; of the Otago Acclimatisation Society he is president, and had previously filled the office of vice-president for fifteen years. A member of the Prebyterian Church, Mr. Begg has a seat on the Board of Property, and is convener of the finance committee of the Synod of the Church of Otago and Southland. He is an ardent prohibitionist, and a member of the local Prohibition Council. In 1869 he was a candidate for the House of Representatives for Dunedin City, but was defeated. Mr. Begg was married in 1867 to a daughter of Mr. Peter Clarke, of Mossfield, Clinton, and has five sons and three daughters.
, who represents the Borough of West Harbour and North-East Valley on the Otago Harbour Board, was born at Brechin, Forfarshire, Scotland, and for a number of years carried on a bookselling and publishing business in Edinburgh. Owing to failing health, caused by a too close application to business, Mr. Barclay, on the recommendation of his medical adviser, left Scotland and came to Otago in 1881. He settled at Ravensbourne shortly after his arrival and started his present business, which has been progressively successful. Mr. Barclay was for six years continuously Mayor of the borough of West Harbour, where many improvements were undertaken and carried out during his term of officer. He has been a member of the Otago
, for some time a Member of the Otago Harbour Board for the city of Dunedin, was born in Scotland, and came to Dunedin by the ship “Timaru” in 1879. For some years after his arrival he worked as a journeyman at his trade, and in 1886 entered business on his own account as a builder and contractor. Mr. Simpson was a member of the first Drainage Board, but retired with several other members, as a protest against the way the affairs of that body were conducted. He was nine years a member and two years chairman of the Arthur Street school committee. On the 3rd of December, 1903. Mr. Simpson was elected a member of the Harbour Board, to fill the vacancy caused by the death of Mr. John Carroll. At the biennial election on the 21st of January, 1904, his nomination was handed in five minutes too late, and was therefore declared informal.
, M.I.C.E., Secretary, Treasurer, and Engineer to the Dunedin Harbour Board, and formerly engineer to the Westport Harbour Board, is the third surviving son of the late Dr T. E. Rawson, M.D., of New Plymouth. He was born in London, in 1851, came out to New Zealand in 1859, and was educated at the grammar schools of Auckland and New Plymouth, and at Nelson Colege. Mr. Rawson entered the Public Works Department as an engineering cadet in 1872, and was engaged on extensive road and railway works in North Otago and South Canterbury, and in the Wanganni, Manawatu, and Taranaki districts. He conducted exploration surveys over about forty miles of difficult country, and finally located the line, and supervised the construction of about thirty miles of railway in the Wanganui district. In 1891 he was transferred to Greymouth as resident engineer and engineer to the Greymouth Harbour Board, and while in that position he completed the Greymouth-Hokitika railway, and extended the Greymouth breakwater. Mr. Rawson was transferred, in 1894, to Westport as resident engineer and engineer to the Westport Harbour Board, and while so engaged he completed the railway line to Mokihinui, and carried out extensive harbour works, including training walls, dredging, and wharves He was appointed to his present position in November, 1898.
, Harbourmaster and Piermaster for the Otago Harbour Board, was born in Argylshire, Scotland, and arrived in New Zealand from Victoria in 1861. He was gazetted Railway Piermaster for Port Chalmers in 1873; two years later he was appointed by the Harbour Board as Deputy Harbourmaster, and received his present appointment in 1893.
The Dunedin Licensing Commitee, which was elected in March, 1903, consists of five elected members, the local Stipendiary Magistrate being chairman, ex officio. The committee issues and regulates licenses under the Alcoholic Liquors Sale Control Act, and exercises supervision over the conduct of hotels within the Dunedin city licensing district. In 1894, reduction having been carried in the Dunedin electorate, a staunch temperance party was elected to the licensing committee, which, accordingly, not only refused a large number of hotel and bottle licenses, but effected considerable improvement in the conduct of the trade. The present committee is exercising its full powers in the interests of the temperance reforms movement; thirteen hotel licenses have been refused, ten o'clock closing has been enforced, proper fire escape facilities have been provided, and other reforms in the administration of the licensing laws are being vigorously prosecuted. The chairman of the committee is Mr. E. H. Carew, S. M., and the elected members are: Mr. D. C. Cameron, Dr. B. E. de Lautour, Rev. W. A. Sinclair, and Messrs A. C. Begg and J. A. Wilkinson.
, Chairman, ex-office, of the Dunedin Licensing Committee, is referred to in another article as Stipendiary Magistrate for Dunedin.
, a member of the Dunedin Licensing Committee, is more fully referred to as a member of the Otago Harbour Board.
, who was elected to the Dunedin Licensing Committee in March. 1903 has for many years taken a prominent part in the work of temperance reform in Dunedin. He was the proprietor and manager of the “Temperance Herald,” and of its successor the “Temperance Standard” which were in circulation in Dunedin and throughout the colony for about twenty-three years. Mr. Cameron was born in Inverness, Scotland in 1850, and as a boy sailed with his parents and a brother and sister for Victoria, where for a short time he attended the public schools in Geelong. At the age of twelve he arrived in Dunedin, and after completing his education at the public schools there he served his apprenticeship to the cabinetmaking business, which he relinquished upon being specially urged, in 1875 to accept the position of Grand Secretary of the Good Templar Order. Later on, however, he also turned his attention to journalism and commercial life and in this capacity has done good service for the temperance cause. Mr. Cameron is the lessee of the Choral Hall, and he is still the Grand Secretary for New Zealand for the for the Independent Order of Good Templars. For about thirty years he has also been an active member of the Independent Order of Rechabites, and the Sons and Daughters of Temperance Benefit Societies. He was married, in 1874 to Miss C. McNeil, of Dunedin, and has nine sons and three daughter. Mrs Cameron is also an enthusiastic temperance workers, and for some years has been G.S.J.T. of the Independent Order of Good Templars.
, M.R.C.S., Eng. who was elected a member of the Dunedin Licensing Commitee in March 1903 is the present President of the United Temperance Reform Council of Dunedin. He was born in the province of Bengal India, in 1851 and is the youngest son of the late Mr. Edward de Lautour, formerly a Judge of the Supreme Court in Calcutta. He was educated in England, first at Cheltenham College, Gloucester, afterwards at Edinburgh University, where he matriculated and finally at King's College Hospital, London. Shortry after gaining the degree of M.R.C.S., in 1877, Dr de Lautour commenced to practice his profession for New Zealand. He gained his first colonial experience in Port Chalmers, where he practised for five years, and then removed to Tapanui, in the Clutha district, where he remained for fourteen years. During that long period he was closely associated with public life in the district, and was instrumental in obtaining for it a local high school, which was the first of the many country high schools now established in various parts of the colony. Dr de Lautour commenced practice in Stuart Street, Dunedin early in 1901, and has now a very large connection. In 1891 he was married to Miss Dollina Forbes, of Dunedin, and has several children.
, who was elected a member of the Dunedin Licensing Committee in March, 1903, is vice-president of the Dunedin United Temperance Reform Council, a member of the Dunedin Society for the Protection of Women and Children, and President of the Dunedin Council of Churches. Mr. Sinclair was born in 1868, in Christchurch, and is a son of Mr. James Sinclair, who now lives in retirement there. He was educated at the public schools and afterwards spent six years in the teaching profession, which he left in 1888 to study for the Wesleyan ministry. Shortly afterwards he went to Auckland and matriculated at the Wesley College, Three Kings, and later on attended the Auckland University for two years. Mr. Sinclair was then appointed to take charge of the Wesleyan circuit at Hastings. Hawke's Bay, and afterwards held a similar position in the Tauranga district. In 1895 he took charge of the Helping Hand Mission in Freeman's Bay, Auckland, and, after four years successful ministry, he became Superintendent of the Dunedin Methodist Central Mission. Mr. Sinclair was married, in 1896, to Miss Ormiston, daughter of the late Mr. Ormiston, of Auckland, and has two children.
, who was elected a member of the Dunedin Licensing Committee in March, 1903 has been for many years closely identified with the temperance movement in Otago. Mr. Wilkinson is a son of Mr. Alfred Wilkinson, engineer, and was born in Dunedin in 1867. He was educated at the local public schools, and afterwards trained to the wood-turning trade in Dunedin and Christchurch. In 1888, in partnership with his brother, Mr. James H. Wilkinson, he took over the business formerly conducted by his father. Mr. Wilkinson is an office-bearer in the King Street Congregational Church, and has for several years been a member of the Otago District Committee of the New Zealand Congregational Union. He was married, in November, 1891, to Miss J. M. Abernethy, of Dunedin, and has one son and one daughter.
consists of nine members, and was inaugurated in December, 1900, as the controlling body of the Dunedin Drainage and Sewerage District, which was constituted by a special Act, passed in October of the same year. A re-election took place in 1902 when the following members were returned; Mr Robert Glendining (Chairman), Dr Mille Coughtrey (Vice-Chairman), Hon, Hugh Gourley, M.L.C., and Messrs R. M. Clark, J. H. Hancock, J.P., William Burnett, J.P., and James Gore. Mr. J. T. Nobel Anderson is the engineer, and has for his assistants Messrs W. A. Smith, B.Sc., and N. R. Fisher, B.Sc. Up to the years 1900 the sewage from the city of Dunedin had been drained into the Otago Harbour, but in that year the city was merged in the drainage district, which comprises an area of 14,000 acres, and has a population of 55,000; and a short time afterwards it was resolved to construct a thoroughly efficient and up-to-date system of drainage throughout the district. The system, now in course of construction, will convey the debris by means of one main interceping sewer and two storm-water outfalls, to the ocean; the chief ocean outfall will be situated one mile to the east of Lawyer's Head, at the reef, known as Bird Island, which projects about half a mile beyond the beach into deep water. The main intercepting sewer is 5 feet 6 inches in diameter, and will deliver the sewage into a large suction basin, whence it will be pumped to the ocean through two conduits. The pumping station is situated at Musselburgh, and affords 100 horse-power, with a stand-by provision for four times that power. In the construction of larger sized sewers and drains the Monier system of re-enforced concrete has been largely used. Those parts of the distric which cannot be connected by combined drain and sewer with the pumping station, are supplied with large detritus tanks, 25 feet in diameter by 40 feet deep, in which the drainage from the locality is to be clarified. These tanks are the largest yet built of the design, their use being rendered possible only by the adaptation of the method of hydraulie elevation, so much used on the New Zealand goldfields, to sewage purposes; an entirely new departure in sanitary engineering. The cost of the new drainage is estimated at £195,000, and, in addition to this, it is proposed to expend a large sum of public money in advancing loans to householders, with the object of assisting them to establish an efficient system of house connections, the present house-to-house drainage being of a very primitive nature. The main works of the Drainage Board will be completed in the early part of 1906, but the house connections will not reach completion till considerably later. The old drainage system will still be refained, chiefly as an euxiliary in times of extraordinarily heavy rain-falls. The present water supply will be insufficient for the requirements of the Drainage Board, which however, is entitled, by a provision in the Drainage Act, to construct water works. There is, therefore, little doubt that the Board's operations will have to include a large water supply scheme for the benefit of those parts of the district which are not supplied by the present system. The chief engineer. Mr. J. T. Noble Anderson, has already made investigations of the Lee Stream district with a view to obtaining the necessary supply at a high level. This district is a silurian formation similar to the watersheds of Manchester. Liverpool Birmingham, and Dublin, which afford the purest supplies in the world. The Board is making an adventurous departure in adopting the newly invented Diesel engines, in place of the steam engines in common use for pumping sewerage. The Diesel engines, which were first used eight years ago by Messrs F. Krupp, of Essen, are worked by the combustion of gasiflied oil fuel, and are therefore internal combustion heat engines. The engines ordered by the Drainage Board are the first of the kind to be shipped for the Southern Hemisphere. The plant ordered consists of two 200-horse-power Diesel engines driving three 27-inch centrifugal pumps, each capable of raising over 17,000,000 gallons per diem; and the combined capacities of the whole plant for storm water discharge is 50,000,000 gallons per diem.
, Chairman of the Dunedin Drainage and Sewerage Board, is well known throughout the colony as one of the founders of the extensive firm of Messrs Ross and Glendining. He was born in Dumfries, Scotland, in 1842. After completing a public school education in his native place, he served an apprenticeship to the drapery trade, and in 1862 Sailed in the ship “Evening Star” for Dunedin. In August of the same year he and his present partner. Mr. John Ross, established a drapery business, which was sold four years later to Messrs Brown, Ewing and Company. Mr. Glendining then in conjunction with Mr. Ross founded the present business of Messrs Ross and Glendining which now has branches in all parts of the colony. Mr. Glendining is one of the Commissioners of the Dunedin City Sinking Fund, a member of the Otago Patriotic Fund Committee, a director of the National Insurance Company Local Director for the Mutual Life Association of Australia, and a director of the Pertion of Australia, and a director of the Perpetual Trustees Estate and Agency Company of New Zealand, Limited, and of various mining companies. He is an elder of Knox Presbyterian Church, and a member of the Church Board of Property. Mr. Glendining was married, in Melbourne, in 1867, to Miss Mary Cassels, of Dunedin, and has two sons and two daughther. One of the sons is the manager of the Roslyn Worsted and Woollen Mills, and the other is employed in the head office of the firm of Messrs Ross and Glendining. “Nithvale.” Mr. Glendining's private residence, is prettily situated in the North-East Valley, and has beautiful sylvan surroundings.
, Deputy-Chairman of the Dunedin Drainage and Sewerage Board, is further referred to in the medical section of this volume.
, one of the members of the Drainage and Sewerage Board, was born in New South Wales on the 14th of November, 1843, is father being a cadet of the ancient
Scottish family of Burnett of Barns, in Peebleshire. He was educated in England at Blackheath school, and was captain of the famous Blackheath Football Club for the first two sessions of its existence. Mr. Burnett was brough up to mercantile life in the office of Messrs Dalget and Co., London. In 1863 he came out to Melbourne, by the ship “Suffolk”, and was on the Lima station for two years. when he
, a member of the Drainage and Sewerage Board, is further referred to in this volume as manager of the south British Insurance Company.
, a member of the Drainage and Sewerage Board, is referred of elsewhere as one of the Dunedin City Councillors, and as a former member of Parliament.
, one of the members of the Drainage and Sewerage Board, is further referred to as chairman of the Otago Harbour Board.
, J.P., one of the original members of the Dunedin Drainage and Sewerage Board, was re-elected in 1893. He was born in Cornwall, England, in 1851, and educated at the national school in the village of Menheniot, near Liskeard. In 1879 he came out to the Sydney Exhibition, and soon afterwards continued his voyage to Dunedin, where for the following two years he was travelling agent for the National Mutural and Australian Mutual Provident Insurance Societies. Mr. Hancock bought his present business at Kensington, Dunedin, in 1881 and has since been successfully engaged as a general grocer, coal and wood merchant, and oatmeal miller. Mr Hancock has figured in all public matter connected with Caversham. For thirteen years he was a member of the Caversham Borough Council, and twice occupied the Mayoral chair, and for six years he has represented the three boroughs of Caversham, South Dunedin and St. Kilda on the Ocean Beach Domain Board, of which he is now chairman. He was also chairman of the St. Clair public school committee for two years, and secretary for three years. As a Freemason he is connected with Lodge No. 844, English constitution; he is District Grand Treasurer, and Past District Grand Senior Master, and has been twice Master of his Lodge. Mr. Hancock was married to a Devonshire lady, in 1879, and has eight children. He is an enthusiastic bowler, and resides at St. Clair.
, a member of the Dunedin Drainage and Sewarage Board, is referred to in another section of this Volume.
was elected a member of the Dunedin Drainage and Sewerage Board, on the 20th of January, 1904. He is referred to in another article as Mayor of Dunedin.
, Engineer to the Dunedin Drainage and Sewerage Board, is a son of the late Rev. Samuel Anderson. Vicar of Upper Fals, Belfast. Ireland. His mother was a daughter of Mr Nelson Foley, of Ballygally, High Sheriff of County Waterford, and was descended from the founder of the steel industry of England, Richard Foley, of Stourbridgeseveral of whose descendants have gained distinction in the Old World in the science of engineering. The Anderson family were noted Jacobites, but, through the changes of time, have become strong supporters of Conservative party. Mr. Anderson's brother, Professor Cliffe Anderson of Sheffield and Burghfield, in Berkshire, is well known as a platform orator in connection with politics in England. Mr. Anderson was born near Belfast, and educated, primarily, at the Royal Academical Institution, and Queen's College and subsequently at the Royal University, Dublin; at college he was a senior scholar of his year, and graduated in arts and engineering. He was afterwards engaged in the Belfast Main Drainage Works, the Belfast Water Works, and the Manchester Water Works, and later on commenced a private practice in Belfast, which he conducted till his departure for Victoria, Australia, in 1889. In 1890 he returned to the Old Country, and during his brief sojourn there he obtained several engineering commissions in connection with sewerage and water supply in Holland. Mr. Anderson returned to Victoria in 1891
, B.S.c., M.E., A.O.U.S.M., Assistant Engineer and Surveyor to the Dunedin Drainage and Sewerage Board, is the sixth son of Mr. Thomas R. Fisher, General Manager of the Standard Insurance Company of New Zealand. He was born in Christchurch, Canterbury, in May, 1878, and at an early age, accompanied his parents to Dunedin, where he was educated at primary schools, the Otago Boys' High School, and, finally, at the Otago University, where at the School of Mines, he made a special study of mining engineering, under the late Professor Ulrich, and in 1900 gained diplomas of Associate in Mining, and Metallurgical Chemist and Assayer. Two years later he graduated B.Sc., M.E., being the first in the colony to obtain that degree. Mr. Fisher spent a considerable time at the various centres of the mining industry throughout the colony, gaining practical experience in his profession, and was also engaged for some time on civil engineering work. He became assistant engineer to the Dunedin Drainage and Sewerage Board in June, 1902, and seven months later was promoted to the position of assistant engineer and surveyor. Mr. Fisher is well known in athletic circles. He captained both the cricket and football clubs at the Otago High School, and was subsequently a prominent member of the Otago University Football and Carisbrook Cricket Clubs.
has many reserves which possess a beauty of their own. The most important are the Botanicat Gardens, which are situated at the northern end of the town. They consist of forty acres of beautifully laid out grounds, with some of the finest specimens of deciduous trees in New Zealand. The gardens are surrounded by the waters of Leith and Lindsay's Creek, separating the level ground from the hill reserve, which is covered with native bush, and from which a fine view of the city and harbour may be obtained. Two artificial lakes. alive with waterfowl, a band-stand and rustic kiosk ornament the grounds. The other reserves are the Southern Recreation ground and Jubilee Park, each with twenty-five acres, the Museum reserve of three acres, the Octagon, one acre. Queen's Triangle, one and threequarter acres, and the southern Market Reserve, three acres. The Town Belt contains five hundred acres, thirty of which are planted with trees and shrubs. Some years ago a start was made in laying out gardens in the native bush at Woodhaugh. Artificial lakes have been excavated and are fed from the water of Leith and this promises in time to be one of the beauty spots of Dunedin.
, Superintendent of the Botanical Gardens was born at Tarbolton, Ayrshire, Scotland, in 1872. He acquired his scientific knowledge in the Glasgow Technical College, and at the Royal Gardens, Kew, where he was engaged for three years, When Dr. Morris, C.M.G., Assistant Director of Kew, was appointed Commissioner of the Imperial Department of Agriculture for the West Indies Mr. Tannock accompanied him as officer in charge of the agricultural school at Dominca, Leeward Islands. Five years later, on the recommendation of Sir Willliam Thistleton Dyer. K.C.M.G., he was appointed to his present position, out of nearly one hundred applicants. Since Mr. Tannock came to Dunedin, the Botanical Gardens, and indeed all the reserves under his charge, have shown marked signs of improvement.
In New Zealand the volunteer system is the mainstay of defence, and there is only a small permanent military force of artillery and submarine miners. The colony possesses a more or less complete system of fortifications, armed with expensive ordinance, which requires a more regular and constant attention than could well be bestowed by those who devote only a portion of their time to military affairs. Hence it has been found necessary to institute these small permanent forces, whose chief duty it is to man the fortifications and keep the armaments therein in a state of efficiency, so as to be ready for any emergency. At the same time, it is expected that they will prove the nucleus for an effective defence force should hostilities occur. The greater portion of the forces, therefore, consists of volunteers. First, there are the Royal New Zealand Artillery and Royal New Zealand and Royal New Zealand Engineers, and then the auxiliary forces of volunteers, comprising Mounted Rifles, Garrison, and Field Artillery, Submarine Miners, Engineers, Rifle, Clubs. Major-General Babington, an Imperial officer, is Commandant of the Forces. The Otago Militia and Volunteer district includes the sub-district of North Otago and Southland, and is commanded by Lieutenant-colonel Robin. The total number of all ranks—officers, non-commissioned officers, and men—is 4500.
Volunteering in Otago began in 1860. when there was some apprehension of trouble between America and the Mother Country. A public meeting was held on the 23rd of July, 1860, at the old Supreme Court, Dunedin, at which there was a large attendance, and Major Richardson, afterwards Superintendent of Otago, presided. The outcome was the formation and enrolment of a corps, named the Otago Volunteers. Lieutenant Junor, sometime of the Imperial Life Brigade, assumed command, and with the help of Mr. John Wilson, senior, and old 79th man, instructed and drilled the corps. The first drill ground was in the yards of the old police barracks, but parades were afterwards held on Bell Hill, where first Church now stands. Major Richardson was appointed as the first Commanding Officer of the Militia and Volunteer District, in April, 1862, and was succeeded by Major John Cargill in September, 1864. In 1863 the Government requested the Otago Volunteer Company to nominate and appoint officers, as from its inception it had been under the sole command of Lieutenant Junor. Accordingly, Captain Moss, Lieutenant Leggatt, Ensign Jackson, and Surgeon H. W. P. Smith were elected as officers of the corps, which was re-named No.1 Company Otago Volunteers. This company paraded at Ocean Beach on the Queen's Birthday, 1863, to shoot for some Government prizes, when the uniform worn was a blue jumper and a peaked cap. On the 4th of July, of the same year, they appeared in a real uniform, consisting of a grey tunic ornamented with black braid, and a French peaked cap. On that occasion they marched to the Water of Leith, where they planted two oak trees in commemoration of the marrriage of the present King, then Prince of Wales. An artillery corps, now the B Battery, was formed in June, 1863 under the command of Captain Ross. The want of a large gun was soon felt by this corps. Guns of large calibre in those days were comparatively unknown, and difficult to obtain. The obstacle was overcome by the genius of a local carpenter who manufactured a large wooden cannon, which, although not so effective as a modern breach-loader, was sufficient for the requirments of the corps. This old-time trophy now occupies an honourded place in the Garrison Hall, Dunedin. In July, 1863, another company was formed, known as the No. 2 Scottish Otago Volunteers, of which Mr. John Cargill was the first captain. A naval brigade, now the No. 2 Company of New Zealand Garrison Artillery Volunteers, was sworn in on the 12th of February, 1864, with Mr. Robert Paterson as the first captain. The City Guards came into existence in 1836 and in the year following, amalgamated with the No. 1 Company Otago Volunteers, under the name of No. 1 Company City Guards Captain Moss retained command of the amalgamated corps, with Lieutenant Davis and Ensign Wales as subalterns. The corps is now known as the Dunedin City Guards. In July, 1866, the 1st Battalion of Otago Rifle Volunteers was formed, consisting of the No. 1 Company City Guards, No. 2 Scottish, North Dunedin Rifles, Waikari Rangers. and the South District Rangers. Colonel John Cargill, Major John Bathgate, and Surgeon Edward Hulme were staff officers. The Dunedin School Rifle Cadets, formed in 1865, under the captaincy of Major Richardson, were attached to the Battalion in October, 1866. The cause of Volunteering has continued to expand, with periods of ebb and flow, up to the present time. The outbreak of hostilities in South Africa was responsible for an unprecedented enrolment in the various corps in Dunedin, and elsewhere througout the colony, and the service rendered by the New Zealand Contingents during the war gave rise to a martial enthusiasm, which did not pass away with the occasion.
, C.B., Officer Commanding of the Otago Military and Volunteer District, is a son of Mr. James Robin, an old colonist of Otago, who is else where referred to in connection with the Otago Harbour Board. He entered the the volunteer service on leaving the Dunedin Boys' High School, and for some time commanded the Otago Hussars. He was Captain of the Diamond Jubilee Contingent which visited England in 1897, and, on the return of the contingent assumed command of the 1st Regiment of the Otago Mounted Rifles, and was appointed Staff Officer and Instructor for the South Island Mounted Troops in 1898. Colonel Robin commanded the First, Second, and Third New Zealand Contingents in South Africa, during the Boer war from October, 1899 to May. 1901 On his return from South Africa he was appointed to the command of the Otago military district. For his service during the South African war. Colonel Robin was created a Companion of the Bath.
, Royal New Zealand Artillery, District Adjutant and Staff Officer, joined the Royal New Zealand Artillery in 1900 as a cadet. Having passed the necessary examinations, he received his commission as a subaltern in December, 1901, and on his return from South Africa with the Ninth Contingent, was appointed Staff Officer to Colonel Robin for the district of Otago.
, of the Royal New Zealand Artillery, commanding the Dunedin Detachment of the New Zealand Permanent Force, was born in Croydon, England, in 1878, and came to New Zealand in 1883. He was educated at Christchurch Cathedral School, joined the Christchurch City Guards in 1895, and was appointed cadet in the New Zealand Permanent Militia in 1898. After passing the necessary examination he was commissioned as lieutenant in 1900. In the same year he went to England, and was attached to the Royal Garrison Artillery in the Isle of Wight and Portsmouth till the end of 1900. Lieutenant Gard'ner subsequently went through the long course of gunnery at the School of Gunnery at Shoeburyness, and obtained a first class certificate as an instructor in gunnery and in range and position finding. He afterwards went through a special course of testing small arm ammunition, at the Inspection Branch of the Royal Arsenal, Woolwich. He has been in command of the Dunedin detachment since March, 1903.
. There are five Garrison Artillery Corps in the North Island and five in the South Island, comprising in all a total of fifty officers and 917 rank and file. They go into camp annually for sixteen days. No. 1 Company is located at Auckland, No. 2 Company at Dunedin, No. 3 Company at Port Chalmers, No. 4 Company at Wellington, No. 5 Company at Lyttelton, No. 6 Company at Petone, No. 7 Company at Lyttelton, No. 8 Company at Ponsonby, No. 9 Company at Devonport, and No. 10 Company at Westport.
, who commands the Dunedin Division of the New Zealand Artillery Volunteers, received his first military experience at Home. In 1891 he was appointed to the command of the Dunedin Naval Artillery Volunteers, and a few years later became major. He was promoted to his prsent rank in December, 1902, and shortly afterwards, on the establishment of the New Zealand Garrison Artillery Volunteers, he was given command of the Dunedin division. Lieutenant-Colonel Allen is more fully referred to in another section of this volume as member for Bruce in the House of Representatives.
, Divisional Staff, New Zealand Garrison Artillery Volunteers, first joined the North Dunedin School Cadets in 1876, and the High School Cadets in 1881. He belonged to the Dunedin Navals for two years and a half, but resigned in 1886, and removed to Cromwell, where he joined the Cromwell Rifles, and rose to the rank of lieutenant before the disbandment of the corps in 1890. In 1891 he returned to Dunedin, where he joined the Dunedin Navals in 1893 with the rank of lieutenant, and in 1902 became Captain and Adjutant of the Dunedin Division of the New Zealand Garrison Artillery Volunteers. Captain Strong had charge of the Garrison Artillery section of the New Zealand Contingent present at the opening of the Commonwealth Parliament. As a Freemason he is a Past Master of Lodge St. John Kilwinning, 682, Scottish Constitution.
was first formed in 1862, as the Dunedin Naval Brigade, and afterwards altered to Dunedin Naval Artillery; still later, the corps acquired its present name. It was originally commanded by Captain Paterson, and then, successively, by Captain Stavely (who became Officer Commanding the district in 1876), Captain G. R. Smith, Captain James Allen, M.H.R., and Captain J.A.P. Frederic, who now holds the command. The other officers are: Surgeon Captain Fulton, Lieutenants D'Arey Haggitt, W.J. Swindley, A. Hellyer, and P. Doull.
of No. 2 Company New Zealand Garrison Artillery Volunteers, was born and educated at Dunedin. He first joined the Dunedin Naval Artillery in 1887 as trumpeter, and rising through the various grades, was appointed lieutenant in 1896. He is now Captain Commanding in his company. Captain Fredric took the course at the Military School of Instruction in 1902, when he passed with the high figures of 83 per cent, and is classified P.S. He is manager of one of the departments in the firm of Messrs Michaelis, Hallenstein, and Farquhar, Dunedin.
, of No. 2 Company New Zealand Garrison Artillery Volunteers, is a son of Mr. D'Arcy Haggitt, solicitor, Dunedin. He was born in Dunedin, and educated at the Boys' High School, joined his present corps in 1902, as
, of No. 2 Company New Zealand Garrison Artillery Volunteers, is the son of Captain Swindley of Coromandel. He was born in Auckland, but subsequently resided in Invercargill, where he joined the Bluff Navals as lieutenant, and on his removal to Dunedin he joined the Dunedin Navals. In 1901 he joined the Oamaru Rifles as lieutenant, and on his return to Dunedin, in 1903, was elected lieutenant of his present company. Mr. Swindley is a dentist by profession, and carries on business in the Octagon, Dunedin.
, of No. 2 Company New Zealand Garrison Artillery Volunteers, is the youngest son of Mr. A. Hellyer, of Dunedin. He was born in 1882, and joined the B Battery in 1899, and left with the rank of sergeant. He was elected lieutenant of his present company in September, 1903. Lieutenant Hellyer has always taken a keen interest in athletics, and is a member of the Otago Rowing Club and the Dunedin Football Club. He occupies a position in the warehouse of Messrs Sargood, Son, and Ewen.
, of No. 2 Company New Zealand Garrison Artillery Volunteers, was born in the Shetland Islands, and came with his parents to Dunedin in 1875. He entered the Customs there in 1892, and joined the naval volunteers the same year, but resigned on being transferred to Wellington in 1896. Two years later he returned to Dunedin, and was elected lieutenant to his present company in September, 1903.
has its headquarters at Port Chalmers. It dates its formation from the 28th of February, 1886. As at present constituted it has a total strength of eighty-eight. The officers of the corps are Captain N. Dodds, and Lieutenants Crawford and McDonald.
, of No. 3 Company New Zealand Garrison Artillery Volunteers (Port Chalmers Naval Artillery) was born at Kelso, Scotland, where he was educated and served an apprenticeship to his profession. In 1881 he came to New Zealand to join his father, the late Mr. George F. Dodds, a well known chemist at Port Chalmers, and succeeded to the business in 1888. In 1895 he was elected lieutenant of the Port Chalmers Naval Artillery, and was promoted to the rank of captain in 1903. Captain Dodds represented New Zealand in the Federal shooting match at Oamaru in 1896 and was one of the New Zealand representative team at the Commonwealth Prize Meeting held in Sydney in 1901. In 1896 he won the New Zealand Rifle Association's Rifle Cup and has gained many prizes and trophies at various matches. Captain Dodds is vice-president of the Queen's Drive Boating Club, and of the Port Chalmers Cricket and Football Clubs, and is a member of the Otago Dock Trust. He is also a Past Master and treasurer of the Port Chalmers Marine Lodge of Freemasons, 942, English Constitution, Past Master of Zealandia Mark Marine Lodge, and Past Principal Z of the Marine Chapter Royal Arch Masons.
of the No. 3 Company of New Zealand Garrison Artillery Volunteers (Port Chalmers Naval Artillery) is a son of the late Mr. George Crawford, who arrived in Port Chalmers in 1862, and died in 1897. He was born at the Port and educated at the District High School, where he was dux in the year 1883. On leaving school he took up clerical work, chiefly in connection with shipping, and in 1897 he joined the service with which he is still connected-that of Shaw, Savill and Co. Lieutenant Crawford has for many years taken a very keen interest in volunteering. He first joined the Port Chalmers Naval Artillery in 1886, but resigned two years later owing to an accident. However, he rejoined the company in 1896, but again resigned, owing to his being transferred to his employers' Wellington office. On his return to Port Chalmers, in 1902, he was elected to the position he now occupies. Lieutenant Crawford is a prominent Oddfellow, having passed through all the chairs, and has represented his Lodge at several district meetings. He has been for many years secretary for the cricket and football clubs, at the Port, and of the Otago Regatta Committee. He was elected an honorary life member of the Queen's Drive Boating Club in recognition of the secretarial work done by him in connection with that club. Lieutenant Crawford married a granddaughter of the late Mr. David Carey, who arrived in Otago in 1840.
, of No. 3 Company, New Zealand Garrison Artillery Volunteers, was born in Scotland, and came to Port Chalmers in 1872. He was a member of the Peninsula Rifles until their disbandment. In 1897 he joined the Port Chalmers Navals as submarine miner; went to South Africa with the Second Contingent, and was promoted to the rank of sergeant on
, was one of the first volunteer corps in Dunedin. It was formed in July, 1863, as the Dunedin Volunteer Artillery Regiment, with twenty-six members, who were drilled and instructed by Captain Ross until accepted by the Government. The present corps numbers sixty men, and has for its officers Captain H. Livingstone Tapley, First Lieutenant E. J. Haydon, and Second Lieutenant George Robert Ritchie.
, of the B Battery, New Zealand Field Artillery, was born and educated in South Australia, and came to New Zealand in 1893. He was a cadet in the A Company Second Regiment, South Australia, and on his arrival in New Zealand joined the Dunedin Naval Artillery as lieutenant. In 1899 he was elected junior lieutenant of B Battery, and in 1903, on the retirement of Major T. Chalmer he was appointed to his present position. Captain Tapley takes a keen interest in athletics; he is a member of the Otago Golf Club, and the Dunedin Hockey Club, and was captain of the D team, Carisbrook Cricket Club, and secretary of the Otago Lawn Tennis Association. He married Miss Jean Brodie Burt, daughter of the late Mr. Thomas Burt, “Grant's Braes,” Dunedin.
, of the B Battery, New Zealand Field Artillery, was born in Dunedin in 1877, and educated at the Boys' High School. He entered the service of the Dunedin Corporation in 1892 as junior clerk, and was appointed to his present position at the Dunedin gasworks in 1902. Lieutenant Haydon has been for a number of years connected with the volunteers, and entered the B Battery as gunner in 1892. He joined the Second Contingent of the New Zealand Mounted Rifles, and took part in various engagements with the Contingents during their service in South Africa. On his return to New Zealand, in 1902, he was promoted to the rank of junior lieutenant of the B Battery, and in 1903 received his present appointment. For his services during the South African war Lieutenant Haydon received the South African medal with three bars. Lieutenant Haydon has been one of the committee of the Dunedin Football Club, the Amateur Boating Club, and was secretary of the original Logan's Point Swimming Club.
, of the B Battery New Zealand Field Artillery, was born in Dunedin and educated in Scotland. On returning to New Zealand he entered the Dunedin office of the National Mortgage and Agency Company. In 1903 he was elected Second Lieutenant of the B Battery at Dunedin. Lieutenant Ritchie is further referred to as Acting-Consul for the Netherlands.
was first formed in 1885, with Captain (now Major) L. O. Beal in command. The strength of the corps was then sixty-three, and it has now increased to one hundred. Its officers are Captain G. D. Ross, Senior Lieutenant John Thomas Midgley, and Lieutenants Lacey and Flynn.
, of No. 2 Company New Zealand Engineer Volunteers, is a son of Mr. G. M. Ross, recently manager of the Bank of New Zealand at Palmerston South, and was born at Lake Wakatipu. He was educated at the Dunedin Boys' High School, and joined the service of the Union Steam Ship Company, in 1886. In the following year he joined the Dunedin Naval Artillery as a gunner, and was afterwords a lieutenant in the L Battery and Port Chalmers Naval Artillery. He joined the Engineers in 1896, was transferred to the Reserve in 1899, from the reserve to the Engineers in 1900 as lieutenant, and promoted to the captaincy of the corps in October, 1903.
, of the No. 2 Company New Zealand Engineer Volunteers, first joined the Canterbury Engineers in 1887. After nine years of service he transferred with the rank of sergeant-major, to the Dunedin Engineers as a private, and rose through the various grades until he reached lance-sergeant. After serving three months in that capacity he was elected third lieutenant in 1900. Lieutenant Midgley is now senior lieutenant of his company. He is a fireman at the Dunedin Engineering Company's works.
, of No. 2 Company New Zealand Engineer Volunteers, first joined the old Wakari Rifles, and remained a member until the disbandment of the corps in 1892. In the same year he joined the Engineers as a sapper, and, passing through the various grades, was appointed lieutenant in 1900.
, No. 2 Company, Dunedin Engineers, was born in Dunedin in 1870. He joined his present corps in 1893, as a sapper, and, after passing through the various ranks, was elected lieutenant in October, 1903. Lieutenant Flynn occupies a position in the engineering firm of Messrs A. and T. Burt, Dunedin.
. The Volunteer Bearer Corps at Auckland, Wellington, Christchurch, and Dunedin, are of a maximum strength of three officers, and fifty non-commissioned officers, rank and file. The Dunedin Bearer Corps came into existence on the 20th of May, 1898, and its officers are Surgeon-Major J. O. Closs, and Captains Stephenson and Evans.
, of the Dunedin Bearer Corps, is further referred to in the Medical Section of this volume. As a Freemason he is Deputy District Grand Master for Otago and Southland, under the English Constitution.
was formed, on the reorganisation of the volunteer force in 1881, principally from members of the No. 1 Battalion Band. Mr. I. Wishart, formerly of the Band of the Highland Light Infantry, was appointed first bandmaster, and was succeeded in 1891 by Lieutenant George. During his service in the band Lieutenant George has filled every position from lance corporal upwards, and has an advantage held
, Bandmaster of the Dunedin Garrison Band, was born in Surrey, England, and came to New Zealand with his parents in 1864. His father, the late Mr Thomas George, who died in Dunedin, New Zealand, in 1889, was a noted lithographic draughtsman, and for years was employed in that capacity with Messrs Day and Son, London. Lieutenant George first joined the City Guards band in 1878. When it was merged into the present band he was appointed bandmaster, in 1890, and was gazetted lieutenant in 1901. Lieutenant George, who is a lithographic draughtsman, is a successful teacher of music, and has earned a reputation in the colony as a clarionet soloist. His two brothers, Sergeant Percy George, and Bandsman Herbert George, are both performers in the Garrison Band, and hold Imperial service medals for twenty years' service.
, whose headquarters are at Dunedin, was formed on the 1st of May, 1901. The companies comprising the regiment are: A Squadron, Otago Hussars; B Squadron, North Otago Mounted Rifles; C Squadron, Clutha Mounted Rifles; D Squadron, Manitoto Mounted Rifles; E Squadron, Tuapeka Mounted Rifles; F Squadron, Taieri Mounted Rifles; and G Squadron, Waitaki Mounted Rifles. The staff officers of the 1st Regiment are: Lieutenant-Colonel J. C. Nichols, Captain-Adjutant Captain W. Marshall, Lieutenant-Quartermaster J. A. Park, Surgeon-Major M. Coughtrey, Hon. Veterinary Surgeon Captain W. D. Snowball, Quartermaster-Sergeant F. Morice, Sergeant-Trumpeter W. Rutherford. No regimental sergeant-major has yet (January, 1904) been appointed.
, Commanding No. 1 Regiment of Otago Mounted Rifles, is the eldest son of the late Mr. Charles Nichols, of Dalgety and Company, Limited, and was born in Launceston, Tasmania, in 1859. He was educated at the Otago Boys' High School, Christ's College, Christchurch, and at Jesus College, Cambridge. He joined the High School cadets in Dunedin in 1872 and afterwards served in B Battery New Zealand Artillery and the Otago Hussars, from which he was transferred to the North Otago Mounted Rifles in 1887, and became captain in 1897. In 1901 he became Major-Commanding No. 1 Regiment Otago Mounted Rifles, and Lieutenant-Colonel on the 8th of September, 1902. Mr. Nichols is proprietor of Kuriheka estate, Maheno, which contains 5400 acres of freehold, and 20,000 acres of leasehold land, and carries about 13,000 sheep. He was married, in 1890, to a daughter of the late Mr. R. M. Ayre, of Benduck station, Hay, New South Wales, and has three sons and one daughter. Mr. Nichols was appointed a Justice of the Peace for New Zealand in 1903.
, of the staff of the 1st Regiment of the Otago Mounted Rifles, is elsewhere referred to among the former Mayors of Dunedin.
Captain W. D. Snowball, Hon. Veterinary Officer of the 1st Regiment, Otago Mounted Rifles, is referred to elsewhere in connection with the Dunedin City Abbatoirs.
were organised in 1881, and were known as the Southland Hussars, and the Dunedin Cavalry successively, until 1886, when they received their present title. The late Major D. Stronach was the first captain, and at its formation, the corps numbered seventy-nine men. When the late Colonel Fox inspected the corps, then commanded by Captain (now Colonel) Robin, he stated that “the horses and equipments were excellent, the drill good, and the outpost work carried on with great intelligence.” He also said that he had never met with a volunteers corps in any country that displayed such all round excellence as the Otago Hussars. The present corps maintains this well-earned reputation. The officers are Captain Frederick Freeman, Lieutenant Orbell, Lieutenant Hastie, and Lieutenant Miller. The Otago Hussars sent twenty-seven men with the various Contingents to South Africa during the late war, and several members also enlisted in the different contingents, from the Fourth upwards
, of the Otago Hussars, is the youngest son of Mr. James Freeman, of Abbotsford, who landed in Otago in 1858. He was born in 1873, at Abbotsford, and educated at the Green Island public school, and at the age of eighteen joined the Otago Hussars as a trooper. Captain Freeman was one of the four from the Otago Hussars chosen to represent New Zealand at the Diamond Jubilee, and before leaving Wellington was promoted to the rank of corporal. He was elected lieutenant in 1899; on the retirement of Captain Morris he became Lieutenant Commanding, and was appointed captain in 1903. In 1900 he went to Australia as senior lieutenant in the Commonwealth Contingent to Sydney, and on his arrival at Sydney was promoted to be captain by Colonel Pole Penton. Captain Freeman was a member of the selection committee for the Otago and Southland members of the Fourth and Ninth Contingents, and acted as eamp adjutant during the training of the Ninth Contingent at Forbury Park; afterwards he acted temporarily as District Adjutant. He volunteered for active serivce in the First Contingent, but on account of being a married man his application was refused. Captain Freeman takes a keen interest in football. In the sports events of the Cavalry Tournament held in 1894, he won the challenge shield and held it for one year; and in 1895, in competition for the same shield, was beaten by only one point.
, of the Otago Hussars, is the eldest son of the late Mr. Henry Orbell, who came to New Zealand in the forties, and who was captain of the Waikouaiti Rifles for years. Mr. Orbell was born in Dunedin and joined the Otago Hussars as sergeant in 1894, when he formed a contingent of that corps at Waikouaiti. He was promoted sergeant-major in 1898, and elected lieutenant in 1900. Mr. Orbell is an extensive sheepfarmer at Waikouaiti, and is chairman of the Waikouaiti County Council, and Justice of the Peace of several years' standing. He was delegate for the Otago branch of the Farmers' Union at the Wellington Conference, and is a member of the committee of the Otago Agricultural and Pastoral Association.
, of the Otago Hussars, was born and educated in Dunedin, and joined the Otago Hussars in March, 1896. He was a member of the First New Zealand Contingent, sent to South Africa, and holds a medal with four clasps for service in the engagements at Kimberley, Faardeburg, Driefontein, and Johannesburg. Lieutenant Hastie was wounded at Klep River, and returned with his contingent to Sydney, and took part in the Commonwealth celebrations there in 1901. On his return to Dunedin he rejoined the Otago Hussars, and was elected second lieutenant in 1903. He takes a keen interest in athletics, and was formerly well known as a footballer.
, of the Otago Hussars, is the eldest son of Mr. James Miller, of Green Island, and was educated at the Green Island public school and at the Dunedin Boys' High School. He belonged to the High School Cadets for two years before joining the South District Rifles, of which he remained a member until the disbandment of the corps. In 1892 he joined the Otago Hussars as a trooper and was elected lieutenant in 1903.
was established on the 20th of May, 1898, with its headquarters at Dunedin. The Battalion comprises: A Company, Dunedin City Guards; B Company, Bruce Rifles; C Company, East Taieri Rifles; D Company, North Dunedin Rifles; E Company, Dunedin Highland Rifles; F Company, Kaitangata Rifles; G Company, Dunedin City Rifles; H Company, Dunedin Rifles; I Company, Wakari Rifles; J Company, Caversham Rifles; K Company, Owaka Rifles; L Company, Clutha Rifles; M Company, Green Island Rifles; N Company, Poptunoa Rifles; and the Dunedin Volunteer Cycle Corps. The staff officers of the battalion are: Lieutenant-Colonel E. R. Smith, V.D., Major S. S. Myers, Captain-Adjutant A. Stoneham, Captain-Quartermaster J. McIndoe, Surgeon-Major W. J. Will, Honorary-Chaplain Rev. W. Hewitson, Battalion Sergeant-Major J.T. Gillan, Battalion Quartermaster-Sergeant J. Moncrieff.
, V.D., Commanding Officer of the First Battalion, Otago Rifle Volunteers, has long been associated with the volunteer movement. He is well kown in commercial circles, as a member of the firm of Quick and Smith, sharebrokers, Dunedin.
, of the 1st Battalion, Otago Rifle Volunteers, was formerly Captain of the North Dunedin Rifles. He is senior partner in the firm of Messrs S. Myers and Co., dentists of Dunedin, Christchurch, and Invercargill, and is further referred to in the Medical Section of this volume.
, formerly Captain of the Dunedin Highland Rifles, was born and educated in Dunedin, and has been connected with the Highland Rifles since their inception in 1885, when he joined as a drummer boy. He has been through all the various ranks of non-commissioned officers. In 1894 he was elected junior lieutenant, and captain of the corps in 1897. Captain Stoneham is well known as a good shot, and in 1893 he was one of the corps team of five who secured the Ladies' Challenge Shield, and for three years was the holder of the championship of his corps. Captain Stoneham was in conmmand of the Highland detachment forming part of the New Zealand Contingent at the opening of the Federal Parliament in Melbourne. He is a member of the Masonic Lodge Celtic, No. 477, Scottish Constitution, and also belongs to the Order of Oddfellows. On the 18th of September, 1903, on the occasion of Captain Stoneham's promotion as Captain-Adjutant, No. 1 Battalion Otago Rifle Volunteers, the members of the Dunedin Highland Rifles met to congratulate him, and at the same time to express their regret at his severance from the company with which he had been associated for eighteen years. The members and officers of the corps further testified to the esteem in which they held their captain, by the presentation of a sword, a pair of spurs, and an elaborate illuminated address, and by presenting Mrs Stoneham with a silver salver.
, of the 1st Battalion Otago Rifle Volunteer Staff, was born at Rothesay in the Isle of Bute, and arrived in Dunedin in 1859 by the ship “Alpine. He was educated at Dunedin, and in 1893 established his present large printing and bookbinding business in Vogel street; for nine years he has been contractor to the Dunedin City Corporation. Captain McIndoe has been connected with the volunteers since 1879, when he joined the Dunedin Navals as a gunner. Owing to a visit to Sydney he resigned, and in 1884 joined the E Battery in Christchurch. On his return to Dunedin, two years later, he was appointed Lieutenant of the Caversham Rifles, and in 1886 was transferred to the staff of the first Battalion Otago Rifle Volunteers as lieutenant and quartermaster, and received the commission of captain in 1898. Captain McIndoe acted as Quarter-Master in the equipment of the Fourth and Fifth Contingents, and of the Dunedin sections of the Sixth, Seventh, Eighth, and Ninth Contingents. As a Freemason he is Past Master of Lodge 931, English Constitution, and Past District Grand Senior Warden.
, of the 1st Battalion Otago Rifle Volunteers, is referred to elsewhere in this volume as chairman of the St. John Ambulance Association.
was the first volunteer corps formed in Otago.
, V.D., was born in Scotland, and accompanied his parents to Dunedin in 1860. He was educated at Green Island and Caversham, and in 1877 joined his present company, then known as No. 1 Company Dunedin City Guards. He became lieutenant in 1886, and captain in 1899. In recognition of his length of service Captain Crawford received the Volunteer Decoration in 1902. He is known as a most successful shot, and has gained numerous prizes in the rifle matches of his company.
, of the Dunedin City Guards, was born in Argyleshire, Scotland, and came with his parents to Dunedin in 1872, by the ship “City of Dunedin.” He first joined the Dunedin Naval Brigade in 1879; ten years later he was transferred to the City Guards, and was elected lieutenant in 1892. Lieutenant Jack is a good shot and held his company's belt for seven years. He holds the Imperial medal for twenty years' service.
, of the Dunedin City Guards, was born in Dunedin, in 1872. He first joined his corps as a private in 1891, and, after passing through the various grades, was appointed lieutenant in 1899. Lieutenant Douglas is the winner of several prizes in shooting competitions, and was secretary of the shooting committee in connection with the City Guards, and also acted as range officer at the Otago Rifle Association's matches, and won the
. This old-established corps has maintained its name from its inception on the 28th of February 1866. It forms the D Company of the 1st Battalion Otago Rifle Volunteers. The officers of the North Dunedin Rifles are Captain R. A. Johnston, and Lieutenants J. M. Slowley and H. Longworth.
, V.D., of the North Dunedin rifles, was born in Victoria, and arrived in Dunedin at an early age. As a boy he was a member of the Union Street School Cadets, and afterwards belonged to the Dunedin High School Artilery. He enrolled in the North Dunedin Rifles in 1874, was elected lieutenant in 1885, and captain in 1901. He was appointed Sergeant-Major of the 1st Battalion Otago Rifle Volunteers in 1883, and held that position until elected lieutenant of his company. Captain Johnston has won numerous prizes at the New Zealand and Otago Rifle competitions, and has taken an active part in both Associations. In 1896 he received the New Zealand medal for long and efficient service, the Imperial long service medal in 1902, and the Imperial Volunteer Officer's Decoration in 1903.
, of the North Dunedin Rifles, was born in London. He joined the North, Dunedin Rifles in 1874, and was elected lieutenant in 1893.
, of the North Dunedin Rifles, was born at Burnley, Lancashire, England, and in 1860 came out to join his father, who had arrived in New Zealand a year previously. He joined the North Dunedin Rifles in 1889, was elected lieutenant in 1901, and was secretary of the corps for ten years. Mr. Longworth was for two years a member of the North-East Valley Borough Council.
were first formed in 1885, with a strength of sixty-eight, and Captain Alex. McGregor in command. Lieutenant Alexander Dempster is now (1904) in command of the corps.
, Commanding the Dunedin Highland Rifles, is the second son of Mr. George Dempster who came to Dunedin in 1860 by the ship “Pladda.” He was born and educated in Dunedin, and learned the business of a builder and contractor with his father. As early as 1876 he joined the Union Street School Cadets, and three years later, the Naval Cadets. In 1885 Lieutenant Dempster joined the Dunedin Engineers, and transferred in the following year to the Highland Rifles, then only a short time in existence. He advanced through the various grades, from corporal upwards, until he was appointed lieutenant of the corps in 1897. Lieutenant Dempster is well known as a successful shot in Dunedin. He won his first prize in 1877—a prize given by the Government for competition in the district school; and also won fourth prize in the district prize firing of the Naval Cadets. At the Otago Rifle Association meeting, held at Dunedin in 1898, he won the prize for the highest aggregate score. He took part in the New Zealand Rifle Association matches held at Wellington in 1895, at Oamaru in 1896 and 1898, and at Wanganui in 1899. In the Highland Rifle Company's matches he has held the position of champion for six years, and still (1903) retains the distinction. Lieutenant Dempster is a bass singer of considerable local reputation, and at the Dunedin Competitions Sociey's gathering, in 1902, was awarded second place. He holds the New Zealand long service medal. As a Freemason he is a member of Lodge Celtic, 477, Scottish Constitution, and is an Oddfellow of many years' standing
, of the Dunedin Highland Rifles, is descended from an old military family. His maternal grandfather was Sergeant-Major Muir of the 71st Highlanders; and his father, the late Mr. James Lawson Cameron, of the Seventh Dragoon Guards, served in India, and died in Otago in 1899. The subject on this article was born in Paisley, Renfrewshire Scotland, and accompanied his father to Dunedin in 1880. He was educated in Dunedin, and since 1895 has been in the employment of the Westport Coal Company, of which he now is local manager. Lieutenant Cameron first started volunteering in 1894, when he joined the Highland Rifles, and having been promoted through the various ranks, was elected lieutenant in 1900. He is a successful shot, has won numerous prizes at various rifle matches, and won, twice in succession, Captain Stoneham's gold medal for shooting. He has also won several prizes for gymnastics, and was deputy captain of a football
were formed in May, 1898, with a strength of sixty-three men, and with Captain H. D. Jackson in command. The officers of the corps are at present (1904) Captain J. McAra, and Lieutenant D. B. McKenzie.
, of the Dunedin City Rifles, was born at Clutha, and educated at Gisborne and Dunedin. He joined the Dunedin City Rifles in 1899 as junior lieutenant, and was gazetted captain of the corps in 1902. Captain McAra occupies a position in the firm of Messrs A. S. Paterson and Co. Rattray Street, Dunedin.
, of the Dunedin City Rifles, was born at Port Chalmers, and educated at the Otago Boys' High School. He first joined the East Taieri Rifles in 1900, and resigned three years afterwards with the rank of Sergeant. He was appointed lieutenant in the City Rifles in May, 1903. Lieutenant McKenzie occupies a position in the service of Messrs Dalgety and Co., Limited.
was formed in July 1898, with Captain T. R. Burt in command. The corps has now a strength of sixty, and its officers are Captain A. M. Jackson and Lieutenant Hawke.
, of the Dunedin Rifles, is a son of Mr. J. Howard Jackson, who served through the Waikato native wars, and a nephew of Major William and Captain Gilbert Mair and Sir Walter Buller. He was born at Feilding and educated at Lawrence, and at the Dunedin Boys' High School, where he belonged to the Cadet Corps. On the formation of the Dunedin Rifles, he joined as sergeant, was afterwards elected lieutenant, and ultimately became captain. Captain Jackson is a good shot, and has had charge of the shooting teams of the corps. He is an assistant engineer on the engineer's staff of the Dunedin Drainage Board, and served his apprenticeship as engineer with the firm of Messrs A. and T. Burt, of Dunedin.
, of the Dunedin Rifles, was born in Dunedin, and is the youngest son of the late Mr. R. N. Hawkes, who came to New Zealand in 1863. He joined the Dunedin Engineers in 1899. Lieutenant Hawkes was a member of the Second New Zealand Contingent sent to South Africa, and on his return was appointed captain of the Wakari Rifles Cadet Corps. He was elected to his present position in 1903.
owes its existence to the military feeling engendered during the war in South Africa. It was formed on the 11th of April, 1900, and ranks as I Company of the 1st Battalion Otago Rifle Volunteers. The officers of the corps are Captain A Washer and Lieutenant W. Dobson.
, of the Wakari Rifles, was born in England, and came with his parents to New Zealand in 1872. He first joined his present corps in 1879, but left it on his departure for Sydney in 1885. In 1900, some time after his return to Dunedin, he assisted in re-forming the company, and was elected lieutenant, and became captain a year after. Captain Washer is an enthusiastic volunteer, and has spared neither time nor trouble in bringing his corps to its present state of efficiency. He has been an active member of the Roslyn Borough Council for some time, and is also a Justice of the Peace.
, of the Wakari Rifles, was born at Kaikorai Valley, and is a son of Mr. Thomas Dobson, who came to Otago in 1866 by the ship “Ellenslea.” In 1896 he joined the old Wakari Rangers, and remained a member until the disbandment of the corps. On the formation of the Wakari Rifles, in 1900, he joined as private and was appointed lieutenant in 1902, on his return from South Africa. Lieutenant Dobson joined the Seventh Contingent as sergeant. He took part in all engagements, and during the latter part of his service in South Africa he acted as sergeant-major. He is in charge of the insurance department in the firm of Messrs Neill and Co., Dunedin. Lieutenant Dobson has taken part in various company shooting matches, and has played in the Roslyn Association football team for eight years.
, which are known as J Company of the 1st Battalion Otago Rifle Volunteers, were formed on the same date as the Wakari Rifles; namely, the 11th of April, 1900. The officers of the corps are Captain A. M. Loasby, and Lieutenants R. J. Bremner and R. T. Emmerson.
, of the Caversham Rifles, has been connected with volunteering for a number of years. He first joined the Nelson cadet corps, and was a member of the Blenheim and Masterton Rifles, and of the Alexandra Cavalry, Wanganui, before being transferred to the Otago Hussars. In 1900 he received the appointment of captain of the newly formed Caversham Rifles. Captain Loasby was quartermaster of the Federal Contingent, which went to Australia to take part in the Commonwealth celebrations. He carries on business as an indent merchant and wholesale chemist in Princes Street.
, of the Caversham Rifles, joined the old Caversham Rifles in 1890, and remained a member until the disbandment of the corps. For five years he belonged to the Peninsula Navals, which were also disbanded. In 1900 he joined the present Caversham Rifles as sergeant, and on his return from South Africa with the Tenth Contingent was elected lieutenant. Lieutenant Bremner won several trophies in the Caversham Rifles and Penisula Navals. As a Freemason he is a member of Lodge Hiram, New Zealand Constitution, and has passed through the chairs in the Order of Oddfellows.
, of the Caversham Rifles, was born in Durham, England, and came with his parents to Dunedin in 1879. He was a
, known as M Company of the 1st Battalion Otago Rifle Volunteers, have their quarters at Abbotsford. The corps was formed on the 13th of October, 1901 and its officers are Captain W. McDonald, and Lieutenants W. E. McLean and J. Aitcheson.
, of the Green Island Rifles, was born in Victoria, and came to New Zealand in 1879. Soon after his arrival he received an appointment under the Otago Education Board, at Oamaru, and became headmaster of the Green Island public school in 1901. Before he came to New Zealand he served for two years in the Castlemaine Rifles, Victoria. Captain McDonald resigned from the Oamaru Navals with the rank of senior lieutenant, and, on the formation of the Green Island Rifles in 1901, he was elected captain.
, of the Green Island Rifles, joined the corps on their formation, and was gazetted lieutenant in 1903.
, of the Green Island Rifles, was born at Kaitangata, where he was educated. In 1901 he joined the Green Island Rifles, and after passing the School of Instruction examination, was gazetted lieutenant in February, 1902. Lieutenant Aitchison is chief engineer of the New Zealand Refrigerating Company at Burnside.
, V.D., Principal Medical Officer of the Otago Volunteer District, is descended from an old and very distinguished French military family, who during the Reign of Terror in the time of the French Revolution, were compelled to flee, and since then have resided in England. Colonel de Lautour is a son of the late Edward de Lautour, who was for many years a Judge at Calcutta. He was born in Noacolly, Bengal, in 1849, educated at Cheltonham College, studied medicine at King's College, London, and was one of those students who, “having completed with distinction their course of studying,” were admitted to the rank of associate of King's College. London, on the 3rd of June, 1873. This certificate was signed by the Right Rev. Dr. Tait, Archbishop of Canterbury. In 1875 Dr. de Lautour settled in Oamaru, to follow the practice of his profession. At the same time he entered the Defence Forces of New Zealand and was appointed surgeon to the I Battery of Artillery Volunteers, on the 27th of July, 1875. He was promoted Surgeon-Major on the 13th of March, 1888, Brigade-Surgeon-Lieutenant-Colonel on the 12th of August, 1895, and is now, in 1903, the Principal Medical Officer of the Otago District. In 1896 he received the volunteer decoration for twenty years' continuous service as an officer in the volunteers. During his visit to England, in 1897, he passed the proficiency examination at the War Office, London, a distinction held by very few in New Zealand. At the time of the South African war Colonel de Lautour, with the traditional military spirit of his regret, were not accepted; but two of his sons served with the Fifth, Seventh and Eighth Contingents in South Africa. Colonel de Lautour is a vice-president of the Volunteer Ambulance School of Instruction, London, and the only holder of that honour outside the United Kingdom.
, of the Active List, now on the District Staff of the Otago Volunteers, was for over twelve years in command of the Dunedin Engineers, of which he was appointed captain at the time the corps was formed in 1885. He is referred to in another section of this volume as a civil and mining engineer.
was born in Scotland, and accompanied his parents to New Zealand in 1873. He was educated in Dunedin, and joined the Railway Department as a cadet in 1883. He first joined the Bruce Rifles in 1884, and on removing to Wellington two years later, joined the Thorndon Rifles as a private, and was afterwards promoted to the rank of sergeant. In 1888 he returned to Dunedin, joined the Dunedin Engineers as a private, and, rising through the various grades, became lieutenant in 1890, and captain in 1897. Major Barclay was Superintendent of the St. John Ambulance Association for five years, and a member of the Committee of the Centre, from its formation in 1890. He is also an honorary lieutenant of the Railway Fire Brigade.
, of the Active Volunteer List, was formerly in command of the Otago Hussars. He is referred to elsewhere in this volume as a member of the firm of Stronach, Morris, and Co.
, of the Active List, Otago Volunteer District, was born in New South Wales, and at the age of six came to Otago. He was educated at the Taieri, and at the Otago Boys' High School. In 1890 he joined the Otago Hussars as trooper, was appointed lieutenant in October, 1894, and captain in September, 1898, and resigned in the following year with the rank of captain of the Otago Reserve Corps. Captain Price took a prominent part in the formation, equipment, and training of the various contingents sent from Otago to South Africa. For six weeks he attended the camp of the Fourth Contingent, and assisted in instructing the men, besides having charge of the horses. He also took a leading part in putting through the Riding Tests of the Otago Sections of the various contingents from the Fourth to the Ninth. Captain Price is a stepson of Mr. Donald Reid, and occupies a responsible position in the firm of Messrs Donald Reid and Co., Dunedin.
, formerly captain of the Dunedin Rifle Volunteers, but now on the Active List, was born in Otago and educated at Dunedin. He first joined the Albany Street school cadets in 1883, and subsequently the City Guards cadets, with whom he remained until the disbandment of that corps. In 1886 Captain McMillan joined the North Dunedin Rifles, and retired, after twelve years of service, with the rank of lieutenant. On the formation of the Dunedin Rifle Volunteers in 1898 he joined with the rank of lieutenant and was appointed captain in 1902. He resigned his command in 1903, and was placed on the Active List. He is a successful shot, and won the company's cup and gold medal in the Dunedin Rifles, with several other prizes. Captain McMillan has charge of one of the wholesale departments of Messrs A. and T. Burt, Limited, in whose firm he has been for years. He is a member of the order of Oddfellows, Manchester Unity.
, on the retired list of volunteer officers, was formerly captain of the Caversham Rifles, and afterwards adjutant of the first Otago Infantry Battalion; later still, he was placed on the Active Unattached List.
is made up of the following twelve corps, namely, A Company, Waitaki High School Naval Artillery Cadets; B Company, Dunedin High School Rifle Cadets; C Company, Invercargill High School Rifle Cadets; D Company, Dunedin Engineer Cadets; E Company, Port Chalmers Naval Artillery
, Commanding the Battalion of the Otago Defence Cadets, is a son of Mr. Walter Hislop, of Dunedin. He was born at Dunedin in 1872, and educated at the Otago Boys' High School where he was a member of the cadet corps. Major Hislop joined the G Company, Dunedin City Rifles, in 1898, as lieutenant, and, on the formation, in May, of the same year, of the first Battalion of the Otago Rifle Volunteers, received the rank of captain and adjutant. This rank he held till September, 1903, when he was given the command of No. 1 Battalion of the Otago Defence Cadets, with the rank of major. Major Hislop is a member of the Board of Examination for the Otago Military District.
, in the New Zealand Militia, Adjutant of the Battalion of Otago Defence Cadets, and formerly senior Lieutenant of the No. 2 Company New Zealand Engineer Volunteers, was born at Lawrence, and educated at the Boys' High School, Dunedin. He first entered commercial life in the employment of Messrs Hogg, Howison, Nicol and Co., and was for six years with Messrs Scoullar Bros. before entering the firm of Messrs Rattray and Son in 1902. Captain Nicholson joined the High School Cadets, in 1885, and left with the rank of sergeant, and in 1898 he became lieutenant of the Engineer Volunteers. He was appointed Senior Lieutenant of the South Island Battalion of the Fourth Contingent, and when Captain Harvey died at Ottoshoop, in 1900, he became Captain of B Squadron. He was with the Fouth Contingent right through, and returned to New Zealand with it. He left again as Captain and Adjutant of the South Island Regiment, Ninth New Zealand Contingent, and on the illness of Major Jackson in South Africa was appointed to the command of the regiment, and brought it back to New Zealand. Captain Nicholson is a member of the Dunedin Amateur Boating and Dunedin Swimming Clubs, and was treasurer of the Otago Football Association for many years. As a Freemason, he is attached to Lodge 844, English Constitution.
was enrolled in May, 1900, with Captain Churchill in command. The strength of the corps is seventy.
, of the Engineer Cadet Crops, was born in Dunedin, and educated at the Otago Boys' High School. He joined the High School Cadets, in 1896, and left with the rank of sergeant. In 1902 he became a member of the Engineer Cadet Corps, with the rank of lieutenant, and was appointed captain in 1903.
, of the Dunedin Engineer Cadet Corps, was born at Hobart and came to Dunedin in 1901. He joined the Dunedin Engineer Cadet Corps in 1903, and was elected lieutenant the same years.
is one of the several cadet corps from which members for the other volunteer corps are enrolled when vacancies occur. The corps has been commanded by Captain Rendel since its formation in 1901.
, of the Caversham Rifle Cadets, was born in Devonshire, England, and came to Dunedin in 1874. He joined the Caversham Rifles as a private. Six month later he was elected sergeant, and soon afterwards became lieutenant, and held that rank until the disbandment of the corps in 1887. In 1892 he accepted a lieutenancy in the Peninsula Navals, but that corps was disbanded, and on the formation of the present Caversham Rifles, he became coloursergeant. He retained this office until he accepted the position of captain of the Caversham Cadets on the formation of that corps. Captain Rendel occupies a position in Messrs Sargood and Sons boot factory, Dunedin. He has been for seventeen years connected with the Order of Oddfellows, Manchester Unity, and is a member of the Caversham school committee and gymnastic club. Captain Rendel holds the champion challenge cup for the best exhibits of chrysanthemums, and has gained over two hundred prizes at different flower shows and exhibitions.
, of the Caversham Rifle Cadet Corps, was born in London, and came to New Zealand in 1880. He first joined the G Battery at Invercargill, and resigned after eleven years, with the rank of sergeant. He took an active part in the formation of the Caversham Rifles, and acted as sergeant and colour-sergeant in the newly formed corps, until resigning in 1903, to accept a lieutenancy in the Caversham Rifle Cadet corps. Lieutenant Head is an Oddfellow, and a member of the Caversham school committee.
were organished in April, 1902, as a training corps in connection with the Wakari Rifles, and for filling vacancies in that corps. The cadets number sixty-three, and the first commander was Captain J. D. Hawkes.
, of the Wakari Rifle Cadets, joined the Wakari Rifle Corps in 1888, and remained a member until its disbandment three years later. He afterwards belonged to the Dunedin City Guards for two years, and when the Wakari Rifles were again formed he was a member of the corps for three years. Lieutenant Wilson joined the Wakari Rifle Cadets with his present rank in 1903.
, Adjutant of the New Zealand Regiment of Artillery Volunteers, has always taken an interest in volunterring. In January, 1864, he joined the B Battery, originally known as the Dunedin Volunteer Artillery Regiment, and subsequently became, in succession, lieutenant and captain. He resigned his captaincy on the 16th of June, 1881, on being appointed adjutant. Captain Muir, while on a visit to the Old Country in 1886, attended a repository course of instruction in gunnery at Woolwich. In shooting competitions he has been eminently successful. He won the B Battery's champion cup the requisite four times, and now retains its possession, and he also won the first Provincial Cup shot for in Dunedin. In one of the shooting competitions for the New Zealand Champion Belt, Captain Muir gained fourth place. He was born in Adelaide, South Australia, where he attended school, but after removing with his parents to Melbourne, he studied at Fenner's Collegiate School and the Scotch College. In 1860 he arrived in Dunedin, and entered the office of the late Mr. George Cook, under whom he studied for the legal profession. In due course, Mr. Muir was admitted as a solicitor of the Supreme Court of New Zealand, and afterwards entered into partnership with Mr. Cook Muir subsequently retired from the firm, and has since lived in retirement in Dunedin. In social affairs he has taken an active interest. The Otago Rowing Club owes its inception to his efforts, and he was one of the founders of the Southern club. For some years he was honorary secretary of the Dunedin Choral Society, and also of the Orchestral Society. Mr. Muir has obligingly supplied the Cyclopedia Company's staff with many particulars in connection with volunteering in Otago.
The functions of the Legislature in New Zealand are numerous and far reaching. The state is the largest owner of land and receiver of rents, and the largest employer of labour. It owns nearly all the railways, and all the telegraphs and telephones. Under the land transfer law, Government officers do a great portion of the conveyancing business of the colony. The largest life assurance business in New Zealand is also a state institution. Even more interesting is the institution of the Public Trustee, upon whom devolves the care of intestate estates, and whom anyone owning property in New Zealand may appoint as an executor. One of the most noteworthy of the New Zealand labour laws is that which is designed to settle labour disputes by means of judicial arbitration, instead of the old-world methods of the strike and the lock-out. The Land for Settlements Act, the system of Government advances on mortgage to farmers, and dealing with the unemployed through a special department of labour, are the outcome of recent legislation. The colony has also attempted the solution of a problem which has baffled all but two or three of the governments of older countries, namely, provision for the aged by means of an old Age Pension scheme. In addition to the making of laws, the Legislature has ample power to regulate its institutions, and to adapt them from time to time to the growth and progress of the colony, and to its varied requirements. The various branches of the Civil Service are well represented in Dunedin. A number of the Government offices are within the Post Office Buildings, but the Telegraph and Telephone, Customs, Life Assurance, and Public Trust departments occupy handsome separate offices.
is a large two storey brick building, fronting Princes Street. During the year ending 1902 the number of money orders issued at the office was 16,113, amounting to £56,245, and the number of money orders paid was 31,931, amounting to £128,332. There were 4009 new accounts opened at the Savings Bank, and the total number of deposits numbered 38,057, and amounted to £527,875. The number of accounts closed was 3980, and there were 33,347 withdrawals, totalling £552,622. The work in the postal department also increased during 1902. There were 8,424,689 letters posted in Dunedin district, 138,567 lettercards, 210,431 post cards, 3,604,687 books, 2,480,400 newspapers, and 39,600 parcels. There were 539,293 letters, 10,705 postcards, 374,887 books, 948,658 newspapers, and 5982 parcels received from other places. In telegraph money orders, there were 3677 orders to the value of £12 012. The number of subscriptions in the Telephone Exchange increase from 1291 in 1902 to 1420 in 1903.
, formely Chief Post master at Auckland, succeeded Mr. Edmund Cook as chief postmaster at Dunedin, in October, 1903.
, Chief Clerk of the General Post Office, Dunedin, was born in the Tokomairiro district, and in 1875 entered the service of the Government as cadet in the Post Office at Milton. Two years later he was transferred to Dunedin, and shortly afterwards to Invercargill, where he remained three years. In 1880 Mr. Dall was transferred again to Dunedin, as clerk in the mail branch, and was afterwards promoted to the charge of the Money Order Office and Savings Bank; a position which he held for nine years. Mr. Dall was appointed to his present position in April, 1901.
, formerly Chief Postmaster at Dunedin General Post Office, was born in in Greenwich, England, in 1837. He landed in Wellington with his father, the late Mr. John Cook, in May, 1842, in the ship “Clifford,” and after attending school, entered the service of Messrs Jacob Joseph and Co., in 1853, After four years' service, he was offered a position as clerk in the Wellington General Post Office, in which he afterwards rose to the position of Chief Clerk. In 1873, Mr. Cook was made Chief Postmaster at the thames, where he remained four years; he was then transferred successively to Hokitika in 1877, to Timaru, in 1881, and to Dunedin, in January, 1893. In his early days in Wellington Mr. Cook took a great amount of interest in boating, and was one of the promoters of the Star Boating Club. He takes a keen interest in bowling and is perfectly at home on the green, and is a director of the Kaltuna Bowling and Tennis Club (Ltd.), in Dunedin. In February, 1861. Mr. Cook married a daughter of the late Mr. Charles Brown of Wellington, and has four daughters and two sons. Three of his daughtes are married, one to Mr. A. D. Bennett, of Coolgardie, West Australia; one to Mr. H. E. Le Cren, of Dunedin, and one to Mr. J. W. Wood, of Christchurch. Both the sons have adopted the medical profession, the elder being Dr. P. R. Cook, of Amberley, Canterbury, and the younger Dr. S. J. Cook, of Fairlie. Mr. Cook retired in September, 1903, after forty-six years of service.
, which stands at the junction of High and Rattray Streets, opposite Cargill's Monument, was erected in 1876, and is a two-storey brick building entirely devoted to the work of that department, including the Telephone Exchange. The public office is situated on the ground floor, the Telephone Exchange and other offices on the first floor.
, Inspector of Telegraphs for Otago District, who is the only surviving son of the late Mr. J. Orchiston, grain merchant of Aberdeen, was born in 1857, and arrived in Dunedin with his parents in January, 1862. In January, 1874, he joined the Telegraph Department as a cadet, and was promoted in the same year to the charge of the Hawera station. In 1877 he was transferred to the construction branch at Wellington. Eighteen months later, Mr. Orchiston
, Officer-in-Charge of the Dunedin Telegraph Office, was born in Canterbury in 1851 and was educated at the Christchurch Boys' High School. He entered the telegraph service in Christchurch as a cadet in 1866, and two years later became postmaster and telegraphist at Waipukurau, North Island. He was transferred to Cromwell, Otago, in 1870, and four years later joined the telegraph staff in Dunedin. He was appointed assistant officer-in-charge at Wellington in 1878, and was transferred to Blenheim in 1880, where he was also made chief postmaster in 1889. Mr. Ballard was transferred to his present post in December, 1895.
. Assistant Officer-in-Charge of the Dunedin Telegraph Station. was born in Wellington in 1854. He joined the Telegraph Department in 1867, and was transferred to Wanganui in 1869. He was afterwards, during the time of the Maori disturbances, in charge at Opunake, where he acted as postmaster and telegraphist; after eighteen months' service he was transferred to Napier, and remained there for five years. Mr. Hill was then transferred to Christchurch, Whence he was appointed to his present post in 1895. He was married in Napier in 1874, and has one son and one daughter.
, formerly Mechanical Electrician (Siemens Bros) of the Otago and Southland district of the Telegraph Department, was born in Greenwich, Kent, England, in 1858. He was educated at Cohen's Glebe House school, Woolwich, and was apprenticed to Messrs. Siemens Bros., electrical engineers at Woolwich, where he remained for eight years. During part of this time, Mr. May was at the Royal Albert docks as assistant electrician to Mr. Shurtz, who was in charge of the first Installation of the docks for electric lighting. Mr. May next accepted a twelve months' engagement with Mr. Raukin Kennedy's Electric Light Company and the National Telephone Company of Glasgow, after completing which he returned to his former employment. Six months later, he was offered and accepted an appointment from the New Zealand Government, and soon afterwards embarked for Port Chalmers by the ship “Westmeath,” arriving in 1883. After the destruction of the Wellington Telegraph office and Telephone exchange by fire in 1887, he assisted in the re-installation. As a volunteer Mr. May was for six years connected with the Royal Arsenal Artillery at Woolwich, and was for ten years lieutenant-in-charge of the electrical department of the Dunedin Engineers. He retired in 1896 with an honorary lieutenancy for life. Mr. May's father was marine engineer to the River Thames board. Port of London, for thirty-five years, and his grandfather was surveyor to the same body for forty years. Mr. May was married in 1881 to a daughter of Inspector Campbell, of the Royal Dockyard, Woolwich, and has one son and one daughter.
, formerly Telegraphist at the Dunedin Telegraph Office, was born in Dunedin in 1860, and was educated at the public school, Waikouaiti. Mr. Oxley joined the Waikouaiti telegraph office as a junior in 1874, and after two years, was successively at Wellington, Wanganui, and Invercargill; he was transferred to Dunedin in 1882. As a Freemason he was attached to Lodge Dunedin No. 931, E.C., and was also a member of Leith Lodge No. 4, of the American Order of Oddfellows, in which he passed through all the chairs. Mr. Oxley is a widower, with one son and one daughter, and has for some time been stationed at the Christchurch telegraph office.
, situated in Lower High Street, is a two storey brick building with stone facings. The ground floor is used as the long room and for the offices of the collector and other officials. Twenty-six officers, including cadets, are engaged in connection with H.M. Customs at Dunedin and Port Chalmers.
, who is Collector of Customs for Dunedin and Registrar of Shipping, is an old officer of the department, and has occupied every rank in the service. In 1864 he entered the Custom House at Lyttelton as a junior, and was transferred to the West Coast in the following year. Eleven years later, having attained to the position of landing waiter, Mr. Chamberlain was transferred to Wellington. He was subsequently removed to Dunedin, and in 1887 was appointed to his present position.
, formerly First Clerk and Cashier in H.M. Customs at Dunedin, was born in 1835, at West Linton, Peebleshire, Scotland. He was educated at the public school of his native place, and commenced his business career in a wholesale grocery establishment in Edinburgh, After seven years' service he came to Port Chalmers in the ship “Tamora,” arriving in March, 1859. On the Anniversary Day of Otago in the same month in which he landed,
in Otago has its quarters at the Government Shipping Office, 15 Jetty Street, Dunedin. The Department is administered under the authority of the Minister of Marine (the Hon. W. Hall-Jones), and is responsible for the erection and maintenance of lighthouses, the collection of light dues, the erection of beacons, and the supervision of harbours. Steamships trading to and in the colony are inspected and reported on regularly, and when necessary recommendations are made with a view to the safety of the public. Examinations for masters and mates are held, and certificates issued to those passing satisfactorily. The Superintendents of Mercantile Marine at the four large ports are charged with the administration of the Shipping and Seamen's Act, which deals with the engagement and discharge of seamen, etc. At other ports these duties are performed by the Collectors of Customs.
, Superintendent of Mercantile Marine, and Examiner of Masters and Mates, for the Marine Department at Dunedin, was born in Dublin, and educated at the Wesleyan College in that city. He entered the service of Messrs Lyle, shipowners of Greenock, and afterwards joined the Royal mail service running between England and Ireland. In 1884 he joined the Union Steamship Company and served four years and a half as chief officer, and eleven years as master. Captain Fleming was appointed to his present position in 1899.
for Otago is in the Government Buildings, Princes Street, Dunedin. The Crown lands of the colony are administered under the Land Act of 1892 with its amendments, and the regulations made thereunder. The law involves the principle of State ownership of the soil, with a perpetual tenancy for the occupier. Crown lands are now generally disposed of for 999 years, and the rental is based on the assessed value of the land at the time of disposal. This system gives the tenant the power to sell his interest, sub-lease, mortgage and dispose by will, and, for all practical purposes, the tenure is equal to a freehold. Selections are made by ballot, and every applicant has an equal chance of obtaining an equal area of land. A selector is limited by statute to 640 acres of first-class land, and to 2000 acres of second class land. The general rule is, that land thrown open for selection is offered to the public under three different tenures. Under the freehold tenure, one-fifth of the purchase money is paid down at once, and the remainder within thirty days. The second tenure is a leasehold, with a purchasing clause, at a five per cent. rental on the value of the land, and the lease is for twenty-five years, with the right to purchase at the original upset price at any time after the first ten years and within twenty-five years, or to convert into a lease in perpetuity. A lease in perpetuity, at a rent of four per cent. on the capital value, is the third method. The village settlement system provides for village sections of one acre, and for small farms of one hundred acres; but of late there has not been much settlement under this system. The Act of 1892 authorises the Government to purchase from private owners properties that are suitable for subdivision into farms; and under this Act and the consolidating Act of 1900, lands have been bought, divided into small farms, and leased in perpetuity at a four per cent. rental. Properties may be taken compulsorily in cases where the Board of Land Purchase Commissioners cannot agree with the owners as to price, and where the Governor-in-Council decides to acquire the land for closer settlement. In such cases the amount payable to the owner is decided by a Compensation Court, composed of a Judge of the Supreme Court and two assessors, one appointed by the Government, the other by the owner of the property. The properties which have, so far, been acquired compulsorily have been disposed of on satisfactory terms. Generally, the acquisition of lands under the Land for Settlement Act has proved beneficial in providing homes for a large class of men with moderate capital. In the disposition of such land preference is given to landless people; and applicants for rural land have to satisfy the Land Board as to their means to stock and cultivate the property applied for, and to erect suitable buildings. Small grazing-runs are divided into two classes; first, into areas not exceeding 5000 acres, and second, not exceeding 20,000 acres. The rental in both cases is not less than 2 1/2 per cent. on the capital value, and the capital value cannot be loss than five shillings per acre. These small runs are leased for a term of twentyone years, with the right of renewal for another twenty-one years; and improvements equal to the value of four years' rental must be made within six years. Pastoral runs are let by auction for varying terms, not exceeding twenty-one years, and must, save in exceptional cases, not be of greater extent than will carry 20,000 sheep, or 4000 head of cattle. The runs are classified from time to time by special Commissioners into (1) Pastoral lands which are suitable only for depasturing more than 5000 sheep; and (2) pastoral-agricultural lands suitable for subdivisioh into areas of under 5000 acres, which may be let as pastoral runs or cut up for settlement in some other form. All leases entitle the holder to grazing rights, but not to the soil, timber, or minerals.
, Commissioner of Crown Lands and Chief Surveyor for Otago, was born in Morayshire, Scotland, where he was educated, and arrived in Otago in
, Chief Draughtsman, District Land and Survey Department, and Examiner of Land Transfer plans, was born in Kinross, Scotland, in 1842. He was educated in Cleish, and in Edinburgh, came to Port Chalmers by the ship “Sevilla” in 1859, and shortly afterwards joined the survey staff of the Otago provincial government. Becoming a qualified surveyor in 1868, Mr. Thompson was engaged for about a year as a contract surveyor for the department. Subsequently, he became assistant surveyor in charge of the Martin's Bay settlement surveys. Owing to changes in the system of surveys, Mr. Thompson left the service and went to the North Island in 1872. He was appointed assistant surveyor at Wellington, but had to resign owing to ill-health. Returning to Otago he was appointed office-surveyor under the Otago district land and survey department in 1873, and afterwards became land transfer draughtsman, and also chief draughtsman in 1897. Mr. Thompson was married in 1876 to a daughter of Mr. D. S. Mackenzie, of Dunedin, and has five sons and five daughters.
, Draughtsman, Land and Survey Department, was born in
, Receiver of Land Revenue for the Otago district of the Lands and Survey Department, was born at Congleton, Cheshire, in 1842, and was educated in England and Germany. Arriving in Auckland in 1860 in the ship “Cadueeus,” he settled in Christchurch, and, after six months on a sheep station, became one of the first two telegraph operators in the Colony, under Mr. Sheath, the line between Lyttleton and Christchurch having just been completed. In 1862 Mr. Reade entered the Canterbury Provincial Survey Department at Christchurch, and remained there till 1865, when he was appointed to the position of chief clerk to the Land Board in the same city; in this position he remained until, in 1876, when he was appointed Receiver of Land Revenue for Canterbury, and became a member of the Land Board. Transferred in 1882 to Dunedin, he has since filled the office he now holds. Mr. Reade has long taken an active part in horticulture; he was a member and treasurer of the Christchurch Horticultural Society for many years, and during his residence in Dunedin has taken an active interest in the local society. Mr. Reade was married in 1877, and has two sons and one daughter.
, Chief Clerk, Crown Lands Department, Otago district, has for many years been a prominent Government official in Dunedin. He was born in Essex, England, in 1842, and accompanied his parents to Victoria in 1854, his education being completed at the Scotch College, Melbourne. After having engaged in mining he settled in Dunedin, in 1863, as assistant clerk to the provincial council of Otago, in which capacity he rendered such services that he was several times specially thanked for his faithful work. In 1871, on the retirement of the late Mr. Charles Smith, Mr. Sessions was appointed clerk of the council and librarian, and held these offices till the end of 1876, when the abolition of the provinces was finally consummated. During the session of 1875, a memorandum was read by the Speaker complimenting Mr. Sessions on the ability displayed in classifying the papers relating to the proceedings of the Southland provincial council during 1861–9, and in printing and publishing the same, and a bonus of £100 was voted as a mark of appreciation of his services. On the completion of his duties to the provincial council, Mr. Sessions was transferred to the Crown Lands Department, as clerk of goldfields' work; he was also appointed clerk in the warden's court, receiver of gold revenue and mining registrar at Dunedin, but afterwards relinquished the latter offices through pressure of work. He gradually advanced in the service till, in 1886, he was promoted to the office he now holds.
, formerly Draughtsman in the District Land and Survey Department, and Meteorologist at the Dunedin Observatory, was born in London in 1836, and was educated and brought up to farming in England. Mr. Skey came to Port Chalmers in 1860 by the ship “Evening Star,” and after a short experience of bush life and on the goldfields, joined the survey department under the late Mr. J. T. Thomoson, as a draughtsman. In 1882 Mr. Skey was promoted chief draughtsman, and held the position for ten years. Subsequent to 1865 he acted as meteorologist at the astronomleal observatory formerly located on Roslyn Hill, but now in Leith Valley. He retired from the public service on the 1st of August, 1903. Mr. Skey was married in 1866 to a daughter of Mr. A. H. Ross of Dunedin, and has three sons and three daughtets.
, Government Insurance Buildings, Princes Street, Dunedin. The Advances to Settlers Act was passed in 1894, with the object of helping colonists who were struggling under the burden of a high rate of interest and heavy legal expenses connected with mortages. The Act authorised the Government to raise a loan of £3,000,000, bearing interest at a rate not higher than four per cent. To carry out the objects of the Act an office was established, and a Board was constituted to co-operate with and advise the Superintendent. The business of the office consists in advancing money on a first mortgage on lands and improvements held under the various tenures in force in New Zealand. No loan of less than £25, or more than £3000 can be granted. Mortgages under the fixed loan system may be for a period not exceeding ten years, and the principal is made repayable at the end of that term, or it may be repaid in whole or in part on any half-yearly date falling due during the term. Interest is at the rate of 5 percent. payable half yearly, and is reducible to 4 1/2 per cent. provided payment is made not later than fourteen days after due date. Mortgages on the instalment system are repayable by seventy-three half-yearly payment's, which contain the principal and interest combined. They also may be paid wholly or in part at any time. Every half-yearly instalment,
occupies the left hand forntage of the Post Office building facing Princes Street. The Deeds Registry department has existed since the early days of the settlement of Otago, the Land Transfer department, now by far the more important, dating from 1871. The registrar has control of registrations for the Otago Lands and Deeds Registration districts.
, formerly District Land Registrar at Invercargill, succeeded Mr. Hanson Turton at Dunedin in December, 1903.
, formerly District Land Registrar and Registrar of Deeds, at Dunedin, was a Government servant for more than thirtyeight years. He is a son of the late Rev. Henry Hanson Turton, one of the early missionaries, who afterwards entered the public service, became Resident Magistrate and Warden of the Coromandel goldfields for several years, and subsequently represented Taranaki in the General Assembly. Born at Aotea in 1843, the subject of this sketch entered the Native Department, at Auckland, in 1858 as cadet, serving five and a half years under the late Sir Donald McLean. Leaving the department, he became a law student. and was admitted a barrister and solicitor of the Supreme Court of New Zealand in 1867. After practising on the Thames goldfields for two years, Mr. Turton was appointed Registrar of Deeds, District Land Registrar, and Native Trust Commissioner at Napier, where he remained for five years. He was then transferred to Dunedin, where he held similar positions up to the end of 1903, with the exception of the office of Native Trust Commissioner, which he held for very many years, but which became vested by statute in the local Resident Magistrate in the year 1894. During the Atkinson Government Mr. Turton was desired by Ministers to accept office as a Native Land Court Judge, but he preferred to retain his office as Registrar of Land Titles under the Torrens system of conveyancing. He resigned voluntarily towards the close of 1903, with a view to residing in Southern Europe.
(Dunedin District Agency), New Zealand Fire Insurance Buildings, Rattray and Crawford Streets, Dunedin. Telephone, 607; Post Office Box, 429, Bankers, Post Office Savings Bank. District agent. Mr. F. H. Morice, who opened the district agency in June, 1894. The district agent has seven sub-agents under his control; namely, Mr. C. W. Cooke, Oamaru; Constable Hilliard, Palmerston South; Mr. N. P. Hjorring, Naseby; Mr. W. R. Pearson, Lawrence; Mr. H. Symes, Alexandra South; Mr. C. E. Gudgeon, Queenstown; and Mr. James Wilson Wilson, Balclutha. The district extends from Waitaki in the north, and takes in the whole of the Otago land district. Mr. Morice is also secetary to the Otago Kaitangata Relief Fund Board.
, J. P., District Agent for the Public Trustee, was born in 1851 at La Colle, Canada, but in 1856 went with his father to England, where his family lived in Kent. He was educated at Grange Court, Chigwell, Essex, at Neuwied, Rhenish Prussia, and at Eastbourne, came to Lyttelton in the ship “Melita,” in 1867, and for some years was employed on a sheep run in the Canterbury province. In 1872 he joined the police force as a constable, was promoted after four years' service, to the rank of sergeant, and was for some years successively sergeant-in-charge at Christchurch and Lyttelton. At Wellington he was afterwards acting sergeant-major, but left the force in February, 1892, to join the Public Trust Office. His first duty was to open the Greymouth district agency, of which he continued in charge for about twelve months, when he was transferred to Dunedin to open the agency, of which he has since had the management. As a Freemason, Mr. Morice was initiated in Lodge Unanimity, Lyttelton, but he subsequently affiliated with Lodge St. Augustine, Christchurch. As a cricketer he belongs to the Carisbrook Cricket Club, and has played in most parts of New Zealand, either as a resident or a visitor. He is a member of the Otago Club. Mr. Morice was a sergeant in the Otago Hussars, and was sergeant-major of the New Zealand Contingent, which went to Sydney in January, 1901, to represent the colony at the swearing in of the Governor-General.
, Chief Clerk in the District Office of the Public Trustee, Dunedin, was born in 1872 in Christchurch, and was educated there at the Normal School and the Boys' High School. Having passed the junior and senior Civil Service examinations, he entered the Public Trust Office as a clerk in 1891, and was promoted to the chief clerkship in 1897. Mr. Allen is musical, and was a member of the Christchurch Motett Society, and always ready to assist in public entertainments, often acting as accompanist. He is an enthusiast in football and cricket, and was an active member of the Christchurch High School clubs for a long time. Mr. Allen was transferred to Dunedin in May, 1902.
is situated on the first floor over the Castle Street entrance of the Law Courts Buildings, and is under the charge of Mr. A. Walker and Mr. M. Sharp, Inspectors of Machinery and Examiners of Engineers for the district of Otago.
, Senior Inspector of Machinery, and Examiner of Engineers, Surveyors, and Engine Drivers, Dunedin, is a son of the late Mr. Peter Walker, who arrived in Dunedin in 1861. He was born in Dunedin, in 1864, and educated at the public school in Dunedin and Queenstown, and was subsequently apprenticed to Mr. Jabez Hay engineer, of Invercargill. On completing his articles in 1883 he removed to Dunedin, and entered the service of the Union Steamship Company, as engineer. He served on various steamers, and left the Company in 1893, as second engineer. Mr. Walker then went to Melbourne, where he was appointed assistant engineer to the Melbourne Corporation Freezing works; but twelve months afterwards he returned to New Zealand, to take charge of the Bluff Harbour Board's machinery. He was appointed to his present position in 1901.
, an Inspector of Machinery, Surveyor of Ships, and Examiner of Marine Engineers and Engine Drivers under the Inspection of Machinery Department, is stationed in Dunedin. He was born in Glasgow in 1856 and educated at St. Enoch's School, in his birthplace. His engineering training was gained as an indentured apprentice at Messrs G. and A. Harvey's works in Glasgow, where he served the full five years. To gain further experience, he afterwards served with Messrs John Elder and Co., the well known engineers and ship builders on the Clyde. In the year 1878 he joined the British and African Steam Navigation Company's service, sailing from the port of Liverpool as fourth engineer, and rising to the position of second engineer. On leaving the African Mail service in 1882, he joined the service of Messrs Raeburn and Verel, as chief engineer, sailing in the Eastern trade, and continued with them until 1888, when he joined Messrs Angier Bros.' fleet sailing out of London as chief engineer for six years. On leaving that service he was appointed supervisor in the construction of the Wellington Steam Ferry Company's steamer “Duchess,” at Glasgow. Mr. Sharp came out in the “Duchess,” as chief engineer, remaining in her for some years, and left the service to join the Wellington and Wanganui Shipping Comapany as chief engineer. While in this service he was appointed to his present position. He was stationed in Wellington for some time after his appointment, and afterwards transferred to Dunedin. Mr. Sharp holds the highest Board of Trade certificate. He is a Freemason, and is very popular amongst the brethren in Otago.
, formerly Inspector of Machinery for the district of Otago, was born in London in 1847 and taken by his parentsin 1853 to Constantinople, where he was educated, and trained in the Turkish Navy. in 1867, he was promoted to the rank of engineer and appointed to one of H. I. M.'s Ironclads then on active service in quelling the Cretan and Montenegrin insurrections. After sixteen years' service he retired from the Turkish navy and joined the military small arms works, where he continued till 1879, when he resigned and returned to London and entered the Royal carriage department, Woolwich Arsenal; and up to June, 1885, he served as third, second, and chief engineer in the “City,” Monarch,” and “Orient” lines. In October, 1885, he came to New Zealand to manage the Shaw Savill and Albion Company's freezing ship “Edwin Fox,” which he left at Lyttelton in 1891 and joined Nelson Bros., as inspecting engineer till 1892, when he was engaged as engineer for two years and eight months. On the death of Mr. Mouat, chief inspector of machinery, Mr. Wetherilt was transferred to Dunedin as inspector of machinery for Otago and Southland, engineer-surveyor of steamers, and examiner of engineers. Mr. Wetherilt was married to a daughter of Mr. T. Reay, engineer in the Turkish navy, and has three sons. He is now (1904) stationed at Auckland.
has its office in the Stock Exchange Buildings, 4 Water Street, Dunedin. The Department controls the state expenditure for keeping down the rabbit pest, and the inspection of stock. The departmental staff includes veterinary surgeons, who are available when an outbreak of disease is reported in stock, and fruit experts whose duty it is to advise on the most suitable fruits to grow in the various districts, and the best way to eradicate the pests and blights which attack orchards. With a view to keeping down the rabbit nuisance, inspectors and agents see that the provisions of the law are carried out. Men are also employed to keep down the pest on the Crown lands, and the expenditure thus made necessary, amounts to nearly £15,000 per annum. The Department administers the storage provided by the Government for dairy and other produce previous to shipment; and its staff also includes the instructors who have been appointed by the Government to advise farmers, and deliver lectures on butter and cheese making and the raising of poultry. Mr. J. E. Thomson is Inspector of Stock and Registrar of Brands for the district of Otago, Mr. T. A. Fraser Assistant Chief Inspector, and Mr. H. C. Wilkie, Government Veterinary Surgeon.
, Inspector of Stock and Chief Registrar of Brands for Otago, was born in Argyleshire, Scotland. After a short stay in Victoria, he arrived in Canterbury, New Zealand, in 1854. He and his two brothers, Messrs Leslie and Andrew Thomson, took up the Otaio run, near Timaru, where they carried on sheepfarming until 1869. For seven years subsequently Mr. Thomson carried on sheepfarming on a run at Akitio, on the east coast of the Wellington district. In 1889 he retired from pastoral life to accept an appointment in the Stock Department, at Christchurch, and was transferred to his present position in Otago, in 1895. Mr. Thomson married a daughter of Mr. Isaac Sheath, a well known colonist, who arrived in Canterbury in 1861.
, Assistant Chief Inspector of Stock for the South Island, is a son of the late Hon. Captain Fraser. He was born in Inverness, Scotland. and was educated partly in France and the Channel Islands, and partly in Australia. Mr. Fraser came to Wellington with his parents in 1858. He joined the Lands Department
The Office of Registrar of Births, Deaths, and Marriages, with which is associated the office of Registrar of Electors for Dunedin City and Caversham, is situated at No. 2 Bond Street, Dunedin, It was established in 1848. The registrar is Mr. Henry Maxwell.
comprise nearly all Otago. It is bounded on the east by the sea; on the north by Shag river; on the west by Cromwell and Tapanui, down to Waipahi junction, and thence in a direct line to the sea. There are thirty-six stations in the district, and with the exception of Port Chalmers, Lawrence and Clyde, each station is in charge of a constable, under the direct supervision of the inspector. Formerly the head office was in Maelanggan Street, but now it is in Lower High Street, and consists of a two-storey building in brick, erected in 1895. The present police staff for the whole district consists of an inspector, sub-inspector, eight sergeants, five detectives, one mounted constable (for the city), seventy constables, and a matron for female prisoners.
, Chief of Police for the Otago District, was born at Limerick, Ireland, in 1849, and arrived in New Zealand early in 1869, by the ship “Lady Egidia.” For five years after landing he was engaged in gold mining. In 1874 he joined the Otago police force, and three years later he was promoted to the rank of sergeant. He served in that capacity for two years, when he was promoted to detective, and served as such till 1889. He then became sub-inspector, and in 1900 was appointed inspector. Mr. O'Brien was married, in 1885, and has four daughters and two sons.
is built on a triangular section of land, an acre and three quarters in extent, fronting Stuart, Castle, High, and Gaol Streets; and is very centrally situated, near the railway station. On the acute angle of the allotments the local police barracks were very appropriately erected in 1895. The site was first occupied for the purposes of a gaol as far back as 1861, when the older portion of the premises—a two-storey stone building with a centre tower—was completed. Two years after its establishment the number of prisoners was 134, of whom 120 were males. Additional buildings of wood were afterwards added, and made the gaol capable of accommodating 150 prisoners. Some years afterwards considerable alterations were made in the interior arrangements, whereby the sanitary condition of the gaol was greatly improved, at the expense, however, of the accommodation, which was reduced to its previous capacity. A portion of the Artillery barracks at Taiaroa Heads is used as a supplementary gaol. In January, 1895, owing to the need for increased accommodation, a new brick building was commenced on the Castle street frontage. This building consists of two departments, the administrative, of two stories, and the prison, three stories in height, with cells for fifty-two men and twenty women.
, Gaoler of the Dunedin Gaol, was born in 1836 at Reading, Berks, England, where he was educated. He was apprenticed to a tailor in London, but, finding the occupation uncongenial, enlisted in 1853 in the Osmanli Horse Artillery for service with the Turkish Contingent, destined for Seutari, near Constantinople. When peace was proclaimed in 1856, he returned to London, and afterwards went to Canada. In the following year Mr. Phillips joined the 100th Regiment of Foot, ordered to India to assist in quelling the Mutiny. Peace being declared, he returned with his regiment to England, and later went out to Gibraltar, where he left the army and joined the convict prison service, with which he remained till May, 1875, on the abolition of the department. Again transferred to England, Mr. Phillips was appointed to Pentonville prison, pending a suitable vacaney elsewhere. Within a few months he received the appointment of gaoler at Lyttelton, with general supervision over the Canterbury gaols, and arrived to take up his duties in May, 1876, While he held this appoinment, the prison buildings now in use at Lyttelton were erected by prison labour. Mr. Phillips remained at Lyttelton till December, 1882, when he was transferred to the position he now holds at Dunedin. Since his arrival in Otago he has been an active member of Trinity Wesleyan church, of which he is a steward. Mr. Phillips was married in 1864 to a daughter of Mr. R. W. Campiar. of Gibraltar, but previously of Kent, England.
in Bankruptcy for the districts of Otago and Southland is in the Law Courts Buildings. Dunedin. A Court of Bankruptev is held about six times yearly, and is presided over by a Judge of the Supreme Court, who hears applications for discharges, and grants orders for winding up insolvent estates. Ordinary bankruptcy business is heard by the Official Assignee at his offices.
, S.M., the Official Assignee, was born in Cupar, Fifeshire, Scotland, and educated at the Universities of St. Andrews and Edinburgh. He came to Australia in 1855, and carried on a large mercantile business in Melbourne in conjunction with his brothers. In 1866 he arrived in New Zealand, and took up a large sheep run on the Waitaki. Mr. Graham sat for Oamaru in the House of Representatives from 1869 to 1872, and afterwards on removing to the North Island, he represented Rangitikei in the Provincial Council of Wellington, and was Chairman of Committees. He was a member, and secretary of the Wellington Education Board, and also secretary of Wellington College Board of Governors. In 1878 Mr. Graham was appointed Town Clerk of Wellington, and five years later became Official Assignee in that city, with jurisdiction over Napier, Nelson, Marlborough, and Westland and in 1893 was transferred to Dunedin.
for the Otago, Canterbury and Southland districts is domiciled on the first floor of the Custom House Building, Dunedin, overlooking High, Rattray and Princes Streets, and directly opposite the Cargill monument. The district engineer is supported by two assisant engineers, two draughtsmen, and five inspectors.
, M. Inst. C. E., District Engineer of the Public Works Department in Dunein, is a Canadian by birth. He was born in 1839, and was educated in Toronto and Bowmanville in his native land. Mr. Ussher studied for his profession in Toronto, becoming a licensed surveyor in 1860, and engaged in Government surveys and railway work till 1863, when he went to Melbourne. About the close of the same year he settled in Dunedin, where he was appointed an officer of the roads department under the Provincial Government, and continued till 1868, when—with many others—he retired from the service. Until November, 1871, Mr. Ussher engaged in private practice in Dunedin as a civil engineer and surveyor, when he was appointed to the public works department under Mr. W. N. Blair,—late engineer in chief, and was for several years engaged in laying off various sections of railway, as well as designing and supervising the erection of several large bridges. In 1887. he became district engineer. Mr. Ussher was married in 1873 to a daughter of the late Mr. Alexander Stuart of Dunedin, and has eight sons and one daughter.
Dunedin. This office, which was established in 1892, is generally assisted by the police in the work which it carries on under the direction of the Minister of Labour, and the Secretary of the Labour Department.
for the provincial district of Otago is situated on the ground floor of the Post Office Buildings, Water Street, Dunedin. Mr. James Beveridge Lindsay, the inspector, is assisted by Mrs Maxwell.
, Inspector of Factories for the Department of Labour, was born in Fifeshire, Scotland, and educated at the Commerical College, Dunfermline. He was for four years a cadet in coal and shale mines. In 1875 Mr. Lindsay removed to Australia and was for five years manager of a coal mine at Newcastle, New South Wales. He then came to Otago, where he was at first engaged in storekeeping, but was subsequently a mine manager at Orepuki. After holding that position for four years and a half, he retired owing to a change in the proprietorship of the mine. He was then employed in the office of Messrs Broderick and Son, until 1900, when he was appointed Inspector of Factories at Invercargill, whence he was transferred in 1902 to Dunedin, as Mr. Maxwell's successor. One of the duties of the position consists in securing work for unemployed men, in the construction of the Government railways or with private persons. Mr. Lindsay holds a mine manager's certificate by examination. As a Freemason he is affiliated to Lodge Hiram, English Constitution, No. 46.
has an office in the Government Insurance Buildings at the corner of Princes and Rattray Streets, Dunedin. Mr. Edwin Green is Inspector, and Mr. Robert McIntosh, Assitant Insector, and their duties extend throughout the mining districts of the Middle Island. The head office of the Middle Island. The head office of the Department is in the Government Buildings, Wellington; Minister of Mines, the Hon. James McGowan; Under Secretary, Mr. H. J. H. Elliott. The total value of gold obtained in New Zealand during the year ending on the 31st of March, 1903, was £2,024,731, and the production of coal for 1902 was 1,362,702 tons. The total value of gold, silver, coal and kauir gum produced in the colony up to the end of 1902 was £82,282,588. In 1902 the gold entered for export through the Customs was as follows: Auckland, 201,861 ounces £728,498); Marlborough, 277 ounces (£1108); Nelson, 4207 ounces (£17,118); West Coast, 104,441 ounces (£418,322); Canterbury, 19 ounces (£71); Otago, 128,200 ounces (£515,265). The largest mines are in the Upper Thames and Reefton districts. Hydraulic, dredging and alluvial mining are confined chiefly to the Middle Island. Dredging is carried on mainly on the West Coast, in Southland and on the Otago rivers, and the total number of dredges returned in December, 1902 was 292. With respect to coal the returns for 1902 showed an increase of 135,000 tons on the previous year's output. The export of sulphur has latterly fallen off, and the output of kauri gum is steadily diminishing in quantity.
, Assistant Inspector of Mines for Otago, was born at Blue Spur, Tuapeka. He was educated at the Lawrence District High School, of which he was Dux Medallist in 1894, and at the Otago University. He studied under the late Professor Ulrich, of the Otago School of Mines, and after a most successful course, obtained the diploma of Associate of the Otago School of Mines, and a certificate as a metallurgical chemist and assayer. Mr. McIntosh had a thorough training in gold dredging, quartz reefing. and hydraulic sluicing, in New South Wales and New Zealand. He joined the Mines Department in 1901, and was appointed Assistant Inspector of Mines in 1902. Mr. McIntosh has had some experience in volunteering, and was sergeant in the Lawrence High School Cadets. As a Freemason he is attached to Lodge St. George, Tuapeka, 1129, English Constitution.
, F. S. Sc., formerly Acting-Inspector of Mines in Dunedin, but now (1904) Inspecting Engineer, Mines Department, Wellington, was born at St. Helens, Lancashire, in 1857, and was educated at the Eccleston private commercial school. He studied for his profession as a mining engineer at the mines belonging to the St. Helens Collieries Company, Ltd., and in 1879, became confidential assistant to Mr. B. B. Glover, a well-known Lancashire mining engineer who had charge of the extensive colleries at Haydock. Mr. Glover had also a large private practice as consulting engineer, and this work was entrusted entirely to Mr. Hayes. He was subsequently appointed to the management of a group of collieries in the Cumberland district, employing nearly a thousand persons. He took charge in 1883, and remained for seven years. during which the output was very largely increased. Mr. Hayes came to New Zealand, via Melbourne in 1890, and for some years had charge of the Hokonui railway and colliery in Southland. He was appointed Inspector of Mines, in Otago in 1897, and Inspecting Engineer to the Mines Department in 1899, In 1888, Mr. Hayes was elected a fellow of the society of science, and awarded the gold medal of the society in the following year in recognition of his valuable contributions to mining literature, as well as for his invention of what is now known as the “Hayes' Mining Level,” an instrument for ascetaining the proper levles in mines. This is a class of work that had not previously been satisfactorily accomplished in steep mines by other methods. Another of his inventions is the “Hayes' Fan,” for the ventilation of mines; a machine which has proved a decided improvement on several other types of ventilating machines. Before coming to the Colony, Mr. Hayes was a prime mover in establishing the National Association of colliery managers in Great Britain, which is limited to holders of first-class certificates; the object of the association is the protection of its members and the mutual advancement of the profession, socially and scientifically. This association has proved very successful, and both capitalists and workers have profited greatly by its operations. Mr. Hayes is the author of “Notes on the Opening and Development of a New Colliery”—a series of articles written specially for “the Colliery Manager and Journal of Mining Engineering” (London), and of a short treatise on “Explosions in Coal Mines,” which has been issued in pamphlet form by the government printing office, Wellington, as a reprint from the “New Zealand Mines Record.” Mr. Hayes was married in 1883 to a daughter of the late Mr. J. M. Stanfield, of Manchester, and has four daughters and five sons.
, Law Court Buildings, Dunedin. Head Office, Government Buildings, Wellington, Mr. A. Stubbs, Patent Agent for Dunedin, Deputy Registrar and Sheriff of the Supreme Court, and Clerk of Awards of the Arbitration and Conciliation Court for the Otago and Southland Industrial districts, first joined the Govenment service in 1882. After twenty years in Napier, he was transferred to Dunedin in 1901. Mr. Stubbs is a volunteer of many years' standing, and first joined the Nelson Artillery Cadets in 1879, and the Napier Rifle Corps in 1881. He was transferred to the reserve in 1898, with the rank of lieutenant-quartermaster, and holds the long service medal.
is situated in the building known as the Central Police Station, Lower High Street, Dunedin. All weights and measures are produced for inspection, and stamped by the inspector.
, Inspector of Weights and Measures, and Fisheries, for
was constituted in 1901, and has its head office in the Government Buildings, Wellington. Sir Joseph Ward is Minister of Health for the colony. Health Officers at the various ports inspect all vessels arriving from foreign countries, and have power to order the quarantine of suspicious cases. Local authorities may be called on to abate nuisances or to isolate any portion of a district at the instance of the Health Officer. The public Health Office for Otago and Southland is in the Government Buildings, Dunedin.
, M.D., C.M., Aberdeen, District Health Officer for Otago and Southland, was born in Scotland. He took his degrees in 1873, and practised his profession in Aberdeen until 1886. He was for a time Assistant Professor of Medical Jurisprudence at Aberdeen University. Dr. Ogston came to Dunedin in 1886, under appointment as Lecturer on Medical Jurisprudence and Hygiene, for the University of Otago. He is the only lecturer on Public Health in the colony.
, Assistant Inspector of Health at Dunedin, was born in 1885, at sea, on the steamer “Egmont,” bound from Melbourne to Hokitika. He was educated at Milton Hall Private School, Stuart Street, Dunedin, at the Normal School, and the University of Otago, where he studied for many years as a medical student. Mr. Gunn became secretary and dispenser to the Southland Hospital, Invercargill, and held the position ofr ten years; and was appointed to his present office in Dunedin, in 1901. As a volunteer Mr. Gunn served as sub-lieutenant in the Normal School Cadets, and in 1886 took the Sir John Richardson medal for officers' drill. He was married, in 1891. to a daughter of the late Mr. M. Hislop, of Dunedin, and has two daughters.
, Standard Insurance Buildings, Lower High Street, Dunedin. This office, which is conveniently situated near the railway station and wharf, was established on the 1st of May, 1903. Tourists visiting the colony can receive all information about the best sights to see, the routes to take, either by coach or steamer, and the accommodation to be obtained at hotels and accommondation houses. Arrangements are also made for furnishing tourists with guides. The Office has photographs of the principal places of interest in New Zealand. Mr. George W. Coutts Moon is the officer in charge at Dunedin.
at present consists of a row of dilapidated offices, on each side of the main trunk railway, and is connected by an overhead bridge for pedestrians; but a new station is now (January, 1904), in course of construction at the foot of Stuart Street. In the railway system of Otago and Southland, the main trunk line, which enters the provincial district at Waitaki, passes through the chief centres of population near the coast, and extends to Orepuki, a total distance of 274 miles. The Otago Central line, which is in course of construction, is opend up as far as Ida Valley, and it joins the main line at Wingatui, near Dunedin. Other branch lines extend to Hakataramea, Ngapara, Tokarahi, Shag Point, Dunback, Outram, Lawrence, Kaitangata, Owaka, Heriot, Glenham, Kingston, Mossburn, Gorge Road, Bluff, Hedgehope, and Nightcaps.
, Stationmaster at Dunedin, was born in Canterbury in 1862, and educated at various schools in that district. He entered the Railway Department as a cadet in 1878, at Christchurch. After two years he was transferred to the Traffic Superintendent's office, Dunedin, then removed to Auckland as parcel's clerk, and afterwards spent another two years in the Traffic Superintendent's office. He was Traffic Inspector at Auckland for two years, and stationmaster at Newmarket for seven years. In April, 1895, he was appointed stationmaster in charge of the Picton section, where he remained about two years. and in February, 1897, was appointed to Whangarei. From there he was transferred to his present post at Dunedin. Whilst at Picton, Mr. Duncan was actively connected with the Literary Institute, and he is an excellent amateur actor He was married, in 1885, and has seven childern.
, Goods Agent at the Dunedin Railway Station, was born in Perth, Scotland, in 1860, and was educated in his native land. He gained his experience in railway management under the North British Company, the service of which he entered as a clerk in 1875, rising through the various ranks of the service till he became station master. He was appointed in 1890 traffic manager to the New Zealand Midland Railway Company, and came to the colony per S.S. “Ruapehu,” When the Government took over the company's line he continued in the same position till Feburary, 1897, when he was transferred to Dunedin to his present appointment. Mr. Wallace was married in 1888 to a daughter of Mr. Thomas Shortreed, of Cloven Forest, near Galashiels, Scotland, and has one son and one daughter.
, Hillside, Dunedin. These workshops are situated about a mile and a half from the city, and cover an area of about five acres of land. The first building was erected in 1877, but since then, owing to the rapid growth of railways in Otago, and the necessity for more modern and up-to-date machinery, the workshops have grown, and they are now the second largest in the colony. There are 400 men employed in building locomotives and cars, and in repairing rolling stock. All the wheels used in connection with railroad traffic throughout the colony are cast and made at Hillside, special hydraulic machinery having been imported for the purpose. The shops are stocked with the most modern machinery obtainable, and skilled mechanics are in charge of each department. Offices for the manager and clerical staff are enclosed within the yards, and a system of orderliness seems to pervade the whole establishment.
, Railway Workshops Manager, Hillside, Dunedin, was born in the north of England in 1853, and arrived in New Zealand in 1876. He entered the railway service, and worked his way up until he was appointed manger of the Taranaki section, whence he was transferred to the management of the Bay of Islands section. In 1900 he was appointed manager of the Hillside workshops.
In Otago, and similarly throughout New Zealand, one of the most satisfactory features of the social condition of the community is the wide distribution of wealth. It is, unfortunately, true that a certain amount of poverty does exist, but there is no hereditary pauper class, and few if any children are born into the hopeless condition which characterises the lives of so many millions in Europe. The assistance afforded by the State to able-bodied men, who are out of work, is usually in the form of employment in the construction of public works. The chief care of the authorities, as regards charity, is directed to the rescue of the young from criminal companionship and temptation to crime, the support of the aged and infirm, the care of the imbecile or insane, and to subsidising private institutions for the care of the sick and injured, and the amedlioration of want. Even where the State grants aid for philanthropie purposes the institutions so assisted are managed by local bodies, and in addition to State-aided institutiens, there are charities maintained by private subseriptions. The leading charitable institutions of Otago are enumerated in this section.
. Members: Messrs Peter Miller (chairman), J. Barnes, George Law. rence, James Sim, W. Burnett, W. Robertson, J. Harrison, James Hazlett, T. Mackenzie, M.H. R., W. Hay, T. Aitken, W. Willis, J. M. Begg, W. Wardrop, and F. G. Cray, Mr. T. S. Graham is secretary. This body is charged with the duty of rasing by levy on the local bodies within its jurisdiction, sufficient funds to enable it, with the aid of the Government subsidy of pound for pound, to contribute what is required for the discharge of the functions of the various charitable institutions. The Otago Benvolent Institution and Caversham Industrial School are the most important establishments maintained by the Board, the former receiving about £7750 and the latter £2900 per annum. Contributions are also allocated to the South Dunedin Receiving Home, “To Oranga,” the Burnham Industrial School, Christchurch, and St. Mary's Industrial School, Nelson—where children from Otago are trained—and to the Dunedin Female Refuge. Meetings of the Board are held at 2 o'clock on the third Thursday in each month, at the office of the secretary, 99 Princes Street, Dunedin.
Members: Messrs Peter Miller (chairman) J. Barnes, J. Harrison, T. Aitken, George Lawrence, W. Robertson, W. Wardrop, F. G. Cray, T. Mackenzie, M.H.R., W. Hay, W. Wills, J. M. Begg. Mr. T. S. Graham is secretary. The duties of this Board are confined to raising funds to provide for the local hospital, which requires £6000 per annum for its adequate maintenance. Under its charter the Board levies contributions, payable on monthly or quarterly instalments, on all local bodies, save those that maintain their own hospital; the usual subsidy, pro rata, being recevied from the Government. Meetings are held on the third Thursday of each month at 2.15 p.m., at the office of the secretary, 99 Princes Street.
, who since the year 1889 has occupied the important postion of Chairman of the Dunedin Hospital Trustees, was born in 1850 at Ayr, Scotland and was educated at the Newton parish school. He was brought up to the saddlery business in Ayr, and came to Port Chalmers per ship “James Nicol Fleming” in 1872. After being a short time in business in Dunedin he went to Lawrence, where he was established for ten years. During his residence on the goldfields he was for several years a member of the borough council, and was also mayor of the borough council, and was also mayor of Lawrence. He removed to Dunedin in 1884 and succeeded Mr. George Dowse, one of the oldest establihsed saddlers in the city. Mr. Miller was elected in 1897 a member of the Dunedin city council, and has also occupied a seat on the charitable aid board since the coming into operation of the “Hospital and Charitable Aid Act.” He is a prominent member of the Dunedin Jockey Club, of which he has been a steward for many years, and has acted as judge for a number of years. He was married in 1879 to a daughter of Mr. George Hay, of South Molyneux, squatter, and has three sons and three daughters.
. This fine institution was originally established in 1850, a sum of £250 out of the customs duties being granted for its erection by Sir George Grey, then Governor of New Zealand. It was the first institution which was in advance of the times, inasmuch as for two years there were no patients; the old building, erected on the site of the present Town Hall, was made a refuge for three insane persons, and thus became the first lunatic asylum before it was used for the physically sick. At the time of the gold “rush,” extensive additions were made to the original building first used for the purpose of a hospital, and the demands increased year by year for several years. Until 1866, the hospital consisted of several one, two, and three-storey buildings; but in that year the industrial exhibition building in Great King Street, which had served the
, M.B. B.Ch, (New Zealand University), M.R.C.S. (England), House Surgeon of the Dunedin Hospital, is the second son of Mr. W. J. Hall, of Roslyn He was born in Dunedin in 1875, and was educated, primarily at the Christian Brothers school, and subsequently at the Otago University, where he graduated M.B., B.Ch., in 1899. Dr. Hall was then appointed an assistant medical officer to the Porirua Asylum, Wellington, and in 1900 he became Assistant House Surgeon to the Christchurch Hospital. In the succeeding year he was appointed House Surgeon to the Dunedin Hospital, but resigned that post in Apirl, 1902, to visit the Old Country. He spent about thirteen months in England, during which he gained experience in the London Hospital, the Western General Dispensary at Marylebone, and the London Throat and Ear Hospital. In June, 1903, he sailed as surgeon on board the “Maori,” for New Zealand, and on his arrival in Dunedin was appointed to his present position. Dr Hall is a member of the New Zealand Branch of the British Medical Association.
, M.B., Ch.B., Assistant House Surgeon of the Dunedin Hospital, was born in December, 1877, and is the eldest son of Mr. Lewis Hotop, a chemist, of Queenstown, Otago. He was educated at the Queenstown public school, the Otago Boys' High School, and the Otago University, at which he gained his diplomas in the early part of 1903. Dr. Hotop is well known as an athlete. In 1901 he was one of the representatives of the Otago football team, which played against Wellington and Southland, and he has also taken an active part in running.
, who was appointed Dispenser to the Dunedin Hospital in June, 1902, is a native of Auckland. He was born in 1876, and is the youngest son of Mr. Thomas Colin Thwaites, an early colonist, who was for many years engaged in the sawmilling industry in Auckland town and district. Mr. Thwaites was primarily educated in the Aucklanl city schools, for the most part under his brother, who is at present (1904) headmaster of the Epsom public school, and in 1892 was apprenticed as a chemist and druggist under Messrs Henderson and Orr, of Queen Street. In 1896 he removed to Christchurch, where he managed the Sydenham Pharmacy, for Mr. Spencer Vincent. Mr. Thwaites gained his diploma as a duly qualified chemist in 1897, and in the following year he returned to Auckland, where, in the Upper Thames gold-mining districts, he practised his profession for about two years. In 1900 he gained an appointment under Mr. William Parker, of Manners Street, Wellington, and fifteen months later was engaged to manage a pharmacy at Feilding, whence, in 1902 he proceeded to his present position. Mr. Thwaites is a member of the Otago Pharmaceutical Associtaion.
, Matron of the Dunedin Hospital, was born at Largs, Ayrshire, Scotland, and was educated at Greenock. Miss Fraser was trained as a nurse at the Edinburgh Royal Infirmary,
, Secretary and House Steward of the Dunedin Hospital, was born in 1840 in County Down, Ireland, and was educated partly at national schools and partly at Queen's College, Belfast. Mr. Burns went through a course of instruction in agriculture, science, mineralogy, geology, and experimental physics, and in his second year at college took a scholarship. In 1860 he came to New Zealand by the ship “Mermaid,” and for about two years was engaged in agricultural pursuits in the north of Auckland. At the time of the Maori disturbances in the northern part of New Zealand he joined the volunteers and went to the front, was ensign in the Waikato Militia, and subsequently promoted to lieutenant, serving altogether three years. Mr. Burns was afterwards some years on the Thames goldfield, where he engaged in mining and earried on business as a legal manager. Subsequently, he was engaged in mercantile life in Auckland. He came to Dunedin about 1876, and was appointed to the position he now holds at the hospital on the 3rd of February, 1877. Under his special care and direction a very large number of improvements have been effected in connection with that institution, which owes a great deal of its present efficiency to his intelligence and zeal. As a volunteer, Mr. Burns has had considerable experience; in Auckland he was captain in the Hobson rifles, and in Dunedin captain became in the North Dunedin rifles; he retired from the first battalion of Otago volunteers with the rank of major.
, Chaplain of the Dunedin Hospital, and of the Gaol and Lunatic Asylum, was born in Edinburgh, Scotland, in 1832, and was educated in his native city. He arrived in Port Chalmers by the ship “Ben Lomond” in 1863. Mr. Torrance was first appointed chaplain by the provincial government of Otago in 1863. Nine years afterwards the government chaplaincy ceased, when the provinces were abolished. Thereupon (in 1877) the Dunedin Patients' and Prisoners Aid Society was established, and by it the chaplaincy was continued, with the addition of an aid branch, Mr. Torrance being retained as the Society's chaplain and agent. In 1901 Mr. Edward Andrew Axelson was engaged as assistant, and appointed junior chaplain and agent in 1902. He was born in Skusdesnes, Norway, in 1870, was educated in his native city, and arrived in the colony by the “Tainui” in 1889.
. This asylum was established in 1877. As it now exists it is one of the most noteworthy institutions in the Colony. The asylum estate comprises about 1000 acres, and the building commands a noble view of the surrounding country, and is itself visible from the deck of passing steamers. In front there is a large lawn, which is used by patients and attendants for cricket. There is also an enclosed and prettily laid out recreation ground for female patients; there is a summer house provided with seats in the ground; walks are asphalted, and the surrounding fence is hid from view, which at first sight gives an impression of perfect freedom from restraint; a circumstance which at first sight gives an impression of perfect freedom from restraint; a circumstance which must prove beneficial to patients. The building itself is of brick, with cement facings. It is of a bold design, and is three stories high in front and two behind. Female patients occupy the northern half, and males the southern portion of the building. There is an entrance hall in the centre of the building, with offices off the entrance, to the right. At the end of the hall there is a large reception room for visitors seeing patients, and to the left are the surgery and laboratory, accident ward, etc. On the first floor there are convalescent and refractory wards for each sex, and these are provided with all necessary hospital accommodation, lavatories, cells, etc. The bedrooms are on the second floor. The convalescent ward for men is provided with billiard, sitting and dining rooms, and similar provision is made for the women patients, with the difference that a sewing room takes the place of a billiard room. Immediately over the entrance hall there is the general dining room, with all necessary provision for both patients and attendants; and above it, again, there is the large music hall, which serves as a chapel, and there is a concert hall and ball room, with a gallery, a large stage and the usual appliances. The building is fitted with proper fire escapes and fire alarms, and there is a patent electric tally to denote the rounds of the night watchman, and the times of his visits to the different wards. A very complete system of heating is provided for the whole building. A large fine weather recreation ground, surrounded with a high
, M.B., C.M., B. Sc. in Public Health, Edinburgh, Superintendent of the Seacliff Asylum, is a native of New Plymouth, Taranaki. He was born in 1858, and completed his education in Edinburgh, where he graduated in 1886. He afterwards became Resident Physician of the Royal Infirmary, Edinburgh, and, later on, of the Royal Infirmary in Glasgow. In 1888 he returned to New Zealand. He was Surgeon-Superintendent of the Wellington Hospital for about a year, and in 1889 was appointed to his present position. Dr. Truby King is Lecturer on Mental Diseases, and Examiner in Public Health and Medical Jurisprudence, at the University of Otago.
is situated at Lookout Point, Caversham, Dunedin, and was proclaimed an Industrial School in the Otago Provincial “Gazette” during the year 1869. The establishment of the institution was due to the far-sightedness of Mr. James Macandrew, then Superintendent of the Province of Otago, and Mr. St. John Branigan, Superintendent of Police for Otago, both of whom recognised the advantages that would arise from the training of neglected and criminal children, though the numbers of these at that time were few. The school was placed under the management of Mr. Brittain, who resigned his office as sergeant of police to take up the work, and for six years he conducted the institution, which under the admirable supervision of Mr. Branigan and Dr. John Hislop, Secretary of Education for Otago, fully realised the hopes of its founders. In 1875 Mr. Brittain died, and was succeeded by Mr. Elijah Titchener, at the time of his appointment a sergeant of police in Otago. During the seventeen years that Mr. Titchener held office (he resigned in September, 1892) a number of additions were made to the buildings, which had been found all too small for their purpose. In 1876, on the abolition of the provinces, the management of the institution passed into the hands of the General Government. In the earlier days of Mr. Titchener's management, up to 1886, the barrack system prevailed, and there were over three hundred children at one time in the school, many of them infants; but in 1886 the boarding-out system was adopted by the Government. This reduced the numbers considerably, and improved matters very much. In 1889 the School Band took a prize at the Exhibition, which was held in that year in Dunedin. On the 13th of October, 1892, the Hon. W. P. Reeves, then Minister of Education, appointed the present Manager of the School, Mr. G. M. Burlinson, at that time headmaster of the Chapel Street School, in Auckland. Since 1892 considerable additions have been made to the building. These include the whole of the girls' part, which is a brick building, thoroughly fitted up with all the later sanitary and other improvements. A new dining hall and kitchen, also in brick, were subsequently added; and, but for the separation of the sexes, the boys' part—which is composed of old wooden buildings that did duty in Dunedin as a post office, etc.—would have been rebuilt in brick.
The system of boarding-out children has been extended. In place of the children returning to the school at the age of twelve they remain in their foster-homes till they are fourteen, and if the foster-parents find them situations, which are approved by the Manager, they are allowed to go to these, and some of them do not return to the school at all. Foster-parents are paid at the rate of 7s a week for the care of children, who are visited every month by a lady residing in the district, and acting as Local Visitor, and three times a year by Visiting Officers from the Department of Education, Wellington, the supreme controlling body. The teachers of the public schools are also asked to report every quarter on all boarded-out children attending schools, and in addition to this the Manager makes personal visits in any cases that require immediate attention. Miss Jessie Sievwright is the Official Correspondent to the Boarding-out Department, and acts in conjunction with the Manager of the School in these matters. She succeeded to this position in 1890, when her predecessor, Miss Janet, resigned.
The day school attached to the institution is carried on exactly on the same lines as a public school, so far as regards the syllabus of instruction. Under the careful tuition of Mr. D. W. M. Burn, the schoolmaster, Miss J. Falconer, schoolmistress, and Miss Harrison, assistant, the children make good progress, and hold their own with the pupils of any other school. In addition to the teachers, the Manager has a staff comprising a clerk, assistant clerk, carpenter, gardener, attendant, matron, cook, laundress, dressmaker, machinist. The medical officer, who has a service experience of over twenty-five years, attends once every week, and at any other time that he may be required.
The object of the institution is the moral, physical, and mental training of children, who have been left in indigent circumstances, or who have committed offences not sufficiently gross to cause them to be sent to a reformatory. The school is governed under the Industrial Schools Act, 1882, and the Amendment Act of 1895, and is under the control of the Minister of Education.
The institution is situated at the top of Caversham Rise, in a picturesque position, with a splendid view of the ocean and part of the town. The buildings comprise girls' part, which is completely cut off from the boys', dining hall, kitchen, etc.; boys' dormitories, day school, carpenter's shop, recreation hall, bathroom, theatre, and two hospitals, one for each sex; these have been added quite recently. Probably about two thousand inmates have passed through the school, and many of them occupy responsible positions in New Zealand and the adjacent colonies. The present (January, 1904) number of inmates is 539; of these 141 reside in the school, 183 are boarded-out, 27 are licensed to friends, and the remainder are at service.
The amount standing to the credit of inmates at service is about £6000, in sums ranging from a few pounds to thirty or forty pounds. This money is handed over to inmates of good character, when the Minister is satisfied as to the purpose for which they require the money.
, Manager of the Caversham Industrial School, was born in Kent, England, in 1854, and is a son of Dr N. Burlinson, sometime of Mauritius. He was educated at the Royal College, Mauritius, and afterwards came to New Zealand, where he entered the teaching profession as a member of the staff of the Newton East School, Auckland. In 1887 he was appointed headmaster of the Albert Street School, which was established for the education and training of children, who for various reasons did not attend the ordinary public schools. Five years later he was offered his present appointment, which he accepted. Mr. Burlinson has not only proved a capable manager of the institution over which he now presides, but has also done a great deal, by articles contributed to various daily papers, to stimulate public opinion with respect to the necessity for such institutions. He is Major of the No. 3 Battalion of the Otago Public School Cadets, is a member of the Royal Horticultural Society of England, and President of the Dunedin Horticultural Society.
, M.A., Headmaster of the day school connected with the Caversham Industrial School, was born in Geelong, Victoria, Australia, in 1862 and came to Dunedin in 1870. He was educated at the Otago Boys' High School, and the University of Otago, and gained distinction in Latin and French. In 1884 he entered the teaching profession as a member of the staff of the Wellington College, and since that date has held several important appointments in Canterbury and Otago. He was appointed to his present post in 1895. Mr. Burn is well known as a public lecturer, and as a writer whose work in verse and prose is marked by distinction.
. This association grew out of a meeting held on the 24th of April, 1862, which was followed on the 22nd of May in the same year by a gathering of subscribers, who elected the first committee, namely, Major Richardson, Superintendent of the province (president), Mr. W. Day (treasurer), and Messrs A. C. Strode, J. Vogel, St. John Branigan, J. A. Douglas, C. H. Street, E. Caspar, and J. Rattray. The first meeting of the committee was held on the 29th of May, 1862. The institution, thus established, has been a power for good in the past; its inmates, who are lodged in comfortable wards, consist mostly of old people of both sexes, no longer fit for work. There is also a maternity ward containing six beds. A steam laundry—a very urgent necessity—was completed at a cost of about £1,100. From the years 1862 to 1885 the revenue of the instiution was derived from voluntary contributions, which were subsidised by the Government at the rate of pound for pound. The Charitable Aid Act came into operation in the year 1885, and provided for the raising of necessary funds by rates on boroughs, county councils, and road boards, these amounts being subsidised at the rate of pound for pound from the consolidated revenue. Voluntary contributions received a subsidy of twenty-four shillings in the pound, and bequests ten shillings in the pound to the extent of £500 of subsidy. Mr. Alfred Clulee is the secretary. The trustees meet every week at the office of the institution, Moray Place, Dunedin, for the purpose of considering applications for outdoor relief, and for general business.
, Chairman of the Otago Benevolent Institution, was born at St. Gluvius, near Penryn, in Cornwall, England, in December, 1831, and is the second son of the late Mr. Stephen Treseder, a nurseryman. He was educated at Truro, and trained as a draughtsman, and in that capacity he spent some time on the Taff Vale railway in Wales. In 1853 he sailed for Melbourne, and afterwards spent about ten years on the Victorian goldfields. Mr. Treseder landed in Dunedin in 1863, and spent six months on the Molyneaux diggings. He was then appointed to a position in the survey department of the Government service, and was stationed at Dunedin. Mr. Treseder retained that appointment for about thirty-four years, and resigned when chief draughts-man in 1897, since which he has lived in retirement. He was for several years chairman of the Albany Street school committee. Mr. Treseder was married in Victoria, in 1855, and has, surviving, five sons and four daughters.
, who has long been a member of the Dunedin Benvolent Society, and is well known in commercial circles in connection with the old established firm of Mackerras and Hazlett, was born in 1829
, Secretary of the Otago Benevolent Institution, was born in 1838 in Birmingham, where he was educated, and brought up in a merchant's warehouse. Mr. Clulee arrived in Lyttelton in 1861 per ship “Chrysolite,” and went on to Port Chalmers. He was first connected with the wholesale grocery business conducted by Mr. George Whittingham. Subsequently, he was a salesman at Messrs. Mackerras and Hazlett's, and was afterwards for four years with the firm of Messrs. Dalgety, Nichols and Co. Mr. Clulee was appointed secretary of the Benevolent Institution in 1884.
is erected on eight acres of land at the corner of the Main South Road and Alexandra Street, Caversham. The grounds are fully fenced and utilised as kitchen and flower gardens, the latter being tastefully laid out. The building is a three-storey brick structure with basement, and contains about fifty rooms. On the ground floor are the apartments of the manager, matron, women's day-room, family hospital ward, and a number of dormitories. The dining-rooms for the men and women are situated, respectively, at each end of the building, and the first and second floors are occupied almost entirely by sleeping apartments. The original building erected in 1865 contained but three rooms, but the present building has accommodation for about 300 inmates.
, Manager of the Otago Benevolent Institution Home, was born in County Cavan, Ireland, in 1854, and there received his education. He arrived at Port Chalmers in 1865, per ship “E. P. Bouverie.” For some time Mr. Mee followed agricultural pursuits on his farm in the neighbourhood of Oamaru. He joined the mounted police force in 1873, and served in Dunedin, Palmerston, and Lawrence. On leaving the force he joined the staff of the Dunedin lunatic asylum, subsequently becoming chief warder. Mr. Mee was afterwards warder in the Timaru hospital, and became surgical warder in the Dunedin hospital, where he remained for two years. He was appointed to the position he now holds in 1886. Mr. Mee was married in 1884 to a daughter of Mr. William Madams, of Goodwood, near Palmerston, and has three sons and two daughters.
, Matron of the Otago Benevolent Institution Home, was born at Goodwood, and was educated at Waikouaiti. For some years Mrs Mee was head laundress of the Dunedin asylum, and was afterwards head nurse at Ashburn Hall, which she left, in 1884, on the occasion of her marriage.
, situated at 26 Lower Rattray Street, was established many years ago by the Women's Christian Temperance Union, and is still conducted by that body. Its object is to provide a place of comfort and convenience, with interests of an attractive and elevating character, and a welcome for sailors during their leisure hours in port. The Sailors' Rest is a wooden building of one storey, and contains five apartments, including a general hall and a reading room, which is well stocked with books, magazines, and papers, of a suitable nature. Religious services are conducted twice weekly in the general hall, and are well attended.
, Seamen's Missionary at the Sailors Rest, Dunedin, has been in charge of that institution since its inception. He is a native of Edinburgh, where he was born in 1843. In 1863 he came out to New Zealand, in the ship “Viola.” For some time he was on the West Coast goldfields, and then went to Port Chalmers, where he started in business. While residing there he took an active interest in establishing the Sailors' Rest, of which he was Seamen's Missionary. When the Rest was transferred to Dunedin, he removed to the city to take charge of it. At the time the New Zealand Contingents were preparing to leave for South Africa, Mr. Falconer did good work in connection with the Soldiers' Rests in each of the camps in the colony, where the men had reading matter and writing materials supplied to them through his efforts. He has been prominetly identified with evangelistic work, chiefly in Dunedin. After forty years' residence in the colony, Mr. Falconer took a trip to the Old Country to enjoy a well-deserved rest.
, Waitati, is a Government institution, and was established in April, 1902, as a reformatory for inebriates. It is situated well up the valley, in a quiet, healthy and picturesque spot, nearly two miles from the township, and is approached by a good metal road. The farm 900 acres in extent, is of a broken nature, and possesses some of the finest scenery in the district. Tree-ferns and favourite plants and shrubs grow in great variety on the lower levels, and thick ti-tree and other native bushes clothe the hillsides. An arm of the sea, making its way up the valley, reaches nearly as far as the institution. The main building, or male department, was originally erected as a private school. It is of wood, two stories in height, and possesses about twenty rooms, all well furnished and conveniently appointed. The female retreat, situated some distance off, is a single-storey building, and contains fourteen rooms, also well furnished and well kept. There is a third building, which provides room for further classification. The residence of the medical superintendent is situated a few chains from the men's quarters. A garden of considerable area provides vegetables for the inmates of the institution, and a young orchard, now (1904) making good progress, will soon furnish a supply of fruit. The grounds around the female retreat are particularly attractive, and are kept in good order. There are at present (January, 1904) eighteen patients in the institution; thirteen males and five females.
, M.D., F.R.C.S.E., who was appointed Superintendent of the Orokonui Home in September, 1903, was born in Ireland in 1856. He was educated in England and on the Continent, and graduated M.D. in 1901, and F.R.C.S.E. in 1902.
, Manager of the Orokonui Home, was born in Victoria, and was for some years engaged there in mercantile life. In 1880 he came to New Zealand, and shortly after was appointed an attendant at the Sunnyside Asylum, where he remained until he obtained his present position. Mr. Chapman is further referred to at pages 158–159 of the Canterbury volume of this work.
Otago established the first University in New Zealand; but it is right to say that in the early days of settlement efforts were made in each of the provinces to provide means of instruction for the rising generation, and the pioneers laid the foundations of a system unexcelled in the world. Many of the schools, however were of a denominational nature, but this anomaly was removed by the Education Act of 1877, which substituted the present system of free, secular, and compulsory education. Primary education is provided by the State, entirely free of direct charge to the parents. High Schools, colleges and grammar schools provide the means of secondary education, and the University of New Zealand is empowered to confer the same degrees as the Universities of Oxford and Cambridge, except as regards Divinity. It is, however, only an examining body, and the undergraduates keep their terms at the affiliated colleges —the University of Otago, or the other provincial university colleges. In connection with the University of Otago there is a School of Medicine and a School of Mines. The facilities for education in New Zealand are numerous and encouraging, and by menas of scholarships a diligent youth may enjoy the advantages of a secondary and collegiate education, at practically no cost to his parents. The educational institutions in operation in Otago include, in addition to the University of Otago, high schools for boys and girls, a Normal School, a Technical School, a School of Art, and Roman Catholic, and other private schools.
, which is affiliated to the University of New Zealand, was originally founded in 1869 by ordinance of the Otago Provincial Council, where by the province of Otago led the van towards the establishment of university education in New Zealand. Formed into a body “politic and corporate” with the power of granting degrees in arts, medicine, and law, the university of Otago was originally endowed with 100,000 acres of pastoral land. At its opening in July, 1871, there were three professors occupying the chairs of classics and English literature, mathematics and natural philosophy, and mental and moral science. A chair of chemistry and mental science was instituted during the first year of the history of the university. The provincial council of Otago conferred a second endowment of 100,000 acres of pastoral land on the university in the year 1872. Within the following two years a lectureship in law was established as the first step in the institution of a school of law, and a professor of anatomy and physiology, and lecturers in clinical medicine and surgery were appointed with a view to the establishment of a medical school. During 1874 and 1875, a chair of natural science and lectureships in geology and zoology, and also in French and German, were established. The Otago university had meantime applied for a Royal Charter empowering it to grant degrees; the university of New Zealand had also applied for a Royal Charter, and as it was both inadvisable and improbable that two universities in one Colony would receive Royal Charters, an agreement was made in 1874 between the two universities by which the functions of the New Zealand university were restricted to the examination of candidates for matriculation, scholarships, and degrees, while the Otago university bound itself to become affiliated to the former, to hold in abeyance its power of granting degrees and to waive the claim it had advanced to a Royal Charter. The Otago university became possessed of an additional 10,000 acres of land, which had been set apart for university purposes in the former province of Southland, and in 1887, a further endowment of 11,000 acres, which had been set apart for the support of the museum, was vested in the university council, the land being situated in the Strath Taieri district. Besides the endowments already mentioned, certain educational funds held in trust by the Presbyterian Church of Otago and Southland are devoted to the support of professorships in the faculties of arts. The funds from this source having considerably increased in value, it has been found possible to support additional chairs, the original professorships being sub-divided. Thus the chair of English language was dissevered from that of classics in 1881, and five years later the chair of natural philosophy was dissevered from that of mathematics, sufficient endowments being available for these purposes. The right of nomination to the chairs endowed by the synod rests with the board of church property; subject, however, to the approval of the former body. The university is entirely unconnected with any religious denomination with this exception, and it has no faculty of theology, its instruction being purely secular. The supreme governing body of the university is the council, the original members of which hold office for life; the duty of filling up vacancies devolving upon the Governor in Council since the abolition of the provinces. In 1881, the “University of Otago Council Election Act” was passed, two electoral bodies being formed, namely, the professors of the university of Otago and graduates of the New Zealand university having their names on the books of the university; the professors elect two members of the council, the graduates four, the remaining six being appointed by the Governor in Council. Elected members have seats under the new Act for a term of five years, the chancellor and vice-chancellor being elected by members of their own body for periods of three years; the appointment of professors and lecturers, together with the management of the finances of the Institution, devolve upon the council; the conduct of the whole educational arrangements of the university being under the control of the professorial board, which consists of the professors and of such of the lecturers as the council may appoint. There is also a school of mines in connection with the university of Otago, which was established in 1878, three additional lecturers being added to the staff in 1887. Up to the year 1878, the university occupied the buildings in Princes street known as the Colonial Bank. The building now occupied was erected in that year on the banks of the Leith; the site contains eight acres of land and is conveniently close to the hospital and museum. The university library, which was founded mainly by public subscriptions, contains over 5,000 volumes, which, for the most part, have been selected by the professors for the students. This library is open to the students and is a library of reference to the general public, who must however obtain cards of admission from the registrar. The chemical laboratory is chiefly used for the training of students, but on the ground of public convenience has been open as a public analytical laboratory, for which purpose it is largely used in connection with the analysis of foods, fabries, minerals, and other kindred substances. The professor of biology of the university of Otago, is curator of the museum, which is about five minutes' walk from the university. In the year 1903, there were 191 male students at the university, the whole of whom had matriculated with the exception of seventeen; there were fifty-seven female students, all of whom matriculated. A considerable number of scholarship is available, among which may be mentioned the Richardson scholarship, valued at £40 per annum, founded in 1871 by the late Sir John Richardson; the Scott scholarship, valued at £15 per annum, founded in 1874 as a memorial of Sir Walter Scott; the Taieri scholarship founded
His Honour Mr. Justice Williams. M.A., L.L.M., Camb., Chancellor of the University of Otago and Judge of the Supreme
, who has been a member of the Council of the University of Otago since 1869, was born in Edinburgh in 1834. He was educated at the High School and at Edinburgh University, and is a fellow of the Royal College of Surgeons of Edinburgh. Dr. Burns held the position of house surgeon at the Leith hospital for two years, and embarked for New Zealand in 1858 by the ship “Three Bells,” establishing his present practice immediately after arrival. He was associated with Dr. Hulme, provincial surgeon, at the Dunedin hospital for about four years. Dr. Burns is one of the original members of the council of the Otago University.
, Registrar of the University of Otago, was born in Scotland, in 1865, and came to Port Chalmers when a child. He was educated mianly at the Albany Street school, where he was trained for a pupil-teacher and recived his first certificate in 1885. Mr. Garrow gained his B.A. degree at the University of Otago in 1896 and became and was appointed to his present position in succession to Mr. A. Hamilton after that gentleman had been appointed Director of the Colonial Museum at Wellington.
, formerly Registrar of the University of Otago, was born in Poole, Dorsetshire, in March, 1854. He was educated at the Dorset county school and Epsom Medical College, and came to Wellington in 1876 by the ship “Collingwood,” as surgeon's assistant. He took service under the Wellington Education Board, became a teacher at Thorndon school, and was subsequently engaged in other schools in the Wellington district, whence he went to the Okarito school in Westland, for the purpose of working at the botany and zoology of the district. A year later, Mr. Hamllton became teacher at Petane, Hawke's Bay, where he remained for some time. Whilst in that district, he founded a museum in Napier in connection with the Hawke's Bay Philosophical Institute, of which he was for seven years secretary, and also filled a similar position with the Napier Athenaum. In 1889, Mr, Hamilton was engaged to arrange the natural history court in the Dunedin and South Seas Exhibition, and again visited Dunedin to close up that court at the termination of the exhibition. He succeeded the late Mr. W. H. Mansford as registrar of the University of Otago in 1890 Mr. Hamilton has been connected with the New Zealand Institute for some years, and has contributed about sixty papers on scientific subjects to the “Transactions” and other publications, particaularly in connection with the Maori race and the extinct birds of New Zealand. He is author of a very beautiful and elaborate work entitled “Maori Art,” which deals with the art and science of the Maori race, and has been published by the governors of the New Zealand Institute through Messrs Fergusson and Mitchell of Dunedin. The work has been very highly commended by ethnological socities and students in Europe and America. Mr. Hamilton's object in publishing this work, is to preserve by means of photography, accurate representations of the wood carving in which the Maori race are or were so skilled. He has taken from five to six hundred photographs for the purposes of his work, and he has a high reputation as an enthusiastic collector of everything relating to Maori history. He has been an exhibitor at various art exhibitions, his subjects being generally landscapes in oil. Mr. Hamilton is a member of the Church of England general and diocesan synods, is on the standing committee and a diocesan nominator. He has for a long time been a member of the council of the Otago Institute, of which he has acted as secretary, and was sometime president. Mr. Hamilton was married to a daughter of the late Mr. McKain, of Petane, and has one son and one daughter. In November, 1903, he was appointed Director of the Colonial Museum in Wellington, in succession to Sir James Hector.
, M.A., Camb., who fills the Chair of Classies, was born in 1831 at Rugby, and was educated at Rugby School and afterwards at Trinity College, Cambridge. He took his degree in 1854 with first-class honours in classics and second class honours in mathematics. In 1856, he was elected fellow of Trinity. and in 1857, was appointed lecturer in classies. In 1860, owing to ill-health. Mr. Sale left England by the ship “Minerva,” landing in Lyttelton in February, 1861. In May. 1861, he became the first editor of the “Press” newspaper, of which, however, the real control was in the hands of the late Mr. James Edward Fitzgerald. At the end of that year. Mr. Sale went to the Otago goldfields and for about nine months was engaged in mining. He subsequently returned to Canterbury, and in 1863, was appointed privincial treasurer and receiver of land revenue by the superintendent, Mr. Samuel Bealey, at the instance of Mr. (afterwards the Hon.) William Rolleston, who was then provincial secretary. In April, 1865, at the request of the provincial government, Mr. Sale went to Hokitika and took charge of the West Coast goldfields, as commissioner and agent for the Canterbury provincial government. After the separation of Westland from the province of Canterbury, he returned to England and entered Lincoln's Inn, with the view of being called to the English Bar. But in 1870, the Otago university having been established, Mr. Sale became a candidate for the chair of classies, to which he was appointed and which he has held ever since. In 1874, he was married to Miss Margaret M. Fortune, daughter of the late Mr. James Bonwell Fortune, of Coburg, Ontario, Canada, and has two sons and two daughters.
, who fills the Chair of Mathematics, and is Lectursity on Political Economy at Otago University College, was born in Surrey, England, in 1854. He was educated at Merchant Taylors' School, London, and at Caius College, Cambridge, where he graduated B.A. in 1877 and M.A. in 1880. being second wrangler of the mathematical tripos. and afterwards fellow of Caius. Mr. Gibbons was called to the English Bar by the Society of Gray's Inn in 1881, and practised his profession in South Wales for three years. In 1884 he arrived at Lyttelton by the s.s. “Ionic,” was soon after admitted a barrister and solicitor of the supreme court. and was in practice in Christchurch till 1886. He was appointed professor of mathematies in the same year. and lecturer on political economy in 1895. Mr. Gibbons is a member of the committee of the Philosophical Society, and of the New Zealand Institute.
, M.A., LL.D., who was appointed to the Chair of Natural Philosophy at the University of Otago in 1870, was born in the parish of Elgin, Morayshire, Scotland, in 1834, and was educated at the Elgin Academy and at the University of Aberdeen, Professor Shand graduated M.A. in 1854, and the honorary degree LL.D. was conferred upon him in 1889. For nine years he held the position of mathematical master at the Ayr Academy, and subsequently held a similar position for three years at the Edinburgh Academy. He was appointed in Dunedin to the chair of mathematics and natural philosophy at the date first mentioned, and when these subjeets were divided in 1886, he elected to retain the chair of natural philosophy. Professor Shand is a member of the New Zealand Institute, and a member of the Australian Association for the advaneement of science. He served on the royal commission which was appointed in 1877 to inquire into the operations of the University of New Zealand and its relations to the secondary schools of the Colony, and which completed its report in 1879. He has been connected with the education board of Otago. of which he was a member for ten years and three times elected chairman. and for the same period was one of the governors of the Boy's and Girls' High Schools of Otago. Since 1877, Professor Shand has been a member of the senate of the New Zealand University, and was elected a member of the council of Otago University representing the professors in 1895. Professor Shand came to New Zealand in 1871 by the ship “Wild Deer,” and landed at Port Chalmers. He is married and has two sons and seven daughters.
, B.A., D.D., who fills the Chair of Mental and Moral Philosophy at the University of Otago, was born in Edinburgh in 1835. and was educated at Heriot's Hospital, the High School, and University. Dr. Salmond graduated B.A. in 1853, became a Doctor of Divinity of Glasgow University in 1882, and of Edinburgh University three years later. He studied theology in Scotland and Germany for four years, and was ordained minister of the Presbyterian Church of North Shields in the North of England. where he remained seventeen years. Dr. Salmond arrived at Port Chalmers in February. 1876, by the ship “Corona.” He was professor of theology in the Presbyterian Church for ten years. received the chair of mental and moral philosophy in 1886, and has been a member of the senate of the New Zealand university since 1882. He has published several sermons, lectures, and pamphlets, chiefly theological, and contributed largely to periodicals. The reverend gentleman was married at Dunfermline to a daughter of the Rev. James Young, by whom he has, still living, four sons and four daughters. His eldest son, Mr. J.W. Salmond, is M.A., LL.B., and fellow of London university, and fills the chair of law at Adelaide university. His second son is a well known architect in Dunedin.
, M.A., D.Sc., Edin., who fills the Chair of Chemistry, hails from Drumtochty, Scotland, and is the original of “John Ross,” Drumtochty's Australlan professor in Ian MeLaren's “Days of Auld Lang Syne.” Dr. Black was born in 1835, and was educated at Dunkeld, Drumtochty, Perth, at the Moray House Training College, and at Edinburgh University. He took the degree of M.A. in 1864, and was the first on whom that degree was conferred after a three years' course of study. Two years later the degree of B.Sc. was conferred, and in 1869 he became D.Sc. During his university career he took several medals, as well as a junior Hope scholarship in chemistry and the Baxter scholarship in experimental science. Dr. Black started the educational institution in Edinburgh known as Scott and Black's collegiate classes in Picardy Place. In 1871, Dr. Black, together with four other gentlemen, established the Edinburgh Naturalists' field club, of which he became vice-president; this club has now a membership of three or four hundred. Dr. Black is a fellow of the Royal Botanical Society of Edinburgh, and of the Educational Institute of Scotland. Before coming to the Colonies he declined the professorship of natural philosophy at the Andersonian College, Glasgow, and was unanimously elected out of twenty-three candidates as professor of natural science at the University of Otago. He arrived in Port Chalmers to take up his duties about the end of 1871 per ship “Christian McCausland.” Dr. Black is the author of a work on “Chemistry for the Goldfields,” published in 1885. In 1884, when the New Zeland Government decided upon the establishment of schools of mines in the Colony, Dr. Black was selected to inaugurate the monvement. He visited the various mining centres, conducted practical classes and delivered lectures among the miners; and schools of mines were established at the Thames and Reefton. With Professor Etard of Paris, Dr. Black entered into the elaboration of the permangante process for the extraction of gold from its ores. Professor Black is a Master Mason, having been initiated in Lodge 20, at Zeehan, Tasmania. He is married to an Edinburgh lady, and has one son and two daughters.
, M.A., F.R.S.E., who fills the Chair of English Language and Literature in the University of Otago, was born in Lanarkshire, Scotland, in 1851. He was educated at the High School of Edinburgh, where he gained twenty-eight prizes, as well as the Carson Medal for the best Essay on “Spenser's Life and Poetry,” and the Medal for being dux of the whole school in English. Mr. Gilray subsequently
, Dean of the Medical Faculty and Professor of Anatomy and Physiology at the University of Otago, was born in 1851 in the city of Edinburgh, and was educated at the Edinburgh Institution, and at the University. Professor Scott took the degrees of M.B. and C.M. in 1874, the M.R.C.S., England, in 1876. and graduated as M.D. at Edinburgh in 1877. He was elected fellow of the Royal Society of Edinburgh in 1879. For six months he was house surgeon at the Edinburgh hospital, under Professor Spence, and for a like period was house surgeon at the Royal infirmary, Stirling. He was then demonstrator of anatomy at Edinburgh University for a period of eighteen months, and was appointed to the position he now holds in 1877. Dr. Scott is interested in art, is himself a water colour artist, and has been secretary to the Otago art society since 1880. He is a member of the Otago Institute and has been both president and secretary. He has been a member of the senate of New Zealand university since 1890. Dr. Scott married in 1882 a daughter of Mr. John Bealey, one of the early Canterbury settlers, after whom Bealey township was named, and has three sons ans two daughters.
, Director of the Otago School of Mines, and Professor of Mining and Mining Geology at Otago University, was appointed to his present position in 1900, in succession to the late Professor Ulrich, For about five years before accepting this appointment he held the position of consulting mining engineer and geologist to a group of London capitalists. Professor Park is referred to at length at page 478 of the Auckland volume of this Cyclopedia.
, A.O.S.M., Lecturer on Assaying and Metallurgy at the University of Otago, is the younger son of the Rev. John Waters, and was born at Warepa, in the Clutha district, Otago, in 1871. He was educated at public schools, the Otago Boys' High School, and the University of Otago, and graduated in mining in 1892. The same year he left for Australia, where he held several important appointments, including that of manager of the United Brothers' Gold Mining Company's Battery, Mount Wills District, Gippsland, and general manager of the Twin Jacks Gold Mining Company, in the Woods Point District, Victoria. In 1898 Mr. Waters returned to Dunedin, and was for some time manager of the Shotover Quartz Mining Company of Skippers district, Otago, until he was appointed to his present position in 1900. He obtained the New Zealand Government Mine Manager's certificate, in 1899, and is a member of the Otago Institute. Mr. Waters was married, in 1899, to Miss Howison daughter of the late Mr. C. M Howison, of Dunedin.
, M.A., Lecturer in French at the Univerity of Otago, was born in County Roscommon Ireland, in 1878, and arrived in New Zealand at the age of seven. For several years he attended the Macandrew Road Public School and, on gaining an Education Board Senior Scholarship, proceeded to the Otago Boys'
, Lecturer on the practice of medicine to the University of Otago, was born in Glasgow, Scotland, where he was educated. He studied medicine at the Charing Cross Hospital, London, took his degree as M.R.C.S., England, in 1877, and as M.D. and M.R.C.P., in 1880. He became assistant physician at the Charing Cross Hospital, London, and one of the lecturers of the Charing Cross medical school, and conducted a private practice in London for two years before coming to the Colonies in 1884. He then accepted the position of lecturer on the practice of medicine to the University of Otago, and also established a private practice, which he has since conducted. Dr. Colquhoun is one of the physicians of the Dunedin Hospital.
, M.R.C.S., England, who was appointed Lecturer on Pathology and Bacteriology to the University of Otago in 1885, is the eldest son of the late Mr. William Roberts, for many years a Judge of the Supreme Court in India. He was born in September, 1853, at Mirzapore, India, and was educated at private schools in his native place, and afterwards at Cheltenham College, Gloucestershire, England, and King's College, London. He graduated at the latter institution in 1876, and during the succeeding year was house-surgeon at King's College Hospital. Early in 1878 Dr. Roberts sailed for New Zealand. For a few months he conducted a private at Oamaru, and in August of the same year was appointed resident-surgeon to the Dunedin Hospital. Ten years later, however, he resigned that position to enter private practice, which he still conducts at
, F.G.S., who filled the chair of Mining and Mineralogy, and was Director of the School of Mines, Otago University, was born in Clausthal-Zellerfeld, Prussia, in 1830, and was educated in his native town at the High School and subsequently graduated at the Royal School of Mines, Clausthal, Hartz. Mr. Ulrich entered the government service in the mines department in his native land, and after serving four years resigned his position to accept an appointment in the Bolivia silver mines. Just as he was preparing for the journey to Bolivia news came of revolutionary movements in that country, in consequence of which his appointment was cancelled. He therefore turned his face to the Colonies, and went to Forest Creek, Victoria, in 1854. For nearly three years after his arrival in that Colony, Mr. Ulrich worked at the diggings of Forest Creek, Daisy Hill, Bendigo, and at other places, until he was appointed, in 1857, assistant secretary and draughtsman to the Royal Mining Commission in Victoria. Mr. Ulrich was afterwards appointed senior field geologist under Mr. Selwyn in the geological department of Victoria, During the eleven years in which he was engaged under that department he assisted in the prepartion of the plans of the different Victorian goldfields, notably Forest Creek, Fryer's Creek, and Tarrangower. In 1867, he obtained leave of absence for one year to visit the first exhibition of Paris, having a commission to procrue a good seiection of exhibits for the Melbourne technological museum. During his absence he travelled through Upper Hungary, and other parts of the Continent. On his return to Victoria, Mr. Ulrich wrote a little work on the methods of gold extraction at Schemnitz, Upper Hungary, giving drawings of machines and apparatus employed. He continued an officer of the gelogical survey department until its abolition in 1869. when he became curator of the mineral section under Mr. Newbery, superintendent of the industrial and technological museum, and lecturer in mining at the university of Melbourne, having at the same time a right to practise as a consulting mining expert. Professor Ulrich was appointed by the South Australian Government to report on their copper mines and goldfields, and in 1875 he paid his first visit to New Zealand and reported upon the Otago goldfields; his report was published with Proessor Hutton's report on the gelogy of Otago, under direction of the provincial government. He was appointed to the chair of mining and mineralogy in 1878. He was a corresponding member of the Royal Society of Melbourne and the Tasmanian Royal Society a fellow of the London Geological Society, a member of the American Institute of mining engineers, honorary member of the New Zealand Instiute of mining engineers, and was one of the original members of the Australian Institute of mining engineers, Professor Ulrich was married in 1871 to a daughter of the late Mr. Thomas Spence, of Belfast, Ireland, and had four sons and three daughters. He died, as the result of an accident, whilst collecting geological specimens, on the 26th of May, 1900.
, commonly though erroneously called the “Dunedin Museum,” owes its origin to Sir James Hector, M.D., F.R.S., who made a collection of natural history specimens for the Dunedin Exhibition of 1865. On the conclusion of the Exhibtion this small nucleus was packed up and stored, till, in 1868, a small museum was opened in rooms allotted for the purpose in premises now known as the Colonial Bank Buildings, at that time the home of the Otago University. It was not till 1877, however, that the present building in Great King Street was opened to the public.
The collection had, till then, been maintained by grants made annually by the Provincial Council of Otago, at whose expense the present Museum was built; but in the year 1877 a Bill was passed by the General Assembly whereby the maintenance and management of the Museum and the collections therein, were handed over to the Otago University, and a small endowment was at the same time provided.
At this date Captain F.W. Hutton, F.R.S., was Professor of Natural Science at the University, and the collections were placed in his charge as Curator of the Museum, and to him is really due the credit of establishing the Museum on its present basis. Since that time the Professor of Biology in the University has acted as Curator of the Museum. On the resignation of Captiain Hutton in 1879, the late Professor Jeffery Parker, F.R.S., was elected as his successor. Professor Parker died in 1897. and Dr. Benham was appointed in 1898 to the double post.
The Museum differs from the other Museums in the colony in being closely associated with the teaching of Zoology and Geology: for the collections are constantly being utilised by the Professer in illustrating his lectures on Zoology, delivered in the lecture rooms in the building; while the University students have access to the cases for the purpose of studying the specimens—zoological, palaeontological and mineralogical.
The Museum, therefore, necessarily differs in arrangement and general character from the other Museums, since many of the exhibits are specially aranged to suit the needs of students rather than to please the general visitor.
The Museum building consists of a hall measuring 90 feet by 45 feet, with two galeries; and represents only part of the original design,—which included wings, north and south,—of the present builiding. At the southern end an ugly corrugated iron annexe was added in the year 1890; and it is here that the Ethnological collection is housed; while, opening out of this room, a smaller iron room, contains a small collection of pictures, belonging to, or deposited with, the Trustees of the Public Art Gallery.
The collection is mainly one of Natural History. In addition to an extensive collection of New Zealand animals, there is a very fairly representative series of exhibits illustrating general zoology, the collection of foreign birds being particularly fine. Secondly, there is a pretty complete general collection of minerals, especially arranged for the use of the students of the Otago School of Mines; as well as a small and at present imperfect series of New Zealand rocks and minerals. Thirdly, there is a small palaeontological series illustrating the gradual evolution of life; and finally, a small collection of Maori articles; and a rather heterogeneous collection of Ethnological objects from various parts of the world represents the anthropological department. Owing to the extreme limitations of space and funds, this part of the collection is insufficiently housed, and much material, at present in storerooms, cannot be placed on exhibition.
The collection of New Zealand animals is a particularly fine one, the series of native birds containing representatives of nearly every species known to inhabit the country. Amongst them, the most notable is a specimen of the exceedingly rare Notornis; the only specimen on exhibition outside Europe. This was acquired in 1898, owing to the generosity of the Government, which purchased the bird form its captor and deposited it in this Museum. Much of the excellence of the collection of birds is owing to the skill of the taxidermist, Mr. E. Jennings, an enthusiastic ornithologist. The extinct moas are represented by several fine skeletons, to gether with numerous other remains, such as parts of the dried skin and flesh of the bird feathers, windpipes, etc., and the only absolutely perfect egg of a moa in any Museum. The various seals that visit the shores of New Zealand, notably the huge elephant-seal of the Macquarie Islands. are represented by stuffed specimens and skeletons. Of local fishes there is a very fair collection, to which, additions are constantly being made, Students of the native invertebrate fauna, both terrestrial and marine, will find a good and constantly increasing series of Mollusca. Crustacea, Annelida. Echdnoderma, etc., both dry and in spirits. This collection, indeed, is unrivalled in the colony. A collection of native insects, though not exhibited, may be studied in the Curator's room.
Amongst the Maori objects, the beautiful examples of a carved prow and stern-part of a war canoe, some unusual forms of canoe paddles, a famous historical “taiaha” or chief's staff and a series of carved slabs of a Maori house, deserve notice.
. D. Sc., London Univrsity, M.A., Oxford was elected to the Chair of Biology at the University of Otago, in 1898, in succession to the late Professor Parker Dr. Benham was born at Isleworth, near London in 1860, and is the third son of Mr. E Benham, a well-known London solicitor. He was educated at Marlborough College, Wiltshire, and at London University, where after gaining the degree of B. Sc., he was appointed assistant to the professor of zoology. In 1887 he graduated D.Sc., was professor of biology at the Bedford College for Women, for a short time, and in 1891 was appointed Aldrichian Demonstrator in Comparative Anatomy to the Oxford University. In 1897, whilst at Oxford, the degree of M.A. was conferred upon him by a decree of convocation. and in the following year he left the Old Country to take up his present appointment, Dr. Benham is the author of about fifty papers based upon original research in Zoological matters. most of these having appeared in various scientific journals. He contributed the article upon Annelids to the Cambridge Natural History. (published by Macmillan) and that upon Parasitic Worms to the “Treatise on Zoology,” edited by Professor E. Ray Lankester. Dr. Benham was married in London, in 1889, and has one son and one daughter.
has its office in the Education Board's offices. Jetty Street, Dunedin. The members of the Board are; Mr J. R. Sinclair (chairman), Dr. Shand, Rev. P. B. Fraser, Rev. C. Cameron, Mr. T. Mackenzie. M.H.R., and the Mayor of Dunedin. Mr. C, Macandrew is secretary.
. M.A., for several years Chairman of the Board of Governors of the Boys' and Girls' High Schools, and sometime chairman of the Education Board, was a prominent medical man in Dunedin for nearly thirty years. He was born in 1845, in Banffshire, Scotland, and was educated at the Gymnasium of old Aberdeen and at the University of Aberdeen and Edinburgh; he graduated M.A., at the former in 1867, and M.B. and C.M. at the latter in 1870. Before coming to New Zealand, Dr. Brown was engaged in the practice of his profession in China for three years. He established his practice in Dunedin in 1874; became an honorary surgeon of the Dunedin Hospital in 1875, and was for some years lecturer on surgery in the University of Otago. Dr. Brown has long taken a general interest in out-door recreation and at the time of the New Zealand and South Seas Exhibition he was president of the New Zealand Amateur Athletic Association, and became captain of the Otago golf club. He was married, in 1871, to a daughter of Mr. John Johnston, of Edinburgh, and had one dauthter, who died in childhood. In the latter part of 1903 Dr. Brown left Dunedin to settle at Tauranga, in the province of Auckland. Before his departure he was accorded a public farewell, and was presented with valuable mementoes to express and commemorate Dunedin's admirtion for his personal character, and gratitud for his public services.
of to-day has been evolved from the struggles of the early settlers. who realised the advantages to be secured by a thorough system of secondary education. In the first session of the provincial council of Otago, the late Mr. James Macandrew made a proposal to establish a high school in Dunedin, and in 1856 provision was made for the foundation of
, M.A., Headmaster of the Otago Boys' High School, was born near Inverness, Scotland, in 1849, and was educated at the Grammar School and the University of Aberdeen, where he graduated M.A. in 1869. He afterwards spent a year in Germany, and in 1875 he came to New Zealand. For about ten years Mr. Wilson was English master at the Otago Boys' High School, and later on he became headmaster of the Otago Girls' High School, which position he retained till 1895, when he received his present appointment. Mr. Wilson is President of the Dunedin Shakespeare Club, and author of a book entitled “Short Studies in Shakespeare.”
, M.A., Classical Master of the Boys' High School, was Acting-Rector while Mr. Wilson was absent on a visit to England. He was born in 1857 in Ayrshire, Scotland, and was educated at Ayr Academy, and at Edinburgh University, where he graduated M.A. in 1879, taking first class honours in classies; he also took the Gray scholarship in the same year. He commenced his career as a teacher as assistant classical master first in Ayr Academy and subsequently at Glasgow Academy, in each of which he remained for about eighteen months. Mr. Watson was engaged in Scotland, owing to the ill-health of the then rector, Dr. Macdonald, and came out to New Zealand as assistant-rector to
, M.A., English Master at the Otago Boys' High School, is the second son of the late Mr. George Campbell, of Dunedin. He was born in Dunedin, and was educated at the Boys' High School and Otago University, where he graduated B.A. and M.A. with honours in Latin and German. On leaving the University he was appointed an assistant master at the Boys' High School. Mr. Campbell has long taken a keen interest in athletics, and is a member of the committee of management of the Otago Rugby Football Union and of the match committee. He married a daughter of the late Mr. Alexander Montgomery, formerly headmaster of the Normal School. On Mr. T. D. Pearce being appointed to the rectorship of the Southland High School at the close of 1903, Mr. Campbell became his successor as English master at the Otago Boys' High School.
, M.A., B.Sc, Chief Mathematical and Science Master at the Otago Boys' High School, is the youngest son of the late Mr. Charles Edward Cooper, for many years Collector of Customs at Timaru. He was born in Timaru in April, 1878, and educated at the Waimataitai public school, the Timaru High School, the Christchurch Boys' High School, and Canterbury College. He graduated B.A. in 1899, M.A. in 1900, with double first class honours in mathematics and electricity; and B.Sc. in 1901. Early in 1901 he succeeded Dr. Marshall as Science Master at the Auckland College and Grammar School, and in the next year he was appointed Mathematical Master at the Marlborough High School, leaving that post a few months afterwards to join the staff of the Otago Boys' High School. Mr. Cooper has lectured on wireless telegraphy and radium, in Christchurch and Dunedin, giving proof upon each occasion of considerable original research. He is a member of the New Zealand Institute, and a valuable contributor to the scientific journal conducted by that body. During the meeting of the Australasian Association for the Advancement of Sceince, held at Dunedin in January, 1904, he was associate secretary of section A.; a division of the assembly which devotes its attention to mathematics, physics, and astronomy.
, B.A., Assistant Science and Mathematical Master at the Otago Boys' High School, was born in Alloa, Scotland, in 1876, and is the eldest son of Mr. John Wood, the present headmaster of the Waimataitai public school, Timaru. He arrived in New Zealand in 1882, and was educated at the main public school, and the High School at Timaru, and at Heriot's College, Edinburgh, where he spent the years 1889–91. On returning to the colony in 1891, Mr. Wood entered the teaching profession; for several years he was an assistant master in the Timaru public schools, and afterwards second assistant master in the Timaru High School before being appointed to his present post in January, 1903. He has studied law for several years, and had passed the two first sections of his LL.B. degree before the end of 1903. Mr. Wood was for some years first lieutenant of the Timaru Rifles, and is at present (January, 1904) captain of the No. 2 Company of the Dunedin High School Cadets. He was at one time a member of the Timaru Orchestral Society.
, F.E.I.S., Commercial Master at the Otago Boys' High School, was born in Argyleshire, Scotland, in 1851. He received his education at the parochial school, Edinburgh Training College, and Glasgow University, and was elected a fellow of the Educational Institute of Scotland in 1885. In 1872, Mr. Macpherson received a teacher's certificate from the education department, and was senior assistant master at the Renfrew grammar school. Subsquently he became head-master of the Bothwell public school, near Glasgow, where he remained for five years, and came to Port Chalmers in 1885 by the s.s. “Mararoa,” via Hobart. Mr. Macpherson is a member of the Otago golf club and of the Otago club. He was married in 1891 to a daughter of the late Mr. Kenneth Gunn, of Melbourne, and has one son and one daughter.
, B. A., who was appointed Assistant Master of the Otago Boys' High School in June, 1903, was born in County Antrim, Ireland, in 1876. He arrived in New Zealand at the age of five, was educated at public schools, and graduated B. A. in 1896. For several years he was assistant master at the Kaitangata public school, afterwards at the Union Street public school, Dunedin, and later on he became headmaster of the Dunedin school, but resigned to take up his present appointment. Mr. Reid is superintendent of St. Andrew's Sunday school. He is a member of the board of management of the Young Men's Christian Association, and takes an interest in missionary work.
, B. A., who was appointed Assistant Master at the Otago Boys' High School in July, 1903, was born near Riverton, Southland, in 1869. He was educated at the Southland Boys' High School, and the Otago Boys' High School, and while headmaster of the Otama school, several years later, graduated B. A. Mr. Fullarton entered the teaching profession in 1889, and since that date has been stationed in various parts of Otago, except for about twelve months, during which he was second assistant at the Riverton District High School.
, Gymnastic Instructor at the Boys and Girls' High Schools, and to the Otago Education Board, was born in County Down, Ireland, in 1857. He was trained professionally as a gymnastic master at Aldershot; having enlisted in the Scots Guards in 1878, he served two years at Chelsea and six months at Aldershot, where he obtained a first-class certificate for fencing, boxing, and gymnastics. Mr. Hanna was then appointed instructor at the Chelsea Gymnasium, and subsequently instructor to the Aberdeen Grammar School, Church of Scotland Trainning College, and Aberdeen Gymnastic Club–a position which he held for over two years. Mr. Hanna was the successful applicant for the appointment of instructor for Dunedin, and came out to the Colony by the s. s. “Tongariro” in 1884. Since then he has been most successful in his duties and in training many proficient gymnasts, and has had no accident with any of his pupils. Mr. Hanna has been prominently connected with various local sports and gymnastic performances, and has often given entertainments in aid of local and charitable objects. He has also been a teacher of swimming at the Girls' High School, and most of the gymnasiums in connection with the public schools have been erected under his direction. The gymnasium at the Boys' High School is one of the best in the Colony; the horizontal bar is sixty feet long, and thirty pupils at a time are able to exercise upon it. Mr. Hanna started the cadet corps at the school, and it has been a great success. He was married in 1881 to Miss Pyne, of Devonshire, and has four sons and four daughters.
(Boys' High School Boarding-house), is erected on an elevated plateau about three or four acres in extent, and is pleasantly surrounded by gardens, ornamental grounds, and pretty patches of native bush. It is a large building erected in brick, stone, and wood, and contains, in addition to a very convenient suite of rooms for the manager, a large dining-hall about 39 × 18, with kitchen, scullery, and different out-offices. There are three dormitories on the ground floor together with a convenient bathroom, and six dormitories with three bathrooms on the upper floor, there being altogether accommodation for about forty boys. There is a large school-room which is used for preparation study in the evenings, and in the day time as a preparatory school conducted by Mr. M. Watson, M. A., who is manager of the “Rectory.”
, B. A., formerly Manager of the Boarding-house, Otago Boys' High School, was born at Droxford, Hampshire, England, in 1848. He was educated at Lancing College, Sussex, and at Queen's College, Oxford. Mr. Baker took his B. A. degree in 1871. He was an assistant master for a short time at the Whitgift school, Croydon, but resigned the position for a travelling tutorship. In 1873 he embarked for the colonies by the ship “Dallam Tower,” which was totally dismasted on the voyage. Mr. Baker came out with the intention of engaging in the flax industry, but on arrival in Auckland found this in such an unsatisfactory state that he decided to have nothing to do with it, and removed to Canterbury, where he took the property known as “French Farm” at Akaroa, and established a private preparatory school, which he conducted, as well as working the farm, till 1890. Mr. Baker's school was well supported by many leading families in various parts of the Colony. In 1890, he removed to Hobart, where he remained for nearly two years, but returned to New Zealand in 1892 and established the “Goodwood House” preparatory school near Palmerston. This school he successfully conducted till May, 1896, when he was appointed manager of the boarding-house, called the “Rectory,” at the Boys' High School, with the right to conduct his own school on the premises. He was well known as an athlete, having won many trophies both at Lancing, and at the University, and was an old “Blue” who had rowed for Oxford against Cambridge in 1869–70–71. He won the championship for athletic sports held at Timaru in 1878, and also represented Canterbury against the first Australian cricket team that visited New Zealand. Mr. Baker was married in 1878, to a daughter of Mr. Thomas Dicken, of Christchurch. He died in 1902.
, B. A., formerly one of the Assistant Masters of the Otago Boys' High School, but now of Nelson College, is the second son of the late Judge Broad, and was born in Nelson in 1872. He was educated at Nelson College, where he gained several scholarships, and graduated B. A. at Auckland University College in 1893. Mr. Broad commenced his career as a teacher at Nelson College, where he was an assistant master for a period of four years, being appointed at Easter, 1897, to the Boys' High School, Dunedin. During his residence in Nelson he took a considerable interest in cricket, and was for several years captain of the Nelson College cricket club. Mr. Broad played in several representative matches, and was successful in winning numerous trophies. When in Dunedin he was a member of the Carisbrook cricket club, and represented Otago in several interprovincial cricket matches. He was also a member of the Otago tennis club, and won the championship of the province in 1901. Mr. Broad is an old footballer.
, M. A., formerly one of the Assistant Master of the Otago Boys' High School, was born in London in 1870. He is the son of Mr. T. C. Norris, secretary of the Charitable Aid Board, Christchurch, and was educated at the Christchurch Boys' High School. Mr. Norris took his B. A. degree in 1892 and the M. A. degree with first-class honours in English in the following year. He commenced his career as a teacher at Mr. Charles Cook's school, Christchurch, where he remained for a period of four years; he was appointed assistant master to the Timaru High School in 1896, and, in 1898, to the position he held in the Otago Boys' High School Mr. Norris is interested in cricket and football, and during his residence at Timaru had charge of the school games club. He was captain for two years of the Timaru High School Cadet corps, and while in Dunedin, was a member of the Otago Rowing Club. At Canterbury College, he was the first secretary of the Canterbury College Graduates' Association. Mr. Norris is now at Heretaunga School, Hastings, Hawke's Bay.
, which occupies a block of about two acres of land extending from Rattray Street to Dowling and Smith Streets, opposite the Roman Catholic Cathedral, was originally built for a Boys' High School, and has been used for its present purpose since the large building was erected for the boys in 1884. The Girls' High School is a substantial brick structure, and includes a boarding-house where there is accommodation for thirty boarders, besides the school buildings proper. The boarding-house has a large dining-hall which will seat forty, and a considerable number of dormitories, each girl being provided with a separate bedroom. There are also six bathrooms, as well as sitting-rooms, and studios, besides the principal's and matron's apartments, kitchen, and out-offices. The portion of the building devoted to the school work has an imposing Corinthian front with eight or ten handsome pillars. In the large school hall, which will accommodate about two hundred, there are very fine oil paintings. One is by Signor Nerli of the late Rev. Dr. Stuart, and was presented by the founders of the Girls' High School and members of the High School club; there is an oil painting of the late Sir John Richardson, another of Miss Dalrymple (who was secretary of the committee formed in 1870 to establish the school), and an enlarged photograph of Mrs. M. Gordon Burn (first principal of the school). Besides this large hall, there are six class-rooms, three on the ground floor
, Principal of the Girls' High School of Otago, was born in Wellington. She is the eldest daughter of Mr. J. W. A. Marchant, Surveyor General of New Zealand. and was educated at private schools in Wellington, and at the High School, of which she was Dux in 1887. She studied in connection with the New Zealand University while in Wellington, and passed the examinations of Canterbury College. Christchurch. taking the M.A. degree in 1894. Miss Marchant commenced to teach at Mrs. Swainson's private school in Wellington in 1888, and two years later was appointed to the Wellington Girls' High School, where she taught till 1895, when she was appointed to her present position.
is the only college of its kind in New Zealand, and was opened in 1877 for the training of students for the Presbyterian ministry. Dr. Salmond, now of the Otago University, was the first Professor of Theology, and the Rev. Dr. Watt, first Professor of Hebrew. Church History and also Testament Exegesis. Dr. Salmond retired in 1897 to accept his present position as Professor in the Otago University, and was succeeded by Dr. Dunlop. The course of study is for three years, and examinations are held twice a year. Twenty students from all parts of the colony attend the college, and many of the former students now occupy distinguished positions in the church.
, M.A., D.D., Professor of Theology at the Presbyterian Theological College, was born in Ayrshire Scotland, and received his earlier education in his native parish. He entered Glasgow University, and studied Theology at the Glasgow Theological Hall. Dr. Dunlop was first prizeman in Logic and Moral Philosphy, prizeman in Mathematics, and took two seconds in Lord Kelvin's class. He was ordained in 1870, and was pastor of St. David's, Dundee, for seventeen years, before coming to Dunedin in 1897, to succeed Dr. Salmond.
, Dunedin, was opened in 1893, and owes it origin mainly to the efforts of Bishop Nevill. The college trains students for holy orders and also a place of residence for students attending the Otago University. The building can accommodate from ten to fifteen boarders, and most of the first storey is occupied by a valuable library of ten thousand volumes, considered one of the best collections in New Zealand. One of the rooms has been converted by the warden into a handsome chapel, where two services are held daily. Since the formation of the college in 1893. over twenty students have been ordained.
, M.A., Warden of the Selwyn Theological College, and Vicar of the Cathedral Districts, was born in Cheshire, England, and educated at a private school, and at Owens College, Manchester. He graduated B.A. at Pembroke College, Cambridge, in 1887, and M.A. in 1890, with second class honours in classics and theology. Mr. Neild was ordained deacon at Manchester, in 1888, and priest in the following years by Bishop Moorhouse, and he was curate at St. James, Manchester, for two years. After holding various curacies, he was appointed tutor at St. Aidan's Theological College, Birkenhead. He came to New Zealand in 1891, and was vicar at Pohangina for three years, before removing to Dunedin in 1900.
are Messrs David Barron (chairman), Thomas MacGibbon, Donald Borrie, William Dallas, and the Hon. Alfred Baldey. Secretary, Mr. C. Macandrew. Office, Education Board Offices, Jetty Street, Dunedin. Telephone, 494. P.O. Box, 3. Bankers, Bank of New Zealand. This body was constituted under the “Education Reserves Act” 1877; the members being appointed for a term of three years; three are Government nominees and the other two are appointed respectively by the education boards of Otago and Southland. The duties of the commissioners include the management of all primary education endowments, the revenue from which is handed over on a population basis to the two education boards already named. There are also some secondary education endowments, the income from which goes to the Otago. Southland. and Waitaki High Schools Boards of Governors.
. Secretary to the School Commissioners for the Otago Provincial District, is the eldest son of the late Mr. James Macandrew. who was so prominent as a politician in New Zealand. Born in London in 1849, and educated at North
of the district of Otago is charged with the management and control of the whole of the schools in the provincial district, with the exception of those in the counties of Lake, Southland, Wallace, and Fiord, over which the Southland Education Board exercises jurisdiction; in other words, the boundary extends from Waitaki in the north to Arthurton in the south, and from the ocean to beyond Lake Wanaks. On the 31st of December, 1902, the total number of schools in the Otago educational district was 215, of which 139 had on the rolls only fifty children or less; fifty-one had from fifty-one to 200; eighteen from 210 to 500; and seven above 500. The total number on the school rolls was 20,041; namely, 10,313 boys and 9,728 girls, the average attendance being 9,357 boys and 8,546 girls. These young folks are disciplined and instructed by 520 teachers—190 males and 330 females—exclusive of about fifty teachers in training, and there are four inspectors. The cost in salaries for 1902 was £62,637 14s 3d. At the end of the year named there were fifty-four scholarships current; of these twenty-one were junior scholarships of the value of £15 per annum, tenable for two years; and thirty-three were senior scholarships of the value of £20 per annum, lasting for three years; these scholarships entitle the holders to tuition at the several high schools an additional allowance being available for pupils who reside at a distance from the secondary schools, so as to enable them to attend. The highest average attendance of any school in the Otago district was that of the Kaikorai school, where the grand total reached 668. In addition to the primary schools the Board has nine district high schools, where secondary education is imparted in addition to the usual primary course; namely, at Palmerston, Port Chalmers, Tokomariro, Balclutha Lawrence. Hampden, Mosgiel, Naseby, and Tapanui. There is likewise a school of Art and Design in the Normal School building in Moray Place. Dunedin. and also a Training College for teachers. When, in 1878. the Otago Education Board was constituted under the Education Act of 1877, the number of schools in the district was 134. as against 215 at the commencement of 1903. The number of teachers had increased from 334 to 520, and the average attendance of scholars from 12,619 to 20,041. The Board has its own architect who employs masons, bricklayers, carpenters, builders, painters, and labourers, and enters into contracts for the purchase of materials required in connection with the erection of new buildings and the repair of old ones. The Education Board office. in Crawford Street and Jetty Street has been, erected satisfactorily under this system. The annual report of the Education Board of the district of Otago is a voluminous pamphlet of eighty pages. dealing fully with all matters pertaining to education in the district. Monthly meetings of the Board take place on the third Wednesday in each month, at the Board room Jetty Stret.
. Secretary and Treasurer to the Education Board of the district of Otago, has held those offices since the month o April, 1878. He was born in Caithness, in the north of Scotland, and arrived in the Colony as a lad of sixteen years, with the intention of devoting his life to agriculture. After two years, during which he underwent considerable hardship, he was compelled by ill-health to abandon the dream of his earlier years, and was induced by friends to accept a cadetship in the Education Department of the Otago Provincial Government. Entering the public service on the 1st of August, 1869, Mr. Pryde speedily rose to the position of chief clerk, and, on the removal of Mr. (now Dr.) Hislop, to Wellington, to take up the position of first Secretary for Education, became acting secretary of the Education Office in Dunedin, Mr, Pryde carried on the duties of the department as acting secretary from the close of 1877 till the first members of the Board were appointed, and, at their first meeting in April, 1878, was unanimously appointed secretary and treasurer. He is an officebearer in Knox Church, but, beyond taking a general interest in church and social matters, has devoted his time and energies wholly to the performance of the onerous duties of his dual office.
, one of the Inspectors of Schools for the Otago Board of Education, came to New Zealand in 1861. While first assistant in the senior department of St. John's Grammar School, Hamilton, he was appointed by the colonial committee of the Free Church of Scotland to the Pigeon Bay academy, a well-known day and boarding school in Canterbury in connection with the Presbyterian Church. This position he filled until 1869. when he became rector of the Oamaru grammar school. He was subsequently appointed principal of the Dunedin Normal school and also rector of the Training College, and, such, entered upon his duties in January, 1876. Mr. Fitzgerald held this appointment until September, 1894, when he jolnted the inspecting-staff of the Otago Eduction Board. The New Zealand Educational Institute was constituted on lines laid down by Mr. Fitzgerald, and he was the first president of the Council.
, one of the Inspectors of the Otago Education Board, was born in St. Austell, Cornwall, England, and came out to Victoria with his parents at an early age. He was trained as a teacher at the Melbourne Training College, under the late Mr. Dixon, and occupied position as assistant teacher and head master in important schools in Victoria. When the Southland district was made into a separate educational distric in 1878, Mr. Goyen was chosen out of a large number of applicants for the position of inspector. He entered upon his duties with energy and worked with great
, B.A., one of the Inspectors under the Otago Education Board, was born in Roxburgh. Otago, and educated at the local school, where also he entered upon his pupil-teachership at the age of fourteen. After a short course at the Normal School. Mr. Richardson matriculated at Otago University and took his D. certificate as a teacher. He was then appointed head-master of a small country school on the goldfields, and two years later was appointed junior relieving-teacher to the board. rising to the position of senior relieving-teacher, in which capacity he served for nine years. During his professional career. Mr. Richardson studied in connection with the University and obtained his B.A. degree in 1893. In August 1894, he was appointed rector of the Balclutha High School; on the death of the late Inspector Taylor he became acting-inspector, then assistant -inspector in January, 1895, and inspector in 1902. He has been an energetic and indefatigable worker, and as relieving-teacher has filled every position in the service of the board from a junior assistant to the more onerous and responsible one of head-master in the largest school in the district. Apart from his scholastic work, he is a good athlete and a keen angler.
, one of the Assistant Inspectors of the Otago Education Board, was born in Victoria, where he served as a pupil-teacher in one of the largest public schools. After completing his course of studies in the Victorian Training College under the late Mr. Gladman, he was put on the relieving staff of the Victorian Education Board for some time. Afterwards he was appointed an assistant at Footscray public school. In 1882 Mr. Bossence was selected out of a large number of applicants as head master of the Model School at the Christchurch Training College. He was next appoited first assistant at the District High School at the Thames, and occupied that position until he recived his present appointment in January, 1895.
. who was appointed Architect to the Otago Education Board in August, 1901, is the eldest son of the late Mr. James Rodger, founder of the firm of Messrs James Rodger and Son, building contractors, Dunedin. He was born in October, 1867, was educated at the local public schools, and afterwards served his time to the building trade. He subsequently spent about twelve years as a builder, and for some years was associated with his father in the trade Mr. Rodger neither comes of a family distinguished in the calling which he has adopted, nor was he trained to the profession; the degree of proficiency which he has attained as an architect is due entirely to his own ambitious nature and characteristic determination to succeed. When a builder he closely applied himself to the study of architecture; attended classes at the Dunedin School of Art, and obtained private tuition, thus fitting himself for the important duties attaching to his present office.
, Truant Officer to the Otago Education Board, was born in Bendigo, Victoria, in 1862, and is the eldest son of the late Mr. Lawrence Gubbins Ryan, hotelkeeper, of Alexandra South. He was educated at Alexandra and at Lawrence, and was subsequently trained as an agricultural implement manufacturer. At an early age he entered the employment of Messrs Reid and Gray. and remained with them for twenty-two years. resigning in 1902 to take up his present position. Mr. Ryan was married, in 1885, to Miss Isabella Paisley, eldest daughter of Andrew Paisley. one of the pioneer settlers of Otago, and has three sons and four daughters.
in Moray Place West, Dunedin, is conducted in a large two-storled brick building. The upper storey is occupied by the School of Art and Design, and the lower storey and adjoining building by the school and college classes. There are seventeen separate class-rooms, fourteen of which are used for the Normal School and the three others for Training College purposes. There is, besides, a science room in the basement storey fitted up as a laboratory for giving the students training and practice in scientific work. The school is surrounded by asphalted play-grounds, in one of which stands a large gymnasium fully equipped with the necessary apparatus for a good course of physical exercises.
, M.A., Principal of the College, and Rector of the School, was born in Edinburgh. He was brought in 1855 by his parents to Tasmania, where he attended Chalmer's School, a private school for boys, attached to Chalmer's Presbyterian church, Hobart. He came as a lad to Dunedin in the beginning of 1862, and at that time was uncertain what course of work to follow up, trying for some time different manual occupations. During this time he continued to keep up his studies, and finally made up his mind to enter the teaching profession. He presented himself, in 1872, for the first public teachers' examination held in Otago, and having passed, was offered an appointment at the St. Leonard's school, West Otago harbour. He next received a subordinate position in the Union Street school, and in 1878, was appointed first assistant to the High Street School. At the request of the Education Board and school committee, he decided to accept a similar position at the Union Street school, which he held for some five years. Whilst engaged in teaching, Mr. White found opportunity to attend the Otago University classes, graduating B.A. in 1883, and M.A. with honours in political science in the following year. He was the first teacher in the province of Otago to obtain the New Zealand Education Department A1 certificate. This certificate is presented only to those teachers who graduate with honours and who receive the maximum marks for length of service, and skill and proficiency
. B.A., Vice-Principal of the Training College for Teachers, and Secretary and Superintendent of the Dunedin Technical Schools, was educated at the public schools, Dunedin Training College, and Otago University. He was first placed in charge of the Kakapuaka school, Otago, where he remained for three years and a half, and he subsequently had charge of the Pareora school, South Canterbury. He was next promoted to the first assistantship of the Waimate District High School, where he remained for a year and a half. In 1891 Mr. Marshall was appointed to the staff of the Normal School, Dunedin, and after eleven years' service he became Vice-Pricipal of the Training College. Mr. Marshall has also been connected with the staff of the Dunedin Technical Classes Association for the past ten years, acting first as mathematical master, then as assistant superintendent, and he now holds the dual office of secretary and superintendent. Mr. Marshall takes a keen interest in educational questions, and is at present a member of the Committee of Management of the Otago Educational Institute. He is a noted cyclist, having won several trophies for performances on the track, and gold medals for the Dunedin to Henley contests; he is also an old athlete. Mr. Marshall was married, in 1886, to a daughter of Mr. E. Jones, of Warrington, and has six sons and two daughters.
, Head-Mistress of the Dunedin Normal School, was born in Dugsh, India, and arrived with her parents in Auckland in 1864. Miss Stevens has spent most of her time in Otago, having been educated principally at the Middle District, now High Street School, where she became a pupil-teacher, gaining a D1 certificate. For some years afterwards she was assistant at that school, and was subsequently transferred to the position she now holds at the Normal School, where she had charge of Standard V. Miss Stevens is a member of the Otago Educational Institute.
, M.A., formerly Vice-principal of the Normal Training College, Moray Place, Dunedin, was born in 1869, at Milton, and was educated primarily at the Wairuna public school, Clinton. Mr. Gray became a pupil-teacher at the Arthur Street school, Dunedin, where he served four years, gaining a D certificate at the end of the term. He was then appointed fourth assistant at Mornington, where he remained for three years, when he was promoted second assistant in the same school and two years later was transferred to the George Street school in a similar capacity. In 1895, Mr. Gray became first assistant at Mornington school, and in March, 1897, was appointed vice-principal in the Training College. During his educational career, Mr. Gray attended Otago University, where he obtained the degree of B.A. in 1894, and M.A. two years later. He was a member of the Otago Educational Institute. Mr. Gray engaged enthusiastically in all out-door sports, notably cricket and golf, and was a member of the Dunedin golf club. In 1895 he married a daughter of Mr. Alex. Cameron, of Grant Street, Dunedin. He is now Inspector of School at Wanganui.
, which occupies the upper portion of the Normal School in Moray Place, was founded in 1870 by the Provincial Council of Otago for the purpose of training teachers and pupil-teachers for the public schools, and for the teaching of drawing and painting as a part of general education. The courses of instruction comprise freehand, including drawing from the antique figure and living model, ornamental design, practical, plance, and solid geometry, perspective, building construction, machine drawing, painting in oil, tempera and water colours, as well as modelling, moulding and casting. These courses are open to the public, as follows; For students attending five days per week, £1 1s. per quarter of ten weeks; evening classes, 10s. 6d. per quarter for two evenings per week; teachers and pupil-teachers of the public schools, free. Students may join at any time. The annual session commences on the second day of February and ends on the second Friday in December. The school comprises a large general class-room, painting-room, modelling-room, and cast-room. The latter has a large and carefully selected assortment of casts, valued at some hundreds of pounds, which were imported from Brucciani, London, a well-known agent of the Science and Art Department. These casts were mostly brought to the Colony in 1870 by the art master, Mr. Hutton. The walls of the various rooms are covered with specimens of paintings and drawings from the works of several well known artists, these exhibits being the property of the art master. The accommodation of the School of Art and Design is equal to 150 pupils. The art master is supported by one assistant, two pupil-teachers in the art department, and masters for building construction and mechanical drawing.
, Principal of the Dunedin School of Art and Design, was born in Dundee, Scotland, in 1843, and was educated at the public schools of his native city. He began his professional career as a student of the Dundee School of Art, and gained a free studentship after his first year. He was appointed an art pupil-teacher in 1859 at the same institution,
. which was opened on the 5th of April, 1880, is a substantial two-storey brick and stone building, occupying a fine site at the extreme end of George Street, Dunedin. There are twelve rooms, ten of which are constantly used for teaching; two, usually set apart as play sheds, are used for teaching purposes, as required. A very large asphalted playground is attached. The school roll contains about 760 names equally diveded between boys and girls. The head-master, Mr. D. A. McNicoll, and Miss Isabel Turnbull, head-mistress, are assisted by a competent staff, consisting of Messrs. A. McLean, first assistant, J. H. A. McPhee, second assistant, Miss V. Campbell, third assistant, Mr. W. R. Cook, fourth assistant, Miss E. J. Gardiner, sixth assistant, and Miss Blanche Luscombe, seventh assistant, besides seven pupil-teachers.
. Head Master of the George Street Public School, was born in Dundee, Scotland, in 1845. Accompanying his parents to Victoria in 1849, Mr. McNicoll was educated at the East Melbourne national school under Mr. J. Main, who was afterwards inspector-general of schools in Victoria. Mr. McNicoll served as a pupil-teacher at the school at which he was primarily educated, and after about eighteen months in commercial life, became assistant in the same institution. He was afterwards on the staff of the South Melbourne school under Mr. James Smith, and remained twelve years, rising to be first assistant, and was engaged as such for ten years. Crossing the Tasman Sea in April, 1876, Mr. McNicoll was appointed master of the Queenstown school, and a year later was transferred to Outram, where he remained for nearly three years. About the end of 1879 he was appointed to the position he now helds, and took charge of the school at its opening in 1880. Mr. McNicoll is a member of the Otago and New Zealand institutes, and has long been connected with the Otago Educational Institute, of which he was at one time president. In the Masonic Order he holds the rank of Past Deputy Provincial Grand Master, I.C. He was married in 1871 to a daughter of the late Mr. Warne, of Melbourne, and has three sons and two daughters.
, Second Assistant Master of the George Street Public School, was born in Coromandel in 1865. Educated at the Caversham school under Mr. W. D. Milne, M. A., he matericulated at Otago University in 1885, and in the same year was at the head of the pupil teachers' examinations for Otago. Mr. McPhee passed the first section of his B.A. examination in 1886. After serving a term of four years as a pupil-teacher at Caversham school he took his D certificate, and was appointed sixth assistant of the George Street School, and was subsequently promotedkk
, Head Mistress of the George Street Public School. was born in Glasgow, and after spending a few years in Melbourne, came to New Zealand when a child and completed her primary education at the public schools. She was trained as a teacher in Dunedin, and obtained a D1 certificate, to which has been added a certificate for drawing and singing. Miss Turnbull was subsequently appointed head mistress of the Kaikorai school, and promoted in 1885 to her present position. She has been a member of the Otago educational institute since taking up her duties at the George Street School.
, Assistant Mistress at the George Street School, Dunedin, was formerly head mistress of the Naseby public school. She was born in Cromwell, and educated at the Union Street School, Dunedin, where she served as a pupil teacher for four years. Subsequently she was trained for two years at the Normal College, and after going to Naseby as relieving teacher, she was appointed head mistress there in 1893. Miss Luscombe holds a D3 certificate.
is one storey in height, built of bluestone, and was erected in 1884. There is an average attendance of about 650. The headmaster is assisted by a mistress, three assistant masters, five assistant female teachers, and four pupil teachers.
, Head Master of the Kaikorai Public School, was appointed to that position in 1893.
, First Assistant-Master of the Kaikorai School, was born at Pigeon Bay, Banks Peninsula, and was educated at the Oamaru Grammer School and at the Normal School and Training College, Dunedin. Mr. Fitzgerald, after being in charge of the Geraldine Flat school for two years, became headmaster of the South Orari school. Two years later he became first assistant at Oamaru North school, and in 1893, was appointed to the North-East Valley school. He afterwards joined the staff of the Kaikorai school. Mr. Fitzgerald is a member of the Otago Educational Institute. He takes a general interest in cricket and cycling, is captain of the Otago university cricket club, and a member of the New Zealand cyclist touring club.
, Second Assistant Master at the Kaikorai Public School, was born in Lincolnshire, England, and was educated at a private school at Theddiethorpe, Burgh-le-Marsh Grammer School, and Queen Elizabeth's Grammar School, Alford all in Lincoinshire, at the last of which he gained a three years' scholarship. He arrived in New Zealand in June, 1880. After serving an apprentieeship of four years, as pupil-teacher in the Arthur Street School, Dunedin, he attended the Normal Training College for eighteen months, gaining an E certificate at the end of the session. He now holds an E1 certificate and a partial D. In October, 1886, Mr. Kelk was appointed third assistant at the Kaikorai public school, and in 1891 was promoted to his present position. He is very fond of music, to which he has given special study. He holds a certificate of competency as instructor of tonic-solfa, which he teachers in connection with the school, and he is also a capable pianist and organist.
. Head Mistress of the Kaikorai Public School, was for sixteen years third assistant at the Caversham public school. and was promoted to the position she now holds at the Kaikorai public school in May, 1895.
was established in 1873, the original school building having been destroyed by fire in the year 1888. The present premises, including a detached infants' class-room, contain eleven separate class-rooms, with accomodation for 700 pupils. There are 666 on the roll, and an average attendance of 582. The head-master is assisted by the head-mistress, six assistant teachers and five pupil-teachers.
, M.A., Head Master of the Forbury school, South Dunedin, was born in Ballarat, Victoria, in 1860, and came to New Zealand with his parents at the age of four years. He received his primary education in this Colony, and entered Otago university in 1882. Mr. Whetter took the B.A. degree in 1888, and the M.A. with honours in physics, in the following year. He was a pupil-teacher in the Forbury school in 1876, and four years later was appointed first assistant, which position he held till 1892. when he was promoted to the one he now occuples. Mr. Whetter was president of the Dunedin branch of the Educational Institute, and subsequently became president of the Otago Educational Institute. He was married in 1896 to a daughter of Mr. Joseph Hatton, accountant, Dunedin, and has one son.
, Second Assistant Master, South Dunedin (Forbury) Public School, was born at Newcatle-on-Tyne in 1870. He was educated partly at Home and partly in Dunedin, having arrived at Port Chalmers by the ship “Canterbury” in 1880. Mr. Maxwell served his pupil-teachership at the Forbury school, received his first certificate in 1891, now holds the D3 certificate, and has been one of the masters of the school since completing his term as pupil-teacher.
originally established in 1875 by the Provincial Government of Otago, is a single storey brick and stone structure centrally situated in a thickly populated part of Dunedin. The building has been several times enlarged, and in 1897 an infants' schoolroom was added, and the whole building was reconstruted and renovated; altogeter there are thirteen school and class-rooms, including the head-master's office. There is accommodation for about 750 pupils; and there are over 600 on the roll. Surrounding the school are three large playgrounds entirely of asphalt. A remarkably fine gymnasium has been built within the school grounds, completely fitted up with the most modern appliances for developing the youthful muscles. The building is used daily for the purpose of holding a “Yaralla,” under the auspices of the Dunedin Kindergarten Association.
, Headmaster of the Albany Street School, was born in Auckland in 1858, and was educated at Sandhurst and Melbourne, where he went through a course of training under the Victorian education department, securing a teacher's certificate in 1874. Mr. Hodge was a master at four different schools in the western districts of Victoria till 1880, when he came to Otago. He was first assistant at the Caversham school for four years, then retired from the service of the board in 1884, and unsuccessfully contested the Peninsula seat in the House of Representatives with the Hon. W. J. M. Laruach. He then became a law student, was admitted a solicitor of the Supreme Court in 1886, and practised in Dunedin for three years. He contested the Mount Ida seat against Mr. Scobie Mackenzie in 1887, and was again defeated. Mr. Hodge re-entered the service of the education board in 1889 as headmaster at Higheliff school, where he continued until he was appointed to the Normal School in November, 1896. In 1898 he was appointed senior relieving officer to the Board, and to his present position in 1900. Mr. Hodge is a member of the Masonic order, attached to Lodge Dunedin, No. 931 (E.C.), in which he has twice occupied the chair. He is also a member of the Otago educational institute and is president of the Dunedin branch. Mr. Hodge was married in 1886 to a daughter of the late Mr. John Logan, of Dunedin.
, First Assistant Master of the Albany Street Public School, was born in Dunedin, in 1864, and was educated at the Milton District High School, the Otago Boys' High School, and Normal School, Dunedin. In 1883 he entered the teaching profession, was for two years stationed at the Kyeburn Diggings, and for fifteen years at Kaitangata, and in 1900 he was appointed to his present position. Mr. McLaren has for many years taken an active interest in volunteering and bowls.
, originally known as the Middle District School, was established in 1856. The present commodious building was completed in 1877. It stands on two acress of ground adjoining the Boys' High School. The land is planted with ornamental trees, and laid out in grass; the broad grounds are asphalted, and covered sheds have been erected for the use of children during wet weather. Arthur Street School is a one-storey building, of brick, and is divided into ten rooms, with an aggregate floor space of 6,306 square feet. In the year 1902 the number of scholars on the roll was 595, and the average attendance 525. Mr. J. H. Chapman, the headmaster, is assisted by Miss E. G. Sheriff (head-mistress), Messrs R. J. Barrett, P. G. Stewart, and J. Hunter (first, second, and fourth assistant masters); Misses M. H. Thomson, M. T. Scott, and G. A. Keam (third, fifth, and sixth assistant mistresses), and five pupil teachers.
, which occupies one of the education reserves at the corner of Union, Cumberland, and Great King Streets, is a fine brick and stone building of two stories in height. There are, besides two offices, twelve large school and class rooms, which are lofty and well ventilated. There is accommodation for 1,200 children; the number on the roll is 572, and the average attendance, 503. The area of land in connection with this school is at least two acres in extent, and capital asphalted play-grounds are available for the young folks on all sides of the building; covered play-sheds have also been erected, so that recreation need not be suspended during rainy and stormy weather. A large six-sided drinking fountain has been erected in the play-ground, at a cost of over £50, with three taps and cups for the boys, and a like number for the girls. This has a special tank, with one of Pasteno's patent filters containing eighteen mineral candles through which the water is forced by pressure. These candles are periodically removed and subjected to a baking process so as to keep them effective for filtration purposes. The headmaster is assisted by Miss M. S. McMillan (headmistress), Messrs L. A. Line, M.A., and E. Davis (first and second assistant masters), Miss A. W. Rodger (assistant mistress), Miss J. I. Given (assistant mistress), and five pupil-teachers. The roll of honour of the school includes the names of many who are now holding prominent commercial and scholastic positions in various parts of the colonies.
, M.A., B.Sc., First Assistant, Union Street School, was born in 1864 at Waitahuna, and was educated at the public school, in which he served four years as a pupil-teacher. After a year's training at the Normal Training College, he was appointed fourth assistant at the High Street school, subsequently became second assistant at the Union Street school, and received his present appointment in 1892. Mr. Line kept terms at Otago University, gaining his B.A. degree in 1890, his M.A. degree in the following year, with honours in mental science, and his B Sc. degree in 1899. It may be mentioned that Mr. Line became a pupil-tacher at the age of fourteen, and secured his A1 certificate, which is the highest grade, in 1891. He was teacher of arithmetic for one year at the Dunedin Technical School. Mr. Line is a tennis player and an organist. In the holidays he finds recreation in travelling through various parts of New Zealand, and he takes great delight in hill-climbing and mountaineering. During the year 1900 Mr. Line visited various parts of India, Ceylon, China, Japan, Egypt,
stands on a large block of ground at the corner of High Street and Alva Street, adjoining the Town Belt. It is a large wooden building, of modern design, of two stories, surmounted by a square tower, and was erected in 1886. The whole of the rooms are very lofty, and plastered throughout, and are thoroughly ventilated. There are four rooms on the ground floor, in addition to the infants' room; and four class-rooms upstairs, besides the head-master's and matron's apartments. A large and well-constructed gymnasium adjoins the school buildings. At the end of 1903 there were 570 scholars on the roll, with an average attendance of 530. The school staff, in addition to the headmaster and mistress, comprises three male and four female assistant teachers, and three pupil-teachers.
was established about 1859, and was originally built of stone obtained from neighbouring quarries. From time to time, however, it has been repaired, and practically re-built, so that only a small portion of the original structure now remains. Two small wooden buildings have been erected close to the main building. The school now possesses 6,100 square feet of floor space, and is surrounded by an asphalted playground. There are 534 names on the roll, and the average attendance is 480.
, M.A., Headmaster of the Caversham Public School, was born in the North of Scotland, and was educated at the University of Aberdeen. He arrived in New Zealand in 1863, and fifteen months later received his present appointment.
is situated on the western boundary of the borough of Mornington, and overlooks the Kaikorai Valley. It is a wooden building, and contains ten large classrooms, with accommodation for about 600 pupils. There is a large and fully equipped gymnasium attached to the school, which has nearly 500 names on its roll. The teaching staff consists of the headmaster, a mistress, two male assistants, three female assistants, and two pupil teachers.
, which is one of the earliest suburban schools of Dunedin, is conducted in a very handsome bluestone building of one storey, built in 1882. The main building contains five large class-rooms in addition to the head master's office. The infants' school at the rear of the main building is of wood, and contains four additional rooms. The total accommodation is equal to 700. The present number on the roll is 475, and the average attendance about 410. There are about four acres of ground attached to the school, the large asphalt playground being specially noticeable. There are also covered sheds for shelter in wet weather. The head master is assisted by six male and female teachers, and two pupil-teachers.
, Head Master of the North East Valley Public School, was born in Perthshire, Scotland, in 1845. He was educated in Melbourne and trained under the Victorian education department, from which he gained his first certificate of competeney as a teacher, and subsequently became one of the most popular assistant masters in Melbourne. On being appointed to take charge of the Outram school, in the Taieri district, he joined the service of the Otago Education Board. For the eight years ending 1888, Mr. Murray had charge of the West Taieri school, and was appointed to his present position in February of that year. He is a member of the Otago Educational Institute, and has taken considerable interest in football and cricket. While at the Taieri, he established the West Taieri cricket club, and now takes a keen interest in the North East Valley school cricket club. Mr. Murray has been a volunteer both in Victoria and in Otago, and was the captain of the West Taieri corps, which took the blue-ribbon of New Zealand for shooting at the team matches. He is also captain of the North East Valley school cadet corps. He was initiated into the Masonic Order, S.C., in Lodge Taieri, of which he is a past master. Mr. Murray was married in 1872 to a daughter of Mr. James Rawlins, coach-builder, Melbourne, and has three sons and seven daughters.
, First Assistant Master of the North East Valley Public School, was born in Daylesford, Victoria, in 1865, and was educated at the public schools and the grammar school in his native place. He passed the matriculation examination in two years-1880 and 1881—with honours in classics, and for two years subsequently was resident assistant in the Daylesford Grammar School. In 1883 he came to New Zealand, and shortly after his arrival entered the service of the Education Department. For about thirteen years he taught as headmaster of various ocuntry schools. In 1896 he was appointed second assistant of the North East Valley school, and held that position until 1900, when he was appointed to his present post. Mr. Booth is a member of the North East Valley Presbyterian church, of which he has been an elder for several years.
, which was opened in June, 1883, is a wooden building with seating accommodation for about 650 pupils. It stands on concrete foundations, and is surrounded by a playground of two acres. In 1903 the number on the roll was 433, and the average attendance 390. The staff consists of three male and six female teachers.
, Headmaster of the Macandrew Road Public School, was born in Norfolk, England, in 1847; arrived in Victoria in 1856, and came to New Zealand in 1879, to join the teaching staff of the Otago Education Board. He was appointed to his present position in 1883.
, Second Assistant Master of the Macandrew Road school, is a second son of Mr. John Melville, of Maitland Street. He was born in Dunedin and educated at the High Street school, Normal Training College, and at the University of Otago, where he kept terms for two years. Mr. Melville gained a D4 certificate in the beginning of 1897, and was appointed to the staff of the Kensington school in July of
, situated at the corner of Grosvenor Street and Anderson's Bay road, adjoining the railway, was established in 1871, and the present building was built about the year 1880. It is a stone and brick building of one storey, and contains six large school rooms, besides the head master's office. The accommodation is equal to about 450 pupils; the number on the roll is 323, and the average attendance about 280. The staff consists of the head-master, head-mistress, three assistant teachers, and three pupil-teachers. There are separate playgrounds, fully asphalted, for the boys and girls, respectively; also covered playgrounds for wet weather.
, Head Master of the Kensington Public School, was born in Sydney, educated in Melbourne, trained for the scholastic profession, and served as a monitor under the Victorian Education Department. For eight or nine years subsequently, he was in charge of the Charleston public school. Mr. Moore came to Otago in 1875, and after three years in charge of the Kaihiku school, was appointed to the position he now holds. He has been one of the most active members of the Otago Educational Institute, having filled the position of its president. He has long been connected with the Caledonian Society, of which he is a director, and was at one time president. Mr. Moore has taken an active part in cricket for fully thirty years, and has represented New Zealand against Australia on several occasions. In his earlier days he was a well known athlete, and took part in many contests. He was married in 1872 to a daughter of Mr. Harle, of Newcastle, and has five sons and four daughters.
, Head Mistress of the Kensington School, was born in Edinburgh. Coming to New Zealand at an early age, Miss Hooper was educated at the old William Street, now High Street school, and at the Arthur Street (then Middle District) school. She served her pupil teachership of five years at the Albany Street school and gained a D1 certificate. For eight years, Miss Hooper was head mistrees of the Sawyers Bay school, and was appointed in 1891 to her present position. Miss Hooper is one of the vice-president of the Otago Educational Institute, and member of the executive of the Dunedin branch. In 1895, she introduced the kindergarten work into the Kensington school, and the change has been found to make the teaching less tedious to the children. Miss Hooper has long taken an interest in first aid to the injured and in nursing, and holds the St. John Ambulance medallion. She gives periodical lessons to the senior girls of the Kensington school in these matters, with a view to rendering them useful as nurses in their own homes.
, formerly Headmaster of the Albany Street Public School, was born in 1848 in Glasgow, Scotland, and was educated at the Normal Seminary, and Glasgow University. He arrived in Port Chalmers by the ship “Peter Denny” in 1866, and became headmaster of the Palmerston public school under the provincial government, and a year later was transferred as first assistant to the High Street school, Dunedin, from which he was removed to the Middle District, now Arthur Street school. Mr. Ferguson was promoted to the headmastership of the Albany Street school in 1876. He took a deep interest in educational matters, having been connected with the Otago and New Zealand Educational Institute, and when the technical classes were conducted in Dunedin, under the auspices of the Caledonian Society, Mr. Ferguson was superintendent for several years. He was captain of the school cadets for many year. As a Freemason he was connected with Lodge Celtic, S.C., Lodge Otago, E.C., and Lodge Maori, N.Z.C.; he took the degrees of the Royal Arch Chapter, St. John's Knight Templars, and the Sphinx Chapter, and passed all the chairs save that of W.M. in the Scotch constitution. He was a member of the Ravensbourne rowing club. Mr. Ferguson was married in 1888 to a daughter of Mr. Derham, of Victoria; she died in 1891, leaving one son; and Mr. Ferguson himself died in April, 1900.
(the Misses Miller, principals), Moray Place, Dunedin. This well known select school for girls was founded in 1894, by the four young ladies who now conduct the establishment. There are few private schools attended by such a large number of pupils, of whom there are nearly 100 at Braemar House. The building is of two-stories, in brick; the entrance to the school is at the side, and the private entrance in the front of the building. There are five school and classrooms appropriately used for the several grades of proficiency exhibited by the pupils. The junior schoolroom, which opens to an asphalt tennis court, has desks for twenty-one girls. The gymnasium has recently been fitted up, so as to do duty as the matriculation class-room, with seats for thirty advanced scholars; it is also used for music, and drawing classes. The senior class-room is occupied by twenty-four girls, who are not entering for matriculation, but who study literature and other subjects, which cannot be so fully taught in the matriculation division. The dining-hall is a large and well lighted apartment, containing a piano and every convenience. It is available for a class of little girls, who have
(Miss Frances J. Ross, M.A., Principal) Dowing Street, Dunedin. This college was founded by Miss Caroline Freeman, B.A., now of Girton College, Christchurch. Miss Freeman afterwards disposed of her interest in the college to its present principal, Miss Ross.
, Dowling Street, Dunedin, in every respect an up-to-date institution, is conducted by the Dominican Nuns. The imposing building which forms the Priory and College is situated on a hill open to the play of ocean breezes, and commands a magnificent prospect. The college is fire-proof. Its fine exterior reflects the harmony of its internal arrangements. The large airy dormitories accommodate many occupants, yet afford seclusion and privacy to each, and the large dressing-room is furnished with every convenience, such as wardrobes, and marble basins, each with its hot and cold tap, etc. The gymnasium has a complete set of appliances for physical development. There is a bright kindergarten under a competent Kindergartenerin; a fine dining hall is liberally supplied; a cosy infirmary possesses its isolated suite of rooms; the principal lecture-hall with its polished floors, its handsome dado in various native woods, and its many gothic windows, through which a mellowed brightness streams, affords an inviting retreat for study; and the art studio is furnished at considerable cost with models, casts, and all requisites. The ventilation and sanitary arrangements of the college are on the latest scientific principles. The completeness of all its arrangements in every respect justifies the claims of St. Dominic's Ladies' College to be at least equal to any similar institution in Australasia. The course of instruction embraces all that is required for a refined, high-class education, and includes the classics, modern languages (French, German, Spanish, and Italian), mathematics and natural science; and is arranged to prepare students to pass the Civil Service and University Examinations.
The School of Music attached to the College is well known in the colony, through pupils whose brilliant technique and masterful skill would do credit to any continental conservatoire. Many of the lady professors of music, like those of the languages, were trained in Europe, by some of the leading continental teachers. The Violin School, now in full swing, is under the guidance of a professor, who has won her fame as an artiste on that instrument. At the examinations of the Royal Academy of Music and Trinity College, London, the pupils have scored brilliant successes in harmony, instrumental and vocal music.
The pupils of the School of Art are prepared for the South Kensington examinations in the several branches of drawing. Painting in oils and water colours, drawing in pastels, figures and landscapes in the various mediums, receive due attention. The minor arts of artneedlework, woodcarving in relief, etc., are taught in classes; but ladies and ex-students are admitted to private lessons in any subject of the curriculum.
The system of moral training adopted at St. Dominic's College is that happy blending of the culture of the mind and heart which finds its external expression in lady-like manners and gentle behaviour. The health and physical development of the students are maternally watched and tended; and walks to the country and to the sea-side, excursions and picnics on free days, games of tennis and other outdoor amusements, prevent the too great strain of study. The academic year is divided into four terms, each of ten weeks, excluding holidays. Fees are moderate and can be ascertained on application. Branch convents with flourishing schools conducted by the Dominican Nuns are established at Oamaru, Invercargill, Milton, Lawrence, Cromwell, Queenstown, the Bluff, and lately in the North-East Valley, Dunedin, where an extensive property has been acquired, with a proximity to St. Dominic's College, which will be of considerable advantage to the resident students.
for Girls, Heriot Row, Dunedin. Patron: The Most Rev. the Primate. This school is conducted by the Sisters of the Anglican Church, who belong to a scholastic order founded for the express purpose of promoting the cause of education, both religious and secular. Its members have been engaged in this work for a quarter of a century, and conduct large and flourishing schools in England, India, Burma. United States of America, Canada, Australia and Tasmania. The Sisters' aim is to train the children committed to their charge to be, not only highly educated, but also high-minded women. To attain these ends, they give their most earnest care to the moral, social, mental, and physical development of the pupils entrusted to them, and are aided in their work by a very efficient staff of resident and visiting teachers. Due attention is also paid to manners, general neatness, and deportment, in order that the pupils, on leaving school, may be qualified to adapt themselves to any environment, and to adorn any social position to which they may be called. The usual school course includes arithmetic, mathematics, English composition, literature, history, physical and political geography, science, French, Latin, class singing, freehand and model drawing, needlework, and calisthenics. There are additional classes for extra subjects and accomplishments. Pupils are prepared for the University Matriculation, and Associated Board R.A.M. and R.C.M. musical examinations. The upper division of the school embraces the fourth remove, fifth, matriculation, and sixth forms, whilst the junior comprises the fourth and third. In June, 1903, there were over ninety pupils on the school roll, including twenty-six boarders. The Sisters are aided by an excellent staff of teachers; amongst those on the visiting staff are Mr. G. E. Thomson, M.A. (Latin and Mathematics), Mr. G. E. Butter (Drawing and Painting). Mr. Blandford, L.R.A.M. (Pianoforte), Mr. Maithland Gard'ner (Singing), Mme. Decleene (French). The Sisters have had wide experience in educational work, and their efforts, both in England and the colonie have hitherto been acknowledged as highly successful. The whole school is under their immediate supervision, and they are brought into direct contact with every child under their care. The house is exceedingly well adapted for its present purpose, there being large and convenient class-rooms and a dining-hall on the ground floor, whilst upstairs is a bright well-ventilated dormitory, in which each girl has a completely-furnished cubicle; a pretty sitting-room is reserved for the use of resident pupils. One great feature which strikes every visitor, is the bright and cheerful appearance of all the rooms. The girls' physical development receives great attention, calisthenics and tennis being frequently practised by them, and the health and comfort of all is made an especial care. St. Hilda's was opened at the beginning of 1896 at the Grange, Leith Street, but owing to the steady increase of boarding and day pupils, the Sisters found it necessary to move to a larger house. They were fortunate in securing one, which for healthiness of situation and beauty of surrounding is almost unrivalled in Dunedin. A large new wing, including drill-hall and dormitories, was added to the already commodious house. The school is most conveniently situated; for, though on the borders of the Town Pelt, it is within five minutes' walk from the trams. A garden and good asphalt tennis court are attached.
, 51 George Street, Dunedin; Instructor, Mr. A. Cracroft Wilson. This school was opened in January, 1904, and occupies the greater part of the second floor of the well known Sussex Hall. The premises, which were re-constructed and fitted up under the supervision of Mr. Wilson, are splendidly adapted for the purpose, and comprise several apartments, including a large general hall, a ladies' dressing room, and a bath room. All these rooms are tastefully decorated with pictures and portraits of a suitable character. Sandow's system of instruction alone is taught; the rates charged are extremely reasonable, and rapid development is assured to industrious and faithful pupils. Mr. Willson, the instructor and sole proprietor, was specially trained by Mr. F. A. Hornibrook, of Christechurch, a Sandow medallist of 1898. He is a son of Mr. A. Cracroft Wilson, Registrar of Canterbury College, and was born at Cashmere, near Christchurch, in 1879, and educated at the Christchurch Boys' High School. He afterwards took up commercial work, and later on went, as a member of the Second Contingent, to South Africa, whence he returned in the “Tongariro.” Mr. Wilson's interest in physical development dates back to his college days, and though he has since then been occasionally engaged in other work, he has always given the better half of his attention to physical culture, and has devoted several years to the study of the world-famed Sandow system.
There has been provision for religion in Otago from the earliest days of settlement. Presbyteianism has predominated from the outset, but other religious bodies also have the freest possible scope in the province. The delicately-pointed spires of First Church and Knox Church, the ivy-enclustered Anglican Cathedral of St. Paul's, the magnificent Roman Catholic Cathedral of St. Joseph's, with its stately pile of conventual buildings, and the various other more or less ornamental city churches, bear witness to a varied denominationalism. About four years before the arrival of the “John Wycliffe” and “Philip Laing,” Bishop Selwyn visited Otago, and the Europeans and Maoris at Moeraki, Waikouaiti, the Otago Heads, Ruapuke, and Stewart Island. As he himself stated, “he married the Europeans to their native wives, and baptised about seventy children.” Bishop Selwyn again visited Otago in June, 1848, when he was well received by the newly-arrived settlers. On the 1st of January, 1852, the Rev. J. A. Fenton arrived in Dunedin, with the Bishop's authority to organise a church. The foundation of Presbyterianism in Otago is contemporaneous with the settlement of the province, and the Rev. Thomas Burns, the first minister, arrived with the early settlers on the 15th of April, 1848. Until the early sixties the Roman Catholies had made little progress, though Bishop Pompallier had visited Dunedin as early as 1840, and during the fifties Father Petitjean periodically ministered to the Catholies of Otago. In 1840 the Wesleyans began a mission to the Maoris at Waikouaiti, where the Rev. James Watkin was the first minister. A meeting to form a Congregational church in the province was held in Dunedin on the 14th of October, 1862, and the Baptist denomination date their inauguration from a meeting held on the 10th of June, 1863. Other religious bodies have established themselves in the city during later years.
in Otago is so inseparably connected with that of the province that much of its story has already been told in the general introduction to this volume. Therefore it may be sufficient to say here that in 1843, two years after the New Zealand Company had obtained its charter of colonisation from the Imperial Government, a movement to form a Scotch settlement in some part of the Middle Island of New Zealand was begun, and it was proposed to arrange for religious and educational endowments on the basis of Presbyterianism. Owing to trouble in connection with the disruption of the Church of Scotland, considerable delay was experienced in carrying out the scheme of settlement. However, in 1845, the Lay Association of the Free Church brought the scheme again before the General Assembly of the Free Church, which gave the project its full approval. An agreement was then entered into with the New Zealand Company, providing that the Association should be recognised as the party to promote the settlement. Emigrants were to be selected, and lands were to be sold to persons approved by the Association, which was to carry out the enterprise on its own principles and lines. A portion of a 400,000 acre block of land, previously bought from the Maoris, was secured and divided in properties of certain areas, and the proceeds of the sale were to be appropriated in various defined ways. The settlement was to consist of a block of 146,000 acres to be divided into 2,400 properties, each to consist of sixty acres, and one quarter; namely a rural allotment of fifty acres, a suburban allotment of ten acres, and a town section of one quarter acre; and the price to be paid to the New Zealand Company was £2 per acre. One hunderd properties, or 6,025 acres, were to be held by Trustees for religious and educational purposes, and these Trustees were also to receive one-eight of each pound sterling realised from land sales within the Association's block: the money so received to be administered likewise in the interest of education and religion. The great advantage held out by the Association attracted numerous people who had families, as well as unmarried persons, who had hopes of bettering their condition in a new country, provided from the first with means for the maintenance of education and religion. Accordingly, the “John Wycliffe,” with ninety-seven emigrants under the leadership of Captain William Cargill, and the “Philip Laing,” with 247, under that of the Rev. Thomas
From the early days of the colony a feeling existed for the union of the Otago church with her sister church in the North Island. After much negotiation, dropped and renewed
is situated on the reduced level of what used to be known as Bell Hill in the centre of the city. The name “First Church” designates rather the congregation than the building itself. The congregation—for several years the only religious communion in Otago—at first occupied a building partly of wood, and partly of stone, which stood on the site now occupied by Messrs Sargood, Son and Ewen's warehouse in Lower High Street. A second building was erected in Dowling Street where the City Hall now stands. During the occupancy of this second or interim church, the erection of the present imposing building was undertaken, and in November, 1873, it was ready for the uses of public worship. The original cost of the building was £16,000; but various alterations, including a gallery, afterwards erected, brought the amount up to about £20,000. The church, in the opinion of Sir Julius Vogel, the fairest and most chaste of the ecclesiastical buildings south of the line, is one of the most prominent features of the city of Dunedin. It is built of Oamaru stone, in the Norman-Gothic style of architecture. A graceful spire runs up to a height of 185 feet. The pulpit and baptismal font are of stone, the carvings of which are much and justly admired. The organ, which was introduced in 1889, is situated in the gallery. The church is seated for about 1000 worshippers, and is usually well filled. The membership in full communion numbers over 700; and there is also a considerable roll of adherents. A large number of agencies are connected with the congregation, and there are three Sunday schools. One is conducted in the hall adjoining the church, another in a mission hall (the property of the church) in Russell Street, and a third in Roslyn. The total number of scholars is between 500 and 600.
Since its institution in 1848, First Church has had only five pastors in full charge; namely, the Rev. Dr. Burns, the Rev. George Sutherland, the Rev. Lindsay Mackie, the Rev. W. H. Guthrie, and the Rev. James Gibb. Towards the end of 1903 the lastmentioned accepted a call to St. John's Church, Wellington; and so far (February, 1904) no successor has been permanently appointed to First Church.
, Organist at First Church, is the well known conductor of the Dunedin Orchestral Society, in connection with which he is further referred to.
, D.D., pioneer Presbyterian Minister of Otago, was born at the farm house of Mossgiel, Mauchline, Ayrshire, Scotland, on the 14th of April, 1796, three months to a day before the death of his uncle the poet, whose genius has made all that part of Scotland hallowed and classic ground. His father was Gilbert Burns, the intelligent, high-minded brother of the bard. Thomas Burns was primarily educated at a private school in Dumfriesshire, and at the Grammar School of Haddington. Then he proceeded to the University of Edinburgh, where he studied for the church. On leaving the University he became tutor in the family of Sir John Dalrymple, in Berwickshire and in 1825 that gentleman's brother, Sir Hugh Dalrymple, presented Mr. Burns with the living of Ballantrae, where he remained for five years. While he was at Ballantrae Mr. Burns married the daughter of the Rev. James Francis Grant, minister of the Episcopal church, Broughton Place, Edinburgh, and son of Sir Archibald Grant, of Monymusk, Aberdeenshire. Mrs Burns afterwards accompanied her husband to New Zealand, where she shared in his pioneer labours and died on the 19th of July, 1878, about seven years after he himself had passed away. From Ballantrae Mr. Burns was translated to Monckton, a wealthy parish within four miles of Ayr. This charge had been previously held by Mrs Burns's maternal uncle, the Rev. John Steel Oughterston, the last minister of a family, which for nearly two hundred years had held ministerial office in the Church of Scotland. At Monckton Mr. Burns remained for thirteen years, during the last ten of which the controversy which led to the disruption of the Church of Scotland was waged throughout the land. In this struggle Mr. Burns took so strenuous a part that he was one of the 400 ministers who accompanied by half the Established Kirk of Scotland, went out in 1843, under the leadership of Dr. Chalmers, and constituted the Free Church. In this course Mr. Burns was followed by the majority of his own parishioners at Monckton. It was after he had organised his new charge that he accepted the first colonial appointment made by the Free Church. Necessarily this had been preceded by a great deal of negotiation. Mr. Burns had for some time taken a sympathetically active interest in the Otago settlement scheme, which had been originated by Mr. George Rennie, whose co-worker, Captain William Cargill, had been in many ways cordially helped by Mr. Burns. With a view to taking advantage of the changes brought about by the disruption, Mr. Rennie visited Edinburgh, where he instructed the Rev. Dr. Candlish and Captain Cargill's brother, who was a lawyer, to place the New Zealand Company's proposals with regard to a Presbyterian church settlement in New Zealand before the Colonial Committee of the Free Church. The negotiations thus began ended in Mr. Burns becoming the pioneer Presbyterian minister of Otago, and in his accompanying the immigrants who landed there with himself and Captain Cargill, by the “John Wycliffe” and “Phillip Laing,” in 1848. about five years after the date of his appointment. Those five years were years of hard work for the projectors of the new settlement, the champions of which had to face and overcome the countless obstacles and obstructions which old and conservative communities ever place in the way of original ideas and enterprises. In that work Dr. Burns took the part of a strong and resourceful man. At last—after divers misadventures on coast and in channel—the “John Wycliffe” finally sailed on the 8th of December. 1847, and the “Philip Laing” on the 20th; the first with Captain Cargill and his party on board dropped anchor inside Taiaroa Heads on the 22nd of March, 1848, and the “Philip Laing,” in which Dr. Burns was a passenger, entered Otago Harbour nearly a month later, on Saturday, the 15th of April. Dr. Burns at once went to Dunedin to meet Captain Cargill, and the next day, which was Sunday, he conducted divine service in the chief surveyor's office. This building continued to be the place of worship until a schoolhouse was built, which for many years served as a church, as well as for other social, judicial, and political purposes. Dr. Burns had brought out material for his manse, which was speedily erected at the corner of Princes and Jetty Streets. This he occupied for several years, until a larger one was erected on Church Hill, and eventually replaced by the present First Church manse, adjoining First Church. For nearly six years Dr. Burns stood alone to discharge the duties of the ministry, and during that time he did not confine his labours to Dunedin, but extended them as far south as Clutha—encouraging all to overcome the difficulties of their new life, both by able evangelical preaching, and the wise counsels which a large experience of country life and much intercourse with all classes of men peculiarly fitted him to impart. Messrs Will and Bannerman arrived in 1854 to help him; and later on came Dr. Stuart and others, until gradually the
, one of the handsomest eccleastical buildings in Dunedin, is the second church of its name, and was opened in 1876, to replace the first church which occupied the site of the present (1904) Knox Church Sunday school. The original church stood on two quarter-acre sections at the corner of Great King and Frederick Streets, presented by the late Mr. John Hyde Harris. It was erected at a cost of £1,997, and contained 578 sittings. The foundation stone was laid in 1859 by Mr. John Hyde Harris at whose suggestion the building was named Knox Church. The late Rev. Dr. Donald MacNaughton Stuart, who had been a minister of the Presbyterian Church, at Falstone, Northumberland, was selected as the first pastor, and came with his wife and three children to Port Chalmers by the ship “Bosworth.” The church was opened for divine service on the 6th of May, 1860, About 1869, owing to the difficulty in providing sittings for the congregation, a general desire arose to enlarge the old or erect a new church, but nothing definite was then done in the matter. However, in 1871, it was decided by the congregation to erect a new church, and the managers soon had promised subscriptions, amounting to £3000, towards the cost. The section on which the present building stands, and which adjoined that of the old manse in George Street, was purchased for £550, and it was decided to use the old church as a Sabbath school, and for other useful purposes. The new building was begun in 1874 from plans drawn by Mr. Lawson, architect. The material used is blue stone from the Water of Leith quarries, and Kakanui stone dressings, and the design is Gothic of the thirteenth century;
, B.A., Pastor of Knox Church, was born in Victoria, and educated at the Melbourne University and Ormond College. He obtained his degree in 1887, and during his course took the Professor's prize in Logic. Mr. Hewitson was for seven years and a half pastor at Brunswick. near Melbourne, and was called to Knox Church, Dunedin, in 1895.
, A.L.A.M., who has filled the position of organist at Knox church since 1884, is also a teacher of music. He is, therefore, further referred to in the Musical Section of this volume.
, D.D., sometime Minister of Knox Church, Dunedin, was born in the year 1820, in a hamlet near the confluence of the river Lyon with the river Tay, in Perthshire, Scotland. He attended the parish school at Kenmore, and the master, a college-bred man, instructed him in Gaelic, English, Latin, Greek, and Mathematics. While he was yet a mere lad, young Stuart himself took to
, Walker Street Dunedin, is a brick building with seating accommodation for about six hundred worshippers. The organ, which is a fine instrument, cost £800. The Sunday school hall, with accommodation for about 500 scholars in the central hall and class rooms, is underneath the church. There is also a fine Mission Hall, where athletic and calisthenic classes for boys and girls are held, and a sewing and cookery class, a Bible class, Christian Endeavour, and Young Men's Club. This hall has a lending library attached to it, and also a free reading room.
. M.A., D.D., was born in County Down, Ireland, and educated at Queen's College, Belfast. He graduated B.A. at Queen's University in 1874, and M.A. in 1875, and received the degree of D.D. in 1897. He took his theological course at the Presbyterian Theological College. Belfast, and arrived in New Zealand in 1877. For about two years Dr. Waddell had charge of Lincoln and Prebbleton and in 1879 became pastor of his present church. He has twice revisited the Old Country. Dr. Waddell is a writer on theological and social subjects, and has been for years a contributor to various magazines. He has published a volume of sermons, entitled. “Behold the Lamb of God.”
, who is referred to in the Musical Section of this volume, is the organist at St. Andrew's Presbyterian church.
is a fine brick building at the corner of Great King and Howe streets, and was erected in the year 1900 at a cost of £3,500, to replace the old wooden building burned down in 1898. The building stands on a quarter acre allotment, and there is fine choir gallery with an American organ. There is seating accommodation for 500 people, and the church is well attended during the Sunday services. A large Sunday school, erected at a cost of £1,100 adjoins the church.
, the Minister in charge, is the youngest surviving son of the late Rev. Hugh McIntyre, D.D., Loanends, County Antrim, Ireland. He was educated at the Belfast Academy and the Glasgow University, and studied the-ology at the United Presbyterian Divinty Hall, and the Free Church College, Glasgow. His first charge was Portree, United Presbyterian Church, Isle of Skye, to which he was called in 1880. In 1886 he went out to Tasmania, at the request of the Colonial Committee of the United Presbyterian Church, and was successful in the work to which he was set, of resuscitating the congregation of St. John's Hobart, which had been dissolved six years previously. In this sphere he continued to labour till 1895, when, on account of failing health, he paid a visit to New Zealand, and was called to his present charge. In 1890 Mr. McIntyre married Miss E. L. Simonds, of Hobart, and has four children.
is a wooden building which was erected in 1861, and enlarged twenty years later. At first the district was visited by a missionary, who was engaged to take charge of this and other outlying districts, but in 1863 the Rev. J. H. McNaughton formerly of Nova Scotia was called to the charge. This gentleman was followed in 1877 by the Rev. C. Stuart Ross, of Riverton, who on his resignation in 1884. was succeeded by the Rev. A. Cameron. The church has two handsome windows erected to the memory of the late Mr. William Somerville, and the widow of the late Hon. Matthew Holmes. The Sunday school hall was built at a cost of £550. The manse is a fine brick residence, erected at a cost of £1200.
, B.A., Minister in charge of the Presbyterian Church at Anderson's Bay, was born in Paisley, Scotland, and accompanied his parents to Dunedin in 1863 by the ship “City of Dunedin” He was educated at the Port Chalmers High School and the Otago University, where he held a scholarship for three years, and graduated, taking a Senior University Scholarship in Science. For eighteen months he studied at the Otago Presbyterian Theological College, and in 1880 proceeded to Edinburgh to to take a full course of theology at the United Presbyterian College, where he held a scholarship for two years. Mr. Cameron also studied theology at Jena and Leipsic, and returned to New Zealand in 1884, and in that year was called to the charge of the church at Anderson's Bay. He is a member of the New Zealand University Senate and of the Council of the Otago University. He is also convener of the Theological College, a member of the Board of Governors of the Dunedin Girls' and Boys' High Schools, and chairman of the Anderson's Bay school committee.
, Manse Street, Caversham, is a stone building with a spire, and was erected to replace the old wooden church which was burned down. The church, which has seating accommodation for 500 persons, has a gallery and an organ. The Sunday school was built in 1894, and at present there are 250 pupils on the roll.
, F.R.A.S., F.G.S., London, was ordained in 1872, came to New Zealand in 1877, and was appointed pastor to the Caversham Presbyterian Church in 1888. Mr. Dutton, who is chaplain to the Caversham Rifle Volunteers, went as Captain-Chaplain to the South Island Battalion of the Ninth South African Contingent. He returned in 1902, and is entitled to the decoration of the medal and clasp.
of the
, Minister in charge of the Kaikorai Presbyterian Church, was born in Caithness, Scotland, and accompanied his father and family to Christchurch in 1862 by the ship “Echunga.” He returned to Scotland in 1868, and studied at Edinburgh University and the New College. On being licensed by the Free Church Presbytery of Edinburgh, he returned to New Zealand and was settled in his present church three month after his arrival. Mr. Sutherland married a daughter of the late Hon. James Fulton, M.L.C., and has eight children.
is an offshoot from First Church and St. Andrew's Church, Dunedin. At first services were held in the Town Hall, now the Mornington Library, and were begun about 1880. It was soon found that more room was needed, and steps were taken to build the present church, the foundation stone of which was laid on the 20th of November, 1880, by the Hon. W. H. Reynolds, M.L.C. On the 27th of March, 1881, the church was duly opened. The cost of the building amounted to £1214, which has been completely paid off by the congregation. The manse, a handsome two-storey house of eleven rooms, was completed in 1884. The first minister was the Rev. Henry E. Michie, who was succeeded by the Rev. R. J. Porter, who subsequently accepted a charge at Oamaru. Mr. Porter was succeeded by the Rev. William Scorgie, the present pastor, in February, 1899.
was born in Kilmarnock, Ayrshire, Scotland, in 1854, and came to New Zealand while he was a young man. He studied at the University of Otago, and the Theological Hall of the Presbyterian Church. He was inducted into the Lumsden charge in 1885, and afterwards ministered with success at Tapanui for eight years, and in St. Peter's, Christchurch, for five years, before being called to Mornington in 1899. Mr. Scorgie married Miss Ewing, of Dunedin, daughter of Mr. William Ewing, of Craigmill, Stirling, Scotland.
is a substantial brick building, seated for 500 persons, and is being enlarged so as to seat 750. The church, which was opened in 1885, stands on a quarter acre section which cost £500, and the building cost £840. The manse, which is a two-storey brick building, stands on half an acre of ground, which cost £200. The manse itself cost £860. A Sunday school, with two halls, fourteen class rooms and a library, adjoins the church, and cost £850. The church has an average attendance of 350. Weekly services and a Sunday school are also held at the Upper Junction school.
, Minister in charge of North East Valley Presbyterian Church, was born in Perthshire, Scotland, and came to Otago with his parents in 1857 by the ship “Maori.” He was educated partly on Scotland and at West Taieri, was one of the first students to enter Otago University after its opening, and was the first student at the Presbyterian Theological College in Dunedin. He was licensed at the end of 1876; was ordained and inducted into the Waihola church in 1877, and had charge of it until 1881, when he resigned and went Home for two years. Shortly after his return he took charge of the North East Valley Presbyterian Church. Mr. Borrie has been for many years convener of the Church Extension and Home Mission Committee. He is married, and has four daughters and three sons.
, Hillside Road, is a brick and stone building, with seating accommodation for 400 persons. It was erected to replace the old wooden church, now used as a school-room.
, Minister in charge of the South Dunedin Presbyterian Church, was born at Akatore Bush, near Milton, reared at Tapanui, and educated at the Otago University and the Presbyterian Theological College. He was ordained in 1897, and ministered at St. Andrew's, South Canterbury, for four years, until appointed pastor of his present church in 1902.
stands in High Street, Roslyn, overlooking the city on one side, and Kaikorai Valley on the other. The site was purchased for £220. First Church started a Sunday school here many years ago, but owing to the increasing population, the district was constituted a new parish in 1903, when a church was erected.
was born in Scotland and came with his parents to New Zealand by the ship “Three Bells,” in 1858. Shortly after the family's arrival he was attracted by the gold rush, and like numbers of the first adventurers at Gabriel's Gully, he met with much success, and
is a branch of the Presbyterian Church, and its object is the conversion to Christianity of Chinese residents in New Zealand. The mission was begun in 1889 in a Mission Hall, in Lees Street, Dunedin, but for seven years previous to that regular mission work had been done at Round Hill, Riverton, and at Lawrence. In 1897 the present Chinese Church in Walker Street was built and opened for service at a cost of £430, and the manse adjoining was built at a further cost of £430. Two services are held every Sunday with an average attendance of forty Chinese, and of that number eleven are baptised Christians. The missionary also holds a Sunday school, a weekly Bible class, and a prayer meeting. Of the total population of 260 Chinese in Dunedin, 180 attend once or oftener during the year. All the Chinese in the province of Otago have been visited annually, and the Gospel preached to them since 1886; and the Chinese north of the Waitaki are now being reached in the same way.
, Chinese Missioner, was born in Victoria and came to New Zealand as a teacher to the Port Chalmers High School in 1879. When the Presbytorian Church of Otago and Southland called for a young man to go Canton to learn the Chinese language, and afterwards work among the Chinese in Otago and Southland, Mr. Don volunteered and was accepted for the work. In 1879 he went to Canton, and after sixteen months of study, returned to Dunedin in 1881. He underwent a short course of study in Dunedin, and then entered on the work of the mission at Riverton and Lawrence, he was transferred to Dunedin, and is now Chinese Missionary of the Presbyterian Church for the whole of New Zealand. Mr. Don is assisted by Mr. William Chan, a young Chinese convert, who studied for four years in the American Presbyterian College at Canton, where he obtained his diploma.
paid his first visit to the South Island of New Zealand four years previous to the arrival of the “John Wickliffe” in Otago. He came to Akaroa from Auckland by a little schooner of twenty tons, and left her with the intention of doing the balance of his journey on foot. In this way he visited the natives at Timaru, Moeraki, Waikouaiti and Otago Heads; sometimes travelling on foot and sometimes by means of a large whale boat belonging to the natives. He went as far as Ruapuke, where he found the Maoris had already received some religious instruction by a native missionary sent down from Otaki by Mr. Hadfield, afterwards Bishop of Wellington and Primate of New Zealand; but no European missionary had previously visited that place. The Bishop found 120 Europeans in Foveaux Strait, with half-caste families, and married the Europeans to the native wives and baptised seventy children. Bishop Selwyn again visited Otago in 1848, when he was well received by the new Scotch immigrants. About three years and a half later the Rev. J. A Fenton was sent by the Bishop to organise a Church of England in Otago and a meeting of members of the Church of England was held in the Courthouse in January, 1852. The meeting appointed a committee, with instructions to raise funds for the maintenance of a clergyman, and to petition the Governorin-Council for a site for a church, school, and parsonage. It should be mentioned that, before coming to the colony in 1851, Dr. Frederick Richardson had intersted himself in the establishment of an Anglican church in Otago, and had raised £270 for that purpose. At the meeting referred to a member was appointed to select a site for the church, and he recommended the Octagon, and an application made to the Governor was granted; but so much exception was taken to this by the majority of the colonists, that the grant was never confirmed. Subsequently, in 1855, the courthouse was bought and fitted up as a church. The site was that now (1904) occupied by the Hardware Company's block of buildings in Cumberland Street, and the church obtained in the way described was, after being enlarged, used until the present St. Paul's church was ready for occupation. Bishop Harper was appointed Bishop of Christchurch in 1856. His diocese included Otago, which he visited in 1857. Shortly afterwards churches were opened in Invercargill and several other districts, some parishes having subscribed £50 towards the passage money of their clergymen. During the years 1859 and 1860 the committee of St. Paul's resolved to build a more commodious church in a more suitable position; and the new church was duly consecrated by the Bishop of Christchurch in 1863. The corner stone of All Saints was laid by Bishop Harper on the 11th of February, 1865, though the first contract was only for the nave; and other churches were built in the country. As settlement advanced churchmen thought that Otago and Southland should be made into a separate diocese, and with that end in view Bishops Selwyn and Harper visited Dunedin after the closing of the General Synod in 1865. Bishop Selwyn suggested that he should be requested by the Rural Deanery Board to write to the Archbishop of Canterbury to recommend a clergyman fit to be appointed to the new see. It seems that the Bishop took it for granted that his suggestion would be accepted and wrote accordingly to the Archbishop of Canterbury, although no authority had been given by the General Synod or concurrence expressed by the Rural Deanery Board. However, the request was made, and the Archbishop nominnated the Rev. H. L. Jenner, and advised Bishop Selwyn in 1863 of the selection. The Primate immediately requested Bishop Harper to convene a meeting of the Rural Deanery Board. This was done, and the following resolution was carried: “That, as a sufficient provision has not been made for the support of a Bishop, it is not expedient to take any action at present with a view to confirm the conditional appointment of the Rev. H. L. Jenner, more especially as the appointment has been made without the authority or concurrence of the Board.” This resolution was forwarded to Dr. Jenner, who afterwards stated that, had he been allowed to receive it, he would never have presented himself for consecration. In 1866 Bishop Selwyn paid a visit to Otago and received over £1500 for a Bishopric endowment. During this visit he wrote another letter to the Archbishop of Canterbury, urging him to proceed with the consecration. The result of this was that Dr. Jenner was conse crated by a Royal Mandate a Bishop of New Zealand. Bishop Harper then wrote informing him that no formal resignation of that part of his diocese which lay in the provinces of Otago and Southland had been sent in by him. Meanwhile efforts to increase the Bishopric endowment fund went on, and in February, 1867, it amounted to £4,336 7s. About the same time the Rural Deanery Board recognised the duty of making preparation for the reception of Bishop Jenner; but, in the end the whole matter was referred to the General Synod, which met in 1868. After a long and heated debate it was resolved: “That, whereas the General Synod is of opinion that it is better for the peace of the Church that Bishop Jenner should not take charge of the Bishopric of Dunedin, this Synod requests him to withdraw his claim from that position.” At the same session a bill was passed enacting that from the 1st of January, 1869, the provinces of Otago
, D.D., Bishop of Dunedin, and Primate of New Zealand, is a son of the late Jonathan Nevill, Esquire, of Nottingham. He was born in 1837 in Nottingham and was educated there at the University College. Thence he proceeded to Magdalene College, Cambridge, where he gained second class honours in the Natural Science Tripos, and graduated B.A. in 1862, and M.A. in 1865. Dr. Nevill was ordained in 1863, by the Bishop of Chester, and had sole charge of Scarisbrook, Lancashire, until the following year, when he was appointed to the parish of Shelton, Staffordshire, where he remained until 1871. In that year he came out to New Zealand, and soon after his arrival was appointed Bishop of Dunedin. In 1872 the Cambridge University conferred on him the degree of Doctor in Divinity. Bishop Nevill, who is now the senior prelate in the Australian colonies, has done much good work in his diocese, and it was mainly due to his efforts that the Selwyn Theological College was built and opened in 1885. St. Hilda's College, for the higher education of girls, also owes its origin to him, as well as the Deaconess Institute, and the establishment of the cathedral. During the thirty-four years that he has been Bishop of Dunedin, he has attended every Lambeth Conference except one. He is a well known writer of pamphlet and sermons on theology, and has always been interested in scientific subjects. Bishop Nevill, who married a daughter of the late James Parker Penny, of Heavitree, Exeter, England, became Primate of New Zealand at the meeting of the General Synod, held in Auckland on the 1st of February, 1904. His predecessor in that office had been Bishop Cowie, of Auckland.
, the oldest English church in Dunedin, occupies one of the finest sites in the city but the building itself is small and presents no very striking features. The church, which was erected about the year 1854, originally consisted of have and aisle, with a tower and a small spire; but the latter had to be removed some years ago as it was insecure, and another aisle has been added. Inside, the church is commodious and well arranged, although far too small for its purpose; and it is beautified with some handsome stone pillars and several richly-hued memorial windows. There is accommodation for 550 worshippers. The first vicar of St. Paul's was the late Archdeacon Fenton, who arrived in Dunedin in 1852. He was succeeded, in 1859, by the Venerable E. G. Edwards, who resigned in 1894. The bishop of the diocese then took charge of the church, with its large liabilities, and it was constituted a Cathedral by Synodical action. The affairs of the Cathedral are managed by a chapter consisting of the Bishop, the Dean (Very Rev. A. R. Fitchett, D. D.) and several canons, lay and clerical. The Venerable Christopher Gerard Robinson, M.A., Archdeacon of Dunedin, was appointed Bishop's Vicar in the Cathedral in 1896, and has the cure of souls in the district attached to it. The services are well attended, and the music is very efficiently rendered by a well-trained choir under the organist, Mr. W. E. Taylor, F.R.C.O. During the last six years the congregation worshipping in St. Paul's have provided for the liquidation of debentures representing about £3000, besides paying a pension of £250 per annum to the late incumbent. It is expected, as a result of special subscriptions extending over three years, that the old liabilities will be entirely discharged during the current year (1904). A large Sunday school is attached to the Cathedral, and the guilds and other societies are in good working order.
, M.A., Archdeacon of Dunedin, was born in Rotley, Leicestershire, England, in 1844, and educated at a private school at Douglas, Isle of Man. He matriculated at Trinity College, Dublin, in 1859, and obtained honours in classics during his undergraduate course. He graduated B.A. in 1864: obtained the Divinity Testimonium in 1865; took his degree as M.A. in 1868; was ordained
, F.R.C.O., Organist at St. Paul's Cathedral, is referred to in the Musical Section of this volume.
, Cumberland Street, Dunedin, is one of the leading Anglican churches in the city, and though the exterior is plain, the interior is elaborately decorated. The chancel has a handsome memorial window, and on the floor there is a unique hand-made carpet, the gift and work of the ladies of the congregation. There is a brass eagle lectern, presented by the late Mr. Elliot in 1895, and a brass tablet erected to the memory of his wife and three sons, who died in Auckland. The church possesses an organ, and a good choir of eighteen boys, fourteen men, and twenty lady sopranos and altos. There is seating accommodation for about 500 persons, and the Dean's preaching is so popular that the church is generally filled. The Deanery adjoins the church, and there is also a large schoolroom.
, M.A., D.D., Vicar of All Saint's and Dean of St. Paul's, Dunedin, was in the Wesleyan ministry for some years before joining the Anglican church. He is a very popular preacher, and does much good among the poor and sick in an unostentations manner.
. The foundation stone of this church was laid, with Masonic honours, on the 11th of July, 1873. It was opened on the 3rd of December, 1874, and cost £4,854 4s 3d. The style of architecture is adapted Gothic—cruciform, with apsidal chancel. The chancel five lancets have been filled with stained glass to the memory of Sergeant Sam. Gourley, the first of the Otago volunteers to die for the Empire in the South African war. This window—subject. The Ascension—was erected by Sergeant Gourley's father (Hon. H. Gourley), relatives, co-parishioners, and friends. There are other memorial windows. The walls without are of dark bluestone, with white facings; the walls within are of white plaster, and the fine roof is painted in a dark shade. St. Matthew's is one of the finest, if not the finest, of the Anglican parish churches in New Zealand, and by far the largest and noblest ecclesaiastical structure in the Dunedin diocese. It is comfortably seated for 750 persons, and has seated 1000 and upwards. The parish declined the overtures made by the diocese for its church becoming the Cathedral. From a parochial point of view this was probably wise; from a diocesan point of view, unfortunate, since the diocese lost the only building worthy of being its Cathedral. The organ is a three-manual one, by Bevingtons, of London. It was erected in 1830, at a cost of £1,400. By renovations and improvements, and the addition of a new trumpet stop, in memory of the late Archdeason Fenton, M.A., the total cost has been £1,700. St. Matthew's has had many vicissitudes. Owing to its heavy indebtedness one vicar after another found it necessary to resign. In 1898 the present vicar (Rev. W. Curzon-Siggers, M.A.) formulated a scheme for paying off the debt of £2,700 on the church. Mr. Curzon-Siggers supervised the scheme with the help of Mr. Maris Clark, churchwarden, and in three years the whole sum was raised by straight giving and the debt paid. In commemoration thereof the last Sunday in July is observed as Dedication Sunday as on that day, in 1901, the vicar dedicated the church as being free. The parish now gives what it used to pay annually in interest, towards the stipends of a missionary in the New Hebrides and of a missionary to the Maoris. During the first five years of the vicar's incumbency, £8,224 was raised for various church purposes, and the congregation is in no sense a wealthy one.
, M.A., Vicar of St. Matthew's, Dunedin, was educated at St. Boniface College, Warminister. St. Augustine's College, Canterbury (being Senior Student), and University College, Durham, where he graduated B.A. in 1885, and M.A. in 1889. During his college courses he took the prizes of his colleges in Hebrew, Greek Testament, Classics, Mathematics, Natural Philosophy and Essays. He was ordained to the position of Bishop's vicar of St. Alban's Cathedral, Pretoria, after obtaining the first place in the first class in the Universities Examination for Holy Orders in 1882 in England, being the youngest examinee of that year. He was Mathematical and Classical Master of St. Birinus Cathedral School, 1882, 1884. Mr. Curzon-Siggers has received various calls to work from different Bishops and parishes, which has made him somewhat of a traveller, and so a frequent lecturer on various colonies. At Ballarat, in Victoria, he became honorary secretary of the Ballarat East Public Library, whose thousands of books he catalogued on a plan which noted the title, author, edition, size, etc., of every volume; and for this, and other services, his name is inscribed on a marble tablet of honour in the Library Hall. At a time of great distress he managed a relief movement in Ballarat for about four months, for which he received the thanks of the citizens inscribed on vellum and signed by the two mayors (of the city and the town). In conjunction with a friend, he raised £700 in shillings for the Benevolent Asylum, and was elected a life Governor. In 1895 he came to New Zealand, and became Vicar of St. Matthew's, Dunedin, in 1896. In 1898 he formulated and carried through a scheme for freeing that parish from its heavy debt—a scheme that has been copied by other churches in different colonies. He was one of the original founders of the Dunedin Competitions Society, and of the Society for the Protection of Women and Children—of both of which he still remains a committeeman. In 1898 he founded the “New Zealand Guardian,” of which he has always been the editor. He is the author of “Travels in Africa,” “The Immortality of the Soul,” “Religion of Science and the Bible,” “The Teacher's Church Catechism,” “The Catholic Faith,” “Lessons on the New and the Old Testament,” “The Scholar's Church Catechism,” and various monographs.
, Organist and Choirmaster of St. Matthew's Church, Stafford Street, Dunedin, was born in Gloucester, England, in 1868, and came to New Zealand with his parents at the age of ten. He was educated primarily in Dunedin, and received his musical training under Mr. A. J. Barth and Mr. W. E. Taylor, and for harmony under Signor Squarise. Mr. Lilly's first appointment as organist was at St. Mary's Anglican Church, Mornington, where he remained eighteen months. He was after-wards for a year organist of St. John's, Roslyn, and for three years organist and choirmaster at St. Peter's Church, Caversham. He was appointed organist of St. Matthew's in 1891, and choirmaster in 1898. The organ at St. Matthew's is a very fine three-manual instrument with twenty-five stops, built by Bevington, London. Its cost, when erected,
, Caversham, Dunedin. This church is at present January 1904 in a state of incompleteness as a building. It possesses a fine organ.
, Vicar of St. Peter's Church, Caversham, is the eldest son of the late Rev. Bryan King, rector of St. George in the East, London Mr. King was educated at St. Paul's School, London, and afterwards became a partner in the firm of Messrs George S. King and Co., merchants, Bombay and Liverpool, but retired from business in 1874 to enter the ministry. He studied theology under his father, and proceeded to West Australia, where, in 1878, he was ordained deacon in Perth Cathedral, by the Bishop of Perth, and priest in the following year. After acting as curate for a year he was appointed rector of the parish of Greenough in 1879, and four years later accepted the charge of Green Ponds, Tasmania. Mr. King came to New Zealand in 1885, and was curate in charge of St. Martin's, North-East Valley, and Theological Tutor of the diocese, before becoming vicar of St. Peter's in 1892. He was appointed Canon in 1897, and is also chief surrogate of the diocese. Canon King possesses a full set of eucharistic vestments, which were worn by his father, the late Rev. Bryan King, in 1856; and he has, also from his father, a chalice encrusted with magnificent jewels, which owing to its value, is kept in the bank, except when required for special occasions. Canon King is Anglican chaplain to the Benevolent Institution. He married a daughter of the late Charles Newport, County Waterford, Ireland.
, High Street, Roslyn, is a plain wooden building with seating accommodation for about 350 persons. A large Sunday school, also of wood, adjoins the church. There is a surpliced choir and a good pipe organ. The church was opened in 1880, with the Rev. R. A. Kerkham as its first minister. He was succeeded by Canon Diggens, who retired in 1895, and was soon replaced by Canon Mayne. As the parish is large and scattered, services are held at St. Albans, Kaikorai Valley, and Halfway Bush. Assistance is given by a deaconess and three lay readers.
, M.A., Durham University, Vicar of St. John's Anglican Church, Roslyn, and Canon of St. Paul's Cathedral, was ordained in 1892 by the Bishop of Bath and Wells, and was first appointed curate to St. Cuthbert's parish church, St. Wells. During that period he was senior classical master of the cathedral school. Eighteen months later he became senior curate to All Saint's, Wellington, Somerset. In 1894 he came to Christchurch, New Zealand, and for eighteen months was Assistant House Master and Sub-Chaplain at Christ's College. He was appointed vicar to his present church at Dunedin in 1896, and canon of the cathedral in 1900. Canon Mayne has been Theological Examiner for the Board of Theological Studies, and has worked hard in the interests of his church. Through his exertions and those of some of his parishioners, a debt of £800 on St. John's church has been practically cleared off. Canon Mayne married a daughter of the late Mr. R. J. S. Harman, one of Canterbury's earliest colonists.
, Mornington, is a wooden building which did duty as the Caversham church for many years, before being removed to its present site. There is seating accommodation for 230 people, and the church possesses an organ and a surpliced choir. Adjoining the church is a Sunday school attended by a number of children. Mornington belonged to the Dunedin parochial district until 1900, when it was formed into a separate parish.
, M. A., Vicar of St. Mary's Church, Mornington, was born in Portsmouth in 1860, and educated at Fettes College, Edinburgh, and at Hertford College, Oxford. He graduated B. A. in 1884, and M. A. Oxon, in 1894. He was ordained by Bishop Harper in 1889, and priest by Bishop Julius in 1892. Mr. Bowden was assistant curate at St. Michael's, Christchurch, from 1839 till 1892, and was appointed to his present charge in 1893.
, Anderson's Bay. The first Anglican church in this district was on Shiel Hill, where services were held from 1870 until 1894, when the present church, which was originally the State school, was purchased from the Government and converted into a place of worship. The building is of stone, with accommodation for about 100 persons, and there is an average attendance of fifty. There is a Sunday school with an average attendance of twenty-two. The parish is very large as it comprises the Peninsula-cum-Green Island, and extends about twenty-two miles from Green Island to the Heads. St. Mark's church, Green Island, is a fine brick building with a square tower, and has seating accommodation for about 120 persons. A fine large brick hall has been recently erected for a Sunday school, and is used occasionally for concerts and other social purposes. This hall is capable of seating 200 persons. The service at St. Michael's is fully choral, and there is a surpliced choir of twenty-five, with an American organ. Services are held every Sunday at St. Michael's, Anderson's Bay, at St. Mark's, Green Island, and at the mission station, Otakou Heads. The vicar is assisted by several lay readers, who act in his absence.
is the youngest son of Mr. John Ward, sheep farmer of Thorn Hill, Groper's Bush, Southland. He was educated privately in Auckland, and afterwards went through a course in the University of New Zealand. At first he chose the profession of law, and having passed the necessary examination, he was admitted a solicitor of the Supreme Court of New Zealand, by Mr. Justice Denniston, at Timaru, in 1889, when he began the practice of his profession. He settled at Riverton in 1890, and took an active interest in local affairs. Mr. Ward became a member of the Borough Council, and was mayor of the town for six or seven years. He was also chairman of the Wallace Hospital Trust, and of the Riverton Harbour Board. In 1893 he was initiated into Freemasonry as a member of Lodge Aparima, No. 77, New Zealand Constitution. He afterwards studied for the ministry of the Church of England
. Members, Messrs. J. M. Ritchie (chairman), D. Haggitt, J. Allen, G. Fenwick, G. Joachim, R. M. Clark, and W. Burnett; secretary, Mr. C. H. Statham. Office, Zealandia Chambers, Dowling Street, Dunedin. This body, which was established in 1885, and is incorporated under the “Religious Charitable Educational Act, 1884,” is an Anglican Trust Board, in which is vested the greater portion of the properties held by the church in the diocese of Dunedin.
was projected in 1842 and carried into effect in 1848, but the district was visited some years previously by Bishop Pompallier, the first Roman Catholic Bishop of Auckland. Before the close of 1840 he sailed in a schooner named the “Sancta Maria” from Auckland, and coasted along the Southern Island. During the ten days spent by the Bishop about Otago Bay his instructions were cordially received by the natives, who asked him to allow the two priests who accompanied him to remain behind to instruct them in the truths of Christianity. On the Sunday during his stay in the Bay, the Bishop celebrated mass in a large shed, placed at his disposal by its owner, an English Protestant merchant. The natives assisted at the ceremony, as well as the white population consisting of English, American, and French whalers. The district was again visited in connection with the Catholic mission in 1859, when Father Petitjean, an aged priest, travelled around visiting the ninety odd Roman Catholics then living in the settlement, including a dozen in the city of Dunedin. At first Father Petitjean celebrated mass in an old bottle-store belonging to Mr. Burke, then a brewer in Dunedin. About sixteen persons attended the service, and the confessional was a small loft, reached by a ladder. On the next occasion of a visit by a priest permission was given by the Government to hold service in the courthouse. This state of things continued until the arrival of Father Moreau from the North Island. The inrush of people, consequent on the discovery of gold in Otago, led to such an increase in the population that Father Moreau was formally appointed to continue his labours in the South Island. His duties extended over the whole province of Otago. Travelling in those days was a work of difficulty, tempered with danger. The country had few roads, and as the rivers were unbridged travelling was no child's play. Still whenever in the back country Father Moreau's services were required, the good priest faced all in order to render them. On one occasion, while returning from a mission of charity, along the wild waste of country between Lawrence and Dunedin, a gang of bushrangers tied him to a tree for the purpose of robbery, but on discovering his priestly calling they released him. During his residence in Otago Father Moreau built a wooden presbytery and a small brick church. By a Papal brief dated the 29th of November, 1889, the united provinces of Otago and Southland, together with Stewart's Island and the adjacent islands, were separated from the see of Wellington, and erected into the Bishopric of Dunedin, with the city of Dunedin as the seat of the diocese. By another brief dated in December of the same year, the Right Rev. Dr. Moran was transferred to the new see as its first Bishop. The Catholic population in Dunedin in 1869 numbered about 6000 souls, and had increased to 18,140 in 1886. On the 19th of February, 1871, Bishop Moran accompanied by the Rev. William Coleman, and ten nuns of the Dominican Order from the Sion Hill Convent of Blackrock, landed at Dunedin. At first the Bishop was filled with discouragement. The few small, fragile wooden churches throughout the diocese had fallen into decay, or were otherwise unfit for the celebration of the mass; and the small brick church in Dunedin could not contain a sixth part of the congregation. However, undeterred by difficulties, the Bishop lost no time in visiting the various districts of his large diocese and appealed to all Catholics to raise such a capital fund as would enable him to establish a Nun's School in Dunedin, to pay travelling expenses from Europe of a sufficient number of missionaries, and to provide schools and proper residences for the clergy throughout the country, and decent and suitable requisites for the due celebration of the mass. The appeal was warmly and loyally responded to, and the people cordially expressed their willingness to provide the necessary funds. Since then the history of the Catholic Church in the diocese has been one of continued prosperity. The churches, schools and convents and other buildings, many of them magnificent stone structures, have cost over £120,000. There are fifty-four churches, thirty priests, seven religious brothers, 133 nuns, five boarding schools for girls, six high class day schools, where all the higher branches of education are taught, twenty primary schools, and one charitable institution; and there are 2500 children attending the schools. The Cathedral of St.
Joseph, Dunedin, is unquestionably one of the handsomest religious structures in New Zealand. Even in its present incomplete state, it presents an imposing appearance, and the completed building will be an architectural ornament to the city; one that would do credit to the Old World. It is, indeed, a monument to the faith and generosity of the Catholics of Otago. St. Joseph's was solemnly dedicated and opened for divine worship on the 14th of February, 1886. His Eminence the Cardinal Archbishop of Sydney, the Bishops of Maitland, Adelaide, Wellington and Auckland, took part in the religious services with the Bishop of Dunedin. Up to the present (January 1904) the building has cost £20,000, and an additional sum of £15,000 is necessary to complete it according to the original plan. A handsome place built of bluestone with white facings in Oamaru stone adjoins the Cathedral. Other outlays on buildings in the diocese include: St. Joseph's Hall, £2,500, additions to St. Dominic's Priory, £3,000; South Dunedin Orphanage, Presbytery, Basilica, at Oamaru and new convent £7,000; and a Provinicial Ecclesiastical Seminary at Mosgiel. Bishop Moran, after labouring for many years in the service of the Master, went to his rest, and was succeeded by the Right Rev. Dr. Verdon, who was consecrated in 1896.
, D.D., Bishop of Dunedin, was born in Liverpool, England in 1838, of Irish parents. His father came from County Louth, Ireland, and his mother was sister of Cardinal Cullen. Archbishop of Dublin. He received his early education in St. Vincent's College, Castle-knock, Dublin, conducted by the Vincentian Fathers. In 1855 he proceeded to Rome, where he continued his studies in the Irish College. He was ordained priest in 1861, and appointed a professor in the Holy Cross College, Clonliffe, Dublin, of which nine years later, he became President, in succession to the Very Rev. Canon Power, who had been appointed Bishop of St. John's, Newfoundland. In 1879 he was appointed a canon of the Cathedral Chapter, Dublin, by Cardinal McCabe, Archbishop of Dublin. Owing to the failing health of the Right Rev. Monsignor Kirby, the aged rector of the Irish College at Rome. Dr. Verdon was invited to assist in the government of the College, and remained there until he went to Sydney, in 1888, to take charge of the newly-erected St. Patrick's College at Manley. At the Provincial Council, held in Sydney, in 1895, he was elected by the Bishops of Australia to represent them, and act as their agent in Rome; and, in February, 1896 he had reached Melbourne on his way thither, when he received news of his appointment to the see of Dunedin. He was consecrated Bishop of Dunedin in St. Joseph's Cathedral, Dunedin, on Sunday, the 3rd of May, 1896, by his Eminence Cardinal Moran, assisted by the Archbishops of Wellington and Melbourne, and the Bishops of Maitland and Christchurch.
. Administrator of St. Joseph's Cathedral, Dunedin, was born in County Galway, Ireland, and educated at St. Jarlath's College, Tuam, and at the Irish College, Paris. He was ordained in 1889, at Maynooth, by the Most Rev. Dr. Walsh, Archbishop of Dublin, and in the same year came to New Zealand to assist the Rev. Father Walsh at Invercargill. Father Murphy was transferred to the Dunedin Cathedral in 1891 as assistant to Father Lynch, and in 1897 received his present appointment of Administrator to St. Joseph's Cathedral.
, Organist at St. Joseph's Cathedral, is elsewhere referred to among the teachers of music.
, South Dunedin, is a handsome building in brick and concrete, and was erected at a cost of over £6,000. A further sum of about £2000 is needed to complete the building according to the original plan. St. Patrick's was opened in 1893 by Bishop Grimes, of Christchurch, during the illness of the late Bishop Moran. The interior of the church is beautifully decorated. Adjoining the church, and standing on three acres of ground, are the presbytery, school, convent, and a St. Vincent de Paul orphanage, the whole having cost £20,000. At the school there is an attendance of over 300 children, and the Sisters of Mercy teach the higher branches of education at the Convent of Our Lady of Mercy. There are about seventy girls at the Orphanage, and boys are transferred to the institution at Stoke, near Nelson.
into Otago dates back to 1840. The Rev. James Watkin had been appointed to Otaki in January, but hearing that the Rev. Octavius Hadfield (afterwards Bishop Hadfield) had occupied that place, he did not leave Sydney. The late Mr. John Jones then suggested that Mr. Watkin should be sent to Waikouaiti and offered a free passage, which was accepted. Accordingly Mr. Watkin arrived in New Zealand on the 16th of May, 1840, and began a mission to the Maoris of the southern parts of the colony. He laboured successfully in this pioneer work for four years, during which he baptised 317 persons scattered from Port Levy to Ruapuke. He then removed to Wellington. The Rev. Charles Creed, who followed in 1844, did good work among the natives for nine years. He welcomed the first settlers on their arrival in the “John Wickliffe” and “Phillip Laing, and witnessed the birth and rise of the settlement. The Rev. W. Kirk and Rev. G. Stannard, who followed Mr. Creed, worked diligently among the Maoris, and also preached to the Europeans. In 1859 Mr. Stannaru was removed from Otago, and as the organisation was straitened for funds, Methodism languished for a time. However, the discovery of gold brought a considerable accession to the ranks of the Methodists, and public services were held in the Oddfellows' Hall, and afterwards over a baker's shop in Pelichet Bay. A site having been presented in Dowling Street, a church was erected, and opened in July, 1862, with the Rev. Isaac Harding as its minister. He laid the broad foundation of Methodism in the settlement, and embraced in his circuit the whole of Otago. During more recent years there has been a rapid advancement of the cause. The district of Otago now comprises fourteen circuits and five Home Mission stations, with thirty-three churches, and fifty-seven other preaching stations. These are served by fifteen ministers and five home missionaries, aided by fifty-five local preachers. There are also thirty-one Sunday schools, with 265 teachers, and 2,098 scholars. The total number of adherents is 9,995.
, Dunedin, has for over thirty years been the headquarters of Methodism in Otago. The church stands at the corner of Stuart Street and Moray Place, and is an attractive and solid-looking building. It is built of blue stone, with white Oamaru stone facings, supported by strong buttresses, and adorned with ornamental windows and minarets. The basement below the church is used as the Sunday school, and for various classes. The church was opened for divine worship on the 10th of July, 1870, when the Rev. A. R. Fitchett, now Dean Fitchett, were the officiating ministers. The building and site represent a total cost of about £5,000. The church manse is situated in York Place. The Rev. A. R. Fitchett, the late Rev. J. Berry, Rev. W. Morley, Rev. J. J. Lewis are some of the ministers who have held the pastorate of Trinity Church.
, F.R.A.S., the Circuit Superintendent, was born in South Australia, and came over to the West Coast of New Zealand at the time of the gold rush. There he became a local preacher, and being recommended for the ministry, was trained under the Rev. A. R. Fitchett, and was subsequently under the care of Principal Fletcher, at the Newington College in Sydney. More than half of his thirty years' ministry has been given to the Canterbury district. Mr. Fairclough is a man of original mind, and is a capable preacher, and effective writer,
, G.S.M., and A.T.C., who fills the position of organist at Trinity Wesleyan church, is also a teacher of music.
is the headquarters of the circuit of that district. In 1876 a site was purchased on Richmond Hill, where a church was erected. The building, though unpretentious, was neat and comfortable, and was opened on the 10th of September, 1876, by the Rev. Dr. Stuart, Rev. A. R. Fitchett, and Mr. Lees. It was erected at a cost of £410, and a year later £262 was spent on its enlargement. In 1895 transepts were added to the church, at a cost of £175, and seats provided for a hundred additional worshippers. Since that time a neighbouring site has been secured, and the erection of a brick church is now (January, 1904), in contemplation, nearly two-thirds of the cost being in hand.
. Superintendent of the Mornington Circuit, arrived in New Zealand in 1878, and was at once sent to the Paparoa circuit. He afterwards studied at Three Kings' College, Auckland, and subsequently ministered successively at Leeston, Bay of Islands, North Wairoa, Hokitika, Greymouth, Ashburton, and Cargill Road, Dunedin. Mr. Brooke is a man marked individuality, and is much interested in social questions. He is a thoughful reader, an evangelical preacher, and is editor of the Methodist section of “The Outlook.”
was founded late in the eighties by the Rev. William Ready, now of Auckland, who conducted it till 1899, when the Rev. W. A. Sinclair assumed control. The property of the mission comprises a hall in Stafford Street, where week-night services are conducted and other meeting held. The parsonage is in Fern Hill Street, and, adjoining it, is the Sisters' Home, where a considerable amount of noble work is done on behalf of unfortunate girls. Sunday services are held in the Garrison Hall, in Dowling Street, which is rented for the purpose, and is attended every Sunday evening by a large number of people, averaging about 1,800—the largest congregation in the colony. On Sunday afternoons lectures are delivered by members of the Mission, generally upon social problems; and these too, are well attended.
, who is in charge of the Methodist Central Mission, is referred to in another article as a member of the Dunedin Licensing Committee.
, South Dunedin. This church is the centre of the most extensive circuit in Dunedin, as it stretches from far up the Taieri Plain, to the Otago Heads. Caversham and South Dunedin were united in 1882, when the property on which the Sunday school now stands was acquired, and the Opoho church removed to it. During later years the necessity for a more commodious building was felt, and a corner section immediately opposite was purchased. The plans of the present brick church were adopted; the memorial stone was laid on the 8th of July, 1893, and the church was opened in 1894. The building, which is capable of seating 600 persons, was erected at a cost of about £1,100. In 1894 Cargill road was tentatively separated from Trinity church, from which it received a subsidy for three years, and the division was completed in 1897. In 1902 an important branch of the church was started in the rising suburb of Musselburgh, a mile and a half distant, and in 1903 a commodious brick parsonage was erected. The circuit is one of the most progressive in the colony. In addition to the superintendent minister, two Home Missionaries are employed.
, Superintendent in charge of the Cargill Road Circuit, is a son of the Rev. R. Ward, the first Primitive Methodist minister in New Zealand, and the first to cross the Equator for the Southern Hemisphere. Having entered the Primitive Methodist ministry, the Rev. J. Ward did good service for the church in founding the Timaru and Dunedin eircuits, assisting in founding the Christchurch circuit, and initiating the services which led to the formation of the Greendale, Geraldine, and Waimate circuits. In 1885 he joined the Wesleyan connection, and has since laboured in the Greytown, Gisborne, Devonport, Wellington, Oamaru, and Cargill Road circuits.
is in the Mornington circuit. Services were at first held in the Kaikorai school, and then in the Institute, in High Street; but after a time a site was purchased in the Linden township for £30, and a church was erected at a cost of £330. The present brick church, which had been erected as a hall, being offered for sale, was purchased, and the old church, which was removed to adjoin it, has been used for school purposes. A good deal of work in refitting the church was done gratuitously, and various internal improvements were after wards made under the direction of the Rev. R. Wilson, the first resident minister. The Rev. A. Scotter, who succeeded Mr. Wilson in 1903, began life as a school teacher, then became a Home Missionary, and subsequently went to college in Auckland.
In June, 1863, a meeting held in the Excelsior Hall, George Street, Dunedin, and attended by twelve persons, considered the question of forming a Baptist church in the city. At another meeting held about three weeks later it was decided to begin regular services. The Superintendent of the province gave permission to hold service in the Courthouse, until the erection of a church, and the first services were held on the 26th of July, 1863. Dr. Burns, who always displayed a fraternal interest in the other Christian bodies, generously offered the use of First Church for evening services, and for several months services were held alternately there and in the Courthouse. The Rev. A. Poole, of Victoria, was the first minister. He arrived in August, 1863, and formally constituted the church in September with twenty members. Mr. Poole was succeeded by the Rev. J. Langdon Parsons who had been trained for the ministry at Regent's Park College, and had come to Australia. He arrived in October, 1863, and conducted at the Water of Leith the first baptism by immersion. A site was purchased for a church in Hanover Street, and the contract let at £2,200. The foundation stone was laid by the Superintendent in April, 1864, and the building was completed three months afterwards. Owing to the ill-health of his wife Mr. Parsons tendered his resignation in 1867, and was succeeded by the Rev. John Williams, who served the church faithfully until his death by a coach accident on the 22nd of December, 1872. Several ministers subsequently occupied the pulpit, amongst them the Rev. Thomas Spurgeon, son and successor of the founder of the Tabernacle London. The church continued to prosper and out stations were established as opportunities offered. Very early in the church; history, services were begun on Maori Hill where a small building was erected. In 1867 authority was given for the erection of a church at Cayersham, which was formed into a separate charge in 1873, and became the mother of several churches. Services and a Sunday school were established in North East Valley, where there is now a fine church. In 1880 the late Mr. Steawart, of Kaikorai began a Sunday school, and the church took up the work and erected a church there in 1896. The New Zealand Baptistry Society was founded in the Hanover Street schoolroom in October, 1885. About 1878 the church authorised the erection of a schoolroom in Hanover Street at a cost of £1,250. To this large additions are now (January 1904) contemplated, and when they are completed the schoolroom will be one of the most commodious in Dunedin. The Baptist Church in Otago has maintained the friendliest relationship with the other religious bodies, and has ever been ready to work with them for the benefit of humanity. A free reading room, opened by the church in 1892, has been a benefit to the city.
was built in 1864, when the foundation stone was laid by Mr. John Hyde Harris, the Superintendent of the province of Otago. The erection of a worthier and more modern building, to cost about £5,000, is to take place in the near future. A fine Sunday school built of stone, containing a large lecture hall and five classrooms, adjoms the present church. The Literary Debating Society, with over seventy members, meets there, and gives readings and lectures several evenings in the week. The Sunday school has 490 pupils, and fifty-four teachers, under the superintendence of Mr. A. S. Adams. The congregation also has a Young Men's and Young Women's Bible class, numbering about fifty, and a senior and junior Christian Band with about 100 members. There is also a Chinese class, where twenty-five scholars are taught English through the New Testament. The Baptist churches and missions in Dunedin and suburbs are at Hanover Street, North East Valley, Kaikorai, Caversham, South Dunedin, Mornington, Maori Hill, Albany Street, and Opoho; the last three being
, Minister in charge of the Hanover Street Baptist Church, was born in Leeds, of Scottish parents. He was educated for the ministry at the Metropolitan College, London, and was ordained in 1898. His first charge was at Grantownon-Spey, Morayshire, Scotland, where he remained about five years, and during his ministry there a fine new church was erected. He was then appointed minister in charge of the Hanover Street Church, and arrived in Dunedin in March, 1903.
, Organist at the Hanover Street Baptist church, has filled that position almost ever since he arrived in the colony, in 1878. He is a teacher of music by profession.
a meeting was held to consider the steps to be taken for building a Baptist Church in Caversham. Two years later the stone building now used as a schoolroom in the Main South road was erected at a cost of £500, and was afterwards enlarged at a cost of £500. This church was used for many years as the church of the Caversham Baptists. Owing to a divison amongst the members of the church the wooden building in John Street was erected at a cost of nearly £900, and services were held in both churches until 1895, when an amalgamation between the two congregations took place. Since then the older church has been used as a schoolroom. The church in John street is capable of accommodating about 300 people, and has an average congregation of 200. Over 200 children attend the Sunday school; the church and school each possess an American organ, and steps are being taken to collect funds for a pipe organ. The first minister was the Rev. Decimus Dolamore, who was succeeded by the Rev. A. V. G. Chandler.
is a wooden building seating about 300 people, and was erected in 1889. The church originated in a Sunday school mission when meetings were held in the house of the late Mr. Stewart, and services were subsequently held in the Kaikorai Public Hall, until the erection of the present church. A Sunday school was afterwards built, and in 1903 it had an attendance of 100 children. The church was at one time affiliated with the Hanover Street church, but the connection was severed in 1896. The church possesses a fine pipe organ, which cost £100. Services were conducted by laymen before the appointment in 1897 of the Rev. E. H. Howard, who resigned four years later, and was succeeded by the Rev. Matthew James Bowden Bennett, B.A.
, B.A., Pastor of the Kaikorai Baptist Church, was born in Lancashire, England and educated at Chorley Grammar School, and at the Owens College, Manchester, of which college he became Gilchrist Scholar, and Greek and Angle-Saxon prizeman, and is now an Associate. He was also first Matriculation Exhibitioner of London University, where he took his B.A. degree with English and Classical honours in 1881. Mr. Bennett was ordained deacon by the late Bishop Fraser of Manchester in 1883, and priest in 1884. After holding curacies in Manchester and London he joined the Baptist denomination, and left England for the colonies. On arriving in Dunedin in 1893, he became pastor of the Caversham church, where he remained until 1895, when he went Home. He laboured for a few years in Lancashire and Durham, and again sought the colonies. In 1901 he returned to Dunedin, and was called during the same year to the pastorate of the Kaikorai church.
. The first portion of this church was erected in 1890, and since that date it has been enlarged twice. It is a fine brick building with Oamaru stone facings, and is capable of seating 250 people. It was originally a branch of the Hanover Street church, but has been independent since 1901. The site was the gift of Mr. G. Calder, and the bricks for the building were given by Mr Longworth. There are the usual Young Men's Class, Christian Endeavour classes, and Sunday School classes in connection with the church.
was held on the 14th of October, 1862, in Clarke's Temperance Hotel, Dunedin, when it was proposed by Mr. Fry—“That it is desirable to form an organisation for commencing the worship of the sanctuary according to the usages and forms of the Congregational body.” The first services were held on the 2nd of November, 1862, in the Oddfellows' Hall, George Street. Mr. J. W. Jago preached in the morning, and Mr. J. H. Barr conducted a service in the evening. During the early part of 1863 the Rev. J. L. Poore, an Australian clergyman, visited Dunedin, and, at the request of the Congregational body, held services and organised a church. The church commenced with thirty-six members. It was decided to have a pastor, and the Rev. Richard Connebee, of Kew, Melbourne, was invited in May, 1863, to take charge of the church at a salary of £400 per annum. On the 5th of August, 1863, the section at the corner of View Street and Moray Place was bought, and a canvass for funds for the erection of a church which would be an ornament to the city was taken in hand. The foundation of the church was laid by the Superintendent, Mr. John Hyde Harris, in March, 1864, and £1000 was subscribed to defray the cost of erection. There were then 105 names on the roll, and one hundred children on the roll of the Sunday school. Mr. Connebee, who was an energetic minister and guided the infant church in its early struggles, retired in June, 1868. He was succeeded in the following year by the Rev. David Johnstone, who continued in charge till 1870, when he left Moray Place and held services in the Oddfellows' Hall, George Street, and finally in Leith Street, where he built a church. A call was made to the Rev. Dr. Roseby in July, 1871, to Moray Place church, and that gentleman held the pastorate until his resignation in 1885. After a succession of ministers, the Rev. Dr. Hanna, the Rev. Dr. Dale, and Mr. Lee, M.P., of London, were asked to select a pastor for the church, and they chose the present minister, the Rev. W. Saunders, who at the time held a pastorate in London. Mr. Saunders arrived at the beginnig of 1890, and has conntinued since then to minister to the congregation with great acceptance. The present membership of the Moray Place church is 266. Since the foundation of the parent church several congregational churches have been established throughout the province. A church was formed in Port Chalmers shortly after the establishment of the Moray Place church and is 1878, one at Oamaru; but the latter is now (January, 1904) closed. The Ravensbourne church was formed in 1879, when the Rev. Wm. Jenner took charge. Ravensbourne subsequently became a branch of the Great King Street church, but was again formed into a separate charge in 1903, under the Rev. Mr. Nichol. There are churches in Great King Street and Leith Street, Dunedin, at St. Clair, and at Gore.
was erected about the year 1862. It is a commodious cemented brick building, and occupies a very fine site at the corner of View Street and Moray Place. There is a gallery at the northern end, the rostrum, organ and choir being on the opposite side. Seating accommodation is provided for 650 people, the average congregation numbering from 350 to 400. The is a comfortable Sunday school beneath the church, with an average attendance of 160.
, Minister in charge of the Moray Place Congregational Church, was born in 1857, and was educated at Bedford College and at Hackney College, London. He was ordained in 1884 in London, and took charge of Bromby-by-Bow Church, London, till 1890, when he was appointed by a commission, consisting of
, who is further referred to in the Legal Section of this volume, is the organist at the Moray Place Congregational church.
is a wooden building resting on stone foundations, and was erected in 1879. The building cost £2,500; the ground on which the church stands was originally leasehold, but the freehold was acquired on the expiration of the term. The church has seating accommodation for 450 persons, and is generally well filled. Services are held twice on Sunday, and numerous weekly meetings are also held in the Prayer Hall of the church. The first minister was the Rev. John Beckingham now of Sydney, who after six years' ministration, was followed, successively, by the Rev. A. H. Wallace, and the Rev. C. H. Bradbury, now both of Melbourne; The present minister the Rev. G. Heighway, took charge in 1897.
, Minister of Great King Street Congregational Church, was born in Sydney, and educated at Camden College and Sydney University. He was ordained in 1880 to the pastorate of the church at West Maitland and after three years and a half was transferred to Gerringong, also in New South Wales, where he had charge until he came to New Zealand fourteen years later. Mr. Heighway arrived in Dunedin in 1897, on the invitation of the Great King Street and Ravensbourne churches, but he relinquished his duties in Ravensbourne in 1903, after it was constituted a separate parish. Mr. Height way has. in addition to his elesiastical duties, taken a great interest in the general social question of the day, particularly in temperance work in which he has given valuable assistance. He is secretary of the Council of Christian Churches, and was president of the Otago Sunday Union in 1901 and 1902.
was erected in 1879, and is a plain brick building with seating accommodation for about 170 people. A Sunday school, with an attendance of 120 pupils, is held in the church, where there is an American organ. Two services are held on Sunday and a weekly service on Thursday evenings. Services were at first conducted by the Rev. Mr. Johnston, who, when his health began to fail, was joined by the Rev. Mr. Burgoyne. These ministers were succeeded by the Rev. W. M. Fell, who was succeeded by the present minister.
, Minister in charge of the Leith Street Congregational Church, is the second son of the Rev. J. Fernie, and grandson of the Rev. J. Fernie. He went to South Australia in 1883, to take charge of his brother's church at Kapunda during the absence of the latter on a prolonged holiday. He afterwards had charge of the Rose Park Church, Adelaide, for five years, and the Maitland Church, York Peninsula for eight years and a half. In 1897 Mr. Fernie came to Wellington, and was appointed to the Courtenay Place church. He removed to Dunedin to take charge of his present church in 1901.
, which is a pretty little wooden building with a bell tower, has seating accommodation for 250, and is the only church, as yet, at St. Clair. The present building was erected at a cost of £1000. The church was first founded as a mission by the Rev. Edward Walker, and services were then held in the old building now used as a Sunday school. After the resignation of Mr. Walker the mission was worked from the parent church in Moray Place, by the ald of laymen under the superintendence of the Rev. W. Saunders. But in 1898 the Rev. Alfred Hodge was appointed to take charge. Mr. Hodge infused new life into the body, and a new church was built. The Sunday school is attended by 105 scholars, who are instructed by thirteen teachers. Services are held twice on Sunday, and there is an American organ. Shorthand, wood carving and bookkeeping classes are conducted in connection with the Sunday school, besides the Bible and literary classes which are held once a week; and a gymnasium class is held twice a week in the local gymnasium hall.
is a wooden building with accommodation for 130 people, and was built at a cost of £300. For some time it was a branch of the Great King Street Church, but except for a period of four years it has always been a separate charge. Services are held twice on Sundays, and there are also weekly services; and in addition to the ordinary Sunday school classes there is a Mutual Improvement Society.
, Minister in charge of the Ravensbourne Congregational Church, was born in London, in 1879, and
, Great King Street, is a large building ornamented in the front with imposing pillars. At the back there is a Sunday schoolroom, which is attended by a large number of children. The tabernacle was erected during Mr. M. W. Green's first seven years' stay in Dunedin, between 1878 and 1858. Services are held on Sundays, and on stated evenings during the week.
, formerly of the Tabernacle, Church of Christ, Dunedin, was born in Manchester, in 1840, and brought up in the doctrine of the Church of England until his fourteenth year, when after a short association with the Wesleyan body, he left and united with the Church of Christ. Before his eighteenth birthday he was asked to give addresses to mixed audiences. In 1862 he came with his wife and son to New Zealand, with some other members of the Church of Christ from Manchester, and landed at Auckland. After spending five years there Mr. Green decided to go to Sydney, where he laboured for nearly three years. In 1889 he accepted an invitation to the Swanston Street church; but after remaining there a year he went to North Melbourne and formed a church with a nucleus of four members, who were baptised on the occasion of their first meeting. In five years the new church had 300 members. Owing to a break down in his health Mr. Green went Home in 1877, having been previously presented with a purse of 100 sovereigns by his fellow church members in Melbourne. He came to Dunedin in 1878, and remained seven years, during which the fine tabernacle in Great King Street was erected. After a residence of three years Mr. Green was pressed to stand for Parliament, and represented Dunedin East from 1881 till 1884. He was invited in 1885 to succeed Mr. J. Gore at Adelaide, where he continued to minister for twelve years. In 1902 he again revisited Dunedin, having been requested to take charge of the Tabernacle, which he did for a year and a half, and then returned to Melbourne.
1861 there were only five Jewish residents with their families in Dunedin. But the gold discoveries of that year brought many newcomers, amongst whom there was a noticeable percentage of Jews. This change led to the establishment of a congregation and synagogue. With this object, fourteen gentlemen met at the house of Mr. H. E. Nathan in January, 1862, and pledged themselves to form a congregation. A committee was appointed to obtain subscriptions for preliminary expense; the congregation was formed and office-beareres were elected as follows: President, Hyam E. Nathan; treasurer, Henry Nathan; committee, Henry Hart, Benjamin L. Farjeon, R. da Costa, Ezekial Nathan, Abraham Myers, Issac Herman, and George Caspar. Mr. H. Joseph was secretary. Mr. Farjcon, who was manager of the Daily Times and Witness in the early sixties, afterwards became noted in England as a writer of popular novels and stories. A leasehold area in George Street, on which stood a small wooden building, was acquired, and this building, to which some necessary repairs were made, was the first Jewish synagogue in Dunedin. The membership was forty-three, and services were regularly conducted. The first couple united in the synagogue were Mr. Abraham Myers and Miss Ehrenfried, who were married in September, 1862. The scroll of the law was presented by Mr. H. E. Nathan, and a canopy by Mr. Myers, as an offering on his marriage. The scroll consists of the Pentateuch or the five books of Moses, in manuscript, in Hebrew character, written on the skin of a Kosher calf, by scribes, who are carefully trained for this occupation. The characters used are supposed to be identical with those employed by Moses, and are believed to be an accurate reproduction of the language of Moses. The Pentateuch is divided into fifty-two portions, one of which is read every Sunday; thus the whole is read in the course of one year. About 1863 steps were taken to acquire a more central site for a synagogue, and to obtain a minister. Mr. D. Isaacs, a layman, was appointed minister, and the first choice of a site for a synagogue was in View Street where the Congregational church now stands; but this was lost through a hitch in the negotiations. At a cost of £600 a site was secured in Moray Place. There a synagogue was erected at a cost of £1,850, and was opened for service in September, 1863. The building afterwards became the property of the Masonic body. The present site was purchased for £1000 in 1875, and on the 11th of November, 1880, the corner stone of the present building was laid by Mr. Maurice Joel, then president of the congregation. The synagogue is a handsome building of stone, and was erected at a cost of £4,830. The first minister was Mr. David Isaacs, a lay preacher, who was appointed on the formation of the congreagtion, and retired in 1864. From 1864 until the appointment of the Rev. Jacob Levy, in 1867, the duties of the synagogue were performed by Mr. Joseph Myers, Mr. Lazar, and Mr. Nathan. Mr. Levy resigned in 1874, and was succeeded in 1875 by the Rev. Bernard Lichtenstein, who filled the position until his death in 1892. For eighteen months afterwards there was no minister and the duties were performed by members of the congregation with the assistance, when necessary, of the Rev. A. T. Chodowski, then minister of Christchurch. The Rev. J. L. Harrison became minister in 1893, but resigned in 1897, and in April, 1898, the present minister was appointed. At present (January 1904) Mr. Julius Hyman, J.P., is President, Mr. M. Montague Heineman, Hon. Secretary, and Mr. Saul Solomon, B.A., Treasurer.
, Rabbi of the Hebrew Synagogue, Dunedin, is a native of Posen, in Prussia, and the youngest son of the late Rabbi Isaac Jacob Chodowski, whose four sons are Rabbis. He first studied under his father, and subsequently under the well known Rabbi, Dr. Zomber, President of the Talmudical College, in Berlin. Mr. Chodowski proceeded to London, and on the recommendation of Drs. Herman Adler and Friedlander, was admitted to the Jewish College, an honour never previously conferred on a foreigner. After studying for two years and a half he was sent by the Chief Rabbi to Belfast, where he officiated during the holy days. In 1887 he was appointed minister of the Leicester congregation, and in 1889 he
opened its campaign in Dunedin in 1883, and for over twenty years has carried on a good and progressive work. The headquarters of the Dunedin division are in Dowling Street, at the city hall. This is a solidly built brick structure, of the usual castellated design, and the service hall, which has a stage and a gallery, is capable of seating about 1,800 people. There is also a large room, which is used as a Sunday school, and there are a number of smaller rooms for committee and other meetings. The band, which consists of twenty-two players, is one of the best in the colony. The Army has another hall at South Dunedin, and there is also a branch at North East Valley. The Dunedin division, which has twenty-five corps and forty-four outposts, extends from the Rangitata river to the Bluff, and includes South Canterbury, Otago, and Southland. This division subscribed £1,942 to the Self-Denial Fund for the year 1903; on this fund mission work has the first claim. One of the most beneficent features of the Army organisation is the rescue work, and in this connection two institutions are maintained in Dunedin. The Rescue Home is devoted to the care of the fallen and friendless, taken from the street or the police courts; and the Maternity Home receives as its inmates those who have erred for the first time. A Government subsidy is allotted to the Army on behalf of these institutions.
, Officer in Charge of the Dunedin Division, has been connected with the Salvation Army for twenty-four years, and for over twenty-one years he has been an officer. He was born in the north of Scotland, and there joined the organisation. He worked in all the provinces of Australia, except West Australia, and was afterwards appointed to open the campaign in the Dutch East Indies. Major Cumming spent four years in Batavia, Sourabaya, and Samarang, in Java, and he speaks with the highest satisfaction of the success of the East Indian work, to which he would be glad to return. He was transferred to the Dunedin charge in 1903.
, is the name of a Christian sect founded in Dunedin in 1897 by Dr. Commins, who has now over 500 followers. The Apostles' Creed, with modifications in respect to minor points, is the authoritative source of the teaching and faith of the Pilgrims of Peace. Sunday evening services and monthly socials are held in the Oddfellows' Hall, Rattray Street.
, was born in Australia, and educated at King's College. He studied medicine in London and Melbourne with the object of entering the medical profession, but before completing his course relinquished after three years' study all idea of entering the profession, through having come in contact with notable advocates of the many advanced methods outside the regular profession and receiving ideas that modified his opinions in the direction of medical science. Dr. Commins has always been connected with the pastoral interest of Australia, and owned a large station property of 75,000 acres in New South Wales until two years ago. He has through life applied himself unreservedly and without prejudice to the study of human life, character, and religion; he continued his researches at the great schools in various parts of the world, and, having arrived at what he considered a satisfactory result, resolved to devote his life to the teaching of a religion based on scientific truths. He laboured for four years in Sydney in preaching and introducing his views, when, through hard work, his health broke down. His physicians thought the bracing air of Dunedin would help to restore his health, and so to Dunedin he came in 1897. His teachings soon attracted numerous adherents, who number about 500, and are increasing every day. Dr. Commins, who is a graduated doctor of Magnetics, is a strong believer in galvanic and electric treatment, and has for several years gratuitously treated numerous patients with the greatest success.
is one of about 400 branches of an organisation, known as the Theosophical Society, which was founded in America in the year 1875, and afterwards established its headquarters in Madras, India. The parent Society was brought into existence by the joint action of Madame H. P. Blavatsky and Colonel H. S. Olcott, two students of religion and science, whose co-operation was brought about by a common interest in spiritualism. The objects, as originally stated, were: to form a nucleus of the universal brotherhood of humanity, without distinction of race, creed, sex, caste or colour; to encourage the comparative study of religion, philosophy and science; to investigate the unexplained laws of nature and the powers latent in man. The aims of the Society are, therefore, comprehensive, and of a distinctly idealistic order. There is now scarcely a country in the civilised world wherein the Society has not its branches and its strong bands of enthusiastic workers; and its supporters are now numerous. The Dunedin branch was organised in 1892 for the purpose of promoting amongst local circles the great principles for which the parent body has so long and consistently Worked, and obtained a charter in May, 1893. The first president was Mr Grant P. Farquhar, and the first secretary Mr. A. W. Maurais. The branch has amongst its Workers Messrs D. W. M. Burn, M.A., George Richardson, A. W. Maurais, Miss Horne, and Miss C. W. Christie. The local membership is about fifty, though there are many more who take a serious interest in the object of the branch and indirectly support it. Since the establishment of the branch the place of meeting has been frequently changed. The room now used is situated in Liverpool Street, and affords accommodation for about fifty persons Classes are held in this room two or three times weekly, and a lecture is given on the third Wednesday in each month. Each Sunday evening, commencing at 6.30, a lecture is delivered in the board room of His Majesty's Theatre, the most frequent lecturers being Messrs A. W. Maurais, D. W. M. Burn, M. A., Miss Horne, and Miss C. W. Christie. Many books and pamphlets have been written on the subject of theosophy, and these are freely distributed for the purpose of enlightening enquirers on the subject. The officers of the Dunedin branch of the Theosophical Society for the year 1904 are: President, Mr. George Richardson; Secretary, Mr. A. W. Maurais. There are also several other officers.
, President of the Dunedin Theosophical Society, was born in Kurnaul, Northern India, in 1842, and is the only son of the late Sir John L. C. Richardson, who is repeatedly referred to in other pages of this work. He was educated at Henley-on-Thames, England, and in 1856 arrived in Dunedin in company with his father and sister. For some years he was engaged in farming in the South Molyneaux district, and in 1871 he went to Fiji, where for seven years he was interested in the cotton planting industry. In 1878 Mr. Richardson returned to Dunedin, and has since lived in retirement in the city. He devotes a large amount of his leisure to the study of theosophy.
, who has been secretary to the Dunedin Theosophical Society since its foundation, is an enthusiastic member of that body. In addition to managing the business affairs of the Society, he frequently takes the platform in advocacy, of theosophy, and is an able and popular exponent of the subject. Mr. Maurais was born in London in 1858, educated privately, and was afterwards apprenticed to the printing trade. In 1875 he sailed for New Zealand, and was for some years engaged in the printing offices of the North
Social life in New Zealand is in various respects different from that in the older countries of the world. Climatic influences, the more general distribution of wealth, and the absence of prescriptive class distinctions, have led to differences which will probably become yet more marked in future years. The extremes of wealth and poverty, aristocracy and the pauper classes, are still, potentially, present in the community, but many forces are at work in opposition to them, and may in the end evolve conditions effectively alien to their continuance. Education has been made more generally available here than it has, so far, in the Old World, and as the colonists also travel more, they have become self-confident, self-reliant, adventurous, and hospitable to strangers; in a word, sociable in an extended sense of the term. At the same time they are keen and shrewd in business. As a rule colenials take much interest in sports and pastimes. In athletic sports and football the young New Zealander holds his own, though, as yet, he is not as good a cricketer as the Australian and the Englishman. With rivers teeming with fish, and country abounding with game, it is natural that he should be fond of angling and shooting. Horseracing, too, is a popular pastime. These remarks are applicable to the people of New Zealand as a whole, and not specially so to those of Otago, though, of course, this section deals with bodies and institutions, the operations of which are conducted in Otago, chiefly in its capital city.
, Fernhill, Dunedin. This club was originally formed in 1836. Its first abode was a modest wooden structure in Maclaggan Street, with a verandah and balcony in front, and is now used as a Chinese laundry. In those early days the club was composed chiefly of squatters, though all the leading townsmen also were members, and amongst its earliest supporters were the late Mr. E. B. Cargill, Hon. Matthew Holmes, and Mr. E. P. Kenyon, and Mr Charles de Vere Teschmaker, as well as many other prominent men, past and present. The club afterwards removed to a stone building higher up in the same street, but this was soon found to be unsuitable, and a second move was made, this time to High Street, where rooms were engaged in the old Commercial Hotel. A third move was made some time in the seventies to Wain's Hotel, in which apartments were engaged. In 1874 the most memorable event in the history of the institution took place. In that year the club was reconstituted, and the Fernhill House and grounds were purchased for its home. The Fernhill property is one of the finest and most valuable of its kind in New Zealand. The Club House stands back about fifty yards from Melville Street, on a two-acre section, and is approached by a crescent-shaped drive through a well grown plantation of trees and shrubs. It was built in the early days by the late Mr. John Jones, and was occupied by the Duke of Edinburgh during his visit to Dunedin, having been placed at his disposal by Mr. Jones. After the death of Mr. Jones, it was leased to the Provincial Government as the Governor's residence, and was retained for that purpose till 1874, when it was bought by its present proprietors. The building stands on a pleasant eminence, and commands a view right down the harbour. It is surrounded by fine gardens, always kept in good order and gay with flowers, and the club has a well formea bowling green and tennis lawn. The house itself is of stone, and is two stories high, with a verandah and balcony. It possesses one of the best equipped billiard rooms, in the colony, a spacious dining room, a splendid drawing room and library, a smoking room, reading room, several semi-private rooms, two card rooms, and about nineteen bedrooms, together with a kitchen, lavatory and other necessary appointments. The Dunedin Club has always been most hospitable in entertaining the colony's Governors, and in 1889, the year of the Exhibition, a magnificent ball, for which a large temporary building was constructed, was given, and formed one of the principal festivities of the season. The Governors of all the Australian colonies were present, and about 1000 invitations were sent out. During the visit of their Royal High-nesses the Duke and Duchess of Cornwall and York to Dunedin, in June, 1901, the Dunedin Club was occupied by them, and was for the time entirely given up by the members for that purpose. The club is well known in all parts of the world, and is a favourite with tourists and visitors, on account of its homelike comforts and well kept grounds. At present (1904) the club has about 200 members. The club is under the management of a president, a vice-president, a secretary and treasurer, and a committee of five members. The president of the year 1903–4 is Mr. C. W. S. Chamberlain, and the present secretary and treasurer is Mr. D. Crawford. Mr. Charles Bird, who has been manager of the club for abou thirty years, is held in the highest esteem by the members on account of his personal worth, and the unfailing ability with which he fulfils his duties.
, has rooms which occupy the greater part of a handsome three storey brick and plaster building situated at 4, Lower High Street. The premises were erected in 1880, and for several years were used as the Exchange Hotel. Later on they were purchased by the Standard Insurance Company, from which, in 1888, the Otago Club Company leased its rooms. The club has forty-two large, lofty and well-furnished apartments; and the appearance of the whole place reflects the highest credit on the management. In addintion
, Manager of the Otago Club, is a son of the late Mr. Hans Hoff, for some time departmental manager in the firm of Messrs Guthrie and Larnach. He was born in Christiana, Norway, in 1866, and came to Dunedin with his parents in 1872. After completing his education he entered commercial life in Dunedin, and subsequently visited Auckland, Melbourne, and Sydney. In 1893 he was appointed to an assistantship in the Fernhill Club, but five years later resigned to enter the employment of the Union Bank, with which he remained till October, 1900, when he became manager of the Otago Club. Mr. Hoff is a member of the Masonic Lodge Otago, Kilwinning, No. 417, Scottish Constitution, of the Dunedin Bowling Club, and of the Dunedin Liedertafel, and the Orphans' Musical Club. He was married in October, 1900, to Miss Weir, of Mosgiel.
was formed in 1884. For several years the club held rooms in Moray Place, but in 1879 the present handsome club building was erected in Dowling Street. Up till that date the club had enjoyed a large measure of success, but its removal to better and more central premises greatly added to its popularity and prosperity, and it has since grown at a rapid rate. At the institution of the body a relief fund was commenced, on condition that it was not to be drawn upon till £1500 had been accumulated. In 1898, this total having been reached, the fund became available for purposes of relief, and immediately gave a further impetus to the association. In 1902 a mortuary benefit fund was established, for the purpose of providing for the payments upon the death of a member, of a sum of money to his widow or children, or to his next of kin. This again has proved a popular action, and tradesmen are manifesting an ever increasing willingness to support an institution so alive to their interests and needs. The acculated funds have now reached a total of £3,600, and the club has at present about 350 members. In February, 1904, the association bought, for £2,600, the freehold of a section, over a quarter of an acre in area, and situated in the Octagon. The block is admirably adapted as a site for a club house, and will be built on as such when the leases of the present tenants expire. The annual meeting of members is held in January in the Club Rooms, Dowling Street. The officers elected in January, 1904, were: President, Mr. D. McPherson; Secretary, Mr. James Brown; Treasurer, Mr. James Todd. There are also six vice-presidents, a committee of seven, and a house committee of three.
, President of the New Zealand Commercial Travellers' and Warehousemen's Association, was born in Kintyre, Scotland, in 1846, and at the age of twenty began his commercial career in the darpery trade in South Wales. He afterwards filled positions in other parts of Great Britain, and later on entered the employment of a wholesale confectioner in Glasgow as city traveller. In 1883 he established, with Mr. Kemp, the firm of Messrs McPherson, Kemp and Co., and in the following year commenced operations in New Zealand. The firm has since developed rapidly, and is now well known throughout the colony. Mr. McPherson is Chief of the Gaelic Society of New Zealand.
, the energetic and popular secretary of the New Zealand Commercial Travellers' and Warehousemen's Association joined the organisation many years ago, and to his consistent efforts the present success and prosperity of the club is in a large measure due. Mr. Brown is more fully referred to in the commercial section of this volume.
are situated at 17, Dowling Street; and comprise a handsome two storey brick and plaster building erected by the club in 1897. The building possesses every possible convenience, and there are about a dozen apartments. A large and lefty hall leads from the front entrance to the billiard room, which is to the rear on the ground floor. This room, which is frequently spoken of as one of the finest billiard rooms in the colony, is spacious and well lighted, and has two large tables. There are three card rooms, two visitors' rooms, and three well supplied reading rooms. The bar adjoins the billiard room, and there are also lavatories, a large cellar, etc. The club is handsomely furnished, and a competent staff is employed.
was appointed manager of the New Zealand Commercial Travellers' and Warehousemen's Association Club Rooms, in 1899, in succession to Mr. Silk. He was born in Dunedin, in 1865, is a son of Mr. John Lucas, a local leather merchant, and was educated at the Arthur Street public school and apprenticed as a brass finisher under Messrs A. and T. Burt. He subsequently worked for another firm of engineers and brass finishers in Dunedin, and later on visited Melbourne and Sydney. In 1891 Mr. Lucas gave up his trade, and for several years was travelling for various commercial firms in the city. In 1895 he was appointed an assistant in the Dunedin Club, where he remained till taking up his present position. Mr. Lucas is a member of the Dunedin Bowling Club, and also of the Manchester Unity, Independent Order of Oddfellows.
Two hundred years ago there was scarcely a Masonic temple in the world, and the brethren of olden times were compelled to assemble in crypts and vaults, in secrecy and terror. Now every town, almost every village, in the British Empire, in the United States, and in all the free countries of the world, has its Masonic Hall, or its Lodge, and Freemasonry is as far spread as the globe itself. Monarchs are its patrons, philosophers its advocates, divines its expounders, and statesmen its defenders. Ordered liberty may be said to be guaranteed by the extension of its principles, which are defined in the words: “Honour all men, love the Brotherhood, fear God, honour the King.” Freemasonry offers a platform, on which all men may unite without regard to the limitations of other institions, whether civil or religious.
Many of the pioneer settlers of Otago were staunch Freemasons, but it was to until 1860 that the mother lodge of the province was constituted. On the evening of Wednesday, the 8the of August, of that year, the ceremony of the inauguration of Lodge Otago, No. 844, E.C., and the installation of its Worshipful Master, Mr. George Smith, were conducted by Mr. Sydney James, with a proficiency that could not have been surpassed by an installing officer of the oldest standing under the English Constitution. The paraphernalia was superior to that in use in many lodges in the mother country. Upwards of thirty brethren mustered for the occasion; the supper which followed passed off in capital style, and the brethren retired, cordially greeting each other with “hearty good wishes.”
It was not long after this that the fraternity under the Scottish Constitution formed themselves into a lodge, for on the 17th of June, 1861, Lodge Otago Kilwinning, No. 417, S.C., was opened. In the following year, Lodge Marine, No. 942, E.C. (Port Chalmers), came into existence.
Thursday, the 13th of August, 1864, was a red-letter day in the Masonic calendar of Otago, owing to the installation of the Superintendent of the Province, Mr. John Hyde Harris, as the first Provincial Grand Master of Otago and Southland, under the English Constitution. Over 200 craftsmen assembled, and no expense was spared to make the ceremony complete. The Masonic Hall was tastefully decorated, under the skilful superintendence of the Provincial Grand Superintendent of Works, Mr. John Millar, F.S.A., and for the two or three following days the hall was thrown open to such of the outer world as desired to view the temple of the Mystic Brotherhood. The Commission from the Earl of Zetland. Most Worshipful Grand Master of the Grand Lodge of England, constituting the Masonic Province of Otago, was read by Mr. R. H. Forman, P.G.S., the Registrar Designate, and the ceremonies of installation and investiture were conducted by Mr. John Lazer, P.D.P.G.M. for the province of South Australia. The other principal officers of the new Provincial Grand Lodge were Messrs Sydney James, W.M. of the Lodge of Otago, as S.W., and E. Nathan, W.M. of the Lodge of Dunedin, as J.W.
In the country towns throughout the province lodges were established, and at the period under notice upwards of 500 Freemasons
On the 19th of April, 1865, the ceremony of the consecration of the Provincial Grand Lodge of New Zealand, S.C., was held at the Masonic Hall, when, under a Commission from the Grand Lodge of Scotland, the Hon. Vincent Pyke was invested and installed in due form, as the first Provincial Grand Master in New Zealand, under that Constitution.
The Irish Constitution obtained a footing in the young settlement by the establishment of Lodge Shamrock, No. 448, I.C., on the 28th of March, 1866. Of this lodge Mr. Charles White was the first Worshipful Master, and Mr. T. S. Graham, who was one of its founders and the second Worshipful Master, held office as Senior Warden. Mr. H. de Burgh-Adams was, at that time, Provincial Grand Master of New Zealand under this Constution.
Up to 1888 the meetings of the lodges in Dunedin were held in a small Maconic Hall at the back of Wain's Hotel, in Princes Street. In that year a site having been purchased in Moray Place, the foundation stone of a new hall was laid on the 1st of June, 1868, with Masome honours, by the Hon. Vincent Pyke, the Right Worshipful Provincial Grand Master of New Zealand, Scottish Constitution, before a large assemblage of craftsmen. At that time there were seven lodges in the province under the English Constitution, seven under the Scottish, and one under the Irish Constitution. The ceremoney of the consecration of the new Masonic Hall was performed on the 23rd of April, 1869, by Mr John Hyde Harris, Right Worshipful District Grand Master of Otago, English Constitution; the Hon. Vincent Pyke, Right Wershipful Provincial Grand Master of New Zealand, Scottish Constitution, and Mr. Charles White, Provincial Grand Registrar, Irish Constitution; assisted by the District Grand Lodge of Otago, the Provincial Grand Lodge of New Zealand, and the officers and members of the various lodges. About 250 Freemasons were in attendance. This hall was held by the Order for some years, but was subsequently purchased by Mr. Richard Hudson.
The present large and commodious Masonic Hall, in Moray Place, which was formerly used as a Jewish Synagogue, was dedicated to Masonic purposes on the 31st of August, 1881, with full Masonic honours. The ceremony was performed by Mr. John Hyde Harris D.G.M., English Constitution, assisted by his officers; Mr. James Gore, D.D.G.M., Scottish Constitution and officers; and Mr. T. S. Graham, D.D.G.M., Irish Constitution, and officers. Fifteen lodges were represented and about 450 Freemasons were present. The hall, at the time of opening, had cost the Masonic Hall Company about £3,000.
From is inception in the province, Free-masonry flourshed apace, and the three Constitutions worked in perfect harmony with each other. In the later eighties there arose a feeling that it would be advisable to unite under a Grand Lodge for New Zealand, and meetings were held throughout the colony to foster the idea. A meeting was held in Dunedin on the 29th of March, 1889, attended by delegates from the lodges of the province; at which Mr. Sydney James, the Senior Past Master, presided, and it was resolved: “That, in the opinion of this meeting, it is desirable that a Grand Lodge of Free and Accepted Masons of New Zealand be formed, and that immediate steps be taken to that end.” Similar resolutions having been carried in other centres, the culminating point was reached on the 29th of April, 1890, when the Grand Lodge of New Zealand was inaugurated at Christchurch. The officers of the Grand Lodge were elected, Mr. Henry Thompson becoming the first Grand Master, and resolutions were also adopted providing Boards of General Purposes and Benevolence.
The majority of lodges in New Zealand went over to the new Constitution, but a minority preferred to remain under their established allegiance. Just prior to the inauguration of the New Zealand Grand Lodge there were in the Otago and Southland province sixteen lodges working under the English Constitution, fifteen under the Scottish Constitution, and two under the Irish Constitution. Now (1904) there are only four lodges under the English, seven under the Scottish, and still two under the Irish Constitution. The others have seceded, and affiliated themselves under the Grand Lodge of New Zealand, which now governs twenty-two lodges in the province.
Many of the old colonists of Otago who faithfully worked in the good interests of Freemasonry have now passed to their eternal rest. Among these may be specially mentioned Mr. Sydney James, who for many years was District Grand Secretary under the English Constitution, and was also Past Deputy District Grand Master; Mr. Edward Nathan, a Past Deputy District Grand Master, and founder of Lodge Dunedin, No. 931, English Constitution; the Rev. Bernard Lichtenstein, Chaplain of the District Grand Lodge of Otago and Southland, English Constitution, and Past Master of Lodge Dunedin, No. 931, English Constitution; Mr. William Caldwell, P.M., Grand Steward of the Grand Lodge of Scotland, and a 33 degree of Scotland land; and Mr. Louis Court, Deputy District Grand Master, Scottish Constitution, also a 33 degree of Scotland.
holds quarterly communications at the Masonic Hall, Moray Place, Dunedin, as may be ordered, and the Board of General Purposes meets as occasion requires. The present officers of the Grand Lodge are: D.G.M., Mr. Thomas Sherlock Graham; D.D.G.M., Dr. J. O. Closs; D.G.S.W., Mr. W. S. Barnard; the junior wardenship is vacant; and Mr. G. Barclay is District Grand Secretary.
, Right Worshipful District Grand Master, has held this distinguished position since 1881, when he succeeded the late Mr. John Hyde Harris. He has been District Grand Master for the South Island of the Mark Degree, English Constitution, Mr. Graham is Past Master of Lodge Shamrock, No. 448, Irish Constitution, also of Lodge St. Patrick, No. 468, Irish Constitution, and a member of several private lodges. He is an honorary member of Lodge St. Mary's Chapel, Edinburgh, No. 1; Past Prior of the Priory of Otago (Knights Templar); Past Sovereign of the Knights of Rome and of the Red Cross of Constantine, and Past Z of the Otago Royal Arch Chapter. Mr. Graham is also a member of the Veterans' Association of San Francisco, and a 33 degree under the Supreme Council of Scotland.
, Deputy Grand Master, is referred to in the Medical Section of this volume.
, No. 844, English Constitution, was constituted on the 8th of August, 1860, and its warrant is dated the 27th of November, of the same year. Before that date meetings were held under special dispensation. Up to 1862 the members assembled at the Commercial Hotel in High Street, and for the two following years at the Shamrock Hotel, in Rattray Street. From 1864 to 1869 the lodge met in the hall at the back of Wain's Hotel, in Princess Street; and since 1870 the meetings have been regularly held in the Masonic Hall, Moray Place. The present date of meeting is the first Wednesday of every month. Messrs F. J. Gunn, Worshipful Master; W. I. Bolan, Senior Warden; L. Warsaw, Junior Warden; and G. D. Wright, Secretary. The lodge has about 100 members.
, Worshipful Master of Lodge Otago, No. 844, English Constitution, was installed in office by Mr. T. S. Graham, R.W.D.G.M., in September, 1903. He was initiated in his present lodge in July, 1895, and is a P.G.S.D. of the District Grand Lodge, English Constitution.
Mr. Gunn is a son of Mr. Farquhar Gunn, an old colonist, who resides at Kakanui in the Oamaru district, and arrived in New Zealand on the 8th of October, 1862, in the ship “Jura” (Captain Chalmers). He was born at Ida Valley, Otago, and on leaving school, entered the service of the New Zealand and Australian Land Company, as a bookkeeper on its Kurow estate. He was subsequently similarly employed on the same company's estates at Hakatarama, Totara, and Moeraki; and was afterwards bookkeeper for the late Mr. M. J. S. Mackenzie, on the Kyeburn station. Later on he removed to Dunedin to engage in commercial pursuits, business in St. Andrew Street. Mr. Gunn has served a term on the Albany Street school committee, on the committee of the New Zealand Natives' Association, and he is on the Executive of the local Carriers and Coal Merchants' Union of Employers. He married a daughter of an old colonist, Mr. George Caldwell, of Hampden, and has one son and one daughter.
, No. 931, English Constitution, was founded on the 22nd of December, 1862, under a warrant dated the 24th of September of the same year. Meetings have been regularly held at the Masonic Hall, Moray Place, but prior to the erection of that building they were conducted at the Commercial Hotel. The lodge holds its regular meetings on the third Tuesday of the month; and the installation of the Worshipful Master and officers is held in August. Officers for the year 1903–4: Messrs James Wallace, W.M.; F. W. M. Jones, S. W.; Walter Iles, J. W.; J. W. Johnson, Secretary; and Thomas Cole, Treasurer.
Worshipful Master of Lodge Dunedin, No. 931, English Constitution, was born in Dunedin, and is a son of a colonist who arrived by the ship “Alpine,” in 1859. He was initiated as a Freemason in 1896, in his present lodge, and was installed as Master by Mr. T. S. Graham, R.W.D.G.M., on the 18th of August, 1903. He is a Past Grand Master in the Order of Oddfellows, Manchester Unity, and passed through the Noble Grand chair in Loyal Dunedin Lodge, in 1887.
(Scottish Constitution) holds quarterly meetings at the Masonic Hall, Moray Place, on the last Friday in February, May, August, and November. The principal officers for 1904 are; Messrs James Gore, Right Worshipful District Grand Master; George Springer, Right Worshipful District Grand Master Depute; Alexander McLean, Right Worshipful Substitute District Grand Master; George Ritchie, Right Worshipful Senior District Grand Warden; David Cooke. Right Worshipful Junior District Grand Warden; William Jeffrey, Right Worshipful District Grand Secretary; William Arnstead, Right Worshipful District Grand Treasurer; and Theodore Arnold, Very Worshipful District Grand Chaplain.
, Right Worshipful District Grand Master, is referred to elsewhere as a former member of the House of Representatives.
, Right Worshipful District Grand Master Depute, Scottish Constitution, was initiated in Lodge Celtic, No. 477, Scottish Constitution, in 1888, and three years later was elected Worshipful Master, holding the office for two years. He is now an honorary life member of his lodge. In the District Grand Lodge he graduated through the various offices, and was appointed to his present position in 1902. As an Oddfellow Mr. Springer has passed through the chairs of the Pioneer Lodge, No.1, of which he is now secretary, and he is a trustee of the Grand Lodge. Independent Order of Oddfellows. Mr Springer was born in London, where he learned the trade of a builder, and in 1874 came to New Zealand by the ship “Gareloch.” He engaged in business in Dunedin, and is now a partner in the firm of Messrs Cole and Springer. Mr. Springer has served as a member of the North East Valley licensing and school committees.
, No. 417, the oldest Lodge of the Scottish Constitution in New Zealand, was inaugurated on the 17th of June, 1861. Mr. James Mills took a very active part in its foundation. Meetings were held in the Shamrock Hotel, until a hall was erected in Princes Street, at the back of Wain's Hotel. The lodge now meets regularly at the Masonic Hall. Moray Place, Dunedin, on the second Thursday in each month, and the installation ceremony is held in December. The principal officers of the lodge for the year 1904 are: Messrs O. H. Moller, Right Worshipful Master; A. Anderson, Senior Warden; A. Flett, Junior Warden; and R. T. Wheeler, junior, Secretary.
was installed Master of Lodge Otago Kilwinning, No. 417, Scottish Constitution, in December, 1903. He is further referred to as Vice-Consul for Denmark.
, No. 432, Scottish Constitution, was inaugurated in 1864, and is the second oldest lodge under the Scottish Constitution, in the province of Otago. Mr. William Caldwell, the founder of the lodge, filled the position of Right Worshipful Master for the first three years, and also for three subsequent terms. The other Past Masters have been: Messrs C. Rose, R.G. Smith, F. Beissel, E. J. Schlotel, J. Stewart, A. G. Smith, J. Golder, J. B. Finlayson, G. Kidd G. Watson, H. C. Schlaadt, S. Peden, W. Jeffrey, T. Hutchison, G. W. Harold, D. Cherrie, P. Wilson, J. Ogg, J. S. Nugent, A. Ternent, A. McFarlane, A. H. Shelton, Alex. Martin, D. McIntosh, Wm. Smith, G. Ritchie, D. Cooke, W. R. Don, and R. Frew. Meetings were originally held at the old Masonic Hall, at the back of Wain's Hotel, but the lodge now meets at the Masonic Hall, Moray Place, on the second Tuesday of the month; and the installation ceremony is held in July. The principal officers for the year 1903–4 are: Messrs W. A. Wilkinson, R.W.M.; T. M. Gillies, S.W.; D. Oleghorn, J.W.; G. Ritchie, Treasurer; and D. M. Blyth, Secretary.
was initiated into Freemasonry in 1898, in his present lodge, and was installed as Right Worshipful Master in July 1903, by Mr. George Springer, R.W.D.G.M. Depute.
He has taken the Mark and Royal Arch degres; and he is also a member of the Independent Order of Oddfellows. Mr. Wilkinson was born in Auckland, and is a son of Mr. W. Wilkinson, an old colonist, now residing in Dunedin. He came to Dunedin in 1881, and is now senior partner in the firm of Messrs Wilkinson, Callon and Co., cast steel founders, who are associated with the Otago Foundry.
, Past Master of Lodge St. Andrew, No. 432, Scottish Constitution, is also Treasurer of the lodge. He was initiated in Lodge St. Andrew, No. 465, Scottish Constitution (Glasgow), and affiliated with his present lodge in 1892, when he was appointed Inner Guard. After Passing through the chairs, he was elected Worshipful Master in 1898, and re-elected in the following year for a second term, being installed on each occasion by Mr. James Gore, the District Grand Master. Mr. Ritchie, who is an enthusiastic Freemason, has taken the Mark and Royal Arch degrees, and he now fills the office of Senior Warden in the District Grand Lodge of New Zealand South. He had previously been Junior Warden for two years, and for five years was District Grand Director of Ceremonies. Mr. Ritchie was born in Argyleshire, Scotland, and came out to New Zealand in 1884. He engaged in commercial pursuits, and is now the proprietor of a large hardware emporium in George Street, Dunedin. He has been Treasurer of the Dunedin Gaelic Society, and is also a member of the Caledonian Society.
, No. 477, Scottish Constitution, was founded in 1867, and the first meeting of the lodge, held on Thursday, 17th of October, of that year, was attended by the members and twenty-four visitors. Mr. William Barron was the first Right Worshipful Master, and with him were associated the following principal officers: Messrs H. E. Glennie, Depute Master; J. Forrester, Substitute Master; John Sibbald, S.W., John Millar, J.W.; James Mills, Treasurer; and A. R. Ure, Secretary. Up to April, 1889, meetings were held at various halls, but since that time they have been conducted regularly at the Masonic Hall, Moray Place; and at the present time are held on the third Thursday of the month. The installation ceremony takes place in November. Visiting craftsmen are invariably accorded a hearty welcome, and the lodge has always been in good working order. There are now only three foundation members surviving: Messrs W. Barron, Jas. G. McLeod, and William Hooper. On the inauguration of the Grand Lodge of New Zealand Mr. Barron obtained his clearance from his clearance from his mother constitution, became an enthusiastic worker under the New Zealand banner, and was ultimately elected to the distinguished office of Grand Master for the colony. Ledge Celtic has at present 150 members, and there is a benevolent fund for their benefit, which, despite many grants, has a credit balance of £175. The position of Right Worshipful Master is held by Mr. S. McPeak, who is ably assisted by his brother officers, Messrs P. J. Helean, W.I.P.M.; W. H. Melton, W.D.M.; R. Mackenzie, W.S.M.; T. N. Baker, W.S.W.; W. H. McLeod. W.J.W.; C. Macandrew, Treasurer; and D. Cooper, Secretary.
, Right Worshipful Master of Lodge Celtic, No. 477, Scottish Constitution, was installed into his present office on the 19th of November, 1903, by Mr. George Springer, R.W.D.G.M. Depute. He had previously passed through all the chairs except those of Inner Guard and Chaplain. As an Oddfellow he has passed through all the chairs of the Leith Lodge, No. 4, Independent Order of Oddfellows, and since 1891 has held the office of treasurer. In January, 1900, he was presented by the members of his lodge with a gold albert, an illuminated address, and gold brooch, to mark their appreciation of his service. Mr. McPeak was born near Edinburgh, in 1866, and accompanied his parents to the colony in 1874, in the ship Parsee. On leaving school, in 1880, he was apprenticed to Messrs Scoullar and Chisholm, and, except for a short period in Australia, has remained with that firm ever since. Since 1894 he has filled the responsible position of foreman of their large works. Mr McPeak was a member of the North East Valley Borough Council for two years. His father, Mr. Charles McPeak, who is a distinguished Oddfellow, has filled the chair of Leith Lodge for three terms, and was for many years its treasurer.
, Worshipful Immediate Past Master of Lodge Celtic, No. 477, Scottish Constitution, was installed in that lodge in 1895. After filling the subordinate chairs he was installed as Master in November, 1902, by Mr George Springer, R.W.D.G.M. Depute. He has taken the Mark and Royal Arch degrees, and also four allied degrees. Mr. Helean is also a member of the Order of Oddfellows. He was born in Fulham, Middlesex, England, and accompanied his parents to Lyttelton in the ship “Isles of the South,” in 1873. He completed his education at Timaru, and on leaving school went to Christchurch, and learned the trade of a tailor, under Mr. Hobbs, Mr Helean removed to Dunedin in 1883, and worked for some time for Mr. James Mowatt, and for six years was manager of the New Zealand Clothing Factory. In September, 1901, he started his present business of a merchant tailor in Stafford Street, under the style of P. J. Helean and Co. Mr. Helean married a daughter of Mr. James Thompson, of Dunedin, and has ten children.
, No. 662, Scottish Constitution, was inaugurated in 1881, with Mr. E. J. Schlotel as its first Right Worshipful Grand Master. The following gentlemen have since occupied this position in the lodge: Messrs George W. Williams, James Farquharson, James Allan. F. Smith (senior), T. S. Jeffery, S. S. Myers, James Brown, James Spence, Theodore Arnold, G. Wilson, A. McLean, W. Arnstead, D. S. Munroe, W. J. Strong, and J. Abbott. Mr W. B. Anderson is present Immediate Past Master. The lodge holds its regular meetings at 8 p.m. in the Public Hall, North East Valley, on the fourth Thursday in each month, and the installation is held in the month of January. For the year 1904 the principal officers are: Messrs John Campbell, R.W.M.; B. Hadfield, S.W.; W. Brough, J.W.; and D. Munro, Secretary.
, Right Worshipful Master of Lodge St. John Kilwinning, No. 662, Scottish Constitution, was installed in office on the 28th of January, 1904, by Mr. G. Springer, R.W.D.G.M. Depute. He is also a member of the Order of Foresters. Mr. Campbell was born in Dunedin, and is a son of Mr. Malcolm Campbell, who arrived in Otago by the ship “Robert Henderson,” in 1859. He has engaged in various pursuits, and for sixteen years was connected with the dairy industry, and was president of the Dunedin and Suburban Dairy Association for the first two years of its existence. Mr. Campbell was a member of the North East Valley Borough Council for nearly twelve years, and during that period he occupied the mayoral chair for a term.
, No. 468, Irish Constitution, sprang from what remained of the late Lodge Shamrock, No. 448, Irish Constitution, and is now the only lodge working under the Irish Constitution in Dunedin. It was founded in 1881, with Mr. T. S. Graham, District Grand Master, English Constitution, as its first Worshipful Master. Meetings are held in the Masonic Hall, Moray Place, on the fourth Wednesday of every month, and the installation ceremony takes place on St. John's Day. The principal officers are: Messrs Geo. T. Race, Worshipful Master; H. W. Pascoe, Senior Warden; A. E. Usherwood, Junior Warden; C. D. Dickenson (Past Master), Treasurer; and C. E. Thomson (Past Master), Secretary.
, Worshipful Master of Lodge St. Patrick, first joined the Order in 1896, and was installed Worshipful Master on the 24th of June, 1902, by Mr. T. S. Graham, Right Worshipful Deputy Grand Master, English Constitution. On the 24th of June, 1903, Mr. J. J. Leigh, Senior Warden, was installed as Worshipful Master, but he died soon afterwards, and Mr. Race became Worshipful Master for a second term, and is at present (1904) P.G.J.D. of the Provincial Grand Lodge of Ireland. Mr Race was born in the North of England, and came to New Zealand with his parents in 1879, by the ship “Timaru.” He was educated at the district High School, Milton, learned the trade of a baker and pastry cook, and commenced business in Caversham, where he served as a member of the Borough Council. He is at present (1904) Senior Chief Ranger of Court Pride of the Leith, Ancient Order of Foresters, and is a member of the Caledonian Bowling Club, and of the Dunedin Fanciers' Club. Mr. Race married a daughter of Mr. P. D. Pollock, one of Dunedin's early settlers, and has three children.
holds its annual communications in the month of May. Principal officers for 1903–4:—Messrs Herbert J. Williams, Most Worshipful Grand Master; Alfred Bartlett, Right Worshipful Deputy Grand Master; T. J. Withers, Right Worshipful Senior Grand Warden; William Waddell, Right Worshipful Junior Grand Warden; R. O. Hamerton, President of the Board of General Purposes; H. J. Freeman, President of the Board of Benevolence; Malcolm Niccol, Most Worshipful Grand Secretary. The office of the Grand Lodge is in Johnston Street, Wellington. The Board of General Purposes meets on the fourth Thursday of the month, and the Board of Benevolence when occasion requires. Mr. John Marshall Brown is Grand Superintendent of the Otago district.
, No. 7, can in a sense trace itself back to 1860, the year of the foundation of No. 844, E.C. When the Grand Lodge of New Zealand was founded in 1890, the Worshipful Master, officers and brethren, attending a meeting duly called for the purpose, unanimously transferred their allegiance to the new Grand Lodge. Other members, however, who did not attend the meeting, including the District Grand Master of the English Constitution himself, determined to carry on the English Lodge, although the Warrant of Charter was held by those that were now transferred to New Zealand, and on their application the Grand Lodge of England granted them a Warrant of Confirmation, thus legalising their action. A good deal of controversy ensued for some years, but in the end the two lodges, being duly recognised as regular by their respective Grand Lodges, determined to accept the accomplished fact, to sink all questions of rights or wrongs, and fraternise as two distinct lodges sprung from the one original source. This agreement being happily effected, Lodge No. 7 voluntarily presented Lodge 844, E.C., with the original Warrant. The Worshipful Master at the time of the transfer was Mr. A. J. Barth, and the first elected under the Grand Lodge of New Zealand, Mr. Charles J. Ronaldson. The lodge holds its meetings in the Masonic Hall, Moray Place, on the second Wednesday in each month, and the installation takes place in October. The principal officers for the year 1903–4 are:Messrs C. E. George, Worshipful Master; J. Quaile, Senior Warden; G. L. Stewart, Junior Warden; and Maitland Gard'ner, Secretary.
, Worshipful Master of Lodge Otago, No. 7, was installed in office in October, 1903. He is also a Past Master of Lodge Maori, No. 105, New Zealand Constitution. Mr. George is a partner in the firm of Messrs Foster and George, of Dunedin.
, No. 46, New Zealand Constitution, (South Dunedin), meets regularly at the Masonic Hall, Cargill Road, on the fourth Tuesday of the month, and the installation ceremony is held in October. The principal officers for the year 1903–4 are:Messrs D. Porter, Worshipful Master; J. Wilson, Senior Warden; H. Jacobs, Junior Warden; and J. T. Laing, Secretary.
, Worshipful Master of Lodge Hiram, who was initiated in this lodge, was installed in his present office in October, 1903, by Mr. J. M. Brown, Grand Superintendent of Otago. Mr. Porter has also taken the Mark degree.
, No. 105, New Zealand Constitution, is one of the younger lodges of this constitution, and was founded at Ravensbourne in 1896. Mr. T. Ross was the first Worshipful Master, and his successors in the chair have been: Messrs S. T. Bolton, John Harold, C. E. George, George Grant, H. E. Moller, and E. Tomkinson. Meetings are held in the Public Hall, Ravensbourne,
, Worshipful Master of Lodge Maori, No. 105, New Zealand Constitution, was initiated into Freemasonry in 1899, in his present lodge. After passing through the subordinate chairs he was installed in his present office in March, 1903, by Mr. J. M. Brown, District Grand Superintendent of Otago, New Zealand Constitution. Mr. Wilson is also a member of the Independent Order of Oddfellows. He was born in Glasgow, and came to New Zealand with his parents in 1871 by the ship “Christian McCausland.” He learned the trade of a plumber, and is now established in business in the Octagon, Dunedin. Mr Wilson married a daughter of Mr. David Coutts, an old settler at Blue Spur, and has six children. He is mentioned in another section of this volume as a member of the North East Valley Borough Council.
, was founded in 1848, although it was 1857 before it was created a distinct district, and was allied to the Wellington district till that date. Meetings of the district committee are held half-yearly, at a place selected at each meeting. These meetings are composed of seventy-three delegates appointed by the thirty lodges of the district. The lodges have 3,600 members, and representation is in accordance with the number of members good on the books. The Provincial Grand Master, Provincial Deputy Grand Master, Corresponding Secretary, the last Past Provincial Grand Master, and the District Treasurer are elected annually in March, and form the committee of management for the district, meeting every alternate Tuesday, at the District Chambers, Oddfellows' Hall, Stuart Street, Dunedin. The present officers are: Provincial Grand Master, Mr. John Wilson; District Past Grand Master, Mr. J. A. Hoperaft; Provincial Treasurer, Mr. J. Robin; Provincial Past Grand Master, Mr. A. Cable.
, co-equal with similar Grand Lodges in all Australasian colonies, Europe and United States of America, to which the Sovereign Grand Lodge of America is supreme, is the governing body of its Order in New Zealand, and was established in 1862. Its registered office is Rattray Street, Dunedin. The Grand Lodge has numerous branches under its jurisdiction, all over the colony, which for purposes of representation is cut up into eight electoral districts. Sessions attended by representatives from electoral districts for legislative purposes are held biennially in different centres. The Order bears the palm as being one of the soundest institutions in Australasia, actuarial investigations showing substantial surpluses. Its membership is about 1,330,000. The officers for 1903–5 are: Grand Master, Mr. A. Small; Deputy Grand Master, Mr D. M. Miller; Grand Warden, Mr T. Crawley; Grand Secretary, Mr. William Reid; Grand Treasurer, Mr. J. S. Alexander.
, Grand Master of the Independent Order of Oddfellows in New Zealand, was born in the year 1855, at Grahamston Stirlingshire, Scotland. His father was an engineer and blacksmith. In the latter part of 1855 the family emigrated to Victoria, Australia, and remained there five years. They then returned to Scotland, where they remained nine months, and then left for Dunedin, New Zealand. In the early part of 1862, the family settled at Otaki, where Mr. Small has resided ever since. He was educated at the Otaki Maori College. In 1888 he joined the Independent Order of Oddfellows as one of the charter members of Otaki Lodge, No. 50. He passed through the chairs in 1890, became a Past Grand in 1891; was appointed District Deputy Grand Master for Wellington Central in 1892, and as such attended the Wellington Grand Lodge session of 1893; was elected a representative for Wellington South, and attended the Grand Lodge session held in Dunedin in 1895. He was there appointed Grand Chaplain, (still holding the position of D.D.G.M. for Wellington Central), and as such he attended the session held in Palmerston North in 1897. Mr. Small was out of office for two years, and then he was elected representative for Wellington North in 1899, when he attended the Temuka session, where he was elected Grand Warden, and became one of the Executive. In 1901 he was elected Deputy Grand Master at the Invercargill session, and Grand Master at the Auckland session of 1903. Mr. Small was a warden of Otaki and Te Horo Road Boards for three years, and for nine years chairman of the Te Horo Road Board. He was elected to the Horowhenua Council in 1885, and held office for two terms—six years—during one of which he was elected chairman. He was also a member of the Horowhenua Licensing Bench under the old Act for three years, during which he occupied the chair. Mr. Small has also been secretary and chairman of the Otaki school committee, and was appointed a Justice of the Peace in 1888. He is a member of the Church of England, and is a farmer by occupation.
, Deputy Grand Master of the Grand Lodge of the Independent Order of Oddfellows, joined the Order in June, 1883, as a member of Leith Lodge. In 1885 he was elected to the chair of Noble Grand, the highest position in the power of the lodge to bestow. In January, 1886, he became a Past Grand, his name being placed on the merit board. In May of that year he was elected secretary of his lodge, a position he holds to the present day (probably a record). In March, 1891, he was elected by the South Otago district to represent it in the Grand Lodge. He attended the Christchurch session held that year, and was appointed Grand Guardian. In 1892 he took an active part in the reorganisation of the Encampment branch of the Order, and was elected Scribe; an office which he held over three years. In 1893 he was reelected as a representative of South Otago district in the Grand Lodge, and attended that year a session held in Wellington. In 1894 he was elected Degree Master
, Grand Secretary of the Grand Lodge, Independent Order of Oddfellows of New Zealand, was born in Ayrshire, Scotland, in 1845. He was educated at the Glasgow Collegiate school, and came to Port Chalmers in the ship “Arima,” of which he was purser. After a year in the office of Messrs. Cargill and Co., he entered the service of Messrs Mills, Dick and Co., and subsequently formed one of the party who published the “Otago Daily News” on co-operative principles. Returning to Messrs. Mills, Dick and Co., he continued with them till establishing business on his own account as a land agent. In 1877 he was elected to the important office he still holds under the Grand Lodge. Mr. Reid was married in 1872 to a daughter of Mr. Charles Reid, one of the earliest settlers, and has two sons and four daughters. He is further referred to in another part of this volume as an accountant, land and estate agent.
was established in Otago in 1860, with Court Pride of Dunedin as its first court. Courts were soon opened in other parts of the district, and in 1863 the various bodies were united for purposes of government. There are now (1904) twenty-six courts in the province, with a large and increasing membership. The finances of the body are in good condition, and a large sum is distributed annually in the shape of sick and funeral benefits.
was instituted in 1863, as a central governing body for the various courts throughout the province. It is composed of representatives sent by the provincial courts, and there are about fifty delegates for the year 1903–4. The delegates meet annually for the election of the District Executive, and the final authorisation of business presented by that body for the previous year. The Executive, which consists of six members, meets monthly—and more frequently if occasion demands—for the discussion of business tendered by the courts. The members of Executive for the year 1903–4 are: Mr. Alexander Swanson, District Chief Ranger; Mr. William Black, Immediate Past District Chief Ranger; Mr. John Hope, District Treasurer; Mr. W. A. Young, District Beadle; and Mr. James Macfie, District Secretary.
, Immediate Past District Chief Ranger for the year 1903–4, joined Court Pride of the Leith in 1894, and, after passing through all the offices in his court, was, in 1900, elected District Beadle. In 1901 he was elected District Sub-Chief Ranger, in 1902 District Chief Ranger, and in 1903 he assumed his present office. Mr. Black was born in Dunedin in November, 1875, and is a son of a miner who arrived in Otago at the opening up of the goldfields.
He was educated at the George Street public school, and when fifteen years of age was apprenticed to the grocery trade. He subsequently “became manager in the grocery department of Messrs R. and J. McFarlane's Princes Street shop. In October, 1902, he was engaged to manager the grocery department of the Mutual Co-operative Stores, which were then being established in Maclaggan Street. Mr. Black is President for the year 1903–4 of the Otago Grocers' Assistants' Industrial Union of Workers, and is an active member of the various athletic bodies connected with the trade. He was the first treasurer of the Dunedin Friendly Societies' Council, and has always taken a keen interest in matters of a social nature. Mr. Black was married in January, 1902, to Miss Annie C. Mason, at that time Past Chief Ranger of Court Woodland's Pride, and has one daughter.
, District Secretary to the United Otago District of the Ancient Order of Foresters, joined Court Pride of the Leith, No. 3992, in 1870, and in the following year was made secretary of his court. In 1874–5 he filled the office of District Chief Ranger to the United Otago District; three years later he was elected Treasurer to the same body, and in 1903 he succeeded to his present position. Mr. Macfie was born in Rothesay, Isle of Bute, Scotland, in 1848, and was brought up as a gardener. He arrived in Dunedin by the ship “Silistria,' in 1867, and after following his trade for some time he commenced business as a coal merchant, thus laying the foundation of the present firm of Messrs Macfie and Co., of which he is general manager. Mr. Macfie was the founder of the Dunedin United Friendly Societies' Dispensary, which has become one of the most popular and prosperous pharmacies in Dunedin.
was founded in 1897, and is the governing body of the Order for Otago and Southland. Its establishment gave a great impetus to the Order, which during the past six years has doubled its membership. The District Grand Lodge consists of about twenty-four representatives, and from these are constituted the Board of Management and the Executive. The registered office of the Order is at Bond Street, Dunedin. Monthly meetings of the Board are held there for business purposes, and in February the annual meeting of the whole body for the election of officers is held. The present officers are: D.G. President, Mr. William Hopkins; D.G. Vice-President, Mr. E. Kellet; D.G. Secretary, Mr. David Larnach; D.G. Treasurer, Mr. W. O. Evans; and D.G. Guardian, Mr. E. J. Bryant.
, J.P., District Grand Secretary for the District Grand Lodge of Otago and Southland, has been connected with the United Ancient Order of Druids since 1883. He first joined on the opening of the West Harbour Lodge, of which he was appointed secretary, and still holds that position. Mr. Larnach became a member of the District Grand Lodge on its foundation, in 1897; in 1899 he was elected to the Executive, and became Grand Secretary the same year. Mr. Larnach was born in Arbroath, Scotland, in 1852, educated at Mr. Walker's school in his native town, and afterwards apprenticed to the wholesale and retail provision, wine and spirit business, in connection with which he was engaged for some years at Arbroath, and latterly at Dundee, as representing Mr. John Clash. He arrived in Dunedin, in 1878, by the ship “Canterbury,” and after being for several years engaged in commercial life in Dunedin and Wellington, was appointed town clerk of West Harbour in 1888. In 1899 he resigned that post, and for several months was manager, in Dunedin for Messrs Sievwright Brothers, and then entered business on his own account as a sharebroker, accountant, land estate and commission agent As a Freemason, Mr. Larnach is connected with Lodge Maori, No. 105, New Zealand Constitution, of which he is Senior Warden, and Worshipful Master Elect. He represents the Druids on the Otago and Southland Friendly Societies' Council, is a member of the West Harbour Borough Council, was secretary of the West Harbour regatta committee for many years, is secretary to the Dunedin Horticultural Society, returning officer to the Harbour Board for the boroughs of North East Valley, and West Harbour, and holds a large number of commercial appointments. In 1892 Mr. Larnach was appointed deputy returning officer at the general election and local option poll, and in the following year was deputy returning officer for the election of the licensing committee. He was married, in 1880, to Miss I. S. Taylor, and has two sons and five daughters.
, No. 113, was established in 1880, by Messrs Alexander McLennan, J. G. Clark, Patrick Carroll, W. Jones, W. Bethune, S. E. Brooks, and others. In 1881 the Gladstone Lodge, No. 115, which had been established in 1880, was amalgamated with Ivanhoe Lodge. The benefit side of this lodge is well worthy of note. The accumulated funds are £2,004; the subscription per week is about Is, and the benefit in case of disablement is £1 per week for the first six months, 10s. per week for the next six months, and 5s per week till convalescent. In the case of the death of a male member £20 is paid to his widow, and in the case of the death of the latter £10 is paid, if registration has been effected previously. The membership of the lodge is 210. Meetings are held fortnightly for business purposes, and half-yearly for the election of officers. Officers elected in November, 1903: Arch Druid, Mr. Robert Bruce; Vice-Arch, Mr. A. D. Thomson; Secretary, Mr. E. A. Gibson; Treasurer, Mr. G. F. Hutchinson.
, who was elected Arch Druid in the Ivanhoe Lodge, No. 113, in November, 1903, joined that lodge in February, 1902. He was Vice-Arch Bard for two terms, Vice-Arch for one term, and immediately thereafter succeeded to his present office. Mr. Bruce was born in May, 1832, in Dunedin, was educated at the local public schools, and apprenticed to the cutting department in the tailoring trade. For one year he was employed in the “Zealandia.” and for seven years he has been engaged with his present employer, Mr. J. H. Tennant. Mr. Bruce is a member of the Dunedin Choral Society, and is a member of the
, Secretary to the Ivanhoe Lodge, No. 113, joined the Order in 1899, when he became a member of his present lodge. He was elected secretary in October, 1900. Mr. Gibson was born in Barbadoes. West Indies, in November, 1865, and attended the Church of England school till he was fourteen years of age. He then entered upon a seafaring life as a steward. and after serving some time in trading vessels, in the Atlantic and the Mediterranean, he sailed in the ship “Sabraun” for Australia, where he arrived in 1880. He was subsequently employed in the Huddart, Parker and Howard Smith Steam Ship Companies, and in 1883 joined the Union Steamship Company, in whose service, four years later, he became chief steward on the “Mahinapua,” then trading round the New Zealand coast. In 1891 Mr. Gibson resigned, and after engaging in various commercial pursuits he established his present business as a bootmaker in Great King Street. As a Freemason, Mr. Gibson is a member of Lodge St, Andrew, 432, S.O. He takes a keen interest in music, is a member of the Choral Society, and for five years has been a member of All Saints' choir.
, Middle Island. This lodge was established in 1863, and is the governing body of the Orange Institution of the Middle Island of New Zealand. It possesses the supreme authority, alone can enact, alter, or repeal the laws and regulations of the institution, and has control also over many other matters of minor importance with the subordinate lodges and individual members. The Grand Lodge is composed of the Grand Master, the Deputy Grand Master, the Grand Secretary, Grand Chaplains (not exceeding six), Deputy Grand Secretaries, Grand Treasurers, Deputy Grand Treasurers, two Grand Auditors, the Grand Committee, all Past Grand Masters, the Masters, the Deputy Masters, Secretaries, and Treasurers of the District Lodges; Masters and Secretaries of private ledges; proxies appointed by West Coast and Nelson Lodges, and the brethren appointed as Grand Lodge Instructors to the lodges for women. The Grand Lodge meets annually, in the month of December, at one or other of the centres in the Island, and other meetings of the body are arranged as occasion requires. The Executive holds periodical meetings for the discussion of matters of importance to the institutions, and special meetings of this body frequently take place. The officers elected in December, 1903, were: Grand Master, Mr. J. Middleton; Grand Secretary, Mr. Thomas Brown. The Immediate Past Grand Master is Mr. J. M. Innes.
, Immediate Past Grand Master of the Grand Lodge for the Middle Island, of the Orange Institution, has been connected with the Order for several years. In 1900 he became a member of Lodge No. 21, No Surrender, and shortly afterwards was made assistant secretary of that body. In 1902 he was elected Grand Master of the Grand Lodge, and in the following year succeeded to his present office. Mr. Innes was born at Royndie, Banffshire, Scotland, in 1849, and was educated at public schools there. He was subsequently apprenticed to the tailoring trade at the village of Cornhill in his native shire, and, on attaining his majority, in 1870, he sailed for New Zealand, thinking thereby to improve his commercial position. Since his arrival in the colony, Mr. Innes has resided constantly in Otago, and stuck to his original trade till 1903, when he established a temperance hotel, known as Innes' Private Hotel, at 51 George Street, Dunedin. Mr. Innes was for some time a member of the Clutha licensing committee, of the Tapanui Borough Council, and of the Clinton Town Board. In connection with social reform and temperance work, he is known throughout the province as a platform speaker of considerable power.
, who was elected Grand Secretary of the Grand Orange Lodge of New Zealand for the Middle Island, in December, 1902, and was re-elected in the following year, has been connected with the Orange Institution since 1898. He first joined Lodge No. 21 No Surrender, of which a few months later he became secretary, and in October, 1901, he assisted in founding Lodge No. 39, True Blues. Of this lodge he was immediately made secretary, and in the latter part of 1902, was made Worshipful Master. He was appointed Deputy Grand Secretary for the Grand Lodge in the same year, and in 1903 was elected to his present post. Mr. Brown was born at Burra Burra, South Australia, in 1866, and was educated in the public schools at Ballarat, where his parents had taken up their residence in the early seventies. After leaving school, Mr. Brown took up engineering, and was subsequently employed amongst machinery till 1897, in which year he arrived in Dunedin. Immediately on his arrival he was engaged by the Dunedin City Corporation, and has since remained in its service. Mr. Brown was for three years and a half a member
, New Zealand Constitution, was established in the early eighties. It is a social organisation, its objects being the protection of Protestant principles and the payment of benefits to members. The Alliance has a governing body known as the Grand Lodge, and there are numerous subordinate lodges. The first lodge established in Dunedin was Lodge Valley True Blue, No. 11.
, No. 11, was established in 1883 by Messrs Walker, Binnie, Henderson, and others. It now possesses about sixty members, and is steadily increasing. The lodge meets fortnightly for business purposes, and annually for the election of officers, the meetings being held in the Oddfellows' Hall, Albany Street. Officers for the year 1904: Worshipful Master, Mr. Charles E. Taylor; Deputy Master, Mr. Thomas Brown; Secretary, Mr. John Jardine; Treasurer, Mr. E-. A. Finder.
, Secretary to Lodge Valley True Blue, No. 11, joined that lodge in 1889, and became secretary in 1895. Mr. Jardiue was born in Alloa, Clackmansanshire, Scotland, in 1854, and immediately on leaving- school entered upon a seafaring life. For twelve years he was employed on board trading vessels, and during that time he traversed every sea, and visited almost every important port in the world. In 2880 he arrived in Port Chalmers. For two years subsequently he was engaged trading round the New Zealand coast, and to the South Seas, and in 1882 he joined the Railway Department in Oamaru. After holding 'the positions of porter and shunter at Oamaru and Dunedin, he became signalman at the latter centre. Mr, Jardine has for several years been secretary to the Otago Branch of the Amalgamated Society of Railway Servants.
is one of the four centres, which, affiliated, form the New Zealand Amateur Athletic Association, the history and functions of which are described at pages 212–213 in the Canterbury volume of this work. For many years the various Amateur Athletic Clubs in the colony were directly represented in the New Zealand Amateur Athletic Association. which then, as now, was their governing body. This mode of representation, however, was found to be unsatisfactory, and late in 1902 the Dunedhi Harriers brought forward a proposal to establish a Centre in Dunedin. with representatives from each of the clubs in the province, and through which, by means of delegates From the Centre, the clubs should be represented in the New Zealand Amateur Athletic Association. The proposal immediately met with great favour and in February, 1903. the Otago Centre became a registered body. The Bystem of representation through the medium of responsible centres was so successful that, within a few months of its introduction in Otago, it was adopted in Auckland, Christchurch, and Wellington, so that the New Zealand Amateur Athletic Association is now (1904) composed of delegates from these bodies. The Otago Centre consists of about sixteen delegates from the various Otago Clubs, the number of representatives sent by each club being regulated by membership. Business meetings of the centre are held monthly, and there is an annual meeting for the election of officers. Officers elected in 1903: President, Mr. H. B. Courtis; Honorary Secretary, Mr. F. A. Webb; Honorary Treasurer, Mr. A. Cannon.
was formed in 1885 for the purpose of promoting athletic sports, games, etc. The management of the club is vested in a president, six vice-presidents, a secretary, a treasurer, and a committee of seven members. Evening meetings are held in the Carisbrook grounds, and the annual sports meeting takes place in the month of October. The club has about 100 members. Officers for the year 1903–4: President, Mr. H. B. Courtis; Secretary, Mr. Hamann; Treasurer, Mr. T. R. Gordon.
. Secretary of the Dunedin Amateur Athletic Club, was born in Dunedin in September, 1875, and educated at the public schools. He is at present (1904) accountant in the firm of Messrs Dey and Stokes.
(League of New Zealand Wheelmen) was inaugurated on the 29th of September, 1899. It comprises delegates from all affiliated cycling clubs and sporting and athletic clubs, that encourage cycling, and are affiliated to the league. Permits are issued to sporting bodies to hold cycling races at their meetings. The centre also issues cash and amateur licenses, and sees that the rules of the governing body are carried out. A consul is elected, who attends all sports meetings, and sees that the conditions are complied with. Officebearers for 1903–4: President, Mr. W. J. Moore; Consul, Mr. H. B. Courtis; Handi-capper, Mr. S. D. Minn; Honorary Secretary and Treasurer, Mr. John R. Wilson; Delegate to League Council, Mr. D. Woods.
was founded in 1881, by Mr. William Melville, and has now over 100 members. Years ago, when all cyclists were amateurs, this club had some of the most successful racing men in the colony amongst its members, notably. Mr. R. Crow, who won a number of championship races, and Messrs R. Emerson and W. B. Bell, who upheld the prestige of the club at all its meetings. The present officers are: President, Dr. Stanley Batchelor; Captain. Mr. S. D. Minn; Hcnorary Secretary and Treasurer, Mr. F. T. Anderson. The club holds its annual meeting in March.
was founded in 1892 to encourage cycling, club runs, sports, etc. It holds a sports meeting every year, and offers prizes aggregating about £75. Those who have competed at past meetings have included Mr. W. Martin, the brilliant cyclist from America; Mr. Sutherland, the New Zealand crack; and others of more or less repute. During the winter months, billiard and euchre tournaments are held at the club rooms, and musical evenings are arranged, and members thus derive much benefit socially from their connection with the club. Officials: President, Mr. H. B. Courtis; Vice-Presidents, Dr. Stephenson, Messrs S. S. Myers. W. Begg, S. Solomon, H. Gunthrop, and S. Q. Stokes; Captain, Mr. G. Nelson; Honorary Treasurer, Mr. F. J. Townsend; Honorary Secretary, Mr. John R. Wilson.
, Honorary Secretary of the Otago Cycling Club, and of the Otago Centre of the League of New Zealand Wheelmen, was born in Glasgow, Scotland in 1875. He arrived in Wellington in 1879, by the steamer “British Queen,” and finished his education at the Port Chalmers District High School. Mr. Wilson is a member of the Otago Referees' Association, and the Otago Labour Day Association, and was assistant secretary and superintendent of sports to the Labour Day Association. In December, 1896, he was placed in charge of the Otago Cycling Club's team to compete against Southland in the Ten-Mile Team Race at Invercargill, and, through his efforts as trainer, the individual members of the team were successful in winning nearly every race they competed in, besides collectively winning the Team Race. Mr. Wilson also trained Mr. O. Horne, the winner of the Three-Mile Championship of Southland. As a member of the Ancient Order of Foresters Mr. Wilson
were formed into a club on the 9th of May, 1899, at the instance of Mr. R. J. Jackson (late of the Manchester Harriers), who had come to reside in the colony, and the first run took place on Saturday, the 20th of May, 1839. To Mr. Jackson's energy and enthusiasm, during the early years of the club, is mainly due the strong position which the Dunedin Harriers and the three other harrier clubs in Dunedin hold at the present time. The object of the club is to promote cross-country running, and that it has been successful in this is shown by the fact that, besides those in Dunedin, there are two clubs in Christchurch, one in Invercargill, one
, Captain of the Dunedin Harriers, was born in Otago in 1875, and educated at the Bannockburn public school and the Dunedin Boys' High School. He has always taken a great interest in athletics, has been connected with the Dunedin Harriers since 1900, and has held the office of captain two seasons—1901 and 1903.
He is also a member of the Albion Cricket Club. Mr. Spence was married, in 1901, and has been in the service of Messrs Paterson and Barr, wholesale ironmongers, since 1832.
This association was formed on the 11th of September, 1900, with Mr. J. W. Smith as its first president. The object of the association is to act as a controlling body to govern and promote gymnastics in general throughout Otago and New Zealand. With this end in view, the association inaugurated a team's competition, in which each competing club is represented by a team of six men. These competitions cause great interest, and have done much to promote gymnastics in Otago. The first two years the High School Old Boys' Club teams proved the winners, and were entitled to hold the association's banner. In the year 1902 the Mornington club's men were the winners, but in 1903 the Dunedin club secured the coveted position. A second grade competition has been provided for those gymnasts who are not quite good enough to perform in the first grade competitions, and this also was won, in 1903, by a team from the Dunedin club. The prime mover in founding the Otago Gymnastic Association was Mr. F. C. Leggins, and he has also been the originator of many of the competitions and displays held under the auspices of the association. What Mr. Leggins has done in the way of organisation, Mr. W. H. Matthews has done in respect to training, and many of Dunedin's best gymnasts owe their proficiency to his able instruction. In 1903 the association held an Individual Championship, open to all amateur gymnasts in Otago; it was won easily by Mr. W. H. Matthews, with H. G. Siedeberg as a good second. The association has two ladies' clubs affiliated to it, and good work is being done by the lady gymnasts, some of whom are exceedingly clever. The present president of the association, Mr. J. A. Park, has assisted in many ways to promote the growth of gymnastics in Dunedin. Messrs J. W. Smith and W. Davidson, the two vice-presidents, are also cordial supporters. Mr. W. Beadel is the Honorary Treasurer of the association, and Mr. E. S. Wilson, Honorary Secretary.
was founded in 1893. It is composed of delegates from the different rowing clubs, and directs and manages all the boat racing held in the province. President, Mr. James Mills; Honorary Secretary and Treasurer, Mr. C. R. Gooch.
. Office-bearers for 1904: Patron, Hon. George McLean, M.L.C.; President, Mr. John White; Vice-Presidents, Messrs L. R. Wilson, C. P. M. Butterworth, and H. A. LeCren; Captain, Mr. L. L. Kirkcaldy; Deputy-Captain, Mr. M. H. Priest; Honorary Treasurer, Mr. C. E. Stratham; Honorary Secretary, Mr. Philip H. Ham; Honorary Assistant Secretary, Mr. J. W. Matthewson; Honorary Auditor, Mr. F. W. P. Jackson. The Otago Rowing Club was the first club of its kind in Dunedin, and was formed on the 8th of October, 1873, with a membership of ten, which soon increased to twenty-five. At present (1901) the number of members on the roll, consisting of active, honorary and life, is 120, and increases every year. The first captain was Mr. J. C. Boddington, and first secretary and treasurer, Mr. E. W. Muir. The first boat the club possessed was the “Lurline,” an inrigged four-oared gig; and the “Syren” was the second boat owned by the Otago Rowing Club. The plant of the club now consists of: 1 best and best convertible pair; 1 best and best single sculler; 2 clinker pairs; 2 convertible clinker pairs; 1 practice pair; 2 stump scullers; 2 outrigger fours; 2 four-oar practice tubs; 2 pleasure boats; 1 new clinker racing four Fuller); and 1 new convertible pair and double sculler (Norton). The following cups are competed for annually, and cause much rivalry amongst the members: Matheson's Junior Fours Cup; Walter's Fours Cup; Thompson's Fours Cup; Ladies' Challenge Cup; Ravensbourne Fours Cup; Wright's Double Sculling Challenge Cup. The club has passed through some very hard and trying times, but, thanks to the efforts and loyal support of the senior members, who have stood by it in times of adversity, it is at present on the road to success, and only careful and prudent management is now required. The club is entirely free of any liabilities, and has a
. President, Mr. S. S. Myers; Vice-Presidents, Drs. Closs and Fulton; Treasurer, Mr. G. D. Wright; Secretary, Mr. M. A. Allan. This club has a membership of seventy-five. Some of the best oarsmen in Dunedin are its members, and represent it at all regattas held in the province. At the Port Chalmers regatta, of 1903, the North End Boating Club came third in the prize list, and won the maiden, double sculls, and junior double sculls. The club possesses the only eight-oar clinker boat in Dunedin, which was presented to them by Mr. S. S. Myers, the president. Prizes are given every month by the president, vice-presidents, and other supporters of the club for competition. The boat-house, at the foot of Frederick Street, is a wooden building, comfortably fitted up with dressing rooms, lockers, bathrooms, and a social hall, where members enjoy themselves during the long winter evenings.
, Secretary of the North End Boating Club, was born in Dunedin in 1882, and educated at the Albany Street school and the Otago Boys' High School. He entered the warehouse of Messrs R. Wilson and Co., merchants, with whom he remained for two years, when he left to join his father in the grocery and provision business, known as that of Allan and Smith, Great King Street.
was established about 1889 by a number of prominent Dunedin yachtsmen, notably Messrs William Sligo, S. S. Myers, and E. B. Hayward. The property of the club, consisting of a section with the slip, is situated at North Dunedin. The fleet comprises about thirty-five yachts of various classes, and some very good race meetings are held during the year. The officers for the year 1903–4 are: Commodore, Mr. H. F. Neese; Secretary, Mr. H. M Ewing; Treasurer, Mr. A. J. Sinclair.
. President, Mr. C. F. Greenslade; Vice-Presidents, Messrs T. Scott, W. L. Hooper, J. A. Park, and Dr. Roberts; Captain, Mr. D. M. Stuart; Deputy-Captain, Mr. W. Johnstone; Honorary Treasurer, Mr. E. C. Hutton; Honorary Secretary, Mr. F. Scales. The Dunedin Amateur Swimming Club owes its origin to Messrs Napier Bell, Allan Sims, and R. Bolton, and was founded in 1899 with a membership of about twenty. Its progress has been such that at the present time it has a roll of 460 members, including sixty ladies. In 1902 the club took over Morgan's warm salt water baths, on a one year's lease, and at an annual meeting held in October, 1903, the members decided to renew the lease for three years, dating from November, 1903. The club has turned out some of the best swimmers in the colony, and one of them, Mr. H. A. Creaghe, holds the 100 yards and 440 yards championships of New Zealand, won at Lyttelton Dock on the 1st of January, 1904, from the best swimmers in New Zealand. The baths are patronised by most of the schools' at the north end of the city, and upwards of 700 children, under instructors, were taught the art of swimming during the season of 1903–4. There are two baths on the premises; one an open one of 100 feet by 60 feet, in which the water has just the chill taken off, and one covered-in, 60 feet by 30 feet, in which the water is kept at about 88 or 90 degrees. The club has n number of challenge cups and trophies, which are held for annual competition.
, Captain of the Dunedin Amateur Swimming Club, and grandson of the late Rev. Dr. Stuart, was born in Dunedin in 1880, and educated at the George Street school and the Otago Boys' High School. On leaving school he entered the firm of Messrs G. L. Denniston and Co., merchants, with whom he now holds a responsible position. Mr. Stuart is an active member of the Pirates' Football Club and of the Albion Cricket Club. In 1902 he was unanimously elected captain of the Dunedin Amateur Swimming Club, and is held in high esteem by all his fellow members.
, Honorary Secretary of the Dunedin Amateur Swimming Club, was born in Lincolnshire, England, in 1875, and arrived in New Zealand in 1895. For the first year after his arrival he filled the position of cash-clerk with the Dunedin Tramway Company, and left that service to accept a position as traveller for the Anglo-New Zealand Cycle Company. Afterwards,
(South Island) was founded in 1886, with its headquarters in Dunedin. The objects of the association are to control bowling law and to hold annual tournaments, at which all the affiliated clubs are invited to compete. At its inception the association controlled ten clubs, and the present number of clubs under its jurisdiction is twenty-nine, with a probable early increase to thirty-three. The first president was the late Mr. Thomas Callender, and the first vice-president, Mr. John L. Butterworth. Office-bearers for 1903–4: President, Mr. P. L. Gilkinson; Vice-President, Mr. J. C. Maddison; Honorary Treasurer, Mr. C. S. Patersen; Honorary Secretary, Mr. G. L. Stewart; and Honorary Auditor, Mr. F. Peake.
was established in 1885. Its first president was Mr. E. Quick, who still takes an active interest in the club. Another pioneer of the club is Mr. B. Throp, an active member, and an enthusiast in all matters pertaining to chess. The club rooms, which occupy a central position in Liverpool Street, are well lighted, and connected by telephone. Mr. James Crow is President, and Mr. John H. P. Hamel, Secretary.
is the controlling body of cricket in Otago, In 1903 “the colony was visited by Lord Hawke's team, which played a match against the Otago Eleven and the South. Island team in Dunedin; both matches were under the management of the Otago Cricket Association, and both had satisfactory financial results. With a view to improving the cricket of young players, the association has engaged a professional coach from England. Annual interprovincial matches are played with Canterbury and Southland, and cause much interest, and tend to give the game an impetus. Otago has some very capable all-round cricketers; such as G. G. Austin, J. Baker, A. Downes, A. H. Fisher, H. G. Siedeberg, C. E. Howden, F. Williams, A. E. Geddis, and others. The game is becoming more popular each year, and with more frequent visits from Australia and English teams, its popularity and the proficiency of local players will both gain.
was formed in the year 1892. It has won the Junior Shield on three occasions, and the Third Class Championship twice. The club has the largest playing strength in Otago, probably in New Zealand. Its present president is Mr. T. S. Graham, who is an ardent supporter of the clubs and the game. Mr. E. S. Wilson has been honorary secretary of the club for the past six years, and has rendered good service in that capacity.
was established in 1881 to control and foster Rugby football in Otago. All the football clubs in Otago, including the senior, junior, third grade, and school teams, are affiliated to the union. The present officers are: President, Mr. James Hutchison; Vice-Presidents, Messrs F. H. Campbell, M.A., A. C, Hanlon, G. McLaren, and Dr. J. W. W. Hunter; Treasurer, Mr. H. Harris; Secretary, Mr. George Smith.
. President, Mr. S. S. Myers; Honorary Treasurer, Mr. J. D. Clark; Honorary Secretary, Mr. P. Braithwaite. This association controls seven senior clubs, nine junior clubs, seven third grade, five Wednesday teams, and thirteen school teams.
was formed in 1879, at a time when tennis was one of the main sports in and about Dunedin. Nevertheless, through lack of interest, want of ground, and a succession of wet summers, tennis took a backward step, and many clubs which then belonged to the association ceased to exist. Bines then some clubs have been formed, but they have not remained in existence very long. At the time of its inception the association had under its control about twelve clubs, the chief of which were the Carisbrook, Otago, Oamaru and Invercargill clubs. The first-named of these has been out of existence for a very considerable time. The association now has under its control nine clubs; namely, Ex-High School, Invercargill, Kaituna, Lawrence, Oamaru, Otago, Port Chalmers, Roslyn and Waikouaiti. In order to foster interest in the game the association holds flag matches during the season between, the various town clubs, and at Easter there is an annual tournament, for which a large number of entries from the various clubs. and also from outside clubs, are received. The association is affiliated
links, with a full course of eighteen holes, are situated at Balmasewan, Maori Hill, and cover an area of fifty-five acres of freehold, and forty acres of leasehold land. The club house is also at Maori Hill. Officers for 1903–4: President, Mr. J. H. Hosking; Captain, Mr. Andrew Todd; Secretary and Treasurer, Mr. George M. Maclean.
held its first meeting on the 29th of April, 1885, and its object is to improve the breeding in poultry, pigeons, canaries and dogs. The total membership in 1885 was thirty, but now (1904) there are over 120 members. A show is held annually in the Garrison Hall, Dunedin, and at the 1903 exhibition the entries were: Poultry, 483; pigeons, 72; canaries, 78; dogs, 150. Mr. W. P. Street was the first president, and the officers for 1903–4 are: Patrons, Hon. George McLean and Mr. S. S. Myers; President, Mr. J. A. Park; Vice-Presidents, Messrs it, Fergusson, J. Kerr, E. Webster and J. Rose; Honorary Veterinary Surgeons, Messrs W. D. Snowball and J. Wilkie; Honorary Treasurer, Mr E. Webster; Secretary, Mr. R. A. Crawshaw, who has been connected with the club since it was first formed.
was formed about the year 1895, for the purpose of encouraging the rearing of good birds, and thereby promoting the sport. The club has been fortunate in having such enthusiastic members as Messrs S. S, Myers, Hayne and J. C. Short. About fifteen competitive matches are held annually. Some of the distances flown have been very considerable, and upon several occasions high speed has been recorded. The officers for the year 1903–1 are: President, Mr. J. C. Short; Secretary, Mr. W. Tattersfield; Treasurer, Mr. J, Blacke.
, The first jockey club in Dunedin—the Otago Jockey Club was formed in 1860, and seven or eight years later it merged in the present club. Several sets of rules were drawn up by the late Mr. Sydney James, who held office in both clubs for so many years; but latterly the rules adopted by the whole of the metropolitan clubs have been in force. At first races were held at Silverstream; but in 1871 the club moved to Forbury racecourse, and used it for the various meetings. Finding the expenses of conducting racing at Forbury so heavy, the Dunedin Jockey Club purchased 150 acres of land at Wingatui, on the main south line of railway, about eight miles south of Dunedin, and there has a racecourse. The amount of stakes to be run for, season by season, has varied, but of late years the stakes have averaged from £7,000 to £10,000. The Dunedin Jockey Club has about thirty clubs under its jurisdiction.
, who is a Steward of the Dunedin Jockey Club, was born in 1854 in Melbourne, educated at the South Melbourne Grammar School, and brought up to the saddlery trade. After completing his term of apprenticeship he came to Dunedin in 1874. Mr. Short had charge of Mr. C. Moore's factory in Dunedin for thirteen years, but resigned in 1887 to commence business as proprietor of the Glasgow Hotel, bettor known as “The Shades.” After conducting this house for ten years, he took the Terminus Hotel, and subsequently retired from the business. Mr. Short's father, an old Victorian who arrived in that Colony in 1841, was many years a hotel-keeper in Melbourne, and the subject of this sketch had considerable experience with horses, of which he took full advantage, Mr. Short is a steward of the Tahuna Park Trotting Club, and belongs to the Licensed Victuallers' Association, of which he is president. As a Freemason he is a Mark Master, and is attached to Lodge Otago, No. 844, E.C.; he is also an unattached Oddfellow. He is considerably interested in gold-dredging, and is a director of a number of successful dredging companies.
, Secretary to the Dunedin Jockey Club, and the Tahuna Park Trotting Club, is a, son of the late Mr. Sydney James. He was born in 1866 in Dunedin, where he was educated at private schools and at the Boys' High School. Mr. James entered, his father's office on leaving school, and became assistant secretary to the Dunedin Jockey Club, and on the death of his father he was appointed secretary. In 1891 Mr, James was married to a daughter of Mr. A. Sharp, farmer, of Invercargill, and has one son and one daughter.
, one of the founders of the Dunedin Jockey Club, was for several years its president, and vice-president for many years, He was born in 1830 at Everton, Nottingham, England, educated at Nearfield House academy, Bawtry, Yorkshire, and was brought up to agricultural pursuits, his father being a landed proprietor and well known “sport.” Inheriting his father's sporting characteristics, ho engaged a good deal in hunting in his early days, and for two years was huntsman to the Sandhurst hounds. For a long time before leaving the Old Country, Mr. Stephenson was inspired by a desire to wander and see the world. He eventually entered into an engagement—as one of twenty picked men—to go to Russia as a farm bailiff; but, getting this arrangement cancelled, he came out to Melbourne in the ship “Falcon” in 1852. After two years' experience at the Victorian gold diggings, he engaged in business as a stock dealer till 1861, when he settled in Dunedin, under employment with Messrs Jones, Bird and Co., stock and station agents; for about a year. He afterwards joined Messrs Wright, Robertson and Co., and became auctioneer to that firm in 1883. He soon became a member of the firm, the style of which was changed to Wright, Stephenson and Co. At the time of his death, on the 9th of August, 1900, he was
, sometime Secretary of the Dunedin Jockey Club, and then the oldest secretary of any racing club in the Australasian colonies, was born in Staffordshire, England, on the 3rd of January, 1825, Mr. James's brother was a justice of the pence and deputy lieutenant of Stafford, but lie himself was apprenticed as a factor to his own relatives in Walsall, where he served seven years. In May 1849, Mr. James landed in Adelaide, South Australia, but having decided to enter into business as a wholesale saddler and saddlers' ironmonger, he shortly afterwards returned to England. In 1852, Mr. James commenced business in Melbourne under the style of Loader, James and Co.; his partner became the Hon. T. Loader. In August, 1858, Mr. James arrived in Dunedin by the 8.8 “Queen,” the first ocean going boat to pass Dunedin harbour. It lay off Grant's Braes, and the passengers landed in boats. From his arrival in Otago, Mr. James acted as secretary to the local Jockey Club, and carried on a commission agency business. During the period when auditors were elected for the City of Dunedin, Mr. James was returned to that office for ten or twelve years. As a prominent member of the order of Freemasons, he opened the first lodge and installed the first master in Otago in September, 1860, In Dunedin, having himself been initiated in Lodge St. Matthew No. 786 at Walsall, on the 14th of April, 1847. On the occasion of his Masonie Jubilee in April, 1897, he received a suitable present. He passed through every grade of the order and held office as Deputy District Grand Master, and District Grand Secretary of the Grand Lodge of Otago and Southland, E.C. During his residence in Melbourne he was one of the originators of the Melbourne Hunt Club. Mr, James died on the 29th of August, 1900.
, formerly Clerk of Scales for the Dunedin Jockey Club, was born in Cupar, Fifeshire, Scotland, in 1848. He was educated partly in his native land and at the old stone school in lower High Street, Dunedin, having arrived at Port Chalmers by the ship “Palmyra,” In February. 1858, with his parents. he has had a varied experience as a draper, carpenter, and farmer. He spent ten years in the timber trade in the service of Messrs Guthrie and Larnach, and for the first two years of the time he was manager of the Arm's large saw mill at Catlius River, He joined Messrs, Thomson and Co., cordial manufacturers, in 1884 as traveller, and has since continued in the service of the firm in that capacity, Mr. Bremner has long been interested in sporting: he was for two years a member of the Taieri amateur turf club, and for about six years of the Tahuna Park trotting club. he became a member of the Dunedin Jockey Club in 1887, and performed the duties of clerk of scales for a number of years.
. President, Mr. S. S. Myers; vice-president, Hon. H. Gourley; secretary, Mr. H. L. James. Office, High Street, Dunedin. This club, which was founded in 1891, and has about sixty members, is a voluntary institution for carrying out trotting meetings at Tahuna Park, which is leased from the Otago Agricultural and Pastoral Society. Three meetings are held annually—in the months of March, May, and December respectively.
, who is a Steward of the Tahuna Park Trotting Club, was formerly starter for the Dunedin Jockey Club, and starter and handicapper capper for several of the provincial jockey clubs. He has been interested in racing since be was a lad of eleven, at which age he rode in a back race. Since then be has ridden his own horses in various parts of the South Island, as well as in Tasmania and Melbourne, Mr. Gourley was born in Geelong, Victoria, in 1861, and accompanied his father, the Hon. Hugh Gourley, M.L.C., in 1862, to Dunedin, where he was educated and brought up to the business of a wool-classer. For many years he has been connected with his father in the business of a livery stable keeper and undertaker. Mr. Gourley is a member of Court Enterprise, Ancient Order of Foresters. He is the sole manufacturer of the I.X.L. embrocation.
was brought into existence in the closing months of 1902. and its first meeting, as a managing body, was held on the 13th of October, 1902, with the Hon. Hugh Gourley in the chair. Race meetings were held in November, 1902, and in February of the following year. “Canteen” carried off the November Cup, of seventy guineas, and “Lady Lilian.” a Canterbury favourite, appropriated the chief trophy of the autumn meeting. A credit balance of £175 was disclosed in the annual report of November, 1903. The membership of the club, already nearly 300, is larger than that of any similar body in the colony, and is rapidly increasing. Every effort is being made to obtain a totalisator permit, and a company, in which club members are largely interested, is now (February, 1904) being formed to purchase the Forbury Park, which has htherto been used merely by temporary arrangement. Officers for the year 1903–4: President, Hon. H. Gourley; Vice-President. Mr. R. Rutherford; Secretary. Mr. E. L. Macassey; Treasurer. Mr. L.
, Secretary of the Forbury Park Racing Club, was born in Maori Hill in January, 1876, and is the second son of the late Mr. James Livingston Macassey, well known in his time as one of the most brilliant barristers of the colony. He was educated at the Otago Boys' High School, and afterwards spent several years in the firm of Messrs Murray, Roberts and Co. Mr. Macassey commenced business on his own account in 1896. As an Athlete he has won in rowing, running, walking, and cross-country matches, and made several brilliant performances.
was established in the year 1878. and the first show under its auspices was held in Forbury Park in the following year, and yearly thereafter up to and inclusive of 1882. In 1883 the society's president, Mr. John Roberts, obtained from the Government a grant of twenty acres near Musselburgh, where the reserve, now known as Tahuna Park, has been converted from sandhills to nil excellent show ground, on which £6000 has been expended in buildings and grand stands, in levelling the sandhills, and reclaiming and improving the grounds. The surface is now covered with an excellent sward of grass and clover, and the marram grass planted on the sandhills adjoining having taken good root, protects the grounds from the inconvenience caused by the drifting sand. The society in its earlier history had a very uphill fight, but fortunately a faithful band of workers, ever ready either to afford pecuniary assistance or wise counsel, put their shoulders to the wheel. In this connection, it would not be invidious to mention the names of Messrs Thomas Brydone, John Roberts, W. Cunningham Smith, and R. Charters, who, with others, have been conspicuous for the fidelity with which they have stood by the society since its inception. During 1897, the area of Tahuna Park was increased by six acres leased from the Domain Board; new sheep pens and cattle yards were erected, and extensive additions made to the shed accommodation. In making these improvements, the committee carefully studied the convenience of exhibitors as well as the comfort and safety of the general public. The whole of the stock sheds are placed along one side of the park, and provision is made for accommodating 350 head of cattle and horses under cover; the machinery and judging rings are situated near the center of the park; and the west side is thus left entirely free to the general public. There is a natural terrace, on which a large and commodious grand stand has been erected, with comfortable seating room for 1000 people, who can see the show grounds to advantage. During recent years the society has considerably extended its operations; it is not now merely an organisation to promote and carry out an annual show, but holds field turnip competitions, ram and ewe fairs, and entire horse parades, and has now added an annual winter show of grain. seeds, roots, county exhibits, etc. The winter carnival has exceeded even the most sanguine expectations of the committee, and has greatly increased the society's popularity. The need of a suitable building in which to hold this show, which had completely outgrown the accommodation which the city could provide, stimulated several of the prominent members of the committee to secure the erection of the Agricultural Ball, with its annexed buildings containing offices and stores. Still, despite the great things it has accomplished, it is perhaps not too much to say that the society is even now only on the threshold of its career, and will, if it keeps on its present course, eventually become the chief repository of all agricultural, pastoral and rural interests of the district. The revenue for the year 1903 was about £2850. the three chief items of the receipts being, in subscriptions £700, gate money £1,000 and entry fees £650; this shows that the society is now being well supported in the most important sections of its revenue. The society is fortunate in having connected with it a. number of shrewd business men. Office-bearers for 1903–1904: Honorary Life Governors: Messrs Thomas Brydone and John Roberts. C.M.G. Governors: Messrs William Patrick, Robert Charters, George Gray Russell. Robert Campbell. President: Hon. Thomas Fergus. Vice-President: Mr James Gow, Wingatui, Honorary Treasurer: Mr John Angus, Dunedin. General Committee: Messrs D. Andrew, W. Blackie, J. W. Blair, H. Buckland. W. Burnett, Wm. Charters, H. M. Driver, E. F. Duthie, John Elliot, John O. Gow, James Hazlett, Arthur Johnson, J. Lethbridge, Geo. MacEwan, A. McFarlane, John Nimmo, A. S. Orbell. James Patrick, P. Pattullo, C. S. Reid, T. T. Ritchie, James Ross, James Shiel, James Smith, Wm. Souter, A. C. Stronach, W. H. Taggart, Andrew Todd, John Tough. Honorary Life Members: Messrs Joseph Allan, Jonn Angus, James Duthie, Robert Gawn, William Jaffray. Honorary Veterinary Surgeons: Messrs J. A. Gilruth, M.R.C.V.S. A. Hamilton, M.R.O.V.S., W. D. Snowball, M.R.C.V.S., H. C. Wilkie. F.R.C.V.S. Honorary Biologist: Mr. Thomas Kirk, F.L.S. Analyst: Mr. George M. Thomas, F.L.S. Auditor: Mr. Peter Barr, F.I.A.N.Z. Secretary: Mr. H. V. Fulton.
, Vice-President of the Otago Agricultural and Pastoral Society for the year 1903–4, joined that body on its establishment, and has ever since shown a keen interest in its growth and development. He has rendered valuable service to the society as a member of the Executive Committee and as a judge at the annual shows, at which he has for many years been a successful exhibitor. Mr. Gow was born in the Taieri county in 1856, and is a son of the late Mr. Gow, who began to farm at the Taieri in 1852. He was educated at the local district school, and the Otago Boys' High School, and afterwards returned to take up farming in his native place. Mr. Gow's estate, “Invermay,” which is picturesquely situated at Wingatui, about nine miles from Dunedin, comprises 1300 acres, on which he conducts mixed farming. Mr. Gow is a steward of the Dunedin Jockey Club, and was for three years a member of the Taieri County Council. He was married, in 1883. to Miss Shaw, of North Taieri, and has two sons and two daughters.
, Secretary of the Otago Agricultural and Pastoral Society, has for many years been one of the most enthusiastic and useful members of that important institution. He joined the society in 1890, six years later became a member of the Executive Committee, and during the year 1900—which was made memorable by the visit of their Royal Highnesses the Duke and Duchess of Cornwall and York—he occupied the position of president. Mr. Fulton was born at West Taieri, Otago, in December, 1860, and is the third son of the late Hon. James Fulton. M.L.C., of “Ravenscliffe.” He was educated by private tutors, at West Taieri public school, and at the Otago Boys' High School, and afterwards spent several years as a bank officer in various parts of New Zealand, chiefly in the service of the Bank of New Zealand. After resigning his post in that institution, he turned his attention to pastoral pursuits at “Ravenscliffe,” and he did not return to active commercial life till 1901, when he was appointed to his present position. Mr. Fulton is secretary of the Waipori Falls Electric Power Company, and is also a Fellow of the Royal Colonial Institute.
, formerly President of the Otago Agricultural and Pastoral Association and one of the promoters of the Agricultural Hall, was born in Stirlingshire. Scotland, in 1839. He was educated at Kilsyth and brought up to agricultural and pastoral pursuits. In 1862 he arrived at Port Chalmers by the ship “Lady Egidia,” and for some time was engaged
was instituted in 1876 by the farmers on the Otago Peninsula. The main object of its establishment was to encourage the breeding of a higher class of stock, and thereby to improve the sheep, cattle and horses kept in the district. From the first the society has had the most cordial support of the farmers, and at the present time (1904) has a membership of about seventy. The show ground, which is the property of the society, is at Portobello, about half a mile from the village wharf. It is five acres in extent, is prettily situated on the hillside, and has undergone considerable improvements. The twenty-sixth annual show was held in December, 1903, and was a marked success. The exhibits were varied and numerous, and many of them would have done credit to the metropolitan exhibition itself. The annual meeting for the election of officers is held usually late in the winter, and several other business meetings are also held during the year. The officers for the year 1903–4 are: President, Mr. D. D. Seaton; Vice-Presidents, Messrs J. McTainsh and D. Young; Secretary and Treasurer, Mr. S. Hinkley. There is also a managing committee of fourteen members, a ground committee of six members, and over forty stewards.
, President of the Otago Peninsula Agricultural and Pastoral Society for the year 1903–4, has been for many years an energetic and valuable member of that body, and during 1901 and 1902 was a vice-president of the society, Mr. Seaton was born at Portobello, in 1861, and is the fifth son of the late Mr. James Seaton, M.H.R., who sat in Parliament for Caversham from 1876 to 1879, and was elected in 1881 for the Peninsula, but was killed in a buggy accident about twelve months later. Mr. D. D. Seaton was educated at the Portobello public school, and since boyhood has spent most of his days amongst horses, chiefly as a coach driver. For about five years he was employed in the Auckland district, and late in the eighties he returned to his native place to take charge of the Royal mail coach between Portobello and Dunedin. A few years later he purchased the service, which he has since continued. Mr. Seaton is a Noble Grand in the local Lodge of Oddfellows, and also Worshipful Master of Lodge Peninsula Kilwinning, 696, Scottish Constitution. He has served in various public capacities.
, which was established in 1862, and was incorporated under an Act of the Provincial Council of Otago in 1874, is a strong and progressive institution. Officers: Mr. D. A. McNicoll (president); Messrs R. MacKenzie and R. Chisholm (vice-presidents); Mr. C. F. Greenslade (treasurer); and Mr. W. Reid (secretary). The society possesses a fine sports ground and cycling track near Kensington, twelve and a half acres in extent, on which large sums of money have been spent from time to time. The annual sports take place on the 1st and 2nd of January, and are a great success, valuable prizes amounting to a considerable sum being given to the successful competitors. On the cycle track — one of the best in the Colony — a number of cycling contests take place, and these are equally as successful as the annual gathering. The gross income of the society exceeds £1500 per annum, and Includes about £600 in rents and over £700 from gate money and special prizes. The patron's list contains the names of several of the former governors of New Zealand. A number of prominent local clubs, who have leased portions of the society's grounds for many years past, hold their meetings and matches periodically on the property.
, Honorary Treasurer of the Caledonian Society, of which he has more than once been president, has long been known in Otago as one of the founders and proprietors of the large brewery trading under the style of J. Speight and Co., Ltd. Mr. Greenslade was born in Thorverton, Devon, England, In 1843, and was educated partly in his native place and partly in Crediton. He was brought up as a maltster and brewer, and embarked for New Zealand at the age of twenty, by the ship “Edward Thornhill,” which arrived at the Bluff in January, 1864. After about eighteen months, during which he was engaged in the carrying trade as a driver, Mr. Greenslade came to Dunedin, finding employment at various breweries, including those of Messrs. Willson and Birch and Mr. M. Joel, until 1876, when he joined the late Mr. J. Speight and Mr. W. Dawson in the large and successful business in which he is still engaged. Mr.
was established in 1864 to promote the introduction, acclimatisation, domestication, and sale of all innoxious animals, birds, fishes, insects, trees, and vegetables, whether useful or ornamental; the perfection, propagation, hybridisation of races newly introduced or already domesticated, the spread of indigenous animals, etc., from parts of the colony where they are known to other parts; the importation of animals, etc., from Great Britain, British colonies, and foreign countries; the transmission of animals, etc., from the colony to England and foreign parts, in exchange for others; and all purposes of a similar character such as would be calculated to promote these objects. Along the lines of its objects the society has done a large amount of valuable work, and has been particularly successful in the acclimatisation and propagation of deer and trout. Both red and fallow deer have been imported into the colony by the society; the former as early as the sixties, and these have increased rapidly. To the importation and propagation of trout the society annually devoted a large sum. It possesses two hatcheries, one situated at Opoho, near Dunedin, and the other at Clinton, and both are conducted on the latest approved methods. During the year 1903 there were distributed from these hatcheries 378,509 brown trout, 117,500 Loch Leven trout, 61,000 Scotch burn trout, 14,000 American brook trout, and 10.287 yearlings. The society has also helped to popularise angling. During the year 1904 eight huts, costing £250, were erected in the more isolated fishing districts for the use of licensed anglers. On the shore of Lake Onslow a shed has been erected, and a boat provided, for the purpose of facilitating the sport on the lake. The society derives the whole of its revenue from sporting licenses. In 1903 the following licenses were issued: Fishing, men's whole season, 526; half yearly, 137; boys', 130; ladies', 41; perch, 101; deer shooting, 63; imported game, 14. The Otago Acclimatisation Society is governed by a council of eighteen members, including the chairman, two vice-chairmen, the treasurer, and the secretary, three of whom retire annually. This council meets monthly and has the sole direction of the affairs of the society, and an annual meeting of members is held for the election of officers. The chairman for 1904 is Mr. A. C. Begg, and the secretary, Mr. D. Russell.
, Manager of the Otago Acclimatisation Society's Hatchery at Opoho, joined the society, as assistant to the late Mr. G. P. Clifford, in 1889, and in the following year succeeded to his present post. Mr. Deans was born in Aberdeenshire, Scotland, in 1841, and was educated at the county school in his native place. He after wards turned his attention to farm work, and in 1862 sailed for New Zealand with the intention of engaging in agriculture. On his arrival, however, he followed the gold rush to Picton and again to the Dunstan and Picton, but met with little success as a miner. He was then employed, off and on, at general work till 1869, when he entered the service of the Otago Acclimatisation Society. Mr. Deans has been a Forester for over thirty years, and is a member of Lodge Pride of Dunedin.
was founded in September, 1881, and is one of the oldest societies of its kind in New Zealand. Messrs Robert Chisholm, P. F. Stoddart and the late George Munro—three enthusiastic anglers—were amongst the promoters of the association, by means of which they hoped to improve the conditions of the sport. The association has certainly promoted good-fellowship amongst anglers, and has helped in the suppression of poaching and other injurious practices, which anglers, as individual sportsmen, were powerless to check. The membership of the association is now about seventy, and is steadily increasing; the annual subscription per member is five shillings; and the balance-sheet for 1903 disclosed a credit of £20. Fishing is carried on largely in the Shag and Waipahi rivers, as well as in many other streams; several competitions are held annually, and valuable trophies are offered for the best basket. During the winter months a smoke concert is held, and always proves popular amongst members. The annual meeting for the election of officers is held in September, and other meetings for business purposes when occasion requires. The officers for the year 1903–4 are: President, Mr. Robert Chisholm; Secretary, Mr. A. E. Jenkins; Treasurer, Mr. P. Aitken, There are also six vice-presidents, and a committee of ten.
, who was elected Secretary of the Otago Anglers' Association in 1894, is a director of the well-known stationery firm of Messrs Wilkie and Co., of Princes Street, Dunedin. He was born at Hokitika in 1870, brought to Dunedin in early boyhood, educated at the local public schools, and afterwards apprenticed to Messrs Wilkie and Co., with whom he has remained ever since. Mr. Jenkins was formerly a member of various athletic bodies in Dunedin.
was formed in March, 1890, to encourage the study and practice of artistic and scientific photography. New Zealand had at that time two other photographic clubs, and it was thought that one in Dunedin would not only be useful in imparting mutual assistance among photographers in the practice of the art, but would be also a medium of pleasant intercourse and sociability among those who made a hobby of it. Accordingly the matter was taken in hand by Messrs W. Dickson, R. A. Ewing, W. W. Wyper, W. Livingston and a few others, and steps were taken to found a society. At the preliminary meeting Mr. W. Livingston was voted to the chair, and it was resolved to form a society which should be purely amateur. The chairman stated that he thought the holding of exhibitions should be one of the main objects of the society, and that they should hold one as soon as a sufficient number of members had joined. After wards they might invite exhibits from all the societies in the colony, and all the societies should have all the exhibits in turn. Mr. W. Livingston was elected the first president, and Mr. R. A. Ewing secretary. The first exhibition, though poor when contrasted with its successors, was at the same time very creditable, considering the few persons who then made a hobby of photography. As years have come and gone more societies have been formed, and colonial and intercolonial exhibitions having grown more popular, have done much to improve the art, artistically and technically. As the membership increased it was thought advisable to have a local habitation where all conveniences for the practice of photography might be found. Accordingly a room, to which a studio and dark room were attached, was rented, but found unsuitable, and the premises where the society is now domiciled were secured later on. The society has a large room for meetings, reading, and even small lantern shows, an excellent dark room fitted with sinks and a copious supply of water, lockers for the use of members, arrangements for lighting either by gas or daylight, and an enlarging room; also a lantern and screen for slides, a set of flashlight lamps and stand, and a library. In fact, all that is needed for photographic work is on the premises. Meetings are held once a month, and a demonstration on some photographic subject is given. In June, 1903, the committee introduced a novelty in the form of a circulating album, which, although new to New Zealand societies, had been in successful operation for some years in Tasmania. It created considerable interest and friendly rivalry amongst the members, developed their critical powers, and generally improved the standard of members' work. The innovation met with a considerable amount of success. Competent members contributed prints, and helped, by their criticisms, those members of the society who were not so far advanced as themselves in the art of picture making. Mr. R. Chisholm is at present (February, 1904) president of the society, and Mr. J. Skottowe Webb, honorary secretary and treasurer. The society meets on the second Thursday in each month at its rooms in Liverpool Street.
, Honorary Secretary and Treasurer of the Dunedin Photographic Society, was born in Dunedin, and educated at the Otago Boys' High School. For several years he was engaged in the civil engineering department in connection with the construction of the Otago and Southland railways. Since 1883 Mr. Webb has been connected with the Dunedin branch of the National Fire and Marine Insurance Company. Mr. Webb is an enthusiastic photographer, and has acted as secretary of the Dunedin Photographic Society since
was founded in 1891; the moving spirit being Mr. A. J. Burns, a grand-nephew of the poet. The object of the club is to perpetuate the memory of Robert Burns, and to instil and keep alive, in the rising generation, a liking for Scottish literature and song.
was formed in 1898 for the purpose of encouraging vocal and instrumental music, elocution, and other forms of refined entertainment, conducive to sociability. The club has from the first been popular, and at present has over fifty members. Meetings are held fortnightly, from April to October, for the mutual improvement of the members; outsiders being admitted only by private invitation. The place to meeting is the Club House, Moray Place, where the members have the use of a large social hall, provided with a stage, piano and other conveniences. Officers for the year 1903: President, Mr. Edward Withers; Secretary, Mr. W. H. Irvine. There are also three vice-presidents. and a committee of five elected annually. A condition of membership is that every member must contribute to the entertainment of his fellow members.
, President of the Dunedin Orphans' Musical Club, was born in Wellington, in 1850. He is a son of the late Major Edward Withers, of the 65th Regiment—which served throughout the Maori war—and was educated at private schools in Wellington and Napier, and at the Auckland College and Grammar School. Shortly after leaving school, he joined the Napier Yeomanry Cavalry, which relieved Poverty Bay and Mohaka after the massacres in these districts. Mr. Withers commenced commercial life about 1866, when he joined the Bank of New Zealand at Napier. A few years later he was removed to the branch bank at Blenheim, and while there he joined the service of the National Bank. Later on, when at Napier in the service of that bank, he resigned to take up a post in the Colonial Bank, in the service on which he remained for many years. During that time he held several important positions, was manager, successively, of the Wanganui, Napier, and Timaru branches, and also held responsible posts in Auckland, Christchurch and Dunedin. In 1894 he resigned to take up an important appointment with Messrs Findlay and Co., Limited, timber merchants. Two years later, however, he re-entered the service of the Bank of New Zealand, and was sent to Adelaide as secretary of the Globe Timber Mills. Later on he severed his connection with the bank, and after holding several responsible commercial posts, each for a brief period, he was appointed, in October, 1897, to his present position as manager of the Victoria Brewery, Mr. Withers is married, and has a family of three daughters.
, Secretary to the Dunedin Orphans' Musical Club, was born in Airdale, Scotland, in 1872, and arrived in New Zealand in early childhood. Mr. Irvine was educated at the Southland High School, Invercargill, and was afterwards engaged, for several years, as an accountant in commercial houses in Dunedin. In 1898 he entered into partnership with Mr. Carter to form the firm of Messrs Irvine and Carter, sharebrokers, accountants and commission agents. Three years later Mr. Carter retired from the firm, and since then Mr. Irvine has conducted the business on his own account.
. The objects of this society, which is affiliated with the Royal Horticultural Society, England, are the improvement and development of horticulture in all its branches. President. Mr. G. M. Burlinson, F.R.H.S.; Vice-Presidents, Messrs H. Clarke, James Mollison and John Daggar; Treasurer, Mr. C. Bayley; Secretary, Mr. David Larnach.
was founded in May, 1898. by Mr. H. Adam, for the purpose of promoting the cultivation of chrysanthemums by the following means: (1) By holding periodical meetings of members for discussions, readings, etc. concerning the subject. (2) By facilitating the acquisition by members of new varieties of the flower. (3) By awarding certificates; by holding exhibitions; and by such other means as the committee may from time to time adopt. The membership of the club is now (1904) 259. Officers for the year 1903–4: President, Mr J. Sinclair Thompson; Secretary, Mr. H. Adam. There are also three vice-presidents, and a committee of six members.
, Dunedin, was founded in 1901, as a result of the visit of the Rev. Mr. Oatts, of Glasgow, and has now a membership of 150. The objects of the association are the spiritual, intellectual, and social improvement of young men. The club's large and comfortably fitted rooms at 23 Moray Place West are open from 9 a.m. to 10 p.m. Officers: President, Mr. G. M. Thomson; Honorary Treasurer. Mr. A. J. C. Brown; Honorary Secretary, Mr. D. Leslie.
was formed in June, 1903, its founder being Mr. J. A. Park. Messrs R. Glendining, Kempthorne, Denniston C. R. Smith, R. Chisholm, Thomas Scott, James Hazlett. J F. M. Fraser, Captain Macindoe, Captain Price, Major Stronach, Captain Morris, Captain Freeman, Mr. A. R. Faulkner and others are honorary life members. The club's founder wished to bring about such an organisation of returned troopers as would give them some interest in common, and thereby serve to keep them together; to so organise them as a distinct body as to enable them to arrange meetings among themselves for the purpose of social enjoyment; and to form a body through the medium of which assistance could be given to members in
, Secretary and Treasurer to the Otago Ex-Contingenters' Club, is a son of Mr. Peter Williams, auctioneer for the New Zealand Loan and Mercantile Agency, at Oamaru, and was born at the “Punchbowl,” Maheno, in December, 1878. He was educated at the Oamaru and Ashburton public schools, and in 1896 removed to Dunedin, where he was engaged successively in the firms of Messrs Wilcox and Co., W. E. Reynolds and Co., and Lintott and Co. Before the outbreak of the Boer war Mr. Williams had served seven years as a volunteer, and in the B. Battery, R.F.A., he joined the Ninth Contingent as Sergeant-Major in charge of a squadron. Five months after his return, in August, 1902, he entered the service of the Dunedin Drainage and Sewerage Board, and is still on its staff. Mr. Williams is a member of the Dunedin Amateur Swimming Club, and has also belonged to other local athletic bodies.
Music is the most popular and widely diffused art practised in New Zealand, and is an essential feature in the social life of Otago. Throughout the province every town, and almost every village, has its glee club, or choral association, and a musical fraternity. In Dunedin the leading musical societies are the Choral Society, the Orchestral Society, and the Liedertafel, and the city also possesses several excellent bands, including a pipe band. On Sunday afternoons band concerts are given in the Botanical Gardens, and they are also held occasionally on summer evenings. These open-air concerts are always well attended. Musical festivals and operatic and dramatic companies, usually attract large and sympathetic audiences in Dunedin, which theatrical managers regard as one of the best “show” towns in the colony. Several English, European, and colonial musicians of repute are settled in Dunedin, and, as teachers of music, they are referred to personally in this section.
, which was formerly known as the Otago Agricultural Hall, was built in the year 1896 in connection with the annual winter show, which is held by the Otago Agricultural and Pastoral Society. The building was erected chiefly through the energy of the Hon. Thomas Fergus, Messrs Thomas Brydone, P. Pattullo, John Roberts, John Angus, E. F. Duthie, James Hazlett, W. Patrick, Robert Campbell, James Shiel, and J. H. Morrison, and when it was opened in June, 1897, by the Minister of Lands, it was pronounced to be one of the finest buildings south of the Equator. During the time it was known as the Agricultural Hall, it held some of the largest audiences that ever witnessed an entertainment in New Zealand, and continued to be one of the chief places of amusement until August, 1902. At that time the directors, after being approached on numerous occasions by the various principal theatrical managers in Australia, as to the conversion of the building into an up-to-date theatre, decided to act upon the suggestion, and resolved to
, Sole Proprietor of Dix's Gaiety Companies, and at one time lessee of the Alhambra Theatre, Dunedin, was born in Launceston, Tasmania, and educated at the Collegiate Institute. He came to New Zealand in 1891, and about four years later entered into theatrical management. Mr. Dix established the combination which bears his name in Auckland, on the 1st of April, 1899. He afterwards became lessee of the Theatre Royal, Wellington, the Opera House, Christchurch, and the Alhambra Theatre, Dunedin. The four theatres were open continuously (Sundays excepted), and a high class vaudeville entertainment was presented each evening. Mr. Dix obtains his artists from England, America, and Australia, and the standard maintained is such that all classes are found amongst his supporters; in fact a “Dix's Gaiety company” has become one of the institutions of the colony. Mr. Dix personally supervises his large business, aided by a competent staff of resident managers. Once a year he produces the
, Officers: President, Mr. J. R. Morris; Honorary Conductor, Mr. James Coombs; Honorary Leader, Mr. Ephraim Parker; Honorary Treasurer. Mr. A. A. Finch; and Honorary Secretary, Mr. W. O. Millar. This society owes its origin mainly to the efforts of Mr. Charles Coombs, and was first started in 1883, when a few ardent instrumentalists, under the name of the Apollo Club, and the direction of Mr. G. R West, commenced to give small entertainments and smoke concerts. These fell through after a time, but in 1886 the concerts were reorganised under the conductorship of Mr. Martin, now of Wanganui; and the first of a series of concerts was given under the name of the Dunedin Orchestral Association in conjunction with the Dunedin Liedertafel Quartette. In May, 1886, the performers met in Dagmar College, Moray Place, and agreed to form an Orchestral Society. At a subsequent meeting the necessary rules were passed. No concerts were given in 1887, but in February, 1888, the first concerts, under the new title, were given in the Garrison Hall, with Mr. Martin as conductor. At the suggestion of the president, Mr. Morris, the society made a new arrangement, by which it undertook to give subscribers four ordinary concerts a year, and four tickets for each concert. Since then the society has made great progress. On Good Friday and Saturday of 1896 it gave two sacred and secular concerts, in Christchurch, and one at Timaru on Easter Monday, and these concerts were most successful. Mr. James Coombs has conducted the society in nearly one hundred concerts, with gratifying results, both to the performers and the public. The society was registered on the 3rd of June, 1896, under the Unclassified Societies Registration Act, 1895.
, Conductor of the Dunedin Orchestral Society, and Teacher of the Violin, Moray Place, Dunedin, was born in Parnell, Auckland, and came to Dunedin when a child. He early developed a talent and a great love for music, and seized every opportunity to acquire a knowledge and a mastery of the violin. He first studied under the late Mr. G. R. West, then a leading musician in Dunedin, and took lessons from Mr. Leon Caron, conductor of Williamson's Operatic Company. Wishing to receive higher instruction than was then available in Dunedin, Mr. Coombs went to Melbourne, where he studied under some of the leading instructors, and on his return went to Christchurch, where for ten years he followed his profession with marked success. He was one of the founders of the Christchurch Orchestral Society, and leader until he left for Dunedin in 1885. In conjunction with his brother, Mr. Charles Coombs, the well-known cornet player, and Mr. J. R. Morris, the present president, he formed and organised the Dunedin Orchestral Society, now one of the strongest musical societies in New Zealand. He first acted as leader, and has been (1904) for fifteen years its popular conductor. He held the same position in the Dunedin Naval Band for twelve years. Mr. Coombs was also the first conductor of the present Choral Society, but resigned in 1902, after holding the position for five years. He is a successful teacher of music, and many of his pupils have distinguished themselves at musical examinations and competitions.
. Officers: President, Hon. G. McLean; Vice-Presidents, Messrs T. A. Hunter, J. C. Thomson, and D. McPherson; Honorary Conductor, Mr. Jesse Timson; Honorary Pianist, Mr. W. E Taylor, F.R.C.O.; Honorary Treasurer, Mr C. R. Gooch, and Honorary Secretary, Mr J. A. Hopcraft. The Dunedin Liedertafel was established in May, 1886, for the practice and performance of music for male voices. Mr. S. Moyle was the founder and first conductor, and under him several successful concerts were given in conjunction with the Dunedin Orchestral Association. After Mr. Moyle's departure from Dunedin, his place was taken by Herr Benno Scherek, a most enthusiastic conductor, who had to resign on going to Melbourne in 1888. Mr. A. J. Barth was then appointed conductor, and was succeeded successively by Signor Squarise and the present conductor, Mr. Jesse Timson. When Mr. Timson took charge the member ship had fallen to seventeen, but under his leadership the society has progressed wonderfully. Four concerts are now given annually; the Society is in a sound financial position, and there are forty-one members, consisting of ten first tenors, eleven second tenors, ten first basses, and ten second basses. The singing for the most part is unaccompanied, but the pianist, Mr. W. E. Taylor, F.R.C.O., gives valuable help, and the weekly practices are well attended. Sixty-four concerts have been given by the society, which has also assisted at several concerts in aid of charitable objects, and has introduced many talented artists visiting the colony.
, Honorary Secretary of the Dunedin Liedertafel, was born in Dunedin in 1867. He was educated in his native city, and for twenty-two years followed a commercial life, from which he retired on his appointment to his various secretarial duties. He became secretary to the Dunedin Star Bowkett Building Society in 1899, four years later secretary of the Dunedin and Kaikorai Tram Company and in 1896 he was appointed corresponding secretary to the Otago District Independent Order of Oddfellows, Manchester Unity, with which he has been connected for many years, and has passed through the various chairs. Mr. Hopcraft, who has always taken a great interest in musical matters, has been a member of the Liedertafel since 1891, and honorary secretary for the last ten years. His services have been always willingly given when called upon, and he has for years been a prominent member of All Saints' choir. He was secretary of the Dunedin Bowling Club for a number of years, but, owing to the many other calls on his time, was compelled to resign that position.
W. Wills. President; Mr. Jesse Timson, Conductor; and Mr. H. C. Campbell, Honorary Secretary. At a meeting held in the Town Hall in 1897, presided over by the Hon. Richard Oliver, M.L.C., it was agreed to form a Choral Society, with the object of cultivating a taste for music amongst the people.
The first conductor was Mr. James Coombs, to whom the success of the society is due in a large mefisure, and the first president was the Hon. Richard Oliver. Four concerts are held annually, and in the case of any special musical artist visiting Dunedin extra concerts are given. In 1897, the year of its establishment, the society performed the “Creation,” in the Agricultural Hall, with Mdlle. Trebelli and Mr. John Prouse, a chorus of 200, and an orchestra of thirty.
, J.P., President of the Dunedin Choral Society, was born in October, 1846, at Paisley, Scotland, and was educated at the Nelson Institution in that town. He was brought up to commercial pursuits, and came to New Zealand in 1879. After four years' residence in the colony, he was appointed resident secretary for the Mutual Assurance Society of Victoria; this position he held till May, 1897, when that society merged with the National Mutual Life Office, and he was appointed District Manager for Otago and Southland. During his residence in Dunedin, Mr. Wills has taken considerable interest in local affairs, as mayor of the borough of Mornington in 1892, as a member of the Dunedin Hospital Trustees and of the Hospital and Charitable Aid Boards, as one of the directors of the Choral Society, and as president of the New Zealand Brass Band Association, and of the Horticultural Society of Dunedin. In 1881 Mr. Wills was married to Miss Lang, of Paisley. He is referred to in another article as a commission agent.
, who was appointed conductor of the Dunedin Choral Society in 1903, was born at Springfield, Essex, England, where he received his first musical training. At an early age he was appointed organist at Great Baddow, Chelmsford, and held the position for six years. He was afterwards for several years organist in the private chapel of Sir Robert Menzies, Baronet, Perthshire, Scotland. Mr. Timson came to Otago in 1887, and since then has been successful as a teacher of instrumental and vocal music in Dunedin; and he has been organist at the First Church of Otago since the erection of the first organ there. In 1894 he was appointed conductor of the Liedertafel, one of the oldest and most successful musical associations in Dunedin, and in connection with that society serenaded the Prince and Princess of Wales during their stay in Dunedin in 1901. Mr. Timson has given organ recitals of a high order in Dunedin, and also in the Christchurch Cathedral.
, A.L.A.M., Teacher of Piano, Organ, and Harmony, Dresden Music Studio, Dunedin. Born in London in 1850, the subject of this notice was educated in his native city, and studied music under Mr. J. F. Barnett, and harmony under Dr. H. Wylde, securing a first class certificate signed by both masters; he was elected in 1868 an Associate of the London Academy of Music. Mr. Barth commenced teaching when but seventeen years of age, and continued to practise his profession till 1881, when he decided to come to New Zealand. During the time Mr. Barth was in London, he held several important positions, among others those of professor and examiner at the London Academy of Music and at several private schools, and organist at Christ Church, Victoria Road, Kensington, for several years. On leaving for the Colony he was presented with a large photograph of the choir. Mr. Barth has played at the Albert Hall and Crystal Palace, and gave a series of concerts with considerable success at the St. George's Hall, Langham Place, being assisted by Herren Ludwig and Pollitzer (violin), M. Pague (violoncello), and Madam Florence Lancia and Miss Leonora Braham (vocalists). In connection with the International Exhibition of 1873 at the Royal Albert Hall, Hiller's Concerto in F sharp minor was ably rendered, Mr. Barth taking the piano, and the orchestra being conducted by Mr. Barnby. On arriving at Port Chalmers in the ship “Taranaki,” Mr. Barth settled in Dunedin in order to join his wife's relations. As a teacher, he has earned success in the Colony by his ability and diligence, and no better evidence could be adduced than to mention some of his pupils who have achieved distinction. Amongst organists may be named Mr. D. Cook, of the Dunedin Congregational Church, Mr. Lilly, of St. Matthew's Church, and Mr. Lomas, of St. Andrew's Church; amongst pianists, Miss Blanche Joel (now Mrs. Levy) and Miss Matheson (now Mrs. J. Stone, junior); also many successful Dunedin teachers. Mr. Barth is local secretary for the Trinity College (London) Examinations, and his pupils have frequently gained the highest marks in New Zealand. In the practical examinations (in connection with Trinity College in 1895), only five out of all candidates in England and her colonies gained ninety-five per cent. of marks, and Mr. Victor Booth, one of Mr. Barth's pupils, was the only one in New Zealand to gain those marks. As conductor of the Choral Society and the Liedertafel, Mr. Barth rendered good service to the cause of music in Dunedin, but was obliged to relinquish those duties owing to considerations of health, and the pressure of his engagements as a teacher. For some time he was organist at St. Matthew's and All Saints Churches, and in 1884, when the new organ was complete, became organist at Knox Church, and still holds the position.
, L.R.A.M., Teacher of Pianoforte and Voice Production, and Senior Teacher of music at St. Hilda's Collegiate School, Dunedin. Mrs Blandford was born in Jamacia, West India, and is a daughter of the late Major Doorly, of the 1st West India Regiment. Her brothers occupy prominent positions in the musical world; and from an early age Mrs Blandford displayed exceptional talent in music, and played at her first concert in the West Indies, at the age of eight years. In 1875 Mrs Blandford, then Miss Doorly, was successful in winning a tie for the Sterndale Bennett Prize, when she was highly commended for her playing by the Board of Examiners of the Royal Academy of Music. She studied under Mr. Arthur O'Leary, Fellow of the Royal Academy of Music, who testified to her exceptional talents as a pianist and musician, and stated that she had distinguished herself most highly at the Academy, and that he had the greatest confidence in her ability to teach. At the Metropolitan examination, held in 1889, Mrs Blandford, who was then senior music teacher at the Church High School, Newcastle-on-Tyne, obtained the diploma of Licentiate of the Royal Academy of Music, Class A. pianoforte, as a performer and teacher. She had been prepared for this examination by Dr. Rea, and its difficulty may be shown from the fact that out of one hundred and twenty candidates only seven were successful in class A. When Mr. Blandford was appointed to an important position in a large business house in Sydney, Mrs Blandford secured the appointment of music teacher at Scott's College, and on leaving Sydney for New Zealand, Mr. Ashworth Aspinall, Principal of the College, bore testimony to the excellent work done by her, and expressed great regret at her departure. Mr. Blandford having accepted a position in Dunedin, he removed thither in 1898, but the same year he lost his life in the disastrous fire at the Royal Oak Hotel, Wellington. In 1902 Mrs Blandford visited London, with the object of getting in touch with the latest music and musicians, and when there she was elected honorary local representative in Dunedin of the Royal Academy of Music. She is recognised as one of the leading musicians in Dunedin, and has been most successful with her pupils in the Associated Board Examinations. From the year 1899 to 1903 inclusive one senior and two junior silver medals, four senior and two junior honours, six distinctions, and ninety-three practical passes were gained by Mrs Blandford's pupils. Five of her pupils entered in 1903 for the Dunedin competitions, and gained four first prizes, one of which was in the highest grade open to all, two second prizes, and in one entry her pupils gained first, second and third prizes.
, Teacher of Voice Production and Singing, The Dresden, Princes Street, Dunedin. Mr. Branson is the second son of the late Mr. Gerald Dyson Branson, barrister, who practised his profession in Melbourne, Dunedin, and Ashburton, and died in Christ-church in 1884. He is a grandson of the late Mr. William Branson, Q.C., of Madras, India; and his maternal grandfather was the late Mr. R. D. Ireland, Q.C., one of the most able and talented lawyers of his day in Melbourne. Mr. Branson was born in Horsham, Victoria, in 1877, and when an infant came with his parents to Dunedin. He was educated at the George Street public school, and the Otago Boys' High School, and subsequently entered the service of the National Bank of New Zealand. After two years he joined the staff of the Mutual Assurance Society of Victoria, but resigned to follow the profession of music. Mr. Branson, who inherits the exceptional musical talents of his family, first studied at Dunedin under Miss Mengredien, and in 1899 proceeded to Melbourne to study with Herr Rudolf Himmer, then a leading music teacher, and now Professor of Singing at the Melbourne University. He returned to New Zealand in 1900. and after teaching for a year at Invercargill, went again to Melbourne to pursue a further course of studies under his former teacher. Mr. Branson returned to Dunedin in 1903, where he has since been most successful, and has specially devoted himself to voice production and singing. He has been connected with the Choral Society, of which he was a member from its inception, and was
, Teacher of Pianoforte, Violin, Guitar, and Singing, “The Dresden,” Princes Street, Dunedin. Miss Busck was born in Denmark, and first studied under Madame Siboni, a pupil of the famous Clara Schumann, and a gold medallist of the Leipsic Conservatoire. At the age of sixteen she went to the Conservatoire at Copenhagen, and worked under the famous Danish composer, Herr Neils Gade, who was head of that institution. Miss Busck came to New Zealand in 1890, and soon established herself as a teacher of music.
, Teacher of Violin and Mandoline, George Street, Dunedin. Mr. de Lautour is the eldest son of Dr. de Lautour, of Stuart Street, Dunedin, and was born at Richmond, London, in 1874, and came to Port Chalmers in 1884. He first studied music under Mr. Wiltshire, of Tapanui, and after teaching the violin at Gore for a year and a half, came to Dunedin, where he is now a teacher of recognised talent. Mr. de Lautour has a number of pupils, and holds classes for the Trinity College examinations. His string band, numbering seventeen performers, is in demand at all the leading local functions. Mr. de Lautour is married, and has one son and one daughter.
, Teacher of Singing and Elocution, “The Dresden,” Dunedin. Mr. Densem was born at Brixham, Devonshire, England, and educated partly in his native place, and partly at Barcelona, in Spain. He is descended from a talented musical family, and his mother was the leading soprano in the choir of the Rev. Samuel Lyle, composer of the well known hymn “Abide with me,” which was first sung by Mrs Densem. Mr. Densem studied under Vidal, the chorus master of the Lyceo Opera House at Barcelona. In 1876 he came to New Zealand, and, not finding sufficient inducement at that time to follow music as a profession, he accepted a commercial appointment, which he held for several years. In 1892 Mr. Densem organised a company, known as the Densem, Doyle Operatic Company, and made a most successful tour through India, Java, and the Straits Settlement. This company was composed of several leading musical artists, notably Miss Bessie Doyle. After a often months' tour they returned to Sydney, where they played at the Criterion Theatre, when the company was dissolved. In December, 1893, under the management of Mr. Turner, Mr. Densem and Lalla Miranda gave their charming entertainment of “Picture, Song and Story,” at the Peoples' Promenade Concerts held in the Melbourne Exhibition. Mr. Densem subsequently joined Mr. Charles Saunders, an English tenor, and under the name of the Saunders, D'Ensem Opera Company,
, Teacher of Pianoforte, Harmony and Counterpoint, Octagon Buildings, Dunedin. Mr. Easton was born near Airdrie, Lanarkshire, Scotland, and is a son of the late Mr. Nisbet Easton, who arrived in New Zealand in 1882. He received his first musical training with Mr. A. Sims, and subsequently studied under Mr. A. J. Barth, A.L.A.M., one of the most successful teachers of music in this country. He started teaching in 1893, and since then his numerous pupils, who have passed examinations, has been most successful; amongst whom were-Mr. Hugh Black, who gained the only senior honours awarded at the Royal Academy harmony examination in 1903, and in 1901 Miss McConnell gained 82 marks and took senior honours at the Trinity College examinations. In 1900 Miss West gained the second highest senior honours in Dunedin. Quite a number of Mr. Easton's Trinity College pupils have gained the possible number of marks—100. In 1903 Miss J. Brown gained honours in the senior practical examinations, and in the same year at the Dunedin Competitions Miss Ada Donaldson gained first prize and a gold medal against eighteen competitors, and Miss W. Shearer gained second prize against eleven competitors. Mr. Easton is a composer of some note, and his compositions on the market are now quite numerous. Among the most popular of his works are the “Under Two Flags,” march; “May,” a minuet; “Tranquil Vale,” song; “New Zealand's Answer,” song; “Coeur de Lion” and “Vanity Fair,” marches. His anthem “Praise God,” has been sung by the choirs of most of the city and suburban churches. Mr. Easton is a Freemason of old standing. He is Past Grant Organist for the Grand Lodge of New Zealand, and at present (1904) a member and organist of Lodge Otago, No. 7, Dunedin.
, 53 Manor Place, Dunedin. Miss Fea, who has studied under Mr. A. J. Barth, A.L.A.M., and is an Associate of Trinity College, London, is a successful teacher of pianoforte and harmony.
, Teacher of Singing, Elocution and Voice Production, Dowling Street, Dunedin. Mr. Maitland Gard'ner was born in London, and received his first musical training under the direction of Signor and Madame Ferrari, leading teachers of singing in London. He studied choral work under several eminent conductors, as well as under Mr. Henry Eyres of the Royal Academy, and made his appearance in London at concerts at Exeter and St. James's Halls, as well as in the suburbs and country. Mr. Gard'ner came to New Zealand in 1883, and resided in Christchurch until 1899. During part of that time he was engaged in commercial pursuits, which he carried on concurrently with his profession. He was assistant choirmaster at St. Michael's, Christchurch, and choirmaster at Avonside and Merivale. On many occasions he took the bass solos in the “Messiah,” “Elijah,” “Creation,” Rossini's “Stabat Mater,” etc., etc. He assisted in bringing out such works as Dvorak's “Stabat Mater” and “Spectre's Bride,” also Gunod's “Faust.” He has played leading parts in comic opera, including “The Sorcerer,” “Pinafore,” and “Dorothy.” In 1899 Mr. Gard'ner removed to Dunedin, where he now stands at the head of his profession as a teacher of vocal music, elocution, and voice production. He is at present acting secretary to the honorary representative for the Dunedin Centre of the Associated Board of the Royal Academy and Royal College of Music; and that he is one of the most successful teachers for these examinations may be proved from the fact that, out of the thirty-seven passes in singing between 1900 and 1903, twenty-seven were his pupils. The Dunedin Competitions of 1903 also bore a substantial testimony to his training; his daughter, Miss C. M. Gard'ner, winning the Challenge Shield for soloists, and his family and pupils taking nineteen first prizes, four seconds and two thirds. Mr. Gard'ner holds classes at St. Hilda's Collegiate school for girls in singing and elocution, and for singing at Miss Miller's Braemar House school, and the Dunedin High School. As a Freemason Mr Gard'ner is a Past Master of Lodge St. Augustine, No. 4, and is Honorary Secretary of Lodge Otago, No. 7, Grand Lodge of New Zealand.
, Teacher of Pianoforte Harmony, Pianoforte and Counterpoint, Como House, Moray Place, Dunedin. Miss Geerin in a daughter of Sergeant Geerin, of Port Chalmers. She received the first part of her musical training in the Dominican Convent at Dunedin, and afterwards studied under Mr. Vallis, organist of St. Joseph's Cathedral. Miss Geerin, who commenced teaching in 1903, prepares pupils for the Trinity College and Royal Academy examinations.
, Teacher of Pianoforte and Clavier, George Street, Dunedin. Miss Green is a daughter of the late Major Green, some time Sheriff of Auckland, and was born in Hawke's Bay. She received her first musical training under Mr. Beale, of Auckland, and subsequently went Home and studied in Birmingham under Madame Schauenberg, a pupil of the celebrated Madame Schumann. She returned to New Zealand in 1891, and for twelve years practised her profession successfully at Hastings, Hawke's Bay, being part of that time head
, Teacher of Pianoforte, Harmony, and German, Moray Place, Dunedin. Miss Hotop is a daughter of Mr. Lewis Hotop, chemist, of Queenstown, and sister of Dr. Hotop, of Dunedin. She received the first part of her musical education with Mr. Barth and Herr Barmeyer, and in 1897 proceeded to Germany and studied under Herr Hokapelmeister Langert, a pupil of the renowned Liszt, and Court Musical Director to the late Duke of Coburg. Miss Hotop subsequently studied at the Conservatoire of Zurich under Ernest Lochbranner, who was a pupil of Eugen D'Albert. After three years she returned to New Zealand, holding a certificate from Herr Hokapelmeister Langert, for general musical knowledge in pianoforte and harmony. Since her return, Miss Hotop has had exceptional success as a teacher of music and of German.
, Teacher of the Violin, Great King Street, Dunedin. Mr. Lack was born in Buckinghamshire, England, in 1830, and received his first musical education under a leading music teacher in London. He was brought up to the trade of signwriting, and in 1853 landed in Victoria, where he got employment at the Creswick Creek Theatre, as a scene painter and player in the orchestra. Mr. Lack came to Dunedin in 1862, and first followed his calling as a sign writer, but owing to a serious accident he was compelled to give up an active life, and he then devoted his talents to music. He was recognised as one of the leading violin players in Dunedin for years, and on the formation of the first military band, in 1864, performed on the tenor horn, and in the early sixties his string band was most popular. Mr. Ephraim Parker, now leader of the Orchestral Society, was a pupil of Mr. Lack's. Mr Lack's son, the late Mr. Thomas Lack, who died in 1896, was a finished musician; and his daughter, now Mrs Wood, of Wellington, and Miss Parker, were the first ladies to learn the violin in Dunedin. Owing to his declining health, Mr. Lack's daughter, Miss Florence Lack, assists her father in his profession. Mr. Lack joined the Loyal Dunedin Lodge of Oddfellows in 1862, and is still an active member of the order. He is a well known temperance advocate, and has been a member of the Good Templars for over twenty-five years.
, Teacher of Violin, Viola, and Double Bass. “The Violin School,” Moray Place, Dunedin. Mr. Leech, who is one of the oldest and most successful teachers in Dunedin, was born in Manchester, and studied under Mr. John Wild, a well known musician of that town. He went to Victoria in 1858, and in 1866 was attracted by the gold rush and came to Hokitika. Mr. Leech came to Dunedin with Cogle and Lyster's Royal Italian Opera Company, in 1873, and afterwards secured an engagement as Musical Director of the Princess Theatre, under the management of Geddis and Willis. Shortly afterwards he started teaching, and his orchestra formed the nucleus of the present Orchestral Society.
, Teacher of Pianoforte, Organ, and Harmony, Eglington Road, Mornington, Dunedin. Mr. Lomas was born in Derbyshire, England. He comes of
, Teacher of the Piano and Violin, School of Music, York Place, Dunedin. The subject of this notice was born in Stirling, Scotland, in 1853, came to New Zealand at an early age, and was educated at the Middle District, now Arthur Street, school. His father, Mr. John McNeill, was one of the first piano-tuners in Dunedin, and instructed his son in musical matters from his early years. He was afterwards placed under Mr. Twining for the piano, under Mr. Kelly for the violin, and later received instruction from Mr. A. J. Towsey, Mr. McNeill commenced to teach music in 1873, and has followed his profession continuously since that time. As a composer he is the author of the “Maypole Dance and Mazourka,” and other Instrumental pieces, the former having been published in Dunedin. Mr. McNeill was married in 1886 to a daughter of Mr. Heany, of Belfast, Ireland, and has two sons and one daughter.
, Teacher of Piano, Theory, and Flower Painting, “The Dresden,” Princes Street, Dunedin. Miss Malony was born in Tasmania, received most of her musical education in the Dominican Convent, Dunedin, and completed her studies under Herr Benno Scherek, the well known musician. She has taught music most successfully for several years, and prepares pupils for the Trinity College examinations. Before settling permanently in Dunedin she spent a year in Hawke's Bay, where she was well known as a brilliant platform pianiste. Her brother, the Rev. Father Malony, of Wellington, was taught by her. Miss Malony is also a successful teacher of flower painting.
, Teacher of Music and Singing. Mrs Monkman is the youngest daughter of the late William Poppelwell, one of the pioneer settlers of Otago. She was born in 1867, and educated at St. Dominic's Convent, Dunedin. Her musical education was begun under Miss Wyld, of Dunedin, and continued for some time by Mother Catherine, of the Convent. She then became a pupil of Herr Benno Scherek, and studied under him for seven years. Mrs Monkman's singing master was Mr H. H. Wells, of Christchurch, and so thorough has been her grounding in the knowledge of her art, that she is exceptionally well qualified to impart instruction in turn. She has made a special study of the art of breathing as applied to singing, rightly regarding it as a prime essential in voice production. As a consent singer Mrs Monkman has achieved much success, as she possesses a beautiful mezzo voice of great range and fine quality.
, Teacher of Singing and Voice Production, Stuart Street, Dunedin. Mrs Murphy was born in Victoria, and received her musical education from her father, the late Herr Scott, R.A.M.L., one of the leading musicians in Victoria, and well known in New Zealand. She made her debut in Dunedin at the age of twelve, at her father's concert, in the “Stabat Mater,” held at the Queen's Theatre. Subsequently, when Mrs Murphy made Dunedin her home, she took the leading soprano part at the local amateur operatic and choral concerts, and her appearance on every occasion was greeted with the greatest enthusiasm. For years she has devoted her talent to teaching voice production and singing, and has met with unqualified success. Her daughter and pupil, Miss Amy Murphy, possesses a fine soprano voice, and was engaged to take part in the same programme with Madame Melba, at a concert in Melbourne, in which only singers and musicians of distinction appeared.
, Teacher of the Banjo, Mandoline, and Guitar, Poplar House, 22 Leith Street, Dunedin. Mr. Stokes was born in England, and accompanied his parents to Dunedin in 1879. He inherits his musical ability from his mother, and has studied under several professors of music. Mr. Stokes, who is the only teacher of the banjo, mandoline, and guitar in Dunedin, has a trained band of twenty-five performers, and his annual concerts find great favour with lovers of music in Dunedin. He is a most painstaking teacher, and he personally arranges all the music for the different instruments.
, Professor of Music, Princes Street, Dunedin, Private residence, North-East Harbour, Peninsula. Signor Squarise was born at Vicenza, in Italy, in 1856, and was educated at Turin,
, F.R.C.O., Teacher of Plano, Organ, and Harmony, 46 York Place, Dunedin. Mr. Taylor was born in London in 1867, and was educated primarily at Sir Walter St. John's School, Battersea, and subsequently attended the City of London School. He received private tuition in the theory and practice of music, and was for three years a pupil at the Royal Academy of Music, where he gained three medals for organ and harmony. Having passed the stipulated examinations at the College of Organists of London—now the Royal College of Organists—he was admitted a Fellow of the College in 1889. Mr. Taylor commenced his profession as a teacher in his native city in 1888, and continued to practise there until he left for New Zealand. For three or four years he was organist at St. Paul's Church, New Wandsworth. Leaving his native land in 1891 in the s.s. “Rimutaka,” Mr. Taylor arrived in Wellington, and at once moved to Dunedin to take up his duties as organist at St. Paul's Cathedral, to which he had been appointed before sailing for New Zealand. Since settling in the Colony, he has met with great success as a teacher of the organ and pianoforte and harmony. Mr. Taylor has achieved distinction in the work of preparing young people for the local examinations under Trinity College, London. In 1897 he passed more pupils in musical knowledge than any other teacher in Dunedin; nearly all those he presented were successful, and thirty were awarded passes. Mr. Taylor was married in 1893 to a daughter of the late Dr. John Macdonald, and has three sons.
, Teacher of Music, Princes Street, Dunedin. Mr. Timson is further referred to as conductor of the Dunedin Choral Society.
, Music Teacher, George Street, Dunedin. Mr. Vallis was born in Berkshire, England, and came to Dunedin in 1887. Shortly after his arrival he was appointed organist at the Congregational Church, Moray Place, and afterwards occupied a similar position in connection with St. Matthew's church, before becoming organist at St. Joseph's Cathedral, in 1891. Mr. Vallis is a successful teacher of the piano and organ, and in 1903 one of his pupils gained the local exhibition prize in the Trinity College examinations.
, Teacher of Singing and Voice Production, Stuart Street, Dunedin. Mrs Wilkie is the widow of the late Mr. James Wilkie, bookseller, Princes Street, a son of one of the pioneers of Dunedin. She was born in Edinburgh, arrived in New Zealand by the ship “Sevilla” in 1859, received her primary musical education under Mr. Towsey, now of Auckland, and after her marriage accompanied her husband to England, and studied for two years under the late Mr. H. C. Deacon, of Wimpole Street, Cavendish Square, London. After visiting the large musical centres of Europe, and studying under well known professors, Mrs Wilkie returned to New Zealand, and on the death of her husband, started teaching in Dunedin, where her exceptional talents and European training soon placed her in the highest rank of her profession. Her daughter, Miss Jessie Wilkie, studied elocution under Lupton, of Melbourne, and is a leading teacher of that art in Dunedin.
, who is well known as a bass singer and elocutionist throughout New Zealand, is a native of Dunedin, and, from his youth, was gifted with an exceptionally fine voice. He also received a good training under Signor Seychne, an artist of great repute. Up to seventeen years of age Mr. Young's life was passed in an atmosphere of drama and opera, and he enjoyed the friendship of, and derived instruction in elocution from, such men as John L. Hall, John Musgrove, and many others, including the late Mr. William Hoskins, acknowledged the best exponent of Shakespeare who has visited New Zealand. Mr. Young's first appearance on the stage was with Mr. Hoskins in “Formosa,” and he subsequently played numerous small parts, as a lad, in opera and drama. About 1885 Mr. Young made his adult appearance as the sergeant of police in the “Pirates of Penzance”; his rendering of the part was a brilliant success, and he afterwards made most successful appearances in a succession of operas, including “Les Cloches de Corneville,” “II Barbiere de Seville,” and subsequently in almost every production of Messrs Gilbert and Sullivan's. Mr. Young has sung at classical and national concerts of all kinds throughout New Zealand, at the Melbourne Liedertafel concerts, and at various other large Australian centres, and in every instance
has had several names and various conductors. Before receiving its present name it was known, successively, as the Railway Band, the Railway and Headquarters' Band, the Head-quarters' Band, the Naval Brigade Band, and the Dunedin Ordinance Band. It has had as its successive conductors Mr. Marcus Hume, Mr. D. Wishart, Mr. Charles Coombs, and Mr James Coombs, who was succeeded in 1903 by its present conductor, Mr. Edward Stratton. Though the fortunes of the band have varied considerably, At has on many occasions distinguished itself. At the competitions held at Timaru in the month of October, 1903, when nine bands competed, the Naval Band obtained sixth place in the selection contest, fourth in the marching contest, first at a quartette, first place at the solo contests on the euphonium, second for baritone, and second and third for cornet playing; and also won the Oamaru contest on the 1st and 2nd of January, 1904.
, Conductor of the Dunedin Naval Band, was born in East Grinstead, Sussex, England. From an early age he displayed exceptional talents in music, and received his first training on the cornet under Mr. Pocock, Bandmaster of the Fifth Sussex Volunteer Band, in which Mr. Stratton was subsequently cornet player for some years. After Mr. Stratton's arrival in New Zealand he joined the Volunteer Band, then the principal band in Dunedin, and his two years' connection with it proved of great benefit to its progress. After his resignation from that band, he formed the Caledonian Band, which, after several years of excellent work, merged into the present Garrison Band, of which Mr. Stratton was the originator, and sole conductor until his resignation in 1881, when his services were recognised by the presentation of a gold-mounted baton. For two years subsequently Mr. Stratton made a musical tour through New Zealand, and then returned to Dunedin. The Kaikorai Band had been formed a short time previously, and Mr. Stratton was requested to assume its conductorship. He agreed to this, and with skilful tuition on his part, and assiduous application on that of the members, the band became one of the leading bands of New Zealand. On his resignation from the Kaikorai Band, after eighteen years' service, he accepted the conductorship of the Dunedin Naval Band, when it was in a state of disorganisation; but ho soon placed it on a different footing, and it now ranks as a leading band in Otago, and successfully takes part in many of the leading contests in New Zealand. Mr. Stratton's reputation as one of the most successful band conductors and trainers is well established and recognised in all musical circles in the colony. He is a member of the Masonic Lodge, Dunedin, No. 931, English Constitution, and a Past District Chief Ranger in the Order of Foresters. Mr. Stratton is locker in the Customs Department, Dunedin.
Mr. G. B. Laidlaw, Conductor. This popular band was first started in 1881 with thirteen members, and Mr. Thomas Chapman as its first conductor. In March, 1884. Mr. Chapman retired, and Mr. E. Stratton, the present conductor of the Dunedin Naval Band, was appointed to fill his place. He held the position till 1902, when he was succeeded by Mr. G. B. Laidlaw. The band, which has always taken a high place at association contests, numbers thirty performers, and is supplied with a complete set of Boosey's celebrated brass instruments, supplied by the George Street Pianoforte and Organ Company, London. Three representatives from the band accompanied the New Zealand band on its English tour.
, Conductor of the Kaikorai Brass Band, was born in Rothesay, Scotland, in 1863, and studied the cornet, and also harmony, under Monsieur E. T. de Banzie, a leading musician of Glasgow. He subsequently played under Herr Venize, Musical Director of Colonel Mapelson's Italian Opera Company, and for Mr. Good-son, Conductor of the Carl Rosa Opera Company, and numerous other celebrated conductors. For fourteen years Mr. Laidlaw was bandmaster of the first Argyle and Bute Volunteer Artillery Bund, one of the finest bands in Scotland, and during that time was also conductor of the Rothesay Corporation Military Band. During the years 1899 and 1900 he was musical director of the Scottish and National Orchestra. He arrived in New Zealand in 1901, and was shortly afterwards appointed bandmaster to the Kaikorai Band, now one of the leading bands in the Middle Island of New Zealand. Mr. Laidlaw is also conductor of the Lawrence and Ravensbourne Bands. As a Freemason he belongs to Lodge St. Patrick. Irish Constitution.
was first started early in the year 1897. A meeting was then held in one of the rooms of the Caledonian Society, at the instance of the promoters, Dr. Gordon Macdonald, Mr. A. Gray, and Mr. W. Duncan Hume. The meeting appointed a committee, and elected Mr. A. Gray pipe-major, and Mr. W. Duncan Hume secretary. Mr. Gray, a masterly player on the bagpipes and an accomplished student of bagpipe music, twice a week gave instruction to the first members of the band, in a rented room in Rattray Street. The band made its first appearance in public in 1899. Its equipment was, naturally, not so full as it is now; at present it has sixteen pipers, four drummers, a bugler, pipe-major, drum-major, drill instructor and secretary. The original instruments, which cost £250, were bought by the bandsmen, who also expended about £80 of their own money in rent for their practice room. Over £300 was spent on uniforms in Gordon tartan—that worn by the celebrated 92nd Highlanders; and
The bagpipe was used in war in the fifteenth century, and before the dawn of the sixteenth century it was firmly established, and nearly every burgh in Scotland had its paid piper. Its popularity spread to England, and old records show that it was no unusual thing for Scottish towns to engage English pipers. One thing Scotsmen can claim is that, though bagpipes in the rude form can still be found among the mountaineers of Italy and in other places. Scotland undoubtedly invented the bagpipe as we know it. An old set of Highland bagpipes now in Edinburgh bears date 1409, and at that early period they show an immense improvement on the rude instruments seen in ancient carvings, and are much superior to the Italian pipes of the present day. They are beautifully carved and ornamented, but have only two drones in place of the three now carried. At the present time there are in Britain three distinct makes of bagpipes–the great Highland bagpipe, the English or Lowland bagpipe, smaller in size and worked by bellows under the arm, and the Irish bagpipe, also played by bellows. The English and Scottish bagpipe are very similar, but the Irish bagpipe is quite a different instrument. In the seventeenth century there were academies of music in the Highlands of Scotland, and Pennant, the traveller, who visited the Hebrides in 1774, describes one of these collegiate edifices. The Mac-Arthurs and MacCrimmons were celebrated instructors of bagpipe music, and their reputation was so great that no one was considered a perfect player unless he had been instructed or finished by them. Gentlemen who sent their pipers to these instructors had to pay their board and tuition for from six to twelve years, and that time was entirely devoted to the acquirement of pibrochs alone, for reels or quicksteps were never taught in those establishments. As to bagpipe music, it may be said that its great charm and difficulty lie in the interposition of appoggiaturas or grace-notes used for purposes of embellishment. At any rate, it is a fact that at pubic gatherings and processions, and in military parades and marches, the music seems to get into one's blood and heels, and fatigue is forgotten in the ensuing exhilaration.
. Pipe-Major of the Dunedin Pipe Band, was born in Edinburgh, Scotland, and came to New Zealand in 1893. Mr. Hume has always taken a great interest in all matters pertaining to Scottish national music, and, in conjunction with Mr. Alexander Gray, organised and formed the Dunedin Pipe Band. From the outset Mr. Hume has contributed largely to the band's success, and has been successively its secretary, junior sergeant, and colour-sergeant, and, on the retirement of Mr. Gray, he became its pipe-major. Mr. Hume was also honorary piper to the Dunedin Burns' Club, and an active member and honorary piper in the Dunedin Highland Rifle Corps, but retired from those positions on the formation of the Pipe Band.
, the first Pipe-Major of the Dunedin Pipe Band, was born in Aberdeenshire. Scotland, and arrived in Dunedin in 1872. He was for seven years in the Government service, as a mounted constable, and also in the Prison Department. In 1881 he started an ironmongery business in South Dunedin, and carried it on successfully until his retirement sixteen years later. For two years Mr. Gray gave instructions in the violin and the pipes, and in 1899 purchased the Oban Hotel. He originated the Dunedin Pipe Band, now one of the leading pipe bands in New Zealand, and was its sole instructor for three years and a half. Owing to his hotel demanding his time and attention, Mr. Gray resigned his position as Conductor and Pipe Major, and in recognition of his services was presented by the members of the band with a gold-mounted malacca cane, and a gold medal suitably inscribed; and Mrs Gray received a valuable ring. During the South African war Mr. Gray was Pipe-Major at all the patriotic functions held in Dunedin, and was specially requested by the New Zealand Government to act as Pipe-Major to the New Zealand representative volunteers sent to take part at the opening of the Federal Parliament in 1901. When the Duke and Duchess of Cornwall and York visited Dunedin, the Dunedin Pipe Band took a prominent part in all the functions. Mr. Gray is a member of the Caledonian Society, and as a Freemason belongs to Lodge St. Andrew, 432. Scottish Constitution. He married Miss Isabella Stewart, second daughter of the late Mr. Alexander Stewart, of his Majesty's Customs, a prominent colonist in the early days of Dunedin.
, Wholesale and Retail Importers of Pianos, Organs, Music, and every description of musical instruments and requisites, Music Publishers, Tuners and Repairers, 21 and 23 Princes Street, Dunedin; 86 and 89 Stafford Street, Timaru; 77 Willis Street, Wellington; Esk Street, Invercargill; and at 23 Moorfields, London, E.C. Bankers, Bank of New Zealand. This extensive and prosperous business, which occupies the foremost place of its kind in New Zealand, was established by the late Mr. Charles Begg immediately
after his arrival in the Colony by the ship “Robert Henderson” on the 8th of October, 1861. The founder of the firm had served a thorough apprenticeship to every branch of the piano manufacturing industry in Aberdeen, Scotland. He started business for himself at 152 Union Street in that town in March, 1849, and soon earned a first-class reputation for his make of pianos. His business steadily increased until it reached an average output of thirty-five pianos per month. Not a few of these instruments were brought to the Colony by the purchasers
. Dinedin. That New Zealanders are lovers of music may be gathered from the extensive
. Pianoforte Importer, Tuner and Repairer, St. Andrew Street, Dunedin. Bankers, Bank of New Zealand. Mr. Hogg was born in Edinburgh in 1849, and served his apprenticeship to piano tuning and repairing with Messrs. A. Robertson and Co. of that city. He remained in their service till 1870, when he went to Glasgow where he was or ten years with Messrs Paterson Sons and Co. Owing to ill-health Mr. Hogg had to leave Glasgow for a milder climate and decided try New Zealand. On his landing in Dunedin in 1880, he sought employment as a tuner and repairer of pianos, and soon acquired a good connection; after ten years he decided to import a stock of pianos and organs, and opened the premises in St. Andrew Street, where he is able to supply English pianos and American organs at an exceptionally reasonable price. Mr. Hogg is a firm believer in the future of New Zealand, and does not sympathise with pessimism; his experience being that a good field can always be found by a willing worker.
The leading New Zealand newspapers are well edited, and compare favourably with their Australian contemporaries. This is natural, seeing that most of the literary talent of the colony finds expression through the channels of journalism, though in a few individual cases colonial writers of repute have settled in London, where they have obtained good literary positions, and in some instances have written works of unquestioned merit. The first number of the “Otago Journal” was published at Edinburgh, in January, 1848, but the first newspaper established in the young settlement was the “Otago News,” which had four pages, and was sold at sixpence a copy. It started on its short career on the 13th of December, 1848, and bore the following imprint: “Printed and published every alternate Wednesday afternoon, at 3 o'clock, by Mr. H. B. Graham, Rattray street, Dunedin, Otago, New Zealand.” With its fourteenth number the “Otago News” commenced a weekly issue, and it was enlarged on the 9th of June, 1849. Despite this enterprise the struggle for existence was brief; it gave up the ghost on the 21st of December, 1850, and its last issue contained a farewell leader written by the editor. A short interregnum was broken by the birth of the “Otago Witness,” on the 8th of February, 1851. This enterprising journal, which is more fully referred to in another article, has maintained an unbroken course to the present day, and is now (1904) the only illustrated weekly published in Otago. On the 26th of December, 1856, the first number of the “Colonist” appeared, but in 1862 it became incorporated with the “Daily Telegraph,” which ceased publication two years later. On the 16th of February, 1861, the “Southland News” (now the “Southland Daily News”) was first published in Invercargill; and on the 9th of March, in that year, the “Southern News and Foveaux Straits Herald” came into existence at the same place. The “Otago Daily Times,” which published its first issue on the 15th of November, 1861, bears the distinction of being the oldest daily newspaper in New Zealand. Its history is interestingly described in another article. In November, 1862, the “Invercargill (Southland) Times” was established; and the Dunedin “Evening Star,” to which full reference is made in another column, dates its existence from June, 1863. About this period the development of the country districts—accelerated by the opening up of the goldfields—became very active. On the 2nd of February, 1864, the “Riverton Times” came into existence, and three days later the “Mount Ida Chronicle and Hamilton Advertiser” was first issued. The “Bruce Herald” started its career on the 15th of April of the same year, and on the 29th of the following October the “Waikouaiti Herald” made its first appearance.
Another well-known country newspaper, the “North Otago Times,” was first brought out in the year 1864, and has ever since been published at Oamaru. The “Evening Independent” was started by Mr. George Bell, about 1865, but on purchasing the “Evening Star” in 1869, he wound up the “Independent.” The first number of the “Tuapeka Press” was published on the 21st of May, 1866, and amalgamated three years later with the “Tuapeka Times.” The “Otago Punch” commenced its short and merry life on the 3rd of September, 1866; and the “Echo,” a freethought paper, was started and edited by Mr. Robert Stout (now Chief Justice Sir Robert Stout) in the later sixties, and ran for several years. “The Sun,” a daily morning newspaper, was founded about 1868 by Mr. Julius Vogel, who was its editor, and afterwards became specially well known as the author of the colony's public works and immigration policy, as Premier, and Sir Julius Vogel. But though the “Sun” was bright enough
has the honour of being the first daily newspaper published in New Zealand. It came into being without much preliminary preparation or discussion, and its advent was directly due to the discovery of gold in the Tuapeka district in April, 1861. Prior to that time Dunedin could hardly claim to be even a town—certainly it was less so before the discovery of gold at Tuapeka than many of the centres of population throughout the province that had to be satisfied with the name of “township” in the stirring times that speedily followed Gabriel Read's discovery of the glittering metal in the lonely gully which has since then borne his name. In another article a short history of the “Daily Times'” predecessor, the “Otago Witness,” is given, and there reference is made to the arrival in the colony from Victoria of Mr. Julius Vogel, a brilliant newspaper writer, and a man whose confidence in himself, convincing arguments, and generally masterful character, induced the proprietor of the “Otago Witness” to embark in what was at that time undoubtedly a bold enterprise—the production of a daily newspaper. The venture was Mr. Cutten's own at first, but in a few weeks Mr. Vogel was taken into partnership, the name of the firm being Cutten and Vogel. Mr. Vogel from the first took the position of editor, and the commercial management of the business was given to Mr. B. L Farjeon, who, like Mr. Vogel, had come to Dunedin from Victoria very shortly after the announcement of the discovery of gold in Otago. Mr. Daniel Campbell, who had been Mr. Cutten's manager for some years, became manager of the practical departments of the office. It may here be noted that during Mr. Farjeon's connection with the management of the “Times” he wrote his first novels. “Shadows on the Snow” and “Grif,” and, being a compositor, frequently took his position at case beside the men who were engaged in setting up the manuscript of the books, and assisted in their production. There are still connected with the “Times” these who recollect the sharp-witted, bustling author, standing at case beside them and rapidly setting the type of portions of his novels without any manuscript to refer to but developing his plots and characters as he went on. With the success of the goldfields, population flowed into Dunedin in thousands. The new arrivals were brought in large steamers and sailing vessels from Melbourne, and the prosaic little village was transformed in a short space of time into a large and prosperous town. The success of the “Otago Daily Times” was assured, and under the shrewd and progressive management of Mr. Farjeon, and the able literary control of Mr. Vogel, it soon attained a large circulation and was filled with advertisements. Mr. Vogel also acted as editor of the “Witness,” which, however, for a time took a somewhat subordinate position, and was practically only a reprint of the “Times.” Mr. Cutten did not retain his interest in the business very long. He was a man of a contented disposition, and the worries incident to morning newspaper proprietorship induced him to part with his share in the concern to Mr. Farjeon. Of a restless and ambitious character, Mr. Vogel soon developed political aspirations; he became an ardent politician, and on the 27th of June. 1863, he entered the Otago Provincial Council as member for Waikouaiti. Meanwhile the private ownership of the paper had merged into that of a public company—the first Otago Daily Times and Witness Company. Many prominent business and professional men of the day held shares, and on the directorate of the company were men of great capacity and shrewdness. Mr. Farjeon retired from the management in December, 1867, and Mr. Campbell was appointed to the position. The paper had its vicissitudes, however, for, like most towns that owed their sudden rise in population and business to rich gold discoveries, Dunedin was subject to periods of depression, and these did not conduce to harmonious relations with the company's editor, who had been devoting more and more of his time to politics. He had become one of the leading spirits in the Provincial Executive, and the directors, believing that the two positions were not compatible, decided on dispensing with Mr. Vogel's services. Their resolve was given effect to in 1868, not, however, without protest from Mr. Vogel. The position was given to Mr. George Burnett Barton, a lawyer and highly educated man, and a resident of Sydney. Mr. Barton's occupancy of the editorial chair was not a success, certain libel actions having resulted—notably a celebrated case which became known as the “Telegram Libel Case, and was the result of some editorial comments made by Mr. Barton on the administration of the Telegraph Department, and caused by the abstraction of a special telegram that was coming to the “Daily Times” from Melbourne by steamer. The case cost the company a very large sum of money. Mr. Barton resigned, and was succeeded in the editorial chair by Mr. W. D. Murison, a sheepfarmer of good education, and the possessor of qualifications for the post. About two years previously Mr. J. G. Fraser had been appointed to the position of manager of the company. Mr. Murison held the position of editor until 1877. A remarkable event in the history of the “Times” took place towards the close of that year. For about four years there had been published in opposition to the “Times” another morning paper of considerable merit—the “Otago Guardian.” Originally started by a public company, it had been vigorously
The “Times” has made marked and continuous progress in common with other leading journals in the colony, and its advancing business has necessitated several enlargements of the premises and great additions to its plant. In 1897 Mr. Fenwick made a visit to the United States and England to inquire into the respective merits of the linotype and monotype setting and casting machines, and purchased in England an equipment of the former. The public have derived great benefit from the introduction of this wonderful labour saving machine; larger papers being issued and a considerable proportion of the money saved through the new method of composition being expended in other directions.
In its politics the “Times” is conservative in tone, but it is essentially a paper conducted in the spirit of true Liberalism. The paper has the fullest confidence of the large community it serves in the southern part of the colony. It is conducted with absolute fairness, and with an ever watchful eye to serving the best interests of every deserving section of the community. Its tone is unexceptionable, and its conductors have for many years received frequent and gratifying testimony to the success of their efforts to keep the columns of the paper free from any thing that is objectionable. The “Times' has been for many years a strenuous and consistent advocate of Free Trade; and in dealing with local affairs it has proved itself a trenchant critic and a vigorous advocate of changes and reforms in various directions in social and commercial life.
There have been a number of changes in the editorship of the paper during the fortythree years it has been in existence, but none of the predecessors of the present editor occupied the position for any lengthened period with the exception of Mr. W. D. Murison and Mr. R. E. N. Twopeny, the former of whom sat in the editorial chair from February, 1871, until nearly the close of 1877; while Mr. Twopeny held the position for about eight years, when he resigned. On this vacancy taking place the Board of Management offered the position to their Managing Director, it being their wish that Mr. Fenwick should hold the dual position if he found, after adequate trial, that the responsibilities and work of the two offices were net too great a strain on him. Mr Fenwick has held the joint position to the entire satisfaction of his colleagues on the directorate for a period of nearly fourteen years, thus having held office for a much longer term than any of his predecessors.
, J.P., who holds the combined positions of Managing Director of the Company that owns the “Times” and “Witness,” and editor of the “Times.” was born in Sunderland, England, in 1847. With his parents he came to Melbourne, landing there on the 1st of January, 1853. After a residence in the Victorian capital of between three and four years, the family came to Dunedin. and at the age of twelve the subject of this sketch was apprenticed to the proprietor of the “Otago Witness,” then a very small sheet, published weekly, and the only newspaper in the province. He remained in the office for about seven years, during which gold was discovered at the Lindis
Pass and at Tuapeka—at the latter in April. 1861. The deposits at Tuapeka proved to be of such extraordinary richness as to completely revolutionise the business and social life of Dunedin. The starting of the “Otago Daily Times” on the 15th of November, 1861, was followed by a great development of the general printing business attached to the office, and it was here, under first-class tuition, that Mr. Fenwick learned his trade as a printer. In 1866 a desire to see more of the world took possession of him, and at the age of nineteen he left for Sydney, where he obtained employment in the office of Gibbs, Shallard and Co. While there he was selected for a position on the “Cleveland Bay Express,” a newspaper that had been started at Townsville, in Northern Queensland, and then in its earliest days. He took up his position in due course, but the death of his mother, when he had been
can boast of an uninterrupted career of over fifty years, and, of the two which can lay claim to the honour in New Zealand, the “Otago Witness” is the only one which has continued as a weekly paper during the whole period, the “Lyttelton Times,” which commenced publication a month prior to the “Witness, having been changed to a daily in the middle of the sixties.
The history of the “Otago Witness” is practically identical with that of the provincial district of Otago. Started on the 8th of February, 1851, within three years of the arrival of the first settlers, it has had a career of uninterrupted success, and has steadily progressed with the development of the colony. The intention of the founders of the settlement was that Dunedin should, as nearly as possible, he made a duplicate of Edinburgh, from which it takes its name. With this end in view, the streets were called after those of the parent city, and it was a matter of course that the newspaper should follow suite; hence the “Witness” of Edinburgh, rendered famous by its connection with Hugh Miller, the geologist, was perpetuated in the new settlement by the establishment of the “Otago Witness. The paper was a small sheet of four fourcolumn pages at the start; but with the progress of the settlement it was speedily enlarged to eight pages, and, as evidence of the enterprise of the proprietors, a wood engraver was at one time a member of its staff, a weekly illustration being printed on the first page. Mr. W. H. Cutten, whose sons are members of the well known engineering firm of that name of the present day. was the first editor, the proprietary at that time being a number of business men of the embryo city, who were constituted a committee of management. These, however, ultimately handed the paper over to Mr. Cutten, who, on the outbreak of the goldfields, in 1861, was joined by Mr. Julius Vogel; the establishment of the “Daily Times” being the result of the partnership. with Mr. Vogel as editor and Mr. B. L. Farjeon, commercial manager. The “Witness” was to some extent neglected at this period, the editing being in the hands of the sub-editor of the “Daily Times,” Mr. H. W. Robinson, who retired in 1863 to accept the position of Goldfields Warden and Resident Magistion. Mr. George Bell succeeded Mr. Robinson, and was in turn succeeded by Mr. Robert Wilson, under whose control the “Witness” was rendered independent of the “Daily Times” staff. Mr. Wilson did good work during the time he had control of the paper, but his career was unfortunately terminated by the disastrous fire in Ross's Buildings, Octagon, in September, 1879, of which he was one of the victims. Mr. William Fenwick, who had been engaged in printing the paper and assisting Mr. Wilson in the literary work, was appointed to the position thus rendered vacant, and he has had editorial control of the “Witness,” unterruptedly, up to the present day.
The “Witness” of recent years naturally presents a marked contrast to that of the early days of the settlement. It is now a large weekly of from seventy-six to eightyfour pages, according to requirements; has a neat blue cover, and from eight to twelve pages of capitally executed half tone engravings, besides a weekly cartoon; and possesses an exceptionally strong staff of original contributors. The variety to its contents has made it indispensible to town and country readers alike, and as a consequence its circulation is exceedingly large and continually increasing. It has solicitously furthered the encouragement of native talent, having introduced to the literary world a number of writers of acknowledged ability. It is, in short, a newspaper with an ideal before it—that ideal being a weekly reproduction of interesting news and information generally, and presented in such a manner as to be unexceptionable. Thus it is that the “Witness” is to be found through out the length and breadth of Otago, and largely throughout New Zealand as well. The racing man and the minister of the gospel. the miner and the farmer, the teacher and the pupil, the student of affairs and the seeker after news, the matron and the maid—all read, enjoy, and quote the “Witness.
, Editor of the “Otago Witness,” has had a life-long connection with newspapers. Though born in England, he was only an infant when his parents left the Old Country for Melbourne in 1852, and as they arrived in Dunedin in 1856, almost all his life has been passed in New Zealand. He was educated at the public schools and at Mr. J. L. Shaw's Grammar School, and commenced his news
, carries on business in a commodious brick building in Bond Street, Dunedin, and has one of the best equipped printing offices in New Zealand.
has held the important position of Manager of the “Evening Star” Company, Limited, since 1872, during the full period of its rise and prosperity He was born at Nailsworth, near Stroud, in Gloucestershire, England, in 1830. and removed at an early age to Glasgow, where he was educated. There he entered the office of the “North British Railway and Shipping Journal,” which was published by Mr. George Mills, son of a Lord Provost of Glasgow, and was subsequently connected with the “Glasgow Examiner.” He afterwards entered the service of the Caledonian Railway Company, and eventually that of the firm of William Baird and Co., iron masters, by whom he was employed as cashier at their Lugar ironworks. On returning to Glasgow, he accepted the position of cashier in the firm of Messrs Schrader and Mitchell. leather, bark, and hide factors. From his youth Mr. Jago took an active interest in the Total Abstinence movement, and he was engaged to proceed to New Zealand as lecturer to the Dunedin Total Abstinence Society. Accordingly he arrived at Port Chalmers in 1862, by the ship “Cheviot.” Having fulfilled his mission, he commenced business in Dunedin, and, in 1872, was appointed to his present position. Mr. Jago has always been a moving spirit in the cause of Total Abstinence and Prohibition, and social reforms generally. During the whole period of its existence, from 1873 to 1900, he was editor of the “Temperance Herald.” He also served on the Dunedin school committee in the early days, and, in later years, was a member of the Otago Education Board. Mr. Jago also took a great interest in the Dunedin Athenacum, and was a member of its committee when the present building was erected.
one of the two daily newspapers published in Dunedin, was founded in June, 1863, by G. A. Henningham and Co., edited by Mr. George Henningham. and printed at the office of Mills. Dick and Co., in Stafford Street. After a time the property passed into the hands of Mr. W. J. Henningham. and was printed by him on premises in Manse Street (previously occupied by Shaw, Harnett and Co.), adjacent to the present Wain's Hotel. Mr. J. A. Torrance was then the manager and the printer; Mr. M. Cohen served as a junior reporter; the late Mr. George Minifie was pressman; and Mr. Gilbert Buchanan (who has been printer to the paper since the back end of the seventies) was Mr. Henningham's first apprentice. Mr. Minifie died some years afterwards, having worked the first machine (a single feeder Wharfdale) employed by the paper, while Mr. Torrance severed his connection many years ago to become chaplain to the asylums, hospital, and gaol—a post that he has worthily held ever since. In June, 1869, Mr. Henningham, whose proprietorship of the “Sun” (a morning paper that was started in opposition to the “Daily Times” and ran a course of about 100 days under the editorship of Mr. Julius Vogel) had landed him in serious monetary difficulties, was obliged to call his creditors together, and eventually his interest in the “Evening Star” was sold by the liquidators to Mr. George Bell (who had also been connected with the editorial staff of the “Daily Times”) who was then publishing in Stafford Street, at the premises of Mills, Dick and Co., a small evening paper called the “Independent.” At that time the “Star” was issued from premises in Stafford Street (now forming part of Ross and Glendining's hat factory) that in the early days of Otago had been the home of the “Colonist,” a morning paper edited by Mr. F. J. Moss, well known in the early politics of Otago, for Mr. T. Lambert, one of Otago's pioneer printers. Mr. Bell's first act on acquiring proprietorship was to remove his plant to Brown's, at the corner of Princes and Stafford Streets, and under that roof was also published the “Telegraph” (a threepenny weekly that had a very brief career), and the “Southern Mercury,” which will ever be associated with the memories of Vincent Pyke and Thomas Bracken, who put some of their best work into its pages. Mr. R. O. Carrick was also mining editor of the “Mercury.” Mr. Bell at once amalgamated the “Independent” with the “Star,” and for a short time issued a morning paper, named the “Morning Star,” which was eventually merged in the “Guardian,” under the editor ship of the late Robert J. Creighton, for whom Mr. George Fenwick was business manager. It was after this period that the real upbuilding of the “Evening Star” began. Mr. Bell bestowed upon it a vast amount of care; he undertook the editing of it himself, and gradually gathered about him a strong staff. The activity thus displayed led to the firm establishment of the paper and gave it the vitality which enabled it in after years to outlast all rivals. Mr. Bell held the reins as editor till 1895, when, having reached a very advanced age, he handed the business over to his family, who converted it into a limited liability concern; Mr. Bell died in February, 1899. The first commercial manager appointed by Mr. Bell was Mr. J. B. Whiteway, who was succeeded in 1872 by Mr. J. W. Jago, who still retains that position. The “Star' has always been a very steady employer in all departments, matters having been so arranged of set purpose by Mr. Bell when he took control, and have been so continued since then by his successors. In witness of this it may be mentioned that seven of the present employees, Mr. M. Cohen (editor), Mr. A. E. Cohen (the principal sub-editor), Mr. J. W. Jago (manager), Mr. G. Buchanan (printer), Mr. Andrew Walker (one of the readers), Mr. T. J. Walker (chief of the reporting staff), and Mr. Joseph Deaker (compositor) have seen over thirty years' continuous service; and several others have been employed from the early seventies. Stability has also marked the “Star's” politics, and it has a reputation for the reliability
, Editor of the “Evening Star,” was born in London in November, 1849, and at the age of four sailed with his parents for Victoria, Australia. He was educated, first in Melbourne, and afterwards at Ballarat under Mr. John H. Pope, who subsequently was for many years chief inspector of Native Schools for New Zealand. In 1863 Mr. Cohen arrived in Dunedin, where he was apprenticed to the sign writing and painting trade, under the late Mr. Borthwick. Later, however, he entered the service of the legal firm of Messrs Ward and O'Loghlen, and whilst there studied law. In 1865 he joined the employment of the “Otago Daily Times,” and in 1866, entered the service of the late Mr. W. J. Henningham, who was proprietor of the “Evening Star,” and was soon taken on the reporting staff of that journal. In 1869 he joined the “Sun,” then under the editorship of Sir Julius Vogel, and with Mr. Ebenezer Fox as chief of the reporting staff. The “Sun” ceased publication in 1869, and Mr. Cohen returned to the staff of the “Evening Star,” on which he held, successively, the position of chief reporter and subeditor, and was appointed editor in 1893. Mr. Cohen has for many years taken a keen interest in education. In 1884 he was elected a member of the Union Street school committee. He was for many years a member of the executive of the Dunedin and Suburban Schools Conference, of which he was secretary and chairman in succession; was elected to the Education Board of Otago in 1896 and served as chairman in 1898–9; was one of the founders of the Free Kindergarten Association, and assisted to establish the Dunedin Technical Classes Association, on the management of which he served for many years, and was mainly responsible for the acquirement of the Association's present “home.” Mr. Cohen served the ratepayers of Leith Ward for several years on the Dunedin City Council. He has also shown considerable interest in various phases of social life, and has frequently taken the platform to advocate his views. Mr. Cohen was married, in December, 1879, to Miss Sarah Isaacs, eldest daughter of the late Mr. Wolf Isaacs, and has two daughters and one son.
of the rise and progress of “The Outlook” comprehends a reference to the several papers published in the early days of the Presbyterian Church of New Zealand. Although at the close of its sitting in 1862, the First General Assembly of the Northern Church recommended the establishment of a periodical, nothing was done until 1866, when the Rev. C. Fraser, the pioneer Presbyterian minister in Canterbury, started, on his own responsibility, a small magazine, named “The New Zealand Presbyterian,” published in Christchurch, issued quarterly, and containing about fifty pages. Its name was afterwards changed to “The Canterbury Presbyterian and Record of Church News,” but it had a somewhat chequered existence. On the 1st of January, 1872. “The New Zealand Presbyterian Magazine” was published in Auckland. It was edited by the Rev. R. Sommerville, and, in size and plan, it was the same as its Canterbury contemporary. Its name was changed subsequently to “The Presbyterian Church News,” but it languished for want of funds.
The first publication in connection with the Otago Church was “The Evangelist,” started by Dr. James Copland, M.A., Ph.D., M.D., at Lawrence, in conjunction with Messrs Matthews and Fenwick, the then proprietors of the “Tuapeka Press.” It was a small monthly, printed on a hand press, and stitched on an ordinary sewing machine, and first appeared in January, 1869, In March, 1874. Dr. Copland removed to Dunedin, and “The Evangelist” was then enlarged and published in that city for a further period of five years, chiefly under the pilotage of the Rev. Dr. Stuart. In 1880 the Otago Synod resolved to start a new monthly periodical, which, named “The New Zealand Presbyterian” was edited by Dr. Salmond. until his retirement, when appointed to a chair in the University of Otago in 1886. Dr. Watt afterwards acted as editor for a time. and then the duty devolved upon a committee with Dr. Stuart at the head.
In 1893 the Otago Synod accepted the offer of Messrs Wilkie and Co., of Dunedin, to publish a weekly paper to be known as “The Christian Outlook,” under the editor ship of Dr. Waddell. It was a paper of sixteen pages, price one penny, and it speedily attained a circulation of 5,000 copies. The first number was issued in February, 1894, and the General Assembly of the Northern Church adopted it as its organ. However, in spite of the fact that there was now but the one paper for the whole Presbyterian Church throughout the colony, the circulation slowly receded to about 3,500 copies weekly, and after running for five years, it became so unprofitable that Messrs Wilkie and Co. decided to abandon the venture.
Arrangements were then made with the Otago Daily Times and Witness Company for the publication of a thirty-two page weekly, to be issued at a penny, under its present title “The Outlook: a Christian weekly for the Home.” The company accepted the financial risk attached to the venture; Dr. Waddell still continuing the editorship. In addition to being the official organ of the Presbyterians, the Congregational Union passed a resolution making it their official organ, and the circulation steadily increased. Another advance was made in 1901, when the Methodist Conference decided to cease the publication of their paper “The Advocate.” and take a share in the “Outlook,” which, enlarged to forty pages, henceforth occupied the unique position of being the official organ of the three evangelical bodies—the Presbyterian, the Methodist, and the Congregational Churches of New Zealand, with a circulation of between 8,000 and 9,000 copies weekly in the following July, owing to a breakdown in health, Dr. Waddell vacated the editorial chair, his place being successively filled for brief periods by the Rev. J. Chisholm and Mr. W. Hutchison. Dr. Waddell's health has recently so far improved as to enable him to act as supervising editor of the “Outlook,” with Mr. A. H. Grinling as acting editor in chief, the Rev. T. G. Brooke, as Methodist editor, and the Rev. E. Taylor as Congregational editor.
was founded in 1873 by the late Bishop Moran, with the object, as stated in the first number issued on the 3rd of May of that year, “of supplying good reading matter to the Catholios of New Zealand, and to defend Catholic principles and Catholic interests generally.” Whilst putting religious interests in the first place, the “Tablet” does not neglect or overlook the interests of civil society, and, not being allied to any political party, it has at all times been free to discuss political principles and measures. The paper, which is the only organ of the Catholic body in New Zealand, has a circulation throughout every part of the colony, and its views, as expressed in the editorial columns, are accepted by the general public as the expression of the opinions of the Catholic community, which forms over one-seventh of the population. The late Bishop Moran, who was a brilliant and incisive writer, took a lending part in the editing of the paper for a number of years. The Rev. H. W. Cleary has been editor since January, 1898. The “Tablet” is owned by a limited liability company, consisting of the Bishop, clergy, and laity. It is
(John Smith, Harry A. Reynolds, J.P., and George Davis, proprietors) is a twelve-page weekly newspaper, and was established in 1893. In some respects its genesis was unique, for it was founded by a party of co-operative workmen, who were displaced by the cessation of the “Globe,” which was a daily evening newspaper, devoted (and sacrificed) to the interests of labour. The founders were all young and full of enthusiasm. Therefore they succeeded, and the “Weekly Budget” has now an assured circulation and standing. While favouring Liberalism in politics, it is not a violent partisan, and on occasions criticises the Government with marked freedom. It is not a newspaper in the ordinary sense of the word; but it aims to give its readers a weekly review of things dramatic, sporting, political, and general, and is therefore a welcome guest at thousands of firesides. It is an embodiment of the best features of a colonial penny weekly, and fills a creditable place in New Zealand journalism. The “Weekly Budget” is published on Fridays at Bath Street, Dunedin.
, one of the Proprietors of the “Weekly Budget,” was born and educated in Dunedin. He learned the business of printing with Messrs Wilkie and Co., and in 1893, in conjunction with his partners, started the publication of the “Budget” Mr. Smith takes no part in public affairs, as the management of the paper requires all his time and attention.
, J.P., one of the Proprietors, was born in Cambridge, England, and served his apprenticeship with the “Cambridge Chronicle.” He came to New Zealand in 1875, and was for two years subsequently employed on the “Otago Daily Times.” In 1877, he and some other gentlemen started the “Morning Herald,” the first penny paper issued in Dunedin. It ceased to exist in 1884. Mr. Reynolds has always taken a prominent part in local polities. He was a member of the Mornington Borough Council for sixteen years, and Mayor for the year 1893–4. He has also been a member of the Mornington school committee, of which he was chairman for three years. Mr. Reynolds was appointed a Justice of the Peace in 1894. As a Freemason he has gone through all the chairs of his lodge.
, one of the Proprietors of the “Weekly Budget,” was born in Melbourne, and came to New Zealand as an infant, with his parents. He was educated at Adamson's private school, and learned his trade chiefly in the office of the “Otago Daily Times,” though he subsequently visited many cities in New Zealand, while following his occupation as a compositor. He was one of the founders of the “Budget.” Mr. Davis has as yet taken no part in local politics, but he was a member of the Workers' Political Committee, to which he was nominated by the Otago Typographical Society.
The first appointment to the Supreme Court bench in Otago was that of Mr. Justice Stephen, in July, 1850. His position was practically a sinecure, as, the population being small and law-abiding, he had little or nothing to do; besides, he became mixed up with undignified personal quarrels, and in March, 1852, he left the settlement. Afterwards Mr. Justice Gresson, who was appointed to the Supreme Court at Christ-church in December, 1857, with jurisdiction over Otago and Southland, made periodical visits, until the gold discoveries rendered a change necessary. On the 21st of April, 1863, the Otago and Southland district was constituted under the Supreme Court Act, and assigned to the charge of Mr. Justice Richmond. Mr. H. S. Chapman was appointed, on the 23rd of March, 1864, a Judge of the Supreme Court, and as it was necessary on account of the great increase of business to assign another judge to the Otago district, he was given that position. In October, 1867, Mr. Justice Richmond was transferred to the Westland and Nelson district, and Mr. Chapman took a holiday in 1868. To fill the temporary vacancy District Judge Ward was raised to the Supreme Court bench during the pleasure of His Excellency the Governor, which, in this instance, meant during Mr. Chapman's absence. Mr. Chapman finally left the bench on the 31st of March, 1875, and Mr. Justice Williams, who was appointed to succeed him, still occupies the position.
Mr. Alfred Rowland Chetham Strode was the first Magistrate appointed to the settlement of Otago, and his successors, as Resident Magistrates, have been Messrs John Gillies, John Hyde Harris, Isaac Newton Watt, James Fulton, William Laurence Simpson, and Edgar Hall Carew; the last-named of whom still occupies the position.
. This handsome and conspicuous pile of buildings is most conveniently situated in a central position, and also somewhat removed from the streets of busy traffic. The Dunedin Gaol and the Police Station adjoin the Law Courts. These buildings occupy the whole of the triangular block bounded by Stuart, Castle, and Police Streets. The Law Courts stand on a corner site, and have a large entrance from Castle Street, and two entrances from Stuart Street. The ground floor accommodates the Supreme Court, Magistrate's Court, and Police Court, and contains the Judge's chambers, Supreme Court offices, Magisterial offices, Crown Solicitor's office, and witnesses' waiting rooms; also the public office of the Stipendiary Magistrate's Court, office of the Registrar, Deputy-Registrar, Clerk of Awards, the Patent Office, and the office of the Official Assignee. The handsomely furnished Law Library is upstairs, and so also are the offices of the Government Inspectors of Machinery. For general convenience the Law Courts of Dunedin are unrivalled in New Zealand.
His Honour Mr. JOSHUA STRANGE WILLIAMS, M.A., LL.M., Judge of the Supreme Court of New Zealand, is the eldest son of the late Mr. Joshua Williams, Q.C., who was author of well-known standard works on real and personal property. Judge Williams was born in 1837 in London, and was educated at Harrow during the head-mastership of the late Dr. Vaughan, and where he had for his tutor Mr. Westcott, afterwards Bishop of Durham. Continuing his studies at Trinity College, Cambridge, he was second in the first class in the law tripos of 1858, and a junior optime in the mathematical tripos of the following year, gaining also the gold medal given by the Chancellor of the University, the late Prince Consort, for legal studies. Mr. Williams took his degrees M.A. and LL.M. and was called to the Bar at Lincoln's Inn in the Michaelmas term of 1861 He studied conveyancing under his father and was a pupil in equity of Mr. (now Lord) Hobhouse. Heleft England in 1861, in search of health. by the ship “Derwentwater,” which brought many immigrants for Otago. As the captain feared the crew would desert owing to the gold “rush,” the ship lay outside the heads to disembark her passengers, and went on to Lyttelton. After a short visit to Dunedin at this early period of its history, when the sensation of the hour was the issue of the first numbers of the “Otago Daily Times.” Mr. Williams proceeded to Canterbury in December of the same year. Early in 1862, he was admitted barrister and solicitor of the Supreme Court of New Zealand, and commenced practice with Mr.
, Registrar of the Supreme Court, and Sheriff, and Mr. Arthur Stubbs, Deputy-Registrar and Deputy-Sheriff, Agent for the Patent Office, and Clerk of Awards under the Conciliation and Arbitration Act, were appointed to the above-named offices in 1890 and 1901 respectively.
, better known as Judge Chapman, was born in Kennington, Surrey, England, in 1803, and commenced his career in Esdaile's Bank. His father held an important position in the civil service. As a youth, he was sent to Holland to represent the interests of a mercantile house, for whom in 1823 he also went to Quebec, where at twenty-one he became a merchant. After many years, during which he drifted into journalism and politics, he gave up business and settled in Montreal in 1833. Subsequently, he visited England and returned with a complete printing plant, establishing the “Daily Advertiser,” the first daily paper in British North America. His partner, Mr. Samuel Revans, was afterwards well known in Wellington as the founder of its first newspaper. In 1834, Mr. Chapman was sent to England commissioned by the Liberal majority in the Assembly (not then in session) to confer with the leaders of the Liberal party, and represent the grievances of the Colonists. He continued to reside in England, and spent many years as a writer on political and social subjects, being associated with such men as Mill, Cobden, Parkes, and others. He contributed to most of the leading periodicals of the time and was the author of several important articles in the Encyclopædia Britannica. Mr. Chapman was married in 1840 to Miss Catherine Brewer, a daughter of a barrister, and the same year was called to the Bar at the Middle Temple. Commencing practice, he had some success till 1843 when he was appointed a judge of the Supreme Court of New Zealand: and after a six months' passage to Auckland, was sworn in on the 24th of December, 1843. He was stationed at Wellington, but had to visit Taranaki, Nelson, and occasionally Auckland on circuit. In March, 1852, he resigned his judgeship, and went to Tasmania, then known as Van Diemen's Land, as Colonial Secretary; but owing to difficulties with the Governor, he left in 1854 and settled in Melbourne. There he practised his profession and was twice attorney-general of Victoria. As a private member of the legislative council (before the introduction of the Constitution), he drew the ballot clauses for Mr. Nicholson, when that gentleman had carried a motion in favour of the ballot. Mr. Chapman was thus the inventor of the “mechanical” device known as the Australian Ballot, the leading principle of which is to encourage the voter to act on his instinct, and strike out the names of those to whom he is opposed rather than to actively express his preference for those whom he supports. This system now prevails in most of the Colonies, and has been widely adopted in the United States. Mr. Chapman held for several years the position of law lecturer to the Melbourne University, and for about eighteen months was a judge of the Supreme Court, during Mr. Justice Barry's leave of absence. In 1864 he was re-appointed to the New Zealand bench, and continued to perform the duties of his high office in Otago till 1875, when he retired on a pension. He was greatly interested in the Otago University, of which he was for some time chancellor. Mrs. Chapman, together with her eldest and youngest sons, and her only daughter, was lost in the s.s. “London” in 1866. Judge Chapman married a second time, and at his death on the 27th of December, 1881, left four sons, two of whom are settled in Victoria. The other two, Mr. M. Chapman, of Wellington, and Mr. F. R. Chapman, of Dunedin, became well known as members of the New Zealand bar. Mr. F. R. Chapman was appointed a Judge of the Supreme Court in September, 1903.
, is held in the large building known as the Law Courts, with an entrance from Castle and Stuart Streets. There are two large courtrooms situated on the south side of the north corridor. One room is used for civil and warden's business, and the other for criminal and police cases. On the north side of the corridor are the rooms occupied by the Stipendiary Magistrate and Chief Clerk, also the bailiff's room, a room for witnesses, and a large public room, where summonses are issued and the general office work conducted. The Civil Court sits on Mondays, Wednesdays and Fridays, and sometimes on Tuesdays. The Warden's Court holds sittings on the first Friday in each month. Mr. E. H. Carew, Stipendiary Magistrate and Warden, presides at these sittings. The Criminal Court sits daily. Mr. C. C. Graham, Stipendiary Magistrate, who is also Official Assignee in Bankruptcy, occupies the bench three days a week; Mr. E. H. Carew every Thursday, and local Jutices on other days. Mr. Carew also holds regular sittings at Port Chalmers, Mosgiel and Outram.
, Stipendiary Magistrate, Goldfields' Warden, Commissioner of the Native Land Court, and Coroner at Dunedin, also Chairman of the Licensing Committees of Dunedin, Chalmers, Caversham, and Taieri, was born in London. Educated at private schools in England, he
, Clerk of the Magistrate's and Warden's Courts, Mining Registrar, and Receiver of Gold Revenue, was born in Mayence, Germany, in September, 1842. He was educated at the Royal Naval School, New-cross, near London, and became a cadet in the Royal Navy in 1855. Mr. O'Callaghan has had an interesting naval and military career, served in the Russian and China wars, and afterwards in the New Zealand Militia during the Maori war. He was on board H.M.S. “Exmouth” in the Baltic at the bombardments of Sveaborg and Narva, and served on the Canton river in H.M.S. “Encounter,” at the taking of the Bogue forts; he was subsequently engaged in the capture of the French folly fort, the destruction of a fleet of junks, the attack on Canton in 1856, and at the final storming and capture of that city in the following year in H.M.S. “Actæon,” when Captain W. T. Bate of that ship was killed. He was present at the attack on the town of Santiang, at which place Captain R. Jenkins, who succeeded Captain Bate, was severely wounded, receiving no fewer than seven bullet wounds. Mr. O'Callaahan was a midshipman on board H.M.S. “Retribution” when she formed one of the squadron which proceeded up the Yangtse Kiang river in 1858, the other ships being H.M.S. “Furious,” with the flag of Lord Elgin, Plenipotentiary Extraordinary, H.M.S. “Cruiser,” and the gunboats “Lee” and “Dove.” The Yangtse Kiang river had been opened to British trade by the treaty of Tientsin, and Lord Elgin determined to prove the bona fides of the Chinese by pushing on to Hankow. At that time Nankin and many other towns on the river were in the hands of the Taeping rebels, and in these places the ships had to fight their way through. Before that time no ship had ever been beyond Nankin. At Nankin the “Retribution” lost one man killed, and had one officer and two men wounded. The expedition arrived safely at Hankow, where it became an object of great interest to the Chinese. After leaving China Mr. O'Callaghan served in H.M.S. “Aboukir,” 91 guns, in the Channel fleet, and H.M.S. “Miranda.” On leaving the Navy in 1863, with the rank of midshipman, he sailed for Auckland in the ship “Queen of Beauty” and joined the Militia, in which he served four years and a half. His first duty was to go to Sydney, New South Wales, to join the New Zealand gunboat “Pioneer,” then fitting out there for service in the Waikato river, as first officer under Captain Breton (late R.N.), and to bring her over to New Zealand. As lieutenant in the Wanganui Rangers, he was present at the occupation of Opotiki (after the murder by Kereopa of the Rev. C. Volkner), the engagement at Kiorikino, and other minor skirmishes, and afterwards saw active service at Patea. On the disbandment of his regiment in 1867, Mr. O'Callaghan engaged in mining on the Thames goldfield, and after two years went to England. On returning in 1870, he joined the Armed Constabulary, and served a year in the Waikato; he was afterwards for some months a clerk under the Auckland Provincial Government. In September, 1872, Mr. O'Callaghan was appointed clerk of the Magistrate's Court at Papakura, and in June, 1874, was transferred to a similar position at Onehunga. In 1884 the appointment of assistant clerk in the Auckland Court was added to his other duties. In the following year Mr. O'Callaghan was appointed clerk of the Magistrate's Court and deputy registrar of the Supreme Court at Invercargill. In June, 1887, he was transferred to Blenheim in a similar capacity, and also as sheriff, having subsequently to perform as well the duties of registrar of electors, returning officer, and registrar of births, marriages and deaths. In March, 1894, he was appointed sheriff, deputy registrar of the Supreme Court, and clerk of the District and Magistrate's Court at New Plymouth; and received his present appointments in February, 1897. Mr. O'Callaghan holds the Baltic medal, the China medal with Canton clasp, and the New Zealand medal. As a Freemason under the New Zealand Constitution, he was two years Master of Wairau Lodge, and is now a member of Lodge Hiram, Dunedin, and is a Past First Principal of the Otago Chapter No. 7. Mr. O'Callaghan was married, in 1870, to a daughter of Mr. John Kelly, of Mount Eden, Auckland. This lady died in 1883, leaving two sons and one daughter. In 1885 he married a daughter of Mr. J. Wayland, of Onehunga, and one son and one daughter have been born of this union.
, Clerk of the Stipendiary Magistrate's Court at Collingwood, Nelson, and formerly of Dunedin, was born in 1843 at Pembroke, South Wales, where he was educated at the Collegiate School, Pembroke Dock. He entered the Royal Artillery at the Woolwich riding school
. (John Archibald Duncan Adams and Alexander Samuel Adams), Barristers and Solicitors, Exchange Court, Princes Street, Dunedin. Telephone, 917. Bankers, National Bank of New Zealand. Private residences, Mr. J. A. D. Adams, Selkirk Street, Roslyn; Mr. A. S. Adams, Cargill Street. This well known legal firm was founded by the senior partner in conjunction with Mr. John Joyce under the style of Joyce and Adams in 1874. Mr. Joyce, who was afterwards a member of the House of Representatives for Lyttelton, retired in 1878; and the business was then conducted solely by Mr. Adams till 1884, when the present junior partner was admitted.
, B.A., LL.B., Barrister and Solicitor, Albert Buildings, Princes Street, Dunedin; Private residence: “Ury,” Pine Hill. Mr. Barclay was born in 1858 in Ireland, and came to the Colony as a lad, was educated at the Timaru public school, at Christ's College, Christchurch, and at Otago University, where he gained his B.A. degree in 1878, being the third in New Zealand to achieve that distinction. Six years later he took his LL.B. degree, and having passed the additional examination, was admitted a barrister and solicitor of the Supreme Court in 1885. Mr. Barclay was for several years in the office of Messrs. George and J. A. Cook, and began his present practice almost immediately after admission. In connection with the University of New Zealand he has been clerk of the Convocation since its inauguration in 1884, and has held the office of lecturer on constitutional history and law in University of Otago since 1891. He has been a member of the committee of the Athenæum for five years, is vice-president of the Fabian society, and secretary of the Dunedin chess club. Mr. Barclay was married in 1887 to a daughter of Mr. H. W. Baron, of Nevada, Dunedin, and has one son. In 1899 he was elected member of the House of Representatives for the city of Dunedin, defeating Mr. Scobie MacKenzie. He was, however, defeated at the election of 1902. His politieal career was lively and active, and was remarkable for his uncompromising denunciation of the South African war. In politics Mr. Barclay is an out-and-out Radical.
, Solicitor, 2 Octagon, Dunedin. Bankers, Bank of New Zealand. Private residence, 219 Moray Place East. Mr. Baron is the son of an old settler, Mr. Henry William Baron, who arrived at Nelson in the ship “Golconda,” on Christmas Day, 1859, and the grandson of the late Rev. John Baron, M.A. (Oxon.), vicar of Walsall, England. He was born at Dunedin in 1867, being educated privately until 1879, at the Otago Boys' High School until 1884, and at the New Zealand University, where he became an under-graduate in 1886. Mr. Baron studied law in the office of Messrs. Macassey, Kettle and Woodhouse, and passed his solicitor's final examination in 1889, and the barrister's final in the following year. He was admitted to practice as a solicitor in 1890, and almost immediately afterwards founded the present business. Mr. Baron has taken a good deal of interest in the Volunteer movement; joining the B Battery of the Artillery as a gunner in 1881, he became successively bombardier, corporal, and sergeant, the latter in 1889, and received his commission as lieutenant in June. 1895. He is well known as a rifle shot, having won, besides many other prizes, the Government medal for the best shot in the Otago district in 1893, and the Champion Belt of his battery in the following year. Some years ago Mr. Baron was a prominent long distance runner, cyclist, and fives player, and was one of the founders of the Dunedin Cycling Club, the Dunedin Amateur Athletic Club, the Otago University Football Club, and the University Students' Association. In 1893 a very severe attack of rheumatic fever, which brought him to the verge of the grave, caused him to sever his connection with several clubs. Politically, Mr. Baron is opposed to the Seddon Government, and holds office as a member of the council of the National Association.
(Alexander Bathgate and John Frederick Wood-house), Barristers and Solicitors, Water Street, Dunedin. Telephone, 34. Post Office Box, 274. Bankers: Bank of New Zealand. Private residences: Mr. Bathgate, “The Glen,” Morningto; Mr. Woodhouse, Alva Street. Mr. Bathgate was born and educated in Scotland. After arriving in New Zealand in 1863, he was for some years employed in a bank, but in 1869 he signed articles with Mr. G. K. Turton, completed them with his father, Mr. John Bathgate (afterwards Minister of Justice and a District Court Judge), and was admitted to practice in 1872. Mr. Woodhouse was born in 1854 in Auckland, and was educated at the Church of England grammar school. He was articled to Messrs. Macassey, Kettle and Co., and, on admission as a barrister and solicitor in 1882, joined that firm under the style of Macassey, Kettle and Woodhouse. When Mr. Kettle was appointed to a district judgeship in 1890 Mr. Bathgate joined Mr. Woodhouse, thus constituting the present firm.
, Barrister and Solicitor, Albert Buildings, Princes Street, Dunedin. Telephone, 323. Bankers, National Bank of New Zealand. This young lady has the distinguished honour of leading the way for her sex to the legal profession. A daughter of Mr. Henry Benjamin, well known in Dunedin, but now of London, Miss Benjamin was born in 1875. At school she
, Solicitor, Stafford Chambers, 73 Princes Street, Dunedin. Telephone, 63. P.O. Box, 45. Bankers: Bank of New Zealand. Private residence, Queen's Drive, Moutpellier, Mr. Brown-Durie was born at Irvine, Ayrshire, Scotland, in 1868, and was educated at the public school and at the Irvine Royal Academy. Upon leaving the academy he entered the office of Messrs Gilmcur and Christie, solicitors, Irvine, where he remained up to the time of his departure for New Zealand about eighteen months afterwards. He arrived in Port Chalmers about Christmas 1882, by the ship “Nelson,” and shortly afterwards entered the office of Messrs. Howorth and Hodgkins. When the partnership was dissolved, Mr. Brown-Durie remained on with Mr. Hodgkins till the time of his employer's death, in February, 1898. Mr. Brown-Durie was admitted a solicitor of the Supreme Court in 1894, and after the death of his employer commenced the practice of his profession. As an Oddfellow he is a member of the Hand and Heart Lodge, Manchester Unity, and takes considerable interest in shooting, being a member of the Dunedin Rifle Club.
(John Bartholomew Callan, B.A., LL.B., and John McRae Gallaway), Barristers and Solicitors, corner of Water and Vogel Streets, Dunedin. Telephone, 148. Post Office Box, 238. Bankers: Bank of Australasia. Private residences: Mr. Callan, Levin Street, Roslyn; Mr Gallaway, Queen's Drive, Musselburgh. Mr. Callan, who was born in Dublin, and educated at Melbourne university, where he gained his degrees in 1876, was admitted to the Bar both in Victoria and New Zealand in the following year, and established the present practice with Mr. Gallaway in 1882.
(Frederick Calvert and William Robert Brugh), Barristers and Solicitors, 41 Dowling Street, Dunedin. Telephone 322; Bankers, Bank of Australasia; Private residences: Mr. Calvert, 1 Queen Street; Mr. Brugh, 8 Victoria Street.
, Barrister and Solicitor, Australian Mutual Provident Society's Building, Princes Street, Dunedin. Mr. Chapman was articled in 1866 to the late Mr. James Macassey, and after studying law under him for some time completed his articles With Mr. E. P. Kenyon. He established his present practice in 1873, soon after his admission as a barrister and solicitor of the Supreme Court on the 24th of January of that year. Mr. Chapman is further referred to as a former Mayor of Dunedin.
, Solicitor, Dunedin. Mr. Cooke was born in 1868, in Dunedin, educated at the Boys' High School, studied for his profession in his native city, passed his examinations in 1889, and was admitted three years later. He has acted as managing clerk for Messrs. Kenyon and Hosking since 1889. As a Freemason he is attached to Lodge St. Andrew, E.C. Interested in cricket, he is a member of the Carisbrook cricket club, and acted as secretary for five years. Mr. Cooke is also an enthusiastic musician, and has been organist and choirmaster of the Moray Place Congregational Church since 1890.
(Peter Duncan and Hon, John MacGregor, ex-M.L.C), Barristers and Solicitors, Government Life Insurance Building, Princes Street, Dunedin. Telephone, 137. P.O. Box, 155. Bankers, National Bank of New Zealand. Private residences: Mr. Duncan, Ross Street, Roslyn; Mr. MacGregor, Anderson's Bay. London agents, Messrs. W. Martin Flegg and Son, 3 Laurence Pountney Hill, Cannon Street, E.C. This firm dates back to the 7th of January, 1878, since which the business has been conducted as at present constituted. Messrs. Duncan and MacGregor are solicitors to the Board of Governors of the Otago Boys' and Girls' High Schools, to the “Evening Star” Company, Ltd., the Roslyn Tramway Company, Dunedin, the New Zealand Express Company, Ltd., the Farmers' Agency Company, Dunedin, the Castle Hill Coal Company, Dunedin, Messrs. Reid and Gray, and many other large institutions; they conduct a large general conveyancing, Court, and trust business. Mr. Duncan, who was born in Dunedin in 1854, was educated at the Gymnasium, Aberdeen, Scotland, at Clifton, Gloucestershire, England, at the Dunedin Boys' High School, and at the Otago University. He studied for his profession
, Barrister and Solicitor, 5 Crawford Street, Dunedin. Telephone, 174. P.O. Box, 155. Bankers: Bank of New Zealand. Private residence, St. Clair. Mr. Fraser first established his practice in 1877 in Palmerston South, and transferred it to Dunedin four years later. For six years ending December, 1888, the firm was styled Fraser and Stilling. Mr. Fraser was born in Guernsey in 1852, and was educated at Victoria college, Jersey, Scotch college, Melbourne, Christ's college, Christchurch, and at the Dunedin high school. He is the second son of the late Hon. Captain Fraser, M.L.C., whom he accompanied to the Colony in the ship “Oliver Laing” (on her last voyage) arriving in Wellington in 1858. Mr. Fraser served articles with Mr. George Cook, of Dunedin, and was admitted to the practice of his profession in 1876. In educational matters, he has served as a member of the Otago Education Board, and also as a governor of the Dunedin Boys' and Girls' High Schools. He is Crown Solicitor for the Otago provincial district. Mr. Fraser was married in 1878 to the second daughter of the late Mr. R. D. Ireland, Q.C., of Melbourne.
, Barrister and Solicitor, Dowling Street, Dunedin. Telephone, 301. P.O.Box, 250. Bankers, National Bank of New Zealand. Private residence, Royal Terrace, Mr. Finch was born in Brixton, Surrey, England, in 1856, and came to New Zealand with his parents in the ship “Mariner” in 1859. He was educated at the Dunedin High School and the University of Otago, and served his articles to Mr. B. C. Haggitt, then Crown Solicitor, and was admitted in 1883. The following year he joined Mr. Donald Reid, junior, who was in business under the style of Reid Bros., the firm being Messrs. Reid Bros, and Finch. This partnership was dissolved in 1887, and Mr. Finch has since conducted the business in his own name. He is interested in athletic and musical matters, having been president of the Otago Lawn Tennis Club for two years, president of the Dunedin Cycling Club for several years, secretary of the Carisbrook Cricket Club for several years, and treasurer of the Dunedin Orchestral Society for over ten years. In 1888 Mr. Finch was married to the second daughter of the late Mr. Hugh MacNeil, of the firm of Messrs A. Briscoe and Co., and has two daughters and one son.
(D'Arcy Haggitt and Spencer Brent), Barristers and Solicitors, High Street, Dunedin; established in 1871; Telephone 14; P.O. Box, 86; Bankers, Bank of New Zealand. Private residences: Mr. D. Haggitt, “Belmont,” Roslyn; Mr. Brent, “The Warren,” Maori Hill.
, Barrister and Solicitor, 162 Moray Place Fast, Dunedin. Telephone, 723. Bankers, National Bank of New Zealand. Private residence, 16 Pitt Street. Mr. Hanlon was born in Dunedin in 1866 and was educated at Port Chalmers District High School and at the Dunedin Boys' High School. He was articled to Mr. J. A. D. Adams, passed his final examination in 1888, and was admitted a barrister and solicitor of the Supreme Court by Mr. Justice Williams in December of that year. Early in the following year Mr. Hanlon commenced to practise, and has made rapid progress in his profession. He has already established a large court practice, and has appeared in the most important criminal trials which have taken place in the Otago district since his admission. In out-door recreations he is specially partial to cricket, and holds office as president of the Grange Cricket Club, and as vice-president of the Otago Cricket Association. He is also vice-president of the Dunedin Amateui Boating Club, and the Alhambra Football Club.
, Barrister and Solicitor, Temple Chambers, 99 Princes Street, Dunedin. Telephone, 215, P.O.Box. 225. Bankers, National Bank of New Zealand. Private residence, Clyde Street. Mr. Hislop, is the second son of Dr. Hislop, and was born near Edinburgh, Scotland, in 1848. He landed in Otago with his parents in 1856, and was educated at private schools in Dunedin. He was articled to Messrs. Smith, Anderson and Co., with whom he remained for nine years, and was admitted a barrister and solicitor of the Supreme Court in 1877.
, B.A., Barrister and Solicitor, Bond Street, Dunedin; Bankers, Bank of New South Wales; Private residence, George Street. This practice was established in 1870, and Mr. Holmes has acted for many years as solicitor for the Union Steam Ship Company of New Zealand, the Kaitangata Railway and Coal Company, the Mosgiel Woollen Company, and the New Zealand Refrigerating Company. He was born in Geelong in 1845, and was educated at the Edinburgh and Oxford universities, gaining his degree at the latter in 1866. After admission as a barrister at the Middle Temple in 1870, he came to Dunedin in that year, and was admitted a barrister and solicitor of the Supreme Court of New Zealand soon after his arrival.
, Barrister and Solicitor, 125 Princes Street, Danedin. Telephone, 704. P.O. Box, 87. Bankers, Bank of New Zealand. Private
residence, St. Clair, Dunedin. Mr. Macdonald was born in 1847 at Jedburgh, Roxburghshire, Scotland, and was educated at the Kelso Grammar School, the Edinburgh High School, and at the Otago University. Before coming to New Zealand he had some legal experience in Edinburgh, and a short banking career in connection with the City of Glasgow Bank, and in Dunedin he became managing clerk to Messrs Smith, Anderson and Co. in 1869. After remaining in that position for four years, he acted in a like capacity for a similar period for Messrs Hart and Buckley, of Wellington, passing his barrister's examination in the latter city in 1877. On returning to Dunedin, he was manager of the common law and conveyancing department
, M.A., LL.D., Barrister and Solicitor, Dunedin. Dr Milne is a native of Canada, and was brought to the Colony by his parents as a child, arriving at Port Chaimers in 1363 by the ship “Viola.” Educated at Caversham, the Dunedin High School, and at the Otago University, he graduated B.A. in 1882 and LL.B. in the following year, taking his degree as a Master of Arts in 1887, and as LL.D. in 1899. Dr Milne studied law under Messrs Dick and Stuart, and was with them for three years; being admitted a barrister and solicitor in 1884, he at once commenced to practise his profession. For a number of years Dr Milne held a seat on the Senate of the New Zealand University, to which he was elected by the graduates, but he resigned in 1900. In 1893 he was appointed Lecturer on Jurisprudence in the University of Otago, and held the appointment till 1900. As a volunteer Dr Milne joined the Caversham Rifle Corps in 1885, as lieutenant, became captain in the succeeding year, and became adjutant of the First Otago Infantry Battalion in 1889. In Odd fellowship he was Past Grand Master of Loyal Caversham Lodge, and held the seat of the Provincial Grand Master of the Otago district, Manchester Unity, in the year 1892. Dr Milne resides at Caversham.
(George Mondy, William Alexander Sim, and Jefferson Counsel Stephens), Barristers and Solicitors, 123 Princes Street, Dunedin. Telephone, 44. P.O. Box, 83. Bankers, National Bank of New Zealand. Private residences: Mr. Mondy, Royal Terrace; Mr. Sim, Musselburgh; Mr. Stephens, Hawthorne Avenue, Mornington. Agents, Mackrell and Co., Cannon Street, London, E.C.; T. and B. Stout, St. Vincent Street, Glasgow; Blake and Riggall, William Street, Melbourne; and McDonnell and Moffitt, Sydney. Before its present constitution the firm had carried on business, successively, as Sievwright and Stout; Sievwright, Stout and Co.; and as Stout, Mondy and Sim. Messrs Mondy, Sim and Stephens are solicitors to the Otago Harbour Board, the Otago Education Board, the School Commissioners for Otago, the Dunedin City Council, and Mornington tramway companies; the borough councils of Caversham, South Dunedin, and West Harbour, the local branches of the New Zealand Government Life Office, and of the New Zealand Accident Insurance Company, and a large number of public companies. Mr. Mondy is a notary public. He was born in Melbourne, Victoria, in 1857, was educated at the Union Street School, at the Dunedin High School and Otago University. Articled in 1874 to Messrs. Slevwright and Stout, he was admitted a barrister and solicitor of the Supreme Court in July, 1879. Mr. Sim was born in Wanganui in 1858, and educated at the local Grammar School; he served his articles with Mr. Borlase and passed his examination in 1877. In the following year Mr. Sim went to Dunedin, where he entered the office of Mr. George Cook. He was admitted a barrister and solicitor of the Supreme Court in 1879, in which year he became associated with Messrs. Sievwright and Stout. Two years afterwards he went to Messrs. Smith, Anderson and Co., returning in 1884, to take charge of the common law department of Messrs. Sievwright, Stout and Co., which he conducted until the dissolution of that firm in 1887. Mr. Sim was appointed in 1896, chairman of the Conciliation Board for the Otago and Southland industrial districts.
(Frederick Zwingle Moore and William Luther Moore), Barristers, Solicitors, and Notaries Public, 85 Stuart Street, Dunedin; Telephone 1378; Bankers, National Bank of New Zealand, Limited. Private residences: Mr F. Z. Mcore, 55 Royal Terrace; Mr. W. L. Moore, 86 High Street.
, Notary Public, the Senior Partner, is the second son of the late Mr. Charles Moore, of Dunedin, merchant. He was born in 1873, and educated at the Otago Boys' High School. He studied for his profession while in Messrs Downie Stewart and Co.'s office, where he remained for six years, and while there he passed his solicitor's examination, and was admitted early in 1895 as a solicitor of the Supreme Court of New Zealand. Shortly after his admission he started practice in Dunedin, and in 1900 was admitted to the Bar.
, the Junior Partner, is a brother of Mr. F. Z. Moore. He was educated at the Otago Boys' High School, and for some years after leaving that institution, he was employed in a wholesale warehouse. Matriculating in 1897, he obtained his LL.B. degree in 1901, and in the same year was admitted as a barrister and solicitor of the Supreme Court of New Zealand, and joined his brother in practice.
, B.A., C.E, Notary Public, Barrister and Solicitor, and Registered Patent Agent, Foreign Member of the Chartered Institute of Patent Agents, London; corner of High and Manse Streets, Dunedin. Telephone, 248. Bankers, Union Bank of Australia, Ltd. London Law Agents, Blyth, Dutton and Co. Private residence, Abbotsford. Established 1891. Mr. Park
(Donald Reid, junior, and Percy Seaborn Kettle Macassey), Barristers and Solicitors, 12 Lower Rattray Street, Dunedin. Private residences: Mr. Reid, Roslyn; Mr. Macassey, 356 George Street, Dunedin.
, junior, of the legal firm of Reid and Macassey, is the elder son of Mr. Donald Reid, well known in Otago as the senior partner of the firm of Messrs. D. Reid and Co. Mr. D. Reid, junior, was born at Caversham in 1855, and educated at North Taieri district school. He studied law with Messrs. Smith, Anderson and Co., of Dunedin, was admitted a barrister and solicitor of the Supreme Court in 1879, and in the following year established himself in business, which he continued till 1888. For nine years following he was a partner in his father's firm, from which, however, he retired in 1897 to resume the practice of his profession. Mr. Reid takes a keen interest in bimetallism and economic subjects generally, and is the secretary of the New Zealand Bimetallic League.
, partner in the firm of Reid and Macassey, is the eldest son of the late James Livingstone Macassey. He was born on the 14th day of December, 1875, and was educated at the Boys' High School, Dunedin; took classes at the University, and was articled to Mr. J. H. Hosking, of Messrs Kenyon and Hosking. Mr. Macassey was admitted to practice in 1900, and shortly afterwards joined Mr. Donald Reid, under the style of Reid and Macassey. He takes great interest in football and all athletic sports.
, B.A., LL.B., Barrister and Solicitor, Princes Street, Dunedin. Bankers, Bank of New Zealand. Private residence, “Corstorphine.” Caversham. Mr. Sidey is referred to in another article as member for Caversham in the Parliament of New Zealand.
(John Robert Sinclair, William Cunningham MacGregor, and Alexander Sinclair), Barristers, Solicitors, and Notaries Public, 7 Liverpool Street. Dunedin. Cable address, “Probate, Dunedin.” Private residences: Mr. J. R. Sinclair, 41 Melville Street; Mr. W. C. MacGregor, Nevada; Mr. Alexander Sinclair, 79 Cargill Street. This firm was founded under the style of Smith, Anderson, and Co., and during later years it was carried on as Smith, Chapman, and Sinclair. Upon the appointment of Mr. F. R. Chapman as a Judge of the Supreme Court, Mr. W. C. MacGregor was admitted a partner in the firm.
, of the firm of Smith, MacGregor and Sinclair, barristers and solicitors, is a son of the late Rev. Dr. MacGregor, formerly of New College, Edinburgh, and more recently of Oamaru. Mr. MacGregor was born in Paisley, Scotland, in 1862, and educated at George Watson's school, Edinburgh, and at the Edinburgh University. He arrived in Port Chalmers in the ship “Jessie Readman” late in the year 1881, and entered the office of Messrs. Stewart and Denniston, with whom he remained four years. Mr. MacGregor passed his final examination in July, 1883, taking the first position of any law student in the colony, for which he was awarded the Canterbury Law Society's Gold Medal. In September of the same year, he was admitted a barrister and solicitor of the Supreme Court of New Zealand, and commenced to practise in Dunedin. Mr. MacGregor has, in addition to his professional work, written largely for the Home and Colonial press. He is a member of the Otago and Dunedin golf clubs, of both of which he was champion in 1897. When Mr. F. R. Chapman became a Judge of the Supreme Court, Mr. MacGregor entered the legal firm of which Mr. Chapman had been a member, and the firm took its present name.
(Charles Joseph Payne and William Downie Stewart, LL.B.), Barristers and Solicitors. 5 Liverpool Street, Dunedin. Bankers, the Bank of New Zealand; P.O. Box. 185; Telephone, 27. Private residences: Mr. Stewart, Heriot Row; Mr. Payne, Belleknowes. The Home agents of the firm are Messrs Sandilands and Co., solicitors, Fenchurch Street, London, and Ferguson and Ramsay, S.S.C., Edinburgh. This is one of the leading practices in Otago, and was established as far back as 1867 by the late Hon. W. Downie Stewart. Mr. J. E. Denniston, now Mr. Justice Denniston, was admitted into partnership, and continued to be a member of the firm until his official appointment in 1889. About a year before Mr. Stewart's death Mr. Payne became a partner, and in 1900 Mr. W. Downie Stewart, son of the founder, became a member of the firm, which has since been carried on as Stewart and Payne. Messrs Stewart and Payne are solicitors for the Otago Presbyterian Church Board of Property, the North-East Valley Borough Council, Messrs Ross and Glendining, Limited, A. and T. Burt, Limited, John Reid and Son, the Otago Heads Road Board, and the Dunedin and Roslyn Tram Company.
, Of the firm of Stewart and Payne, was born in Adelaide, South Australia, and came to New
, LL.B., Of the firm of Stewart and Payne, is the second son of the late Hon. W. Downie Stewart. He was born in Dunedin, and educated at the Boys' High School and the University of Otago. He obtained his LL.B. degree in 1900, and the same year was admitted as a barrister and solicitor of the Supreme Court of New Zealand. In 1903 Mr. Stewart made a prolonged tour through the countries of the Old World, returning to New Zealand, via Siberia. An interesting account of this four was published in the “Otago Daily Times,” in October, 1903.
(Saul Solomon, B.A., and Albert Ernest Gascoigne), Barristers and Solicitors, 112 Princes Street, Dunedin. Private residences: Mr. Solomon, 55 Moray Place West, Dunedin; Mr Gascoigne, 71 Cargill Street, Dunedin.
, B.A., Senior Partner in the firm of Solomon and Gascoigne, was born in 1857 in Melbourne, Victoria, and was educated at the Dunedin High School, where he became dux in 1872. Having gained a scholarship, he entered the Otago University, and succeeded in winning four scholarships in one year, being capped in 1874 by the late Judge Chapman, as one of the first graduates of the University. Mr. Solomon, who but set his mind on the medical profession, abandoned the study of medicine, which he found uncongenial, and in 1876 became barrister's pupil to Mr. Robert Stout, now Chief Justice Sir Robert Stout. It was not long before he became managing clerk of the common law department of the firm, and in 1879 he was admitted a barrister and solicitor of the Supreme Court by His Honour Mr. Justice Williams. As a pleader, Mr. Solomon has already made a name for himself, his services being in request whenever there is an important trial; he has been retained to defend prisoners charged with murder, besides acting as counsel in devoice and other sensational civil proceedings. He took a leading part in the investigations which occupied the Supreme Court respecting the Colonial Bank and the estate of the Hon. J. G. Ward. As a sportsman, Mr. Solomon is the owner of the racers, “Beadonwell,” “Belle Clair,” and “Blazer”; he is vice-president of the Dunedin Amateur Bowling Club, to which he was presented a cup for annual competitions, and is president of the Dunedin Football Club.
, partner in the firm of Messrs Solomon and Gascoigne, Princes Street, Dunedin, was born in the Tuapeka district, and educated at the Lawrence District High School, where he succeeded in taking the Education Board's Senior Scholarship, and passed three years subsequently at the Dunedin Boys' High School. Mr. Gascoigne matriculated at the University of Otago in 1884. In the same year he entered Mr. Solomon's office where he studied law, and passed his examination as solicitor in 1888. In 1900 he joined the firm as junior partner. Mr. Gascoigne has always taken a keen interest in athletic sports, and is vice-president of the Otago Rowing Association, and also of the Dunedin Amateur Boating Club.
(Herbert Webb and William Allan), Barristers and Solicitors, Eldon Chambers, Princes Street, Dunedin. Telephone 109. Post Office Box 25; Bankers: National Bank of New Zealand; Private residences: Mr. Webb, Elgin Road, Mornington; Mr. Allan, Mosgiel. This practice, which was originally established under the style of Dick and Stuart, was conducted solely by Mr. Webb from 1886 to 1894, when Mr. Allan joined him in the present partnership. The senior partner, who is a Yorkshireman by birth, served articles with Mr. W. M. Hodgkins in Dunedin, and was admitted in
, Barrister and Solicitor, Zealandia Chambers, Dowling Street, Dunedin. Telephone, 1266. Bankers, Bank of New Zealand. Private residence, “Nevada,” Roslyn. Born in 1862 in Glasgow, Scotland, Mr. Wilkinson was brought by his parents during the first year of his life to Otago, where he received his education, and was afterwards articled successively to Messrs. E. S. Hay and J. Hislop. Having completed his articles and passed the prescribed examinations, he was admitted a barrister and solicitor of the Supreme Court on the 17th of September, 1883, and at once commenced the practice of his profession. Mr. Wilkinson, who is solicitor to several Friendly Societies, has a considerable circle of clients, both as a conveyancer and a barrister. He is interested in the China Inland Mission as a member of its council, of which he also acts as treasurer, the headquarters for the South Island of New Zealand being at his office.
, Managing Clerk for Mr. John Wilkinson, was born at Oxton, Nottingham. England, on the 18th of November, 1865. He was educated at Bethany House, Goudhurst College, Kent, and came out to New Zealand in 1879, in the ship “Taranaki,” Soon after his arrival, Mr. Aslin commenced studying law with Mr. H. S. Austin, barrister and solicitor, of Christchurch and Timaru, and remained with that gentleman for seven years. In 1888 he passed his law examinations, and was admitted as a solicitor. Desirous of gaining more knowledge and experience in his profession, he removed to Melbourne, and was associated with Mr. N. Levinson, solicitor, of that city. Mr. Aslin finally returned to New Zealand, and since 1899 he has been associated with Mr. John Wilkinson, Dunedin. He is an active member of the Young Men's Christian Association, and for a number of years has served on the Board and held the office of honorary secretary. Mr. Astin was married, in 1893, to a daughter of Mr. H. S. Austin, Christchurch, and has five daughters.
, Barrister and Solicitor, 90 Princes Street, Dunedin. Telephone 1223; P.O. Box, 385. Bankers, Union Bank of Australia. Private residence, Anderson's Bay (Telephone, 305). Cable address, “Nocturn.” Mr. White, who commenced the practice of his profession in 1875, acts as solicitor to the Otago Hospital Board and the Otago Hospital and Charitable Aid Board, to the Dunedin Hospital Trustees, to the Dempsey Trustees (incorporated) and the Tamahawk Road Board. He was born in 1849 in Sydney, where he was privately educated, and was for some years in the service of the Commercial Banking Company of Sydney. In 1870 he came to Dunedin where he served his articles with the late Mr. James Anderson, and was admitted to the bar on the 18th of March, 1875. Mr. White unsuccessfully contested the Waikouaiti seat in the Opposition interest at the general election in 1899, and the Chalmers seat, in 1902. He was a member of the Peninsula County Council for several years, and for some time occupied the position of chairman. Mr. White has also filled similar offices in connection with the Peninsula Road Board. For over twenty years and until lately he was a member of the Anderson's Bay school committee, of which he was chairman for some years. He has been a member of the Dunedin Hospital Board, of the Hospital Trustees, and of the Otago Hospital and Charitable Aid Boards, and was also chairman of the Gardens Committee and a Commissioner of the New Zealand Exhibition of 1889–90. Mr. White was a member of the Dunedin Artillery, and in 1885, in conjunction with Mr. Frank Oakden and the late Professor J. Mainwaring Brown, raised the Peninsula Naval Artillery Volunteers, of which he was the first captain, resigning after five years' service. Mr. White is chairman of directors of the Milburn Lime and Cement Company, Limited, and the New Zealand Portland Cement Company, Limited, and managing director and attorney in New Zealand for the Round Hill Mining Company, Limited, Liverpool, England. He was president of the Otago Rowing Associaton for many years, president of the New Zealand Amateur Rowing Association for the year 1903–4, and of the Otago Rowing Club, and a member or officer of many other clubs. In October, 1876, he was married to a daughter of the Hon. M. Holmes, M.L.C. and has four sons and three daughters.
, sometime Crown Solicitor for Otago, occupied a leading place in the legal profession in Dunedin. He was born in 1838 in Toronto, Canada, and was taken by his parents, when but three years of age, to Hobart, Tasmania, where he was educated principally at the Hutchins' School. Mr. Haggitt was articled in Hobart to his father, the late Mr. D'Arey Haggitt, duly passed the prescribed examinations, and was admitted a barrister and solicitor of the Supreme Court of Tasmania early in the year 1861. In May of the succeeding year he came to Dunedin, and laid the foundation of the large practice now conducted by the firm of Messrs Haggitt Bros.
and Brent, Mr. Haggitt was returned to the Provincial Council of Otago as member for Dunedin in 1865; early in the following year became Provincial Solicitor, and held the office almost continuously till the abolition of the provinces in 1876. Mr. Haggitt was gazetted a Justice of the Peace
, one of the most brilliant members of the New Zealand Bar, who died on the 9th day of May, 1880, in his thirty-eighth year, was born in Carrickfergus, County Antrim, Ireland, on the 24th of September, 1842. He was the son of an Independent minister, who for many years laboured at Carrickfergus, a small town situated about ten miles from Belfast. The subject of this notice was the second of three sons, the first of whom died young, but lived long enough to become a somewhat distinguished Independent minister; the youngest is now a civil engineer of considerable repute in Belfast. Mr. Macassey came out to Adelaide while still a mere boy, and was articled to Messrs Gwynne (afterwards Judge Gwynne) and Lawrence. His aptitude for legal pursuits, quickness of perception, retentive memory, and remarkable industry soon attracted the attention of several prominent barristers. On leaving Adelaide he went to Melbourne, and there entered the office of Mr. Stephen (afterwards Judge Stephen). During the Otago gold “rush” Mr. Maecassey crossed the Tasman Sen to Dunedin, and entered the office of Messrs. Richmond and Gillies (both of whom afterwards became judges of the supreme court) as common law clerk. In this situation his remarkable abilities gained for him the notice and commendation of Mr. Justice Gresson. Mr. Macassey made rapid progress in his profession. Admitted as a barrister on the 29th of September, 1865, he entered into partnership with Mr. Turton, and soon acquired a leading position in the profession. They were subsequently joined by Mr. John Hyde Harris, and the partnership continued for some years. Upon its dissolution Mr. Macassey continued practice alone, but was soon joined by Mr. Allan Holmes (of the Inner Temple), and subsequently Mr. F. R. Chapman (of the Middle Temple) was admitted into the firm. After the dissolution of partnership by effluxion of time, Mr. Macassey joined his brother-in-law, Mr. C. C. Kettle (now District Judge Kettle), with whom he remained connected in business till the time of his death. Mr. Macassey had obtained from his early training an accurate knowledge of the practice of the law, which stood him in good stead. He devoted himself more especially to what is known as court work, and had very few rivals as a pleader. He conducted nisi pries cases with much zeal and ability, but his strength lay in his aptitude for banco work. Industrious in hunting up precedents bearing on the various questions involved, and careful in the arrangement of his arguments, he was always dreaded as an opponent. He was engaged in most of the important cases which came before the Supreme Court and Court of Appeal. As a lawyer he had a colonial reputation—acquired as much by his industry as by his exceptional ability. In 1875 Mr. Macassey published a volume of reports of law cases argued and determined in the Otago and Southland district of the Supreme Court, and on appeal to the higher court, from 1861 to 1872: this work has had considerable influence in moulding the practice of the supreme courts of the Colony. Mr. Macassey married the first female white child born in Dunedin—Miss Elizabeth Kettle, daughter of Mr. C. H. Kettle, who surveyed the town of Dunedin. In the ranks of able and learned lawyers of the past, Mr. Macassey undoubtedly was one of the most accomplished known in New Zealand.
The invigorating climate of Dunedin, and the ruddy, healthful appearance of its citizens, betoken that the practice of medicine in the city may not be a lucrative calling. But apart from any climatic conditions, it is of course essential that the medical profession should be adequately represented in every civilised community. As a class the members of the profession in Dunedin are able and courteous men, and many of them possess the highest qualifications and degrees obtainable from the best medical colleges of the Old World. Dunedin itself is a seat of learning for the profession, as there is a School of Medicine at the University of Otago, where a number of the medical practitioners of the city occupy positions as lecturers. In addition to members of the medical faculty, chemists and dentists practising in the city are also referred to in this section.
, M.R.C.S., England, L.R.C.P., London, Physician and Surgeon, 62 Cargill Street, Dunedin. Dr. Alexander was born and educated at St. Helena, and studied for his profession at King's College, London; he attended the practice of the Hopital-du-Midi, Paris, and qualified as M.R.C.S., England, in 1853, and L.R.C.P., London, in 1861. Dr. Alexander was Colonel-Surgeon at St. Helena for several years, also surgeon to the Liberation African Department and the East India Company's invalids. Before leaving St. Helena in 1861, Dr. Alexander received from the late Emperor Napoleon a gold enamelled box in recognition of his services to the French officers and soldiers there. After spending two years in England and on the Continent, he came to New Zealand in the ship “Matoaka,” and settled in practice in Dunedin. He is consulting physician to the Ashburn private hospital for the insane and inebriate home near Dunedin, with which he has been closely associated since its establishment in 1882. He is a fellow of the Royal Geographical Society of England, member of the Geographical Society of Italy, and also of the Polynesian Society.
, E.R.C.S., Edinburgh, Physician and Surgeon, corner of Union and George Streets, Dunedin. Dr. Burns is referred to in another article as a member of the Council of the University of Otago.
, M.B., C.M., Edin., Octagon, Dunedin. Dr. Burt is the fourth son of Mr. Alexander Burt, of Messrs A. and T. Burt, of Dunedin. He was born in 1871, was primarily educated at local institutions, and in 1890 went to Edinburgh, where, four years later, he graduated. Later on he applied himself to special studies in English and Continental schools, and in September, 1898, returned to Dunedin to practise his profession.
, M.D., M.R.C.P., London, M.R.C.S., England, Physician and Surgeon, High Street, Dunedin. Dr. Colquhoun, who established his present practice in 1884, is more fully referred to under Otago University, as lecturer on the practice of medicine.
, M.D., Ch.M., Edin., George Street, Dunedin. Dr. Closs was born in Glasgow, and was brought to New Zealand at an early age. He was educated at the University of Otago, and in Edinburgh, where he graduated M.B., Ch.M., and some years later took his degree of M.D. Dr. Closs has been practising in Dunedin for about twelve years. He is an Honorary Surgeon to the Dunedin Hospital, and a lecturer on clinical surgery in the Medical School of the University of Otago.
, B.M., M.S. (Edinburgh University, with honours), Consulting Surgeon, Union Bank Buildings, 111 Princes Street, Dunedin. Dr. Coughtrey has a private residence in Forbury Road, St. Kilda.
, M.B., Ch.B., High Street, Dunedin. Dr. Church was born at Birkenhead, England, in 1866, and arrived in Dunedin at the age of five. He was educated at the Otago Boys' High School, and the University of Otago, and graduated in 1832. In 1300, having gained several years' experience in the practice of medicine, he proceeded to London and Edinburgh, and there took post-graduate courses in medicine and surgery. During the years 1892–03, Dr. Church held a practice at Naseby, and was surgeon-superintendent of the hospital there. He acquired Dr. William Brown's practice at Dunedin in October, 1903. Dr. Church was married in February, 1893, to Miss Mackean, and has two sons and one daughter.
, M.R.C.S., England, L.S.A., London, L.R.C.P. and L.M., Edinburgh, Physician and Surgeon, Pitt Street, Dunedin. Dr. Davies, who was born in Cardigan, South Wales, on the 29th of May, 1856, was educated at Marlborough and Epsom Colleges, studied at Middlesex Hospital, London, and obtained his diplomas in the year 1870. He was appointed resident physician-assistant at the Middlesex Hospital for six months, after which he was invalided for six months, and took a voyage to Australia in charge of Messrs. Money, Wigram and Co.'s s.s. “Somersetshire,” as medical officer. On his return, through the influence of the late Mr. David Powell, Governor of the Bank of England, Dr. Davies was appointed medical officer of the New Zealand Shipping Company's ship “Waipa.” Smallpox broke out on board during the first week; the doctor was, however, fortunate in stamping out the disease, no other case occurring, and though some alarm was felt in New Zealand at the time of her arrival, the vessel escaped quarantine. A handsome testimonial, together with a bonus, was presented to him by the company in recognition of his services. Dr. Davies settled in Port Chalmers in 1881 and commenced practice, and two years later became resident house-surgeon at the Dunedin hospital; a post which he filled for twelve months. He then commenced practice in Dunedin, and took charge of Dr. Batchelor's practice during that gentleman's visit to England in 1885. On Dr. Batchelor's return a partnership was entered into, which was terminated at the end of two years and a half. Since the end of 1888, Dr. Davies has continued practice on his
, M.B.C.S., England; 53–55 Stuart Street, Dunedin. Dr. de Lautour is referred to at page 122 of this volume as a member of the Dunedin Licensing Committee.
, Associate of King's College, London, P.M.O., Otago; Bond Street, Dunedin. Dr. de Lautour in referred to in another article as Surgeon-Lieutenant Colonel and Principal Medical Officer for the Otago Volunteer District.
, F.R.C.S., Edinburgh. 1899, L.R.C.P., London, M.R.C.S., England. 1897; 29 High Street, Dunedin; late House Surgeon, House Physician, East London Hospital for Children, and Dispensary for Women, Shadwell; late Clinical Surgical and Ophthalmic Assistant, London Hospital; Honorary Physician, Dunedin Hospital.
, Edin., Pitt Street, Dunedin. Dr. Fitchett was born in 1870, and is the eldest son of the very Rev. Dean Fitchett, of Dunedin. He was educated primarily in Christchurch and Dunedin, and in 1891 went to Edinburgh, where he graduated in 1895. He subsequently held several important medical appointments in Scotland, and returned to Dunedin in March, 1902.
, M.B.C.M., Edinburgh, Physician and Surgeon, Pitt Street, Dunedin. Telephone 609; Bankers, Bank of New Zealand. Dr. Fulton is the youngest son of the late Hon. James Fulton, M.L.C. He was born at Ravenscliffe, West Taieri, Otago, in 1865, and began his education at the West Taieri school, afterwards attending the Outram school, then under the Headmastership of Mr. David A. McNicoll, now of the George Street district school, Dunedin. Three years at Outram were followed by four at the Otago Boys' High School, after which he was for two years in the service of the National Mortgage and Agency Company of New Zealand at Dunedin. He started the study of medicine at the University of Otago, and, proceeding to Edinburgh, graduated as Bachelor of Medicine and Master in Surgery in 1889. During his residence in Edinburgh he took a great interest in the Australasian Club, founded in that city about 1878. The members of this society are students hailing from the Australasian colonies, and it was as honorary secretary that he assisted in raising the Association from the state of depression into which it had fallen to the honoured and influential position it holds at the present day. After leaving Edinburgh Dr. Fulton was for nine months in the service of the New Zealand Shipping Company, and then, returning to Dunedin, he settled down to the practice of his profession. He takes an active interest in volunteering, and has been for twelve years attached as honorary surgeon to the Dunedin Naval Artillery (now the New Zealand Garrison Artillery Volunteers). He was gazetted Surgeon-Lieutenant in 1892, and Surgeon-Captain in 1897. he was a member of the Medical Board which undertook the selection of men for the various New Zealand Regiments during the recent war in South Africa; has been a member of the Dunedin District Volunteer Officers' Club for ten years and is at the present time a member of the committee of that association. At one time, he was an active cyclist, even to the extent of appearing on the racing track, and in the days of the high wheeled “ordinary” bicycle won a number of handsome prizes. He was one of the earliest members of the Dunedin Bicycling Club as far back as 1882; was a vice-president of the Dunedin Cycling Club in 1892, and filled the president's chair in 1895 and 1898. Dr. Fulton was a member of the Otago Rowing Club in the early “eighties” and one of those who represented the Otago Medical School in the regatta of “Fours” which was rowed in 1884, when his team had the hard luck in the first heat to meet Reid and Gray's “Four,” the winners of the regatta. When at Edinburgh he was a member of the Edinburgh University Boating Club, and he is now a vice-president of the North-End Boating Club. Dr. Fulton was one of the founders of the Otago Early Settlers' Association, and has sat continuously on the committee of that body since its inception. He was vice-president of the Otago Branch of the British Medical Association in 1899, and president in 1900, when the members presented him with a beautifully chased and engraved silver cradle, as a memento of his presidency during the year in which his twin son and daughter were born. In June, 1902, he paid a visit to the Fiji Islands, and on the 23rd of September of the same year he read before the Otago Institute a paper entitled “An account of the Vilavilairevo, or Fiji Fire Walking Ceremony, with a probable explanation of the mystery.” This was favourably reviewed by the local papers and by “Nature” of the 12th of December, 1902, and, with some fine illustrations from the “Auckland Weekly News,” was printed in full in the Transactions of the New Zealand Institute for 1903. In 1903 Dr. Fulton was elected a member of the Society of Arts, and a Fellow of the Royal Meteorological Society. He married, in 1890, the third daughter of the late Mr. H. O. Hertslet, of Dunedin, and has four sons and two daughters.
, M.R.C.S., Physician and Surgeon, Moray Place, Dnedin, Telephone, 165. Bankers, Bank of New South Wales. Dr. Hocken studied for his profession at Durham University and at Dublin, and gained his diploma as a member of the Royal College of Surgeons of England in 1860. For about two years he was surgeon on board the s.s. “Great Britain,” well known as a passenger steamer between London and Australian ports. In 1862 he settled in Dunedin, where he commenced the practice of his profession. He held the post of coroner for twenty-two years, was one of the honorary surgeons of the Dunedin Hospital, surgeon to the Benevolent Institution, and the first lecturer on surgery to the Otago University. Dr. Hocken is a member of the council of the University of Otago and also of the Otago Institute, of which he has thrice been president. He is well known as a contributor to the “Transactions of the New Zealand Institute,” and of the Australasian Association for the Advancement of Science; many papers on the early history of New
, M.A., B.Sc., F.R.C.S., L.R.C.P., Princes Street, Dunedin. Dr. Hunter is the eldest son of Mr. William Hunter, manager of the Bank of New Zealand at Port Chalmers, and was born in London in 1869. He came to New Zealand, with his parents, in 1880, and continued his education at the Taranaki High School, the Otago Boys' High School (where he gained a Grey-Russell Scholarship), and the University of Otago. In 1892, he graduated M.A., B.Sc., with first-class honours in chemistry, and one year later left for London, where he studied medicine and surgery at the London Hospital, gaining the diplomas of M.R.C.S., L.R.C.P. in 1897, and F.R.C.S. in 1900. After qualification Dr. Hunter held several appointments in London hospitals; he was Resident Medical Officer to the Tropical Diseases Hospital, to St. Peter's Hospital, Covent Gordon; and to the Rectal and Fistula Hospital, City Road; and was associated in his profession with Sir Patrick Mansion, and with Mr. Henry Fenwick, of the London Hospital, and St. Peter's Hospital for Urinary Disease, to whom he was house-surgeon for some time. In 1900 Dr. Hunter left England, and carried on a private practice in Melbourne until 1902, when he proceeded to Dunedin, and shortly after his arrival was appointed physician to the out-patients of the Dunedin Hospital. He has from boyhood taken a keen interest in athletics, is a former representative in football for Otago and Southland, and is now vice-president of the Otago Rugby Union.
, M.D., L.R.C.P., Edin., L.F.P.S., Glasgow, L.M.; High Street, Dunedin. Dr. Macdonald was born in Caithness, Scotland, in 1854, and was educated at Aberdeen and Glasgow. He afterwards held the position of resident surgeon to the Glasgow Public Hospital. In 1882 he sailed for New Zealand, and commenced to practise in Dunedin in the same year.
B.Sc., New Zealand, M.B., C.M., Edinburgh; High Street, Dunedin.
, M.B., C.M., Physician and Surgeon, Pitt Street, Dunedin; Telephone, 570; Bankers, Bank of New Zealand. Dr. McKellar, who is a son of the late Mr. Peter McKellar, runholder of Southland—one of the early settlers—was born in Southland, and was educated at the public schools, and at the high school, Invercargill. Having studied medicine at Otago University for two years, he went to Edinburgh in 1888 for a three years' course of training, and obtained his diplomas in 1891, He acted as locum tenens for several medical men in England and Scotland before entering Rotherham hospital, near Sheffield, England, where he was for nine months one of the staff of house surgeons. In 1893, he returned to New Zealand and established his present practice.
, M.B., C.M. (Edinburgh, Physician and Surgeon, Octagon, Dunedin. Telephone 481. This practitioner was born in Perthshire, Scotland. He arrived at Port Chalmers with his parents in 1861, in the ship “Gala,” and received his education at public Schools in Invercargill, and at Otago University. He studied for four years at Edinburgh University, where he took his degrees in 1883, and returned to the Colony in that year. He practised in Invercargill for four years, when be removed to Dunedin. He has been an honorary physician to the Dunedin hospital for a number of years; and is one of the examiners to the New Zealand Government Life Insurance Department, and surgeon to the Ivanhoe Lodge of Druids. As a Freemason, he was initiated in Lodge St. John, S.C., at Invercargill. Dr. Macpherson is president of the Union Cycling Club.
, L.R.C.P. (Edinburgh), L.F.P.S. (Glasgow), Physician and Surgeon, Octagon, Dunedin; Telephone, 547; Bankers, National Bank of New Zealand. The subject of this notice was born in Lanarkshire, Scotland, in 1848, and was educated at Glasgow University and at the Andersonian Institution, Glasgow. He obtained his diplomas in 1872 and practised His profession in Glasgow till 1875. Dr. Martin came to Port Chalmers as medical officer of the ship “Invercargill,” in the latter year, and after a short time in Dunedin, was appointed medical superintendent in the Reefton hospital, of which he remained in charge from 1876 to 1879, engaging also in private practice. On returning to Dunedin, Dr. Martin established his present practice. He was initiated as a member of the Masonic order, Scotch Constitution, in Glasgow, but is unattached in New Zealand.
, L.R.C.P. and S. Edin.; L.F.P. and S., Glasgow; Octagon, Dunedin. Dr. Martin was born in Scotland in 1851, and was educated at Glasgow and Edinburgh. He graduated in 1893, subsequently held medical appointments in Scotland, and in West Australia, and has practised for about two years in Dunedin.
, M.B., Ch. B., New Zealand, F.R.C.S., Edin., M.R.C.S., Eng., L.R.C.P. London; George Street, Dunedin. Dr. O'Neill was born in Dunedin in 1875, and graduated M.B., Ch.B. at the University of Otago. During 1899–1900 he was house surgeon at the Dunedin Hospital, and in 1902 he went to South Africa as surgeon-captain to the Sixth New Zealand Contingent. At the close of the war he went Home to continue his studies in the London Hospital, and in August, 1903—after holding several important medical appointments, and obtaining his diplomas—he returned to his native city.
, M.R.C.S., England, 61 Moray Place, Dunedin, is elsewhere referred to us Lecturer on Pathology and Bacteriology at the University of Otago.
, M.D., Physician and Surgeon, Stuart Street, Dunedin. Dr. Stenhouse, who was born in Glasgow in 1841, was educated at the Glasgow University, where he graduated M.B.
and C.M. in 1875, taking his degree as M.D., in absentia, in 1877. Dr. Stenhouse came to New Zealand as surgeon superintendent of an emigrant ship in 1875, and settled in Dunedin in the following year, after making one or two trips to the Old Country in the same
, Edin., High Street, Dunedin. Dr. Stephenson is referred to elsewhere in this section, in connection with the Nordrach Cottage Sanatorium at Whare Flat.
, M.B., C.M., L.R.C.P.S., Physician and Surgeon, Lower York Place, Dunedin. Telephone, 555. Dr. Siedeberg has the distinction of being the first member of her sex to enter the medical profession in New Zealand. The desirableness of women being attended professionally by female practitioners, has often been recognised; and for this there are, no doubt, many reasons. Dr. Siedeberg is the daughter of Mr. Franz David Siedeberg, a colonist of over forty years' standing, and considerable experience as a gold miner and contractor, who was born in Memel, Germany; her maternal grandfather was a barrister of Trinity College, Dublin, and she is a grand-niece of the late Thomas Hancock, M.D., of London. She was born at Clyde, Otago, and was primarily educated at the Normal and Girls' High School, Dunedin; in 1888, she gained a board school scholarship, of the value of £20 per annum, entitling her to three years' tuition at the Girls' High School. In 1891, she commenced a five years' course of study for her profession at Otago University, and at the close of 1895 obtained her diplomas of M.B. and C.M., thus becoming the first lady doctor in New Zealand. In order more fully to qualify herself for a professional career, Dr. Siedeberg went to Great Britain early in 1896, and attended classes for six months at Dublin, and for seven months at Berlin; she also visited the London and Edinburgh hospitals. She was at the Rotunda hospital, in Dublin (which is the largest in the world specially devoted to the diseases of women), till November, 1896, when she gained her degree as licentiate of the Royal College of Physicians of Ireland. She returned to Dunedin about Christmas 1897, and established her practice early in 1898.
, M.B., C.M., Edin. Dr. Will is further referred to as chairman of the Dunedin Branch of the St. John Ambulance Association.
(Frank Armstrong and Graee Armstrong), Surgeon and Mechanical Dentists, Colonial Mutual Buildings (first floor), Corner of Princes and High Streets, Dunedin. Telephone, 604. Bankers, Bank of New South Wales. Private residences, Caversham.
, who was born in Dunedin in 1868, learned the business under his father, was registered in 1888, and practised for some time in Oamaru. Miss Grace Armstrong passed her examination in 1894, and became associated in the business of Messrs. Armstrong and Co. in the following year, when her brother also joined the firm. The rooms occupied are well adapted for the profession, comprising three operating rooms and separate work-rooms, as well as an elegantly furnished waiting-room. Messrs. Armstrong and Co. have all the latest appliances for administering gas to patients, with a special chloroform room.
, Surgeon Dentist, 1 Moray Place (opposite the Criterion Hotel), Dunedin. Mr. Boot was born in Dunedin, in 1870, and educated at public schools and at the Otago Boys' High School. He studied his profession under his father, the late Mr. Alfred Boot, one of the first dentists in Dunedin. On his father's death, in 1892, he became a partner in the business, which then changed its style from Boot and Hunter to Hunter and Boot. The firm was dissolved in 1897, when Mr. Boot established a business on his own account in Dunedin. He afterwards took a trip round the world, and, having studied in London and Philadelphia all the latest principles of his profession, returned to Dunedin and resumed practice at his present address. Mr. Boot has taken a keen interest in amateur photography and cycling, and in 1897 was captain of the Dunedin Cycling Club.
, Surgeon and Mechanical Dentist, 112 Princes Street (opposite Cargill's Monument, and next Grand Hotel), Dunedin. Bankers. National Bank of New Zealand. Private residence, Calder Street, North East Valley. This business was established by Messrs. R. Kidd and Co., the present proprietor acquiring it two years after its foundation. The surgery, which is situated on the first floor, is replete with the latest appliances in use, and a convenient workshop adjoins, together with a well furnished waiting room. Mr. Coombs was born in Dunedin in 1872, and received his primary education at the George Street public school. Hawing decided to follow dentistry as his profession, he entered in June, 1885, the establishment of Messrs. S. Myers and Co., in the Octagon, Dunedin, and studied diligently. Mr. Coombs was successful in passing the examination under the auspices of the Dental Board of New Zealand, by which he was duly registered. Until purchasing the present business, he remained in the service of Messrs Myers and Co., and filled the position of first assistant for the last three years of his term with the firm.
(Septimus Myers and Ascher Myers), Dental Surgeons and Mechanical Dentists, Dunedin Dental Surgery, Octagon, Dunedin. Telephone, 521. Bankers: National Bank of New Zealand. Private residence, North East Valley. Branch at High Street, Christchurch. Mr. S. Myers has long been well known in Dunedin as the senior and resident partner of the firm, and as a member of the dental board of examiners of New Zealand. He personally conducts the business of the Dunedin surgery and is assisted by a competent staff. The Christ-church practice is under the care of his brother, Mr. Ascher Myers. During an extended residence in Dunedin Mr. S. Myers has taken a prominent part in public affairs. He was mayor of the North East Valley borough for five years and for several years was chairman of the local school committee. When the schools conference sat in Dunedin some years ago, Mr. Myers was elected chairman for the session. He has been a member of the licensing bench for a long time, and is a trustee of the Dunedin hospital. As a volunteer he has held the rank of captain of the North Dunedin rifles, and as a sportsman been president of the North End boating club, Tahuna Park trotting club, National
, Specialist in Artificial Plate Work, 28 Hanover Street, Dunedin. Mr. Terry is the youngest son of the late Mr. George Terry, who came to Dunedin in 1882 and died in 1902. He was educated at the Boys' High School, studied for his profession under Mr. Myers, of Dunedin, and afterwards had charge of the mechanical department of his branch business at Invercargill. Mr. Terry then visited Melbourne for the purpose of undergoing further studies, and in 1902, in conjunction with Mr. Scott, started his present practice. The partnership existed till August, 1903, when Mr. Scott retired. A specialty is made in gold fillings, crown and bridge work, and the manufacture of artificial plates. Five assistants, among whom are qualified dentists, are employed, and the surgery has all the latest dental appliances. Mr. Terry is a member of the Dunedin Bowling Club, Senior Deacon of the Lodge Celtic, 477, Scottish Constitution, and as a Forester he is a member of Court Enterprise.
, Surgeon Dentist, A.M.P. Buildings, Princes and Dowling Streets, Dunedin. Mr. Thomson was educated at the Dunedin Boys' High School, and studied for his profession under Mr. Armstrong. He passed his dental examination in 1898, and went to America, where he studied in the Dental Hall of the Pennsylvania University, and made a special study of removable bridge work, under Dr. Peejo, the leading specialist in that branch of dentistry in America. Mr. Thomson then visited London, to study at the National Dental Hospital, and in 1901 returned to New Zealand with a thorough knowledge of his profession in all its branches. His rooms in Dowling and Princes Streets are luxuriously furnished, and are supplied with all the most up-to-date dental appliances. Mr. Thomson takes a keen interest in volunteering, and is a member of the Otago Hussars.
, A private hospital for the open-air cure on scientific lines of pulmonary consumption and other tubercular diseases, was established in July, 1899, by Dr. R. S. Stephenson, of High Street, Dunedin, and is the oldest institution of its kind in the colony. It is situated about five miles and a half from the city on the northern slope of Flag-staff Hill, at Where Flat, a charming spot about 1300 feet above sea level; and possesses a bracing atmosphere. The natural beauty of the scenery within the grounds has been greatly added to by pine plantations, croquet lawns and gardens; and beyond these again, extending for many miles, is the beautiful panorama of Silver Peak and other ranges. The grounds are about 150 acres in extent, and, being of an exceedingly broken character, provide ample scope for graduated hill-climbing—a valuable part of the treatment in certain stages of tubercular trouble. The buildings, themselves, are of wood, and are modelled on the lines followed at Nordrach, in Germany. They provide accommodation for ten patients, each of whom has a separate bedroom. All these rooms are arranged so as to give the greatest amount of light and freshness, and the doors and windows open directly to the outside air. The floors are polished and the walls specially constructed to prevent an accumulation of dust and to facilitate disinfection; and the same sanitary principle has been kept in view with regard to the furnishing.
, M.B., C.M., Edin., founder and proprietor of Nordrach Cottage Sanatorium, is the third son of the Rev. F. E. Stephenson, of Hobart. He was born in Victoria, in 1866, and educated, primarily, at Horton College, near Ross, Tasmania, where he gained a Tasmanian Government scholarship. This entitled him to several years' tuition in the best medical schools of the Old Country, and he forthwith proceeded to Edinburgh, where, in 1890, he graduated M.B. and C.M. Dr. Stephenson subsequently made a special study of homœpathy, and has since practised it, as being, in his opinion, the more effective system. During 1890–1 he prosecuted further studies in the hospitals of London and Dublin, and in the latter year left for Melbourne, where, soon after his arrival, he was appointed senior resident surgeon of the public hospital. About two years later he established a private practice in St. Kilda, near Melbourne, and in 1895 he crossed the Tasman Sea to practise his profession in Dunedin. Since his arrival in the city Dr. Stephenson has taken an active interest in many phases of social life. He is a member of the Otago Institute and of the Otago Club, is vice-president of the Otago Cycling Club, and a member of the Kaituna Bowling and Tennis Clubs.
, Chemist and Druggist, 4 George Street, Dunedin; Telephone 281; Private residence, Cargill Street. This is an old established business, having been founded in 1874, by the late Mr. B. Bagley, senior. In 1881, Mr. Bagley, senior, retired from the firm of Messrs B. Bagley and Son, and continued the business in this establishment, in which he was succeeded ten years later by his son, the present proprietor. Mr. Alexander Bagley was born in Victoria in 1861, and was brought to Dunedin by his parents in the following year. He was educated at private schools, was under the late Mr. Angus MacGregor, M.A., and also at the Otago Boys' High School. He served an apprenticeship as a surveyor and civil engineer, and followed the profession for nine years. At the conclusion o this period he decided to study the business of a chemist and druggist, served a term with his father, and passed his examination in April, 1889, receiving a certificate as a registered chemist in July of the same year. After acting as manager of the present business for two years, he became the proprietor. In 1899 he was elected for three years as one of the two members who represent Otago and Southland on the New Zealand Pharmacy Board, and was re-elected for a further term of two years in 1902. Mr. Bagley is a member of the Masonic Order, and Past Master of Lodge Dunedin, No. 931, E.C. He is one of the old members of the Dunedin cycling club, and takes a general interest in athletics. Mr. Bagley was married in 1882 to a daughter of the late Mr. J. A. Schott, R.A.M.L. of Hobart, and has two sons (one of whom, Mr. Hugh A. Bagley, is a chemist by examination) and four daughters.
, Chemists and Druggists, 323 Great King Street, and 123 and 28 George Street, Dunedin. This is one of the oldest existing pharmacies in the colony, and it is well known from one end of New Zealand to the other. Of the three shops now conducted by the firm, that at 123 George Street is the oldest. It was established in the early sixties by the late Mr. B. Bagley, near the present premises. Later on it was removed to the opposite side of the street, where it was conducted till July, 1900, when the present large two storey building was procured. For size, cleanliness, and freshness of appearance general arrangement and management this pharmacy is one of the foremost in the colony. The stock is exceedingly large and comprises every class of remedy known to the profession, and everything required for the toilet, as well as many subsidiary lines, and a handsome display is made in a large plate-glass window. The Great King Street branch was opened about 1878, and is now the most popular pharmacy in the north end of the city. It occupies the fore part of a handsome two storey wooden building, part of which is used as a residence by Mr. R. P. Bagley. The third shop—that at 28 George Street—was founded in 1898, and though smaller than either of the other two, it is a well arranged and well kept pharmacy. It is managed by Mr. Raymond—who has been connected with the profession for many years in Dunedin—and the other two shops are managed by Mr. Bagley's two eldest sons, while Mr. Bagley himself supervises the whole. The firm's turnover is perhaps larger than that of any other firm of its kind in the city, and this is largely due to the trust reposed in Mr. Bagley, and to the reputation for reliableness in general dispensing, and in the preparation of prescriptions, justly held by his firm.
, the Proprietor, is the second son of the late Mr. Benjamin Bagley, who is referred to in another article as having been a member of the Dunedin City Council. He was born in Gloucester, England, in April, 1849, and at the age of eleven came to Melbourne by the ship “Red Jacket.” He remained there two years, and in 1862 left in the “Alhambra” for Dunedin. There he completed his education, and in 1869 was apprenticed to his father, whom he joined in partnership in 1874, when the firm was styled Messrs B. Bagley and Son. Seven years later his father retired, and Mr. Bagley became principal of the firm. He holds a high position in his profession, and is much respected. Mr. Bagley has been four times elected a member of the New Zealand Pharmacy Board. on which he occupied a seat from 1886 till 1898. During those twelve years he was examiner in Practical Pharmacy and Dispensary, and supervisor for Otago and Southland in the New Zealand Pharmacy Board's examination. In 1891 he was elected Deputy
, Chemist and Druggist, Grand Hotel Buildings, High Street, Dunedin; Telephone 227; P.O. Box, 153; Bankers, Union Bank of Australia, Ltd.; Private residence, Leith Street. The business conducted by Mr. Bannister was established by himself in 1882 in premises forming a portion of the ground floor and basement of the above named block. Mr. Bannister is a large importer of drugs, druggists' sundries and toilet requisites. The general style of his establishment is in keeping with the magnificence of the edifice of which it is part. The shop is splendidly fitted up with plate glass show-cases with mirrors, and the stock is up-to-date in every respect. Mr. Bannister does a family and dispensing business solely, and has no proprietary medicines of his own. The experience that he gained in his earlier days under Dr. Whittaker in Dualey Port, England, has been of great service to Mr. Bannister in his business. He was born in 1854, in Tipton, Staffordshire, England, where he was educated, and after three years' experience of the medical profession with the practitioner referred to, decided to go to London, where he had a three years' experience in the drug business. He was subsequently assistant to Messrs. Roberts and Co., in Paris, for five years, and for two years and a half to Messrs Hogg and Co., in the same city. Returning to England, he took a situation in Bath for two years, and came out by the ship “Wave Queen” in 1878 to Wellington, where he was assistant to Mr. Plummer and afterwards to the late Mr. C. D. Barraud. After being for a short time in business on his own account, he went to Tasmania, where he remained for a year. On returning to New Zealand, he settled in Timaru in 1881; and thence he removed to Dunedin and established his present business. Mr. Bannister is a prominent yachtsman and is a member of the Dunedin yacht club, of which he has been vice-commodore, and was some time rear-commodore. Mr. Bannister was married in 1883 to a daughter of Mr. E. G. Lane, chemist, of Oamaru, and has one son and one daughter.
, Chemist and Druggist, corner of Frederick and George Streets, Dunedin; Telephone 368; Bankers, Bank of New Zealand. This important business was established more than thirty years ago in Port Chalmers by the late Mr. Elder, who died in 1896. It is now carried on by the son in partnership with the widow. The premises comprise a two-storey stone building, with large show windows and spacious accommodation for the requirements of the trade. The establishment is elegantly fitted up with costly plate glass show cases. There is a complete stock of drugs and druggists' sundries, including toilet goods and patent medicines, which are regularly replenished both by direct importations as well as supplies from local sources. There are a large number of popular proprietary lines amongst which may be named “Broncho,” a remedy for bronchitis, which is in great demand. It is a preparation from a recipe of the late Mr. Elder's, and has been in use for fully thirty years. The late Mr. Elder was born in the Island of Westray, Orkney Islands, in October 1840, and commenced his pharmaceutical work in January, 1855, as an apprentice in Thurso. After serving a term of five years, he became an assistant in one of the largest businesses in the south of Edinburgh, and subsequently returned to Thurso to take charge of the establishment in which he had been apprenticed. After some experience in London, and again in Edinburgh, where he gained two silver medals in veterinary examinations, he came to Port Chalmers in 1864, and was assistant to the late Mr. J. T. Dodd, Princes Street, Dunedin, with whom he remained till the breaking out of the Hokitika “rush” in 1865. After a short experience on the West Coast goldfields, Mr. Elder established himself in Port Chalmers, where he conducted a large trade till May, 1890, when he purchased the business carried on by Mr. M. Marshall, in George Street, Dunedin. While in Port Chalmers, Mr. Elder was largely interested in whaling and sealing ventures, and was very for truncate in winning ambergris, Mr. Elder was a justice of the peace and visiting justice of the Dunedin gaol, and held a seat on the Otago Education Board for nine years. He was also for some time a member of the Otago Harbour Board. In 1889, he was appointed a member of the Pharmacy Board, and subsequently became the registrar of that body for Otago. Mr. Elder was a director of Messrs. Kempt Horne, Prosser and Co.'s New Zealand drug company, and at the time of his death was president of the Dunedin chess club, vice-president of the North End boating club, president of the Grange cricket club and of the Alhambra football club.
(James Reynolds Haynes, proprietor)—formerly the Otago Drug Store and Dispensing Company, Ltd. (Messrs. Petit and Haynes, managers)—, 96 Princes Street (opposite the Bank of New Zealand), Dunedin. Telephone, 526. Private residence, Stafford Street. This well-known establishment was founded in 1888
, Chemist and Druggist, Octagon Drug Hall, corner of Octagon and George Street, Dunedin. Telephone, 752. Private residence, “Clevedon,” 67 Clyde Street. This well-known business was established in 1886, and has been conducted by the present proprietor since 1893. The building is a two-storey brick structure, having double front windows to George Street and two side windows to the Octagon. The interior of the shop is elegantly fitted up with glass show cases with mirror backs, and a large number of new attractive bottles by Whittal, Tatum and Co. have recently been imported. Mr. Sprosen has a considerable number of proprietary medicines, including Like's Liver Pills, Curtayne's Blood Purifier, besides ointment, quinine wine, worm syrup and lozenges, rhubarb and castor oil pills, bronchial tablets, and many other preparations. Latterly Mr. Sprosen has added photographic goods to his stock, and is himself an amateur photographer. He was born in Tokomairiro in 1871 and received his education at Milton high school. Mr. Sprosen learned his business in his native place, and in Dunedin in the shop of which he is now proprietor. Prior to purchasing the business, he was chief assistant for two years. He is a member of the Dunedin ambulance corps, and of the Dunedin poultry fanciers' society, and as a Freemason he is a member of Lodge Otago Kilwinning, S.C.
, Chemist and Druggist, 11 Rattray Street, Dunedin. This business was established in 1873, and was taken over by the present proprietor in January, 1903. The premises comprise the ground floor of a two-storey brick building. The show window, which is well dressed, displays a full assortment of toilet requisites, and medicines, and the shelves are stocked with drugs and druggists' sundries of the best quality. Mr. Thomson, the proprietor, was born in Dunfermline, Scotland, where he was educated and trained for his profession. He was at work in Berwick, London, and Edinburgh, before sailing for New Zealand in 1900. For a short time he was manager for the Ashburton Drug Company, and later on became dispenser at the Dunedin Hospital. Mr. Thomson bought his present business in January, 1903.
(William Wardrop and Cavin Wardrop), Dentists, Hillside Road. South Dunedin. Telephone 316. The dental chambers occupied by this firm are on the first floor of Mr. William Wardrop's chemist's shop, and are furnished with all the latest dental appliances, specially imported for the firm.
, the Senior Partner, was born in Victoria, in 1854, and came with his parents to Dunedin at the age of four. He was educated in Dunedin, and learned his profession as chemist with Mr. James Reid. He first started a business at Wellington, in 1878, but returned to Dunedin two years later, and founded his present business. Mr. Wardrop was registered as a dentist in 1880, and in 1991 took his son, Mr. Gavin Wardrop, into partnership. During his residence in Dunedin Mr. Wardrop has taken an active part in public affairs; he was mayor of South Dunedin for eight years, and after a retirement of several years, was elected a member of the Borough Council in 1902. He has been a member of the Otago Harbour Board, of the Licensing Committee and Charitable Aid Board, and also of the Dunedin Hospital Board, and he has been a Justice of the Peace since the early eighties. Mr. Wardrop has stood for Parliament, but has, as yet, been unsuccessful. He was elected President of the Otago Pharmaceutical Association in 1903, having been vice-president of that body for seven years previously. He has also taken an active part in church matters, has been a local preacher in the Methodist Church for many years, and has occupied the pulpits in some of the largest churches in Dunedin. As a Druid he is Past District Grand President of Otago and Southland Mr. Wardrop is married, and has two sons and two daughters.
, Surgeon Dentist, Junior Partner in his father's firm, was born in Wellington. He was educated at the Dunedin High School, studied for his profession under Mr. Myers, and passed his dental examination in 1901. He went to South Africa with the Ninth Contingent, and on his return was taken into partnership by his father. Mr. Wardrop has been well known as a footballer, and played in the Dunedin football club for nine years. He is a trumpeter of the Otago Hussars, and was for some time previously bugler to the North Dunedin Rifles.
, Chemist and Druggist, 20 Princes Street, Dunedin. This business was for many years conducted by Mr. J. Reid, and was purchased by the present proprietor in 1898. The premises were then thoroughly renovated, and the interior of the dispensary and the large window neatly and attractively fitted up. Large stocks of drugs and proprietary medicines are kept. Under its present management the business has become one of the most popular in the city, and the utmost reliance can be placed upon the preparation of prescriptions and the quality of the materials used.
, the Proprietor, was born in Auckland in 1873, and educated at the Auckland College and Grammar School. He was apprenticed to Messrs Henderson and Orr, chemists and druggists, of Auckland, and in 1896 passed the New Zealand Pharmacy Board's examination. For two years afterwards he managed a business at Coromandel, and in 1898 purchased his present business. During his residence in Dunedin Mr. Waters has taken a keen interest in football and tennis, and is a member of the Roslyn Association Football Club and of the Kaituna Tennis Club.
, Chemist and Druggist, 174 Princes Street South, Dunedin. Telephone, 302. P.O. Box, 276. Bankers: National Bank of New Zealand. The business conducted by Mr. Woodward was originally established in 1853, and subsequently conducted by Messrs. Dodd, T. J. Leary, and A. M. Loasby, respectively. Mr. Woodward entered into possession in March, 1897. The premises form part of a two storey brick building, the upper floor of which is occupied by Dr. Alexander Paterson, as consulting rooms. The ground floor, occupied by Mr. Woodward, consists of a double shop beautifully fitted up with the usual elegant show-cases found in first-class establishments of this kind. The proprietor does a large family and dispensing business, and prepares a great many prescriptions for medical practitioners of the city and suburbs, as well as acting for a number of friendly societies. He is a regular importer of drugs, druggists' sundries, toilet, and other requisites, and maintains a considerable stock in all up-to-date lines. Mr. Woodward, who is the eldest son of Mr. Frank Woodward, manager of the National Bank at Invercargill, was born in Auckland in 1869, and was educated at public and private schools. He served his apprenticeship to his predecessor, Mr. A. M. Loasby, and after the completion of his term was for seven years assistant to Mr. James Boon, of Nelson. After returning to Dunedin he acquired Mr. Loasby's business, Mr. Woodward is a member of the Otago rowing club and other athletic associations.
, Doctor of Magnetism and Medical Electrician. Rattray Street. Dunedin. The practice now conducted by Dr. Commins was established by the late Mr. Jenkins, who was succeeded by the present proprietor. The establishment is one of the best of its kind in the Australasian colonies, and is supplied with all the latest and most scientific appliances. Magnetic and galvanic treatment is now recognised as a valuable addition to medical science, and has given most wonderful results, particularly in nervous and kindred diseases. Dr. Commins, who is a graduated Doctor of Magnetics, made a specialty of this study in Europe
, Masseuse and Electrician, 39 Moray Place, Dunedin. Miss Culling was born in Dunedin, and educated at the Convent there. About 1890 she began to study for her profession, and in 1892 went to Auckland, where, at Rotorua, she practised under the guidance of an eminent German electrician. In 1894 she returned to Dunedin, and commenced practice in the Australian Mutual Provident Buildings, and about seven years later removed to her present position in Moray Place. Miss Culling's rooms comprise four well-appointed apartments on the ground floor of a two storey stone and plaster building. The apparatus is of the most up-to-date character, and includes the electrical boilers and electrical vibration appliances used in the application of Tallerman's system of dry-hot-air treatment.
(Herrmann Döring, Proprietor), Moray Place, Dunedin. These excellent baths were established in 1874 by a local company, the systems of heating and ventilation being constructed under the direction of the present owner. The baths were subsequently conducted by a negro for three years, after which Mr. F. Phelan was proprietor for a short period. In 1890 Mr. William Asher acquired the property, which he leased to Mr. Döring, who completely remodelled the interior, and put the whole in the thorough state of repair in which it is still maintained. The one storey brick buildings, which have sixty feet frontage to Moray Place, contain an area of over 6000 square feet. There are two well-lighted and ventilated hot rooms, which are replete with the latest improvements in every respect—hot air flues from the furnace passing entirely round, and fresh air being supplied from below. It is noticeable that, when as many as twenty-four people are in the rooms at the same moment, the air is still pure and sweet, so perfect is the system for the ingress and egress of fresh air. The temperature averages about 130 degrees. In the shampooing room there are three slabs, a steam bath, and needle and sitz baths, besides every other convenience. Bathers have the great advantage of a splendid cold swimming bath (size 36 × 24), which contains 30,000 gallons, and adjoins the latter apartment; this bath may be used at will without extra charge. A very large cooling room, furnished with couches, lounges, and easy chairs, possesses a fire grate and every accessory for the comfort of bathers. The swimming bath is supplied with a life-saving jacket, so as to afford opportunities for learners in the art of swimming. There are also eight comfortable and well fitted warm plunge baths. Mr. Döring was born in Germany in 1830. His experience in the management of Turkish baths was gained in Constantinople, where he was for three years employed in local baths. He arrived in Port Chalmers by the brig “Fawn” in 1863, and was for many years engaged in business as a butcher, before becoming connected with the Turkish baths. His kindly genial manner, and close attention to his customers, render him deservedly popular. The baths are open every day except Monday—which is reserved for cleaning—from 9 a.m. to 8 p.m.
, Hernia Specialist, 26 Smith Street, Dunedin. Mr. Martin was born at Milton, Otago, in 1863, and is a son of the late Mr. James Martin, who came to New Zealand in 1840. He was educated at the Milton district grammar school, and was afterwards trained as a draper. In 1896 he entered the employment of Messrs A. and T. Inglis, George Street, Dunedin, and occupied a responsible position there for some years. In his leisure hours Mr. Martin devoted himself to the study of hernia and its cure, and in 1303, he resigned his commercial position, and purchased the sole right, in the Australasian colonies, to employ the famous method of hernia treatment founded by the late Dr. J. A. Sherman, of New York, America.
(Proprietors, Mr. and Mrs D. Edwin Booth), 30 Stuart Street, Dunedin. This institute was
was born in New York in 1868, and was educated in England for the medical profession. Before completing his course, however, he turned his attention to his present calling, and after making a thorough study of electro-massage and dry-hot-air, as well as other branches of treatment, he left for Australia. There, for a time, he continued his studies in anatomy, besides visiting some of the hospitals, and in 1891 he sailed for Dunedin to establish his present practice. At Sydney, New South Wales, in 1830, he married Miss Mary Mee, who for twelve years was a nurse in the London Hospital, and other London institutions. Mrs Booth ably assists her husband in his professional work.
, Cancer Specialist, Stuart Street, Dunedin. Mr. Stanton is the son of a British naval officer, and was born at Hendon, near London, in 1838. For some years he studied for the medical profession, in London and Cambridge, but, discovering that he was possessed of great power as a magnetic healer, he changed his plans, and entered the magnetic institute of Dr. Elliot, Edgeware Road, London, where he spent seven years, going through a complete course in the study of magnetic healing. In 1858 Mr. Stanton sailed for Australia, where he practised his profession for about ten years, when he came to New Zealand. For about nine years he conducted a private hospital, in Auckland, for patients suffering from cancer, and in 1900 removed to Dunedin, where he has since acquired an extensive practice.
, Artificial Limb Maker, 86 Great King Street, Dunedin. Mr. Johnson, who is the only artificial limb maker in the South Island, has built up a reputation for himself second to none in the southern hemisphere. His establishment is opposite the hospital, in a building detached from his pretty dwelling house, and is fitted up with all the latest appliances, imported from England and the continent. Models of the most up-to-date artificial limbs are on
was born in Norway, in 1838, and served an apprenticeship with Morris, Gallus and Co., artificial limb-makers. He arrived in New Zealand in 1878, in the ship “Waips,” and ten years later started his present business. As a Freemason he is attached to Lodge Otago, 844, English Constitution, and he is also a member of the Dunedin Bowling Club. Mr. Johnson was married in 1880, to a daughter of Mr. John Stevens, an old colonist, and has five daughters and one son.
(New Zealand Centre). The Dunedin Centre of this body was established in 1889, and the present officers are: President, Mr. Justice Williams, M.A., LL.M.; Vice-Presidents, the Most Rev. the Primate (Bishop Nevill), and Mr. John Roberts, C.M.G.; Chairman, Dr. W. J. Will, J.P.; Vice-Chairman, the Mayor of Dunedin, ex-officio; Secretary and Treasurer, Mr. J. E. Bone. During the fifteen years of its existence in Otago the Centre has pursued with vigour the object of the parent body. Not only in Dunedin, but in many other parts of the province, classes are held every year for the instruction of members in first-aid to the injured, and in nursing, and in this connection many of the medical practitioners have given their services free. In Dunedin city the classes have been especially successful, and a large number of candidates have passed through various courses and received certificates. The following are the results of classes since the formation of the local centre; Men who have completed course of instruction, over 2000; men who have re-received certificates, about 1000; women who have completed course of instruction, about 2800, this number being nearly equally divided between the first aid and the nursing classes; women who have received certificates, first aid, about 950; nursing, about 400; certificated pupils who have received medallions—men, about 180; women, about 180. In connection with its city brigade and invalid transport service, the Centre has several wheeled litters on springs, ambulance stretchers and hampers of surgical requisites. These are kept in central positions, such as the City Fire Brigade station, for public use in case of accident or sickness. The ambulance and nursing corps, both at Dunedin and at country centres, have rendered valuable service, and in many instances really good work has been done. There are also other phases of activity in connection with the Order, such as the almoners' department, which assists indigent convalescents, and the department for the presentation of awards for distinguished conduct in the rescue of human life. In all these branches the Dunedin Centre has shown itself keenly alive to its self-imposed duties. An abstract of the history of the Association is given at page 289 of the Canterbury volume of this Cyclopedia, and is here reproduced by special request. The St. John Ambulance Association can be traced back to the year 1023, when some merchants of Amalfi, a seaport to the south of Naples, obtained permission from the Caliph of Bagdad to found a hospice at Jerusalem for the reception of Christian pilgrims, who were lodged, and, if sick, cared for, at the establishment. This institution was so useful that it acquired a far-spread popularity, and not only pilgrims, but pious persons in all parts of Christendom, contributed to its funds. A well-defined organisation, therefore, soon became a necessity. From this organisation emerged the Order of the Knights of St. John of Jerusalem, famous in connection with the Crusades, and the defence of Acre, Rhodes, and Malta, and for its influence generally upon war, politics, and religion, as well as for its treatment of sick and wayworn pilgrims and travellers. In its modern civic development, as the St. John Ambulance Association, it continues to do a great philanthropic work in maintenance of its motto Pro utilitate hominum. Its present lines of action may be said to date from 1827, though it was not till 1877 that the association was formally founded, and its charter of incorporation was not granted till 1888. St. John's Gate, London, is the headquarters of the association. In England the work of the Order takes various forms, such as the relief of convalescents from hospitals and infirmaries, the promotion of cottage hospitals in country districts, the maintenance of ambulance stations, and the award of medals and diplomas for gallantry in saving life by land. Its classes for instruction in the methods of first aid in cases of accident or sickness are extremely interesting in themselves, and the means of conferring genuine benefits on the community. The Victoria Hospital at Cairo, a Nursing Home for the sick poor in London. and the British Ophthalmic Hospital at Jerusalem, were instituted by the association. It may be stated that the Sultan of Turkey himself presented the association with the ground on which its hospital stands at Jerusalem; just as the Caliph of Bagdad, in 1023, gave the merchants of Amalfi a site for their hospice.
, M.B., C.M., Edin., Chairman of the Dunedin Branch of the St. John Ambulance Association, was born in the East Taieri district in November, 1858, and is the second son of Rev. William Will, who came to Otago in 1854. He was educated at the East Taieri public school, and the University of Otago, and graduated at the Edinburgh University in 1884. The following year he returned to New Zealand, and established his present practice in the Green Island district, with his centre as Abbotsford, where he resides. Dr. Will has always taken a keen interest in volunteering. He joined the East Taieri Rifles, as a private, in 1878, and became surgeon-captain to the Green Island Rifles in 1885. Seven years later he was appointed surgeon-captain to the Dunedin Engineers, in 1898 was promoted surgeon-major to the same corps, and in 1901 he was elected surgeon-major of the 1st Battalion of the Otago Rifle Volunteers. Dr. Will, who is a Justice of the Peace, was married, in 1885, to a daughter of Mr. John Pegg, of Melbourne House, Derbyshire, England, and has two daughters and one son.
The five banks carrying on business in New Zealand are each represented in Dunedin, which has, also, a local savings bank and the Post Office savings bank. These institutions conduct their business in handsome buildings, and the Bank of New Zealand and the Union Bank of Australia are noteworthy specimens of ornate architecture. For the year 1902 the total average liabilities of the five banks in the colony, in respect to New Zealand transactions, were £18,701,063, and the average assets, £18,999,180. The average amount on deposit during that year was £17,231,767, of which £1,090,174 belonged to the Government of New Zealand. Excluding this sum, deposits to the value of £8,531,614 were hearing interest, and a total of £7,609,979 was lying at call. The value of the notes in circulation was £1,375,788. At the end of 1902 the deposits in the five banks of issue and in the two classes of savings banks, amounted to £24,018,470, exclusive of Government moneys. In addition, there were deposits lying with building societies, and also with financial companies. The known deposits amounted to an average of £30 0s 9d per head of the population, exclusive of Maoris.
was established in 1817, and has branches throughout New Zealand. The paid-up capital is £2,000 000, with a reserve fund of £1,315,000, and a reserve liability of proprietors of £2 000,000. The directors are: The Hon. Charles K. MacKellar, M.L.C., President; Hon. Sir Normand MacLaurin, M.L.C.; Hon. Reginald Black, M.L.C.; Senator James Thomas Walker; Mr. William Alfred Coffee, and Mr. Richard Binnie. The head office of the Bank is in Sydney, and Mr. John Russell French is the general manager. The Dunedin branch of this bank, in Princes Street, was established about the year 1861, simultaneously with the bank taking over the Oriental Banking Company's connection. The original office was opened in leasehold premises upon the site now occupied by the New Zealand Government Life Insurance office. The present building, erected in 1866, is built of stone. It has three stories, with a basement, a banking chamber, a manager's room, and inspector's room, as well as a private residence.
, Manager of the Bank of New South Wales in Dunedin, is an officer of thirty years' experience in the bank, and previously served in the Bank of British North America in London for two years. He was born in Perthshire, Scotland, and is the son of Major Salmon, of the Bengal Artillery, E.I.S. In 1874 he joined the Bank of New South Wales in Sydney, and after a short stay in that colony went to Queensland in the bank's service, and served there in various capacities for seventeen years. Mr. Salmon received his first managership in 1880, and was in charge of the Rockhampton branch all through the Mount Morgan boom. In 1893 he was sent to West Australia, in charge of the bank's business there, and was manager in Perth for six years. In 1900 he was removed to Dunedin to relieve Mr. Perston, who then retired from the service.
, Lower Rattray Street. Dunedin. Head Office, London; head office for the colonies, Melbourne. This bank, which was established in 1835. has a subscribed capital of £1,600,000, a paid up capital of £1,600,000, and a reserve fund of £1,100,000.
, Manager of the Dunedin branch of the Bank of Australasia, began his banking career in the Bank of Ireland, and served as sub-agent of that bank, at Dundalk. In 1876 he joined the Bank of Australasia, and was manager at Masterton and Invercargill successively, before taking charge at Dunedin in 1897.
Head Office, Cornhill, London, Head office for New Zealand, Wellington: George E. Tolhurst, Inspector; Dunedin Office, Princes Street; David Stewart, Manager. The bank has a capital of £4,500,000, and a reserve fund of £1,000 000. The profits for the year ending 1903 amounted to £134 143.
, Manager of the Union Bank at Dunedin, was born in Kincardineshire. Scotland, and educated at the Aberdeen Grammar school. He served an apprenticeship of four years with the City of Glasgow Bank, and joined the London office of the Union Bank of Australasia, Limited, in 1877. The same year he came to New Zealand. After holding various managements he received his present appointment in 1899. Mr. Stewart is an enthusiastic member of the Otago golf club, and a member of the Fernhill Club. He married a daughter of the late Captain Fuller, of Rangiora, and has four children.
, corner of Princess and Rattray Streets, Dunedin. The Dunedin branch of the Bank of New Zealand was one of the earliest in the history of the bank. Originally, it occupied a site in Rattray Street, where it was established in 1861. The present site has been occupied by the bank since 1863, and the imposing building now erected thereon is one of the finest in the mercantile quarter of the city. It has five floors, including the basement, and was finished in 1883. On the ground floor there is a magnificent banking chamber, together with the offices of the manager, assistant manager, and accountant. The next floor has the inspectors' room, clerks' offices, and stationery room. The manager's residence occupies the second floor, and the messengers' quarters are located on the upper storey and basement. A staff of forty-five officials is employed in connection with the bank's branch in Dunedin.
, Manager of the Bank of New Zealand, Dunedin, has had a large experience in banking pursuits, and is recognised as a very able financier. He was born in Aberdeenshire, Scotland, in 1855, and commenced his banking career in England on the staff of the Chartered Mercantile Bank of India, and afterwards became accountant at the head office in London of the National Bank of New Zealand. After arriving in the Colony in 1884, Mr. Michie held the position of inspector for the same institution, and was subsequently appointed manager of the Dunedin branch of the bank. He joined the Bank of New Zealand in Dunedin as manager in 1891. Two years later, Mr. Michie paid a visit to Great Britain, and on his return to the Colony was offered the position of general manager of the Bank, which, however, he did not see his way to accept. He is a member of the Fernhill club, and is keenly interested in golfing, being a member of the Otago golf club. Mr. Michie was married in Timaru to a daughter of the late Mr. H. J. LeCren, of that district, and has, surviving, three children.
, Gold Clerk and Assayer at the Bank of New Zealand, Dunedin, was born in 1843, at Hereford, England, and was educated principally at King's College, London. Mr. McAdam is a great-grandson of the celebrated John Loudon McAdam, the Scottish surveyor, who invented the system of road-making, which goes by the name of macadamised roads;
, Princes Street, Dunedin; head office, London; head office in New Zealand, Wellington. General Manager, Mr. J. H. B. Coates. This bank was established in 1872, and has an authorised capital of £1,750,000, and a reserve fund of £180,000. The premises consist of an imposing two-storey stone structure in Princes Street, with a fine entrance opening into the large public banking chamber.
, General Manager of the National Bank of New Zealand at Dunedin, was born in Morven, Argyleshire, Scotland, and educated at Foyle College, Londonderry. He served seventeen years with the Northern Banking Company, Ireland, and received the appointment of manager when only twenty-three years old. In 1879 he resigned to accept the appointment of Inspector of the Bank of Africa, and became manager of the Kimberley branch of that bank. After an attack of fever he returned to England and was advised not to return to Africa. Mr. Thomson then obtained the appointment of Inspector of the National Bank of New Zealand, and filled the position for seven years, before succeeding Mr. Michie as Manager of the Dunedin branch in August, 1891. He takes an active interest in athletics and sports of all kinds, and has been president of the Fernhill Club, the Dunedin Amateur Athletic and Swimming Club, and a member of the committee of the Dunedin Jockey Club, and the Council of the Otago Acclimatisation Society. Mr. Thomson is also president of the Chrysanthemum Club, and a successful amateur exhibitor at local flower shows. He married a daughter of the late Mr. George Gould, of Christchurch, and has four sons and one daughter.
is a handsome two-storey wooden building, with frontages to George, Pitt, London, and Frederick Streets. The present building was erected in 1877 to replace the first offices of the bank which were opened in George Street in 1874. The large banking chamber, the manager's private offices, and the strong room are on the ground floor, and the first floor is used as a residence for the manager.
, Manager of the North Dunedin branch of the Bank of New Zealand, was born in Launceston, Tasmania, and finished his education at the Church of England Grammar School. He served eleven years in the Bank of Tasmania, and joined the Bank of New Zealand at Dunedin in 1872. In February, 1875, he was appointed manager of the newly opened North Dunedin branch, where he is still in charge. Mr. Israel was for many years secretary of the Dunedin Choral Society, and was secretary to the Music Committee of the New Zealand and South Seas Exhibition of 1889; he has for thirteen years been a member of the Union Street school committee, being three times elected chairman. He has been twice chosen as President of the Dunedin and Suburban School Committees' Conference, and is now a member of its executive committee, and was also chairman of the committee controlling the school children's demonstration at the celebration of the jubilee of the province of Otago in 1898, and the great children's gathering on the occasion of the visit of the Prince and Princess of Wales. Mr. Israel, who was at the same time a member of the Royal Reception Committee, received special thanks from the Princess in connection with the latter office. He was one of the founders, and is now Treasurer of the Dunedin Competitions Society, instituted in February, 1903, for the furtherance of study in Literature, Music, and Art.
is a handsome two-storey brick building at the corner of George and Hanover Streets. The premises were erected in 1897, to replace those of the old North Dunedin branch, which had been opened in 1877. The main office, which opens from George Street is an imposing chamber, finished in polished figured New Zealand red pine, and leading into the manager's private office and strong room. The first floor is used as the manager's residence, with an entrance from Hanover Street. The premises are installed with a complete system of electric bells and speaking tubes, and the London Chairman of Directors, in visiting this bank, described it as one of the handsomest branches he had visited in New Zealand.
, the manager, is a son of the late Mr. James Brown, who arrived in Dunedin by the ship “Berinicea,” in 1849, and brought out with him the timber of the first wooden house built in Dunedin. He died in 1898, Mr. Brown was born on board ship a few days before landing, and was educated in Dunedin, and at Nelson College. He entered the Dunedin office of the Bank of New Zealand, and nine years later joined the National Bank, and was appointed manager of the North Dunedin branch on its opening in 1877. Mr. Brown is now the oldest bank manager in Dunedin. He is a trustee of the Dunedin Hospital, and has been a Justice of the Peace for sixteen years. He married Miss Ashenden, of Auckland, who died on the 28th of January, 1895, leaving one daughter.
, Lower High Street, Dunedin. Vice-President, Mr. Keith Ramsay; Trustees, Messrs R. Chisholm, Thomas Christie, G. L. Denniston, George Lawrence, J. T. MacKerras, P. T. Wright, and J. F. Arnold, M.H.R.; manager, Mr F. Smith. The Dunedin Savings Bank was established in 1861 under the provisions of the “Savings Bank Act, 1858,” to encourage thrift in New Zealand. The trustees have acted voluntarily and without remuneration, despite the constant demands on their valuable time, and the bank has already been enabled to vote the large sums of £11,205 to benevolent institutions, and £6500 to the University of Otago, by way of endowment out of profits earned. The amount which has accumulated to the credit of depositors is £100,000. The accounts show a surplus of some £10,300, in addition to £1159 placed to the credit of a special reserve fund to provide against contingencies. The Dunedin Savings Bank owes a debt of gratitude to the ability of Mr. E. Smith, who successfully managed the institution from its inception till his death in 1895.
, Manager of the Dunedin Savings Bank, who succeeded to the position on the death of his father in 1895, was born in Dunedin in 1864—the year of the founding of the bank. Educated at the Dunedin High School, he entered the bank as a junior, subsequently rising to the position of chief clerk; this office he held for several years, being closely associated with the institution till he was appointed manager. Mr. Smith takes a general interest in cricket and football. He was a member of the Pirates Football Club, and played as representative in various interprovincial matches. Mr. Smith is Treasurer of the Otago Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals.
, who arrived in New Zealand in 1880, by the s.s. “Durham,” was born in Hanley, Stafford-shire, England, in 1858, and was educated at local schools. He joined the Manchester and Liverpool District Bank, in which he remained for over six years and gained his first banking experience. Shortly after his arrival in New Zealand Mr. Vigers was appointed accountant in the Colonial Bank at Cambridge, Waikato. Eighteen months later he was transferred to Gore, and after filling many positions in the bank's service, was appointed manager of the Dunedin branch in 1890. Four years later, on the retirement of Mr. Watson, he was appointed inspector, and held that office until he was appointed a liquidator of the Colonial Bank.
Insurance, in its various forms, is adequately provided for in Dunedin, as in the other large towns of New Zealand. Foreign and colonial institutions are represented, but the foreign companies are required to invest with the New Zealand Government securities sufficient to guarantee the responsibilities which they undertake within the colony. A uniform rate prevails among the fire insurance offices, but as with the various tables and methods of life insurance, the conditions differ, so do the rates. Consequently business in this branch of insurance is very keenly competed for. The Dunedin offices of some of the insurance companies are, architecturally, features of the city; in this respect they vie with the banks, and in some instances surpass them in stateliness and magnificence. The offices of the Government Life Insurance, the Australian Mutual Provident, and the Standard Insurance Company are superb examples of massive and ornate architecture.
(successors to the Union Insurance Company of New Zealand), Stock Exchange Buildings, Princes Street, Dunedin. Telephone, 354. Post Office Box, 19; Bankers, Union Bank of Australia, Ltd. Branch manager for Otago and Southland, Mr: Charles Robert Smith. Chief agents in Invercargill, Messrs W. Tedd and Co., auctioneers, “The Rialto,” Don Street. Head office for New Zealand, Hereford Street, Christchurch, under which the company is further noticed in the Canterbury volume of this work.
, corner of Water and Crawford Streets, Dunedin. Telephone, 188. P.O. Box, 114. Bankers, Union Bank of Australia. The head offices of this old established company are at 45 Dale Street, Liverpool, and 73 to 76 King William Street, London, E.C. The security of the company totals £3 686,092, and the losses paid since its inception amount to over £11,397,000. The attorney for Otago and Southland is Mr. H. D. Stronach, who was appointed from the Liverpool office on the 1st of November, 1896.
, which was founded in 1773, and re-organised in 1824, occupies a very high position amongst British Fire Offices, and its methods have made it a popular company with insurers in all parts of the world. Its accumulated funds total nearly £3,000,000. Messrs J. G. Ward and Company are the chief agents and attorneys for Wellington, Otago and Southland; and they have appointed Mr. James Richardson, for many years chief of the Standard Company's Fire Department, as local manager for Otago. Having a complete local administration, the company offers to insurers similar advantages to those possessed by its colonial competitors, and consequently receives a large measure of public patronage.
, who is widely known as one of the most experienced fire underwriters in the colony, is the youngest son of the late Dr. Frederick Hall Richardson, and was born at the end of 1846, in Cheltenham, England, where he was educated. He came with his family to Otago in the early days of the settlement, and on returning to England served an apprenticeship to mercantile life. After his return to New Zealand Mr. Richardson had about seven years of mercantile experience and also of “roughing it” before joining the Victoria Insurance Company as fire inspector in 1875. In 1880 he accepted the position of chief of the fire department in the Standard Insurance Company, where he also acted as deputy during the general manager's absences. When Messrs J. G. Ward and Company accepted the attorneyship of the Manchester Assurance Company they selected Mr. Richardson for the Otago management, and their choice has no doubt been fully justified by the results of his operations. Mr. Richardson having travelled in Switzerland and other European tourist resorts, early recognised the value of the scenic assets of Southern New Zealand, and has done much to advertise them by contributions to the press. During vacations he has visited thirty of the cold lakes, and is the author of guide books issued by the present Government and its predecessors. It was largely owing to a paper read by him before the Otago Institute that the Barrier and Resolution Islands were set apart as sanctuaries for the unique wingless birds of New Zealand, whose extinction on the main land is inevitable, owing to the introduction of weasels and stoats into the colony. Whilst the study and practice of fire insurance has been the work of his life for the past twenty-five years, Mr. Richardson has always taken a keen interest in field sports during his spare time, and to this must be attributed his surprising juvenility of appearance. He has been an active member of the Hunt Club, captain of the Dunedin Hockey Club, a well known rifle shot, and was one of the founders of the Amateur Athletic Club. Like many more distinguished men, he believes in exercise in the open air as a necessary alternative to the wear and tear of modern competition, and now finds it in handling rod or gun when opportunity offers. Mr. Richardson is an honorary life governor of the Otago Benevolent Institution, has filled positions as president of the Insurance Club and North End Improvement Committee, and served for some years on his local school committee. He has several times refused nomination for the City Council and the House of Representatives, for business reasons preferring to take no part in municipal or general politics.
(Mr. Thomas McKerrow, District Manager), Dunedin. Head Office, London. Head office for New Zealand, Wellington. General Manager, Mr. R. M. Simpson. This company, which was established in 1789, has a capital of £2,688,800, assets of £1,834,000, and an annual premium income of £1,500,000. Claims for
Head office, Liverpool. Head office for Australasia, Melbourne. Messrs Henderson Law and Company, Chief Agents for Otago district, Exchange Buildings, Water Street, Dunedin. The “Royal” is the largest fire insurance company in the world, and has been established over half a century in Australasia. The total funds exceed twelve millions, with an annual revenue of over three and a half millions sterling. The company's ordinary fire policies cover loss arising from gas explosions, bush fires, and lightning; and rents of buildings rendered untenantable by fire are also insured, which affords a valuable protection to property owners and lessees. Messrs Henderson, Law and Company have represented the company in Dunedin from the early sixties, the chief agency for Otago having been held by their firm ever since the company commenced operations there.
, Chief Representative for the district of Otago, is the second son of the late Mr. Henderson Law, founder of the firm of Messrs Henderson Law and Company, merchants, Dunedin. He was born in Dunedin, and educated principally at the Dunedin High School. He afterwards joined the service of the Bank of Australasia, and after twelve years and a half retired to become a member of the Dunedin Stock Exchange, with which he is still connected. After the death of his father in 1900. he joined the firm of Henderson Law and Co., and when his brother, Mr. James Alexander Law, died in 1901, he became sole partner.
, Queen's Rooms, Crawford Street, Dunedin. This company, which was established in 1862, has a capital of £250,000, a paid up capital of £125,000, and a reserve fund of £75,000. Mr. A. E. Kernot is manager for New Zealand, and Mr. A. J. Sullivan, chief agent for Otago.
, Chief Agent for Otago, was born in Dunedin in 1867, and was educated at the Christian Brothers' School, where, in his fourteenth year, he gained the highest distinction in the whole of the school subjects. He has been very prominent in athletic circles, and represented his province on the football field, besides doing excellent service for the Dunedin Amateur Boating Club, and the Dunedin Cycling Club. He is a vice-president of the latter body, and has been largely instrumental in working it up to its present position. In 1901, after sixteen years of practical experience with some well known companies, he accepted his present position as chief agent in Otago for the Australian Alliance Fire and Marine Assurance Company.
, Ltd., Corner of Crawford and Water Streets, Dunedin. Telephone 41, Bankers, Bank of New Zealand. Manager for Otago, Mr. G. J. Reid. Head office for the Colony, corner of Lambton Quay and Grey Street, Wellington. An illustrated descriptive article about this company and some of its officers, appears on pages 521 and 522 of the Wellington volume of this Cyclopedia.
, Manager for the Commercial Union Assurance Company in Dunedin, was born and educated in Wellington. He entered the service of the Colonial Insurance Company in Wellington, and continued in its service till the business was sold to the Commercial Union Assurance Company. Mr. Reid remained on the staff with the latter company, at the Head Office, till August, 1897, when he was transferred to Dunedin to take up the duties of his office. During his residence in Wellington he was interested in out door recreations, as a member of the Star Boating, the Amateur Athletic, and the Wellington Football Clubs.
, Otago branch, Corner of Rattray and Crawford Streets, Dunedin. Telephone, 10. P.O. Box, 283. Bankers, Bank of New Zealand; Head Office, New Zealand Insurance Buildings, Queen Street, Auckland. The local offices of this company, which were erected in 1887, consist of a handsome four storey brick and stone building, the ground floor and basement of which are occupied for the purposes of the Otago branch, of which Mr. W. I. Bolam is manager. The company's Southland branch is situated in Esk Street, Invercargill, where Mr. Edward Belton Pilcher is manager. A sub-branch at Oamaru works under Dunedin, and is managed by Mr. James B. Grave. The company's net revenue for 1903 was £424,669; and at the same date its reserve funds, including undivided profits, amounted to £359,448.
, Manager of the Otago branch of the New Zealand Insurance Company, joined the company's service in 1884, at the head office, Auckland. He was transferred to Napier, and afterwards to Wellington; and, subsequently, he filled the position of manager of the company's branch in Tasmania. Mr. Bolam's biography is given at pages 646–647 in the Wellington volume of this work.
. Messrs. J. S. Hodgson (Governor), H. F. Tiarks (Sub-Governor), and N. Lubbock (Deputy-Governor), and an influential board of twenty-four directors. Secretary, Mr. E. R. Handcock. Head office, Royal Exchange, London. Chief office for the Australasian Colonies, 63 Pitt Street, Sydney. Mr. W. A. Walton, J.P., Superintendent Principal New Zealand agencies; George King and Co., Ltd., Christ-church, Blackburne and Bendale, Wellington, Nevill Newcomb, Auckland, George Froggart, Invercargill, and representatives in all the leading centres of population. Australian offices—head, 63 Pitt Street, Sydney, the Orient Steam Navigation Company; Melbourne, Rucker and McKenzie; Adelaide, Gibbs, Bright and Co.; Brisbane, Webster and Co. This powerful Company, which was founded in 1720, undertakes all descriptions of fire and marine insurance. It has already paid more than £38,000,000 in claims, and has obtained the confidence of its policy holders by the moderate premiums charged, and the promptitude and liberality of its payments when losses occur.
, J.P., the Superintendent for Australasia for the Royal Exchange Assurance Corporation of London, was born in 1859, in Liverpool,
. Directors: Messrs. J. Reid (Chairman), John Mill, A. C. Begg, the Hon. T. Fergus, and Messrs D. Haynes and M. Joel; General Manager, Mr. Thomas R. Fisher; Head Office, Standard Insurance Buildings, High Street, Dunedin; capital, £1,000,000; paid up £75,000. The company is unlimited in liability. This well known insurance company was established in 1874, and at its inception, occupied a suite of offices in Princes Street. The present head office in High Street, which was purchased in 1884, is a very fine three storey brick building with basement, and the company occupies the central portion of the ground floor. The public office which is entered by very handsome folding doors is one of the finest and best finished offices in the Colony and is surrounded by private offices for the general manager and his staff, and a very fine board room. The Standard Insurance Company was originally under the management of Mr. Charles Reid, but the present general manager, Mr. T. R. Fisher, has had charge of the business since 1880. It may fairly be said to be a very successful local institution, dividends at the rate of seven and a half per cent. having been maintained all along the line, besides occasional bonuses. The company undertakes every description of fire insurance risk, and, as a marine office, wool is insured from sheeps' backs or woolshed to London, open policies being issued to cover shipments to and from Great Britain, America, India, China, the Australian Colonies and all New Zealand ports. The company does a considerable business by way of guarantee of the fidelity of persons in positions of trust. The resident managers at the various branches of the company are as follows: Messrs. R. Templeton (Hawkesbury), Adams Bros., (Heriot), Henderson and Batger (Invercargill), P. Souness (Kaitangata), T. Crawford (Kelso), John Thomson (Lawrence), C. F. Roberts (Livingstone), William Fraser (Lovell's Flat), John C. Macgregor (Mataura), C. D. Smith (Middlemarch), Donald Reid (Milton), James Annand (Mornington), H. H. Inglis (Mosgiel), F. R. Smith (Naseby), A. King (North East Valley), Bruce Christie and J. and T. Meek (Oamaru), John Grant (Outram), Andrew Richardson (Owaka), J. T. Gwynne (Palmerston), F. W. Platts (Port Chalmers), Robert Boyne (Queenstown), T. R. Tanner (Riversdale), George O. Cassels (Riverton), Thomas Hurd (South Dunedin), William Pyle (St. Bathans), James McKinlay (Stirling), Crawford and Colquhoun (Tapanui), R. Templeton (Waikouaiti), D. Clarke (Waipahi), F. W. Knight and Co. (Waipori), W. Auld (Waitahuna), R. Landreth (Waitati), James Forsyth (Wyndham), George Johnston (Auckland), Archibald Scott (Christchurch), W. Evans (Wellington), W. F. J. Anderson (Napier), F. A. Bamford (Nelson), T. Jaques Martin and Co. (Melbourne), C. J. Royle (Sydney), Duncan T. Lawes (Adelaide), Church and Holmes (Brisbane), H. J. Symons (London), J. Cadden and Co. (Glasgow). The Otago Agents and Agencies are as follows: Messrs. Burton and Patterson, Sievwright Bros. and Co. and Duncan and McGregor (Dunedin City), L. Ryan, Jun. (Alexandra South), Thomas Begg (Anderson's Bay), H. B. Smith (Arrowtown), R. Grigor (Balclutha), Henderson and Batger (Bluff), T. Riddle (Caversham), D. A. McLachlan (Clinton), W. Cullen (Crookston), A. Battersby (Dunback), T. Moore and Co. (Duntroon), J. Forsyth (Edendale), Henderson and Batger (Gore), A. A. McWilliam (Hampden).
, General Manager of the Standard Fire and Marine Insurance Company of New Zealand, is the eldest son of the Rev. Thomas R. Fisher, who with his family settled in Christchurch, Canterbury, in 1857. Mr. Fisher was born in the year 1837 at Waltham Abbey in the County of Essex, England, and was educated at the old Kingswood school. On leaving this institution he at once commenced commercial life. In 1854, owing to indifferent health, he left the Old Country
(Otago Branch), Liverpool Street, Dunedin. Manager, Mr. R. M. Clark. Telephone, 52. Branches, Invercargill and Oamaru. Manager's private residence, Eglinton. Head office, corner of Queen Street and Shortland Crescent, Auckland. The Dunedin office of this well-known insurance company is situated in a three storey brick and stone building erected to the company's order about the year 1877. The whole of the ground floor is used for the public offices of the branch, the manager's room being on the front of the next floor.
, Manager of the Otago and Southland branch of the South British Insurance Company, was born in 1849 at Triplow, Cambridgeshire, England, and was educated at the Rev. Thomas Booker's private boarding school at Barrington, in his native county. Arriving at Auckland in the ship “Tyburnia” in 1863, he gained colonial experience of both county and city life in the Auckland district. On the inception of the South British Company. Mr. Clark joined its staff as junior clerk at the head office, where he rose step by step to the positions of accountant, manager, and afterwards secretary of the company. In 1889 he was transferred to Dunedin, to take up the duties of his present office.
was established 1836. Its head offices are in London and Aberdeen. The head office for the colonies is at Melbourne, and is managed by a board of directors, with Mr. A. A. Tavener as secretary. New Zealand is represented by agents under power of attorney, and Mr. A. Fletcher Rattray is inspector. The Dunedin office is in Manse Street. The net income from all sources for the year 1902 was £1,447,400; from fire, £960,300; life, £267,100; and interest, £220,000; and the accumulated funds amounted to £6,227,900. Over ten millions have been paid by the company for claims under fire polices.
, Inspector for New Zealand; is a son of the late General Manager of the Head Office of the Northern Assurance Company at Melbourne. He was educated at the Scotch College, Melbourne, and on leaving college entered the office of Sir Matthew Davis, solicitor. Mr. Rattray entered the Northern Assurance Company's head office in Melbourne, and remained there until 1894, when he was appointed inspector for New Zealand.
was established in 1824. The head office is in York, England, and there are branches throughout Australia. Messrs Kirkealdy and Company, Provident Buildings, Triangle, Dunedin, are the New Zealand agents. For the year ending December, 1902, the net premium income in the fire department amounted to £190,502, as against £112,677 for the previous year. At the end of 1903 the fire insurance fund stood at £305,000, as against £240,000 at the beginning of the year. In the life department for the same period the gross new sums assured amounted to £374,937, of which £74,380 was reinsured with other companies, leaving the net new sums assured at £300,558, as against £215,533 in the previous year; and the total net premium of the department was increased to £89,685. In the accident department the premium income was £17,418, as against £9495 of the previous year. The total funds of the company exceed £1,500,000.
, 1 Threadneedle Street, London. This company, which is one of the oldest established English offices, dates its existence from the year 1824. It has a capital of £1,005,000, with a reserve fund of £329,000, and its assets amount to £929,188. Operations were extended to New Zealand in December, 1893, and the head office for the colony is situated at the corner of Crawford and Water Streets, Dunedin. The company insures wool from the sheep's back to London, and marine risks are accepted to all parts of the world at the lowest current rates. Mr. H. D. Stronach holds the position of chief agent and attorney for New Zealand.
, corner of Water and Crawford Streets, Dunedin. This company, which has its headquarters in London, was founded in 1871. The head office for New Zealand is in Custom House Quay, Wellington, and Mr. C. M. Montefiore is the General Manager for the colony. With an authorised capital of £1,000,000, the subscribed capital amounts to £621,540. On the 31st of December, 1902, the reserves of the company had reached the total of £1,080,500. The district manager for Dunedin is Mr. H. D. Stronach.
holds the positions of Chief Agent and Attorney
established 1840. Head office, Pitt Street, Sydney; head office for New Zealand, Wellington; Resident Secretary, E. W. Lowe; Dunedin office, Princes and Dowling Streets; District Secretary, Bernard Robert Stock. The Dunedin office, which was erected in 1887, is a fine four-storey building of Port Chalmers and Oamaru stone, and the ground floor is ornamented with handsome polished marble pillars. The offices of the society are on the ground floor, and the top part of the building is occupied by numerous private offices.
, District Secretary for Otago, is the second son of the late Ven. Archdeacon Stock, and was born in Wellington. He was educated at Christ's College, Christchurch, and entered the Wellington office of the Australian Mutual Provident Society in 1876. He was appointed district secretary for Christchurch in 1884, and took charge of the Dunedin branch in 1887.
. Head office, Collins Street, Melbourne; New Zealand Branch office, 6 Custom House Quay, Wellington. New Zealand Board of Directors: Mr J. G. W. Aitken, M.H.R. (chairman); Mr. A. H. Turnbull (Messrs W. and G. Turnbull and Co.); Dr. Walter Fell, M.D. (Oxford), M.R.C.S. (London), Bankers; Union Bank of Australia, Limited. District office for Otago and Southland: Bank of New Zealand Chambers, Dunedin. Mr E. F. Black, District Secretary. Resident Secretary, Mr V. H. Baxter. This society was established in Victoria in 1871 upon the mutual system, and in 1893 a branch was opened in New Zealand. The advantages of the mutual system are well illustrated in the affairs of the Australian Widows Fund which, commencing business without any shareholders' capital, has now an accumulated fund of over £1,640,000. The whole of the surplus is allotted among the members in proportion to their contributions to the surplus fund, in the form of additions to the amounts originally assured. Every desirable form of life assurance and annuity business is transacted. The directors some years ago introduced to the colonies a new system of life assurance, exempting from payment of premiums when the assured is either temporarily or permanently incapacitated either by accidental or bodily injury, or by illness or mental disorder. The great success which has attended this departure, and the many expressions of satisfaction which have reached them from the members who have had occasion to appreciate its special advantages, have induced the directors to issue a still more liberal policy. The new policy, to an extent not hitherto achieved, combines the advantages of life assurance with the real benefits of a provision against the risks of accident and illness. It confers all the usual advantages of an ordinary life assurance policy, and in addition doubles the sum assured under ordinary life assurance, If death occurs within ninety days as the result of an accident. It secures the payment of an amount equal to the ordinary sum assured in the event of permanent total disablement, if such takes place, and death does not take place, within ninety days of accident. It secures the payment of an amount equal to half the ordinary sum assured in the event of permanent partial disablement, if such takes place, and death does not take place, within ninety days of the accident. It secures the payment of an amount equal to half the ordinary sum assured in the event of irremediable total blindness or permanent general paralysis, the result of disease. It provides compensation when the head of the house is incapacitated by accidental bodily injury, or by any one of the numerous diseases specified on page 7 of the prospectus, from earning his living.
, District Secretary for Otago and Southland, is the second son of the late Mr. William Black, well known in Otago as owner of Black's run (Ophir), and grandson of the late James Rolland, Writer of the Signet, Edinburgh, and Member of the Legislative Council, New Zealand, who resided at Gask, Molyneux. Mr. Black was educated at the Church of England Grammar School, Melbourne, and came to New Zealand in 1882, when he joined the service of the Union Bank. In 1900 he resigned his position in that institution to take up his present appointment.
: Head Office, Sydney; New Zealand offices at Wellington, Auckland, Christchurch, and at Temple Chambers, Princes Street, Dunedin. Mr. John Packer, District Superintendent for Otago and Southland. This company was established in Australia on the 1st of January, 1887, with a capital of £200,000. Four years afterwards the funds amounted to £115,158. The year 1895 saw them past the quarter of a million, and in 1902 they had increased to over £1,000,000. The first annual premium income, £22,378, was, in 1902, represented by over £365,000. The soundness of the investments in shown by the valuations of the company's freeholds made in 1901, when they amounted to over £21,000 more than what they stood for in the accounts. Since its inception the company has paid to policy holders or their beneficiaries the sum of £700,000. Every description of life assurance business is transacted, and provision is made not only for life assurance, but for compensation in the event of disablement by accident or disease. There are 230,000 policies in force, which is in the proportion of one to something over twenty of the entire population of Australasia.
, Superintendent for Otago and Southland for the Citizen's Life Assurance Company, was born in London, and educated at the Green Coat school. He came to Australia in 1885, and for eight years was engaged in commercial pursuits at Newcastle. In 1892 he joined the Citizen's Life Assurance Company as agent; in 1899 was promoted to the position of Assistant Superintendent in Newcastle, New South Wales, and in 1902 left for New Zealand, to accept the appointment of Superintendent for Otago and Southland.
, Assistant Superintendent, was born at Dunedin. He joined the Citizen's Life Assurance as agent in 1898, and was promoted to his present position in 1902. Mr. Wilson is a prominent Forester, and is colour-sergeant of the Wakari Rifles.
, corner of Princes Street and High Street, Dunedin. Head office: Collins Street, Melbourne. Head office for New Zealand, Wellington. Branches throughout New Zealand, South Africa, and Great Britain. Established in 1873. The total funds at the end of 1902 amounted to £2,706,320; the income for the year was £787,720, and the increased business was £48,000 in advance of that of the previous year.
, the Manager for the South Island, severed his connection with the Bank of New Zealand at Dunedin to accept a position in the Australian Mutual Provident Society, and received his present appointment in 1902.
Principal office, Sydney (J. C. Remington, General Manager). Head office for New Zealand, Wellington. Otago branch, corner of Princes Street and Dowling Street. Secretary, Mr. F. E. Brittain; local director, Mr. Robert Glendining. The Mutual Life Association was established in 1869, and the total assurances in force at the end of 1902 amounted to £5,816,259, and the total annual income to £274,902 1s 1d. There are over a million and a half of insurances in New Zealand.
, District Secretary at Dunedin for the Mutual Life Association, is a son of the late Captain J. F. Brittain, R.M., and grandson of the late Dr. C. Carfield, Inspector General of Hospitals. He came to New Zealand in 1883 and occupied a position as clerk in the office of the Australian Mutual Provident at Wellington, before receiving his present appointment in 1896. Mr. Brittain, who has always taken a great interest in athletics, was honorary editor of the New Zealand Cricket Annual, and secretary and treasurer of the Dunedin Savage Club.
. Head office for Australia, Melbourne; head office for New Zealand, Customhouse Quay, Wellington; Dunedin office, corner of Liverpool and Bond Streets; telephone, 85; bankers, Bank of New Zealand. New Zealand directors: Mr A. E. Pearce, chairman, Messrs William Fraser, M.H.R., and Nicholas Reid. Resident Secretary, Mr. Orton Stevens. From 1869 till 1903 the claims paid by this Association amounted to £3,039,889; the total amount assured under current policies was £13,273,819; the income for the year ending 1903 was £630,071; and the accumulated funds at the same date amounted to £3,674,435.
, Manager of the Otago and Southland branch of the National Mutual Life Association of Australasia, was born in Coventry, Warwickshire, England, and educated at the grammar school in his native place. He came to New Zealand in 1881, and joined the Government service in the Property Tax Department under the late Mr. Sperry. In 1884 he accepted a position in the Wellington office of the National Mutual Life Association, and remained there until receiving his present appointment in 1898. Mr. Coltman is a member of the executive of the New Zealand Bowling Association.
, Inspector of Agents for the National Mutual Life Association for Otago and Southland, belongs to one of the oldest Devonshire
families, being the eldest surviving son of Mr. James Francis Osmond, of St. Davids, Exeter, where he was born in 1859. Educated at the Mansion House School, London, and brought up as an engineer in Bristol, Mr. Osmond came to Auckland in 1877 in the ship “Jessie Readman.” Shortly after his arrival he bought the Victoria Flour Mill (the old wind mill), which he converted into a steam flour mill and worked for some years. Subsequently he entered business as a native land buyer, and succeeded in putting through several of the largest blocks in Auckland. For some time afterwards Mr. Osmond was in business as a land agent in Queen Street, but in 1889 he joined the staff of the Colonial Mutual Life Assurance Society. He was appointed district agent in Taranaki in 1892, and in the following year was transferred to Dunedin, as manager for Otago and Southland. After managing the business for the Colonial Mutual Life for over seven years, he left and joined the National Mutual Life. Mr. Osmond has long taken an interest in outdoor amusements; he has represented Auckland in interprovincial cricket matches, and at one time played in a tennis match between Taranaki and Wellington; and has also found needful recreation in bowling and angling. As a
. Chief office for Otago and Southland, corner of Princes and Rattray Streets, Dunedin. The splendid building occupied by the Department in Dunedin, which was completed in 1897, stands on a commanding site in the very centre of the city. Its construction cost over £15,000, and it is the first building in which New Zealand granite from Ruapuke Island forms an important part. The basement is of New Zealand granite and Waikawa stone, while the first and second floors are of Oamaru stone, and the whole thus presents a very handsome appearance. The staff consists of the manager, Mr. Robert S. McGowan, Mr. O. H. Pinel and Mr. A. Marryatt, clerks, and Mr. T. Lawrenson, cadet.
, District Manager of the New Zealand Government Life Insurance Department at Dunedin, is a brother of Mr. John McGowan, Commissioner of Taxes, who is referred to on page 132 of the Wellington volume of this Cyclopedia. He is the youngest son of the late Rev. William Stewart McGowan, and was born in 1862 at Sandwick, Orkney, Scotland. Mr. McGowan joined the Government Insurance Department in 1878, at Wellington, as a cadet, and in 1886 was appointed Chief Clerk in the Head Office. In 1889 he was transferred to Dunedin as relieving officer, and in the following year received his present appointment.
, formerly Chief Clerk in the Dunedin branch of the New Zealand Government Life Insurance Department, is a native of Cornwall, where he was born on the 20th of July, 1860. He was educated at Hart House School, Tregony, with a view to entering the English civil service, and was junior master of St. Austell grammar school for eighteen months before sailing for New Zealand in 1879 in the ship “Chili.” After landing at Lyttelton, Mr. Crichton proceeded at once to Wellington, where he soon afterwards joined the Government Insurance Department as extra clerk, rising to the position of chief clerk under Mr. George Robertson in 1893. He was transferred to Dunedin in 1897, as chief clerk. Mr. Crichton has long taken an interest in photography, and, during his residence in Wellington, was a member of the committee of the Camera Club. He was also joint secretary for the exhibition of 1895, at which he was the winner in the competition for tasteful work. In the American Order of Odd fellows, he has been a prominent member of the Southern Cross, Zealandia, and Victoria Rebecca No. 2, lodges. For six years he was grand lodge representative, and also held office as Deputy Grand Master. On leaving Wellington Mr. Crichton was presented with a large marbie clock, bearing a silver plate suitably inscribed, as a mark of appreciation for his long and faithful services in connection with the order. He is also a Freemason, and was senior deacon in the New Zealand Pacific, No. 2 Lodge, N.Z.C. Mr. Crichton was married in 1883 to Miss Toms, niece of Mrs W. R. Williams, of Wellington, and has two daughters. He is now (January, 1904) Resident Agent at Greymouth for the Government Life Insurance Department.
was established in 1904, for the purpose of transacting life assurance in all its branches. The head office is in the Provident Buildings, Triangle, Dunedin, and the company has agencies throughout the colony, and in Sydney and Brisbane. There is a capital of £100,000, of which £21,000 is subscribed. Mr. W. M. Kirkcaldy, F.S.S., is General Manager, and under his skill and guidance the company is making substantial progress. The new company has purchased the Provident and Industrial Insurance Company of New Zealand, which was established in 1889.
, F.S.S., General Manager of the Provident Life Assurance Company, was educated at the Otago Boys' High School, and after leaving school in 1882 had seven years' training in insurance business and obtained a thorough knowledge of fire and life insurance work. In 1889, on the establishment of the Provident and Industrial Insurance, of which his father was General Manager, he joined the staff as Superintendent and Inspector of Agencies, and on the death of his father in December, 1898, he was appointed General Manager by the directors. Mr. Kirkcaldy is senior partner in the firm of Messrs Kirkcaldy and Co., who are general managers of the Live Stock General Insurance Co., and attorneys in New Zealand for the Yorkshire Fire and Life Insurance Company.
of New Zealand was established in 1893, with a capital of £50,000. The business of the company, which is confined to New Zealand, is to insure owners against loss of live stock by disease or accident, or from foaling or calving. The company also issues policies, insuring live stock shipped between coastal and intercolonial ports. The head office for New Zealand is in the Provident Buildings, Triangle, Dunedin. Messrs Kirkcaldy and Co., are general managers.
, Of the firm of Messrs Kirkcaldy and Co., is a grandson of the late Captain Cargill, first Superintendent of Otago, and a son of Mr. F. A. Cargill for some years manager of the Oriental Bank at Melbourne, and now a resident of Dunedin. Mr. Donald Cargill was born in Melbourne in 1856, and educated at Christ College, Finchley, near London. He came to New Zealand in 1878, received his early training in a bank, and since 1889 has been associated with insurance work. Mr. Cargill married, in 1899, Isabella, daughter of the late Mr. George Ford, of Pine Hill.
. Otago branch, Bank of Australasia Building, Bond Street, Dunedin, Telephone, 1101. P.O. Box, 406. Head office, Auckland. This well-known New Zealand company does a good business in Dunedin and
, Inspector of the New Zealand Accident Insurance Company, Victoria Arcade, Auckland, was born in Glasgow, and was educated at the Western Academy in that city. On leaving school he gained some experience in a lawyer's office, and afterwards entered commercial life. Mr. Bews came to the Colony in 1887 in the s.s. “Arawa,” and was well known in commercial circles in Auckland till 1889, when he joined the staff of the New Zealand Accident Company at the head office. After eighteen months he was appointed district agent in Otago, being subsequently promoted to the position of manager, and afterwards to his present office of chief inspector.
, Secretary of the Equitable Life Assurance Society of the United States of America, at Wellington, was born at Otahuhn, New Zealand, in 1869, and was educated at public schools and at the Parnell Church of England Grammar School. In 1884, he joined the Mutual Assurance Society of Victoria as a junior, and remained in that company's service till the business was merged in the National Mutual Life office in April, 1897, having occupied the position of district agent at Auckland for the last eight years of his term of office. After a few months with the Australian Mutual Provident Society, Mr. Gould was appointed manager in New Zealand for the Scottish Metropolitan Life Assurance Company of Edinburgh. While in Auckland he was a member of the Gordon Cricket Club, and an enthusiastic cricketer, and was for one year secretary of the Auckland Cricket Association.
, F.L.S., now in business as an Analyst and Scientific Specialist in Dunedin, was for many years Master at the Boys and Girls' High Schools. He was born in Calcutta in 1848; educated at Edinburgh High School and University, and was for three years afterwards in a merchant's office in London. Owing to the failure of the Agra Bank, Mr. Thomson's family came to New Zealand, and arrived in 1868, in Southland, where he was engaged in farming at Mabel Bush for three years. In 1871, he came to Dunedin, and in the following year joined the staff of the High Schools. Mr. Thomson has long been a student of botany and zoology, and has published several works, among others “Fern and Fern Allies of New Zealand,” issued by Wise, Caffin and Co., of Dunedin, and Robertson and Co., of Melbourne, and “An Introductory Text-book of Botany,” issued by the Government printing offices. Numerous papers from his pen on botany and botanical subjects, on “Crustacea,” on geographical distribution and on acclimatisation, have been published in the “Transactions and Proceedings” of the New Zealand Institute, of the Linnean Society of London, the Royal Society of Edinburgh, the Tasmanian Royal Society, and the Australian Association. Mr. Thomson was one of the founders of the Technical School in 1889, and was honorary secretary and superintendent for eleven years. He is still a member of the Board of Management. He was for many years secretary, and afterwards president, of the Otago Institute, and has been an active member of the Otago Acclimatisation Society for many years. In this latter connection, he has been the chief mover in attempts to introduce marine fishes in New Zealand seas, and is now chairman of the Marine Fish Hatchery Board. He was chief promoter and is now president, of the Dunedin city mission; honorary secretary for New Zealand of the Australasian Association for the Advancement of Science; president of the Dunedin Young Men's Christian Association; and was one of the founders, and formerly president, of the Dunedin Choral Society. Mr. Thomson was married in 1876 to Emma, eldest daughter of the late Mr. James Allen of Hopehill, East Taieri; his wife died in 1894, leaving four sons and one daughter.
The growth of trade in New Zealand within recent years has been very great, and the value of the output in almost every branch of industry has been steadily advancing. The Government returns assess the exports for 1902, for the whole colony, at £13,644,977; an increase of £760,000 on the value of the exports of 1901, and £400,000 over the previous record year of 1900. The total declared values of imports in 1902 amounted to £11,326,723, which included £368,685 of specie. So far as Otago is concerned, the value of the exports was practically the same as in 1901; but frozen meat shipped from Port Chalmers and Oamaru by the local company showed a total output of 242,588 carcases of mutton and lamb, as against 135,951 in the previous year. The condition of the London market has been enabling buyers in New Zealand to give for fat sheep and lambs prices that have probably not been excelled since the beginning of the frozen meat industry. Wool, so far as Otago is concerned, shows an increase in the number of bales exported in 1902; namely, 38,500, as against 31,500 in 1901. Otago's share of gold exported during 1902 is represented by 181,116 ounces, valued at £728,124. The oats exported for the same year were valued at £66,664, and wheat at £31,074; but these figures are far below those of average years.
A further marked advance is exhibited in the returns of Customs revenue for the year which ended on the 31st of March, 1903. During that period the total value of imports, for all ports of entry in New Zealand, amounted to £11,576,137, while the exports totalled £15,174,739. The amount of duty paid was £2,331,024, of which £405,934 was collected at Dunedin, £72,293 at Invercargill and Bluff, and £14,934 at Oamaru.
A mere enumeration of the chief industries of Otago is interesting and suggestive in a high degree. The province has thirteen meat freezing and preserving works, twelve ham and bacon-curing establishments, thirteen fish-curing and preserving works, forty-two butter and cheese factories, seven rabbit packing factories, twenty-seven grain mills, seven biscuit factories, two fruit preserving and jam-making works, four sugarboiling and confectionery works, fifteen breweries, eight malthouses, seventeen aerated water factories, five coffee and spice works, four soap and candle works, five boilingdown works, four cooperages, seventy sawmills, sash, and door factories, six woodware and turnery factories, eleven grass-seed dressing establishments, two paper mills, five gasworks, five lime and cement works, twenty-five brick, tile, and pottery works, fourteen iron and brass foundries, eight engineering works, forty-nine printing offices, twelve agricultural implement factories, twenty coachbuilding and painting works, twenty-one cycle factories, twenty saddlery and harness factories, thirty-three tanning, fellmongering, and woolscouring establishments, nine ship and boatbuilding yards, thirty-two furniture and cabinetmaking factories, five chemical works, five woollen mills, thirty-five boot and shoe factories, four rope and twine works, and sixteen flax mills.
The last statistical account of Australia and New Zealand, prepared by Mr. Coghlan, Government Statistician for New South Wales, covers the period of 1902–3. It shows that the value of land in private hands in New Zealand is £61,466,000, representing 35.11 per cent. of the total wealth of the colony. The value of property is £175,076,000, being an average of £229 per head of the population. By comparing the number of persons who leave property at death, with the number of persons dying, some idea is obtained from Mr. Coghlan's invaluable pages of the proportion of the whole population possessing estates sufficiently valuable to become the subjects of specific bequests. The proportion of estates per 100 deaths of the total population for the year 1901–2, was 19.09 per cent. Other figures, slightly larger and smaller, are given for the States of the Commonwealth;
. This Chamber as re-constituted, dates back to 1837, when Mr. G. L. Denniston occupied the presidential chair. Since then the following gentlemen have been, successively, presidents: Messrs John Roberts, J. M. Ritchie, A. S. Paterson, Keith Ramsay, A. C. Begg, Walter Gow, G. L. Denniston, John Moloney, D. E. Theomin, C. W. Rattray, and the Hon. T. Fergus, who at present (1904) holds office. The other officers are: Messrs R. M. Clark (vice-president), C. P. M. Butterworth, J. M. Gallaway, Walter Gow, John Moloney, C. W. Rattray, H. Salmon, and P. R. Sargood, committee; Mr. John Davie, honorary auditor; and Mr. Peter Barr, secretary. The Chamber's office is in the Stock Exchange Buildings, where the meeting-room, a comfortable, well-finished apartment, is well sppplied with leading daily newspapers and trade journals. For the year ending June, 1903, the revenue was more than sufficient to meet all expenditure, and left is hand a balance of £201 19s 4d. During the same year the membership reached the record number of 101, and showed that the chamber is fairly representative of the trade and commerce of Dunedin. The annual report, a pamphlet of fifty pages, contains a large amount of valuable information regarding subjects which have a bearing upon the trade and industrial progress of Otago and the rest of New Zealand.
was founded in 1873. A meeting was held on the 16th of May of that year in the Glasgow Arms Hotel, Mr. James Gore in the chair, when it was determined to found an association in the interests of the building trade generally, and a committee was formed to draft the constitution and rules. At a meeting held a few weeks later, in the Athenaum, there were thirteen builders and contractors present, and the rules and regulations were read and approved of. It was agreed that the principal object of the association should be to protect the interests of the trade generally, and to maintain its rights and privileges. It was decided that the entrance fee should be £1, and that meetings should be held every month. The first officers were: President, Mr. James Gore; Treasurer, Mr. Robert Howlison; and Secretary, Mr. J. B. Thomson. The association was re-organised at the beginning of 1890, and since then the membership has increased, and it has met with success generally. The registered office of the association is at 12 Moray Place, where meetings are held on the third Wednesday of the month. At present (1904) there are fifty-three members, and the officers are: President, Mr. C. E. George; Vice-President, Mr. Robert Orr; Secretary, Mr. R. C. Torrance, and Treasurer, Mr C. Foster.
, Secretary of the Dunedin Builders and Contractors' Association, was born in Glasgow, where he learned his trade and afterwards helped to erect many large buildings. He came to Dunedin in 1878 by the ship “Auckland,” and was for some time in the employment of Mr. James Gore, then a leading builder in the city. For twelve years Mr. Torrance was in partnership with Mr. Simpson, under the style of Torrance and Simpson, and during that period the firm erected many large buildings. In 1901 the partnership was dissolved, and since then Mr. Torrance has carried on business on his own account. Besides the handsome building for the Young Women's Christian Association in Moray Place, he has erected several large warehouses in the city. Mr. Torrance is one of the oldest members of the Dunedin Liedertafel. He is a Freemason of old standing and is attached to Lodge Celtic, 477, Scottish Constitution. He is also a member of the Caledonian Bowling Club. Mr. Torrance is married, and has a family of eight children. His eldest son is a partner in the firm of Torrance and Clough, plumbers, Filleul Street, Dunedin.
was organised in 1867 on lines similar to those adopted by the Association of Licensed Victuallers in London. It owes its origin mainly to Mr. John Golder, at that time a detective in the Government service, who sought, by bringing about a union of hotelkeepers, to enable licensees to protect themselves more effectively against breaches of the Licensing Act, and other irregularities which were threatening to bring the trade into disrepute. Since its establishment, the Association has had a membership representing the large majority of licenses within its jurisdiction, and it is claimed to have effected a considerable amount of valuable service. Since the advent of the No-License party, the Licensed Victuallers' Association has extended its field of operations, and now, in addition to protecting the trade from local offences, it seeks, when it considers it just in the interests of the community, to influence the course of politics. An annual meeting is held for the election of officers, and business meetings are held frequently throughout the year. The officers for the year 1903–4 are: President, Mr. C. B. M. Branson; Treasurer. Mr. John Watson; and Secretary, Mr. John Wells. There are also two vice-presidents, and a committee of nine members.
, President of the Otago Licensed Victuallers' Association for the year 1903–4, is the founder and present proprietor of the popular hotel which bears his name. He is a son of an East Indian merchant, and was born at Madras in 1848, and educated at Shrewsbury School and Cheltenham College in England. He passed by direct commission into the Army in 1869, and was gazetted as a cornet in the 1st King's Dragoon Guards, where he subsequently became lieutenant. After devoting about five years to military pursuits, which he intended to make his permanent calling, Mr. Branson met with an accident which necessitated his transfer to the 1st Battalion 7th Royal Fusiliers, and his ultimate retirement from the army, in 1874. In 1875 he sailed for New Zealand, and landed at Lyttelton in November of the same year. He spent the two succeeding years at teaching in Canterbury, and became headmaster of the Ashburton public school. In 1879 he resigned, and some years after took up a position in the Grand Hotel. Dunedin, where he remained eleven years. In 1896 Mr. Branson established his present hotel, which is noticed in another section of this volume. He is a man of many interests, and devotes much time to the study of political, educational, military and athletic matters. Mr. Branson is married, and has two sons and one daughter.
, Secretary of the Otago Licensed Victuallers' Association, was first elected to that office in 1882, and has filled the position for fifteen of the intervening years. Mr. Wells was born in Kent, England, in January, 1839, and educated at private schools in England and France. He was
(Arthur Alexander Adams and Alexander Dickson), Accountants, Valuers, General House, Estate and Commission Agents, 79 Princes Street, Dunedin. Private residences: Mr. Adams, George Street North; Mr. Dickson, 10 Clyde Avenue. Mr. Adams. who was born in 1853 at Halfway Bush, was educated in Dunedin, and brought up to mercantile life. He first commenced business as an accountant in 1874, removing two years later to Waimate, where he acquired some bush and flat land. Subsequently he was burned out and returned to Dunedin, where he became bookkeeper to Messrs. Adams Bros., solicitors; a position he still holds. Mr. Adams was a councillor of the West Harbour Borough, and member (also “chairman) of the school committee for several years, and occupied the chair of the City United Schools Committees' Conference during the first year of its existence. He was married in 1876 to a daughter of Mr. D. McLaren, and has three sons and two daughters. The firm of Messrs Adams and Dickson undertakes the purchase and sale of properties, negotiation of loans and insurances, the collection of rents, interest, and debts, and the liquidation of estates. Mr. Adams is secretary to the
“Mutual Help” Terminating Building Society and the Otago Traders' Protection Society.
, Mining Agent, Government Life Insurance Buildings, Princes Street, Dunedin. Born in Ayrshire, Scotland, in 1839, and educated at Dalry in the same county. Mr. Andrew was brought up as an engineer and millwright in the Old Land, and landed in Auckland in the ship “Egmont” (Captain Gibson), during the year 1859. Soon after, he was attracted to Otago by the gold-rush to Gabriel's Gully, and in 1865 he was one of the three persons who opened out Bruce Bay on the west coast of the South Island—for mining. Meeting with success Mr. Andrew has since speculated in mining lines. At one time he was half owner with Messrs. Guthrie and Larnach of one of the largest saw mills–which was at Catlin's River—in the South Island. Subsequently he became an inventor and secured patent rights, with which he went to India, and was successful. After having returned to New Zealand, Mr. Andrew then went to England, where he was for some time engaged in developing his patents. In 1896, he was required by his principals to come to New Zealand and look out for mining investments. In the early days he took part in local politics in connection with road boards and school committees, but declined to offer himself for more important positions. He married in April, 1869, a daughter of Mr. Robert Moore, timber merchant, of London, and has two daughters and one son.
, Commission Agent, 40 Dowling Street. Private residence, Queen's Drive, St. Kilda. Mr. Baldwin was born in Chiselhurst, Kent, England, in 1854, and was educated in his native country. He came to Auckland by the ship “White Eagle” in 1875 and for a time was a cadet on a run in Hawke's Bay. Mr.
Baldwin joined the National Bank in June. 1876, and, during a period of nineteen years' service, rose to the position of manager, which he filled at Milton, Port Chalmers.
(Peter Barr, F.I.A.N.Z., and Edward Cooper Leary, A.I.A.N.Z.), Public Accountants, Stock Ex-change Buildings, Dunedin. Telephone, 193. P.O. Box, 254. Bankers, National Bank of New Zealand. Private residences: Mr. Barr, Ann Street, Montpellier; Mr. Leary, London Street, Dunedin. This business was established about thirty years ago by the late Mr. R. H. Leary, father of the junior partner, and was conducted by that gentleman solely until 1888, when Mr. Barr was admitted as a partner, under the style of R. H. Leary and Co. Messrs Barr, Leary and Co. have a large connection as public accountants and auditors. They, or members of the firm, are auditors for the Blue Spur Gold Mining Company (head office, London), the New Zealand Agricultural Company (head office, London), the Round Hill Gold Mining Company (head office, Liverpool), the Otago Daily Times and Witness Newspaper Co., Ltd., the Kaikorai Tram Co., the Milburn Lime and Cement Co., the Mosgiel Woollen Co., Donaghy's Rope and Twine Co., Marshall's Chemical Co., Ltd., Otago Agricultural and Pastoral Society, Waipori Electric Light and Power Co., New Zealand Portland Cement Co., Briscoe and Co., Ltd., Wm. Gregg and Co., Ltd., Charles Begg and Co., Ltd., J. Macfie and Co., Ltd.; and for other bodies and important private firms. Mr. Barr is secretary to the Dunedin Chamber of Commerce and the Dunedin City Sinking Fund Commissioners. He is also vice-president of the Incorporated Institute of Accountants of New Zealand, with which he has been connected since its formation; and Mr Leary is an associate of this body. The partners are both natives of Dunedin, and were educated at the Otago Boys' High School. Mr. Barr is the only son of the late Mr. Archibald Barr, first chief postmaster of Otago, and was in the office of the late Mr. R. H. Leary, from the time of his leaving school till that gentleman's death. Mr. Leary, who is the second son of the founder of the firm, entered his father's office, where he received his training as a professional accountant. Mr. S. C. Leary, who was a member of the firm for eight years, now represents it in Wellington, where he carries on business as an accountant and sharebroker, under the same title of Barr, Leary and Co.
, J. P., Accountant, Stock and Station Agent, Land and Sheepowner, Provincial and Industrial Insurance Buildings, Cumberland Street South, Dunedin. Telephone, 250. P.O. Box, 179. Bankers. Union Bank of Australia, Private residence, Roslyn. Mr. Begg is further referred to as a member of the Otago Harbour Board.
, Importers and General Agents, Bond Street, Dunedin. Telephone, 238. Bankers, National Bank of New Zealand. Private residence, Leith Street. This business, which was established by the present proprietor, in 1890, extends through New Zealand, and periodical trips are made by representatives of the firm. Messrs Brown and Co. execute indents and receive consignments for realization, and are also importers of special lines. Mr. Brown, who is a Fellow of the Institute of Accountants of New Zealand, acts as secretary for the Commercial Travellers' and Warehousemen's Association; and for twenty-four years has held the position of secretary to the Hand and Heart Lodge M.U.I.O O.F. He is auditor to the Commercial Property and Finance Co., Ltd., the Union Steamship Co.'s Benefit Society, Speight and Co., Limited, New Zealand Coal and Oil Co., Limited (Kaitangata Coal Co.), W. Strachan and Co., Limited, the Dunedin Starr-Bowkett Society, and several others. He is also a director of the New Zealand Express Co., Ltd. Born in 1858 in Dunedin, where he was educated at district and private schools, Mr. Brown was apprenticed to Messrs Lange and Thoneman. Subsequently he was for nine years with Messrs Neill Bros. After a trip to England in 1888, he returned to the Colony in the following year, when he entered into his present business.
(Thomas Burton and James Gibson Patterson), Land, Estate, and Financial Agents, Accountants, Valuators, and Licensed Land Brokers, 41 Dowling Street, Dunedin. Telephone 233. Bankers, Union Bank of Australia. Private residences, Mr. Burton, Alva Street; Mr. Patterson, Patrick Street, Eglinton. Originally established by Mr. Charles Reid in 1862, this business was taken over in 1885 by Mr. Burton, who was joined by Mr. Patterson in 1895. The senior partner is an auditor under the “Friendly Societies Act,” and the junior a licensed land broker under the “Land Transfer Act.” Messrs. Burton and Patterson have correspondents throughout New Zealand, and transact business for clients resident in various parts of the world. The firm undertakes the collection of rents and interest, the management of trusts and estates, the sale,
purchase, and letting of properties, all work under the “Land Transfer Act” (including the preparation of transfers, mortgages, leases, and applications to bring land under the Act), accountancy and auditing work in all its branches, the valuation of town, suburban, and country properties, the investment of trust and other funds, and
general insurance and commission agency work. Registers of properties for sale and lease are carefully kept, and these are open for the inspection of clients, during office
, Accountant and Mining Agent, 1 Moray Place, Dunedin. Telephone, 1431. Post Office Box, 357. Mr. Brugh is the second son of the late Mr. James Brugh, sometime of Port Molyneux. He represents the following dredging claims: the New Bendigo and New River, Molyneux (Alexandra), the Olrig (Manuherikia), the Garden Gully (Waikaka), and the El Dorado (West Coast).
, Financial Agent, Bill Broker, Accountant and Valuer, 95 Princes Street, Dunedin. Telephone, 709. P.O. Box, 332. Bankers, Bank of Australasia. Private residence, “Te Tarata,” Royal Terrace. Mr. Esther was born in Morpeth, in the north of England, in 1844, and was educated at the High School of Linlithgow, Scotland, his father being an excise officer in that town. He was brought up to the grocery business in Haddington, where he remained for four years, and came out to Melbourne in 1859. Some years later he arrived in Otago, settling in Dunedin, where he was employed as a grocer till 1868. In that year he went to Fiji, but returned after eight months' absence, and took a situation at his trade in George Street. Twelve months later he bought out his employers, and from 1870 to 1882 was the senior partner of the well-known firm of Esther and Son, doing a very large trade. Mr. Esther was a representative of Leith Ward in the Dunedin City Council for three years, and took an interest in the Athenæum in the early days. In mining matters, he has a large connection, and is a director of several companies. He is a member of the Freemasons, having been initiated under the Scotch Constitution. In 1873 Mr. Esther was married to a daughter of Mr. F. Thompson, of Dudley, and has, surviving, five daughters and two sons.
, Auctioneers, Valuators, and Land and Estate Agents. Rattray Street, Dunedin. Telephone, 822. This business, which was established in 1901, is conducted in the large premises formerly known as the Shamrock Hotel. The whole ground floor space is occupied by the main auction rooms, with commercial offices, both private and public, leading from it. The first floor, which is approached by a broad staircase, is devoted to show rooms, where the firm displays a varied assortment of new and second-hand furniture, besides a large stock of other household requisites. Weekly sales of land and general merchandise are held in the Rattray Street premises, and the firm also conducts large stock and land sales in the country.
was born in the Orkney Islands, and came to New Zealand in 1875. In 1878 he started farming on Mr Teschemaker's Kauroo estate with five hundred acres of leased land, and five years afterwards sold out to start business as a general storekeeper at Maheno. There he bought a block of land and erected a general store, a bakery, and ham and bacon-curing premises, and for twelve years he carried on a most successful business. Mr. Fea then disposed of his interests, and bought the Kintail estate, consisting of fifteen hundred acres. Six years subsequently he started his present business in Dunedin, and left “Kintail” under the care of a manager. During his residence at Maheno Mr. Fea was chairman of the local school committee, of which he was a member for many years, and a director of the Caledonian Society for nine years, and on leaving the district received a handsome presentation. He is a member of the Masonic Lodge Celtic, Dunedin, and was second Noble
, Sharebroker and General Commission Agent, Australian Mutual Provident Society's Building (first floor), Princes Street, Dunedin. Bankers. Union Bank of Australia. Private residence. “Colinswood,” Macandrew's Bay, North East Harbour. Agents: London. Messrs. Cornforth and Reacher. 4 Queen Victoria Street, E.C.; Melbourne, Mr. Stanhope O'Connor, 90 Queen Street; Sydney, Messrs. G. B. North and Sons, Post Office Buildings, Pitt Street; Adelaide, Mr. Frank A. Russell, Alma Chambers, McHendry Street; Hobart, Messrs. Bayley and Walch. Mr. Fox, who is a member of the Dunedin Stock Exchange, has agents on the various goldfields of New Zealand, as well as in the chief centres of population. He deals in all descriptions of investments and mining stocks and shares. He was born in Dublin, in 1870, and educated in England, and was brought up with a view to service in the Army; but, going to sea, served an apprenticeship with the Shaw, Savill and Albion Company, and afterwards became third officer under the Peninsular and Oriental Company. After about ten years at sea, he came out to Wellington, New Zealand, by the S.S. “Gothic,” and established his business in Dunedin early in 1895. Mr. Fox is married, and has one daughter.
, Estate and Commission Agent, Great King Street, Dunedin. Mr. Graham was born in Greenock, Scotland, in 1843, and arrived at Port Chalmers in 1860 by the ship “Pladda,” along with his parents. For some years he worked at his trade as a painter and house decorator, and with his brother established a business in Princes Street, under the style of F. and J. Graham, from which he had to retire in 1872 owing to ill-health. Mr. Graham has resided all the time in Dunedin and has long been well known as a prominent temperance advocate. As a lifelong total abstainer, he has promulgated his principles from the public platform and by private precept, and has been most energetic in connection with temperance organisations. He was the first worthy patriarch of the first subordinate division of the “Sons of Temperance,” and on the formation of the grand lodge, became the first grand worthy patriarch, and held the office for two terms. He is also a member of the Good Templars. In the prohibition campaign he was elected the first president of the Dunedin Prohibition League and still continues on the executive, being also a member of the executive of the Otago Prohibition council. In connection with Bands of Hope, he speaks and lectures with lantern illustrations as opportunity serves, seeking to educate old and young. Mr. Graham belongs to the Baptist Church, of which he is an active worker.
, J.P., Public Accountant, Auditor, and Arbitrator, Temple Chambers, 99 Princes Street, Dunedin; Telephone, 1473; Bankers, Bank of Australasia. Mr. Graham, who has been well known in the Colony for many years, was born in Ireland, and educated at a collegiate school in the South of Ireland. He commenced his business experience as a clerk in the Provincial Bank. After several years' service in the city of Cork, he was appointed to the Union Bank of Australia and came out to Melbourne in 1862. After some banking experience in Victoria, he was sent to Dunedin as an expert during the gold “rush,” and remained with the Bank for a few years, when he joined the firm of Bing, Harris and Co., first as manager of the business, and subsequently as partner, and as such successfully conducted the business for many years. In 1879, Mr. Graham severed his connection with the firm and joined Mr. R. A. Low in the old established firm of Heymanson, Low and Co., wholesale boot and shoe importers, and on the closing up of that firm, about 1892, he started his present business. Mr. Graham undertakes auditing and public accountancy work, as well as arbitration and general commission agency business. He is auditor for the Dunedin city council, Caversham gasworks, and for a great many important private firms. He was chairman of the Chamber of Commerce. For some years he interested himself in cricket, and is now president of the Dunedin cricket club. Mr. Graham was vice-president of the Dunedin athenæum and mechanics' institution, a trustee of the Benevolent Institution for some time, and now holds office as secretary of the United Districts charitable aid board, and of the hospital board. On the initiation of the Union Insurance (now Alliance) Company, Mr. Graham was managing director in Dunedin. He has interested himself in the volunteer movement, and was captain of the Dunedin Irish Rifles for some time. As a member of the Masonic Order E.C., he is district grand master of Otago and Southland; he has held that position since 1881, and is a member of several private lodges; also district grand master for the South Island of the Mark degree E.C., member of the veterans' association San Francisco, and a 330 under the Supreme Council of Scotland. He was married in 1874 to a daughter of Mr. C. H. Kettle, who surveyed and laid out Dunedin in 1846; this lady died in 1876, leaving one daughter. Mr. Graham, in 1888, married a daughter of Mr. Low and has, issue of this marriage, two sons and one daughter.
, Ship Owner and Broker. Coal Merchant. Customs and Shipping Agent, Vogel Street, Dunedin. Telephone, 64. Bankers, Bank of New Zealand. Cable address, “Guthrie.” Dunedin. Code, A.B.C. Yards. Rattray Street. Private residence, Elder Street. Mr. Guthrie, who established this business in 1864, was born at Largo, Fifeshire, in 1837. After three years at sea he served his time as a shipwright at Innes' Yards, Leith, and, taking a position as shipwright, rose to the position of second mate, eventually becoming master. Mr. Guthrie settled in New Zealand in 1864, when he commenced the lightering and shipping business, and afterwards became a ship owner; at one time he had as many as thirty vessels, of which he was part owner and agent, engaged in trade between New Zealand and Australian ports, also trading to London. Such well-known vessels as the
, Share-broker and Accountant, Albert Buildings, Princes Street, Dunedin. Telephone, 409. P.O. Box, 335. Bankers, National Bank of New Zealand. Private residence, Wood's Hotel. Mr. Harvey was born at Hokitika in 1872. He is the youngest son of the late District Judge Harvey, and was educated at the Dunedin High School and the Wanganui Collegiate School. Entering the National Bank in May. 1888, as clerk, Mr. Harvey rose to the position of accountant at the North Dunedin branch, and for six months before resigning—to commence business on his own account—was teller at the Dunedin branch of the bank. Mr. Harvey, who is a member of the Dunedin Stock Exchange, established his present business in 1897. Agents and correspondents have been appointed by him throughout the Colony, and in the leading cities of Australia. Mr. Harvey is a member of the Dunedin Amateur Athletic Association, and a keen sportsman.
, Legal Manager of Mining Companies, and General Commission Agent, 17 High Street, Dunedin. Mr. Holsted is referred to on page 1035 of the Wellington volume of this Cyclopedia. He was born in Denmark, and studied dairying under the Royal Agricultural Society of his native land. While in the North Island of New Zealand he was engaged in farming, and also in managing, successively, various dairy factories. Mr Holsted was for some time Vice-Consul for Denmark, and Acting Consul for Sweden and Norway, in Dunedin.
(John Logan and Wilfrid Vivian), Sharebrokers and Financial Agents, Australian Mutual Provident Society's Building (first floor), Princes Street, Dunedin. Telephone, 786. P.O. Box, 242. Bankers, National Bank of New Zealand. Private residences: Mr. Logan, St. Leonards, West Harbour; Mr. Vivian, 47 Stuart Street. Mr. Logan and Mr. Vivian are members of the Dunedin Stock Exchange.
(Neil McLeod Gunn), Sharebrokers, Accountants and Commission Agents, Temple Chambers, 99 Princes Street, Dunedin; Bankers, National Bank of New Zealand; Private residence, Hanover Street, Accountancy and auditing work are the chief lines of this business, and the firm undertakes to open, post, and balance books. Mr. Gunn was born in Dunedin in 1867, and was educated at the Normal School and the University of Otago. He entered the Bank of New Zealand in Dunedin, was ledger-keeper for about two years at Kaiapoi, and was transferred thence to the Christchurch branch. where he remained for some time. Leaving the bank in 1888, Mr. Gunn studied medicine at the University of Otago for two years, and in 1894 entered into his present business. Mr. Gunn is a member of the Dunedin Stock Exchange. He was married in 1891.
(Nathaniel and Edward S. Paterson), Licensed Surveyors, Land and Sharebrokers. Valuators, Estate and Financial Agents, and Accountants. Head office, Stafford Chambers, 73 Princes Street, Dunedin. Branch office, Mornington. Telephone: head office, 33; Mornington, 1712. Private addresses: Mr. N. Paterson, 363 Castle Street, Mr. E. Paterson. Wharenui, Roslyn. This business was established in 1899, and has already advanced to a leading position. The senior partner, who has had a large experience as a surveyor and civil engineer, has executed numerous large and important surveys throughout the South Island, and is at present (1904) engaged in the survey of the well known Acton estate, near Rakaia, Canterbury, for subdivision into farms for closer settlement. The firm collects rents, acts as attorneys for absentees, and advises as to properties for investment.
, Civil Engineer and Licensed Surveyor, is a son of Mr. Walter Paterson, formerly teacher in the Otago Boys' High School. He was born in Ireland, and accompanied his parents to Dunedin at an early age. He studied his profession under the well known firm of Messrs Connell and Moodie, licensed surveyors, Dunedin, and remained with the firm until it merged into the Perpetual Trustees Company. Mr. Paterson stayed with the company till 1899, when he started his present business in conjunction with his brother.
, Licensed Share and Land Broker, Manager of the Land and Estate Department of the firm, was born in New Zealand and finished his education under his father. On leaving school he received a thorough commercial training for fourteen years, being interested in Messrs Paterson and Barr's large ironmongery warehouse. In 1899 he joined his brother in partnership. Mr. Paterson is a member of the Dunedin Stock Exchange and a licensed land broker.
, Commission Agent, Rattray Street, Dunedin. Mr. Phillips was born in England, and came to New Zealand in 1897. He joined the London Rifle Brigade in 1892, and left with the rank of corporal in 1897. After his arrival in New Zealand Mr. Phillips became a member of the North Dunedin Rifles, and retired in 1899 with the rank of sergeant. In 1903 he joined the Wakari Cadet Corps as lieutenant, but resigned towards the end of the same year. Mr. Phillips carries on a successful business
, Shipowner and Shipping Agent, Vogel Street, Dunedin. Telephone, 253. P.O. Box, 18. Bankers, Bank of New Zealand. Private residence, Royal Terrace. Mr. Ramsay, who established his present business in July, 1865, was born at the manse, Alyth, Perthshire, Scotland, in 1844. He was educated at Blairgowrie, and was brought up to business with Messrs. Edward Baxter and Son, of Dundee. Arriving by the ship “Jura” at Port Chalmers in 1862, Mr. Ramsay was for some time in the offices of Messrs. Cargill and Co. and Mr. W. Dalrymple, junr., before entering business on his own account. He is managing owner of the steamers “Invercargill” and “Rimu,” and possesses considerable interest in trading vessels. Mr. Ramsay served for three years as a member of the Dunedin City Council, and occupied the mayoral chair in the year 1874–5. For about eight years he held a seat on the Otago Harbour Board, of which he was chairman for three and a half years. Of the local Chamber of Commerce Mr. Ramsay has also been chairman, and continues to be a member of the institution. He has been largely interested in New Zealand companies, having been a director of the National Insurance Company since its inception; he has long been its vice-chairman, and is also a director of the Westport Coal Company, chairman of the Perpetual Trustees Estate and Agency Company of New Zealand, chairman of the Dunedin Stock Exchange Proprietary Company, and vice-president of the Dunedin Savings Bank. Mr. Ramsay was married in 1871 to the youngest daughter of the late Mr. Archibald Douglas, of the General Post Office, Edinburgh, and has three sons and six daughters.
(Charles Stephen Reeves, J.P., F.I.A.N.Z.), Accountants and Commission Agents, Perpetual Trustees Buildings, Vogel Street, Dunedin. Telephone, 282. P.O. Box, 296. Bankers, Bank of New Zealand. Private residence, Main Road, North East Valley. This business was established in 1863 by the present proprietor, who is more fully referred to as an ex-mayor of Dunedin on another page of this volume. Mr. Reeves and his son, Mr. Lawford Godfrey Reeves, now constitute the firm. They are auditors for several companies and are managers and secretaries for the following companies:—Alpine New Zealand Gold Dredging Company, Limited; Clyde Colleries Company, Limited; Cromwell Proprietary Gold Mining Company. Limited; Dunedin Garrison Hall Trustees; Enterprise Gold Dredging Company, Limited; First Chance Gold Dredging Company, Limited; Great Central Gold Dredging Company, Limited; New Alpine Consols Gold Dredging Company, Limited; New Gibston Gold Dredging Company, Limited; New Halfway House Gold Dredging Company, Limited.
(Donald Reid and Hon. T. Fergus), Auctioneers, Stock and Station Agents, Grain, Produce, and Wool Brokers, Vogel, Cumberland, and Jetty Streets, Dunedin. Telephone, 120. P.O. Box, 289. Bankers, Bank of New Zealand. Private residences: Mr. Reid, Salisbury, North Taieri; Hon. T. Fergus, Royal Terrace. This well known firm was founded by the senior partner in 1878, Mr. Fergus joining in 1892. The magnificent two storey brick building occupied by the firm, covers half an acre of land, and is utilised for wool, grain, and other produce, as well as for auction sales, the offices being on the second floor. The trade of the firm is mainly with settlers, and extends throughout Otago. Mr. Reid is referred to at page 72 of the Wellington volume of this work, and at page 86 of the present volume; and Mr. Fergus at page 119 of this volume and pages 83–84 of the Wellington volume.
(John Reid, Henry William Reid, and Edward Herbert Reid), Land and Estate Agents, Civil Engineers and Surveyors, Corner of Bond and Water Streets, Dunedin. Telephone, 190. Bankers, Bank of New Zealand. Private residences: Mr. J. Reid, London Street, Dunedin; Mr. H. W. Reid, Mornington. The business now conducted by this well-known and highly respected firm was founded in 1876 by the present senior partner, together with Messrs J. W. and G. S. Duncan, under the style of Reid and Duncans. The Messrs. Duncan (who went to Melbourne and constructed the Cable Tramway, for which they acted respectively as superintendent and engineer) retired from the business in 1885. Mr. H. W. Reid was then admitted, and the firm was carried on under the style of John Reid and Son for three years later, when the present partners became associated under their present designation. Messrs J. Reid and Sons have a large circle of Home clients as well as in Canterbury, Otago, and Southland, where they have sold and bought large numbers of estates in both town and country. They have had an extended experience as civil engineers and surveyors, and between the years 1877 and 1881 executed considerable survey contracts in Canterbury under the General Government. As surveyors they undertake the subdivision of blocks of land, and their experience as salesmen is of the utmost value. As scientific and expert
, Accountant, Land, Estate, and Commission Agent, 27 Rattray Street, Dunedin; Telephone, 179; Bankers, Bank of New Zealand; Private residence, Russell Street. This gentleman has been well known in Dunedin business circles for the past forty years, during thirteen of which he was a partner in the printing firm of Mills, Dick and Co. Mr. Reid, who established his present business in 1891, undertakes the sale and purchase of city and country properties throughout Otago, and acts as financial agent generally, apart from his duties as an accountant and auditor. He is secretary of the Otago Caledonian Society, and is more fully referred to as grand secretary of the Grand Lodge of Oddfellows of New Zealand.
, Public Accountant and Trade Assignee, Zealandia Chambers, Dowling Street, Dunedin, and Fellow of the New Zealand Auditors' and Accountants' Association. Telephone, 805. P.O. Box, 346. Bankers, National Bank of New Zealand. Private residence, Hawthorne Avenue, Mornington. This business was established in 1890 by the present proprietor. Mr. Statham undertakes private assignments and the realization of estates for creditors, and may be consulted as a public accountant, or in respect to any matters affecting the trading community. He was born in 1845 in Liverpool, England, and educated at private schools and at St. John's College, Hurstpierpoint, Sussex, and was brought up to the soft goods trade in his native place. In 1862 he came out to Melbourne, Victoria, but settled in Dunedin a year later; he was connected with Messrs. H. Brooks and Co., of Melbourne, and other firms till 1868, when he joined the firm of Messrs. Butterworth Bros., warehouseman. For twenty-two years he continued in this service, rose to the position of manager, and retired when the business was formed into a company. Mr. Statham has long been closely identified with the Anglican Church; he is a lay canon of the Cathedral, lay reader at St. Mary's Church, Mornington, diocesan treasurer, secretary to the Diocesan Trust Board, and a member of the Synod and of the Standing Committee.
(Arthur Murray Sidey), Sharebrokers, Land. Estate and Financial Agents. Albert Buildings, opposite Post Office, Dunedin. Telephone, 1355. Bankers, National Bank of New Zealand. Private residence, “Fraemont,” corner of Melville and Walker Streets. Private telephone, 883. This business was established in February, 1896, by the present proprietor, who is a member of the Dunedin Stock Exchange. Messrs Sidey and Co. have correspondents in various centres of population in New Zealand, and in the leading cities of Australia. Mr. Sidney, who is a son of Mr. John Sidey, was born at “Corstorphine,” Dunedin, and has now combined with his business the management of that estate. He was educated at the Otago Boys' High School, and was for some years in the service of the National Bank, from which he resigned in order to enter into business on his own account. Mr. Sidey was married, in 1897, to a daughter of Mr. John Hall, of “Auburn,” Pirongia, Waikato.
(Arthur C. Stronach, and Crosby Morris), Auctioneers, Woolbrokers, Stock and Station Agents, Crawford, Police, and Vogel Streets, Dunedin. Telephone 356. P.O. Box, 378. Telegraphic address. “Stronach,” Dunedin. Private residences; Mr. Arthur C. Stronach, St.
was born in Tasmania, in 1860, and came to New Zealand with his parents during his second year. He was educated at the Otago Boys' High School, where his partner also received his education. Brought up to life on a sheep station, he gained practical experience before entering into business.
was born in 1867 in the city of Dunedin, and was with the Otago and Southland Investment Company before becoming associated with the firm. He has long been connected with the volunteers, and at present holds a position as captain in the Active List, to which he was transferred on resigning the command of the Otago Hussars in 1903.
, Public Accountant, Joel's Buildings, Crawford Street, Dunedin. Mr. Thompson was born at Toowoomba. Queensland, and educated at St. Joseph's College, Brisbane. For three years he served in the office of a Custom House agent, and then joined the service of Messrs Hoffming and Co., general merchants, Brisbane, which he left to join the Railway Traffic Department of the Queensland Government. Not relishing this class of work, however, he resigned his appointment to enter the service of Messrs Benjamin Bros., general merchants, Brisbane, and, on this firm ceasing operations five years later, he went to Sydney and subsequently started business there on his own account. In 1893, hearing excellent reports of New Zealand, he came to Otago, and shortly after his arrival was appointed to investigate and adjust several lengthy partnership and company accounts, which occupied about four years. On the completion of this work he entered the employment of Messrs Cook and Gray, accountants, at Invercargill, and acted as their branch accountant during the Ward and Guthrie liquidations, being afterwards transferred to their Dunedin branch, where he managed the head office work of the Madgeburg Insurance Company for two years. In 1900 Mr. Thompson started business on his own account as a public accountant. The New Zealand Manual of Accountancy and Commercial Law is published under the joint authorship of Mr. Thompson and Mr. P. S. K. Macassey, solicitor, Dunedin. Mr. Thompson is local secretary and a member of the Council of the New Zealand Accountants' and Auditors' Association.
(Edward Martin), Steamship Owners and Shipping Agents, Dunedin. Head Office, 112 Fenchureh Street, London. Branch office, 8 Gordon Street, Glasgow, Chief office for Australasia, New Zealand Insurance Company's Buildings (first floor), Rattray Street, Dunedin. Manager for Australasia, Mr. W. A. Moore, Telephone 55, P.O. Box, 366. Bankers, Bank of New Zealand. Private residence, Hawthorn Avenue, Mornington. Cable address, “Shire,” Dunedin, Codes, Watkins' and private. Messrs Turnbull, Martin and Co. are the owners of the Shire line of steamships—“Fifeshire,” “Morayshire,” “Nairnshire,” “Perthshire,” “Buteshire,” “Banffshire,” and “Ayrshire”—which make monthly trips between Queensland, New Zealand ports, and London. Messrs Turnbull, Martin and Co. hold contracts for shipping 3000 tons of frozen meat per month to London, from Townsville, Brisbane, and Rockhampton. Having taken on board all available cargo in Queensland, the Shire “liners” call at New Zealand ports, filling up with meat, wool, dairy produce, etc., and usually make their final departure from Port Chalmers.
, the Manager for Messrs Turnbull, Martin and Co. for Australasia, was born in Glasgow, Scotland, in 1860. He was educated in his native place, was brought up to the shipping trade, and joined his present firm as a junior in 1876. After serving eight years in Glasgow—the last four as manager—Mr. Moore came out to the colonies in 1885 to organise the service. The first vessel to load frozen meat in New Zealand was the “Elderslie”—so named after Mr. Martin's residence, and the station of Mr. John Reid, of Oamaru, for whom she loaded her cargo at Oamaru in 1885.
, Auctioneers and General Estate and Insurance Agents, High Street, Roslyn, Dunedin. Telephone, 1376; Bankers, National Bank of New Zealand. This successful business was established by Mr. Washer in 1892, as a land agency, and the auctioneering and insurance departments have since been added. The premiess are large and are conveniently situated near the Kaikoura cable and electric trams. Large sales are held fortnightly on the premises. Mr. Washer is further referred to as Captain of the Wakari Rifle Volunteers.
(John Biggar Waters, Thomas Thompson Ritchie, junior, and —. Scoular), Auctioneers, Grain and Produce Brokers, 55 Crawford Street. Dunedin. This firm was established in November, 1903, and occupies a single storey brick and plaster building, erected for the purpose. It possesses two suites of offices and a large storeroom. Messrs Waters, Ritchie and Co. do a considerable amount of buying and selling in all lines, but chiefly in New Zealand produce, in connection with which they hold a prominent place amongst city houses.
, Of Messrs Waters, Ritchie and Co., was born in the Clutha district in 1866, and is the son of the Rev. John Waters, a Presbyterian minister. He was educated at the district school at Warepa and at the Otago Boys' High School, and subsequently spent fifteen years with the firm of Messrs Murray, Roberts and Co., for whom, latterly, he had charge of the sales department for New Zealand produce. He left that firm to take up an appointment as salesman and travelling representative to Messrs A. S. Paterson and Co., and for seven or eight months he represented his firm in South Africa. Mr. Waters was afterwards appointed manager of the firm of Messrs A. Mortizson and Co., and held that post till November, 1903, when he resigned to enter into partnership with Messrs Ritchie and Scoular. He is secretary for the Catlins River Railway League.
, Junior, one of the members of the firm of Waters, Ritchie and Co., is the only son of Mr. Thomas Thompson Ritchie, who is
, the third partner in the firm, was formerly in the employment of Messrs Kempthorne, Prosser and Co.
, Junior, Accountant, Commission and Financial Agent, Colonial Mutual Buildings (second floor), Princes Street, Dunedin. Telephone, 291. Post Office Box, 294, Bankers: Bank of Australasia. Private residence, Arthur Street. Mr. Wheeler was born in 1861 in Bendigo, Victoria, and was educated at the Boys' High School, Dunedin, whither he accompanied his father, Mr. R. T. Wheeler, when less than a year old. He was for three years in the office of the city surveyor, and, having himself qualified as a surveyor, was afterwards employed by Messrs. Connell and Moodie, accountants and surveyors, for five years. In 1885 Mr. Wheeler established himself in business as a commission agent, and also took up the management of the “Mercantile and Bankruptcy Gazette,” which was founded by his father. Five years later, on the incorporation of the Trade Auxiliary Company, he became manager for that company in Otago, and representative of the “Mercantile and Bankruptcy Gazette,” for which he still acts. He is secretary of the Golden Terrace and Matakitaki gold dredging companies, and of the New Zealand bowling association, and also honorary secretary and treasurer of the Otago golf club. Mr. Wheeler was married in 1885 to a daughter of the late Mr. David Mason, engineer, of Dunedin.
, Commission Agent, 1 Crawford Street, Dunedin. The personal biography of Mr. Wills appears under the Dunedin Choral Society, of which he is president.
(James Armour Johnstone. William Duffus Hunt, and Philip Lowery Wright), Wool and Grain Brokers. Stock and Station Agents, Land and Estate Agents, Auctioneers, Agricultural Seed and Artificial Manure Merchants, Dunedin, Invercargill, Gore. Kelso, and Balfour, with branches throughout Otago and Southland. Head office, High Street, Dunedin; Wool and Grain Warehouses, and Horse Sale Yards, High and Maclaggan Streets; Railway Wool and Grain Stores, Cumberland Street; Artificial Manure Store. Jetty Street Wharf, Dunedin. Agencies: Managers in New Zealand for the New Zealand Agricultural Company's Waimea estate; agents in the South Island for Robertson's (Oban) celebrated “Highland” sheep-dip; sole proprietors of the “Challenge” brand agricultural seeds and artificial manures; agents for Coral Queen and Lady Elliot Island guanos, etc. This firm commenced business in Dunedin in the year 1861, under the style of Wright, Robertson and Co. Mr. Stephenson joined two years later, and in 1868, upon the retirement of Mr. Robertson, its present title was assumed. In the business of stock and station agents, etc., it is one of the oldest established houses in New Zealand, and has extensive trade relations not only in Otago and Southland, but all over New Zealand and in Australia, America, and Great Britain. The firm makes advances on wool, whether for sale locally or for shipment to London, and its name is conspicuous as occupying a leading position at the annual sales held in Dunedin and Invercargill. Messrs Wright, Stephenson and Co. conduct regular auction sales of sheepskins and rabbitskins, hides, tallow, grain, etc., at their warehouses; of fat and store cattle, sheep, and pigs, at Burnside; and of horses at their own bazaars in Dunedin and Gore, every Saturday. Periodical auctions sales of stock are also held by them at the following centres; Gore, Balfour, Waikaka, Wallacetown. Wairio, Ctautau, Thornbury, Woodlands, Winton, Riversdale, Wyndham, Fortrose, Balclutha, Blacks, Becks, Wedderburn, Roughridge, Waipiata, Kyeburn, Shag Valley, Palmerston, etc. Displenishing sales are held by arrangement. The senior member of the firm is the local director of the London and Lancashire Fire Insurance Company, of the Indemnity Mutual Marine Assurance Company, Limited, and a director of the New Zealand Hardware Company, Limited.
, M. Inst. C.E., Civil and Mining Engineer, New Zealand Insurance Buildings, Rattray and Crawford Streets, Dunedin. P.O. Box 272;
Bankers, Union Bank of Australia. Born in Glasgow in 1837, the subject of this notice was educated in his native city, where he completed his scholastic course at the University, taking two first prizes under the late Professor Rankine for engineering and mechanics. He served his articles with Mr. Thomas Kyle, who had extensive works in and around Glasgow, for the Clyde Trustees, the Glasgow Corporation and other important local bodies. After completing his term of five years, Mr. Barr continued with his employers for three years as assistant, before removing to Edinburgh, where he entered the service of Mr. Charles Jopp, M. Inst. C.E. This gentleman was at that time consulting engineer to The North British Railway Company, for which Mr. Barr surveyed several branch lines in the south and east of Scotland under his principal. As the Provincial Government of Otago required an experienced surveyor, the eminent firm of enginers—Messrs. D. and T. Stevenson of Edinburgh—were entrusted with the selection of a suitable man. Mr. Barr was an applicant, and after submitting himself for competitive examination, was selected for the post in June, 1862. Helanded at Port Chalmers in the ship “Jura” in the month of October of the same year, and was engaged in various parts of the province for the ensuing four years under the survey department. In August, 1896, he was transferred to the public works department of which he became chief engineer—three years later—which position he held till November, 1872, when he resigned and
, Junior, Civil and Mining Engineer, Land and Mine Surveyor, Dunedin. Mr. Beal commenced the practice of his profession in Dunedin about twenty years ago, having completed his articles with Mr. Robert Hay, M.I.C.E., and served as an assistant in his office for four years. Mr. Beal has a very intimate knowledge of the geology and all the auriferous formations and deposits of Otago, and has examined and reported upon almost all the reefs and sluicing and hydraulic elevating claims in Otago and Southland. He was the first to introduce gold-dredging on a large scale and for this purpose organised the original Big Beach Dredging Company on the Shotover river, and thereby demonstrated that it was not necessary for ground to be covered with water to enable it to be dredged Mr. Beal read an interesting paper on the future of gold-dredging in Otago at the Mining Conference in connection with the New Zealand and South Seas Exhibition held in Dunedin in 1889–1890, in which he pointed out that, if conducted with large and powerful dredges, it would be in the future a great factor in the mining industry. Mr. Beal has held the position of mining engineer and adviser to several English and a great many colonial gold-mining companies, and holds high references from two ex-Ministers of Mines. Mr. Beal has a thorough practical as well as scientific knowledge, and in the course of his early training occupied a portion of his time in the Otago Foundry. He held the post of lecturer on land and mine surveying at the University of Otago, and is a member of the New Zealand Institutes of Mining Engineers and Surveyors. Mr. Beal has designed and carried out works for a great many mining companies, including water-races, hydraulic, elevating and sluicing plants, water-power machinery for quartz crushing and electric lighting, low level adits for reefing companies, batteries, cyanide plant, dredging machinery, etc. Mr. Beal had command of the Dunedin Engineers for over twelve years, and holds the rank of major in the force. He is also president of the Dunedin amateur boating club.
, Architect. Perpetual Trustees and Agency Buildings, corner of Rattray and Vogel Streets, Dunedin.
Private residence, Vauxhall, Anderson's Bay. Established in 1880. Mr. Burnside has made his mark as a colonial architect, having designed and erected many important
, Engineer and Architect, 47 Moray Place West, Dunedin. Telephone, 473. Brought up as an engineer and architect at the Marquess of Bute's works, Cardiff, Mr. Davey came to New Zealand in 1877 in the ship “Leicester.” After two years' experience in Dunedin, he embarked in his present business. The principal part of Mr. Davey's business is the taking out of patents, and he has clients in all parts of the Colony. He is also engaged in designing buildings and machinery, especially gold mining machinery in connection with the Otago goldfields.
, Architect. Joel's Buildings, 11 Crawford Street, Dunedin. Mr. Forrest was born in Hamilton, Scotland, educated at the Hamilton Academy, and came to New Zealand by the ship “Jura” in 1862. Shortly after his arrival in Dunedin he became engaged in building and carpentering, and was employed in the erection of some of the most important buildings in the early days of the city. He was one of the first students at the School of Art, where he studied architecture under Mr. David Hutton. About 1866 Mr. Forrest was engaged in some large building contracts, and built Mr. John Reid's first wooden residence at Elderslie, near Oamaru. He entered into partnership with the late Mr. David McGill, and the two
carried on business as McGill and Forrest, contractors. They completed many fine public and private buildings in and around Dunedin, including the City Hotel and
, Civil and Naval Architect. Consulting Engineer. The Triangle, 10 Lower Rattray Street. Dunedin, Private residence, “Beflevue,” Reslyn. Mr. Gough was born in the city of Manchester and educated at Rothesay, Isle of Bute, Scotland. He studied naval architecture under Messrs R. Napier and Sons, shipbuilders, Glasgow, and Messrs D. and W. Henderson and Co., of the well known “Anchor Line.” He completed his apprenticeship to civil architecture with Mr. George Melrose, of Rothesay, and studied the profession in some of the leading cities of Canada and the United States of America. Prior to leaving Scotland for New Zealand, in 1886, Mr. Gough had charge of a leading architect and surveyor's office in Falkirk. On arrival in Dunedin he was employed as draughtsman with Messrs Begg and Wilkinson, engineers and ironfounders, with whom he remained for five years before establishing his present business. In naval architecture he has designed and constructed the s.s. “Tarawera,' 78 tons, for tourist traffic on Lake Te Anau; in conjunction with Mr. E. Roberts, the stern-wheel steamer “Clyde,” on the Molyneux; s.s. “Peninsula” and other craft; in civil architecture, the Denton Hat Mills. Standard Confectionery Works, the superintendent's residence in the Botanical Gardens, North End Boating Club pavilion, and many other important private and public buildings in and around Dunedin. Mr. Gough is a member of Lodge St. John, 292, Scottish Constitution, and was for eight years organist and secretary of Lodge St. Andrew, 432, S.C., retiring with the position of Junior Warden. He is also a member of Court Pride of Dunedin, Ancient Order of Foresters.
, Civil and Mining Engineer, and Authorised Surveyor, A.M.P. Buildings, Princes Street, Dunedin. Mr. Hall was born in South Australia, and came to New Zealand with his parents in 1864. He was educated at the Otago Boys' High School, and studied his profession under the late Mr. James Aitken Connell, then of the firm of Messrs Connell and Moodie, Surveyors and Estate Agents. After serving his apprenticeship he went to North America, where for three years he worked on the construction of the Southern Pacific Railway. Mr. Hall returned to Dunedin in 1876, and was for two years Government District Surveyor in Southland, and for three years contract surveyor in Canterbury. In 1885 he went to Melbourne, where he followed his profession, and carried out contracts on the Melbourne cable tram. He returned to New Zealand in 1891, and occupied the position of Resident Engineer in connection with the Hawera and Masterton water works. Mr. Hall has acted
Architect, Dowling Street, Dunedin. Telephones: office, 464; Private residence, 884. Post Office Box, 389. Bankers: National Bank of New Zealand. Private residence, Queen Street. Mr. Hislop was born in Glasgow in 1859, and accompanied his parents to the Colony in the following year in the ship “Henrietta.” He was educated at the North East Valley school and by private tutors; he subsequently served three years in the office of Messrs. Mason and Wales, architects, and afterwards two years in the Public Works department. An experience of twelve months on survey field work under the Government was most useful, Mr. Hislop being then appointed to the charge of the draughtsmen's department of the Public Works office in Nelson. The business which he now conducts so successfully was founded in 1880 in conjunction with Mr. W. H. Terry, under the style of Hislop and Terry; the latter retired after three years and Mr. Hislop continued on his own account. As an architect, Mr. Hislop has designed many of the leading buildings, not only of Otago, but of many of the cities of New Zealand. The New Zealand South Seas Exhibition building (1889–90) was erected under his supervision: the fine building of the Drapery and General Importing Company, fronting Panama and Brandon Streets, Wellington, is also from his designs; and likewise the additions to the Christchurch branch of the same company. The mill and store of Messrs. Evans and Co., Timaru—one of the largest in New Zealand; Messrs. Fleming and Gilkison's mill at Gore, the Agricultural Hall, Crawford Street. Dunedin: the Waterproof Clothing Co.'s Building in connection with Messrs. Hallenstein Bros' New Zealand Clothing Factory, Dowling Street; Dunedin City Abattoirs, and many other large and important buildings were planned and erected by Mr. Hislop. He erected the Wesleyan church in South Dunedin, the Presbyterian Hall in North Dunedin, besides the large manse adjoining Knox church in George Street. These are but a few of the buildings erected from this well known architect's plans. As a bowler, Mr. Hislop has been a member of the Dunedin bowling club for many years, and has been president of the club, and also of the New Zealand bowling association. He has long been a member of the North-East Valley school committee, and also its chairman. He is a member of the Technical Classes association, and holds the position of honorary architect to the Otago agricultural and pastoral association. Mr. Hislop was married in 1883 to a daughter of Mr. H. H. Marsden, of Melbourne, and has two daughters and one son
, Architect, Australian Mutual Provident Buildings, Princes Street, Dunedin. Mr. Laing was born in Otago, and educated at the Dunedin High School. He
studied for his profession under the well known architect Mr. R. A. Lawson, and afterwards went to Melbourne, where he was for some time employed in the office of Messrs N. Billing and Son. Mr. Laing then returned to Dunedin, and after working with
(Robert Arthur Lawson and James Louis Salmond), Architects, Stock Exchange Buildings, Water Street, Dunedin. Telephone, 584. Bankers, Bank of New Zealand. Mr. J. L. Salmond is a son of Dr. W. Salmond, Professor of Moral Philosophy and Mental Science at the University of Otago, was born in 1868 in North Shields. England, and accompanied his parents in the ship “Chrona” to Port Chalmers in 1875. He was educated at the High School, Dunedin, and served his term as an architect under the late Mr. R. A. Lawson, who designed and built many of the churches and important public buildings in Dunedin. After serving for a couple of years with local architects he established the present business. Mr. Salmond makes a specialty of private houses, of which he has already planned and completed a considerable number in Dunedin and its vicinity; amongst them the residences of Messrs A. C. Broad, A. S. Adams, T. Pearce, and M. Coventry, in Cargill Street, Mr. J. Dick, in Pitt Street, and Dr. McCaw, Mosgiel, the Presbyterian manse, Ravensbourne, three brick houses for Mr. W. Main in George Street, Mrs Inglis' and several others at St. Clair, and his own in Michie Street, Roslyn.
Mason And Wales (Patrick Young Architects, S Rattray Street, Dunedin. Telephone, 19. P.O. Box, 194. Bankers, Bank of New Zealand. This business was established by the late Mr. William Mason (who was the first mayor of Dunedin) and Mr. Clayton (who afterwards became Government Architect in Auckland), under the style of Mason and Clayton, in the early days of settlement in Otago. Some years after the foundation of the firm Mr. Clayton retired from the business, and Mr. N. Y. A. Wales succeeded as junior partner, the style being changed to Mason and Wales. The firm as thus constituted occupied a leading position among the pioneer architects of Dunedin for many years, and not a few of the prominent buildings of the city owe their origin to its ability and diligence. On the retirement of the senior partner in 1877, Mr. Thomas Stevenson joined the business, his name being added to the style, which then became Mason. Wales and Stevenson. Two years later Mr. Stevenson retired, and Mr. N. Y. A. Wales, who thus became the sole proprietor, continued the business on his own account from 1879 till 1894, under the present style. Since the latter year, Mr. P. Y. Wales, son of Mr. N. Y. A. Wales, has been associated in the firm, in the business of which he has taken a prominent part. The buildings erected and designed by the firm comprise many of the largest and most important public, mercantile, and private houses in the city of Dunedin, throughout Otago generally, and in various parts of the Colony. The list includes the fine building. with clock tower, in Princes Street, lately occupied by the Colonial Bank of New Zealand, also the Palmerston North and St. Bathans' branches of the same institution, the New Zealand Insurance Building, Rattray Street, Messrs. Sievwright and Stout's offices, Princes Street, the Government Life Insurance Building, corner of Princes and Rattray Streets, the Albert Buildings, Princes Street, Zealaudia Chambers, Dowling Street, the warehouses of Messrs. Sargood, Son and Ewen, Victoria Street, Auckland, Messrs. Ross and Glendining, corner of Harbour and Victoria Streets, Wellington, and Messrs. Neill and Co., Dunedin, Messrs. Stronach Bros. and Morris' premises in Crawford Street, Wain's Hotel. Princes Street, Messrs. Kempthorne, Prosser and Co.'s chemical works at Burn-side, the Freezing Works at Burnside—the first erected in Otago—Messrs. Thomson and Co.'s mineral water factory, and Messrs. Reid and Gray's works, besides a host of
, sometime the senior partner in the firm, was born in 1832 in the County of Northumberland, England, and was educated at Jedburgh, Scotland. He came out to Victoria in the early days of the gold
was born in 1865 in Dunedin, where he was educated principally at the High School. After leaving school he served four years at the building trades, and subsequently served five years as an architect. After eighteen months spent in Sydney in engineering work, chiefly in connection with sewerage works, he returned to join his father in business.
, Consulting Engineer, Colonial Mutual Life Assurance Buildings, corner of Princes and High Streets, Dunedin. Mr. Mason is a son of the late Mr. David Mason, one of the pioneers of Otago, who was the first to establish a foundry and engineering works in the South Island. He was born in Dunedin, in 1858, and served his apprenticeship at the Otago Foundry. While there he studied at the Otago University, and qualified in Civil Engineering, taking a high place in chemistry and physics. In 1882 he was articled to Messrs Barr and Oliver, and acted as mechanical engineer and marine surveyor for the Otago Harbour Board works, then being carried out by Mr. Barr, the Board's engineer. Owing to a breakdown in health,
(Matthew Begg, C.E.), Architects, Surveyors, Civil and Mining Engineers, Manor Place, Dunedin. Private residence, Anderson's Bay, Established in 1880 by Mr. Frank Oakden, in conjunction with the present proprietor, the business was continued by the partners jointly till 1888, when Mr. Oakden retired and it has since been carried on solely by Mr. Begg. The leading branches of work are land and mining surveying, supervision of mining work generally, and civil engineering.
, Consulting Engineer, New Zealand Government Life Insurance Building, Princes Street, Dunedin. P.O. Box, 216, Bankers, Bank of Australasia. Private residence, Roslyn. Born in 1864 near Northampton, England, and educated in Yorkshire; Mr. Payne became an articled pupil to Messrs. Nobbs and Co., “Vulcan Works,” Northampton, and after five years service he qualified as an engineer. Subsequently he held positions as a draughtsman in Manchester and in Northampton, but left for the colonies in 1887, and arrived in Melbourne in the same year. Mr. Payne was engaged in his profession in Australia for four years. In 1891 he paid his first visit to New Zealand, and remained about eighteen months. He then took a trip to the Old Country, where he visited the leading engineering establishments, and returned to settle in Dunedin in 1893. Mr. Payne, who established his business in 1897, makes a leading line of designing and superintending the construction of gold mining dredges; among others that may be named, the “Eureka” and “Upper Nevis” dredges; and dredges for the “Electric,” the “Magnetic,” the “Unity,” the “Chatto Creek” gold dredging companies and several others. These dredges cost from £4000 to £7000 each. Mr. Payne makes periodical visits to the gold mining districts, in connection with the erection of dredging plants; and for the purpose of reporting on mining operations in progress.
. C.E., Architect and Engineer, 191 Princes Street, Dunedin. Mr. Petre arrived in Dunedin in 1872, under engagement to Messrs Brogden and Sons, railway contractors, and about three years later, after superintending the construction of the Dunedin-Clutha and the Blenheim-Picton lines, he established his present practice in Dunedin. For a short time he was engaged in engineering contracts; the reclamation of the Henley swamp, the building of the Deborah Bay tunnel, and the construction of the first section of the Otago Central railway being amongst his first works. Later on, Mr Petre devoted himself chiefly to architecture, in connection with which he has become well known throughout Otago and New Zealand. Church architecture has especially occupied his attention. The Roman Catholic Cathedral in Christ-church—now in course of construction—and certain to be one of the finest ecclesiastical buildings in New Zealand, St. Joseph's Cathe-dral, and the Dominican Convent, Dunedin; Cathedral, and Sacred Heart basilica, Wellington; the large church and basilica in Oamaru, besides many other churches, convents, and schools in the South Island, have all been designed by Mr. Petre, and built under his supervision. Several of the most imposing commercial houses of Christ church and Dunedin are also of his designing, such as the Australian Mutual Provident Society's building, in Cathedral Square, and Messrs Lewis and Gould's offices, in Hereford Street, Christchurch; and the Provident Industrial Insurance Company's building, and Messrs Murray, Roberts and Company's offices in Bond Street, Dunedin. He has also designed a large number of private residences in Dunedin and suburbs, including the late Mr. E. B. Cargill's residence. “The Cliffs.” Mr. Joachim's house at Mornington, and the late Judge Chapman's house, one of the finest concrete houses erected in Australasia. Mr. Petre is further referred to in another article as Acting Consular Agent, in Dunedin, for Italy.
, A.M.I.C.E., Marine, Civil, and Consulting Engineer, Australian Mutual Provident
Society's Buildings, Princes Street, Dunedin. Telephone, 530. Bankers, Bank of New Zealand. Mr. Reynolds is the eldest son of the late Hon. W. H. Reynolds, M L C. He was born in Dunedin in 1862, was educated at the
, Architect, Octagon, Dunedin. Bankers, Bank of New Zealand. Private residence, Roslyn. This business was established in 1875, and since then Mr. Roach has taken his part in designing and supervising the erection of many well-known buildings in the city of Dunedin and Its suburbs. He was educated and brought up to his profession in London, and, after spending several years in Victoria —at Melbourne, Geelong, and Ballarat— arrived at Port Chalmers in 1861. After being in business for some time as a contractor—during which period he executed several large and important public and private works — he was appointed Inspector of Works under the Provincial Government of Otago, and supervised the building of the Normal School, Moray Place, the Museum, Great King Street (in concrete), and other works. Subsequently Mr. Roach became associated with Mr. David Ross, F.R.I.B.A., who designed the large offices of the Union Steamship Company of New Zealand, Ltd., Messrs. Guthrie and Larnach's factory, Princes Street, Messrs. Hallensteln's warehouse and clothing factory, Dowllng Street,
, Inst. M.E., Mining Engineer and Metallurgist, Lower Rattray Street. Dunedin. Mr. Smith received his first schooling in the science of metallurgy as a boy, his father being a gold and silver refiner. In 1891 he left Melbourne and made a tour of the New Zealand goldfields, buying concentrates for an Australian pyrites company, and afterwards purchased, on behalf of the same company, the tailings at the Saddle Hill mine near Dunedin, erected plant for their treatment, and shipped concentrates to Victoria. After completing this work Mr. Smith was appointed manager for the Barewood Gold Mining Company, but relinquished that position to become editor of the New Zealand Mining Journal, which he edited, while practising as a mining engineer, until 1898. When Etard's permanganate process for gold extraction was first introduced, his services were secured as metallurgist to the company which owned the patent right for Australasia and America. He designed and erected the experimental plant consisting of reverberating furnace, leaching and precipitation vats, etc., and conducted the bulk experiments. These proved that, by adopting Dr. Black's modification of the original patent, the process would be a commercial success, and would treat at a small cost the most refractory ores. Mr. Smith afterwards travelled for the Permanganate Company through Australia, from Charters Towers in Northern Queensland, to Adelaide, demonstrating the process at the different mines and metallurgical works. He was successful in getting it adopted at the Bethanga works, the second largest chlorination plant in the Australian colonies. After this tour he returned to New Zealand, and has since resided in Dunedin. Mr. Smith recently completed the construction of the first section of the Shetland Terrace Slucing Company's waterrace, in the Paparoa Ranges on the West Coast. This race, now (1901) completed for a distance of two miles, is carried through steep and rugged bush country, with numerous slips. In the two miles there is three quarters of a mile of rock tunnelling, and
, Marine Surveyor, Dunedin. Captain Thomson was born in November, 1822, at Alloa, Scotland, and was educated is his native place. At the age of thirteen he went to sea as an apprentice, and such was his progress that at twenty-one he was master of a vessel. He continued at sea till the last day of 1859. having for several years commanded ships trading in the North Atlantic and Indian Oceans, and between Australian and New Zealand ports; his last vessel was the S.S. “Geelong,” engaged in the New Zealand coastal trade. At the beginning of 1860 Captain Thomson was appointed chief harbour master in charge of Otago harbours from Oamaru to the Bluff, and retained the position until the establishment of harbour boards in 1874, when his duties were confined to the port of Dunedin; where he resigned a quarter of a century after the date of his appointment. During the ensuing two years Captain Thomson had charge of the Port Chalmers Graving Dock, but retired in 1888 to accept the position he now holds, together with that of Lloyd's surveyor. He was Examiner of Masters and Mates and Adjuster of Compasses in Dunedin for the twenty years ending in 1894. Captain Thomson was the first captain to sail out of Brisbane with a cargo of wool for Britain direct. That was in January, 1852.
, Fern Artist and Photographer, London Portrait Rooms, 42 Princes Street, Dunedin, The studio is beautifully lighted and well fitted up for photographic purposes. There are a number of convenient apartments, which contain all needful appliances for doing a superior class of work. Mr. Armstrong has long been engaged in artificial fern work, on panels, brackets, and articles of furniture, as well as in albums.
, Pastry Cook and Confectioner, 66 Princes Street, Dunedin. This business was established many years ago by Mr. Donaldson, from whom it passed into the hands of Messrs Findlay and Clelland; and on the 15th of May, 1903, it was taken over by the present proprietor, who paid a large sum for it as a going concern. It is one of the best shops of its kind in Dunedin. Though it has seating accommodation for over 100 persons, it has, on many occasions, proved too small for the large business clone. Since the present proprietor took it over it has almost doubled the turnover. It is conducted with exceptional ability and is well known far and near, as the proprietor is a practical tradesman with wide experience, and believes in having everything of the best material. Mr. Hutchison was born at Hatton, Aberdeenshire. Scotland, where he served his apprenticeship, and at seventeen years of age was foreman for over a year. He then removed to Aberdeen. where he entered the service of a firm well known throughout the British Isles as the Rosemount Baker. Later on he went to London, where he was employed in some of the largest restaurants and bakeries, such as Mr. Beale's in the Holloway Road, Morrison Brothers' Scotch Bakery, and with Elliott Brothers. In this way he gained a full knowledge of his trade, with respect to bread and pastry cook work. He then returned to his former employer in Aberdeen. Mr. Hutchison also spent several years in different parts of Scotland, at such well-known places as Fraserburgh, famous for its herrings. and also Old Meldrum, etc. He then left for New Zealand in the “Kaikoura,” in 1892. Soon after his arrival he settled at Maheno, where he worked at his trade for two years. He then bought the business of the late Mr. Cunningham, in Palmerston South, where he did a very large trade. Mr. Hutchison also bought a business at Shag Point, and carried on the two for several years. He bought other premises in Pal-merston, and conducted in these a tea and fruit trade. While thus engaged he bought his present business at 66 Princes Street, and had three businesses going for some time. He, however, sold all his interests at Palmerston. and now gives his whole attention to his present business, which is rapidly increasing. As a Freemason. Mr. Hutchison belongs to Palmerston Lodge, No. 26, and is a Past Grand in the Independent Order of Oddfellows, Manchester Unity. He was married, in 1895, to the only daughter of the late I. Shackleton, of Maheno.
, Brewer, Maltster and Bottler, Red Lion Brewery, Great King and George Streets, Dunedin; Telephone 123; P.O. Box, 147; Bankers, Bank of New Zenland; Private residence, Regent Road. This well-known brewery was established in 1862, and was purchased by the present proprietor in 1864. Since that time the entire premises have been remodelled, rebuilt, and refitted with the latest and most modern brewing and malting plant. The land occupied consists of one acre and a quarter of freehold, with entrances from both
(George Skinner Lintott, J.P.), Maltsters, Grain Merchants, Insurance Agents, and Importers of Brewers' Sundries, Albion Malthouses, Cumberland Street, Dunedin. P.O. Box, 304. Bankers: Bank of New Zealand. Also grain stores, Tyne Street, and malthouse, Weir Street, Oamaru. The business was established in Oamaru in 1876, and having extended very considerably, the head office was removed to Dunedin in 1891. The premises occupied were formerly known as Messrs. Marshall and Copeland's Albion Brewery. The buildings are of brick, two and three stories in height. There are two malthouses, each with a capacity of fifty sacks; the Oamaru malthouse is equal to fifty sacks. Messrs. Lintott and Co. do a considerable trade in grain, which they export to Australia and England. They are sole agents in the Colony for Messrs. Boake. Roberts and Co., Ltd., of London, for all kinds of brewers' sundries, in which they do a very large business throughout the Colony, all parts of which are periodically visited by the firm's representatives. The firm are attorneys for Otago for the Canton Insurance Company. Mr. Lintott was born in Chelmsford. Essex, was brought up as a brewer at Burton-on-Trent. and was for some years with Messrs. Lascells and Tickner. of Guildford. Surrey, as managing brewer. In 1874, he was engaged in England as brewer for Messrs. Vincent and Co., of Christchurch. During his residence in Oamarn he was a member of the borough council for some years, and was generally prominent in connection with any local matter which tended to advance the interests of the town, Mr. Lintott is a director in the brewing business of William Strachan, Ltd., Dunedin.
. Accountant to Messrs. Lintott and Co., Albion Malt-house, Dunedin, was born at sea in 1859 on a voyage to Tasmania, and was educated at Hutchins' school, Hobart. He was brought up to business by his father, who was a tanner and grindery merchant in Hobart. and was subsequently with Messrs. George Blyth and Co., Dunedin, for eight years. He has filled his present position since March, 1889.
. (George Dowse Wright and William Henry Smith), Brewers. Bo'tlers, and Maltsters, Union Brewery, Cornern of Duke and Great King Streets, Water of Leith, Dunedin. Telephone, 333. Bankers: Bank of New Zealand. Private residences: Mr. Wright. Castle Street; Mr. Smith, Duke Street. The large brewing business now conducted by the firm of McGavin and Co, was established in August. 1882, by the late Mr. George L. McGavin. associated with Mr. Alexander McGregor, and the late Mr. W. H. Smith, under the style of McGavin, McGregor and Smith. A very considerable business was conducted till 1889, when Mr. Smith died, and Mr. McGregor retired from the business. Mr. McGavin was then joined by Mr. W. H. Smith, junr., son of his late partner. On the death of Mr. McGavin in December, 1896. Mr. Wright, his nephew, was nominated to represent his uncle's interest in the business. The land occupied by the malthouse and brewery consists of an acre and a half of freehold. The buildings are extensive and complete, and really include two breweries and malthouses, the one originally erected by Messrs McGavin, McGregor and Smith, and the other by Messrs Marshall and Copeland. The plant is thoroughly up-to-date in every respect. The original brewery built by Mr. McGavin is a brick building, well adapted for an extensive business. There is a fine thirty horsepower tubular boiler, built by Messrs R. S. Sparrow and Co., with six horsepower horizontal engine by the same firm. Behind the engine there is a large maltcrusher, from which automatic lifts convey the malt to a hopper on the top floor of the brewery. The malt is supplied to the large mash-tub on the third floor. which is then filled with hot water, and from which the liquor is run off into a large copper capable of boiling thirty-two hogsheads. The mixture then undergoes the boiling and brewing process: afterwards it is drawn off into the cooler and subsequently passes over the refrigerator. falling down into the fermenting tuns, where yeast is added and whence, when the proper process has been completed, it is drawn off into casks in the cellars. The granary attached to this portion of the building opens off the refrigeratingroom and is capable of storing 2.000 sacks of grain. Below this flat is the maltingfloor, which has a 180-bushel steep, and below that again, the cellars, which extend the whole length of the building, and are capable of fermenting 300 hogsheads at once. The other malt-house. originally the property of Messrs Marshall and Copeland. is an extensive building, with a remarkably fine granary on the top floor, where 20,000 sacks can be stored with case. The malting-floor of this portion of the premises has a 200 bushel steep, and there is also a very large cellar capable of storing 600 hogsheads. Messrs McGavin and Co. have a complete cooper's plant, where the whole of the large vats used in the brewery are made, as well as kauri casks from 110 gallons down to small kegs. The firm imports oak staves from England and kauri staves from the north of New Zealand. There is convenient stabling on the premises, and the firm employs five horses and four vans in connection with its town delivery. Messrs McGavin and Co. have a large bottling establishment in Duke Street where a very considerable trade is carried on. The firm employs altogether thirty hands, including three travellers who are constantly on the road visiting customers in various parts of the Colony. Messrs McGavin and Co. have been most successful as exhibitors, having gained more than thirty prize medals at various exhibitions, including the New Zealand and South Seas Exhibition of 1889–90. the Centennial Exhibition at Melbourne in 1888, where they gained two gold medals and special mention against the world, and at the Tasmanial Exhibition of 1894–5.
, founder of the firm of McGavin and Co., was born at Kirriemuir, Scotland, and was educated in his native land. After passing his youth in Scotland he came out to Victoria on the outbreak of the goldfields in the early “fifties,” and in the end settled at Stawell (then known as Pleasant Creek). He became associated in the development of the great North Cross Reef, with the Hon. W. Osmond, M.L.C. and Doctor's Creek. Mr. James Robbie, of Stawell, and the late Hon. James Grant, well known as minister of lands; and over eleven tons of gold were taken from the celebrated mine. When the Otago goldfields were discovered Mr. McGavin was
was born in Melbourne in 1865, was educated at the Dunedin High School and brought up to business as a brewer in the firm of Messrs McGavin and Co. Mr. Smith superintends the manufacturing department of the business, while Mr. Wright attends to the financial department. Mr. Smith has long been connected with cricket, and holds the position of vice-president of the Grange cricket club. He is also a member of the Dunedin bowling club, and vice-president of the North East Valley band. He was married in 1893, and has three children.
(Messrs. C. F. Greenslade, W. Dawson, and Charles Speight, directors), Brewers and Maltsters, City Brewery, Battray Street, Dunedin; Telephone 286; P.O. Box 223; Bankers, Bank of New Zealand; Private residences: Mr. Greenslade, Dowling Street; Mr. Dawson, Duncan Street; Mr. Speight, Canongate Street. The large business now conducted by this well-known brewing company was originally established in 1876, on a portion of the present site in Rattray Street, by Messrs. James Speight, C. F. Greenslade, and W. Dawson. The capacity of the brewing plant at that time was twelve hogsheads the brew. Some idea of the increase of the business may be gathered from the fact that the capacity of the present brewery is upwards of fifty hogsheads per brew. The combination of the three partners in the young firm of J. Speight and Co., proved to be a wise one, Mr. Dawson being a practical brewer, Mr. Greenstade a practical maltster, while Mr. Speight thoroughly understood the commercial side of the business. The motive and steam producing power of Messrs. Speight's City Brewery consists of a forty horsepower Cornish boiler, and a multitubular boiler of sixty horse-power, which, besides supplying steam for the two immense wort boilers, and boiling all the water for cask washing and brewing purposes, has a twelve horse-power horizontal engine, which drives the machinery consisting of malt mill, malt and barley screens, hoisting and elevating plant, etc. The main shaft, transmitting power where desired, is probably the longest in the city, as It extends the entire length
, Builder, Contractor and Valuator, Princes Street South, Dunedin. Telephone 1174; Bankers, Bank of New Zealand; Private address, Park Street, Kensington. Mr. Clark started business in partnership with Mr. Lunn in 1886. The firm dissolved in 1892, and Mr. Clark immediately began business on his own account at his present address. He is now one of the leading builders in Dunedin, and constantly employs about twelve men. The premises are large, and include joinery works used only in connection with private contracts. The planing and moulding machinery is most up-to-date, and is driven by a powerful engine.
Is the eldest son of the late Mr. Jasper Clark, a leading farmer in the Tokomairiro district, who arrived in Otago by the ship “Jura” in 1858. He was born in Berwickshire, Scotland, accompanied his parents to New Zealand, was educated at the Tokomairiro District High School, and learned his trade, successively, with Mr. McClatchie and Mr. Hollick, both large builders in the district. After working for some years in Dunedin he started business in conjunction with Mr. Lunn, but the partnership was dissolved some years later, and Mr. Clark now carries on business solely on his own account. He has an extensive connection in the South Island, especially in Dunedin, where he has erected many large and important public and private buildings. Mr Clark is a member of the Order of Foresters, and has been for seven consecutive years chairman of the Kensington school committee. He married a daughter of the late Mr. James Dawson, of Tokomairiro, and has a family of two sons and three daughters.
(Robert Crawford and John Watson), Builders and Contractors, Castle Street, Dunedin. Mr. Crawford was born in Scotland, and accompanied his parents to Dunedin in 1860. On leaving school he learned the trade of a builder, and in 1886, in conjunction with Mr. John Watson, started their present large and successful business. Mr. Crawford is married, and resides at Belleknowes, Mornington. He is referred to elsewhere in this volume as Captain of the Dunedin City Guards.
, Builder and Contractor, Cumberland Street, Dunedin. Mr. Greaves was born in Birmingham, England, where he served his apprenticeship to the building trade. In 1872 he came out to Dunedin, where he soon began to carry on his trade. In succeeding years he was engaged in some extensive building operations in the city, such as Bishop Neville's house, St. Hilda's College, Heriot Row, and numerous handsome private residences. Latterly Mr. Greaves has confined his operations to the erection of residences on his own properties. In 1890 he took a trip to the Old Country. Mr. Greaves is married, and has three sons and two daughters.
, Builder and Contractor, 14 Hyde Street, Dunedin. Mr. McKechnie was born in Ayrshire, Scotland, and accompanied his father and mother with four other members of the family, in the ship “Maori, to Dunedin, in 1852. His father came out under engagement to the late Mr. John Cargill, who was farming at Tokomairiro, and was drowned while re-crossing the Tokomairiro after conveying the Rev. Mr. Bannerman over that river. Mrs McKechnie died in 1899, at the age of seventy-five. Mr. A. McKechnie learned carpentery and building at Milton, and settled in Dunedin about 1880, when he entered business as a builder. A few of the numerous contracts carried out by Mr. McKechnie may be mentioned, such as McLeod's soap works, the North Dunedin branch of the National Bank, Nees and Sons' furniture warehouse, the Corporation electric ear sheds at Dunedin and Wellington, the mangles suspension bridge over the Buller, a bridge at Mataura on the Riversdale-Switzers proposed line of railway, eight hundred feet of the Victorian wharf extension at Dunedin, thirty dredges and several quartz crushing plants and large pumping machinery at Bendigo, near Cromwell, besides numerous other buildings in town and country. Mr McKechnie has never taken any part in local politics, but was for over twenty years a member of the volunteers. He joined the Bruce Rifles shortly after the inception of
, Builder and Contractor, 18 Russell Street, Dunedin. Mr. Meikle was born in Uphall, Linlithgowshire, Scotland, in 1843, and came to New Zealand with his father, the late Mr. William Meikle, by the ship “Storm Cloud” in 1860. He started business with Mr. Campbell in 1870, under the style of Meikle and Campbell, contractors and builders; and the partnership existed till 1890. Mr. Meikle then retired from the building trade, and, for eight years, was successfully engaged in farming at Balclutha. He sold his farm, and returned to practice his profession in Dunedin in 1902. Messrs Meikle and Company built the Dunedin Telegraph Office, the four storey premises of Messrs Hellestein and Co., Dowling Street, and made the internal alterations necessary to convert the old University Buildings into the Colonial Bank. They also erected the Houghton Ward of the Dunedin Hospital, the principal railway stations around Dunedin, the large grain store at Lyttelton, and the Nenthorne section of the Otago Central railway. Mr. Meikle has never taken any part in public affairs, as his time has been too much occupied in attending to his business. He is married, and has a family of four sons and seven daughters. Five of his daughters are married.
, Builder and Contractor, 265 Cumberland Street, Dunedin. Mr. Milnes was born in Halifax, Yorkshire, England, where he learned the trade of a builder, and for twelve years carried on a successful builder's and contractor's business. In 1879 he came to Dunedin by the ship “Taranaki,” and for years afterwards was engaged in large and successful building operations in Otago. Three years after his arrival he joined Mr. Pope in business, under the style of Pope and Milnes, Mr. Pope died three years later, and since then Mr. Milnes has carried on business on his own account. Amongst the contracts carried out by Messrs Pope and Milnes, and subsequently by Mr. Milnes are: Alterations to the old Bank of Australasia, the box factory for the Evening Star Company in Crawford Street, Cuddies' store, the only brick hotel at Mosgiel, the Loan and Mercantile buildings in Lower Rattray Street, the Colonial Bank, Palmerston North; besides extensive alterations in the D.I.C. warehouse, and numerous other important public and private buildings. Mr. Milnes is chairman of the Ratepayers' and Householders' Association of Dunedin, and was a member of the Ravensboune school committee, and for two years its chairman. He is a member of the Order of Rechabites, in which he has gone through all the chairs, and has been presented with the order of merit. Mr. Milnes was married before coming to New Zealand, and has one son and two daughters, and eight grandchildren.
, Monumental Mason and Sculptor, Princes Street, Dunedin. This leading business was established in 1864. The yards, which are situated near the cemetery, are stocked with a fine assortment of monuments and gravestones, from handsome marble monuments to simple crosses and headstones. The proprietor imports marble extensively from the famous marble quarries in Carrara, and also imperishable granite from Aberdeen.
was born in Somersetshire, England, and accompanied his parents to Australia in 1858. Four years later he arrived in Dunedin, and after spending about two years on the goldfields, without meeting with success, started business in Dunedin on his present site. Mr. Palmer has never taken any part in local affairs, as he finds that his business requires the whole of his time.
, Builders and Contractors, Dundas Street, Dunedin. This firm was founded in 1888, by the late Mr. Rodger, and his son, Mr. James Rodger. The latter retired in 1902 to accept a responsible position under the Otago Education Board, and was succeeded by his brother, Mr. John Rodger, into whose hands the whole of the business fell on the death of his father in 1902.
was born and educated in Dunedin, and studied architecture at the Technical School, and the School of Art. He learned the building trade with his father, and afterwards with Messrs Crawford and Watson. He is a competent architect, and so is able to design his own plans. Mr. Rodger has erected many public and private buildings around Dunedin, including two large two-storey buildings in Union Street, a brick shop in St. Andrew Street, and two handsome residences in Canongate and Eden Streets. He has always taken a great interest in athletics.
, Builder, Contractor, and Valuator, Manor Place, Dunedin. Mr. Torrance is further referred to as secretary of the Dunedin Builders and Contractors' Association.
, Carpenter and Builder, Moray Place, Dunedin, Telephone, 181. Bankers, Bank of New Zealand, Private address, Filleul Street. This business was established by Mr. Thomson, in conjunction with Mr. James McGill, in 1866, under the
(Robert Thomson and James H. Thomson), Sculptors and Monumental Masons, 148 Moray Place, Dunedin. Telephone, 865. Bankers, National Bank of New Zealand.
, the founder of this business, was born in Perthshire, Scotland, in 1839, and came to Dunedin, in 1862 by the ship “Sevilla.” Shortly after his arrival he was employed in connection with the erection of the present Exchange Buildings in Princes Street, and afterwards with the building of First Church. In 1874 he founded the business now so successfully carried on by his two sons. Mr. Thomson took considerable interest in the affairs of the Mornington Road Board, and was a member of the Caledonian Society. He was a most enthusiastic grower of roses, and possessed one of the finest private collections of those flowers in Dunedin. Mr. Thomson died in 1887, leaving a widow and two sons.
, the eldest son of Mr. Thomas Thomson, was born in Dunedin, and educated at the Mornington and High Street schools. He learned his trade under his father, since whose death he practically had charge of the business until joined by his brother in 1901. Mr. Thomson looks after the manufacturing portion of the business, superintending the erection of the numerous headstones and monuments which the firm supplies throughout the South Island. Mr. Thomson is married and has three children.
, the youngest son of Mr. Thomas Thomson, was born in Mornington, and after following a commercial life for a number of years, joined his brother in 1901, and now superintends the commercial branch of the business. Mr. Thomson also carries on accountancy work and sharebroking. He is largely interested in dredging, and is a director of the Island Block Dredging Company, and secretary of the Unity Gold Dredging Company.
, Builder and Contractor, 225 Castle Street, Dunedin. Mr. White was born in 1853 at Southampton, England, and learned his trade with Messrs Bull and Son, builders of the Law Courts, London. He came to New Zealand in 1875, by the ship “Crusader,” and has since then been engaged in the building trade. As a master builder and sub-contractor, Mr. White has helped to erect many large and important buildings in Dunedin; such as the new centre portion of the D.I.C.; large additions to Donaghy's Rope Works at South Dunedin and Auckland; the hospital ward of the Benevolent Institution; the contract for the brick work in Mr John Roberts' new mansion at Littlebourne; the contract for the brick work in Messrs Wright, Stephenson and Co.'s new wool and grain stores in Cumberland Street, Dunedin; the whole contract for Messrs Stronach and Morris' wool and grain stores in Crawford street, Dunedin; the contract for the St. Kilda Hotel, St. Kilda, Dunedin; Mr. Galt's new residence and stables at “Mararoa,” Mataura; the reinstatement of the Bruce Woollen Mills after their destruction by fire; the Nurse's Home at the Dunedin Hospital; the Wesleyan Church, South Dunedin; Moritzson's large grain and wool stores in Crawford Street; Cossens and Black's factory; Dr. McKellar's residence in Pitt Street; the latest additions to the Telegraph Office; Jamieson's large building in Moray Place; extensive additions to Messrs A. and T. Burt's engine house, and to Messrs Reid and Gray's premises; the Presbyterian manse at Mornington; Mr. Eastabrook's residence, Stuart Street, Dunedin; the Denton Hat Factory, King Street, Dunedin; Mr. Bagley's new shops in George Street, Dunedin; several factory brick chimney stacks in Dunedin and suburbs; the Leviathan Hotel, Cumberland Street; North East Valley tram sheds and stables; North East Valley school gymnasium building; the brick work of Ross and Glendining's new warehouse, High Street; the Roman Catholic presbytery. Milton; the large mansion, manager's house and stables for Mr. John McLean Buckley, of Redcastle, Oamaru,
(Junior), Painter and Decorator, 133 Moray Place, Dunedin. This business was established in 1889 by its present owner, who has had considerable experience as a master artist in all kinds of interior decorations in first-class houses. The building, which is of brick and two stories in height, is built on leasehold property, and painted and decorated throughout in an artistic combination of colours. A retail paperhanging trade has recently been added, and the premises are stocked with the most up-to-date paperhangings obtainable in England, America and the Continent. A large stock of painters' requisites is kept; specialty is made of artistic and high-class interior decorations, and sign writing is another branch of the business. Beautiful new show rooms have been added to the premises, and are considered to rank among the best in the colony, being well lighted by large plate glass windows, with a pretty stained glass window at the rear. The ceiling is of fibrous plaster, and the walls are decorated in different examples of the prevailing styles of the day. The workshops and office are on the ground floor, whilst upstairs there is a large stock room filled with painters' and paperhanging requisites of all kinds. A large staff of competent hands is employed.
, the Proprietor, was born in Glasgow, Scotland. He served part of his apprenticeship in his native city, and came to New Zealand in 1876 by the ship “Pomona.” For some years he carried on business successfully at Gore and Lawrence, before opening his present establishment in Dunedin in 1839. Mr. Wright was married, in 1881, and has one daughter and four sons.
, Coachbuilder, 238 Great King Street, Dunedin. This business was founded in 1861, by the late Mr. John Mathews, who was succeeded by the present proprietor in 1895. The premises and workshops are stocked with a fine assortment of light and heavy vehicles, comprising grocers' and bakers' carts, buggies and farmers' market traps. The proprietor imports the numerous requirements of his trade from America and England. Six men are kept constantly employed; and the vehicles manufactured bear a high reputation for durability and finish.
, the Proprietor, was born in Dunedin, and brought up to a commercial life. He spent some time in a merchant's office, and was subsequently in an accident insurance company and broker's office. Having a natural mechanical bent, however, he determined to learn a trade, and was for eleven years in the workshop of Mr. Mathews, coachbuilder, whose business he acquired in 1895. Mr. Dixon has always taken a great interest in athletics, and was a member of the Alhambra football club, and one of the founders of the North End rowing club. He is a writer of ability, and is a well-known contributor to the “Australasian Coach Builder.”
(John Hordern and John C. White), Coachbuilders to his late Excellency Lord Onslow, the Dunedin
Carriage Factory, Market Street, Dunedin. This business was founded in 1883, by Messrs Hordern, Bradshaw and White, Mr. Bradshaw retired in 1890, and since then the business has been conducted by the present partners. The premises occupy a quarter of an acre in Market Street, and, owing to the increasing business, the owners contemplate large extensions and improvements. The factory, which is entered through a large show room stocked with a fine display of carriages and other vehicles, is a hive of industry. It is supplied with all the latest and most improved machinery necessary, including planing, sawing, and drilling machines, and four forges, driven by a five horse-power gas engine. There are also two boxing wheel machines, and a most up-to-date plant for rubber trying. A fine dust-proof painting room adjoins the workshop. Every style of vehicle is manfactured, and over thirty men are employed in the various departments. The firm built to order a most stylish phaeton for presentation to Dr. Brown on his leaving for Tauranga, after his long residence in Dunedin. Naves, made-up wheels, shafts, seasoned woods, axle springs, silver-plated lamps, and other requisites for the trade, not procurable in New Zealand, are constantly imported from America and England. The reputation of the firm for high class and faithful workmanship is well known throughout the colony, so that orders are constantly arriving from places remote from Dunedin. Messrs Hordern and White are at present (March. 1904) busy with the electric cars for the Dunedin Corporation.
, one of the Proprietors of the Dunedin Carriage Factory, was born in Manchester, England, and came to New Zealand when two years of age. He learned his trade in Dunedin, and now superintends the general working of the mechanical part of the business he helped to found.
was born in Tasmania, and came to New Zealand in 1874. He served his apprenticeship in the colonies. In order to get a more complete knowledge of carriage building he visited England, Scotland, Paris and America, and worked in some of the leading carriage factories there, and the experience thus gained by him has been an important factor in the success of the firm, which on his return he helped to found in conjunction with Messrs Hordern and Bradshaw. Mr. White, who is a good draughtsman, designs the plans for the various vehicles, and attends to the general management of the business. He is an Oddfellow, and was a member of the volunteers for many years.
(A. Roberts, F. A. Roberts, G. H. Roberts. J. G. Roberts), Coachbuilders and General Smiths, 290 Great King Street, Dunedin. This prosperous business was founded by the senior partner in 1870, on the present site, but owing to the great extension of the business, a large brick building has recently been erected. All classes of vehicles, including light traps and expresses, are manufactured; and a large stock of seasoned woods, spokes, fillaives, shafts, and all the numerous incidental requirements of the coachbuilders' trade, are kept on the premises. In addition to coachbuilding, a large business is carried on in horse-shoeing, in connection with which the, firm has a first class reputation.
, Senior Member of the firm, was born in Halstead, Essex, England, where he was brought up to the trade of a general smith. He arrived in Dunedin by the ship “Chili” in 1867, and worked with Mr. Carver before starting his present prosperous business in 1870. Mr. Roberts has been a member of the Order of Foresters for many years. He married Miss Tolmie, who arrived in New Zealand in 1867 by the ship “Elizabeth Fleming,” and there is a family of seven children.
, Coachbuilders, Octagon and Stuart Street, Dunedin. This business was established in 1865, and since then its history has been one of progress and prosperity; it is, in fact, now one of the largest and best known businesses of its kind in New Zealand. The principal, Mr. James Robin, is referred to in another article as a member of the Otago Harbour Board.
, Carriage Builder, Corner of St. Andrew and King Streets, Dunedin; Telephone 122; Bankers, National Bank of New Zealand; Private residence, St. Andrew Street. Founded in 1873 by Mr. Sinclair, who occupies large brick and wood premises, this business has long been prominent in its particular line in Dunedin. All classes of work are undertaken at the establishment, which gives employment to some sixteen skilled workmen. The excellence of the workmanship may best be illustrated by a reference to the exhibits which have been conspicuous at many local shows, and at the leading New Zealand exhibitions. From seventy to eighty first prizes have been gained by Mr. Sinclair, besides five special prizes as the largest prizetaker. At the New Zealand and South Seas Exhibition of 1889–90 he took three first prizes, and a special medal at the Wellington Exhibition of 1896. Mr. Sinclair is further referred to as a former member of the Dunedin City Council.
Cordial Factory, 130 Moray Place, opposite the Technical Schools, Dunedin. This factory is a two-storey building, constructed partly of brick, and has a floor area of about 5000 square feet. The specialty of the business is putting up hop beer, ginger beer, etc., in one-gallon stoneware bottles. For this branch of manufacture Messrs Sharpe Brothers have a thoroughly modern plant, which includes coppers and vats. The most valuable recipes obtainable, and as used by the most reputable firms in England, are possessed by the
was born at Millom, Cumberland, England, in 1870. When he was eighteen years of age his father died, and three years later his mother also passed away; and as he was the eldest of a family of eight, he supported and saw to the bringing up of his brothers and an only sister. In 1803 he married Miss Tilly Hocken, daughter of Mr Joseph Hocken, a prominent Wesleyan of Millom. For a time he was engaged in mining pursuits, and after a course of study, under Professor Lawn, now Principal of the Kimberley School of Mines, obtained Government certificates for both the elementary and advanced stages of the principles of mining, under the British Board of Education. In 1895 he, along with two younger brothers, established a mineral water and cordial business at Millom; but, owing to his ill-health, he was advised to seek a more genial climate. Therefore, in 1900, he left the business in charge of a younger brother and emigrated to New Zealand, to which his brother Percy had previously emigrated. While in England, Mr. Sharpe always took a keen interest in politics, and was a trustee of the Millom Liberal Association. He is a member of the Independent Order of Rechabites, and was secretary and also district representative for some time, of the Hope of Millom Tent. He is a life long total abstainer, an energetic temperance worker, a Sunday school teacher of long standing, and also a member of the Primitive Methodist Church. Mr. Sharpe's tastes are musical, and in 1903 he was appointed by the National Temperance League to organise a contingent of eighty voices to assist a choir of 5000 to sing at the National Temperance Demonstration held at the Crystal Palace, London. For some years he was conductor of the choir in one of the churches in his Home circuit, and after arriving in New Zealand he acted in the same capacity at the Abbotsford Primitive Methodist Church. After proving the climate of New Zealand to be more suit able than that of England to his health, he and his brother opened a cordial making business in Dunedin in 1903, and now trade as Sharpe Brothers.
was born in 1880, at Millom, Cumberland, England. He gained an intimate knowledge and experience in the cordial business under his brother, and also acquired a knowledge of butchering, so that, on arriving in New Zealand in 1900. he engaged with Mr. A Rennie, butcher, George Street, Dunedin, as head shopman, and also acted for a time in the same capacity for Mr. E. F. Lawrence, whose shop is reputed to be the largest butcher's shop in the Southern Hemisphere. Subsequently, on Messrs Blackwod Brothers taking over Mr. Rennie's business, he returned to the former shop until he joined his brother in the cordial business. He took an active part in the formation of the Butchers' Union, and is deeply interested in the political affairs of the colony, especially as regards labour, temperance and educational legislation. He is a lifelong abstainer, and a member of the Order of Rechabites. The Primitive Methodist Church is the church of his adoption, and he is a Sunday school teacher and local preacher in that society.
, Aerated Water and Cordial Manufacturers, Crawford, Bond, and Police Streets, Dunedin. Telephone, 187. Bankers, Bank of Australasia. Branches, Thomson, Lewis and Co., Wellington, Wanganui, and Otaki: Mitchell and Co., Invercargill. This business was established by the late Mr. Alexander Thomson, in conjunction with two other gentlemen, in 1866; a few years later his partners retired, and thereafter Mr. Thomson continued sole proprietor. The factory and offices are in a large, three storey brick building with cellar, and have 180 feet frontage to Crawford Street, the whole being admirably adapted for the purposes of the business. The principal machinery was made to the order of the firm by Messrs. Wayward, Tyler and Co., of London, the motive power coming from water and gas engines. Thirty
Directors: Messrs. A. McFarlane (chairman), A. Stuart, R. Roger, W. Nicholson, and J. Wright, Head office and Principal Factory, Great King Street, Dunedin. Bankers: National Bank of New Zealand. Butter Factories: Dunedin and Mosgiel, Creameries: There are forty of these; namely, Sundymount, Purakanui, Portobello, Wickliffe Bay, Brighton, Outram, Allanton, Hampden, Middlemarsh, Gladfield, Otakou, and others. Factory Manager, Mr. Walter Riddell. Business Manager, Mr. William James Bolt. Both Mr. Riddell and Mr. Bolt sat on the board of directors prior to their appointments at a critical period of the company's history. This large and prosperous co-operative company was established on the 15th of August, 1884, for the purpose of supplying Dunedin city with pure milk. There is a central depôt, to which the milk is sent direct from the farms, and whence it is distributed to consumers. This branch of the business has not been neglected, notwithstanding the great developments in batter making. Monthly payments are made to shareholders, who number about 450, and also to non-shareholders who are suppliers, numbering about seventy, in proportion to the returns received after deducting expenses, an advantage being gained by shareholders. Twelve distributing carts are employed daily to dispose of the milk in the city and suburbs. The capital of the company is £40,000 in 40 000 shares of £1 each, of which fifteen shillings per share has been called up. Since the introduction of separators, and the application of freezing to the various processes necessary for the production of good butter of uniform grade and flavour, the business of the Taieri and Peninsula Milk Supply Company has enormously increased, as is abundantly shewn by the returns which gave a turn-over of £5,494 in 1885, against £56,466 in 1897, and £194,658 15s. 1d. in 1902: of this last sum £175,612 13s. 5d. was paid to farmers for milk. The factory at Great King Street comprises a brick building with frontage of two-stories, erected on the company's freehold and having 132 feet to the main street. The company's offices and board room, which are finished in stained woods, occupy a position at the front; and there are residences for both the managers on the premises. The plant consists of two Hercules dry ammonia refrigerators (of a total of thirty tons), a steam engine with two forty-horse power boilers, and all the latest up-to-date appliances for producing the very best butter. The Great King Street building has been enlarged to twice the original size by the erection of a splendid factory, the cost of which, together with plant, was about £8,500; the total value of the company's property in Dunedin being £20,000. All the creameries are supplied with the De Laval A1 Alpha separator. It is a notable fact that during the year 1897, 2,350,684 gallons of milk were received, which, on test for value in butter fats, resulted in 2,393,347 gallons or 42,663 gallons more than the actual quantity received, suppliers getting this advantage under the system of purchase. During the same period 421 tons of butter were manufactured, of which 160 tons were shipped to England, Australia, and Africa, the rest being sold locally. In 1902 the milk purchased amounted to 6,715,934 gallons, which, at a 3£8 test, amounted to 7,128,199 gallons, which farmers were paid for. The butter made in the year 1902 amounted to 1404 tons. At the back of the section in Great King Street, the company's stables are situated; these are 132 feet long and contain twenty-two stalls, a like number of horses being required in the business. About sixty persons altogether are employed in the distribution of milk, and at the butter factories and creameries.
, Manager for the Taieri and Peninsula Milk Supply Company, was born in Dumfries-shire, Scotland, in 1837, and was educated at the parish school. He came to Dunedin by the ship “Grass-mere” in 1862, and two years later bought 1 md on the Peninsula, which he used for dairy farming. He was connected with the first
, Secretary and Business Manager of the Taieri and Peninsula Milk Supply Company, was born in Bristol, Gloucester, England, in 1835. He was educated at the Bristol grammar school, but went to sea as a youth, and had nine years' experience of a sailor's life. Mr. Bolt visited the Colonies in 1857, left the sea in 1861, and settled in Dunedin three years later, acquiring a dairy farm a few miles north of Dunedin, which he worked until 1892, when he was appointed to his present position. Whilst he was farming he was a member of the Waikouaiti county council for nine years, for two of which he was chairman of that body. During his long residence in Otago he took great interest in local affairs, until the business of the company demanded his undivided attention.
, Clothing Manufacturers, 9 Dowling Street, Dunedin. This business was established in 1897, on the first floor of a three storey brick building fronting Stafford Street, the total floorage space available being over 3000 square feet. Although the business is still young, many sewing machines are already in use, and about eighty persons are employed in the several departments of the factory, including cutting and finishing. The business, which is on strictly a wholesale basis, has already shown great expansion. Every description of garment is made to measure as required by the trade, and Messrs Baker and Morris have received every encouragement, their staff being fully employed, and overtime being frequently worked to cope with the pressure of business. Mr. Morris, who founded the business, is a son of the late Mr. M. Morris, of the firm of Morris and Seelye. He was born in 1874 in Dunedin, and was educated in that city.
(Thomas Brown), Importers of Drapery, etc., Tailors, Clothiers, Milliners, and Dressmakers, corner of Princes and Manse Streets, Dunedin; Bankers, Bank of New Zealand; Private residence, Broomland, Montecillo; London house, 95 Finsbury Pavement, E.C. Within twelve months after the first contingent of the Otago settlers landed in Dunedin, a small wooden building was crected on a hill near the corner of Princes and Manse streets. The premises, which were approached by a number of steps, were opened early in 1849, as a draper's shop, by Mrs. Bain, a widow. This enterprising lady was rewarded for her plucky attempt to establish the soft goods trade in this part of the Colony, by securing the support of the early settlers, and met with great success. Mr. J. Patterson (afterwards a member of several New Zealand Governments), who had a business not for away from this drapery establishment, subsequently entered into a matrimonial alliance with the widow, and the business changed hands. Messrs. Begg, Christie and Co. were afterwards the proprietors, and they likewise met with a considerable amount of success, the business being in consequence largely extended. Mr. John Ross became interested in the firm, and on the retirement of the two senior partners, was joined by Mr. Robert Glendining in 1862, under the style of Ross and Glendining, and for about three years this well known firm conducted a highly satisfactory business. Messrs. Brown, Ewing and Co. purchased the business from them in 1869, and since that year they have conducted a steadily developing trade. At the time of their establishment the partners were Messrs. Ralph Ewing, John Glendining, and Thomas Brown. Mr. Glendining, who retired from the firm many years ago, became a runholder in Hawke's Bay, and has since died, the business being conducted by Messrs. Ewing and Brown until 1893, when Mr. Brown became sole proprietor. The old wooden building, in which the business was conducted when Messrs. Brown, Ewing and Co. became purchasers, was removed, the firm having acquired the freehold of the land on which it stood, and it was replaced by a handsome three storey brick building with basement, which was finished in 1874. At the time when this structure was erected it was one of the finest and most complete business premises in Dunedin. Meanwhile, the volume of trade transacted by the firm had enormously increased, and the premises soon became too small; a site was therefore secured in Manse street, where a handsome three storey brick building with basement was erected to afford increased accommodation. A portion of this building is still used by Messrs. Brown, Ewing and Co. as a bulk store. In 1896, to provide still further accommodation for the growing business, two large shops, being portion of Wain's Hotel, were added, and now Messrs. Brown, Ewing and Co. have probably the largest frontage to a main street of any retail drapery house in the Colony, their freehold being over 90 feet to Princes street and over 100 to Mause street, and the leasehold from 50 to 60 feet additional to Princes street. In the five shops on the ground floor are five lending departments; namely, bespoke tailoring, men's clothing and mercery, general drapery, Manchester and heavy goods, carpets and general house furnishing. The basement is utilised for general storage purposes. On the first floor, which is reached by a wide and handsome stairway, are spacious and elegantly furnished show-rooms, where the latest fashions in all styles of millinery, mantles, dresses, and ladies' undergarments are displayed, there being also private apartments for fitting where special experts are in attendance. The public and private offices of the firm are also located on this flat. The top floor is occupied by the several manufacturing departments. The number of employees, including clerks, book-keepers and shop assistants, is over two hundred. Messrs. Brown, Ewing and Co. have in the course of their career as a leading drapery house, succeeded in obtaining a very large collection. They have many regular customers in all parts of the Colony, hundreds of miles distant from Dunedin; but, notwithstanding this disadvantage, orders are regularly sent direct to the firm, whose methods of doing business are of the most satisfactory character. Complete and perfect arrangements have long
, the Proprietor, was born in Northumberland, England, in 1840, and was apprenticed to the soft goods trade at Berwick-on-Tweed. Shortly after completing his term, he decided to emigrate to the Colonies, and arrived at the Bluff early in 1868 by the ship “Sir William Eyre,” after a weary passage of five months. Soon after reaching Invercargill, he joined Mr. Henry Reed, under the style of Reed and Brown, in a general store, and two years later removed to Dunedin, where he has since been known in connection with the large and successful drapery house of which he is now the sole proprietor. Mr. Brown took part in the municipal government of the borough of Mornington for several years, and was mayor for one term. Naturally æsthetic in his tastes, he has ever been ready to further any movement that would tend to increase the natural beauty of the scenery and surroundings of the streets, parks, and reserves of the city. He was one of the promoters of a society that has been very successful in its operations, the Scenery Conservation Society, better known as the “Amenities Society.” This association was established in 1887 to assist, both by advice and practical support, in beautifying the breathing spots or lungs of the city. Its operations have resulted in the many improvements which are patent to all who remember the condition of the Octagon, Triangle, Southern Market Reserve, and Jubilee Park, a few years ago. These reserves are now a credit to Dunedin, with their verdant lawns, the graceful foliage of their trees, and the beauty of the flower borders. Mr. Brown's lovely residence, “Broomland,” Montecillo, stands on one of the most picturesque sites in the neighbourhood, and gives exquisite and varied views of land and sea. Mr. Brown was married in 1865 in Dunedin to a daughter of Mr. James Lamb, of Kelso, Scotland, and has one surviving son, who is engaged in farming near Palmerstou.
Directors: Messrs. B. Hallenstein (chairman), H. E. Hart, E. Hallenstein, and W.Fels. Head office, High and Rattray Streets, Dunedin. Mr. Percy L Hallenstein, manager; Mr. W. Bowden, secretary; Telephone 284; P.O. Box, 342; Bankers, National Bank of New Zealand, Ltd. Branches: Cashel and Lichfield streets, Christchurch, Mr. E. C. Brown, manager, Mr. F. Aslin, secretary'; Panama and Brandon streets, Wellington, Mr. A. A. Corrigan, manager, Mr. J. Paul, secretary. London Office, 17 and 18 Basing-hall Street, E.C. Capital, £125,000 in 250,000 shares of ten shillings each, with power to increase to £250,000 in 500,000 shares. This extensive and successful company was founded by the present chairman, Mr. Ben-dix Hallenstein, in Dunedin, in 1884. The business was expanded by the establishment of the Christchurch branch in 1885, and subsequently by the Wellington branch in 1885. The head offices, principal warehouse and show-rooms of the D.I.O. in Dunedin are
situated in large brick premises with floor space equal to an acre and a half, and having large frontages to High and Rattray Streets. The counting-house is entered from High
, General Drapers and Outfitters, 174–176 George Street, Dunedin. This extensive business was established in 1879, on a site opposite the present premises; but owing to the large increase of trade, which necessitated more roomy premises, the business was moved in 1889 to the site it now occupies. The building, which is of brick, and two stories in height, presents a handsome appearance; and in the large show windows the goods are arranged with a taste and skill which show them to advantage. There are two main entrances, ending to the general drapery and outfitting department respectively. The show room, which is heavily stocked with a choice assortment of mantles, costumes and ladies' wearing apparel, has a floor space of 39 feet by 31 feet; the height to the collar beams of the ceiling being 25 feet. This department, and indeed all the interior of the building, is lighted by Wade's patent skylights, which have a superficial area of 510 feet of plate glass. In addition to this, there is a large mullioned window, the fanlights of which are made to open. Portable frames of wire netting are placed under the skylights in case of breakage, and the whole of the ceiling is diagonally lined in bold moulded panels, with large moulded, fret-cut ventilators, connected with the torpedo ventilators on the roof. The junction of the roof with the walls is finished with an enriched cut frieze and cornice for ventilation. The first floor and roof is supported on ornate castiron columns, and all the principal timber is of dressed kauri. On the first floor are the work rooms of the milliners, tailors, and dressmakers, the remainder of the floor being used for the storage of reserve stock. The gentlemen's fitting rooms, private office, parcel and cloak room, and ladies' waiting and fitting rooms, are on the ground floor, and there are lavatories at the back of the show rooms. Messrs Duthie Bros, command a large town and country business, and employ a number of hands in their work rooms, and there is also an efficient staff of capable assistants.
, Managing Director of the firm of Duthie Bros., Ltd., came to New Zealand by the ship “Jura,” in 1858, and for several years was in business in Palmerston and Tokomairiro. In 1897 he was created a Justice of the Peace, and for the past twenty years has faithfully discharged his duties as a member of several school committees, on which he has also served as chairman. As a Freemason Mr. Duthie is attached to Lodge St. Andrew, No. 432, Scottish Constitution.
(Daniel Haynes), Drapers and Clothiers, 8, 10 and 12 Princes Street, and 29 Octagon, Dunedin. Telephone, 563; Bankers, Bank of New Zealand. Private residence, Smith Street. Branch, Tay Street, Invercargill. London house, Herbert Haynes and Co., Portland House, Basinghall Street, E.C. The large and important business conducted by Messrs. Herbert, Haynes and Co. was established in 1861 by Messrs. George Herbert, Daniel Haynes, and A. R. Hay, under the style of Herbert, Haynes and Hay. The junior partner retired from the firm about eighteen months after its inception, and Mr. Herbert continued in the partnership till 1872, since which Mr. Haynes
was born in 1832 in Napton, Warwickshire, England, and the little education obtainable in those days was gleaned by him in the country school. At the age of thirteen he was engaged with a large drapery firm in Coventry, and with it he served a seven years' apprenticeship at a time when the week's work ran up to eighty-six hours, instead of the forty-four of the present day. On the completion of his time and after one week's holiday, Mr. Haynes made his way to London and was successful in getting into some of the best business establishments, where he gained an experience which has since been of inestimable value. In the early part of 1857, he decided to try his luck in New Zealand and
embarked in the S.S. “Lord Ashley,” which took over 150 days in making the voyage to Auckland. Mr. Haynes obtained a situation on arrival with Messrs. David Graham and Co., which he retained until he went to Dunedin and founded the present business. He has taken no part in public life, having found sufficient employment in
, Men's Mercer and Hatter, 100 Princes Street, Dunedin. Mr. Houston was born in Scotland, and came to Dunedin by the ship “James Nicol Fleming,” in 1875. He had been connected for many years with a large mercery business in the Old Country, and shortly after his arrival opened a shop in George Street, where he conducted a successful hosiery business. By keeping a first-class stock, and by honest and up-to-date principles, Mr. Houston's business increased to such large proportions, that in 1890 he opened up a branch shop in Princes Street. The following year he sold the George Street business and removed to the more commodious premises he now occupies. The building, which is of brick, is two stories in height, and the shop is 100 feet by 30 feet, with offices in the ground floor, and a large storeroom in the rear. Two large plate-glass windows serve to light the premises, and to display a varied assortment of goods of first-class quality. The stock comprises hats, caps, shirts, collars, ties, underclothing, pyjamas, umbrellas, rugs, and all gentlemen's requisites. Mr. Houston has a buyer at Home, and so gets his goods direct from the manufacturers, and obtains exactly what he wants without the expense of a middleman. He is the sole agent in Otago for Knox's American hats, and Johnston's London hats, of which a large stock is kept in all shapes and sizes.
(Alexander Mollison, James Mollison, and James Fawns Mollison), Drapers and Clothiers, 195–197 George Street, and 1–3 Frederick Street, Dunedin. Telephone, 696, Bankers, Bank of Australasia. London Agents, Messrs Edwards and Chynoweth. This successful business is an offshoot of the old firm of Mollison, Duthie and Co., established in 1879 by Messrs A. and J. Mollison in conjunction with Mr. John Duthie. In 1836 the firm was dissolved, but the Mollisons continued the business in the original portion of their present premises. The growth of the business necessitated extended accommodation, which was afforded by the removal of the old White Horse Hotel from the corner of George and Frederick Streets. The new premises consist of a handsome three-storied building with a basement, and the warehouse is the largest and most imposing in the northern portion of the city. The architecture of the central portion of the new building is in the Renaissance style, and is broken up with pediments surmounted with flag poles. Large oriel windows abut on George and Frederick Streets, and the corner facing Knox church is finished with a large plate-glass front. A handsome iron and glass verandah running round the front adds to the attractiveness of the building and the comfort of pedestrians. The ground floor of the original shop now forms one department, known as the dress and ladies' department. An elliptic stairway leads to the show room and ladies' fitting rooms. The new part of the building is entered through a nicely tiled doorway, with the name of the firm let into the tiles; this doorway leads into the clothing department. Off this there is a fitting room for gentlemen, the partitions of which are glazed with ornamental glass. Passing from this department, through a large artistic archway, the linoleum and carpet department is entered, and is found to be lighted from Frederick Street. Off this, again, there is the public office, where there is a the phone room, deafened so as to ensure privacy, for the convenience of customers. At the rear of the linoleum room, there is an entrance from Frederick Street, to the workrooms on the second floor. The main staircase is easily accessible to this department, and leads up to the show room, which is lighted from front to back. On going through an archway on the right hand side, the waiting room, three fitting rooms for ladies, and the mantle department are reached. The fitting rooms are finished with lead-lights of hand-painted glass, and a dado of salamander asbestos; and the ceilings are finished in the same way, with neatly cut cornices. Tiled gas stoves are provided for each room, thus ensuring the comfort of patrons and employees during the cold weather. Handsome lavatories are fitted up in this and in other portions of the building. The stock room is at the near of the fitting rooms, and the second floor is entirely devoted to the work rooms. The whole premises are exceedingly well lighted, and present a brilliant appearance when in full swing after dark. Mollisons are in a position to afford every facility to their customers and the public generally, both in the matter of extent of choice, and in the quality of materials. Through their London buyers they
, the Senior Partner, was born in 1823, at Laurencekirk, Kincardine, Scotland, where he was educated. In 1856 he landed in Lyttelton, by the ship “Egmont,” and went to Dunedin by the “Julia Ann,” a small vessel which took eleven days to perform the journey. After being engaged for a time in the store of Mr. John Mollison, his brother, and that of Messrs Harris and Young. Mr. Mollison started on his own account in 1808. Three years later he sold out, and had a short experience as a goldfields storekeeper, and subsequently settled on a farm at Waihola, where he remained twelve years. During the greater part of this time Mr. Mollison was a member of the Otago Provincial Council. For six years he held a contract for the cartage and delivery of goods arriving in Dunedin by rail. Ultimately with the late Mr. James Mollison he founded the present firm. Mr. Mollison was a member of the original Town Board of Dunedin, and was one of the first to join the old Fire Brigade. He has occupied a seat on the Roslyn Borough Council for several years. In 1853 Mr. Mollison was married to a daughter of Mr. Robert Forsyth, of Laurencekirk, and has a surviving family of live daughters and one son.
, who was a member of the well known firm of Mollisons, of George and Frederick Streets, Dunedin, was born in Montrose, Scotland. He came out to the colonies at an early age, and was educated in Dunedin at the Union Street school and Park school, now the High Street school. He was apprenticed to Messrs Brown, Ewing and Co., with whom he remained fourteen years, and joined Messrs Mollison, Duthie and Co., in 1879. Mr. Mollison was vice-president of the Dunedin Horticultural Society, secretary of the Arthur Street school committee, a member of the Dunedin bowling club, and one of the oldest members of the Deacon's Court of First Church. He was married, in 1877, to a daughter of Mr. McCorkindale, of Dunedin, and had two sons and one daughter. He died on the 15th of December, 1903, aged fifty-one years.
, only son of the senior partner, was born in Dunedin, and was educated and received his experience in the drapery business in his native city. After two years' connection with the trade in London, he returned to New Zealand, and has since been a partner in the firm, of which he is now (March, 1904) the only surviving partner.
(Hallenstein Bros. and Co., proprietors), Dowling Street, Dunedin. Telephone, 220. P.O. Box, 91. Bankers, National Bank of New Zealand. Retail branches at thirty-six towns from Invercargill to the north of Auckland. This well-known firm was established in 1873 in premises situated in Custom House Square—partly on the sites presently occupied by the buildings of the Bank of New Zealand and the National Insurance Company of New Zealand—but, as these premises were found insufficient for the largely-extending business, it became necessary for the proprietors to erect a more commodious building in Dowling Street, which has been occupied by the firm since 1883. This magnificent building, which is the headquarters of a splendid industry, was erected from plans prepared by Mr. Ross (late of Dunedin and now of Perth), the ideas for which were largely supplied by Mr. B. Hallenstein. Long before the Factory Acts were brought into force the New Zealand Clothing Factory, as at present conducted, was in full working order, and no change was made when the first Inspector of the Department visited the establishment. All needful precautions for the prevention of accidents had been anticipated, and every convenience required for the health and comfort of the large body of employees—mostly women and girls—had been supplied. In fact, the arrangement of every department of this huge concern reached the highest standard of perfection, and so much is this still the case that, should the building ever suffer from the ravages of fire, the proprietary would not know how they could improve any portion of the premises, and would at once rebuild on the present model. The building is a four storey brick structure, having sixty feet frontage to Dowling Street by a depth of two hundred feet, the whole of the premises being utilised
for the purpose of the factory with the exception of the front portion of the ground floor, which is occupied by the well-known firm of Messrs Michaelis, Hallenstein and Farquhar, tanners and leather merchants. Entering from Dowling Street, the visitor reaches the first floor by a grand staircase; the back portion of this floor is used as the warehouse, the front portion being divided by glazed partitions into offices, occupied respectively by Mr. Hallenstein, the founder, Mr. Hart, Mr. Fels, and Mr. E. Hallenstein, partners, and the head office staff of the firm. From the splendid, heavily stocked warehouse, the whole of the retail branches—which number thirty-six—are supplied with goods as required. The value of the stock, which comprises endless varieties of garments of all kinds—made on the two upper floors of the building—as well as large quantities of imported goods (mercery, hats, etc.), which are not made advantageously in the Colony, must be estimated by tens of thousands of pounds. The back portion of the ground floor, which communicates with the warehouse by a staircase, is used as a
, Importer of Drapery, etc., Colonial Mutual Life Assurance Society's Buildings, Princes Street, Dunedin. Bankers: Bank of New Zealand. Private residence, Rothesay. London House, Messrs Hurndall and Son, 115 Fore Street, E.C. Mr. Ross has his centrally situated business established in one of the fine shops which form a portion of the ground floor of the handsome pile erected for the Colonial Mutual Life Assurance Society. There are two show windows facing Princes Street, right opposite the old Colonial Bank buildings, and another window to the High Street frontage, directly opposite the Grand Hotel; all these windows are tastefully dressed and attractively display the variety of goods in stock. Through his London buyers, Mr. Ross imports general drapery and makes a specialty of gloves and umbrellas, in which he maintains a thoroughly up-to-date stock. The very latest styles in gloves and umbrellas are regularly shipped by direct steamers, and a large assortment from the best English, French, and Continental manufacturers may at any time be inspected. The whole of the ground floor of the premises is used as shop and show rooms, bulk goods and surplus stock being stored in the cellars below, Mr. Ross was born in Morayshire, Scotland, in 1854, and was educated partly in Caithness and partly in his native county, where he was brought up to the soft goods trade. After a thorough experience in business as carried on in Morayshire, he removed to London, where he was in some of the best business houses before deciding to make his home in the Colonies. Mr. Ross arrived at Port Chalmers in 1878, and for the first twelve years of his life in New Zealand was connected with the wholesale and retail soft goods houses in Dunedin, where he gained a thorough knowledge of the requirements of both branches of the trade, before establishing his business in 1890. Mr. Ross is further referred to as a member of the Otago Harbour Board.
, Clothing Manufacturers, Australian Mutual Provident Society's Buildings (top floor and part of second flat), Princes Street, Dunedin. Telephone, 237. Private residence, Mornington. Established in 1879 in the old Princess Theatre, High Street, by Messrs. Aiken and Pasco, the business was afterwards taken over by Mr. Goldwater, and subsequently acquired by Messrs. Morris and Levy; the latter dissolved partnership in July, 1885, Mr. Levy retiring, and the present proprietor joining the firm. Since Mr. Morris' death in 1890, Mr. Seelye, solely, has conducted the business. In the large, well-lighted workroom, which has both top and side windows, on the top floor, about eighty hands are busily engaged, twenty-one sewing machines being in use, besides three button hole machines. Adjoining are the offices and store-rooms, where trimmings of all kinds are kept in stock. There is a smaller workroom (where twenty hands are engaged) on the same floor, besides cutting rooms (with six expert cutters) and two press rooms. The girls' dining room, which is
(William Absolon Smith), Union Clothing Factory, Wholesale Tailors, 67 Princes Street, Dunedin. Bankers: Bank of New Zealand. Private residence, Vogel Street, South Dunedin. Mr. Smith began business as a retail tailor in 1875 in George Street, where he was established for fourteen years. He removed in 1889 to Union Chambers, where he has accommodation for a large number of work-people. The office and cutting-room are on the ground floor; in the work-room, on the first floor of the building, about fifty hands are engaged with eleven machines, the greater proportion of the work being done by hand. Mr. Smith receives support from all classes of the public, and does a considerable business in chart work, for which orders are forwarded from various parts of the Colony. He also does a considerable amount of work for the trade and imports direct all the tailors' trimmings required for the business, the tweeds used being mostly colonial. Mr. Smith was born in Wallingford, Berkshire, England, in 1845, and was educated at private schools in Oxford. He learned his trade in London, where he had special instruction as a cutter, and worked for about ten years at the West End before coming to the Colony in 1873, where he arrived in 1874, per ship “Dun-fillan” at Port Chalmers. He became cutter to Messrs. A. and T. Inglis, and afterwards to Mr. D. R. Hay, and commenced business on his own account in 1875. Mr. Smith was married in 1875 to a daughter of the late Mr Alexander Darling, but she died in 1878, leaving one son. He was married again in 1880, to a daughter of Mr. Joseph Walsham, of Dunedin, by whom he has four sons and four daughters.
, Merchant Tailor, 79 Princes Street, Dunedin. This business was founded by Mr. Fred Smith, who carried it on successfully for a number of years, and was acquired by Mr. Bedford in July, 1903. Since that time large improvements have been made, both in the establishment and the general business. The shop and workrooms occupy most of the first floor of the Mutual Life Chambers, and are well ventilated and lighted throughout. A large assortment of first-class tweeds, vicunas, and trouserings are kept in stock, and a specialty is made of evening dress clothes. The proprietor is also a practical ladies' tailor, and does a large business in riding habits and tailor-made gowns. Luxuriantly appointed fitting and trying-on rooms are provided for the convenience of patrons.
, the Proprietor, was born near Leeds, Yorkshire, England, in 1855, and arrived in New Zealand in 1886. A week after his arrival he was engaged by Messrs Herbert Haynes and Co., drapers, Dunedin, to start and manage a tailoring establishment in connection with their branch business at Invercargill. He remained in Invercargill for eight years, and during that time succeeded in building up a first-class business for his firm. Mr. Bedford then went to Wellington, where he was in charge of Messrs Kirkcaldie and Staines' tailoring department for eighteen months. There being no university college in Wellington at that time, he decided to remove to Auckland, in order to give his son, who had matriculated at Invercargill, the benefit of a college education. While in Auckland, Mr. Bedford was principal cutter for Mr. B. J. M. Kemp, one of the leading tailors there. He afterwards returned to Dunedin, and managed Messrs Herbert Haynes and Co.'s tailoring department for three years; then he went to occupy a similar position with Messrs Brown, Ewing and Co., with whom he stayed for eighteen months, before acquiring his present business in July, 1903.
, Merchant Tailors, 107 George Street, Dunedin. Mr. McLean opened his present business in September, 1899, and since then, has built up a large connection. He personally under-takes all the cutting and supervising of the establishment, and clients favouring him with orders are guaranteed satisfaction. The stock
was born in Manchester, England, in 1873, and arrived in New Zealand in 1881. For many years he was associated with his father in a tailoring business at Outram, Taieri, but feeling the necessity for more experience, and receiving an offer from Mr. Peter Aitken, tailor, Dunedin, he removed to the city, and remained in Mr. Aitken's establishment for a number of years, finally leaving him to start in business on his own account. Mr. McLean is an active member of the Kaikorai Brass Band, and as a Freemason is attached to Lodge St. Patrick, 463, Irish Constitution. He was married in 1990, and has one daughter.
, carrying on business as Merchant Tailors, at 72 Princes Street, Dunedin. Owing to the energy and ability of its proprietor, Mr. S. Smith, this business has advanced greatly since its foundation in 1895. The building, of brick and wood, is two stories in height, and stands on leasehold property in the busiest section of Princes Street. The shop is well stocked with first-class tweeds, worsteds, vicunas, and all classes of goods required for the bespoke trade, and as the proprietor is in touch with the best manufacturing houses in London, Glasgow, and the West of England, he receives the latest styles, and imports the best selected goods, thereby ensuring the most up-to-date fashions, together with reliable workmanship, to his clients.
was born in Bristol, England, and educated at the Friends Boys' British School. He arrived in New Zealand in 1881, and commenced his apprenticeship in the tailoring trade. After nine years he removed to Melbourne under engagement, and remained for five years, returning to Dunedin in 1895, and opening up the business he is now connected with. Mr. Smith, in order to gain the latest experience, recently paid a visit to the Old Country, and while there attended the Tailor and Cutter Academy in London, where, after a course of study, embracing all kinds of ladies' and gentlemen's garments, he passed the examination and secured a first-class diploma with honours. Students at that academy have to get from 95 to 100 per cent, in each subject in order to obtain honours. Mr. Smith has been an active member of the Loyal Albion Lodge of Oddfellows, Manchester Unity, and passed through the various offices on three occasions. He is also a member of the Kilwinning Otago Royal Arch Chapter. No. 116, Scottish Constitution, also Knight of Constantinople, St. Lawrence the Martyr, Secret Monitor, and Tyler of King Solomon. Mr. Smith is connected with the Starr-Bowkett Building Societies in Dunedin, and as he had been connected with a similar society in Melbourne, he, on his return to Dunedin, made the best use of the knowledge he had acquired of the interior workings of these societies, and set about the formation of one, afterwards known as the Dunedin Starr-Bowkett Building Society, which commenced operations in May, 1895. Mr. Smith has been a member of the Board of Directors since its inception. There are now five of these societies in Dunedin, and the success which has attended them proves them to be of great benefit to the people of Dunedin.
. Registered office, Corner of Octagon and Stuart Street, Dunedin. Telephone, 1363, Bankers, Bank of Australasia. Secretary. Mr J. A. Hopcraft. This successful society was established on the 18th of May, 1896, having a limit of 2,000 shares. As soon as the funds in hand amount to £500 an appropriation is made either by ballot or by sale. Up to the 1st of October, 1903, eighty-four appropriations had taken place, forty-two by ballot and forty-two by sale. On the 16th of December, 1901, the second group was formed; and up to 1903, 1700 shares had been taken up out of the 2000 to be issued. Subsequent to the formation of the second group sixteen appropriations were made up to the 1st of October, 1903; eight by ballot, and eight by sale.
, which was registered (under “The Building Societies Act”) on the 14th of July, 1896, is conducted on Starr-Bowkett principles, with rather more liberal provisions. Mr. Thomas Scott is the chairman, and Mr. A. A. Adams the secretary, and the office is situated at the Mutual Life Chambers, 79 Princes Street, Dunedin.
Head office, London; head office for New Zealand, 1 Lower High Street, Dunedin. Agencies at Invercargill, Timaru, and Christchurch. New Zealand Directors; Messrs A. W. Morris (chairman), and Crosby Morris; Mr G. H. Moodie, manager. This company was incorporated in 1864 with a capital of £1,000,000, in 200,000 shares at £5 each, of which 130,000 were issued, and the capital invested in properties in Canterbury, Otago and Southland. The greater number of shares are held by English capitalists.
, the Manager, was born in Glasgow, and came to Dunedin in 1862 by the ship “Pladda.” For six years after his arrival he was employed in the Intercolonial Royal Mail Steam Ship Company, which was afterwards merged into the Panama New Zealand and Australian Royal Mail Company. Mr Moodie subsequently entered the service of Messrs Dalgety, Rattray and Co., and in 1870 joined the Otago and Southland Investment Company, advancing through the various positions in the office until receiving his present appointment. He took a thirteen months' trip Home in 1874. Mr. Moodie is a widower, and has three daughters and one son.
(A. A. Adams, proprietor), 1 Exchange Court, Princes Street, Dunedin. This useful society, which was founded in 1892, undertakes the collection of debts, the winding up of estates (or arrangements with creditors), and the representation of absentees.
Directors, Messrs Keith Ramsay (chairman), Robert Glendining, James Haslett, and W. E. Reynolds. Managing Director, Mr. Walter Hislop. Offices, corner of Rattray and Vogel Streets, Dunedin. Telephone, 33. P.O. Box, 97. Bankers, National Bank of New Zealand. Solicitors, Messrs Bathgate and Woodhouse. Private residence of managing director, Royal Terrace. This company was incorporated in April, 1884, under “The Companies Act, 1882,” in order to provide a safe and permanent body having perpetual succession to act:—(1) as executor and trustee under a will; (2) as trustee under marriage or other settlements; (3) as trustee in place of other trustees who may wish to be relieved and discharged from their trusts; (4) as agent for executors, trustees, or administrators, or for any persons who may prefer to have skilled agents to act for them in the management and realization of estates; (5) as attorney under power, or agent, either for persons resident abroad or about to leave the Colony, or resident in the Colony; to invest money on real or other securities, collect rents, dividends, interest, and other income, negotiate loans, buy and sell land or other property, effect and keep on foot insurances, manage, sub-divide, or lease real estate, and to act generally as agent; another object was to acquire the goodwill of the land and estate agency
businesses of the firms of Messrs. Gillies, Street and Hislop, and Messrs Connell and Moodie. The former firm was established by the late Mr. Robert Gillies in 1860, the late Mr. Charles Henry Street joining the business in the following year, and Mr. Walter Hislop in 1876; the late Mr. John Aitken Councill and Mr. Thomas Moodie founded the firm of Connell and Moodie in 1862. The capital of the company is £106,250 in 25,000 shares of £4 5s., of which £92,093 5s. is subscribed, and £8,125 17s. 6d. paid up. To enable the company more fully and satisfactorily to carry on its business, and to act as aforesaid, a special Act of the New Zealand Parliament was applied for and obtained (session 1884), intituled “An Act to confer powers upon the Perpetual Trustees Estate and Agency Company of New Zealand, Limited,” a copy of which may be obtained, together with a copy of the company's Articles and Memorandum of Association, by any person, on application to the company. It is not surprising that the company should have been sucessful, seeing that Messrs. Hislop and Moodie—surviving partners of the old firms out of which the business was evolved—whose experience has extended over thirty-five years, continue to take an active part in the management of its affairs. Substantial dividends have been paid from time to time, the rate sometimes being twelve and a half percent.
, the Managing Director of the company, is a son of Dr. John Hislop, LL.D., and brother of the Hon. T. W. Hislop, solicitor, of Wellington. Born at Kirknewton, Midlothian, Scotland, in 1847, he received his early education at the parish school of which his father was the teacher. In 1856 the family arrived by the ship “Strathmore” at Port Chalmers, Mr. Hislop, senior, having accepted work under the Provincial Government of Otago, as master of the East Taieri school; and here the subject of this notice gained further instruction. On completing his course of study, Mr. W. Hislop had two years' experience on the farm of his uncle at Saddle Hill, and in March, 1862, entered the service of Messrs Gillies and Street, with whom he continued till he was admitted a partner fourteen years later. Mr. Hislop was married in 1871 to a daughter of Mr. James Brown, of Dunedin, and has four sons and two daughters.
. Directors: Messrs. S. S. Myers (chairman), T. Cole, C. Spright, J. Miller, C. Macandrew, and J. H. Hancock; secretary, Mr. P. Helmore, 95 Princes Street, Dunedin. This society was established in 1896, to enable its members to become property owners, without paying interest. It is in a flourishing condition, having 1,000 shares, held by 450 members.
Directors: Messrs P. C. Neill, J. R. Sinclair, J. M. Ritchie, J. Roberts, C.M.G., and J. Mills. Manager, Mr. William Laurence Simpson. Offices, Exchange Buildings, Liverpool Street, Dunedin. Telephone, 136; P.O.Box. 160. Bankers, National Bank of New Zealand. London agent, Mr. H. J. Gibbs, 34 Leaden-hall Street, E.C. This company, which was incorporated in July, 1881, is specially empowered to act as executor, trustee, liquidator, guardian, assignee, receiver, committee and attorney — in pursuance of the “Trustees, Executors and Agency Company Act,” ‘1882, and its amendment Act, 1884. The capital of the company is £50,000 in 10,000 shares of £5 each—with a liability for double that amount—which are fully subscribed, £10,000 being paid up. The reserve fund amounts to £2500, and dividends have been regularly paid since 1885, those since 1890 being at the rate of seven per cent. and to some has been added a bonus of three per cent. Copies of the company's report and balance sheet, which embody scales of charges and information as to the advantages of appointing the company as trustee and executor, may be obtained on application to the office either personally or by letter.
, Manager of the Trustees, Executors and Agency Company of New Zealand, Limited, was born in Kintore, Aberdeenshire, Scotland. He was educated at the Aberdeen Grammar School, and at the Universities of Aberdeen and Edinburgh, and was trained as a Scotch lawyer. Mr. Simpson came to Port Chalmers in January 1863 in the ship “Ben Lomond.” Shortly after landing he entered the Government service as clerk, and receiver of gold revenue on the Otago gold-fields, and was shortly afterwards appointed a warden and magistrate. He continued his service as magistrate and warden in all parts of the province for sixteen years. Mr. Simpson was appointed Resident Magistrate of Dunedin in 1879, and this office he held till December, 1882, when he retired from the Government service to take up the important position he now occupies as manager of the Trustees, Executors and Agency Company of New Zealand, Ltd. It may be mentioned that this gentleman was one of the liquidators appointed by the Supreme Court in connection with the Colonial Bank of New Zealand.
(Messrs. Ross and Glendining, proprietors). Head office, Vogel Street, Dunedin. Telephone, 602. Post Office Box, 251. Bankers: Bank of New Zealand. Mr. G. R. Cheeseman, general manager. Private residence, Royal Terrace. Colliery, Shag Point. This mine, which is 320 acres in extent, has been worked for about forty years, the output ranging from 25,000 to 30,000 tons per annum. The coal is known as a pitch coal and is valuable for both steam and household purposes.
, General Manager of the Shag Point Coal Company, was born in 1860 in Auckland, and was educated at the college and grammar school in that city. After two years' experience in the National Bank of New Zealand, he went to Dunedin in 1880 and became accountant at the Shag Point coal mine for a former proprietary. Mr. Cheeseman was appointed general manager in 1889. He has long been interested in athletics, and is a member of the Otago rowing club and the Carisbrook cricket club.
Directors (Dunedin): Sir H. J. Miller, M.L.C. (chairman), Messrs G. L. Denniston, Robert Hay, C.E., J. R. Sinclair, P. C. Neill, and K. Ramsay. Melbourne Local Board: Hon. J. Balfour, M.L.C., and Mr. Edward Baines. General Manager, Mr. George Joachim. Head office: 17 Vogel Street, Dune-din. Bankers: Bank of New Zealand. Private residence of general manager, Mornington. This prominent company, which is by far the largest producer of coal in New Zealand, was formed in 1881 to acquire the mines then owned and worked by the Westport Colliery Company, Ltd. Of its capital—£400,000—the whole is issued, £348,675 being on the Dunedin register, and £51,325 on the Melbourne register. On the incorporation of the company, the property comprised 5,430 acres of the Buller coal country, under two leases held for ninety-nine years from the Government and known as the Coalbrook-dale and Granity Creek leases. Unlike most collieries where expensive sinking, pumping, and haulage are necessary, the company's works are on a steep hill, the top of which—where the coal outcrops—is 1,800 feet above sea-level. Already more than 2,000,000 tons of splendid coal have been produced, and its quality is considered by the most competent authorities to be superior to any other known kind. H.M.S. “Calliope,” for example, which successfully steamed out of the harbour of Apia during a hurricane in 1889, where several German and American war-ships were lost, used coal from this well-known mine. The output for 1883 was 34,997 tons, and a steady increase has been maintained up to the present time, the total for 1903 reaching 563,000 tons. The coal is conveyed from the mines by inclines and railway trucks to the ship's side at the mouth of the Buller river. The company has expended large sums of money in opening up the property, and in providing trams and railways, rolling-stock, and plant, to bring its products to market; and the shareholders have reaped dividends varying from two and a half to ten per cent. It is estimated that over 50,000,000 tons of first-class marketable coal is yet to be won from these mines. More than 1000 persons are engaged, and, as the works are more fully opened up, the number of employees will be largely increased. The Union Steam Ship Company buys largely from the Westport Coal Company, and provides moans of transportation from Westport to the various colonial and intercolonial ports. Depôts are maintained in New Zealand at Christchurch, Dunedin, Nelson, Napier, Timaru, Oamaru, Wanganui, Westport, Wellington, Auckland, and Invercargill.
(Charles Henry Hayward and William Rowland Hayward). Furniture Warehousemen and Manufacturers, 103 George Street, Dunedin. This firm, which was established in 1889, maintains a stock of everything needful in household and office furnishings. In a large factory adjoining the warehouse all the furniture and upholstered goods sold by the firm are manufactured. Only competent workmen are employed in this branch of the business, and the woods used include kauri, rimu, totara knot, and kahmai or beech; rimu is used for decorating purposes, and kahmai, a very strong timber, for chair frames. The show room, which is roomy and well-lighted, contains an excellent collection of high-class and artistically finished furniture; and suites, bedsteads, chairs, tables, chests of drawers, wardrobes, etc., are so placed that the purchaser can see at a glance the merits of the article offered for sale. The firm does a large first-class business, giving employment to twenty-two workmen. Messrs Charles H. Hayward and William R. Hayward, the proprietors, were born in Otago, and are sons of the late Captain C. E. Hayward, who is fully referred
and F., (Francis Chapman Martin and Frederick Samuel Martin), Furniture and Piano Warehousemen, the Octagon, Dunedin. This business was established by Messrs Guthrie and Larnach, with the stock saved from their disastrous firein Princes Street in 1889. Mr. F. A. Hooper, who arrived from London under engagement to the firm, was installed as manager, find subsequently bought the business from his employers. In 1893, on account of the ill-health of his wife, Mr. Hooper disposed of the concern to Messrs F. and F. Martin, who had previously owned a large furniture manufactory in Moray Place, and a retail establishment in George Street. The show room of the premises is 165 long by 35 feet wide. and extends from the Octagon entrance to Bath Street. A large basement, filled with stock, is situated beneath the show room, and has an entrance on Bath Street, and another intermediate floor is used for manufacturing purposes. The whole establishment is crowded with every kind of household furniture, and the wants of the most fastidious are amply provided for in the array of high-class articles offered for inspection. Piaous and orgnus of English, German, and American manufacture, are also stocked by the firm. A largo staff of competent hands is employed in the cabinet-making, upholstering, mattress making and polishing departments of the business, and all articles sold can berelied upon as being exactly what they are represented to be.
, the Sensor Member of the firm, was born in Devonshire, England, in 1864. He completed his education in Nottingham, where he served an apprenticeship to the furniture trade. In 1883 he arrived in Auckland, and was for a year connected with Messrs Garlick and Cranwell, at that time the largest furniture warehousemen in the city. Subsequently he removed to crunedin, and was for nine years in the employment of Messrs A. and T. Injriis, in their furniture department. Then, in conjunction with his brother, Mr. Martin established a retail furniture warehouse in George Street, and a manufactory in Moray Place, and finally acquired the present business. He was married, in 1889, to a daughter of Mr. David Kirkpatrick, of Auckland, and has a family of three sons and three daughters.
, the Junior Member of the firm, was born in Devonshire, England, in 1870. After serving an apprenticeship with his brother, he entered into partnership with him. and is at present the leading salesman of the establishment. Mr. Martin was married, in 1897, to a daughter of Mr. Hetherington, of Saddle Hill, and has three sons and one daughter.
, (R. Chisholm, Managing Director), Cabinetmakers and Upholsterers, Furnishing Warehouse, Corner of Rattray and Maclaggan Streets, Dunedin. Telephone, 209. Post Office Box, 310. Bankers: National Bank of New Zealand. Factory: Rattray Street (above the warehouse and showrooms), Private residence: Mr. Chisholm, Ross Street, Roslyn. An interesting description of the firm is here reproduced from “New Zealand Scenery and Public Buildings.” published in 1895” by the Otago Daily Times and Witness” company, Ltd. “'The wellknown firm of Messrs. Scoullar and Chisholm. furniture manufacturers and importers, had its origin in a very humble way about thirtytwo years ago. Among many others who, in the sixties, came over from Victoria to seek their fortunes in the newly discovered goldfields of Otago, were Mr. Henry North and Mr. Arthur Scoullar, the original partners in the firm. Like good colonists, they were willing and ready to turn their hands to anything they could find to do, and the building trade being, on their arrival in Dunedin, particularly brisk on account of the demand for house accommodation, they had no difficulty in securing work for a time at remunerative wages as house-carpenters. Securing an unpretentious building at the corner of Canongate and Rattray Streets, which had for many years served the purpose of a slaughterhouse in connection with the butchering business then carried on by the late Mr. George Duncan, they subsequently started manufacturing furniture for the firm of Key and Beswick, then in business in Dunedin. Soon afterwards, however in 1863 Messrs, North and Scollar, with the view of commencing business on their own account, leased a wooden building at the corner of Rattray and Macclaggan Streets, which, though a onestorey, dilapidated structure, was dignified by the name of the Shakespeare Hotel, and this building they converted into a furniture warehouse. Success attended their efforts they had but little opposition—and they speedily found their business increase to such an extent as to necessitate their obtaining additional assistance. In July, 1868, Mr. R. Chisholm entered their service, and, the business continuing to prosper, the old Shakespeare Hotel had to give way to a substantial, three-storey stone and brick warehouse, while the old slaughterhouse, which had up to that time served as a workshop, was displaced by the extensive factory that now exists. A few years later the firm's business had assumed such dimensions that it was found necessary to extend the already large warehouse to the full extent of the land available, thus making it one of the largest furniture warehouses south of the Line. In 1880, Mr. North retired from the business, and Mr., Chisholm (who had for many years served the firm) becoming a partner, the name of the firm was changed to Scoullar and Chisholm. Such is the reputation of the house throughout New Zealand that its name alone is regarded as a sufficient guarantee of the workmanship and design of every article produced by the firm. At the Wellington Industrial Exhibition in 1885, Messrs. Scoullar and Chisholm obtained the only gold and silver medals that were awarded for furniture and furnishings, and their goods were in such demand, and were so much admired by leading citizens in Wellington during that exhibition, that they decided to extend their business to the capital. Securing a site on Lambton Quay, they erected a handsome, four-storey brick and stone warehouse, with the factory —a substantial brick building fitted up with machinery and all the latest improvements—behind it, and Mr. Scoullar removed to Wellington to take charge of the business there. At the New Zealand and South Seas Exhibition in 1880.90, the firm again took a first class award, and the Onslow pavilion, fitted up as a hall, dining-room, drawing-room and bed-room, constituted in itself
. Managing Director of Scoullar and Chisholm, Limited. was born at Scotlandwell, Kinross-shire, Scotland. He was educated at the Free Church school in the parish of Portmank, and arrived at Port Chalmers, Otago, by the ship “Three Bells” in the year 1858. During the first years of his residence in Dunedin he served an apprenticeship to carpentry, and afterwards worked at his trade as a journeyman. Before being apprenticed he herded cows for two years on the land now covered by High Street and Stafford Street, and remembers the time when the tide banked up to the corner now occupied by the premises of Scoullar and Chishol, Limited. Mr. Chisholm has long taken a prominent part in connection with public affairs. He was Mayor of the borough of Roslyn for three years. After being for many years a member of the Otago Benevolent Institution, he was its chairman for three years. He has been chairman of the United Districts Charitable Aid Board and of the Otago District Hospital Board; was for a number of years president of the Otago Rugby Union, of which he is still a member; he is also one of the visiting Justices of the Dunedin gaol, and has been chairman of the Retailers' Association since its inception. Mr. Chisholm married a daughter of the late Mr. T. Thomson, of Dunedin, and has one son and three daughters. He is further referred to in other articles as a former member of the Dunedin City Council, and as having been Mayor of Dunedin from 1899 to 1901.
(C. B. M. Branson. Proprietor), corner of Great King and St. Andrew Streets, Dunedin. This hotel is now (1904) one of the best equipped and most popular hotels in the city. The management is superintended by Mr. Branson, who is supported by a large staff of experienced assistants.
(William Henry Skitch. proprietor), corner of Walker and Hope Streets, Dunedin. Bankers, Bank of New Zealand. The original hotel of the same name, on the same site, was one of the oldest hostelries in Dunedin. It was destroyed by fire in 1874. when the present stone building was erected. The house has a two-storey frontage on Walker street and three stories on Hope Street, and is the freehold property of the proprietor. It contains thirty rooms. including dining and sitting rooms. Standing on an elevated site, it commands a view of the city and harbour, and is within easy distance of the Post Office and the central business premises of the city. The Caledonian Hotel is a family and commercial house, and receives a large patronage from country visitors. It was taken over by the present proprietor in August, 1903, when it was thoroughly renovated and improved.
, Proprietor of the Caledonian Hotel, was born in Bendigo, Victoria, in 1860, and was educated in his native place, He came to Otago in 1872, and was apprenticed to Messrs A. and T. Burt, Limited, engineers. After serving that firm for seven years, he took possession of the West Coast Hotel, which he conducted till 1889. During the next three years he made one or two visits to the Australian colonies and in 1892 took over the Rising Sun Hotel, where he remained until he acquired his present property. Mr. Skitch is a keen sportsman; he has been president, and is now vice-president, of the Dunedin Gun Club, with which he has been connected from its foundation. He has been a member of the Dunedin Cricket Club for many years, and he is now (1904) its captain; and he is a member of the committee of the Otago Cricket Association. He has also acted as umpire in important representative matches. Mr. Skitch was a member of the Dunedin Fire Brigade for five years, and represented Dunedin in team competitions. He is well known throughout New Zealand as an athlete, and as a winner of valuable trophies, here and in the other colonies. Mr. Skitch is also a member of the Caledonian Society. As a Freemason he is a member of Lodge Hiram, No. 46, New Zealand Constitution, and one of its Past Masters. Mr. Skitch was married in 1881, to a daughter of the late Mr. George Mariner, an old identity in Dunedin, and has a family of two sons.
(William Collie, proprietor), corner of Great King and Albany Streets, Dunedin. This old established and well known hostelry, which is situated opposite the Albany Street Post Office, is the freehold property of the proprietor. It is a compact building of two stories, and contains sixteen rooms. Since Mr. Collie took possession of the establishment, in 1903, considerable improvements and re-furnishings have been effected. The large yard at the back of the premises is asphalted, and stabling, including stalls and a loose box, is provided.
was born in 1848 in County Clare, Ireland, and was educated in Victoria, whither he was taken at the age of ten years. Both his parents were Scotch and originally belonged to Inverness. He was brought up to the trade of a bookbinder, and was for over thirteen years with the firm of Messrs George Robertson and Co., of Melbourne. In 1883 he arrived in New Zealand, and was engaged by Messrs Erskine and Whitmore, of Invercargill, with whom he continued for upwards of ten years, becoming manager of their manufacturing department. In 1893 he took over the Park View Hotel, Invercargill, and, about twelve months later, became landlord of the Criterion Hotel, which he left to take over the “Central” in Dunedin. Subsequently he took over the Southern Hotel, and in 1903, purchased his present property. He is a member of the Order of Foresters, being attached to Court Star of the South, Invercargill. Mr. Collie was married, in 1897, to a daughter of the late Mr. R. M. Clark, of Taranaki, and has three sons and three daughters.
(W. J. Waters, proprietor), Princes Street and Moray Place, Dunedin. Telephone 603. P.O. Box 212. Bankers, National Bank of New Zealand. This favourite and first-class hotel is a handsome three storey stone and brick building with large frontages to Princes Street and Moray Place East, and has for many years been a favourite hotel with tourists and commercial men. It contains forty-five bedrooms, four sitting rooms, ladies' drawing rooms, commercial and reading rooms, and a beautiful well lighted dining room capable of seating eighty guests. The ground floor accommodates the public and private bars, which are stocked with the best spirits, wines, and cigars obtainable; and a large billiard room and private office are also on the same floor. The main entrance is from Princes Street, and a fine broad stairway leads from the entrance hall to the first floor, which has the dining room, commercial room, and ladies' drawing rooms. There are bathrooms with hot and cold water and shower connections in each storey. The hotel in its construction is as nearly fire proof as possible, and handsome iron balconies, with concrete floors on each storey, afford every facility for escape in case of fire. There are several well lighted sample rooms for the use of commercial men. The whole house is furnished with taste and luxury, and the comfort of the guests is the study of the host and hostess. The City Hotel occupies a most central position, within a short distance of the Post Office, banks, warehouses, railway station and wharf.
, Proprietor of the City Hotel, was born in Kent, England. He was taken as a child to Australia, and arrived in Dunedin in 1864. For over thirty-nine years he was engaged in hotel-keeping at Port Chalmers, where he owned the leading hotel, but owing to No License being carried in the district, his house was closed in 1903, when he entered into possession of the City Hotel, the popularity of which is ably maintained by him. Mr. Waters is a volunteer of very old standing. He was a member of the L Battery and Port Chalmers Navals, and retired after twenty-five years of service with the rank of captain and the Victoria decoration. He has taken a great interest in all classes of sports—shooting, cricketing, yachting and rowing, and is a vice-president of numerous clubs. Mr. Waters is married, and has a family of seven children.
(Dunedin Coffee Palace Company), Moray Place, Dunedin. P.O. Box, 196. Bankers: Bank of Australasia. This splendid private hotel was built by Mr. R. Hudson, J.P., in 1880. The building is a handsome four storey brick structure. On the ground floor on one side of the main entrance is the public luncheon-room, where luncheon is served daily from 12 noon to 2 p.m; next to this is a large sample-room; then the kitchen and other offices situated at the rear of the premises. A splendid dining-room with seating capacity for seventy guests, and connected with the kitchen by a lift, is situated on the first floor, with a comfortable smoking-room and a handsomely furnished drawing-room en suite, together with two very large bedrooms and lavatories on the same floor. The second floor has a cosy private parlour, and eighteen good bedrooms, besides bath-room with hot and cold water laid on. In all there are twenty-four bedrooms,
, formerly Proprietor of the Coffee Palace, was born in 1834 in Hamburg, where he was educated and trained for a mercantile life. In 1852, he came out to the Colonies and spent ten years in Maryborough, Victoria, during the last four of which he was in business as an ionmonger. He landed in Dunedin in 1862, and after a short experience on the diggings he entered into business as a storekeeper at Lawrence, Tuapeka goldfields, till 1880, when he removed to Dunedin. For eleven years Mr. Meyer was in business in Roslyn as a store-keeper, baker, etc. During his residence in that suburb he was on the local borough council for about five years, and also a member of the local hospital committee, and other institutions. He was married in 1860 in Victoria to a daughter of Mr. Barker, of Suffolk, England, and has seven daughters and seven sons.
(James and John Watson, proprietors), High Street, Dunedin; Telephone 128; Post Office Box 106. This fine hotel, which was established by the present proprietors in 1874, is a brick building of three stories. The “Commercial” was conducted by Messrs. Watson till October, 1883, when they entered into possession of the Grand Hotel, then just completed. The brothers were well known as proprietors of that splendid establishment for the succeeding ten years, when they again became landlords of the house they now conduct.
(Mrs Cornish, proprietress). Corner of Lower Rattray and Cumberland Streets (opposite the Triangle, Gardens, Railway Station, and Wharves), Dunedin; Telephone 578; Post Office Box 317. This splendid hostelry, which occupies a fine corner section, is three stories in height, and contains superior accommodation. On the ground floor are situated the bar, Dunedin jockey club-room, lavatories, kitchen, and other conveniences. The first floor contains private apartments, a large smoking-room, and a spacious dining-room capable of seating some fifty persons, while the second floor is entirely devoted to bedrooms, sitting-rooms, drawing-rooms, and bath-rooms. The situation is one of the most convenient in Dunedin, and the menu is all that can be desired. The “Terminus,” though situated in a busy locality, is one of the quietest hotels in the city, and can be recommended as a decidedly first class house.
, sometime proprietor of the Terminus Hotel, was a native of Cornwall, England, having been born at Launceston in 1834. He came out to the Colonies in 1852, landing at Adelaide, South Australia, had some experience of life on the diggings, and for some time kept a hotel at Hawkesbury, Mount Benger. At the time of the Gabriel's Gully “rush” in the sixties he came to New Zealand, and was afterwards proprietor of several hotels in the city; namely, the old “Royal,” Walker street (till 1882), the London Hotel, corner of Princes and Jetty streets (till 1889), and the “Central,” Princes street (till May, 1897). He then owned the “Terminus” till the time of his death, which took place on the 2nd of December, 1903. His widow and family still carry on the business.
(P. Keligher, proprietor), corner of Rattray and Maclaggan Streets. Telephone, 978, P.O. Box 220. This old established hotel, which is centrally situated at the corner of Rattray and Maclaggan Streets, is a fine brick building containing over fifty rooms. It is a favourite calling place with travellers and country visitors and families. The main entrance from Rattray Street opens into a spacious passage. Thence the visitor may enter the large dining room, which has seats for fifty guests. The commercial room, reading room, and billiard room are reached from the same passage. On the first floor there are several private sitting rooms, bedrooms and a drawing room for ladies. The second storey contains both single and double bedrooms. There are bathrooms with hot and cold water, and lavatories, on each floor. The whole establishment is furnished in good taste, and the visitor is sure of every comfort and attention, Water-hose are placed in convenient and accessible places in each flat in case of fire, and the fine balconies which run round both the first and second stories, give every facility for escape., However, as the house is constructed of brick, it is practically fire proof. The cookery of this hotel is well known in Dunedin, and the number of daily visitors at luncheon and dinner proves that the dining room is a feature of the establishment. The bar, which is separated from the main portion of the hotel, has a reputation for the quality of its liquors and cigars. The domestic arrangements are under the personal supervision of Mrs Keligher, one of the most popular landladies in Dunedin.
Is a New Zealand colonist of over forty years' standing, and came from Australia to the gold rush in 1863. He began business as a licensed victualler in the European Hotel in George Street, and in 1877 took possession of the “Crown.” It was then a small wooden building, but, the business progressing with the growth of the city, it is now a handsome structure, and one of the leading and favourite hotels of Dunedin.
(Roderick Mackenzie, proprietor), corner of Dowling and Princes Streets, Dunedin. This handsome hostelry occupies a conspicuous position in the centre of the city, and is within three minutes' walk of the railway station, post and telegraph offices. Notwithstanding the fact that the hotel is comparatively a new building, it
was born in the Highlands of Scotland in the year 1856. He was brought up to agricultural and pastoral pursuits, and came out to Victoria in 1881, arriving in New Zealand three years later. Since settling in Otago, Mr. MacKenzie has been landlord of the Rising Sun Hotel for three and a half years, of the Caledonian Hotel for over a year, and purchased the Farmers' Arms at Balclutha shortly before the passing of the prohibition vote. In 1894, Mr. MacKenzie entered into possession of the Oban Hotel, whence he removed to the “Excelsior” in 1900. He is an enthusiastic member of the Caledonian Society, of which he is a vice-president, and acts as a judge of dancing and bagpipe music. He is also a chieftain of the Dunedin Gaelic Society. As a member of the Order of Foresters, he is attached to Court Pride of Dunedin, and as a Freemason he is a deputy-steward of Lodge Celtic No. 477, S.C. Mr. McKenzie was married in 1889 to a daughter of Mr. T. Race, of Kaitangata, and has three sons and one daughter.
(John Collins, proprietor), Maclaggan Street, Dunedin.
, Proprietor of the Gladstone Hotel, is a native of Ireland, and came to New Zealand by the “Christian McCausland” in 1873. He began business as a licensed victualler in the George Hotel, Port Chalmers, and after four years sold out and bought the Pelichet Bay Hotel, which he subsequently let, to take possession of the “Gladstone,” which now enjoys the reputation of being one of the most comfortable and popular hotels in Dunedin. Mr. Collins has always taken a great interest in social matters. He is an ardent and well known bowler, a member of the Dunedin Jockey Club and the Caledonian Society, and has won several trophies at the Caledonian games.
Mr. Collins is married, and has, surviving, a family of six.
(Joseph A. Ainge, proprietor), corner of Princes and High Streets, Dunedin. Telephone 537. P.O. Box 96. This hotel, which cost over £40,000, takes rank as one of the finest houses in the Southern Hemisphere and occupies a commanding site, in the business centre of Dunedin, within a minute's walk of the Post Office, Bank of New Zealand, railway station and wharf. The building is constructed of stone and concrete, and contains five floors, exclusive of the basement. The chief entrance is from High Street, by handsome glass folding doors, through which visitors pass into the central hall or vestibule, with its beautiful mosaic floor and decorated glass dome. The ground floor accommodates the offices, the public bar with its entrance from Princes Street, a large commercial room, with space for one hundred persons, two luggage rooms, a beautifully decorated private bar, and a most commodious and comfortable smoking and writing room, which is supplied with the best current literature of the day. Guests have a choice of ascending by a fine stairway, or by the powerful Otis elevator, which communicates with the various floors of the house, to the gallery which surrounds the hall on the first floor. This gallery is used as a lounge by lady visitors. The dining room is a palatial apartment, capable of seating one hundred guests. Its cornices and panels are exquisitely decorated. When the room is fully laid out for half-past six o'clock dinner it presents a truly sumptuous appearance. A serving pantry, which opens into the dining hall, communicates with the kitchen, where a first-rate master cook is helped in his important duties by several experienced assistants. This floor has a large private writing and smoking room for the use of visitors only, and also a beautifully furnished drawing room, from the windows of which guests have a full view of the traffic of the main thoroughfare. There are also several suites, each with its sitting room and bedrooms, on this flat. The second and third floors contain the bedrooms. On each of these floors there are two bath rooms, with hot and cold water, and shower connections. The whole hotel is furnished with a degree of luxury and taste seldom seen except in the leading hotels of Europe. Two beer cellars and a large wine cellar are in the basement, and are stocked with the best and most expensive brands of wines, liquors, and cigars; indeed Mr. Ainge has a colonial reputation for these, and his stock is the largest connected with any hotel in the colonies. The building is considered to be as nearly as possible perfectly fire-proof, and insurance companies regard it as one of the best risks in the colonies. Every advantage has been taken by the architect in its construction to provide easy ways of escape in case of fire. The total number of rooms is 110, of which seventy are bedrooms. The bars, which are separated from the main portion of the hotel, are supplied with only the best liquors, wines and cigars. The “Grand” is one of the oldest established hotels in Dunedin, but the present building was erected about 1880. It is a favourite house with tourists, and has been patronised by His Excellency the Governor and suite. Altogether, the appointments, cookery, and general management of the Grand Hotel entitle it to a prominent place amongst Australian hotels of the first order.
, Proprietor of the Grand Hotel, was born in Edinburgh, Scotland, and educated at Daniel Stewart's Institution, one of the Merchant Company's Colleges. He was for five years engaged in mercantile life in Leith. Subsequently he spent two years in London, and after his arrival in New Zealand was for twelve years employed in the popular service of the Union Steam Ship Company. In 1890 Mr. Ainge retired from that service and purchased a hotel in Port Chalmers; but some time afterwards lost his license through reduction. For eighteen months he carried on the Pier Hotel at Dunedin, but sold out his interest to purchase the Seacliff Hotel, which he also sold after six years of prosperous management. In 1901 he took possession of the Grand Hotel. Mr. Ainge is married, and Mrs Ainge superintends the domestic portion of the establishment. There is a family of two sons, who at present (1904) are studying at the Waitaki High School, near Oamaru.
(Alexander Gray, proprietor), corner of Stuart Street and the Octagon, Dunedin. This long established and popular hotel is named after the town of Oban in Argyleshire, Scotland. It is a two-storey brick building of twenty-five rooms, including sitting-rooms, commercial and private parlours, and numerous well furnished bedrooms. An iron balcony surrounds the Stuart Street side of the building, affording escape in case of fire. The hotel, which has long been patronised by country visitors, is in the very heart of the city, within a few minutes' walk of the new railway station and
, The Proprietor, Is Ably Assisted By Mrs Gray. He Is Further Referred To In Connection With The Dunedin Pipe Band.
(Water Binsted, proprietor), Princes and Manse Streets, Dunedin. Telephone, 1107. P.O. Box 219. This high class hotel is a very imposing building of stone and brick, with frontages to Princes and Manse Streets, and occupies the block between these two streets. The Princes Street portion is five stories in height, and the Manse Street frontage three stories. The ground floor next Princes Street is occupied by the private bar and other offices, with the approach to the dining room and commercial room. Several private sitting rooms are situated on the first floor which is reached by a broad staircase of easy ascent; and similar stairs lead to the second, third, and fourth stories. The commercial and reading room is a large, luxuriously furnished apartment, overlooking the busy thoroughfare of Princes Street. On the same floor there are several private sitting rooms, with pleasant outlooks to the city and harbour; also a finely proportioned dining room, capable of accommodating from seventy to eighty guests, and a large billiard room, well lighted from the roof, and supplied with two billiard tables. The second and third stories are taken up chiefly by bedrooms. From the second and third stories an unsurpassed view of the city, harbour, and peninsula, with the Pacific Ocean in the distance, is obtained. The new portion of the hotel, facing Manse Street, contains bedrooms, sitting rooms and a waiting room. There are bath rooms and lavatories on each flat, with hot and cold water and shower connections. The bedrooms are supplied with electric bells, and nearly every bedroom has the luxury of a fire place. The house contains about eighty rooms. “Wain's” has long been regarded as one of the leading houses in the Australasian colonies, and is furnished with a luxury, and managed with an ability worthy of its reputation. Tourists from all parts of the globe frequent “Wain's”, which is also held in high favour by country families. The bars, in both Princes Street and Manse Street, are separated from the other portions of the hotel, and are supplied with only the choicest liquors and cigars. The building, which was erected at a cost of over £30,000, is designed and finished with the object of making it as near fire proof as possible, and every facility is provided for escape in case of fire. The hotel is an architectural ornament to the city, and for comfort and good management is surpassed by no other hotel in the colonies
(Richard Brinsley and Philip Spence Bett), Ironfounders and Range Manufacturers, Cumberland Street, Dunedin. Bankers: Bank of New Zealand. Private residences: Mr. Brinsley, Castle Street; Mr. Bett, Belleknowes. The business conducted by this firm was established in June, 1895, on a quarter-acre freehold section, upon which a brick building having 2,400 square feet of floor space has been erected. The premises include office, fittingshop, and foundry, steam-power being used for driving the polishing, drilling and boring machines, emery wheels, etc. There is a cupola with melting capacity up to two tons at a time. Messrs. Brinsley and Co. are the patentees of the celebrated Champion ranges, which are well-known and popular for household purposes, and the principle of which is that the draught concentrates the heat on the oven so as to economise fuel and does not waste heat on the outside plates. There is a steady demand for these ranges, orders being fulfilled for all parts of the colony, from Auckland to the Bluff, and the business has increased exceedingly during recent years. The firm has successfully exhibited at the various local shows in different parts of the Colony. Messrs Brinsley and Co. are also patentees for Champion furnace fittings for building-in coppers, the word “Champion” being their registered trade mark. Mr. Brinsley was born in Victoria in 1860, and was educated at public schools in that colony. He came to Dunedin in 1880, and gained general experience in the trade till he founded the business under notice. Mr. Bett who is a son of the late Rev. Mr. Bett, of Dunedin, was born at East Taieri in 1866, and was educated at Tapanui public school, Milton high school, and at the Normal school, Dunedin. He was brought up to banking; was four and a half years in the Colonial Bank and ten and a half years in the National Bank, and was for some time accountant at Balclutha. Mr. Bett retired from the bank and joined Mr. Brinsley in October, 1897.
(Alexander Burt, managing director), Machinists, Engineers, Iron and Brass Founders, Coppersmiths, etc., the Otago Lead, Copper, Brass, and Engineering Works, Cumberland Street, Dunedin. Warehouse and offices, corner of Stuart and Cumberland Streets. Telephones, 3, 10, and 7. P.O Box, 15. Bankers, Bank of New Zealand. Cable address, “Burt, Dunedin.” Codes, A.B.C. and A.I. Branches, Wellington and Christchurch. Marine Brach, Port Chalmers. Residence of managing director, York Place. This well-known and old established firm was originally started in a small and unpretentious fashion by the present managing director, with the assistance of the late Mr. Thomas Burt, who died in 1884. The small premises in which the brothers commenced operations in the Octagon in 1862, as plumbers and gasfitters, were indeed petty in comparison with the firm's present establishment. Fortunately for Messrs. A. and T. Burt, there was, owing to the Otago gold discoveries, a vast influx of population about the time of the establishment of their first shop, and the impetus given to the building trade was such that they speedily found their premises far too small. From time to time the building was enlarged till the entire site was fully covered, and yet the business developed at a still more rapid rate, so that within four years it became imperative to find more space to accommodate the ever increasing plant, and
to afford reasonable room for the additional workmen. A large section having been secured in Princes Street, the firm erected new buildings, consisting of warehouse and workshops, and of these they took possession in 1866. Six years later Messrs. Burt found these buildings also too small, and, as the value of land had enormously increased in the centre of the city, they purchased land in Cumberland Street, where a new factory was erected, and is still a hive of industry, which it is an inspiration to visit. The building occupied for the various departments of the company's operations stands on an area of one acre and a half in extent. The large, three storey
was born in Stirlingshire, Scotland, and was brought up to his trade in Glasgow. He came to Melbourne in 1859, and two years later he was at the Gabriel's Gully “rush” in Otago, and settled in Dunedin in 1862. Mr. Burt was for three years a member of the Dunedin City Council, and for a like period occupied a seat on the Harbour Board. He has ever taken a keen interest in technical education, and has been president of the Dunedin Technical Classes Association since its establishment.
(Alexander Black), Engineers, Iron and Brass Founders, Crawford Street, Dunedin. Telephone, 213. Bankers, Bank of New Zealand. Private residence, Maitland Street. This business was founded about the end of 1874, by the present owner in conjunction with the late Mr. Thomas Cossens, who died on the 25th of March, 1891. The site on which the works stand measures 209 by 148 feet, and is the firm's freehold, the buildings being erected in brick. The first building, which was but forty-four feet square, still forms a portion of the foundry, which has been frequently enlarged; the latest additions consist of a workshop, 102 × 44 feet, and a commodious block of offices, two stories in height, along the street line. The lease of a piece of ground adjoining has also been acquired, in order to increase the yard space. These additions have been found absolutely necessary to meet the ever increasing volume of the trade. The plant is worked by steam generated in a fine twenty horse power boiler, which drives a fourteen horse power horizontal engine, made by Messrs. Marshall and Sons, of Gainsborough. In the engineer's shop there are several lathes: one, weighing eleven tons, will turn a piece of metal up to six feet diameter, while others are used for finer work: also a splendid planing machine by Messrs. Mathieson and Co., of Glasgow, together with a shaping machine, and a new patent key seater for cutting key ways. Besides these fine machines there are three drilling machines, two wood turning lathes for pattern making, a combined band and circular saw and boring machine by F. W. Reynolds, of London, also for the pattern makers' use, and every necessary appliance. In the blacksmiths' and boilermakers' shops, a five hundredweight steam hammer by Messrs Glen and Ross, of Glasgow, with an eleven inch cylinder, turns out good work. There are four smiths' forges, and two of the lever rivetting machines
. (Thomas Porteous Farra, James Fawcett Farra, and Charles Joseph Farra), Tinsmiths and Japanners, 25 Stafford Street, Dunedin. Telephone, 293. Bankers, Union Bank of Australia. Established in 1863 by Mr. Joseph Farra, father of the present proprietors, the business was successfully conducted for many years by the founder as tinsmith, japanner, and colonial oven and spouting manufacturer. In 1885 the present senior partners, who had learned the business under their father's guidance, took over the establishment, the firm continuing under the style of T. and J. Farra till July, 1897, when Mr. Charles Joseph Farra was admitted to the partnership, and the designation altered to that of Farra Bros. The premises, which were built to meet the demands of a rapidly developing trade, were erected by the founder on a freehold section of land, and are now leased to the firm. The shop and showrooms consist of a three storey brick building, affording over 3000 square feet of floor space. The office is situated on the main floor, which otherwise is used as a shop and showroom. The top flat is utilised for carrying on the work of japanning, and also for storing stock, while the cellar contains large quantities of manufactured articles and material. The workshop at the rear of the shop and offices is a single storey building with about 2000 feet of floor space. A full plant, which is up-to-date in every respect, is used in this department, and large quantities of household ware, including ashpans, baths, billies, boxes, etc., are turned out by a staff of experts numbering fifteen. Messrs Farra Bros. manufacture travelling trunks in great variety, the leading brands being known as “Henley,” “Brighton,” “Wanaka,” “Milford.” “Tourist,” and “Union.” Colonial ovens, spouting, and ridging are also manufactured on the premises, and Messrs Farra are well known as manufacturers of first class goods in every line they produce.
, General Brass-founder, Engineer, Electroplater, Bellhanger, Gasfitter, and Metal Spinner, 31 Castle Street, Dunedin. Telephone, 383. Bankers, Bank of New Zealand. Private residence, Regent Street, Mornington. Established in February, 1896. Mr. Garside occupies a single storey brick building with floor space exceeding 3,000 square feet. An eight horsepower Otto gas-engine drives the machinery, which includes two self-acting screw-cutting lathes, and four of the latest improved turret lathes, two back gear and two small lathes, a scratch lathe for plating work, vertical drilling and milling machines, emery and polishing wheels, and generally a complete plant. Mr. Garside manufactures high-pressure water and lavatory fittings, engineers' and plumbers' brasswork, garden pumps, and window fittings, undertakes the casting of brass and phosphor bronze and the replating of goods equal to new. He was born in 1840 in Glasgow, and was apprenticed to Mr. H. Buchan, and was afterwards foreman to Messrs. Armour, Buchan and McVane till leaving, in 1874, for Port Chalmers by the ship “City of Dunedin.” He was twenty-two years in the service of Messrs A. and T. Burt, and foreman for eighteen years before commencing his present business.
, Electrical Engineer. Gunsmith and Locksmith, 127 Princes Street, Dunedin. This business was established in
, the Proprietor, is the eldest son of the founder of the business, and was born in Dunedin. He possesses much of his father's mechanical ability, and has constructed several dynamos, and installed the fine system of fire alarms and thief detectors at the Seacliff Asylum. He has a contract with the Government to keep their safelocks in repair in Otago and Southland. Like his father, Mr. Henry takes a great interest in volunteering and has been a member of the Dunedin Naval Artillery since 1898.
(John McGregor and Thomas M. Gillies), Engineers, Iron, Steel (Malleable Cast), and Brass Founders, Otago Foundry, Stuart Street, Dunedin. Telephone, 831. Bankers, National Bank of New Zealand. Private residences: Mr. John McGregor, Royal Terrace; Mr. T. M. Gillies, 44 Canongate Street. The Otago Foundry was established in the late sixties by Mr. William Wilson, who was succeeded by Messrs Davidson and Conyers; and the present proprietors acquired the works in 1894. The plant includes lathes, rolls for plate bending, punching, shearing, and screwing machines, pattern making appliances, a horizontal 12-horse-power steam engine, and a Cornish tubular boiler. The Otago Foundry produces dredge steamers, mining plant of all kinds, water motors, steam engines, dairy and rabbit factory plants, milling machinery, and various other types. This is a diversified list, some of the items in which are likely to astonish the general public, who little imagine that engineering work so complicated and large can be undertaken in New Zealand. But the partners are experienced engineers, who have proved their capability in many ways. The firm makes machinery for mills of all kinds, and constructed three of the largest elevators ever erected in the colony, to the order of Mr. F. W. Payne, consulting engineer; and it has also constructed the complete dredging plant of the Nelson Harbour Board. Considerable work is done in factory plant construction, and the firm has fitted up a number of the dairying factories in the southern district, and also rabbit factories for the New Zealand Co-operative Company. Messrs McGregor and Co. equipped the Dunback Rabbit Canning Factory, making the combination dies and also the crimping machinery for canning; and the boiling down and concentrating machinery, etc., for Messrs A. and J. Macfarlane. The firm also fitted up the whole of the Croydon works, and the works at Gap Road, Winton, and several creameries. Engines and various other engineering works are manufactured with the utmost success, and during the past few years, the firm's name has rapidly risen in eminence. The main building is of one storey, with a brick front, galvanised iron sides, and a glazed roof; the offices and pattern-makers' shop are situated in the brick portion of the building.
, the Senior Partner of the firm, was born in Linlithgowshire, Scotland, in 1859, and came out to New Zealand at an early age, afterwards returning to Glasgow. Mr. McGregor learned his business with Messrs John Elder and Co., at the North British Locomotive Works, Cowlairs. Glasgow, and with Messrs James Russell and Sons, Falkirk. He returned to New Zealand in 1877 in the ship “Wellington,” landing at Port Chalmers, and having qualified as a marine engineer, went to sea for about seven years in the Union Steam Ship Company's intercolonial and coastal vessels, as second engineer. Afterwards for about fourteen years Mr. McGregor was engaged in erecting machinery for several mining companies at Reefton, having charge likewise of reduction and amalgamating works, and was subsequently at Preservation Inlet in a similar capacity. In 1832 Mr McGregor was married to a daughter of Mr. David Nicholson, of Blackburn, and has a family of one son and one daughter.
, the Junior Partner of the firm, was born in Glasgow in 1864, and arrived in New Zealand in 1879. Mr. Gillies was educated in Glasgow for civil engineering, and served an apprenticeship with Mr. R. Peter and Messrs Anderson and Morrison, Dunedin; he subsequently became foreman for the last-named firm. In 1898, he joined Mr. McGregor as a partner in the Otago Foundry, under the style of Messrs John McGregor and Co. Mr. Gillies has been treasurer of the Brass Banas' Association of New Zealand, and is a member of the Otago Chess Club and Commercial Travellers' Club. As a Freemason he is a member of Lodge St. Andrew, 432, Scottish Constitution. In 1892, Mr. Gillies was married to a daughter of Mr H. Burgess, of Dunedin, and has a family of two daughters.
, Engineer and Blacksmith, Stuart Street, Dunedin. Telephone, 70. Private residence, London Street. This business was established by Mr. Charles Mann in 1864; the present owner subsequently joined the firm, which then assumed the style of Messrs C. Mann and Son. Since the death of the founder in 1870, Mr. James Mann has conducted the business. The building, which is of brick and one storey in height, contains a six horse power horizontal steam engine, a two ton steam hammer, two lathes, two drilling machines, three punching machines, and all other necessary plant for turning out engineers' and builders' iron work.
(George Methven), Iron and Brass Founders and Agricultural Implement Manufacturers, Crawford Street, Dunedin; Bankers, Bank of New Zealand; Private residence, Goodall Street, Caversham. This business was founded in Caversham by the present proprietor in 1886. Having leased a harbour board section, Mr. Methven erected thereon a single storey brick building, measuring sixty feet by twenty-five feet, with every convenience for his rapidly developing trade. A 3-horse-power steam engine, made by the fire, drives the plant, which includes a ten and a five inch screw-cutting lathe, a wheel cutting machine, drilling and screwing machines, and every other needful appliance for conducting a good engineering trade. The cupola will melt up to three tons of iron at a time, and a brass furnace is also available on the premises. Messrs. Methven and Co. manufacture chaff-cutters, with requisite horse-gear, seed sowers, turnippulpers and shears, and they do a good trade in small castings, made specially light, for plumbers and others. Their customers are found in Christchurch, Wellington, and Auckland, as well as nearer home. Large numbers of wood-working machines and dairy factory fittings are made at this establishment. The proprietor was born in 1838 in Dundee, Scotland, where he was brought up to the trade, serving his time in its various branches. He landed in Port Chalmers in 1874 from the ship “Corona,” and was for eleven years working foreman for Messrs. Reid and Gray before entering into business on his own account. Mr. Methven was a member of the Caversham borough council for three years.
, Engineers and Iron-founders, Otago Implement and Machinery Works, Princes Street South and Crawford
. (Joseph Adolph Schlaadt and Henry Schlaadt), Engineers and Blacksmiths. Electricians and Manufacturers, Cumberland Street, Dunedin. Telephone, 557. Bankers, Bank of New Zealand. Private residence, Castle Street. Established in 1875 in Great King Street, this well-known firm continued on its original site till the necessity for larger premises compelled it to move. The building now occupied, which was completed in 1896, stands on the back portion of a freehold section a quarter of an acre in extent, and is built of brick, wood, and iron, the offices and showroom being in the front of the section. The workshop and engine and boiler house are well lighted by sky and side lights, and contain about 5000 square feet of floorage space. A twenty horse power boiler supplies steam for a large horizontal steam engine, made by the Canal Basin Foundry Company, of Glasgow. The plant includes four travelling lathes, three vertical borers, punching and shearing machines, emery wheels—some as large as three feet in diameter— hand punching machines, planing and polishing appliances, and two forges. Messrs. Schlaadt Bros. make a specialty of boot factory plant,
turning out such articles as cutting presses, leather rollers, iron lasts, sole cutting knives, and heel and toe plates; they also do a large amount of work in the electrical engineering
, Engineer and Iron Founder, Victoria Ironworks, Rattray Street, Dunedin. Telephones: Office, 762; Private residence (Mornington), 1203 and 1615. In March, 1879, the foundation was laid from which has developed the large business conducted by Mr. Sparrow, opposite the wharves and shipping. The site occupied comprises an acre and a half of freehold, and one eighth of an acre of leasehold land. The original building—an iron lean-to—now only
forms a part of the engine house and coal shed; the boiler is of thirty horse power, and the engine of twenty horse power. The blacksmith's part of the works is to be found in a brick building of one storey, which was added in 1882. Among the appliances for manufacturing purposes there are twelve forges worked by blasts, an eight-and-a-half-hundred weight steam hammer, eleven turning lathes, four radial and four vertical drilling machines, together with three bolt and nut screwing machines, emery wheels, and sixteen fitters' vices, and benches. An iron building 160 by 100 feet, is devoted to boiler making, and the machinery includes two patent lever rivetting machines for fluming, with forges attached, three plate furnaces, drilling, punching, planing, and
, M.I.M.E. (London), Consulting Engineer, Government Life Insurance Buildings, Princes Street. Dunedin. Telephone, 996. P.O. Box 332. Cable address, “Watt,” Dunedin. Mr. Watt was born and educated in Taranaki, and is a younger son of the Isaac Newton Watt for eight years Sheriff of Otago and Southland, and Resident Magistrate of Dunedin. He studied for his profession under Mr William Conyers. M.I.M.E., then general manager of the Bluff and Invercargill Government railway, and subsequently learned mechanical engineering, first under Mr. William Wilson, and afterwards with Messrs Davidson and Conyers of the Otago Foundry, where he remained eleven years. Mr. Watt left the foundry with the position of manager, and started his profession as an electrical and mechanical engineer. After three years he went to Melbourne, where he was engaged by Mr. George S. Duncan, M.I.C.E., then Engineer to the Melbourne Tramways Trust, to take the position of Office Mechanical Engineer and Chief Mechanical Draughtsman, and to superintend the construction of machinery in the power houses, and was eight years under Mr. Duncan. On the retirement of Mr. Duncan, at the end of that period, Mr. Watt was, on Mr. Duncan's recommendation, employed in making alterations and improving the cable tram. He devised the improvements in the curves in the Melbourne tramways, and also the cable grip in use at the present time. On the completion of his work he was employed by Dr. Peters, junior, United States of America copper exporter, to design a portion of the Mount Lyell smelting works in Tasmania. He was subsequently employed in the Metropolitan Board of Works at Melbourne, first as engineering draughtsman, and was afterwards promoted to the position of third on the staff, designing mechanical work for the sewerage scheme. Mr. Watt resigned to take a more remunerative position as Supervising Engineer of the Tasmanian Smelting Works, Zeehan, Tasmania. Having completed the works, he returned to Melbourne under engagement to the British Insulated Wire Company, of London. After getting out the estimates for the Bendigo (Victoria) electric tramways. Mr. Watt returned to Dunedin under an engagement to Mr. J. C. Macgeorge, Consulting Engineer for the Roslyn Tramway Company, and afterwards entered into partnership with Messrs Macgeorge Brothers. On the dissolution of that partnership he joined Mr. Fussell, under the title of Watt and Fussell, and they designed a number of gold dredges; but in 1901 the partnership was dissolved. Mr. Watt has since practised his profession on his own account, and has designed and patented, in conjunction with Mr. Murison, a lower tumbler bush, which has been used with the greatest success in connection with dredging machinery. He has been a member of the Masonic Order since 1885, and is attached to Lodge Ancient York, No. 6, Victorian Constitution.
, Ironmongers, Iron and Hardware Merchants. Princes. Jetty, and Bond Streets, Dunedin. Telephones 697–698–732. P.O. Box 156. Bankers, Union Bank of Australasia, Limited. Manager, Forsyth Johnston. Head Office: Briscoe and Co., Ltd., 36 Basinghall Street, London, E.C., and houses at Sydney, Melbourne, Wellington, Auckland, Invercargill. There is also an agency at Christchurch, where an extensive indent business is done. Cable address: “Briscoe's.” Dunedin. Codes: Abc, Al. Western Union and Private. The firm of Messrs Briscoe and Co., Limited, is an offshoot of the old house of William Briscoe and Son, which was founded in Wolverhampton about the year 1768. When the colonial houses of the original firm were established, there were five partners; namely Messrs Richard Holt Briscoe, Walter Briscoe. Arthur Briscoe, John Edward Briscoe, and Hugh MacNeil, senior. Of these, three are dead—Messrs W. and J. E. Briscoe, and Mr. MacNeil. The Melbourne house was founded in 1853, the Dunedin business in 1862, and that in Sydney in 1878; the Invercargill house was opened in 1881 as a branch of the Dunedin firm, but owing to increasing business, it was made a separate concern in 1901. The late Mr. Hugh MacNeil, senior, came over to Otago to inaugurate the business in New Zealand, and since then it has practically covered the country. The large and imposing building occupied by the firm in Princes Street and Jetty Street. Dunedin, is erected on freehold land. There are three fine entrances to the premises from Princes Street, and the ground floor accommodates four departments—wholesale, retail, showroom and offices. In the wholesale department, which is furnished with order desks, a large general stock is maintained; and the packing room is close by, with a cart entrance from Princes Street. A large hydraulic lift communicates from this floor with the basement and upper flat. The retail department, which is conducted in the portion of the premises nearest the Jetty Street side, contains handsome show cases and stands, extensive counters, and a large and varied stock of general hardware. Behind the retail shop is the showroom, where there is a display of mantels and files, register grates, lamps of all sorts and sizes, and many other lines, including a brilliant variety of electroplated ware, which is shown in splendid glass cases, one of which is especially large. At the back of the wholesale department there are private rooms for the manager, accountant, and partners' and warehouse and indent offices. The indent offices contain a library of manufacturers' catalogues, which are fully indexed, and number 2000 volumes, representing at least that number of manufacturers. A portion of this office is also set apart as a typewriting department, and two typists are kept constantly employed. A handsome stair-case
communicates with the upper floor, which is divided into two parts. The back portion contains twines, cutlery, black hardware, japanned tinware, buggy lamps and fittings, paints and varnishes, garden and field tools, and endless varieties of general stock. In the front, such lines as brushware, screws, ammunition, brassware, files, lamp wicks and fittings, tools of all kinds, scales, buckets enamelware, etc., are kept. Above this flat there is a spacious loft, which is used for the storage of light surplus stock. The basement of the establishment has two departments, where American and English goods respectively, are kept. In the first are found American stoves, axes, handles, shovels, and many other lines, which cannot be particularised. The British department is the repository of nails, wire netting, grates, spades, picks, bolts, nuts, washers, hollowware, sash weights, cement, shot, and other articles. At one corner of this room there is a dark place, where rubber goods—such as hose, insertion, belting, and asbestos—and other perishable goods are stored. The iron yards in Bond Street, which are situated on each side of the street, are connected with the main establishment by a private telephone. On the west side, the building, which is of brick roofed with iron, contains a heavy stock of bar, sheet plate, and hoop iron, axles, vyces; anvils, gas pipes, and fittings, steel of all kinds, carriage and cart woodware, etc. The covered yard on the eastern side of Bond Street is built of iron; and large quantities of cement, fencing and barbed wire, galvanised iron, grindstones, and oils are stored there. Adjoining the yard there is a large open section, where roofing-tiles, fire bricks, drain pipes, pig iron, girder plates, and other non-perishable goods are kept in stock. Messrs Briscoe and Co.'s kerosene store is in Anderson's Bay road, where they have also two other free stores; and the firm's stock of powder is stored at the Government magazine in the same locality. The large business conducted from Dunedin by Messrs Briscoe and Co. is confined chiefly to the South Island, where seven travellers are steadily engaged in visiting the customers; but the North Island is left to the Wellington and Auckland houses of the firm. The stocks of the firm are singularly well selected, and are replete with all necessary lines of the very latest design to keep pace with the extensive trade done by the firm. This, however, is a comparatively easy matter, as in the case of Messrs Briscoe and Co., the firm has the advantage of its houses in London.
(Frederick Augustus Cooke and Edward Howlison). Cycle Manufacturers and Importers, 156, 158, and 162 Great King Street, and 26 George Street, Dunedin. Bankers, Bank of New Zealand. Branches, Don Street, Invercargill, and Stafford Street, Timaru. This well known firm was established in 1895, by the present partners, Messrs F. A. Cooke and Edward Howlison, and under capable and progressive management the business grew rapidly. In 1897 the premises were considerably extended, and in 1901 and 1903 further changes were made. The firm now possesses a large two-storey brick building, occupying three blocks, in Great King Street, and a commodious show-room, occupying a central position, in George Street. The whole of the first floor in the Great King Street premises is devoted to the manufacturing department, which possesses the most modern contrivances for facilitating the manufacture, and adding to the quality of the manufactured articles. The now famous “Record” bicycle, with its ingenious attachments, and the equally popular “Jubilee” machine, and many other well known makes, are built by the firm, and supplied to retail dealers and private purchasers in all parts of the colony. The “Record” tyre is favoured by cyclists throughout New Zealand, and other fittings manufactured by the firm have won a similarly well-merited reputation. Messrs Cooke, Howlison and Co. hold several agencies for machines manufactured abroad, notably that of the celebrated English machine, the “Swift.” It was this firm that first commenced the building of motor-bicycles in Dunedin, and its success in that department is due to the wide knowledge of engineering possessed by the senior partner, Mr. F. A. Cooke, who spent several years studying that branch of science at Canterbury College. The extensive trade done by the firm in Dunedin, Timaru, and Invercargill is a high tribute to an establishment so young, and is an undoubted evidence of the high quality of its workmanship.
. Senior Partner in the firm of Messrs Cooke, Howlison and Co., was born in February, 1870, and is the second son of Mr. W. R. Cooke, for many years dispenser at the Christchurch Hospital, and now carrying on business as a chemist in High Street, Christ-church. He was educated at the East Christ-church school, and afterwards spent twelve months under his father. He subsequently travelled through the North and South Islands, and then entered the employment of Mr. F. W. Gough, cycle manufacturer, of Manchester Street, Christchurch, where he spent three years, gaining a thorough knowledge of the building of the old high “Ordinary” machine which was then in use. In 1887 Mr. Cooke began to work with Messrs T. and D. Danks, of Tuam Street, with the intention of qualifying himself in engineering and brass finishing, and for this purpose he attended Canterbury College for five years, during which he made a special study of engineering, and mechanical and perspective drawing. In 1892 he went to Sydney, where he spent six months in the well known engineering firm of Messrs Bennett and Speechly, and then went on to Melbourne, where he was engaged in bicycle manufacturing for a further six months. Mr. Cooke returned to Christchurch in 1893, and after two years with the Adams' “Star” Cycle Company—then known as Messrs Adams, Curtis and Co.—he came to Dunedin, and established his present business in partnership with Mr. Howlison. When in Christchurch Mr. Cooke was a member of the Lancaster Park Cricket Club, and was captain of the junior eleven during three of its most successful years. He was also a member of the Carisbrook Cricket Club, and now belongs to the Otago Bicycle Club. Mr. Cooke was married, in 1897, to Miss Burgess, of Christchurch, and has one son and one daughter.
, the Junior Partner, is elsewhere referred to as an excouncillor of the city of Dunedin.
, Ironmonger and Hardware Merchant, Princes and Bond Streets. Dunedin. Telephones, 95 (warehouses and offices) and 119 (private residence, Stafford Street). P.O. Box, 138. Branch, Tay Street. Invercargill. This business was founded in 1862 by the late Mr. John Edmond, and is one of the oldest in the hardware trade of Dunedin. For some years after its establishment it was conducted by the founder; he was then joined by Messrs Forsyth and McNeill, under the style of Edmond, Forsyth and McNeill.
, Imperial Buildings, Princes Street, Dunedin; Messrs Stokes and Errington, proprietors. This firm holds the sole right of manufacturing the Kia Tere cycles, which are made in two grades from the best B.S.A. parts. They have also a complete cycle plant, including lathes, and brazing and enamelling plant. A specialty is made in building light racing machines, which are highly spoken of by professionals, and a large assortment of machines, and duplicates of all parts are kept in stock.
was born in Dunedin, and served his apprenticeship with the well known firm of Messrs A. and T. Burt. He was afterwards employed in the cycle manufactory of Messrs Cooke, Howlison and Co. for seven years, for three years of which he was foreman. He started business with his present partner in 1903, and intends shortly to add electroplating and motor work, in which he is experienced.
Is a native of London, and came to New Zealand in 1884. He learned engineering in New Zealand, and was for years travelling representative of various bicycle companies before starting his present successful business in conjunction with Mr. Stokes, in 1903.
(Robert Laidlaw and John Gray), Wholesale and Retail Ironmongers, Dunedin. This is of its kind considered
one of the most wonderful businesses in New Zealand. Some years ago the present proprietors bought it from the late T. G. Johnston, who was then doing a turnover of £4500 per annum; but in less than ten years
it exceeded, under the new management, £40,000 per annum. In 1898 they built a store of three flats opposite their retail shop, but in a few years even that was found quite
(Alfred George Ferguson, proprietor), 105 Cumberland Street, Dunedin. Mr. Ferguson was born in Dunedin, and learned his trade in the well known firm of Steadman, Cooke, Howlison and Co., and at the Anglo Cycle Works, in both of which establishments he spent three years. He started his business in 1902, and is the sole maker of the Moa brand cycles. These machines, which are registered and protected, are made from the best imported parts, and are put together, finished, and enamelled by competent workmen. Repairs of all kinds are done on the premises. Mr. Ferguson is a member of the Albion Cricket Club.
(Adam Paterson and James Barr), Wholesale and Retail Iron mongers and Hardware Merchants, 138 Princes Street, Dunedin. Telephone, 580. Bankers, Bank of Australasia. Private residences: Mr. Paterson, Dowling Street; Mr. Barr, City Road, Roslyn. This progressive business was established in 1885 by the senior partner in his own name, Mr. Barr joining in April, 1887, when the present style was adopted. The premises of the firm are situated immediately opposite the Post Office Building in Princes Street, and consist of a handsome, double fronted shop, leased from the Standard Insurance Company. The firm occupies three floors and the cellar of the building, over 8000 square feet of floorage space being available. The ground
floor, in front of which there are two large plate glass windows, displaying a splendid assortment of the goods held in stock, is devoted to the wholesale and retail department; all classes of iron and hardware goods, specially selected by expert buyers on the firm's behalf in the markets of the world, are here represented. Two travellers representing Messrs Paterson and Barr travel throughout Otago, Southland, and Canterbury, in which the customers of this well known house are located. Mr. Paterson, the founder of the firm, was born in 1861, and was educated at public and private schools. He was apprenticed to Messrs. Park and Curle in Dunedin, was afterwards with the firm of Messrs Wilkinson and Keddie, and started the present business in 1885. In 1887 Mr. Paterson married the eldest daughter of Mr.
(James Frederick Peake), Agricultural Implement Importers and Manufacturers. Princes Street South, Dunedin. Telephone, 93. Post Office Box, 62. Bankers: Bank of Australasia. Private residence, Leith Street. This business was established in 1863, as a branch of the Melbourne house. Mr. Peake, who became a partner in the original firm in 1872, has conducted the business on his own account since 1885 under the old style. The premises consist of two storey brick and stone buildings—with large sheds at the back—erected on leasehold land, and contain upwards of 10,000 square feet of floor space, where all goods are carefully kept under cover. Messrs. Robinson and Co. are importers of all descriptions of agricultural implements and machinery, harvesting tools, and general farm sundries. They are agents for Bamlett's celebrated reapers, J. and T. Hornsby's ploughs, Johnson and Field's winnowing and seed-drilling machines, and Osborne's reapers and binders; they also act for leading Melbourne makers, including the firm of Messrs. T. Robinson and Co, of that city, and for Mr. Thomas Corbett, of Shrewsbury, England. As manufacturers, they make hillside ploughs, turnip-sowers, and chaff-cutters. Messrs. Robinson and Co. have a well-earned reputation for keeping a full assortment of fittings for all machines in which they deal, to the manifest advantage of their customers. Mr. Peake was born at Honiton, Devonshire, England, in 1844, and was educated chiefly at the Scotch College, Melbourne. Having joined the Melbourne firm, he came to Dunedin in 1866, and subsequently acquired an interest in the New Zealand business, of which he is now the proprietor. As a Freemason, Mr. Peake is attached to Lodge Dunedin, and is a past master of that lodge; he is also a past principal of the chapter of Otago, and past grand senior warden of the Dunedin Grand Lodge, E.C. He was married in 1872 to a daughter of Mr. J. W. Jago, and has three sons and four daughters.
, (James Cox Thomson and Walter Gow, Managing Directors), Ironmongers, Hardware, and Timber Merchants, and Woodware Manufacturers: Wholesale and Retail establishment, 144 Princess Street; Factory and Iron Yard. 54–62 Bond Street, Dunedin. P.O. Box. 119. Branch at Dee Street, Invercargill. The large business conducted by this firm was established in the early sixties by Messrs Guthrie and Larnach, and was afterwards conducted by the Dunedin Iron and Woodware Company, Limited, till 1887, when the extensive premises in Princes Street South, which at that time were being used by the company for the conduct of their manufacturing and general trade, were totally destroyed by fire. It was soon after that disastrous event that Messrs Thomson. Bridger and Co. became purchasers. In 1894 Mr. Bridger died, and Mr. Gow, who was formerly manager of Messrs Briscoe and Co.'s Dunedin house, joined the firm in April, 1898. In the following year, having purchased the stock of Messrs Walter Guthrie and Co., Limited, from the liquidators of that business, a branch was established in Invercargill, under the management of Mr. James Allan, one of the partners. The firm was turned into a limited liability company in 1902, with Messrs Thomson and Gow, as managing directors, and Mr. James Allan continuing the management of the Invercargill branch. Messrs Thomson, Bridger and Co., Limited, are direct importers of all classes of ironmongery and hardware, and their business extends throughout the colony. The Princes Street premises are used for offices and wholesale and retail departments. There are two large double-fronted shops with plate-glass windows, one entrance having been closed to make additional window space for displaying stock. The wholesale department is on the first and second floors and in the cellar. The iron yard is in Bond Street, where iron, steel, and other metals, and heavy goods are stocked, and where the firm manufactures spouting, ridging, and fencing standards. The timber yards and woodware factory are also in Bond Street; and the factory is provided with up-to-date plant for sawing, planing, and moulding, bending, and turning, and other appliances for conducting the manufacture of all cases of woodware, including door sashes and all kinds of joinery, also rims, spokes, naves, felloes, shafts, dairy plant and machinery, churns, butter workers, cheese and milk vats, tallow cases, butter cases, kegs, etc., etc.
, Wholesale Saddlers and Coach Ironmongers, Leather Merchants, Indentors, and Contractors to the New Zealand Government. Head office and manufactory, Walsall, England Branches: Wyndham Street, Auckland, and Brisbane, Queensland. Manager for Dunedin: Mr. Charles D. S. Moore. This firm does a large business in leather, saddlery, axles, springs and horse covers, and has been established in England for over a century, and over twenty years in New Zealand. Fully assorted stocks are maintained in Dunedin, as well as at the Auckland branch. Behind the warehouse, the manufacture of saddles, collars, and horse covers is carried on in another brick building, and gives employment to about a dozen people. The business extends throughout the colony, which is traversed periodically by travellers of the firm.
(Moritz Michaelis, Isaac Hallenstein, and Grant Preston Farquhar), Tanners, Curriers, and Leather Merchants, and Importers of Grindery, Dowling Street, Dunedin. P.O. Box, 40. Bankers, Bank of New Zealand. Private residence of resident partner, Mr. G. P. Farquhar, William Street. Tannery, Sawyers' Bay. London house, Michaelis, Hallenstein and Co, 17 and 18 Basinghall Street, E.C. The large and prominent house of Michaelis, Hallenstein and Farquhar is the outgrowth of a small business, established by Mr. Farquhar in the early days of settlement in Dunedin, as an importer of leather and grindery. For many years the founder conducted a steadily expanding trade, which grew in proportion to the advance of settlement in New Zealand. With a view to the construction of a complete tannery capable of producing leather of every variety required in the bout trade, Messrs. Michaelis and Hallenstein joined Mr. Farquhar in the business under the above title, and since then the business has grown by leaps and bounds. The splendid tannery has been erected and fully equipped, and generally the trade has been extended from merely local limits to the magnitude of a Colonial undertaking. Messrs. Michaelis, Hallenstein and Farquhar transact business throughout the entire Colony, having a large connection among the leading boot and shoe manufacturers and boot and shoemakers of the various cities and towns. Periodically the representatives of the firm visit the centres of population in the interests of the business; but the connection is so well established and the character of the goods manufactured is so well known, and the quality of the imported stock in which the firm deals is so uniformly good, that orders are regularly received without special solicitation. As to the leather made at Sawyers' Bay it may be safely said ‘that it “sells itself;” the fact
Head office, 54 Castle Street, Edinburgh, Scotland. General manager, Mr. W. S. Davidson. New Zealand office, 11 Bond Street, Dunedin. Superintendent, Mr Thomas Brydone. Inspector, Mr. P. Pattullo. This large company was formed in 1867 with a capital of £2,500,000, taking over a number of estates and runs in Otago and Canterbury, which had previously been worked by several small associations. The magnitude of its operations may be gauged from the following figures. The freehold estates—“Acton,” near Rakaia, “Levels” and “Pareora,” at Timaru, and “Hakataramea” (all in Canterbury), “Totara,” near Oamaru. “Moeraki,” at Hampden, “Clydevale,” near Clinton (all in Otago), and “Edendale” (Southland)—totalled 209,986 acres, while the leasehold estates comprised 339,745 acres, making a grand total of nearly 550,000 acres, worked by the company. The stock on these various estates consisted of 334,000 sheep, 5967 cattle, and 824 horses, and, during the year ending March, 1897, over 6000 acres were cropped in wheat, 13,454 acres in turnips, and 11,672 acres were laid down in new English grasses. The whole of the flocks of the company have been raised from superior imported stock, and fresh strains are being steadily introduced, so as to keep abreast of the times. In sheep, stud Lincolns, Border Leicester, Romney Marsh, and Merinos are separately kept at various stations, the cattle being now confined to the Polled Angus and Shorthorn varieties. The dairy factory at Edendale—the first of its kind erected in New Zealand—was established by the company in 1882, and secured the Government bonus of £500. Some 200 tons of cheese is the annual product of this establishment. As pioneers of the frozen meat trade, the company loaded the sailing ship “Dunedin” in 1882, and have since shipped 350,000 sheep and about 1000 head of cattle, the annual number of sheep being about 50,000, which are killed and frozen at the various refrigerating works, and shipped by direct liners. These sheep are largely fattened on turnips, which are sown in drills and broadcast. Under certain restrictions, the whole of the lands of the company have been opened for sale, and already 133,213 acres have been satisfactorily sold. The operations of this company have generally been most beneficial to New Zealand, as well as to Australia, where upwards of one million acres are held. [Since this article was written the Levels and Edendale estates have been bought by the Government for close settlement.]
, J.P., Superintendent in New Zealand for this company, was born in Peeblesshire, Scotland, where he
, was incorporated in 1881, and is the pioneer freezing company of New Zealand. The capital of the company was originally £40,000, but has since been increased to £60,000. The first works built were at Burnside, near Dunedin, and a year or two afterwards works were erected at Oamaru. The system of refrigerating was then Haslam's dry air process, but this, together with all the original machinery, has since been superseded, and during the last year or two the most modern appliances have been installed. Both works are now equipped on the ammonia compression system, with plants supplied by the Hercules Company. The Burnside works have been practically rebuilt during the last few years, and are now capable of dealing with 1500 sheep per day. In addition to the stock handled, there has also been, of recent years, a large business in connection with the export of frozen rabbits, and 1000 crates—equal to 25,000 rabbits—have been handled in one day. The Oamaru works are capable of dealing with 1000 sheep per day. Although the company originally froze only stock, on account of the owners, it now deals with nearly its entire output on its own account. The various side branches of the business have all been developed, and complete tallow, manure, and other works for dealing with offal and by-products have been erected. The company is also interested in wool from the sheepskins, so that the business is now of great magnitude. The company's twentieth annual report, published in July, 1903, shows that in its operations for the year 242,588 sheep and lambs, 4,379 cattle, and 45,135 crates of rabbits were dealt with. A dividend of 8 per cent, was declared to shareholders, in addition to a very substantial sum being added to the reserve fund. The late Mr. E. B. Cargill was one of the promoters of the company, and was an energetic director up to the time of his death. At present (1904) the Board of Directors consists of Messrs John Roberts, C.M.G., (chairman). Thomas Brydone, A. C. Begg, W. Patrick, James Smith, junior, Watson Shennan, and Donald Borrie, well known as leading pastoralists and business men in Otago.
has been Secretary and Manager of the New Zealand Refrigerating Company. Limited, since 1899. Before that time he was for some years engaged in the frozen meat trade in Canterbury.
Directors, Messrs John Roberts, C.M.G. (chairman), Hon. Thomas Fergus, W. Hislop, and J. R. Sinclair; general manager, Mr. J. H. Morrison; secretary, Mr. W. Nicolson. Head office and warehouse, High Street, Dunedin. Mills at Mosgiel. Telephone, 208. Bankers, Bank of New Zealand. Cable address “Morisco.” Code, private. Motto, “A' Ae' Oo'.” Agents: London, Messrs Wm. Nicolson and Co., Bury Court; Scotland, Mr. John Brown, Selkirk; Sydney, Messrs A. T. King and J. L. Morrison, George Street; Melbourne, Messrs Stogdale and Duffus, Flinders Street; Perth, Mr. C. Dunckley; Christchurch, Mr. R. Shanks. Branch at Wellington: manager, Mr. G. Pirie. With the exception of a handmill at Nelson, the Mosgiel Woollen Company was the pioneer of the great woollen industry of the Colony, being followed successively by the Kaiapoi, Kaikorai, Oamaru, Ashburton, Roslyn, Timaru, Wellington, and Onehunga mills. To the late Mr. Arthur J. Burns, sometime deputy chairman, belongs the honour of founding the premier woollen factory in New Zealand. Mr. Burns established the factory in 1871 as a private concern, and two years later, in
conjunction with Mr. Smail, formed the first company. The original capital of the Mosgiel Woollen Company was 16,000 shares of £5 each, of which £3 10s, per share is now paid up; the capital was increased in 1889, when the mill at Ashburton was acquired, by the issue of 5,000 additional shares of £5, now paid up to £3 10s. per share, making in all £73,500 of subscribed capital paid up. In the year 1900, 2,845 additional shares were issued, paid up to £3 10s. per share: which brought the capital up to £83,457 10s. With the exception of one year when no dividend was declared, the company has steadily paid dividends, which have averaged the handsome rate of eight and a quarter per cent, for the whole period of the company's existence. All kinds of woollen goods are manufactured by the company, including tweeds, flannels, blankets, rugs, hosiery, &c.; the name “Mosgiel,” as applied to these goods, has long been a household word throughout the length and breadth of New Zealand. The head office and warehouse of this successful company in High Street is a brick and stone building of two stories in height, possessing large accommodation for the storage of stock, the trade being supplied chiefly from samples kept at the several agencies of the company. The products of this large organization have been regularly exhibited at leading exhibitions throughout the world, commencing
. General Manager of the Mosgiel Woollen Company, Ltd., who has occupied this important position since shortly after the incorporation of the company, was born in Midlothian, Scotland. He was educated at the Bathgate Academy, and has been connected with the woollen manufacturing trade since his earliest days, having been brought up in a large manufacturing district.
Warehousemen and Manufacturers; Head Office, High Street, Dunedin. Telephone 1302. P.O Box. 306. Bankers, Bank of New South Wales. Branches: Lichfield Street, Christ-church; Tay Street, Invercargill; Emerson Street, Napier; Victoria Street, Wellington; Hardy Street, Nelson; Elliott Street, Auckland; and Taupo Quay, Wanganui. Worsted and woollen mills, Roslyn. London house, 63 Finsbury Pavement. E.O. Sheep stations in Otago; Lauder, Blackstone Hill, and Barewood.
A capital example of the enterprise and industry of Otago's early settlers is to be obtained in the well and widely-known business conducted by Messrs Ross and Glendining (Limited), warehousemen and manufacturers, at their mills in the Kaikorai Valley, and their factories and warehouses in Dunedin and other centres. Mr John Ross and Mr. Robert Glendining came to the colony over forty years ago, and in 1862 they agreed upon the partnership that has been in existence ever since, and that has worked so prosperously with resulting good not only to the principals, but to the many thousands of persons who have been industrially connected with them during that period, or who are in their employment at the present time. A visit to the mill at the Kaikorai enables one to realise to some extent the great volume of business carried on, and at the same time gives a striking idea of the magnificent industrial resources of the colony. Under the company's control one finds every branch of a most important industry. Part of the wool used at the mill is grown upon the company's Lauder, Blackstone Hill, Home Hills, and Barewood sheep stations, and large quantities are bought from other New Zealand growers. This is carted to the storerooms in the Kaikorai Valley, where there is accommodation for storing something like 5500 bales, or to the town stores, where 2000 additional bales may be kept. At the mill the wool is sorted out by experts, and passed on to the different departments to be made into cloth, yarns, blankets, flannels, dress goods, rugs, hosiery, etc. Then a great quantity of the yarn is converted into hosiery of all descriptions, while a large proportion of the cloth is sent to the factory in Dunedin to be made into clothing; and thus the process is complete—the growing of the raw material in the shape of wool and the production of the finished article for local sale or for distribution to other centres of the colony. The various processes of manufacture at the mill necessitate the employment of machinery covering a floor space of over 75,000 square feet, and to this enormous area the company has lately added a space of 46,000 square feet. This in itself is an indication of the tremendous growth of the company's business, the capacity of its works, and the confidence the principals have in the future of this important and far-reaching industry. The works call for the employment of some hundreds of hands, and the extension means that additional labour will be required; all of which points to the distribution of a very considerable sum in weekly wages, and as there is every prospect of the work extending over many years, the benefit to the community is almost incalculable.
The large and progressive firm of Ross and Glendining was founded by the present proprietors in 1862, when they carried on business as retail drapers, and their premises were in Princes Street. Four years afterwards they forsook the retail business, and, removing to Stafford Street, entered into possession of what at that time was the finest ware-house in Dunedin. Additions became necessary
The clothing factory is also situated in High Street, just above the Princess Theatre. It has a frontage of 66 feet to High Street, with a depth of 115 feet, with a cart entrance to the rear for taking away loads of finished goods. There are three floors and a basement in the building, the total floor space being 30,000 square feet. Every corner is bright and clean, and the rooms are well ventilated and well lighted, while the workers of whom there are several hundreds, appear cheerful and contented with their lot. Machines that at once attract attention are those for cutting cloth. One piece is marked and laid on top of a thickness of perhaps 100 pieces, and an endless knife, running at high speed, makes a clean cut through the whole thickness as it is guided round the pattern by the expert. Machines that make button-holes are common now a days, and the company has a full supply, as well as other up-to-date appliances for the speedy turning out of large orders. Something in the way of a novelty is the machine for sewing on buttons. Machines for pressing buttons into a catch have been in use for a long time, but this machine is a comparatively new invention, which does its work speedily and faultlessly; one worker can sew five buttons on a vest within a minute.
In addition to the manufacture of suits the company makes waterproof clothing for ladies and gentlemen, and produces felt, fur, and straw hats. This branch of the business is conducted in a separate warehouse in Stafford Street, built in 1866, but extensively enlarged, in 1902, and now consisting of two stories and a basement. This separate establishment houses a busy crowd of workers, about fifty in number, who are experts in the hat industry, which the firm of Ross and Glendining carries on under all the advantages of modern skill and science. Rabbit fur may be said to be the sheet-anchor of the hat industry of the world. From the rabbit-skin all the hair has to be extracted by hand, hair being a material that will not felt. The substance that is used is the fur that is nearer the skin. This is chemically treated, and put on a cutting machine, when the fur is shaved from the skin. The skin is used for the manufacture of glue, and the fur is passed through various machines to thoroughly mix and clean it for the first formation of a fur hat. This is done by the
Messrs Ross and Glendining have gradually added branches in other distributing centres
Amongst the institutions thus brought into existence at the Roslyn Mills, there are a savings bank and a benefit society. The savings bank was established about 1891, with a view to encouraging thrift among the workers, and that end has been largely attained. The affairs of the bank are managed by a committee of the employees, but
The mills have the same characteristics that are noticeable in the houses of the workers—cleanliness, comfort, and beauty. The factories in the Old Land, as a rule, are depressing spectacles of ugliness, even the noted exceptions being expressive of the vigorous spirit of utility. In Roslyn there is something more. The channel of the Kaikorai stream, which flows through the property of the firm, has been strengthened by paving the bed and the sides. The banks have been planted with English trees, so that the mills stand in a framework of foliage. On passing through the gates in the mill yard, one is delightfully impressed with the order and cleanliness of everything and this is only an indication of the conditions that fortunately prevail throughout every department of the manufactory.
The manufactures of the firm's worsted factory embrace worsted coatings and trouserings, worsted and silk-mixed tweeds, dress and costume cloths, serges, and three-ply, four-ply, and five-ply fingering yarns. The products of the woollen mills are all-wool tweeds, dress tweeds, uniform tweeds, Crimean shirtings, tennis cloths, plaidings, white and coloured flannels, blankets, shawls, travelling rugs, and wheeling yarns. The process of manufacturing is as varied as it is interesting. After leaving the hands of the experts the wool is taken to the scouring room and passed through a “teaser,” which removes the greater part of the impurities; it is next delivered to a “multiple scourer”, in which it is thoroughly rinsed, after which it is caught between a pair of squeezing rollers, which so reduce it that a revolving fan is able to blow it off in very fine flakes. The fleeces are then removed to the drying room, where they are laid upon large wire-covered frames. The under parts of the frames are covered in, and form chambers, the only outward opening of which is a circular aperture in the outer wall. Here a 50in Blackman air propeller, swiftly revolving, draws the warm, dry air of the room through the wool on the wire, into the chamber below, and expels it from the building, thus a constant circulation of dry air through the wool is maintained. This process is so efficacious that two and a-half hours will suffice to dry the wettest wool. The bulk of the wool then finds its way into the dye-house, in which are placed iron, copper, and wooden vats of all sizes, and in an adjoining room are the dye stuffs. The indigo vat, with its special engine and apparatus, has a room to itself, and the appliances have been perfected according to the latest and most improved methods for securing the fastest indigo dyes in woollens and worsteds. The “teasing” process which follows is
The new portion of the mill, completed in 1902, is 210 feet long, with a width of 160 feet. Its two stories will be devoted to the manufacture of worsted and hosiery. In the hosiery department there are 180 machines for making and finishing hosiery. They are of the very latest pattern, with every up-to-date improvement, and some of them will be used for working the finest of goods, such as silk and silk mixture, for which there is a large demand from the North Island and other places of warmer climate than Otago. Special attention is being paid to Viyella goods, comprising all sorts of ladies' and gentlemen's underwear in various weights. The Viyella is a patent yarn, the feature of which is that it is absolutely unshrinkable. The company possesses the sole right to manufacture Viyella goods in New Zealand. The preparation of fingering yarns or worsted for knitting purposes will also be carried on in this building. The foundations are of concrete, and most substantial, due regard having been paid to the fact that some heavy machinery has to be placed in the building. This portion of the works, like the remainder of the mill, is well lighted and ventilated. No fewer than 200 cast-iron columns are used in the structure. On the lower floor these are 12 feet apart, and on the upper floor, where they support the roof, there are two rows of columns twelve feet apart. The columns were manufactured by Messrs A. and T. Burt (Limited), Dunedin. It is the first time the company has placed a large order of the kind in the hands of a local firm. Formerly the columns were imported, but the company is as well satisfied with the manner in which the local firm has completed the work as it could have been with the work of any firms at Home. The electric light is used throughout, and provision has been made for supplying 600 16-candle power lights.
Every wheel in the new building is driven by new machinery. First to claim attention is a horizontal compound condensing steam engine, with positive Corliss gear, made by Messrs E. R. and F.
A quarter of a century ago, in 1878, this great industry was still within the region of vision and hope, but reasoned resolve and intelligent action, have made it a matter of veritable fact. From 1878 to 1903–4 is, comparatively, not a long period, and yet how much has been achieved in that time by Messrs Ross and Glendining. Under the old Home conditions of forty or fifty years ago, the history of the Roslyn Mills would have been as the history of Saltaire and similar places. To have accomplished what has been done under the prevailing conditions is wonderful. The colony is young and sparsely populated. Nothing like monopoly has been enjoyed. The great nations of the world have not been available as customers, as was the case with England long ago. The wise maxims of the firm, in addition to the foresight and boldness that has been shown, explain the growth. These maxims are: ‘To produce only first-class goods,’ and ‘To produce as large a range as possible.’ If these are adhered to, the growth of the firm will continue, and deservedly so. All honour to men like Messrs Ross and Glendining. May New Zealand never lack such men to take the lead in developing the varied and endless resources of the land. However conditions may change, captains of industry will always be essential. It will always be the duty of the many to follow, the function of the few to lead. If the leaders be wise and the followers faithful, the problems of New Zealand, as they arise one after another, will be solved, and its course will be upward and onward.
Messrs Ross and Glendining are large importers as well as extensive manufacturers; the markets of the world are laid under contribution to supply the wants of the people of New Zealand. Through their London
To the well-directed efforts of the two principals in the firm—Mr. John Ross and Mr. Robert Glendining—is entirely due the great success of this magnificent industrial establishment. Both gentlemen possess energy and judgment, and, in addition to building up a fine business for themselves—a business that is a credit to the colony,—they have given their time and their purses also to useful objects, as well as valuable assistance in charitable and other works. Since the business was floated into a company the affairs are managed by a board of directors, consisting of Mr. John Ross, Mr. Robert Glendining, Mr. Thomas Glendining, and Mr G. R. Hercus. The administration of all the heads is marked by scrupulous care and attention to the minutest details.
, Senior Partner in the firm of Messrs Ross and Glendining, was born in the County of Caithness, in the north of Scotland, on the 24th of November, 1834, his father, the late Mr. John Ross, being, at that time, a miller there. He was educated at the village schools in his native place, subsequently served an apprenticeship to the drapery trade at Lybster, near Wick, and later on became manager of the soft-goods department of a general store in a neighbouring county. In 1861 he sailed from London in the barque “Velore, a vessel of 480 tons, for Dunedin, and brought with him a drapery stock valued at several thousand pounds. On his arrival, after a prolonged voyage of five months, Mr. Ross joined the firm of Messrs Begg, Christie, and Co., being a partner in that business during the year 1861–2, when the large influx of population from Victoria produced such an unprecedented activity in the commercial life of the city. In 1862 he bought his partners' interests in the business, and was joined by Mr. Robert Glendining, in conjunction with whom he laid the foundation of the present extensive firm of Messrs Ross and Glendining. In 1870 Mr. Ross went Home to take charge of the firm's business in London, and resided there till 1902, when, on account of ill health, he returned to Dunedin. During his long sojourn in London Mr. Ross identified himself with many phases of active life in the great metropolis, and became a member of the London Chamber of Commerce, a Fellow of the Royal Geographical Society, and a Fellow of the Royal Colonial Institute, and of the Japan Society. He was also the London adviser of the National Insurance Company, and a director of the firm of Messrs Thos. Brown and Sons, of Brisbane. Mr. Ross was married, in 1870, to Miss Margaret Watson Cassels, of Dunedin, and has a family of three sons and three daughters. The eldest son is employed in the Wellington branch of the firm; the second is (1903–4) studying engineering at Cambridge University; and the youngest is employed at the Roslyn Worsted and Woollen Mills.
, Of the firm of Ross and Glendining, is elsewhere referred to as the Chairman of the Dunedin Drainage and Sewerage Board.
(Adolf Ahlfeld, Wilhelm Ahlfeld and Paul Kahlen-berg), Wholesale Fancy Goods Merchants and Indenters of English and Continental merchandise in all branches; Warehouse, Dowling Street, Dunedin, and at London, Humburg and Paris. This business was established in 1886 by the present firm, who are sole agents in New Zealand for the famous Wiesner pianos, Anchor sewing-machines and bicycles, Gaedke's cocoa, and the unrivalled Silver and Brilliant Packet starch.
(George Lyman Sise), General Merchants, Importers, and Commission Agents, 7 Bond Street, Dunedin. Telephone, 77. Bankers: Bank of New Zealand. Private residence, Queen Street. This business was founded in 1865, and has ever since its establishment been conducted under the present style. The firm is agent for the Eastern and Australian steamship company, whose steamers trade between Sydney, China, and Japan; and for Messrs. W. H. Peabody and Co.'s line of sailing vessels, trading between New York and New Zealand. It also acts on behalf of the North China insurance company. The leading lines of Messrs. Bates, Sise and Co.'s business are in British, American, and Eastern goods, which they import in almost endless varieties. They hold special agencies for Noonday oil (kerosene), Watson and McGtts tobaccos, Rambler bicycles, Pasiem niters, Brown's Glasgow corn-flour, and numerous other English and American agencies. The business extends throughout the Colony, but lies chiefly in the South Island, and the firm is represented by agents and travellers. Mr. Sise, who settled in Dunedin in 1863, is a director of Donaghy's Rope and Twine Company, Ltd., and is a member of the Otago and Southland Industrial Conciliation Board.
(David Baxter), Merchants, 27–29 Crawford Street, Dunedin. The proprietor of this well-known firm, who was born in Perthshire, Scotland, was educated at Edinburgh and Dundee. On leaving school, Mr. Baxter engaged in mercantile pursuits in the city of Perth. In 1856 he left the Old Country in the ship “Lightning” for Melbourne, and on his arrival in that Australian city secured an engagement in a mercantile house, where he remained for six years. In 1862 Mr. Baxter crossed over to Dunedin, and started in business as a merchant. In the following year Mr. Dobbie joined the firm, which traded under the style of Messrs Dobbie, Baxter and Co. until 1866, when Mr. Dobbie retired. Three years later Mr. Baxter married Miss M. McEwan, sister of the partners in the firm of Messrs McEwan and Co., merchants, Melbourne, and has one daughter. During his residence in Dunedin Mr. Baxter took an interest in municipal and local affairs. In 1868 he contested the South Ward for the City Council, against Mr. J. Griffen, by whom he was defeated by one vote. Mr. Baxter was one of the originators and a director of the Standard Fire and Marine Insurance Company, a justice of the peace, and an ex-president of the Dunedin Bowling Club. He was initiated into Freemasonry in Lodge Kilwinning, S.C., about 1868, after-wards becoming affiliated with Lodge Celtie.
(David Edward Theomin and Philip Isaacs), General Merchants, Importers and Wholesale Jewellers, Dowling Street, Dunedin. Telephone, 130; P.O. Box 281; Bankers, National Bank of New Zealand. Cable address, “Theomin, Dunedin.” Codes: A 1. and A.B.C., 4th edition. Branches, Lichfield Street, Christ-church; and Victoria Street, Wellington. Private residences: Mr. Theomin, “Olveston,” Royal Terrace; Mr. Isaacs, “Corrong,” Royal Terrace. London agents, Henry Nathan and Co., 102 Fore Street, E.G., better known in the Colonies as “Hoffnung's” of Sydney. This firm occupies a prominent place in the front rank of the general merchants and jewellery firms of New Zealand, and represents the union of the forces of the old houses of D. Benjamin and Co., P. and J. Isaacs, and Matheson Brothers. The original firm whose name is perpetuated was established by the senior partner in 1878, and a year later Mr. Isaacs founded the business of P. and J. Isaacs; and in 1888 these united firms purchased the old established business of Matheson Brothers, then being carried on in liquidation. The premises, which were originally built for Matheson Bros., and are held under a long lease, have been largely extended, and are now fully twice the original dimensions. The building, which faces Dowling Street, is a two storey brick structure, with a striking front; the total floorage space available is over 12,000 square feet, exclusive of two extensive bulk sheds, which have been added at the back, and two additional stores in another part of the city, increasing the total accommodation to about 20,000 square feet. The external appearance of the premises does not give the slightest indication of the magnitude of the firm's business. The visitor first enters through the silver and electro-plate department, which is stocked with a resplendent assortment of goods, carefully protected
(Mr. C. P. M. Butterworth, managing director), Warehousemen and Manufacturers, High Street, Dunedin. Telephone, 519. P.O. Box, 394. Bankers, Bank of New Zealand. Branches at Christchurch, Invercargill, and Wellington. Private residence of managing director, High Street, Roslyn. London House, Mr. J. J. Osborne, 80 Coleman Street, E.C. Cable address, “Thoraceque,” Dunedin. The late Mr. John Leach Butterworth established this well known soft goods house in the year 1862, under the style of Butterworth Bros. It was conducted as a private firm for over a quarter of a century, and in 1888 the business was incorporated under the “Companies Act,” 1888, as a private company.
, the managing director of Messrs. Butterworth Bros., Ltd., is the son of the founder of the firm, and was born at Dunedin in 1865. He was educated at Cheltenham College, England, and was brought up to the soft goods trade in the London office of the firm, and in Dunedin, and has been engaged in the business since leaving school—becoming managing director of the company in 1891 on the death of his father. Mr. Butterworth takes general interest in athletics, specially rowing and golf; he is vice-president of the Otago Rowing Club, and an old member of the Otago Football Club. In 1895 he married a daughter of the Hon. B. Backhouse, of Sydney, New South Wales.
(William Robert Cameron), Exporters of Dairy Produce, Wool, Sheep and Rabbit Skins, 194 Princes Street, Dunedin. Telephone, 736. P.O.Box, 406. Bankers, Bank of New Zealand. Private residence, Roslyn. This business was established by Mr. Cameron in 1890. The firm is a large buyer of dairy produce of all kinds, from the various dairy factories, and of rabbit and sheep skins and wool, which it exports to the various markets of Great Britain and Australia. It is often en
(Walter Taine, Manager), Manufacturers of Varnishes, Lacquers, Japans, etc., Antifriction, and all kinds of Greases, Crawford Street, Dunedin. Telephone, 127. P.O. Box, 170. Bankers, National Bank of New Zealand, Limited. The large and growing business of the Chemical Stores Company was established by the present manager in Bond Street in 1890. Though commencing in a comparatively small way, the business of the company expanded rapidly till January, 1897, when a fire totally destroyed the premises and stock. Mr. Taine then secured a Harbour Board leasehold, and tenders were let for the construction of the building, of which a front view is given in the illustration. This building is of brick, and two stories in height. Though the original floorage space was large, the manager soon found himself obliged to erect additional accommodation, and the chimney stack was made nearly twice the original size. On the ground floor front, facing Crawford Street, the company has its public and private offices; the factory and laboratory are at the rear, and the case making and packing department is on the second floor. A large gas engine drives the crushing and other machinery engaged in the manufacturing department. The manager is assisted by experts; eight persons are employed in the preparation of the various lines compounded at the works; and products of the company's factory find a ready market in all parts of New Zealand, two travellers being continually engaged in the sale of the company's manufactures. This company's brand of varnishes is known as “Ironclad,” which appears on every package produced or packed by the company. Many varieties of varnishes are made for coach and house painters, as well as japanners. The coach varnishes include the finest finishing body, hard carriage or flatting, waggon, black enamel, black japan, gold size, and agricultural implement varnishes. The varieties for decorators, cabinet makers, and house painters, include finest French oil, white marble, pale maple copal, finest oak, hard church oak, gold size, black japan, Berlin black, terebine, white and brown hard spirit, brush polish turpentine varnish, and best stains in oaks, maple, mahogany, cedar, and walnut. Japanners' varnishes include gold size, best black Pontipool, Berlin black stoving, fine pale polishing stoving, and best mixing kinds. Several varieties of paint oils are put up by the company, and special preparations for oiling cylinders and valves, and also general lubricating oils, of both the pale and dark varieties. The Oils comprise engine oil, extra refined, and an axle oil for colliery trucks, and railway cars and waggons; the pale oils being specially adapted for gas engines, agricultural, dairy, and other machinery. The company's antifriction greases specially prepared for the axles of locomotives, carriages, trains, waggons, or dairy
, Merchant and Commission Agent, Bond Street, Dunedin. Telephones: Office, 763, private residence, 479. P.O. Box, 635. Bankers, Bank of New Zealand. Private residence, 36 Melville Street. Mr. Denniston—who has held the important position of Lloyd's Agent since 1884—is more fully referred to as Consul for Belgium.
, Indent Merchants and Manufacturers' Agents, 40 Great King Street, Dunedin. This business was founded in 1902, to indent all classes of hardware for engineers, builders and plumbers. So far the firm has been very successful, having been appointed agents for the following lines: wood-working machinery of every description, manufactured by Messrs T. and R. Lees, Hollingwood, England; the famous capital high-speed steel, for engineers, from the works of Messrs Seebohn and Dieckstahl, Sheffield, England, one of the oldest steel manufacturing firms in the Old Country; high-class varnishes, japans, lacquers, enamels, paints and colours, from Arthur Holden and Sons' works in Birmingham, contractors to H.M. Government; and boots and shoes, made by E. D. Loos and Sons, Northampton, England. Messrs Drummond and Co. are also agents for the South Island for Messrs Dongill and Co.'s Otto Gas Engines.
was born in Glasgow, Scotland, in 1874, and arrived in New Zealand in 1881. He was educated at the Port Chalmers High School, and subsequently returned to Glasgow to learn shipbuilding, marine engineering, and draughtsmanship. After serving an apprenticeship of eight years Mr. Drummond returned to the colony, and accepted a position as draughtsman with Messrs F. W. Payne and J. C. McGeorge. Soon after the mining boom broke out, he was entrusted with the building of two dredges in Central Otago, which he successfully accomplished. He established his present business in 1902. Mr. Drummond is a member of the Dunedin Bowling and Tennis Clubs, and is also an enthusiastic player of the association game of football.
(Thomas Kew Harty), Merchants, Indentors, Insurance, Shipping and General Commission agents, Bond Street, Dunedin. Telephone, 1358; P.O. Box, 353. Bankers, Bank of New Zealand. Private residence, Frederick Street, Roslyn. This well-known firin was founded by the present proprietor in 1885. Messrs Harty and Co. are importers of tea, groceries, wines, spirits, and general merchandise of all kinds; as exporters they ship wool, rabbit skins, hides, flax, butter, cheese, and general produce on their own account or as brokers and agents. Having agencies in London, Calcutta, Madras, Colombo, New York, Melbourne, and at other ports, they are thus enabled to conduct a large trade. They represent A. Melrose and Co., of Edinburgh, Shrager Brothers, of Calcutta, J. and H. Vandespar and Co., of Colombo, G. W. Daniel, of Cadiz and Oporto, Grosvenor, Chater and Company, Ltd., of London, Warmuth and Co., of Dresden; and De Lissa and Sons, of London, besides several New Zealand meat companies and dairy factories. As insurance agents, Messrs Harty and Co. act for the North German Fire Insurance office of Hamburg. Their operations extend throughout New Zealand, the business being transacted largely by local agents in the various parts of the Colony. Mr. Harty is a Fellow of the Incorporated Institute of Accountants of New Zealand. In addition to auditing and investigating accounts, he acts as agent, arbitrator and attorney for absentees and others, in the purchase, sale, or administration of estates, and generally in a fiduciary capacity, Mr. Harty was born in London, and came to the Colony in 1874. He became accountant to Messrs Neill and Boyd, general merchants, and was afterwards with Messrs Neill Bros., as manager, for seven years, before starling his present business. He was married in 1879 to a daughter of Captain Walsh—of the Imperial Army—and has two sons and one daughter.
(members of the firm of Hayman and Co., of 3 Coleman Street, London, E.C., partners), Merchants, Importers of Watches, Jewellery, Fancy Goods, Tobacco and Cigars, Cutlery, and Crockery, Rattray Street, Dunedin (head office for New Zealand). Telephone, 143. P.O. Box, 226. Bankers, Bank of New South Wales. Manager for New Zealand, Mr. Max Hayman. Branches: Lichfield Street, Christ church (Mr. A. Fairburn, local manager); Victoria Street, Wellington (Mr. J. Lachmann, local manager); and at Customs Street, Auckland (Mr. L. Benjamin, local manager). London house, Hayman and Co., 3 Coleman Street, E.C. This old and successful business was established in Birmingham, as Hayman and Co., and in Melbourne, as P. Hayman and Co., in the year 1850 by Philip and Louis Hayman, the latter taking charge of the buying and shipping of the goods in England, and the former acting as resident partner in the Victorian capital. After ten prosperous years in Melbourne the New Zealand branch was decided upon. This was at the time of the gold “rush” to the early Otago diggings, and the New Zealand firm commenced business in 1861, under the style of P. Hayman and Co.; the two founders died some years ago, and shortly after Mr. Philip Hayman's death the Melbourne house was closed. The business has since been carried on by the nephews of the original partners now residing in London, to which the head quarters of the firm were transferred in 1884. The New Zealand branch, at its commencement, was situated in small premises in High Street. The business, however, developed so rapidly that more commodious quarters were imperatively demanded. A portion of the fine warehouse now occupied as the residence of the firm in Rattray Street, was shortly afterwards erected on a convenient section of land 166 feet in depth. The building had at first only forty-two feet frontage, but extended the full distance back, and for several years this served all the purposes of the business. In 1875 the premises were considerably enlarged; the warehouse now has about eighty feet frontage and extends back 166 feet. It is a two storey brick structure and is connected by a covered bridge with a large brick building at the back of the main warehouse. There are two spacious entrances from Rattray Street, both having folding doors; that on the right entering the general offices, while the other opens into the warehouse. Immediately on the right of the first named entrance, is the jewellery strong room of the firm, built in solid concrete, the walls, floor and ceiling being constructed of fire proof material; the windows are furnished with iron shutters, and the doors are of solid iron. Within, a most valuable stock of watches and jewellery is kept. Several massive safes being utilised for storing the enormous variety held by Messrs. Hayman and Co. Behind the jewellery strong room are the general offices, which are handsome and well furnished. The floor above this part of the premises is used for the storage of Messrs. Hayman and Co.'s bonded stock, which is very extensive. Two thirds of the ground floor of the main warehouse are used for various departments of the business. First are tobacconists' goods, including cigars, cigarettes and tobacco itself in many qualities, and various brands, besides pipes in endless profusion; and all classes of goods required by traders in this line. Behind this section are Sheffield goods embracing cutlery in marvellous styles, in handsome cases and boxes as well as in neat packets. Further back is the electroplated ware, some very large show cases being brought into requisition to display the handsome assortment of this choice stock. On the opposite side of this large apartment is a very important branch of Messrs. Hayman and Co.'s trade—the stationery department. Here are kept on hand immense stocks of ledgers, journals, cash and other books required by business firms generally, and every description of stationery goods is held, the firm having special facilities for supplying all lines of the best quality and at the lowest possible price. More to the front are the optical goods, which include sight testing apparatus, frames in gold, silver, and steel, various lenses—microscope, telescope, and opera glasses—and numerous other lines which cannot be particularised. The centre of this part of the warehouse contains a large ornamental stand with pillars and canopy for displaying tobaccos. Ascending by a spacious and handsome staircase to the first floor, the visitor reaches the patent medicine and drug department, where remedies for “all the ills that flesh is heir to” are kept carefully put up in boxes,
(John Hobbs Kirk and James Harrison Jones), Wool, Skin, and Rabbit-skin Merchants, Bond and Crawford Streets, Dunedin. Branches: At Invercargill and Gore.
(James Taylor MacKerras and James Hazlett), Merchants and Importers, Bond and Crawford Streets, Dunedin; Telephone 30; P.O. Box, 107; Bankers: Bank of New Zealand; Private residences: Mr. MacKerras, Upper Forth Place; Mr. Hazlett, High Street. This well-known firm was established in 1862 by Mr. MacKerras in conjunction with a former partner; in 1878 he became associated with Mr. Hazlett, who had for some years previously been in business as a general merchant at Clyde and other goldfields towns. Messrs. MacKerras and Hazlett's warehouse and offices are erected on freehold land in Bond Street, and consist of a large two storey brick and stone building, with a cellar. In addition to these premises, they have a large bond (a three storey brick and stone building) in Crawford Street. The firm do a large business throughout the entire Colony. They are large importers of all classes of goods, including general merchandise, wines, spirits, tea, sugar, tobacco, etc. As packers and blenders of tea they do a considerable trade, and maintain a very large number of special agencies. Mr. MacKerras is referred to in another article as a member of the Otago Harbour Board, and Mr. Hazlett as a member of the Benevolent Institution.
, Manufacturer, Indent Agent, and Importer, 47 Crawford Street, Dunedin. Head Office, 116 William Street, Melbourne. This firm was established in Flinders Lane, Melbourne, about the year 1890. Mr. Henry Markwald, the proprietor, was then single-handed, but the business has spread so rapidly that he has now 110 employees, and has branch offices in London, Sydney, Brisbane, Adelaide, Perth, Auckland, Wellington, Christchurch, and Dunedin, and is also represented in India. Mr. Markwald imports, manufactures, and stocks about 400 lines, covering every class of goods required
, the Dunedin Manager, was born in 1869, near Napier, Hawke's Bay, where his father was a runholder. He spent several years at Wanganui College, and then went Home to complete his education at the Millhead school, North London. His first commercial appointment was that of head shipping clerk in the firm of Messrs Archibald Currie and Company, of Melbourne, proprietors of the Indian and Australian line of steamships. After holding that position for six years, he took a trip round the world, and later on spent four or five years in sheepfarming with his father at Wanganui. Mr. Whiteman entered the firm of Henry Markwald in 1899, and was engaged for the first six months in auditing the books at the various branches. He was then appointed town traveller for the firm in Melbourne, and in November, 1900, was promoted to his present responsible position. He was the promoter of (and is at present —1904—one of the principal shareholders in) the New Zealand Acetylene Gas Lighting Company, the Taipo Explosive Syndicate of New Zealand, Limited, the Victorian Explosive Syndicate, and the Military and Naval High Explosive Company of New Zealand; and he is also connected with other commercial ventures in Dunedin. Mr. Whiteman was married, in 1893, to Miss Thompson, of Folkstone, near Dover, England, and has one daughter. His private residence is prettily situated at the northern end of the town, and was well known as the home of the late Mr. Justice Chapman.
(John Roberts, C.M.G., and the firm of Sanderson, Murray and Co., of London), Wool Merchants, Stock and Station Agents, General Importers and Indentors, Liverpool Street, Dunedin. Telephone 180. P.O. Box, 345. Bankers, Bank of New South Wales. Cable address, “Corlinda,” Dunedin. Codes, A.B.C. and A.1. Branches, Featherston Street, Wellington, and at Napier. Fellmongery, Green Island. London house, Sanderson, Murray and Co., 2 Gresham Buildings, Basinghall Street, E.C. Melbourne and Sydney houses, John Sanderson and Co. This large and well-known firm is an offshoot of the old established house of Sanderson, Murray and Co., of London, the firm being known in New South Wales and Victoria as John Sanderson and Co. The New Zealand house was established in Dunedin in 1868 by Mr. John Roberts, C.M.G., who came over from Melbourne for that purpose, having been with Messrs. J. Sanderson and Co. for about four years. In 1875 the demands of the business necessitated the establishment of a branch of the firm in the capital city of the Colony, and not long afterwards the Napier branch was opened. The head office of Messrs. Murray, Roberts and Co. is in a handsome, freehold, two-storey brick building, with Oamaru stone pillars and facings, which was erected to the order of the firm at the corner of Liverpool and Crawford Streets. Messrs. Murray, Roberts and Co. transact business throughout New Zealand with farmers, graziers, and settlers generally, to whom they make advances on security of stock and wool—either in bales or on the sheep's backs. They supply their customers with general merchandise, seeds of the finest quality, wool packs, fencing wire, and any other necessaries. Wool, grain, sheep, and rabbit skins, hides, frozen meat, and other produce are received on consignment or otherwise, for shipment to London, where they are realised to best advantage. Messrs. Murray, Roberts and Co. (New Zealand house) are the second largest exporters of wool, while the London house ranks third in value of wool imported into the United Kingdom. The firm act as agents in Otago, Wellington, and Hawke's Bay for the British and Foreign Marine Insurance Company, Ltd., of London and Liverpool, and for the North British and Mercantile Insurance Company, of London and Edinburgh. In articles required by sheepfarmers and station holders generally, they are agents for Cooper's Poisonous Sheep Dipping Powder, Little's Celebrated Non-Poisonous Sheep Dip, Joseph Fison and Co.'s Fertilizers, and Berger's Sheen Branding Oils. They are also agents' for Read Bros.' “Bull Dog” Ale and Stout. As shipping agents, they represent the Shaw, Savill and Albion direct line of mail steamers, and act as loading agents for the Shire line of steamers. Messrs. Murray, Roberts and Co. also represent Messrs. Robert Campbell and Sons, Ltd., station owners. The firm holds several large station properties, the leading property being “Gladbrook” station, Strath Taieri, where about 45,000 sheep are shorn annually. Cattle are also fattened for the market on the several estates of the firm. Messrs. Murray, Roberts and Co. have taken considerable interest in the question of shipping live stock, and have imported some very choice Polled Angus cattle; for these and their progeny several prizes have already been taken at local shows. Mr. John Roberts, C.M.G., personally, is referred to amongst the former Mayors of Dunedin.
Directors:—Messrs. H. R. Grenfell (chairman), W. S. Davidson, J. Morrison, and L. E. Smith, Right Hon. Lord Ebury and the Hon. A. J. Brand, and James Macandrew; general manager in the Colonies, Mr. J. M. Ritchie, Dunedin; Manager in Melbourne, Mr. H. B. Black, 483 Collins Street; Manager and secretary in London, Mr. W. Brodie; Manager at Dunedin, Mr. W. Henderson. Chief office for the Colonies, 11 Bond Street, Dunedin. Branches at Christchurch. Invercargill, Oamaru, Timaru, Gore, Mataura, and Melbourne. Head office, 8 Great Winchester Street, London, E.C. This company, which has a subscribed capital of £1,000,000 of which £200,000 has been called up and paid, is an English company, promoted in London in 1876. Mr. Edward Pearce of Wellington was its first representative in New Zealand. In 1877 the company acquired the business of Messrs. Russell, Ritchie and Co., which had been established by Messrs. George Gray Russell and John MacFarlane Ritchie some years previously as general merchants in Dunedin and Timaru. The National Mortgage and Agency Company transacts business generally throughout the Colonies, including the lending of money on the mortgage of freehold and other securities. Consignments of produce, such as grain, wool, tallow, frozen meat, sheep and rabbit skins, hemp, butter, and cheese, are accepted by the company at any of its branches, and liberal advances are made to consigners pending realisation. The company conducts business as auctioneers, and acts as stock or station agents, shipping and general commission agents; and regular and periodical auction sales are held—under the company's auspices—by its auctioneers, as may be required. As shipping agents the company represents the Shaw Savill and Albion Company, Ltd., in New Zealand, and the Union Steamship Company at Timaru where it is also Lloyds' agent; and in the matter of commercial agencies it acts for the “Coral Queen” guano. Cross and Sons' Fertilizers; Robey and Company's machinery; and Tomlinson and Heyward's Sheep Dip. A monthly report of the produce markets is issued by the company in London for transmission to the Colonies by each four weekly mail, and this has now been continued for many years.
, J.P., General Manager for the Colonies of the National Mortgage and Agency Company of New Zealand, Ltd., Attorney for the New Zealand and Australian Land Company, Ltd., Chairman of the National Insurance Company of New Zealand, and a director of the Union Steam Ship Company of New Zealand, Ltd., and of the Trustees, Executors and Agency Company, Ltd., is a colonist of nearly forty years standing. Mr. Ritchie was born in Scotland. When he met Mr. George Gray Russell in London, arrangements were entered into to go to Otago and commence business as general merchants, importers, and agents for a considerable number of syndicates, that had bought land in New Zealand. In consequence of this agreement Mr. Ritchie went to Port Chalmers in 1865 in the ship “Aboukir.” Mr. Russell arriving about the same time by another vessel, the firm of Russell, Ritchie and Co. was forthwith founded. The business was conducted jointly by the partners in New Zealand till 1873, when Mr. Russell went to England and opened a London house for the firm, remaining there as resident partner, and Mr. Ritchie taking charge of the business in the Colony. Four years later Mr. Russell returned to New Zealand, having completed negotiations with the National Mortgage and Agency Company of New Zealand, to take over the business of his firm. The various land syndicates for whom Messrs. Russell, Ritchie and Co. had acted since the establishment of their business, soon afterwards became merged in the New Zealand and Australian Land Company, for which Mr. Ritchie has been attorney since 1868. He has been well known as an enterprising colonist, and for a number of years served as a member of the Otago Harbour Board; otherwise, he has declined public life, his time being fully engaged in connection with his numerous mercantile interests.
, Manager of the National Mortgage and Agency Company of New Zealand, was born in the year 1845, in Aberdeen, Scotland, where he was educated. His early business experiences were received in connection with the Inland Revenue department. In 1867 he arrived in Port Chalmers by the ship “William Davie,” and entered the service of the New Zealand and Australian Land Company in Southland. He was afterwards accountant in the office of Mr. James Harvey, solicitor, Invercargill, and, later still, was connected, successively, with the Bank of Otago and the National Bank of New Zealand, in Dunedin. He left the bank to join Messrs Guthrie and Larnach as correspondent, at the time Mr. Larnach joined the firm, and in 1879, he went to London to represent them as buyer. Three years later Mr. Henderson returned to Dunedin, as manager of Messrs. Guthrie and Larnach's business in the city; and held the position till 1887—the year of the fire—when he was appointed to the position he now holds under the National Mortgage and Agency Company of New Zealand, Ltd.
(P. C. Neill, director), Merchants, General Importers and Indentors, Ship and Insurance Agents, Dunedin. Offices and Bonded Store, Bond, Water, Crawford, and Liverpool Streets. Free Stores, Vogel and Crawford Streets. Telephones: shipping department, 730; goods department, 32. Cable address, “Palma,” Dunedin. Codes, A.B.C., A.1., and Scott's. Private residence of Mr. Neill, Chingford, North East Valley. The firm of Messrs. Neill and Company was established in 1866 by Mr P. C. Neill, in conjunction with Messrs. Henty and Co., of Melbourne, as general merchants and importers. About nine years later the Melbourne house retired from the business, which was successfully continued by Mr. Neill till its incorporation as a limited company in 1882. Messrs. Neill and Company, Ltd., are large importers of wines, spirits, and general merchandise of every kind in which they deal, and on account of clients they are shippers of wool, tallow, rabbit skins, and other produce. They hold shipping agencies for the Huddart, Parker and Company Proprietary, Ltd.'s intercolonial line of steamers, for the Messageries Maritimes Compagnie of France, and the North German Lloyd's lines of Australian and European steamers, for Mailler and Quereau (New York line), Gracie, Beazley and Co.'s Liverpool line of sailers, and for Donald Currie and Co.'s Cape line of steamers. As insurance agents, the firm represents the Guardian Insurance Company of London. The noted “Spring Blossom” brand of tea is a special line with Messrs. Neill and Company, the finest qualities being imported from the best markets, blended under the supervision of the firm's expert, and packed in cases, tins, and leads in the free store. The premises occupied by the company are very extensive; the offices and bonded stores, which are Mr. P. C. Neill's freehold property, comprise a two-storey brick structure
Offices and store, Corner of Rattray and Castle Streets, Dunedin. Telephone, 25. Bankers, Union Bank of Australia. Manager, Mr. Andrew Todd. Private residence of manager, Maori Hill. Head office, Wellington. Information regarding this well known company is given on page 716 of the Wellington volume of the Cyclopedia of New Zealand. The company's fine warehouse and office in Dunedin are conveniently situated with respect to both railway and shipping. The older portions of the building were erected in 1876 by the late Mr. Henry Driver, and at that time comprised the only building on the reclaimed land, the tide surrounding it at high water. The new portion was put up in 1885 and is built of Port Chalmers blue stone with Oamaru stone facings—the other portion being in blue stone. The whole building, which is two stories in height, covers about an acre of land, and is served by a railway siding. Regular auction sales are conducted as follows: Mondays, grain and rabbit skins; Tuesdays, sheep skins; and Wednesdays, fat stock at Burnside yards. Fortnightly sales are held at Milton, Balclutha and Clinton, and periodical sales in Central Otago.
Is well known as the manager and one of the auctioneers of the New Zealand Loan and Mercantile Agency Company's Dunedin branch. He was born in Scotland in 1854, and was educated at St. Andrews; was brought up to mercantile life, and came out to the Colonies in the ship “Loch Tay,” landing at Melbourne in 1879. Soon afterwards, Mr. Todd removed to Wellington, where he entered the service of the Loan and Mercantile Agency Company in 1880, as a general clerk. In the following year, he was transferred to Auckland, then the head office, and two years later to Dunedin, as assistant accountant. Mr. Todd became manager of the Wellington branch in 1885, and continued there for over five years, till transferred to Dunedin in 1890 to fill the office he still holds. During his residence in Wellington, Mr. Todd was one of the promoters of the Agricultural and Pastoral Society, and was a member of the committee of that body. He was for some years a director of the Wellington Meat Export Co. Mr. Todd has been a member of the Dunedin Agricultural and Pastoral Society for fourteen years, and was president in 1899. He takes a great interest in golfing, and is now (1904) captain of the Otago golf club. For seven years he has acted as chairman of the Dunedin Stock Agents and Wool and Grain Brokers' Association. He is a director of the Dunedin Saleyards Company and of the Live Stock and General Insurance Company. Mr. Todd was married in 1887 to a daughter of the late Mr. David King, of Roseneath, Scotland, and has two sons and two daughters.
(James Shiel, James H. Nimmo, and George W. Gibson), Seed Merchants and Growers, Triangle, Dunedin. Telephone, 94. P.O. Box, 129. Bankers, Bank of New Zealand. Private residences: Mr. Shiel, Queen Street; Mr. Nimmo, High Street; and Mr. Gibson, Queen Street. Established in 1876 by Mr. Robert Nimmo (who died in 1891) and John Blair (who retired in 1895, in favour of Mr. Gibson), this business has grown into very large proportions. The premises of the firm, which have 113 feet frontage to the Triangle, and 86 feet depth, consist of a three-storey brick building fully occupied in connection with the business, which is both wholesale and retail. As growers of seeds themselves and under contract with farmers, Messrs Nimmo and Blair have altogether 1000 acres under crop in North and South Canterbury, Marlborough, Nelson, and Victoria. They ship large quantities of seeds to England, Germany, France, Italy, India, Africa, America, Argentine, and all the Australian colonies. The celebrated “Standard” seeds of this firm are
Is the senior partner of the well-known and large seed importers and growers, Messrs Nimmo and Blair. He was born in 1856 at Goldstream, Berwickshire, Scotland, and was educated and brought up to the seed business in his native place. After ten years' experience in a similar capacity in Dublin, Mr. Shiel came to New Zealand by way of Melbourne in 1885, and started a small seed growing business at Rangiora, Canterbury. Some three years later he joined Messrs Nimmo and Blair as junior partner, and has since advanced to the position of senior in the firm.
, Crawford Street, Dunedin. Bankers, Bank of Australasia. Telegraphic address, “Otago Farmers', Dunedin.” Managing Director Mr. James Harrison. Auctioneer and Produce Manager, Mr Lachlan Maclean, Secretary, Mr. John Couchman. This Association was incorporated in February, 1895, to buy and sell goods, stores, consumable articles, and effects of all kinds; to offer facilities to farmers for shipment of their produce to the various markets of the world, and to appoint agents in various localities for the furtherance of that object; to make advances upon such real and personal securities as might be approved of by the directors, and to extend the business in any direction that might seem likely to benefit the members. The nominal capital of the Association was £20,000, in 20,000 shares of £1 each. During the earlier part of the existence of the Association its progress was satisfactory, but in 1900, owing to the severe losses arising from a fall of prices in the London wool market, the young company met with a reverse in its steady progress. The shareholders, however, had every confidence in the Association as a profitable undertaking, and, with the increased volume of business being done in Dunedin and at the various agencies, the directors had every hope of the deficiencies being soon made up. New shares were, therefore, taken up, and this enabled the Association to extend its operations, with the result that the Association overcame temporary difficulties and strengthened its financial position. Five shares in the Dunedin Saleyards Company were bought, and these gave the Association a valuable asset and a status not previously enjoyed. A large and commodious warehouse and offices in brick were built in Crawford Street, where sales of rabbit and sheep skins are held, respectively on Monday and Tuesday. Live stock sales are held each Wednesday at Burnside sale-yards; and country stock sales are held monthly at Owaka, and fortnightly at Balclutha. The Association executes orders for farm implements and machinery, manures and seeds, cornsacks, woolpacks, ironmongery, household stores and farmers' requisites of all kinds on the most favourable terms. It is sole agent in Otago for the Farmers' Co-operative Fire and Marine Insurance Association of New Zealand. The Association is now a prosperous and dividend-paying concern, and its future promises to be one of unlimited extension.
, Managing Director of the Otago Farmers' Co-operative Association, was born in Dunedin in 1850. He is the eldest son of the late Mr. Thomas Harrison, of East Taieri, who arrived by the ship “Blundell” in 1848, and died in 1885. Mr. Harrison was educated partly at East Taieri school and partly in Dunedin, and was farming in the Taieri until 1888. He then bought property at Middlemarch, but let it on lease in 1900, to take up his present position in the Otago Farmers' Association, with which he has been connected since its inception. Mr. Harrison was one of the first Provisional Directors of the Association, and succeeded Mr. Freeman, the first Managing Director, who retired in 1902, through ill-health. He has for years taken an active interest in local affairs, and was for ten years a member of the Taieri County Council; at present he is a member of the Charitable Aid Board and of the Dunedin Hospital Committee. Mr. Harrison married Miss Mackie, daughter of the late Mr. Thomas Mackie, who occupied an important position in the Mosgiel Woollen Factory.
(Alexander Stronach Paterson), General Merchants, Lower Rattray Street, Dunedin. Telephone, 125. Post Office Box, 368. Bankers: Bank of New Zealand. Private residence, High Street. Cable address, “Aspasia,” Dunedin. Codes, A.1., Commercial, and A.B.C. Branches: National Mutual Buildings, Custom House Quay, Wellington, and Shortland Street, Auckland; London house, 16 St. Helen's Place, E.C. The business was established in 1886 in Dunedin; the Wellington branch was opened three years later, and that in Auckland in 1895. The trade of the firm extends to all parts of the Colony. They make a special line of sugar, of which they are the largest importers at the various New Zealand ports where they do business. The firm are agents in New Zealand for the Millaquin and Yengarie sugar company, of Queensland, and for the China sugar refining company, of Hong Kong. Messrs Paterson and
(James Rattray, J.P., and Charles William Rattray), General Merchants and Commission Agents, Corner of Bond and Water Streets, Dunedin. Telephone, 63. P.O. Box, 173. Bankers, National Bank of New Zealand. Private residences: Mr. J. Rattray, “Craighall,” Eglinton; Mr. C. W. Rattray, High Street. This business was established in 1874 by the senior partner, who, singly, conducted the business under the style of J. Rattray and Co. till the end of 1887. Mr. C. W. Rattray, son of the founder, was then admitted a partner, and the firm has since been carried on as at present constituted.
(C. Eugene Remshardt), Wool, Skin, and Hide Merchants, Vogel and Cumberland Streets, Dunedin. Telephone, 1283. P.O. Box, 387. Bankers, Bank of Australasia. Private residence, Waikari. The firm was originally established in 1881 by the present proprietor, Mr. C. E. Remshardt, who about three years later admitted Mr. Arthur McDonald into partnership under the style of Remshardt, McDonald and Co. After a prosperous existence of nearly four years, the partnership was dissolved by mutual consent, and Mr. Remshardt has since carried on the business as at present constituted. The large building occupied by the firm, which was erected on Harbour Board leasehold land for Messrs Hogg, Howison and Co. for the Mutual Agency Company, has been acquired by Mr. Remshardt. It is a three storey brick building with roomy cellar, having large frontages to Vogel and Cumberland Streets. Messrs Remshardt and Co. occupy the ground and first floor and cellar, the upper flat being let. The principal entrance is from Vogel Street, on which side the offices are located, and the store and cart entrance is in Cumberland Street. Mr. Remshardt was, in conjunction with Mr. McDonald, among the first to establish the rabbit skin industry in New Zealand, and to introduce careful classing of the skins. The proprietor having made a particular study of this trade, besides opening communication with European, American, and Eastern firms, it is not surprising that enterprise and industry have been rewarded by the development of an extensive business. Some idea of the extent of the firm's export trade in rabbit skins alone may be gleaned from the fact, that from 800 to 1200 bales containing several millions of skins are shipped every year. Messrs Remshardt and Co., who purchase largely at Dunedin auction sales as well as privately, are so well known as buyers of these skins that they receive consignments from customers in all parts of Otago, as well as from Southland, Marlborough, and Wellington, and sometimes from the province of Auckland; they are also large buyers and shippers of wool, sheepskins, hides, horsehair, flax, frozen meats, and other similar lines. Mr. Remshardt, who is a naturalized British subject, was born in South Germany in 1848, and was educated in his native land till attaining the age of seventeen, when he went to London. After two or three years in Mincing and Mark Lanes, where he gained a practical knowledge of mercantile pursuits, he went to America, and was engaged in the import and export trades in Texas and New York for three years. On returning to London, he remained there as junior partner in a Mincing Lane export firm, for a further period of nearly three years, and came to New Zealand in January, 1875. Mr. Remshardt obtained the appointment of accountant to the New Zealand Insurance Company in Dunedin, under Mr. G. Eliott, and filled the position for over five years, when he left to establish the present business. As a Freemason, he is attached to Lodge Dunedin. In 1877 Mr. Remshardt was married to a daughter of the late Mr. F. Roberts, of Dunedin, and has two daughters.
(William Eric Reynolds), Wool, Grain, Seed, and Produce Merchants, Bond and Crawford Streets, Dunedin. Telephone, 460. P.O. Box, 42. Bankers, Bank of New Zealand. Cable address, “Montecillo,” Dunedin. Private residence, “Reston,” Lees Street. This business was founded in 1886, and bought by the present owner four years later. The building, which appears in the engraving, contains over 8000 square feet of floorage space. The firm act as agents for the North Queensland Fire and Marine Insurance Company in Otago, and Dux and Blue gang ploughs for the colony of New Zealand.
, Merchants and General Importers, Corner of Bond, Jetty, and Crawford Streets, Dunedin. Telephone, 72, P.O. Box, 2. Bankers, Bank of New South Wales. This prominent mercantile house was originally established in 1861 by Messrs. Andrew, James, and William Scoular. On the death of Mr. Andrew Scoular in Melbourne in 1864, the title was altered to W. and J. Scoular, under which the business was conducted till 1882; in that year Mr. James Scoular retired from the firm, which has ever since been conducted as W. Scoular and Co. Mr. W. Scoular's death by drowning, together with that of his wife and two daughters, on the occasion of the wreck of the ill-fated S.S. “Wairarapa” at the Great Barrier Island in October, 1894, was a great shock to his numerous friends
(Charles Henry Tucker and Thomas Alfred Maitland), General Merchants, 22 Vogel Street, Dunedin. Telephone, 195. P.O. Box, 148. Bankers, National Bank of New Zealand. Private residences: Mr. Tucker, 96 High Street; Mr. Maitland, 342 George Street. This business was established over thirty years ago by Messrs Hogg, Howison and Co., who were succeeded by the present firm early in 1894. Messrs Tucker and Co. are importers of general merchandise, but their special lines are teas, which they blend and pack in tins and lead; the principal brands are “May Flower” and “Babu.” They are sole agents in New Zealand for “Old Sport” tobacco, their trade extending from Auckland to the Bluff. Mr. Tucker was born in 1859 in London, where he was educated, brought up to mercantile life, and was subsequently in business as a merchant, as a partner in the firm of Messrs. R. Burrow and Co. Arriving in New Zealand in the “Aorangi” in 1885, he became accountant to Messrs. Hogg, Howison and Co., and, on the liquidation of that firm, became the purchaser. Mr. Maitland, who was born in Glasgow in 1859, was educated at Ibrox Academy, and was subsequently put to the sewed muslin trade. After various London and Glasgow experiences in business circles, he came out to New Zealand in 1886, and shortly afterwards joined Messrs Hogg, Howison and Co., as traveller; and after being so engaged for seven years, he joined Mr. Tucker in establishing the present business.
(Thomas Shepherd Culling and Leslie Robert Wilson), General Merchants and Importers, Coffee and Spice Merchants, Bond and Jetty Streets, Dunedin. Factory, Moray Place. This firm was originally established by Mr. Robert Wilson in 1861; twenty-seven years later Mr. T. S. Culling was admitted a partner, and on the 1st of January, 1895, the founder retired in favour of his eldest son. The commodious two storey brick building which is the head quarters of the firm, was erected by Mr. Wilson, senior, who purchased the freehold including one of the first shops in Dunedin, known in the early days as “Johnny Jones' Store,” which was subsequently demolished and replaced, in 1872, by the present structure. The entire premises are occupied by the firm, save a portion of the first floor, which is let for offices. A portion of the building is used for storing Messrs. Wilson and Co.'s bonded stock. The firm imports large shipments of all classes of wines, spirits, and general merchandise, through its London buyers. It holds agencies for “Lochiel,” “Buchanan,” and “House of Commons” whiskies, and “Bisquet du Bouch” brandies, besides many others. The trade of this well known house extends from the Bluff to Geraldine, and covers the whole of the West Coast of the South Island, and it has four travellers regularly on the road. At the Moray Place Factory, which is held under lease, there is a complete grinding, sifting, cleaning and mixing plant for treating coffees, spices, teas, etc. Besides these lines, the firm makes candied peels, washing soda, brooms and other goods, its well known brand “Victor” being popular throughout the circle of its clients, and with the public generally. Messrs Wilson import teas largely, chiefly
, who was well known in Dunedin as a merchant, and generally in connection with important companies, was born in County Tyrone, Ireland, in 1832. Educated at the local school, and brought up on his father's farm, he came out to Victoria in 1853, and, having settled in Geelong, became a proprietor of horses and carts, and commenced business as a carrier. In 1861, having chartered a vessel to carry goods to New Zealand, he crossed the Tasman Sea, and made his home in Dunedin, where he founded the firm which bears his name. His first warehouse was in Stafford Street—then the leading business street of the city—and he subsequently removed to Bond Street. Mr. Wilson was one of the first promoters of the National Insurance Company, of the Colonial Bank of New Zealand (of which he was a director till 1884, when he visited England), the Kaitangata Railway and Coal Company, and the New Zealand Hardware Company. He had much to do with the formation of what is claimed to be the first refrigerating company in the colonies; and wrote a letter to the “Otago Daily Times,” offering to subscribe £100, on condition that nineteen others subscribed a similar amount, to test the matter. The Chamber of Commerce took up the offer, called a meeting, and a company was duly formed. Thus the initiation of one of the most important of colonial industries can be traced back to Mr. Wilson. For some years he was connected with the Mutual Agency Company of New Zealand, of which he became chairman. He was also interested in many other companies; in fact, he took an active part in most local public undertakings. Mr. Wilson was at one time a member of the Otago Harbour Board, had long been a member of the Chamber of Commerce, and was chairman of that body for one term. In the Dunedin Jockey Club he acted as a steward for twenty years, and always took a keen interest in the Caledonian Society, of which he was at one time president. In 1862 Mr. Wilson was married to a Victorian lady, and had three daughters and two sons. He died at his residence, “The Hermitage,” Dunedin, on the 19th of August, 1899.
, Pipe and Pottery Manufacturer, Kensington and North East Valley, Dunedin. Telephone, 196. Bankers, Bank of New Zealand. Private residence, Kensington. It was in December, 1892, that this large manufacturing business was formed at North East Valley by its present owner, to whose enterprise, energy and experience the success achieved is attributable. Until 1888 Mr. Lambert conducted his business at North East Valley, where he has an acre of land, and the usual sheds and appliances for the manufacture of common drain pipes, flower pots, &c. In that year the new works at Kensington, which had been conducted by Mr. W. W. White since 1876, were purchased. They are situated on leasehold land—part of the Caledonian Society's grounds. There are two large permanent kilns which are stoked all round with ten fire holes, and the cost of erection was about £440 each. There is also an ordinary circular down draught kiln, which cost £150. A ten horse power horizontal steam engine drives the pottery wheels, of which there are three. The pipe making machine and the clay grinding appliance for preparing fine clay for bottle making are also driven by the engine. Mr. Lambert has held contracts for many years for supplying acid bottles to the New Zealand Drug Company. The leading lines manufactured at these very complete works are demijohns, glazed pipes—mostly two feet lengths and from two inches to eighteen inches in diameter—butter crocks, limestone filters, chimney pots, garden vases, border tiles, Buchan, Gully, and a variety of other traps, &c., &c. Mr. Lambert comes of a family who were before him engaged in the pipe making industry, his father and grandfather having been in that business. He was born in Northamptonshire, England, in 1834, learned the business in Bedfordshire, and landed at Sydney in 1859; after two or three years' experience as a brick-maker in the Colonies of Victoria and New South Wales, he crossed over to Dunedin and started in 1862. Mr. Lambert was for nine years a member of the North East Valley Borough Council. In 1869 he was married to a daughter of an old settler—Mr. John Duncan, of North East Valley—and has three sons and four daughters surviving.
, Wholesale and Retail Bookseller, Stationer and Fancy Goods Dealer, Braithwaite's Book Arcade, 38 Princes Street, Dunedin; Private residence, Dallon Bank, York Place. Mr. Braithwaite was born in England in 1848, and belongs to a very old English family. He left the Old Country with his parents for Melbourne in 1852, the voyage being saddened by the death of his mother at sea. He was educated at Colonel Templeton's school, Collingwood, and was termed the “aptest boy in the school.” In 1860 he arrived in Dunedin, and for a short time attended the school conducted by Mr. Livingstone in a building that then existed where Messrs. Sargood, Son and Ewen's premises now stand in High Street. The death of his father at this period left him a lad of fifteen to fight the world alone. He started, however, in business as a bookseller in a shop about 12 feet by 12, in Farley's Arcade, then the only convenient spot in Dunedin where people could congregate and gossip and purchase their requirements. The business grew apace and necessitated removal to larger premises at the corner of the Arcade and High Street, where Mr. Braithwaite remained for fully twenty years, when the transfer to Princes Street was made. Mr. Braithwaite's business expanded with the growth of the city and “Braithwaite's Book Arcade” is recognised as one of the largest and most successful of its kind in the Southern Hemisphere. In newspaper controversies from time to time, Mr. Braithwaite has displayed a clear grasp of polemic and scientific questions, shewing the intellectual value of his early tuition and long connection with standard and current literature.
has its headquarters in large and handsome premises at 48 Princes Street, Dunedin, near the Octagon, with branches occupying prominent positions in Willis Street, Wellington, and in Dee Street, Invercargill. The society was founded in 1873, and the object of the institution is to promote, as far as possible, the distribution of Christian literature of an evangelical character, and thus prove an efficient helper of the cause of the Gospel. It has been incorporated by an Act of the New Zealand Parliament under the distinct understanding that none of its promoters shall derive any pecuniary benefit whatever from the business, except that the manager, if a member, shall be entitled to a salary. The whole of the proceeds are thus devoted to the furtherance of the work in hand. For eighteen years a well-fitted and stocked colporteur's van visited the more distant parts of Otago and Southland at a heavy financial loss annually, and another itinerating salesman travelled by rail, opening out his books near every station from Ashburton to Riverton, while a third travelled by sea, visiting annually most of the New Zealand ports. All these have had to be discontinued on account of the heavy losses incurred by the travelling agencies, which could not be recouped in other ways, as well as a local branch at Wanganui; but the society still continues to do good work in the circulation of the Scriptures and Christian literature, although in these days of active trade competition, the necessity is not nearly so urgent as formerly. About 7000 copies of the Holy Scriptures are annually issued from the depots, and an exceedingly large number of religious periodicals are scattered abroad. Invaluable as is the work of Christian ministers and Home missionaries, Sunday school teachers and Endeavourers, these cannot take the place, nor can their work succeed, without the help of good Christian reading, which this society has so largely contributed to bring within the reach of all. The staff of workers are all devoted Christian men, who realise that their work is a work for God and humanity. The manager at Dunedin, Mr. Walter L. Logie, has held his position since March, 1900. He had had over seventeen years' previous experience with the society. Mr. John Reith, of the late bookselling firm of Reith and Wilkie, is in charge at Wellington. Mr. Ernest Rosevear is the society's accountant.
, Paper Merchants, Wholesale Stationers, and Printers' Furnishers and Brokers, 195 Princes Street, Dunedin. Telephone, 1064. Bankers, Bank of New Zealand. Private residence, Maitland Street. The proprietor of this large and extensive business was born in 1848 in Edinburgh, where he was educated at the Hamilton Place Private Academy. On the completion of his scholastic course he entered a legal office in Leith, but after a short time became apprenticed to the well-known firm of Messrs. Cowan and Co. (now Alexander Cowan and Sons, Ltd.), paper makers, of his native city. Five years later, when only nineteen years of age, and before the completion of his term, Mr. Given commenced to travel for the house. In 1873 he visited the Vienna Exhibition, also travelling in Germany and Austria, and doing business in London. He was appointed commercial manager of Messrs. Cowan's principal Edinburgh warehouse in 1875, at the same time making occasional business trips. After filling this important and responsible position for a few years, with complete satisfaction to his employers, Mr. Given was transferred to New South Wales to take charge of the Australasian business of the firm in their Sydney warehouse. When the direct steamers commenced to make regular trips to New Zealand. It was deemed advisable to establish an office in the Colony, and Mr. Given was sent to open the branch. From 1884 to 1890 he was in charge of the company's
(John Swan and James Swan), Engravers, Die-sinkers, and Engineers, Bath Street, Dunedin; Telephone 892; Bankers: Bank of New Zealand. The present firm was established in 1889 at the above address, where it carries on one of the leading die-sinking and engraving establishments in the South Island. The business also extends to the North Island, thus enhancing the success which has attended its very excellent productions. Messrs Swan and Co are also the inventors and makers of the Swanholm Gas and Oil engine (see the “Otago Daily Times” on the 8th of October, 1897.) Mr. John Swan, the senior partner, who was born in Dunedin in 1869, is the third son of the late Mr. Robert Swan, and was educated at the Albany Street school. He was apprenticed to Mr. S. Reading, formerly proprietor of the establishment, and after completing his term, became part proprietor along with his brother, Mr. James Swan. Messrs Swan have been associated with the Dunedin Amateur boating club, of which the late Mr. Swan was one of the vice-presidents. Mr. J. Swan is a comic amateur vocalist of great ability, and his talents are much appreciated by Dunedin audiences.
, J.P., Bookseller, Stationer and Bookbinder, 42 George Street, Dunedin. Telephone, 410. Bankers, National Bank of New Zealand. Established 1871. Mr. Sligo is an importer of all classes of stationery and books. He acts generally as a news agent, and conducts a considerable business as a bookbinder and paper ruler. Mr. Sligo is further referred to as a former member of Parliament.
, Wholesale and Retail Manufacturing Stationers, 92 Princes Street, Dunedin. This firm was founded by the late Mr. James Wilkie in the early seventies as booksellers and stationers, and began in premises situated in what was then known as the Princes Street Cutting. In 1885 it was decided to drop the bookselling department and take up the manufacture of stationery, for which purpose the firm took new premises at 92 Princes Street. These premises had to be enlarged at various times to accommodate the steadily increasing business, and in 1892 it was found necessary to secure new premises for the manufacturing departments. The factory is a large two-storey building opposite the Union Steamship Company's office, Water Street, with frontages also to Vogel and Cumberland Streets. The factory is replete with the very latest machinery in all the various branches, and the firm is well known throughout the colony for its high class lithographic work. From 1894 to 1902 the business was carried on under the same style, by Messrs W. G. Sommerville, P. L. Clarke, and T. Sommerville, and in 1902 the business was turned into a private Limited Liability Company, under the same management as formerly.
(Henry, Arthur, and George Wise), Publishers, Australian Mutual Provident Society's Buildings, Princes Street, Dunedin. Bankers, Bank of New Zealand. Private residences: Messrs H. and A. Wise, “Burkes”; Mr. G. Wise, 49 Elizabeth Street, Melbourne. Branches: Cathedral Square, Christchurch; Hay Street, Perth, West Australia; 108 Pitt Street, Sydney; 49 Elizabeth Street, Melbourne; King William Street, Adelaide; 53a Queen Street, Brisbane; Exchange Chambers, Hobart. “Wises' Directories” may be said to mark an era of New Zealand progression, as they have been coincident with the increasing trade of the Colonies. The first issue of the directories by the firm was “Wises' Dunedin Directory,” published in 1865, nearly thirty years ago; and it was followed later on by a Directory of
Hokitika, when gold was discovered there and a town formed. The colony having advanced during this time, a Directory of New Zealand was started; and the first issue was a small volume published in 1872. Although this was not a work of great magnitude — from a present day point of view — travelling from place to place for the compilation was not only difficult, but very expensive for so small a work. As the means of communication between the various towns became easier and cheaper, the trading population rapidly increased, and with increasing population so the directory increased; until it became in 1875, a large volume with 35 maps and plans of the various chief towns in the Colony. In 1880, owing to an increased demand from abroad for the directory, an office was opened in London; and in 1883 by permission of the Post Office, “Wises' Directory” came out as the New Zealand Post Office Directory, by which name it is well and favourably known outside the Colony as in it. With the opening of the London office, exporters of all kinds, both British and foreign, were made
was born in Edinburgh in 1851, and was apprenticed to the wholesale stationery business in his native city. In 1875, he came out to the Colony of New South Wales to take the management of a large paper mill, and after three and a half years crossed the Tasman Sea to Dunedin and established an extensive bookselling and stationery business, which he carried on at 97 George Street. During his residence in Dunedin Mr. Horsburgh was always ready to assist any movement for the public good of Otago. For six or seven years he was a member of the Mornington borough council, and occupied the mayoral chair for one year. In 1896, he was elected a member of the Dunedin licensing committee, on which he long held a seat; for many years he was chairman of the Mornington school committee, and took a prominent part in promoting the erection of the new school premises in that suburb. Mr. Horsburgh also took a keen interest in the establishment of the Dunedin retailers' association, of which he was a vice-president. Some time ago his business was bought out by Messrs Whitcombe and Tombs Limited, and he is now (1904), a buyer in England for that firm.
, Grain, Produce, and Provision Merchant, Princes Street South, Dunedin. Telephone, 212. Bankers: Bank of New Zealand. Established in 1863 by Mr. M. C. Fleming, of St. Clair. The present proprietor, who is a son of the founder, has conducted the business since 1880. He does a considerable trade in the city and suburbs, as well as with shipping. The premises, which contain over 3,000 square feet of floor space, are of brick, and two stories in height. Mr. Fleming also uses, for storage purposes, a single storey brick building in Hope Street, which affords an additional 2,500 square feet of floor space. He was born and educated in Ireland, and came out to Port Chalmers in 1864 by the ship “Galla.” Before taking over the business on his own account, he was associated with his father in the trade. He is specially well known as a breeder of racing stock on his farm at St. Kilda. His horses (known as the “Gipsey family”) include the entires “Gipsey King,” “Gipsey Prince,” “Ishmael,” and “Wolseley.” There are, besides, “Gitano,” a gelding at Mr. J. R. McKenzie's at Tapanui; “Arline,” “Campbell,” and the filly “Gitanillo.” Mr. Fleming has been a member of the Dunedin Jockey Club for over twenty years, and has acted as a steward for over fifteen years of that time.
, Family Grocers, Tea, and Provision Merchants, 193a George Street, Dunedin. This firm was founded by Mr. Miller in 1886, in Castle Street, but owing to the great increase in business, it became necessary to remove to the present larger premises in 1893. Mr. Miller has also taken over the buildings formerly occupied by Messrs Laing and Young, produce merchants, Frederick Street, and converted them into a first-class baconcuring establishment. The premises in George Street are 22 feet by 80 feet in dimensions, with a total floor space of 6,000 feet, while two large plate glass windows serve to exhibit the goods stocked by the firm. The building is of brick, two storeys in height, and the offices are on the ground floor, large store rooms filled with reserve stock occupying the space of the cellar and upper storey. Only the best articles are kept, and special attention is given to teas and perishable goods. Mr. Miller blends his own teas, and is recognised as an expert blender and taster, having had twenty years' experience in the trade. His blends are made up of Ceylon and Indian teas, and bear the name of the firm. A large trade in farm and dairy produce is carried on, and the supplies of cheese, butter, and bacon, all of a superior quality, are obtained from the farmers and growers in the provincial district. The business is conducted on a cash basis, and special inducements are offered by the issue of bonus certificates to every purchaser, a system which has become extremely popular, and has helped to increase the esteem in which the firm is held by the public. Miller and Co. attribute their success in business to the fact that the firm imports its goods direct from the world's markets, and has always made a feature of paying cash for all goods bought. Mr. Miller was born at Waitahuna Gully, a small country village about ten miles below Lawrence, in Otago.
. Grain Merchant and Insurance Agent, 14 Crawford Street, Dunedin. Mr. Tapley was born and educated in South Australia, and came to Otago in 1893 as representative of the North Queensland Fire and Marine Insurance Co. He continued to represent that company until 1897, when he joined the firm of Messrs W. E. Reynolds and Co., and four years later, established his present business. Mr. Tapley is further referred to in the military section of this volume.
(William Wilson and Oscar Balk), Ten Merchants and Coffee and Spice Manufacturers, Jetty Street, Dunedin. Telephone, 1308. P.O. Box, 393. Bankers, National Bank of New Zealand.
Private residences: Mr. Wilson, Selkirk Street, Roslyn; Mr. Balk, Frederick Street,
, Builder and Contractor, 169 Queen Street, North Dunedin. Mr. Lyders was born and educated in Denmark and arrived at Wellington in the year 1874. After working for a time at log-cutting for a large sawmill in the North Island he met with a serious accident to his right leg, which necessitated his remaining in the Wellington Hospital for about ten months. He then came to Dunedin and started in business as a building contractor. Among the many buildings erected by him are the Children's Ward and kitchen of the Dunedin Hospital, the Manse Street portion of Wain's Hotel, Hayward's warehouse, and Aldred's Buildings in George Street, the Mornington, Palmerston, and several other public schools, residences for the Otago Education Board, and a third storey to Dalgety's large grain warehouse, which comprises a whole block of buildings in itself. Mr. Lyders was married about twelve years ago to Miss M. Smith, of Waikato, a daughter of Captain Smith, of the Imperial Army, and has had a family of seven children, six of whom are alive. Of recent years Mr. Lyders has been a very successful land speculator, having acquired several blocks of land around Dunedin and cut them up into building allotments, which have been readily sought after by the general public.
, Wire-Mattress Maker, George Street, Dunedin; factory, 72 Cumberland Street. This business was established by the late Mr. Charles Bills, and is now carried on by his widow and son. The business was established on such sound lines and was so well conducted, that in 1903 it became necessary to move into the commodious premises now used in connection with the industry. The machinery and appliances include a patent weaving machine, of which Mrs Bills has the sole right for Otago and Southland. With this machine the factory can turn out five hundred mattresses per month. The manufacture of wire mattresses, children's cots, and stretchers is an important branch of the business, but other articles in which wire is utilised are also manufactured. Wire shutters for shop fronts are made a specialty and also ripple-matting for gold saving on dredges; kiln floors, sand and malt screens, flower stands, bird cages and rat traps. The whole machinery is driven by a seven horse-power gas engine, and ten persons are employed on the premises. The factory, which occupies a floor space of 100 feet by 60 feet, is divided into two compartments—the weaving room, and the general wire-work room. For the woodwork manufactured in connection with the industry over 30,000 feet are kept in stock, so as to be thoroughly dried and seasoned before use. The webs are woven by the Bill Brothers' multiple weaving machine, of which Mrs Bills holds the sole rights for Otago and Southland. This machine twists from one to twelve wires at one operation, and turns off two, four, or six-ply wire, according to the strength required. Only the best plated steel wire is used. The wire shutters now so much in use are turned out in great numbers; indeed, a specialty is made of this particular branch. A large kiln-floor, weighing five tons, was recently manufactured for the Wanganui Meat Freezing Company, and the directors were so pleased with the remarkably good workmanship that they presented Mr. Bills with a gift of £10 over the contract price, “as showing their appreciation of real good work.” All the machinery at the factory is of the latest design. It includes a crimping machine, and straining rollers. Since the death of Mr. Bills in January, 1904, the business has been carried on by Mrs Bills, who has practically managed it for some years.
was born in Brighton, England, and accompanied his father to Dunedin by the ship “Warrior Queen,” in 1866, when he was fourteen years of age. He knew a great deal about birds, and had a great liking for them, and shortly after his arrival he was employed by the Acclimatisation Society to obtain various species for its purposes. Subsequently he was employed by Messrs Crust and Crust, but left their service to start the wire woven-mattress industry, with which his name became so intimately and honourably connected. Mr. Bills was the first to start this business in the Australasian colonies, and his brothers subsequently introduced it in Australia. Mr. Bills was popular with all classes of the community as a man of high personal character and much mechanical ingenuity. He was a Freemason of many years' standing, and a prominent member of the Caledonian Society. He died on the 13th of January, 1904, after a short illness, at the age of fifty-one, leaving a widow and a family of four daughters and one son.
(John Hamilton Tennant), Wholesale manufacturers, 157 and 159 Princes and Police Streets, Dunedin. Bankers, Union Bank of Australia; Private residence, Clyde Street, Roslyn. The founder and proprietor of this important industry was born in 1868, in Glasgow, Scotland, and was educated at various schools in his native town. At an early age he went to learn his trade under his father—who was works manager for Messrs. Campbell. Achnach and Co.—and afterwards worked with Messrs. James T. Goudie and Co., both well-known Glasgow firms. Subsequently Mr. Tennant worked for the last named firm as a journeyman, and while in their service was engaged through the agency of Messrs.
Sargood Son and Ewen's London house, to come out to New Zealand, to start the waterproof clothing industry for the Zealandia Waterproof Company. He arrived in New Zealand in October, 1889, and was just
in time to personally make ladies' and gentlemen's garments for the New Zealand and South Seas Exhibition, and the display gained first award and special mention. After serving
, Boatbuilder, Jetty Street Wharf, Dunedin. This business was established in 1864, by Mr. Ben Davis, who at his death was succeeded by his son. The premises are situated at the water's edge, while close by, riding at anchor or moored to buoys, is a large flotilla of sailing and pleasure boats. Among the many first-class yachts which Mr. Davis has built are the “Roma,” “Carina,” and “Ripple,” and among other yachts he has altered and brought up-to-date the “Leader,” “Winifred,” “Mistral,” and “Pastime.” Mr. Davis makes a specialty of building oil launches, and has successfully filled orders from Picton and Akaroa for craft of that description. He has also built three fishing boats for The Nuggets, Port Molyneaux. The Dunedin and Port Chalmers sailing and rowing clubs entrust most of their building and repairing to Mr. Davis, and as he is a practical workman in all branches of his trade, the work turned out is of a high class order. Twenty-seven pleasure and sailing boats are kept on hire. Mr. Davis was married, in 1902, to a daughter of Mr. W. Robinson, an old colonist, and has one son.
, Lower Rattray Street, Dunedin. Directors, Hon. A. Lee Smith, M.L.C. (chairman), and Messrs J. L. Passmore, G. L. Sise, A. Lee Smith, junior, and H. F. Passmore. Secretary, Mr. A. Lee Smith, junior. Telephones: office, 178; factory, 1263. P.O. Box, 94. Bankers, Bank of New Zealand. Cable Address, “Donaghy,” Dunedin. Codes, A.B.C., A 1, and Western Union. Factories, South Dunedin, Auckland and Invercargill. The large manufacturing business now conducted by the Donaghy's Rope and Twine Company, Ltd., was founded in 1876 by the late Mr. M. Donaghy, of Geelong, who carried on the business till 1881, when he sold his interest to Mr. A. Lee Smith, and a late partner. Three years later Mr. J. L. Passmore and his brother joined the firm, and work was continued as a private concern till 1889, when it was registered as a limited company under the title of M. Donaghy and Company, Ltd. This company was the pioneer of the binder twine manufacture in New Zealand, and for many years it has been at the head of the general cordage trade of the Colony. The present company dates from 1895, when it was incorporated for the purpose of amalgamating the old Donaghy Company with the Auckland Fibre and the Southland Rope and Twine Companies. At their works in Auckland and South Dunedin the company manufacture all kinds of cordage, the Invercargill factory being devoted exclusively to the manufacture of binder twine. The works at South Dunedin and at Invercargill are built in brick, the motive power being derived from steam engines of two hundred and fifty and thirty horse power respectively. The Auckland premises are built of wood, contain a forty horse power steam engine, and, like the works in the South Island, have complete and up-to-date machinery for the manufacture of the various ropes and twines. The whole of the factories of the company are built on freehold land. Besides doing a great deal to supply local requirements, the company export a considerable quantity of their produce to the Australian colonies and the South Sea Islands. An effort is being made to establish a trade in binder twine with Great Britain, and in this some success has already been achieved.
, Chairman of Directors of Donaghy's Rope and Twine Company, Ltd., is noticed in another article as a member of the Legislative Council. He was born in Yorkshire. England, and arrived in Wellington, New Zealand, in 1868.
the Managing Director of Donaghy's
(H. W. Howarth), Sauce Manufacturers, Frederick Street, Dunedin; Bankers: Bank of New Zealand; Private residence, London Street. This business was founded by the late Mr. W. Gawne, who was born in the Isle of Man, in 1830, and was educated at Castleton, in his native island. He went to sea as a lad, and rose to the rank of second mate, but owing to a severe wound in the left arm he was compelled to abandon seafaring life in 1851. After two years in the grocery trade in London, he came out to Melbourne, where he followed the same calling till 1865, when he settled in Hokitika. He had a goldfield's experience on the West Coast, and met with varying success, after the usual fashion of gold-miners. Whilst on the Coast, Mr. Gawne took part in local affairs, and was attached to the Oddfellows and Foresters Orders, in each of which he occupied the chair. He settled in Dunedin in 1877, where he carried on business as a grocer till May 1881, when he established the sauce manufactory which he so successfully conducted, and which, since his death, has been carried on by Mr. H. W. Howarth, who has built new premises in Frederick Street, where the same sauce is manufactured; also pickles and vinegar and other condiments. Mr. Howarth, in extending the business, has so gained the confidence of the public, that 90,000 bottles of Gawne's sauce were sold in one year. Nothing but pure and wholesome ingredients are used in the manufacture of the firm's goods. Messrs Gawne and Co. occupy wooden buildings erected on freehold land facing George Street, where they manufacture the Worcestershire sauce so largely used throughout Australasia. It is a special preparation from Mr. Gawne's own recipe, the ingredients of which are known only to the firm, who import the materials from Mr. Penny and Mr. Bears, both of London. There are two qualities, the piquant, which has a green label on each bottle, and the mild, which is distinguished by a red label. The firm's trade mark, the three legs of the Manx coat-of-arms, is a guarantee of the genuineness of the article. Messrs. Gawne and Co.'s Worcestershire sauce is sold wholesale throughout New Zealand and Australia, by merchants, and retail by leading grocers and storekeepers. Numerous testimonials have been received by the proprietors from all parts in proof of the popularity and excellence of the sauce, which has achieved almost world-wide fame during the twenty-three years in which it has been manufactured.
, Coffee, Spice and Starch Manufacturers, General Merchants and Importers Lower Rattray Street, Dunedin. This business was founded in Princes Street by the late Mr. Gregg, in 1861, and was removed some years later to the premises it now occupies. In 1897 the business was merged into a limited liability company under the style of W. Gregg and Co., Limited; Mr. Gregg, the founder, acting as managing director until his death in May, 1901, when Mr. William B. M. Fea assumed the management. Amongst the many specialties for which the company is noted, are its high class coffees, pure pepper and spices starch, soda crystals, flavouring essences, etc., etc. W. Gregg and Co., Limited, were the first in New Zealand to manufacture wax vestas and starch. Gregg's “Eagle” starch has been for the last fifteen years the leading brand in the colony, whilst the firm's “Club” coffee, (its special brand household word throughout New Zealand. Messrs W. Gregg and Co. make it a standing rule that not one ounce of anything adulterated leaves any of their factories, and the most modern machinery obtainable is used in the manufacture of their various goods. They have been awarded a gold medal, a special gold medal, and over fifty medals and awards for the excellence of their manufactures at the following Exhibitions:—New Zealand, 1865; Christ-church, 1872; Sydney International, 1879; Melbourne International, 1880–81; Wellington Industrial. 1885; New Zealand and South Seas, 1889–90; Wellington Industrial, 1896–97; and Otago Jubilee, 1898. The company's chicory farm of fifty-six acres, and drying kiln are situated on Inchclutha. Its coffee and spice mills, and warehouse, are in Lower Rattray Street, and its starch, soda crystals, flavouring essences and kindred manufactures are carried on at its extensive works at Pelichet Bay, convenient to rail and wharf.
was born at Ballymena, North of Ireland, in 1830, arrived in Australia when a lad, and started business later on, as a coffee and spice manufacturer, in Ballarat. He arrived in New Zealand in 1861, and by his untiring energy and business capabilities succeeded in laying the foundation of what is now considered one of the most reputable firms in the colony.
, who has been the firm's manager since the death of Mr.
Gregg in 1901, came to New Zealand from the Orkney Isles in 1871. For two years he was engaged in agricultural pursuits for the late Mr. T. Culling, of North Taieri, and
. (W. P. Watson, managing director), Soap and Candle Manufacturers, Cumberland and Castle Streets, Dunedin. Telephone, 3. P.O. Box, 229. Bankers, National Bank of New Zealand. The large and important industry conducted by this well known company was established on the present site by Messrs McLeod Bros. in 1869, and the business was continued as a private firm until 1883, when it was incorporated as a limited company under the provisions of “The Companies Act, 1892.” One acre and a half of freehold land, extending from street to street, is almost wholly covered by prominent and extensive brick buildings, which are mostly of two and three stories in height. The plant is up-to-date in every respect, and capable of turning out large quantities of soap, candles, and other products. There are four large boilers, which supply steam for working a five ton still and heating the various vats, etc., and for driving four horizontal engines, and pumps, chiefly required for working four large presses used in the works. A recent valuation of the machinery and plant of this extensive factory showed the actual value to be between £11,000 and £12,000, while the value of land and buildings alone was in excess of that amount. The candles, soap, glycerine, and culinary essences produced by the company are well known and largely used throughout the Colony. Two travellers are regularly moving about New Zealand in the interests of the company, the leading wholesale merchants and retail houses being large purchasers of the various brands, which are all marketed with the two islands. The principal kind of soap made by Messrs. McLeod Bros., Ltd., which is in great demand, goes under the trade mark “Laundrine,” besides which there are commoner qualities, as well as fancy and toilet soaps. In candles there are the “Gold Medal” stearine candle, and the “Imperial” paraffin candle; the former entirely made from locally produced tallow. From fifty to sixty hands are regularly employed by the firm of Messrs McLeod Bros., Ltd., at their extensive factory. During recent years, the produce of these soap and candle works has been brought to the test of competition, both within and beyond the Colony. At the great International Exhibition held in Melbourne in 1888, Messrs. McLeod Bros., Ltd., gained a gold medal for their soaps and candles, and, at the Dunedin and South Seas Exhibition of 1889–90, two first and three second awards were secured for their various manufactures.
, formerly Managing Director of Messrs McLeod Bros., Ltd., was born in Germany in 1840, and arrived in Melbourne by the ship “Europe,” in 1856. After five years' experience in Victoria, Mr. Ziele crossed the Tasman Sea and settled in Otago. He was for nine years on the Otago goldfields, and in 1870 he went to Dunedin, where he entered into business as a wholesale grocer and wine and spirit merchant, under the style of Messrs C.
Directors: Messrs John White (chairman), Thomas Brydone, Thomas R. Fisher, John McFarlane Ritchie, and Frank Oakden (general manager); Head Office, Cumberland Street, Dunedin; P.O.Box, 400; Bankers, National Bank of New Zealand; Branch Offices and Stores, Manchester Street, Christchurch, and at Customhouse Quay, Wellington. The company's cement works are at Pelichet Bay, Dunedin, and their lime kilns at Milburn, Otago Peninsula, and at Mount Somers, Canterbury. The capital of the company is £75,000 in 75,000 shares of £1 each. This important and enterprising company was established in 1888, to acquire and work the magnificent deposits of limestone, which have been opened up at Milburn, near Milton. A freehold section of twenty acres, containing a deposit of limestone, which varies from sixty feet in depth, has yielded immense quantities of material from which the products of the company are made. Besides this property, there are several hundred acres of freehold and leasehold which contain valuable deposits, so that millions of tons of limestone are available for the purpose of the company. At the company's cement works and lime kilns in New Zealand, over one hundred hands find regular employment. Powerful machinery is used at the Pelichet Bay cement works, the compound engines being two hundred horsepower indicated, with steam boilers of equal capacity. The output of the company's well-known Portland cement and lime has shown a steady increase, year by year. The company acquired the Danish rights from the International Cement Company of Denmark for the whole of Australasia for manufacturing silica portland cement. This purchase opens up immense possibilities for the company, and the further enormous advance of its already large business. Silica portland cement, although largely in use in Europe and America, is but little known in the Australasian Colonies; the company have, therefore, caused certain tests to be made under the supervision of Messrs. F. W. Petre and J. Hislop, architects, and Mr. R. Hay, M. Inst. C.E., as experts. The experiments were conducted between the 20th of October and 25th of November, 1897, the basis of comparison being between imported portland cement and silica portland cement, and the result in texture, hydraulicity, and tensility, was decidedly in favour of the silica portland cement manufactured by the Milburn Company. Mortar and crushing tests conducted by the same gentlemen showed the silica portland cement to be at least thirty per cent, better than the imported portland
(Richard Radcliffe Taylor, manager), Water-proof Clothing Manufacturers, etc., Stafford Street, Dunedin; Bankers; Bank of New Zealand; Private residence, High Street, Roslyn. This company was established in premises in High Street, in November, 1889, but, as the business and the demand for its manufactures rapidly increased throughout the Colony, the proprietor was in 1893 compelled to add considerably to his plant, and removed to new and more commodious brick premises in Stafford Street. These premises afford upwards of 6,000 square feet of floor space, and contain all the necessary plant for turning out large quantities of ladies' and gentlemen's waterproof garments, and other rubber articles. The company has a business extending throughout the Colony, and has made a reputation for high class goods. It may be mentioned here that at the New Zealand and South Seas Exhibition, held in Dunedin in 1889–90, the company exhibited waterproof in the piece, and garments made up in various styles, such as “Universal,” “Stanley,” “Onslow,” “Hussar,” and “Chesterfield;” and these exhibits gained the first and only awards, with special notice in the “Otago Daily Times” of February, 1890, and in the press of the Colony generally. Mr. R. R. Taylor justly claims to have been the founder of this industry in New Zealand.
, Manager of the Zealandia Waterproof Company, was born in Preston, Lancashire, England, where he received his education and was apprenticed to the wholesale business (including waterproofs, etc.). After arriving at Port Chalmers by the ship “Auckland,” in 1878, he was appointed manager to Messrs Sargood, Son and Ewen's clothing and woollen department. Mr. Taylor held that position for upwards of ten years, and then resigned to establish the Zealandia Water-proof Company.
, Wholesale Jewellers, Indenters and Importers, 89 Princes Street, Dunedin; Telephone, 382; P.O. Box, 253; Bankers; Bank of Australasia. This business was established in 1892 by the present firm, and is conducted in a three storey brick building formerly occupied by Messrs. W. McArthur and Co. The ground floor is used as offices and show-room for jewellery, plate, clocks, and optical goods, the first floor being devoted to fancy goods of all descriptions, and the upper floor to glass and crockery-ware. Messrs. A. Beaver and Co.'s trade extends throughout the colony; three or four travellers are employed, and Mr. Beaver personally makes periodical trips. The firm imports from Great Britain, Europe, and America, and acts as sole agents in the South Island for Meyer's Liquid Putz Cream.
, Watchmaker and Jeweller, Princes Street, Dunedin. This is one of the finest businesses of its kind in New Zealand, and the shop is one of the sights of Princes Street. The founder of the business, the late Mr. John Hislop, is referred to amongst Old Colonists.
, Manufacturing Jeweller, 19 Princes Street, Dunedin; Private residence: prietor, and is chiefly confined to the trade, Helena Street, South Dunedin. This business was established in 1889 by the present pro-although there are a good many private customers. Mr. Hogg has a complete manufacturing plant on a small scale, and undertakes all kinds of jewellery and repairing work.
, Watchmaker and Jeweller, 5 High Street, Dunedin; Private residence, Russell Street. Mr. Macarthur established his business in 1883 in premises comprising the ground floor of a brick building opposite the Grand Hotel in High Street. The stock includes watches and jewellery of every description, together with optical instruments and requisites. Mr. Macarthur makes a specialty of the business of opthalmic optician, in which he is an expert, and possesses the necessary machinery for grinding and fitting lenses of all kinds. Adjoining the shop are the sight-testing room and work-room, both adequately furnished for the needs of the business. Mr. Macarthur was born in Dunfermline, Scotland, in 1844, and served his apprenticeship in Edinburgh; after arriving in New Zealand in 1871 he learned the business of optician with Mr. A. Beverley, of Dunedin. He was subsequently foreman to Mr. George Young for five years, and afterwards to Mr. John Hislop for seven years. During his period of service with the latter, Mr. Macarthur made
, Importer, Watchmaker and Jeweller, 22 Rattray Street, Dunedin; P.O. Box, 188; Bankers: National Bank of New Zealand. Private residence, Elm Row. This is an old established business, having been originally founded in 1868; Mr. Neill was interested in it from the beginning and has been sole proprietor since 1878. A considerable manufacturing trade is carried on, the special line being masonic jewellery; and the business is conducted in premises on the ground floor of a brick building, in a large workshop and show room. Mr. Neill is a large importer, and has connections throughout the entire Colony, through which he makes periodical trips to interview his customers, from Auckland to the Bluff. He was born in 1843, in Leith, Scotland, where he was educated, and subsequently apprenticed to the business in Edinburgh. After seven and a half years' experience, he removed to Dundee, where he remained for three years and a half before coming to Port Chalmers in 1867 by the ship “Resolute.” Mr. Neill arrived under engagement as watch-maker to Mr. George Young, but at the end of twelve months commenced business on his own account. He is a member of the Masonic Order, attached to Lodge Kilwinning, S.C., of which he was secretary for about five years; on resigning that position in 1886, he became district grand secretary. He is also grand superintendent of the Scottish royal arch chapter. Mr. Neill was a member of the Scottish volunteer corps until its disbandment. He is a widower, and has three daughters and one son.
, Watchmaker, Jeweller, and Optician, 13 Rattray Street, Dunedin; Bankers; Bank of New Zealand; Private residence, High Street. This well-known business was established by Mr. Peter Adair in 1870, and was acquired by the present proprietor in 1888. The shop is handsomely fitted up, has a fine show window, and contains a large display of watches, clocks, electro-plated ware and jewellery of all descriptions. Mr. Shaw imports as well as buys locally. The premises consist of the ground floor of a substantial brick building. Behind the shop there is a convenient work-room with a complete plant for carrying on all the requirements of the trade. Mr. Shaw was born in Bristol, England, in 1859, and came to New Zealand in 1863; he was educated at Mr. J. B. Park's school and served his apprenticeship with his predecessor, Mr. Adair, in whose employment he remained as assistant until he purchased the business. Mr. Shaw has earned a reputation for repairing and cleaning chronometers, chronographs, and repeaters second to none in the Colonies. He was initiated into the Masonic Order in Lodge Otago Kilwinning, S.C. Mr. Shaw was married in 1885 to a daughter of Mr. S. Hanlon, of Dunedin, and has three daughters.
, Watch-makers and Jewellers, Corner of Dowling and Princes Street, Dunedin. This business was founded in 1872, by Mr. Stewart Dawson, at 20 Hatton Garden, London, E.C. Since then branches have been established in Melbourne, Sydney, Perth, Brisbane, Auckland, Wellington and Christchurch. The Dunedin branch was opened in December, 1902. The building is of brick, three stories in height, and faced with cement. It has a total front-age of 67 feet, 25 feet on Princes Street, and 42 feet on Dowling Street. A large display of jewellery, gold and silver ware, makes the premises most attractive, especially at night, when they are not only lit up most brilliantly within, but are lighted outside by eight of the finest type of lamps to be seen in the city. The interior of the building has the appearance of a fairy palace: harmony of colour, design, and arrangement is combined in a most pleasing manner, and all the jewellery is of the very latest type, being specially sent out from the London office. It comprises the latest designs in rings, diamond jewellery, brooches, pendants, bracelets, and an array of gold watches of different makes and values. Choice articles in solid silver, and silver-plated ware, handsome clocks, and costly jewels in morocco cases are also kept in stock; and the whole is offered at prices that must give Messrs Stewart Dawson and Co.'s establishment a powerful influence in trade in the city and surrounding districts. Mr. Stewart Dawson, the head of the firm, is a man of many qualifications, and may be said to be the embodiment of the business man, his practical knowledge, energy and experience having built up all the houses which bear his name.
, Jeweller, and Diamond Setter, Dowling Street, Dunedin. Mr. Stoneham was born in Dunedin, where he learned the business of a manufacturing jeweller, and in 1898 established his present prosperous business, in which he employs a staff of skilled workmen. Mr. Stoneham is further referred to in the military section of this volume.
, Watch-makers. Jewellers, Engravers, and Art Goods Dealers, 80 George Street, Dunedin. Mr. Waby was born in 1876, and educated at the George Street school. He entered the employment of Messrs D. Benjamin and Co., in 1889, and for about thirteen years was connected with that firm's jewellery business, where he gained a thorough knowledge of the trade. Early in 1902, he decided to try his luck on his own account in the retail line, and opened his now well known shop at 80 George Street. Mr. Waby's stock is already famous for its Japanese ware; and the china includes Doulton, Beleek, Wedgewood, Bretby, Dresden, and Austrian. The firm stocks many outside lines that the trade have never taken up, including Maori goods, such as kits, mats, piu-pius, and fish-hooks. Watches, jewellery and plate are on view, in a fine skilfully selected variety. The repairing departments are in skilled hands, and every care is taken to increase the good reputation enjoyed by the firm.
(George Young and Thomas Gray Young), Importers, Watch-makers, Jewellers, and Opticians. Head Office, 88 Princes Street, Dunedin; Telephone 588; P.O. Box, 200; Bankers: National Bank of New Zealand; Private residence of New
.—The Dunedin Tramway Service was originally established in 1881, by Mr. George Proudfoot, as a private venture, but two years later it was purchased by the Dunedin City and Suburban Tramways Company Limited, of which Mr. George Fenwick was chairman. The service controlled by this company was a horse-haulage one, having its main stables in Cumberland Street. and it extended from the centre of the city to North East Valley on the one side, and to St. Clair, Ocean Beach, and Caversham; via South Dunedin, on the other. At the time of its inauguration the system was by no means discreditable to Dunedin, but in the face of the improved methods of locomotion adopted in other parts of the world, and even in other parts of the colony, and with the increasing demand for a more speedy service in the city itself, it latterly came to be regarded as decidedly antiquated. In 1901, however, the property of the Dunedin City and Suburban Tramways Company, Limited, was bought by the Dunedin City Corporation, and late in the same year it was decided that a thoroughly up-to-date electrical tramway system should replace the one in use. In February, 1902, Messrs Noyes Bros., of Australia, were appointed to carry out the work of converting the old system of horse-haulage into that of electric traction, and to extend the service to suburban parts previously neglected; and in the following year, having completed all preliminary arrangements, they set about their task with a rapidity and thoroughness worthy of all admiration. The new system when complete, will comprise about twenty-five miles of line, a double track being laid in the busiest parts. The route followed within the city boundaries, commencing from the Central Post Office, will lie along Lower High Street, Castle Street, Howe Street, George and Princes Streets; it will thus form a complete ellipse, and so, by a most admirable and effective plan, tap every portion of the city. Outside of this area, the route adopted will be much the same as that followed by the old system, with a few important deviations and additions, such as that along Anderson's Bay to Queen's Drive, and that along Hillside road to Caversham, the full extent of which, however, has not been (January, 1904) definitely determined. In Princes, George and Castle Streets, as also in the North East Valley, the centre pole system has been adopted, but along the remainder of the route, side poles and span poles will be used, as being best adapted to the locality and circumstances. The material used throughout is of the very best order, and the workmanship, conducted under the direct supervision of Mr. W. G. T. Goodman, superintending and designing engineer, is of the most genuine and durable character. The steel rails, which are in lengths of forty feet, and weigh ninety-two pounds to the yard, are secured with tie-bars every eight feet, bounded at each joint, and cross-bonded every forty feet, whilst at corners and other positions, where additional rigidity is required, further strength-giving devices are applied. The sleepers, each 7 feet 6 inches by 9 inches by 4 1/2 inches, are of the very best Australian hardwood, and are spaced 2 feet 6 inches apart. The track is well ballasted with 2 1/2 inch metal, 1 1/2 inch tarred metal, with a top dressing of a half inch tarred screening, and the whole is thoroughly rolled. The rolling-stock will comprise fourteen box cars, fourteen cars of the Californian type, six open cars, and a sprinkling car, all the passenger carriages being of the very latest, safest, and most comfortable design. The carhouse in Market Street, and power house and converter station in Cumberland Street, are, however, perhaps the most interesting things connected with the system. The first-named is a substantial brick' building, three stories in height, and 165 feet square, and is one of the most efficiently equipped car-houses in the Southern Hemisphere. Its roof of the “saw-tooth” kind, has been so arranged as to give the greatest possible amount of light, and the ventilation of the building could not be improved upon. The portion of the carhouse to be actually used for the storage of cars is calculated to hold fifty-two carriages. It contains thirteen roads, and a traversing track running down the centre facilitates the moving of cars from one portion of the shed to the other. The floors are concrete, and are channelled so as to prevent an accumulation of surface water. Eight examination pits, bricked, and approached by flights of steps are provided, so that the cars may be examined from underneath with the same facility as from other positions. There are several rooms, chiefly for storage and repairing purposes, close to the car-house. The machine shop is thoroughly well fitted up, and contains many modern American tools, selected and purchased by Mr. Goodman when in America. A hydraulic wheel press, capable of a pressure of one hundred tons, has been installed for the purpose of fitting the wheels to the axles. A twelve feet lathe, and one of a smaller type, have been fitted up, and the equipment includes also a planing machine, two drillers, etc. An overhead crane is used to lift the pieces of machinery. The general office and the strongroom are on the ground floor, and the office is furnished with red pine fittings. To the rear of the main offices are the rooms for the chief engineer, the draughtsmen, and the clerks. The power house and converter station in Cumberland Street is, also, of two stories, built of brick. Here the generation
. Directors: Messrs John Roberts, C.M.G. (chairman), John Ross, Robert Glendining, Thomas Brydone, James Hazlett. J. Thomson, and J. T. Wright. The present company was formeg in 1902, when it took over the assets, plant, and rolling stock of the original company, which had been in existence for several years. This cable line of tramway connects Dunedin city with the suburb of Roslyn, and from the Town Belt there is a junction electric line that runs to Maori Hill. The power-house is situated in the Kaikorai Valley, but a contract has (April, 1904) recently been entered into with the Waipori Falls Electric Company for the supply of power. The company has six cable cars, and three electric cars; and, running from 7.30 a.m. to 11 p.m., the cable cars complete eighty-nine return trips daily, while the number of passengers carried averages over 21,000 per week. The present directors have expended large sums of money in building new cars, providing new cables, and in generally renovating the plant and line.
, Manager of the Dunedin and Roslyn Tramway Company, has also for many years been manager for the Dunedin City and Suburban Tramway Company and the Mornington Tramway Company. He was born in Edinburgh, Scotland, in 1860, and entered the establishment of Messrs. James Bertram and Sons, engineers, as an apprentice to the mechanical branches of the trade. On coming to New Zealand for his health, he was employed for a term as accountant by an engineering firm in Dunedin. He was associated with the formation of the New Zealand Manufacturers' Association in 1883, and became honorary secretary to that society; and was local secretary to the New Zealand Industrial Exhibition in 1885, and for the Indian and Colonial Exhibition of the following year. In 1887, he went as a delegate to the conference on intercolonial free trade held in Adelaide during the Exhibition, and was appointed manager of the Mornington Cable Tramway Company in the same year. It is well known that the Mornington company, under Mr. Eunson's management, became a dividend paying concern. Mr. Eunson takes more than a passing interest in educational work, is a member of the committee of the technical classes association, and finds recreation in giving object lessons, illustrated by working models or optical views. Mr. Eunson married a daughter of Mr. Archibald Barr, J.P., and has one daughter.
, Proprietor of the Livery, Bait, and Letting Stables, 18 Great King Street, Dunedin. These stables occupy a quarter of an acre of land and are magnificently equipped, the centre floor, which is kept scrupulously clean, being of concrete, inclined so as to drain. The proprietor imports his saddlery and harness from England and America, and great care is taken in seeing that everything is in first-class order before a team is allowed to leave the stables. A large number of carriages and conveyances of all kinds are kept ready for the use of patrons, also a number of high-class horses for riding or driving; and a shoeing forge is attached to the premises. During the visit of the Prince and Princess of Wales to Dunedin, Mr. Bacon supplied the horses and carriages used by the Royal pair in their drives around the city, and he has also catered for the Governor of New Zealand.
was born in Debden, Essex, England, in April, 1841, and arrived in New Zealand in 1858 by the ship “Nourmahal.” Before establishing his business he was engaged in lightering in the harbour with a small vessel owned by himself. In 1868 Mr. Bacon established his present business, and now claims to be the oldest livery stable proprietor in Australasia. As a Freemason, he is a member of Lodge Otago Kilwinning, 417, Scottish Constitution. Mr. Bacon resides at 10 Cargill Street, and has a family of two sons and three daughters. [After these articles were linotyped, Mr. Bacon's business passed into the hands of Mr. James Jeffs.]
formerly owned the Rink Livery and Letting Stables, and Criterion Stables, Moray Place. At the Rink Stables he had three Bradley carts, eight single buggies, five double buggies, three waggonettes, two drags, and three landaus, besides dog-carts, gigs, and brakes. Though forty-five horses were kept, they were found to be none too many for the large demand. At the Criterion Stables. Mr. Jeffs kept about ten horses and six or seven traps. He had a blacksmith's shop at both places, as well for his own use as for the convenience of customers. He started in the livery stable business in Palmerston South, where he was also a coach proprietor, running lines of coaches to Naseby and to Nenthorn, the centre of the reefing goldfields, thirty-five miles distant from Palmerston. He retained this business till October, 1897, when, finding that the two large concerns in town required his whole attention, he sold out. Mr. Jeffs purchased the Criterion stables in December, 1894, and the Rink stables two years later from Messrs. Parker and Finlay. After he assumed control, the business and plant were doubled within twelve months. Mr. Jeffs employed an expert for the breaking-in
, 3 Manse Street, Dunedin (Telephone, 1072; Bankers, Bank of New Zealand) trading with J. M. Heywood and Co., Christchurch, Colonial Carrying Co., Wellington, and W. and G. Winstone, Auckland, in combination as the New Zealand Carrying Company. The property of the firm consists of the business offices and eight sample rooms in Manse Street, five large sample rooms in Dowling Street in premises adjoining Messrs Sargood, Son and Ewen's warehouse; seven sample rooms in Stafford Street; commodious furniture store, stables, etc., also in Stafford Street; and complete working plant of lorries, furniture vans, spring drays and express waggons. Messrs Crust and Crust's twenty sample rooms are all conveniently situated, well lighted and equipped for the convenience of commercial travellers. They have ample storage accommodation, a large plant, and a first-class staff, affording every facility for properly conducting the various departments of their large business in all its branches; namely, sample rooms, carrying, customs, shipping, and forwarding agency, storage and furniture, packing and removal; the latter being a branch of the business in which Mr. Crust has achieved an enviable reputation, he having always devoted special personal attention to it. The New Zealand Carrying Company has agents in all the leading commercial centres of the world, and these, with the co-operation of the firms named at the head of this article, and other good firms in various parts of the colony and abroad, enable the combination to collect goods at any place, and forward and deliver the same to any address, without trouble to either consignor or consignee. Messrs Crust and Crust enjoy a well earned reputation for reliability, promptitude and economy, and the large amount of business that flows in to them from commercial houses, travellers and the general public is therefore not a matter for surprise. Mr. Henry Crust has been in the carrying and forwarding business, (originally as Campbell and Crust) for nearly forty years, and the firm of Crust and Crust owes much of its prosperity to the progressive and thorough-going principles pursued by its enterprising proprietor. During the visit of the Prince and Princess of Wales to New Zealand, the New Zealand Carrying Company was appointed cartage contractor to their Royal Highnesses throughout the colony and was warmly commended for the general efficiency with which it carried out its important duties.
, Livery and Bait Stable Proprietors, 123 Maclaggan Street, Dunedin. These stables were established in 1876 by Mr. Thomas Fitzgerald, and have been held in popular esteem for many years past. What strikes the casual visitor most, in regard to the premises, is the thorough cleanliness of the whole of the establishment, for the proprietors rightly believe that scrupulously clean quarters are necessary to keep a horse in good condition. The Messrs Fitzgerald keep about twenty-three horses, which, for their work, are the best that money can buy. There are about fifteen conveyances on the premises, including carriages, cabs, waggonettes, singles, station waggons, and a double buggly; also a landau, which cost £240, and was the second carriage built in Dunedin.
was born in Limerick, Ireland, in 1850, and arrived in Victoria, in 1863, by the ship “Waiteanga.” He remained in Australia for seven years, and found plenty of employment as a coachdriver. In 1870 he came to Dunedin, where he was the first licensed carriage driver. Subsequently he was engaged to drive Sir Julius Vogel through to Christchurch, a feat which was accomplished without accident. Mr. Fitzgerald has been a member of the A.O.H. since 1891. He was married in 1876, but his wife died in 1900, leaving one daughter and one son.
, who is associated in business with his father, was born in Dunedin, and educated at the Christian Brothers' school. After serving an apprenticeship as a coach painter with Messrs J. Robin and Co., he joined his father in the present business, and has done much to increase the popularity of the stables. He is a member of the Wingatui Racing Club, the Tahuna Park Trotting Club, and the Forbury Racing Club. Mr. Fitzgerald has also been an enthusiast in cricket and football.
, General Carriers, Customs, Shipping, Baggage, and Express Forwarding Agents; Head Office, Crawford Street, Dunedin; P.O. Box, 24; Telephone, 1152; Bankers, Bank of New Zealand. Directors: Messrs James Brown, Robert See, E. J. Duthie, C. S. Owen and James Duthie. Secretary, Mr. Charles S. Owen. This important institution has branches and agents in all the principal towns in the colony, and is also represented abroad. The establishment of the company dates back to the year 1867, when operations were commenced in a modest way under the style of Campbell and Crust, general carriers. Twelve years later when the present name of the company was added to the firm, they began to undertake the collecting and forwarding of goods and parcels to any address at through rates. In 1895 the firm was incorporated into a limited liability company. The policy adopted at the initiation of the company, and which has since been successfully adhered to, is to advance with the times, to make every provision for all possible requirements, to further extend its operations, and to meet the demand of its ever-increasing traffic. Operations were first extended from Dunedin to Christchurch, Wellington and Auckland, and gradually to every town of importance in both islands, and the well known carrying business of Messrs James Duthie and Co., of Dunedin, was acquired and incorporated in the firm. Several thousands of pounds have been expended in connection with the various branches of the New Zealand Express Company in providing and fitting up well-lighted and commodious sample rooms for the use and convenience of commercial travellers. By this excellent arrangement the company is enabled to forward travellers' samples right through the colony, and thus save its clients the trouble of arranging for transport and securing sample rooms. Goods and parcels are collected and forwarded to any address at through rates, without trouble to the consignor or consignee, and shippers find the company's service the best means to forward small consignments. The custom house and shipping agency department offer advantages to importers, commercial travellers, and tourists, inasmuch as the clearing of goods through the Customs is effected by the company, and all documents pertaining to their importation are confidentially treated. The general prosperity of New Zealand has naturally been one of the main factors of the success of the New Zealand Express Company, but this success has been enhanced by the capable management and enterprise of the company's directors. To-day the firm stands among the large employers of labour in New Zealand, and its continued prosperity is necessary to the welfare of the hand of employees connected with its various branches
, Timber Merchants, Lower Rattray Street, Dunedin. This business was established in 1897, by the late Mr. James Hogg, and was formed into a limited liability company early in 1900. On the death of Mr. Hogg in 1903, his son, Mr. Alfred M. Hogg, succeeded him as managing director, a position which he still occupies. The premises, which cover over an acre of freehold land, adjoin the railway and shipping wharves, thus facilitating the loading and unloading of timber. The firm stock red and white pine, kauri, Tasmanian hardwood, Oregon, cedar, deal, and other timbers in large quantities to suit the requirements of the building trade. A planing, moulding and saw-milling plant has recently been added, and a large two-storey brick building has been erected to accommodate the machinery which was all specially imported. Hogg and Co. are the Dunedin agents for
John Lysaght, Limited, of Bristol, manufacturers of galvanised iron. Although a comparatively young company, Messrs Hogg and Co., are making substantial headway as suppliers of first-class material to the builders and contractors in Otago and Southland.
, Managing Director of Messrs Hogg and Co., Limited, was born in Dunedin in 1870, and educated at the Boys' High School. On leaving school he entered the firm of Messrs A. S. Paterson and Co., grain merchants, and subsequently managed their Auckland branch for about four years. In 1900 Mr. Hogg joined his father, the late Mr. James Hogg, in the timber business, and is now (1904) managing director of the company that bears his name. Mr. Hogg, who is keenly interested in athletics, is a member of the Otago Golf Club, and also of the Otago Club.
It has been well said that the character of a people is proved in times of stress and trouble; and that the qualities of men are subjected to a real test when determination and effort are exercised by baffling and uncongenial tasks. These axioms were abundantly illustrated in connection with the colonisation of Otago. When the pioneer settlers arrived in 1848, their destination was a wilderness of swamps and forests, and the hills that frowned upon them were covered with bush down to the water's edge. To make a home, clear and till the soil, and build a city, required strength of character and manly effort. These things were common amongst early colonists. Had they not been, Otago would not have been what it is to-day. Indeed the Otago of today is a monument to the courage, energy, and steadfast moral and religious principles of the pioneer colonists, whose works and memories should foster in their descendants a manly passion for noble ideals. “Come, now let us praise famous men, and the fathers who begat us,” might well be a popular motto amongst the offspring of the country's early nation-makers, and nothing could be more suitable as an inscription over the entrance to an Early Colonists' Hall. The plodding bullock team and the rough sledge were the vehicles of early days, but had these not been worked to good purpose we should not now have had electric trams and cable cars. The citizen of to-day enjoys in Dunedin every comfort, convenience, and adaptation of modern civilised life and scientific knowledge; and in realising this his mind must often revert to the scenes of early colonisation, and to the difficulties surmounted and hardships endured by his forerunners, mixed with deep gratitude to those sturdy men and sterling women. The Otago Early Settlers' Association should do good work in this connection, and help and encourage the present and future times to cherish generous recollections of the pioneer colonists.
Nor need those recollections be all of the unco-serious or ultra-sobersided sort; far from it. Vivacious anecdote and picturesque incident should be hardly less plentiful in the tales of the days of old than raisins were wont to be in the plum puddings so favoured of the pioneers. Here such things can be glanced at in only a far-off manner. In the early days Dunedin had only one school, which stood in the neighbourhood of the site now (1904) covered by the Standard Insurance. Building. The beach came up to the fence, and the pupils were often punished for setting baited fish-hooks for the unsophisticated gulls. Packing cases served for boats, and many a capsize took place in the water which then covered the site of the present Triangle. However, the banks were shallow, and of drowning there was no fear and little risk. There were some cabbage trees in one corner of the school ground, and under them youthful love-making went on between little lads and lasses who are now grand-fathers and grandmothers. Then, once in the early days, as the Rev. J. A. Fenton and Mr. A. R. C. Strode were walking down Princes Street, they met a woman who was crying bitterly. When these gentlemen sympathetically enquired into the cause of her grief, she replied that while crossing the street she had lost her shoes in the mud. A policeman was called to help in the search, yet the three men, who spared no pains, could find only one shoe. Doubtless these are small things, but life itself is made up of such, just as the universe is of atoms; and such anecdotes have value as aids to a realisation of the past, concerning which much may be gleaned from the short biographies in this section.
It has been found impracticable to group here all the old colonists referred to throughout the volume. Many of them have occupied—and some of them still fill—important public, official, and commercial positions; while others are referred to in connection with the country districts, where they have so long had their homes.
. This Association was instituted in Dunedin in April, 1898, immediately after the Jubilee Celebration, which took place in March. Its object was to collect and preserve records of early history; to arrange for gatherings, where early settlers could meet and exchange reminisces, and to keep alive the good feeling which prevailed in the early days, etc., etc. It is governed by a president, six vice-presidents, a treasurer, and a committee of twelve members. The first president was Mr. E. B. Cargill (son of Captain Cargill, the leader, and one of the founders of the settlement), who held office during the year 1898–1899. Mr. John Reid followed for the year 1899–1900, and then Mr. Donald Reid from 1900–1904. Mr. Peter Duncan was the first secretary (honorary) and Mr. G. C. Proudfoot (who still holds office) honorary treasurer. The promoters were all descendants of early settlers, but the Association nearly collapsed before the expiration of the first year. At a garden party given by Mr. Peter Duncan and Mrs Duncan at their residence, Tolcarne, to about 800 guests, consisting of early settlers and their descendants, Mr. Duncan said that the danger had arisen out of the fact that the promoters, being descendants, had not “a grip of the ramifications of the early days; the Association was almost in a state of collapse until Mr. Lang-lands came on the scene, and the result had proved that he was the right man in the right place.”
, Secretary of the Otago Early Settlers' Association, arrived in New Zealand by the “Victory” in July, 1848. Having been in the Customs and Postal Department in the early days, all matters connected with early history are like an open book to him; and having accepted the office of secretary of the Early Settlers' Association, and being an enthusiast in the objects of the Association, rapid progress has been made; the debt cleared off, and the membership largely increased; in fact the fitness of Mr. Langlands as secretary, and the tact and popularity of Mr. Donald Reid as president, soon assured the success of the Association; which now has a membership of 800, consisting
, Old Colonist, now living in retirement at the Hermitage, Stirling, Otago, arrived at Port Nicholson in 1840, and his name appears on the burgess roll of the city of Wellington for the year 1843. He was born in the city of Stirling, Scotland, in October, 1818, and he is the second son of the late Mr. John Anderson, proprietor of the Fisheries, Stirling. After completing his education, he assisted his father, and before leaving for New Zealand, purchased from the New Zealand Colonization Company, promoted by Edward Gibbon Wakefield, one town acre and a rural selection of 100 acres, at the upset price of £1 per acre. This purchase entitled the buyer to a free first-class passage to Port Nicholson, and the privilege of taking as many servants as he desired to the new Colony. In 1839, Mr. Anderson, accompanied by a married couple and several other emigrants, embarked at Glasgow, in the ship “Bengal Merchant,” which reached its destination in January, 1840. In consequence of the dense bush which surrounded Port Nicholson, and the delays caused by the non-survey of the surrounding country, Mr. Anderson and the other settlers were unable to obtain their sections. He therefore gave his servants permission to engage with other employers, and he built a store of
was born at Carnoustie, Dundee, Scotland, and arrived in New Zealand, in 1859, accompanied by Mrs Anderson, in the ship “Zealandia.” He was brought up to the cabinetmaking trade, and after his arrival in Dunedin he worked at the old Otago foundry, but subsequently started in business as a builder and contractor. Mr. Anderson did all the wocd turning for the old courthouse and old Knox church. In 1882 he went to reside in North East Valley, where he lived until his death in 1896, at the age of sixty-two. He was connected with the North East Valley borough council from its inception, was Mayor in 1895,” and was also a member of the licensing committee and school committee for several years.
was born in 1828, and was educated in Wexford, Ireland. Brought up to the business of a chemist, he joined Mr. Brooks of Dublin, with whom he continued till 1848, when he went to America for two years. Soon after his return from the States, Mr. Armstrong came out to Victoria, where he had ten years' experience on the goldfields, and was in practice as a dentist, having studied the profession in Dublin. He settled in Dunedin in 1861, and claims to have been the first dentist in the city. Mr. Armstrong was prominent as a politician in the early days, and held a seat in the Provincial Council of Otago for eight years. As a Freemason, he was initiated in Lodge St. John in 1851, and was one of the founders of Lodge Dunedin.
, An early and prominent settler of Mornington, was born in Glasgow, Scotland. He emigrated to Victoria in 1853 where he followed gold mining at Bendigo
Castlemaine, and other places, and arrived in New Zealand in 1862. He went to the Dunstan rush, but did not meet with much success. Later on the became employed in the firm of Mr. John Reid, and owing to subsequent changes in the firm, he with the late Mr. Robert Nimmo purchased the business. altering the title of the firm to Messrs Nimmo and Blair, now so well known throughout New Zealand. After a most successful career Mr. Blair retired from business in 1894. He has always taken an active interest in the Presbyterian church, and has been an elder of St. Andrew's church for a number of years, acting as Sessions Clerk
was born in Govan, Lanarkshire, Scotland, in 1837. At the age of sixteen he emigrated to Tasmania, by the ship “Commodore Perry,” and after residing in the western districts for some months, crossed over to Victoria, and went to the goldfields. He was present during the exciting scenes of Ballarat and Sandhurst, and in the sixties he came over to Otago, to which he brought horses and merchandise. At first he kept a store at Wakatipu, and had teams plying between Dunedin and the diggings, and he was after wards farming at Mosgiel. In conjunction with Mr. Mathew Hastie, and afterwards with Mr. Peter Day, he carried out many extensive contracts and works, such as the Clutha bridge, the Athol-Kingston railway, Whangarei-Kamo railway, Groytown bridge, Westport railway, and the Waitaki bridge at Hakataramea. He also imported to the Colonies about 1,500 head of draught horses and pure-bred cattle. In Tasmania, with his partner, he constructed the railway from Deloraine to Fermoy, and the Warrnambool-Kurio railway line in Victoria. On returning to New Zealand. Mr. Blair settled at Abbotsford farm, on the Taieri Plain, and was a successful breeder of pure Leicesters. He was for years a member of the river board and road board; and was on the committee of the Otago Agricultural Society. Mr. Blair died at Chicago while on his way to Scotland, and left one daughter and two sons; John Bell Blair, junior, and James Waddell Blair, who were educated at the Boys' High School, Dunedin.
was the second son of the late Thomas Black, J.P., M.D., F.R.G.S.A., of Melbourne, Victoria, who was practically the founder of many useful Victorian institutions, such as the Zoological Gardens, the Medical Society of Victoria, and the Bank of Victoria. William Black was born at Carrickfergus. County Antrim, Ireland, on the 26th of January, 1830. His father migrated to Sydney, New South Wales, in 1831, and practised his profession in that town until 1842, when he was appointed surgeon to the Imperial troops then stationed at Melbourne. Whilst the family was at Sydney William Black was educated at private schools, and while at Melbourne he attended the academical institution kept by the Rev. Mr. Brickwood. In 1853 he accompanied his father and family to England, and spent some years on the continent. In 1861 he and his brother Charles took up the Omakio run in Central Otago. It was in 1862 that the famous gold rush took place in the neighbourhood of the station, near which the town of Blacks (Ophir) arose. Owing to a sudden drop in the price of wool, then the only mainstay of sheepowners, the Black brothers, had, like many others at the time, to relinquish sheepfarming. Mr. William Black thereupon again entered commercial life, and became manager at Oamaru for Messrs Cargill and McLean, merchants. Whilst residing in that town he took a keen interest in matters of public interest, as he did throughout his active life. In 1870 he returned to Victoria, where he had received a good banking appointment, and in subsequent years he managed the Prahran branch of the National Bank of Australasia. He also held other managerial appointments until his retirement from banking, in 1887, while a resident of New Zealand. Mr. Black returned to Victoria, where he died at his residence, at South Yarra, on the 30th of June, 1897; aged sixty-seven. He had eight surviving children, six sons and two daughters. Three of the sons reside in New Zealand. The accompanying photograph shows Mr. Black in court dress, and was taken before he left London for New Zealand.
was born at Snitton Farm, in Shropshire, England, in 1843 (his father being a tenant of Lord Clyde, of Ockley Park), and was educated in his native county at Bitterey, and afterwards at Ludlow. He came to New Zealand with his father in 1858, and landed at Dunedin from the s.s. “Lord Worsley.” Mr. Bray, with five others, went to the noted Cherry Farm, and opened the first dairy for the late Mr. John Jones, with whom he remained about two years. In 1863 he purchased the Hilltop Farm (Mount Durden) and remained there about ten years, but was afterwards butchering for twenty years. Mr. Bray settled in the Waikouaiti district, where he had a farm of about 600 acres, on which he depastured about 600 crossbred sheep and fattened stock and cattle. The whole estate was in a high state of cultivation, with a homestead and all necessary outbuildings. Mr. Bray had a leasehold run of several thousands of acres, where he had a large number of sheep and cattle. It was largely through his exertions that the Waikouaiti Jockey Club was formed, and developed from a small affair to its present state. Mr. Bray was a member of the Hawksbury Borough Council and Domain Board. He died in November, 1901.
, who came out to Otago by the “Philip Laing,” was born in Glasgow, Scotland, in 1823. On arriving in New Zealand he first settled at Inchclutha, where he engaged in farming, but he afterwards
moved to the North Taieri, where he purchased 300 acres, which then included the famous Wairongia Springs (now in the possession of Thomson and Co.), of which he was
, who has been a successful colonist, arrived in Otago by the ship “Coromandel” in the year 1880. He was born at Diss, in the county of Norfolk, in which district a large brush manufacturing trade is carried on, and to which Mr. Broad was brought up from his boyhood. He was for some time in partnership with his father in that line of business before coming to this Colony, and was thoroughly skilled in every branch of the industry. It was natural, therefore, that on his arrival in Dunedin he should establish himself in brush manufacture, for which he saw there was a good opening. Five years later, he purchased a site in St. Andrew Street and erected a substantial two storey brick building, where he carried on manufacturing operations on an extensive scale. The factory is styled the Otago Brush Works, and contains suitable machinery necessary for the production of all kinds of brushware. Mr. Broad commanded a brisk trade throughout the Colony. He disposed of this flourishing business in 1897, and retired into private life to enjoy the well-earned fruits of his industry. Mr. Broad has devoted his energy and influence in support of the temperance cause, in the sincere belief that nothing can be more beneficial to general prosperity than prohibition.
, Of Abbotsford, near Dunedin, was born in the village of Durisdeer, Dumfriesshire, Scotland, and emigrated to Melbourne in 1854. Four years later he arrived in Dunedin. The first fellmongery in Otago was established by him; a business he successfully carried on for many years. Mr. Brown first leased a piece of land from the late Hon. W. H. Reynolds, and subsequently bought about 400 acres from the same owner, at £7 10s. an acre. This was the first land sold in Otago at the original price of 10s. per acre. A portion of the land was subdivided at a later date by Mr. Brown into the township of Abbotsford. In 1903 he retired from the fellmongery business in favour of his son, John Thomas Brown, and he now farms his large property of 800 acres. Mr. Brown was for some years a member of the old Kaikorai Road Board, but he has not otherwise taken an active part in public affairs. He married Miss Jane Freeman, daughter of the late William Freeman, who arrived in Dunedin in 1858, from Yorkshire, England, and, of a family of eleven, four sons and five daughters are still living.
was born in Plymouth, Devonshire, England, in 1828, and emigrated to Victoria after the great exhibition of London in 1851. He remained in that colony till 1862, and was engaged in storekeeping at Ballarat at the time of the riots. Mr. Browne arrived in Dunedin in 1862, when the main road was being formed from Dunedin to Waikouaiti, and became newsvendor and letter-carrier for the roadmen, as well as financial agent for the storekeepers who supplied the men with goods. At that time there was only a ferry over the Waikouaiti river. Mr. Browne was one of the original members of the Loyal Prince Alfred Lodge, Manchester Unity, which was formed in 1861. He was for many years in business as a stationer and news agent at Hawksbury, Waikouaiti, and left for England in November, 1903.
was a native of Banffshire, Scotland, and arrived in Otago by the ship “Ajax,” in January, 1849, in the tenth month of the settlement of Otago, and the ninth year of the Colony of New Zealand. Mr. Brown was then in his twenty-sixth year. He assisted in erecting Mr. Valpy's sawmill at the Water of Leith, and worked it for some time. Mr. James Blackie, the teacher who came out with the original settlers, with a three years' engagement, having failed in health, went to Sydney, where he died soon afterwards; and before he left Mr. Brown undertook to conduct the school for three months, and he completed the term. His father, mother, brothers and sisters arrived at the end of 1850, and settled down at Anderson's Bay, where they carried on farming and did mechanical work. Along with his father and brother, Mr. Brown erected the first threshing machine in Otago; it was for the Rev. Thomas Burns, to be used on his land opposite Dunedin, and was made wholly of wooden gearing, no castings being available. Mr. Brown made a model of this machine for the exhibition of 1889–90, and it is now in the possession of the Otago Museum. In those early days Mr. Brown also made a number of barn fanners and other agricultural implements. In 1856 Mr. Brown removed to Tokomairiro, and set Mr. Peter McGill's first flour mill going. He also sold half an acre of land to the late Mr. W. H. Mansford, who erected a store, which was the beginning of Milton. Mr. Brown surveyed portions of Milton for Mr. McGill and others, and when it was incorporated in 1866, he was elected its first mayor, and was re-elected for
, Of Outram, West Taieri, came out to Otago by the “Philip Laing,” in 1848, with his parents. He was born in Kirkintilloch, Dumbartonshire, in 1827. When the “Philip Laing” arrived at Port Chalmers, Mr. Buchanan and some of his fellow passengers walked to Dunedin, no slight undertaking in those days. The sights by the way were all new and strange and interesting—the native bush, native pigeons and parrots, and native vegetation, together with the building of a wattle and daub hut by some settlers. Of Dunedin itself, the first glimpse was worth remembering, for the town then consisted of three houses—a public house, the residence of Mr. Charles Kettle, chief surveyor of the New Zealand Company, and another dwelling house. Night coming on, and rain beginning to fall, Captain Cargill gave the newcomers permission to reside that night in the Company's shed, which was open on all sides, with nothing but the roof, and as the night was cold, bleak and rainy, they had a time of it. However, about midnight the rain cleared off and they found their way into the bush and raised a fire, and finding a potato patch near at hand, they dug and roasted their first New Zealand potatoes. In the morning Mr. Buchanan and his friends gladly returned to the ship. In finally coming up from the port Mr. Buchanan and his companions met with another adventure. The boatmen got intoxicated, and lay in the bottom of the boat, and Mr. Buchanan and his friends had to take to the oars and pull themselves up the harbour. They arrived when the tide was out, and had to carry their goods nearly a mile through deep mud to the beach. Mr. Buchanan obtained employment at making footpaths in Dunedin, and the working hours were then signalised by the playing of the bagpipes—an ingenious device, worthy of a Scottish pioneer settlement, poorly supplied with clocks and watches. The pipes were played at 8 a.m. to begin the day's work, at 12 o'clock to knock off for dinner, at 1 o'clock to resume, and at 5 p.m. to stop work for the day. On the 20th of June, 1848, Mr. Buchanan, with a number of others, left Dunedin with a Maori guide and started for Mr. Lee's station, now known as “Woodside.” The first night they reached Duneira, about half way across the plain, where they slept fitfully in the fern, and passed a cold, frosty night around a fire. Next day the Taieri river was crossed, and Mr. Lee's station was reached after dark. The station hands then numbered fourteen, and the life led by all was full of the freshness and vicissitude incidental to a pioneer settlement. After spending three years in the service of Mr. Lee, Mr. Buchanan purchased 117 acres of land at Outram, where he has ever since followed agriculture. Mr. Buchanan has generally had excellent crops; his wheat has usually averaged about forty bushels per acre, and on two occasions his oats yielded 120 bushels per acre. He has a pretty two-storey dwelling house with nicely laid out grounds in front. His first experiences in the Colony were bitter and discouraging, but he has never regretted leaving the Old Country, for although no fortune has been amassed, he has a good home, and is comfortable and happy, with a family of four sons and four daughters.
, Of Okorowhare, Vauxhall, Anderson's Bay, was born in 1827 in Lanarkshire, Scotland, and arrived in New Zealand by the ship “Slains Castle,” on the 7th of November, 1852. He had learned farming in Canada, where he went in 1846. Subsequently he removed to New York, where he joined a party who chartered a vessel to proceed to the Californian gold diggings. On the way thither they put into Rio de Janiero, where Mr. Burnside left the party owing to constant scenes of drunkenness on board. He shipped to Valparaiso, where he joined the service of the Pacific Steam Navigation Company, trading between there and Panama. A year later Mr. Burnside shipped to San Francisco, and having purchased a team of mules and a cart he obtained an engagement to water the streets of the new city, which, in summer time, was a dusty place. He subsequently joined a vessel engaged in Island trading, and on arriving at Launceston, Tasmania, at the end of the voyage shipped for London. This proved an eventful trip, as the ship lost her masts, and her decks were swept by heavy seas, all her supply of fresh water was lost, and she had to put in to St. Helena for repairs. Misfortune followed the vessel, for on her arrival in the English Channel, in the foggy month of December, the captain mistook Oris Light for Beachy Head, and ran her on the rocks, which knocked a large hole in her hull. The ship, then in a sinking condition, was towed into London after an eventful voyage of five months. On his arrival home, Mr Burnside determined to give up all idea of a sea life and remain in the Old Country, but, soon changing his mind, he took a passage on the “Slains Castle” for the young colony of Otago. Amongst his fellow passengers were the Gillies family. On arrival in Dunedin Mr. Burnside and Mr. T. B. Gillies (afterwards Judge Gillies) bought land at Tokomairiro and carried on farming in partnership for a year. Mr. Burnside then removed to a place nearer Dunedin at Chain Hill, but sold out some time later and bought a farm adjoining his old property of Tokomairiro. When the diggings broke out Mr. Burnside and Mr. J. L. Gillies went to Gabriel's Gully, where they were very successful and subsequently opened a general store under the title of Gillies and Burnside. Later on the partners advantageously disposed of this business. Mr. Burnside then returned to Dunedin, and was appointed deputy under his father-in-law, the late Mr. John Gillies, who then held the position of Returning Officer and Registrar of Births, Deaths and Marriages. Mr. Burnside now lives in retirement at his residence at Vauxhall, and devotes his leisure to the healthy amusement of gardening. He married Miss Jessie Gillies, who died in August, 1892, and of a family of ten, six now (1904) are alive. The only son is Mr. John Arthur Burnside, the well known architect. Miss Kate Burnside is a missionary at Poonah, India, and two unmarried daughters live at home.
was born in Tasmania in 1838, and went in the schooner “Isabelle” with Captain Gage to California, at the time of the gold rush there. After three months spent in that country, Mr. Butterfield, then quite a lad, shipped on the schooner “John Bull,” for Auckland, where he arrived in 1849, and in the same year left for Tasmania, where he served an apprenticeship to the cabinet making trade. When the Port Curtis rush, on the Fitzroy river, occurred, he was seized with the gold fever, and hastily proceeded to the scene of activity, but like many others he was not very successful there, and soon left for Sydney, where for two years he worked at his trade. After a few years spent at sea in whaling ships, Mr. Butterfield arrived at Port Chalmers, in the “Cosmopolite,” in the early sixties, and again applied himself to his trade. He revisited his native country, and while there got married, finally returning to Dunedin and settling down in business. Mr. Butterfield has a grown up family of five sons and three daughters.
, one of the Pioneers of Otago, arrived by the ship “Mariner” in June, 1849, accompanied by Mrs Calder, and a family of five sons and three daughters. Mr. Calder was a stone mason and builder by trade and erected for the late Mr. Valpy the first stone building in Dunedin, and the teacher's residence in connection with First Church, where Messrs Sargood's large warehouse now stands. He erected many other buildings, portions of which are still in existence, and was engaged by the Provincial Government in forming and metalling the main road from Normanby. North East Valley, to Saddle Hill, the first metal road in Otago. He also superintended the erection of the suspension bridge at West Taieri. in the early sixties. Mr. Calder died in 1873, at the age of seventy-nine. Mrs Calder having predeceased him in 1878.
was born in the East of Scotland in 1825, and educated at Paisley High School. He was for many years in business as a hide and leather factor, and general commission agent. In 1863 he arrived in Port Chalmers, a passenger in the ship “Sir Walter Eyre,” and entered business in Dunedin. After several years as accountant for local commercial firms, he commenced business on his own account, and for many years was prominent as a public auditor and account- ant. Mr, Callender acted as auditor for the National Insurance company, the Westport Coal company, the “Otago Dally Times” company, the Kaitangata Railway and Coal company, the New Zealand Hard-ware company, McLeod Bros. Ltd., the Ros-lyn Tramway company, the Dunedin Sale-yards company, the Farmers' Agency company, the Perpetual Trustees, Executors and Agency company, and a good many mining companies, and was secretary to the “Moonlight” Sluicing Company, Ltd. As a Freemason he was initiated in Lodge St. Marks 104, S.C., in Glasgow. In 1851 Mr. Callender married a daughter of the late Rev. Dr. Baird, of Paisley: she died in 1867, leaving two sons and four daughters. Mr. Callender died on the 8th of July, 1902.
, Of Milton House, St, Clair, near Dunedin, was born at Renton, Dumbartonshire, Scotland, on the 27th of September. 1814, and arrived in Dunedin. by the ship “Ajax.” on the 7th of January, 1849. He was apprenticed to the trade of calico printing, a trade which he followed almost continuously until he left Scotland, in 1848, for New Zealand. On two occasions of great depression in Scotland, he followed a seafaring life for a short time, and made a trip to North America, the Mediterranean, and the West Indies. When Mr. Campbell and his wife arrived at Dunedin by the “Ajax,” in 1848, the outlook for the young colonists was not very promising, as Dunedin then consisted of a few wattle-and-daub huts. Mr. Campbell, however, possessed two qualifications for a successful colonist—hope and perseverance. He built a house for himself on what is now known as Manor Place. It was not a very pretentious building. as it consisted merely of a few round trees cut in a neighbouring gully. Their ends were stuck in the ground, the roof was made of manuka and rushes, and. inside, the walls were plastered with mud. Yet it was a warm and comfortable house. Mr. Campbell's next care was to get employment, and he considered himself fortunate in being engaged by Mr. Kettle, for his survey party, at a wage of four shillings a day. As the little settlement increased in population Mr. Campbell determined to work for himself, and seeing a good opportunity of making money by trading in a boat from Port Chalmers to Dunedin, he purchased some land at Sawyer's Bay, and with a good boat started on the laborious business of making a fortune—if possible. After building a home. he cleared the ground for growing vegetables, for which there was a good demand, and thus he set out on the road to prosperity. He was constantly employed in conveying goods and passengers from the incoming ships to the township, and in this way he made a lot of money. After clearing his land, in his spare intervals, he added a cow to his live stock of poultry, and by the sale of butter, vegetables and eggs, he enjoyed a considerable increase to his income. Mr. Campbell carried in his boat from the shore to the ship's side the first wool exported from Port Chalmers. It was owned by the late Mr. John Jones, consisted of two bales and a
, one of Otago's earliest colonists, occupied many public positions. He was born at Stonehaven, Scotland, on the 5th of February, 1812, and was articled to the law in his native place, being a diligent student for five and a half years. While serving in the office of Messrs. Ray and Wood, Writers to the Signet, Edinburgh, he further studied at the university, and was subsequently for some time clerk to Lord Gordon. After his marriage on the 25th of March, 1845, Mr. Chapman became a member of the Otago Settlement and purchased fifty acres of rural and ten acres of suburban land, besides a town quarter-acre section. He was unable to come out by the first emigrant ships, but arrived with his wife on the 21st of September 1848, in the “Blundell,” and commenced work on his town section, He was soon afterwards appointed clerk to the Bench, as well as Registrar of Births, Deaths, and Marriages for Otago, and Official Administrator of Intestate Estates. In the following year he became Registrar of the Supreme Court and Registrar of Deeds. On the establishment of provincial councils in 1853, Mr. Chapman was appointed clerk to the Otago provincial council, a position he held till 1862, when he resigned on account of the pressure of other official duties. He re-tired from office in 1876, owing to falling health. Under the provincial system, Mr. Chapman was returning-officer for Dunedin, Kaikorai, and Bruce, and in the early days some contested elections were held in his own house, which served as a polling-booths. He was one of the first members of the old Dunedin town board. During the year 1892— when his son. Mr. C. R. Chapman, was mayor of Dunedin—he erected a handsome column in the Octagon in memory of his friend, the Rev. Thomas Burns, D.D., at a cost of over 1,000. Mr. Chapman died in Dunedin, in September, 1898.
, J.P., Old Colonist, of Clarksville, near Milton, represented the Matau and Tokomairiro districts in the Otago Provincial Council from 1864 until the abolition of the Provinces, and is one of the best
known settlers of Otago. He is the third son of Mr. George Clark, and was born near Dunse, Berwickshire, Scotland, in 1821, and educated at Polwarth parish school. At the age of seventeen he was apprenticed to the trade of a carpenter, and worked as a journeyman in Edinburgh, for five years. In 1848 he sailed from Granton Pier, near Edinburgh, in a coastal steamer to join the ship “Blundell,” lying in London Docks, to embark with other passengers, bound for New Zealand. The “Blundell” arrived at Port Chalmers in September, 1848. Mr. Clark worked at his trade as a master builder in Dunedin, until 1856, when he decided to settle in the Tokomairiro district, where he purchased a section of land now known as Clarksville. He subsequently acquired 900 acres of land beyond Glenore, which he farmed for several years, but it is now leased to tenants, and Mr. Clark lives in retirement at his beautiful homestead at Clarksville, but still takes an active interest in religious, educational, charitablo and social
, sometime of Broom-hill Farm, Clarksville, near Milton, was an elder brother of Mr. Henry Clark, and was born in the parish of Polwarth, near Dunse, Berwickshire, Scotland, on the 12th of July, 1817, and had, all his life, been connected with agriculture. Prior to leaving Scotland he worked upon an estate belonging to the Marquis of Breadalbane. He left Glasgow by the ship “Jura” in 1858, and landed at Port Chalmers in the month of December of the same year. Mr. Clark then accepted employment with the late Mr. William Popplewell, farmer, of Tokomairiro, with whom he remained for three years. He then purchased a portion of the “Broomhill” property, and subsequently acquired an additional 200 acres, named the “Hill Farm.” Mr. Clark devoted most of his time to improving his farm for the benefit of his successors, but he was also a member of the Mount Stuart Road Board and a deacon of the Milton Presbyterian Church. In 1848 Mr. Clark was married to Agnes, daughter of Mr. David McLean, manager of the Broomhill estate, and they had a family of five sons and one daughter. Mr. Clark died in March, 1899.
arrived in Dunedin in 1854 by the ship “Stately.” He was then a married man, with five sons and six daughters. In conjunction with Mr Begg, he opened and carried on a draper's shop in Princes Street, and their business grew into the large and important one of Messrs Brown. Ewing and Co. On retiring from business Mr. Christie went to live at Saddle Hill, where he resided till the time of his death in 1887, when he was eighty years of age. Mrs Christie, who survived him, lived till 1898. Two of their sons carry on the business of Messrs Christie Brothers, coal mine owners, at Saddle Hill, near Dunedin.
is a son of the late Mr. James Christie, who came out to Otago in the ship “Statley” in the year 1854. He and his brother, Mr. W. L. Christie, are owners of the well known coal-mines at Saddle Hill, near Dunedin. Mr. Christie was for many years an enthusiastic volunteer, and was for upwards of twenty years a prominent member of the East Taieri Rifles, from which he retired with the rank of lieutenant. He held the Rifle Championship of New Zealand in 1866, when he won the Champion Belt and a money prize of 100. His total winnings for twenty years in his various shooting competitions amounted to 330 in cash, and he also won prizes in cups and medals valued at over 100. Mr. Christie has also been well known in racing circles, and won the Grand National at Christchurch in 1882, with his horse “Katerfelto.”
, son of the late Mr. James Christie, who came out to Otago by the ship “Stately” in 1854, was born at Montrose. Scotland, and came out to New Zealand with his parents. He was engaged in farming at the Taieri until 1874. when he began to work the coal mines now owned by him and his brother, Mr. David Christie, at Saddle Hill. During his residence in the Taieri Mr. Christie was a member of the old Taieri road board, and was also for some twenty years a member of the East Taieri volunteers. As such he was well known as a marksman. and in the match of his corps he won the gold medal and other prizes at the interpro-vincial rifle contests. Mr. Christie married Miss Emily Russell, who arrived by the ship “Mataura” in 1863, and there is a family of four.
one of Otago's earliest settlers, was born in the village of Troon, Ayrshire. Scotland, in 1819. He was
educated in his native place, and was afterwards apprenticed to the shipbuilding firm of Messrs Barclay. Curle and Co. of Glasgow, of which his brother was a partner. After serving his time, he decided upon a seafaring life, and later on captained various coastal trading vessels. About the year 1855 Captain Curle sailed for Melbourne, where he was engaged for some years in the building and repairing of trading ships and in managing a ferry service, which he himself promoted, on the Yarra river. In 1859 he sailed in his own vessel—a schooner of 100 tons—for Port Chalmers, and brought with him the iron hull, boiler, and engines, of a twenty-five ton screw steamer. On his arrival he immediately fitted up this steamer,
. J.P., first Mayor of the borough of West Harbour, and one of the earliest settlers in the district, was born in June, 1823, in Monmouthshire, England. He was educated for the medical profession at Bristol and at Bath, but in 1842 left England, and spent the following nine years on the continent, residing for some years at Moscow. In 1852, a few months after returning to England, he sailed in the ship “Royal Albert” for Otago. Mr. de Lacy lived in the Taieri with the late Mr. Robert Hastie for a short time, and in 1854 he took up property and resided at West Harbour, and named it Ravensbourne; thus supplying the present name of the chief township in the district. Mr. de Lacy was subsequently a Government official. He was in H.M. Customs from 1860 to 1871. in the Chief Gold Receiver's Department from 1861 to 1867, and on the Licensing Committee for Port Chalmers in 1880. He was Mayor of West Harbour from 1877 to 1878, and became a Justice of the Peace for the colony in 1877. From 1867 to 1872 he was a member of the West Harbour Road Board and its clerk, and was chairman in 1872. He was chairman of the Licensing Bench for many years. Since his resignation he has lived in retirement on his property at Ravensbourne. During his residence in the district he has done much to promote the interests of his borough, especially in obtaining from the Provincial Government a connection with Dunedin by means of an embankment across Pelichet Bay.
, of Kew, Caver-sham, was born in the parish of Shotts. near Glasgow, Scotland, and emigrated to Victoria in 1862. In 1865 he came to New Zealand, attracted by the reports of the Hokitika and West Coast goldfields, where he had varying success. He was then for a year at the Thames, whence he removed to Otago. After some years spent in prospecting on the Otago goldfields as far as Cromwell, Mr. Donaldson determined to try his fortunes in the city. Accordingly he went to Dunedin in 1870 and began work as a baker—a trade he had followed in the Old Country. Some time afterwards he started on his own account in what was long known as the “Glasgow Pie Shop,” then a wooden building, on the site of the premises now occupied by Mr. lies, hairdresser. After several years of prosperous business, carried on with the assistance of his wife (to whom he attributes much of his success), he purchased the freehold of the old shop, together with the adjoining premises at the corner of Dowling and Princes Streets, on which stood the handsome brick structure which is still there, and which was then occupied by Messrs Gillies and Street. He thereupon rebuilt the old pie house, and, in doing so, followed the architectural design of the corner building. He also acquired the right to a lease of the adjoining land fronting Dowling Street, and on it erected the substantial building, lately known as the “Shades Hotel;” in doing this Mr. Donaldson continued the same architectural design, and thus completed the handsome block of buildings which still remains. Having successfully carried on, in the enlarged premises, the combined business of the “Pie Shop” and hotelkeeper, he, in the year 1884, sold out his interest in the whole property, freehold and leasehold, to the Mutual Life Association of Australasia Limited, whose offices are now in the corner part of the building. After taking a short rest, he purchased the freehold of the old Oriental Hotel property, on the opposite sides of Dowling and Princes Streets, and at once proceeded to pull down the old wooden building and to erect on its site (about thirty feet square) a substantial four storey brick building, which formed the first portion of the present Excelsior Hotel. Subsequently he acquired the freehold of the balance of the quarter acre section, the Princes Street frontage of which was occupied by a number of small wooden shops, and the back part of the section along the whole frontage of Dowling Street was a high precipitous rock. Mr. Donaldson at once set to work to have the section reduced to street level, and the buildings fronting Princes Street removed. The whole of the work was carried out under Mr. Donaldson's own personal direction and supervision, and occupied about two or three years. Although a great deal of blasting was required to remove the hard rocky formation, the work was carried out without the slightest accident. Along the whole of the Princes Street frontage, and part of the Dowling Street one, he erected a large and substantial brick building, completing one of the best blocks of buildings in the city, and adding largely to the accommodation of the Excelsior Hotel, which he shortly afterwards leased to Mr. R. McKenzie. Since then he has not engaged in business, and lives at his private residence, Upper Kew, Caversham. In 1890, accompanied by his wife and one of his daughters, Mr. Donaldson visited Great Britain, where he remained about nine months. Mr. Donaldson never took any prominent part in public affairs. He married Miss McPherson, daughter of an old colonist, and has a family of three sons and three daughters. His eldest son is employed in the Government Railway Department, and one of his daughters is Miss May Donaldson, well known in musical circles.
arrived in Otago by the ship “Mooltan” in 1849. when he was accompanied by his wife and three sons. He
. J.P., is the only surviving son of the late Mr. John Duncan. He was born at Sneddon, near Paisley, Scotland. came to New Zealand with his parents in the “Mooltan.” and was educated at Dunedin. In those days the young colonial had to tackle hard work at an early age. and when a little over fourteen Mr. Duncan was engaged in carting firewood in and around the city, and carted it with the primitive bullock and dray. On the breaking out of the Gabriel's Gully rush, Mr. Duncan was the first to take a load of provisions into the goldfield, He subsequently started dealing in cattle and horses, and was also engaged in road contracting and in bridge building. After some years spent in these occupations. Mr. Duncan started butchering, and carried on the business for eighteen months. Subsequently he became engaged in several mining ventures, which did not prove so successful as he anticipated, and has practically lived in retirement at his residence in North East Valley since 1897. Mr, Duncan has always taken an interest in the public affairs of his district. He was a member of the old North East Valley road board, a member of the Council after the district was formed into a borough, and was Mayor for the year 1902–1903. Although on several occasions asked to stand for Parliament, he has. so far. not acceded to the request. Mr. Duncan is by conviction a strong Imperialist and a supporter of Mr. Chamberlain's policy of inter-imperial preferential trade. He is an old volunteer, and was a member of the old North Dunedin corps for many years, retiring with the rank of colour-sergeant. Mr. Duncan has taken an active interest in educational matters, and is a strong supporter of the present free and secular system. He married a lady from Victoria, and there is a family of two daughters and one son. Both, the daughters are married.
, of North East Valley, is a son of George Farquharson, of Belnabodoch. and a. brother of Mr. Francis Farquharson now in possession of Belnabodoch, and representative of the Inverey family of Farquharsons. His cousin. Colonel John Farquharson, C.B., R.E., is Director General of the Imperial Ordnance Survey Department. Mr. James Farquharson was born in Strathdon, Aberdeenshire, Scotland, in 1841, and after leaving school, learned farming in Morayshire. He left for Dunedin by the ship “Wave Queen” in 1863, and tried his luck at the gold diggings, but was unsuccessful. For about eighteen months subsequently he was employed on stations. and returned to Dunedin to purchase a property of eighty acres at Maybank. There he lived for five years before acquiring his present property of nearly five hundred acres. on which he conducts dairying. Mr, Farquharson, who has been a Justice of the Peace since 1886. was a member of the Old Signal Hill road board, which subsequently was included within the borough of North East Velley; and was Mayor of the borough in 1885. He was for years a member of the North East Valley school committee and licensing committee, and an Honorary Ranger for the Acclimatisation Society for the province of Otago. As a Freemason he was initiated in Lodge St. Andrew, in 1881, and subsequently joined Lodge St. John Kilwin-ning. North East Valley. Mr. Farquharson filled all the positions in his lodge up to Senior Deacon, and was elected Right Worshipful Master in 1884. and re-elected in 1880, 1893 and 1895. He is a Past Master of the Kilwinning Otago Royal Arch Chapter. and has taken the seventeenth and eighteenth degrees. Mr. Farquharson was married in 1863, before leaving the Old Country, but his wife died in 1878. leaving a family of five sons and three daughters. All the daughters are married. One of the sons. Mr. William McGregor Farquharson. of the Otago Hussars, joined the second South African Contingent, and was orderly to Major Craw-shaw. At the present time (1904) he holds the Otago Hussar Belt, and in 1902–3 won the Hyams Trophy. While serving in the North Dunedin Rifles he won the Hallenstein Cup and the tyro match at Wanganui in 1839. Another son, Mr. Alex. Farquharson, now (1903–4) holds the medal as the champion amateur light weight for New Zealand.
. of “Abbotsroyd.” Green Island, is the third son of the late Mr. William Freeman, a farmer of Yorkshire. England. Mr. Freeman, senior, came to Dunedin, accompanied by his wife and a family of seven children, in the ship “Nour-mahal,” in 1858. He first lived at Kaikorai, and subsequently purchased land which forms a portion of Mr. James Freeman's present estate. Mr. W. Freeman died in 1877, aged sixty-five; Mrs Freeman surviving him until 1880. Mr. James Freeman, like all the successful pioneers, took the first employment that offered after his arrival in the young colony, and, on the breaking out of the gold diggings, he started for Gabriel's Gully, where he was fairly successful during the twelve months of his residence. He then returned to Abbotsroyd farm, where he worked for his father. Later on he worked with a contractor, but returned again to his father's farm in 1864. A large seam of coal was discovered by him on his father's property, and after various difficulties had been overcome, it was thoroughly opened up; and was worked successfully by Mr. Freeman from 1872 till 1891, when he retired, and gave the active management of the pit to his son. Mr. Freeman now carries on extensive farming operations at “Abbotsroyd.” He has never taken much part in local affairs, though for a short time he had a seat on the Kai-korai road board. He was one of the pioneers of the Otago Farmers' Co-operative Association. of which he was Managing Director for about two years, but resigned through ill-health. He has also taken much interest in church matters, and was church officer and treasurer at the Anglican Church, Green Island, for several years. Mr. Freeman married in 1869, and has two sons and one daughter.
, who is now farming at Hilton, South Canterbury, was born in the County of Donegal, Ireland, in 1843. He was brought up to farming and came out to Australia in 1862 in the ship “Greyhound,” which landed at Melbourne. After a stay of six months he came over to New Zealand, He remained twelve years in Otago. eight years of which he spent on the goldfields. On moving to Canterbury he settled at Pleasant Point, where he was engaged in contracting on the Levels estate for three years. Afterwards he bought a farm at Waitohi Flat, where he resided for twenty years,
The Hon. James Fulton, sometime of Ravenscliffe estate, and one of Otago's earliest settlers, was born at Futtehghur, India, in 1830, He was the third son of Major Robert Bell Fulton, of the Honourable East India Company's Royal Bengal Artillery, and was educated at Blackheath, England. Mr. Fulton came to New Zealand by the “Ajax” in 1849, and shortly afterwards settled at the Taieri, where he and his brother took up a large area of country as a sheep run. At that time there were no roads, but only a small fern track, along which all goods had to be carried on foot. After a time goods were carried on horseback, and then by means of a wooden sledge, drawn by bullocks, Later, the wooden sledge was superseded by an iron one, on which Mr, and Mrs Fulton made many a journey to Dunedin. During the mining rush to the Dunstan and the adjacent districts, in 1861, the Messrs Fulton suffered severe losses by the miners pulling up and burning the fences, and killing their sheep. In fact, the losses in that connection were so serious that it was decided to sell off all stock. Another episode of pioneer settlement experienced by Mr. Fulton was connected with bushranging. A creek close to the homestead came to be known as Garratt's creek, from the fact that the notorious bushranger Garratt stuck up some men beside it. When informed of the occurrence by the victims of Garratt's lawlessness, Mr. Fulton set off for Dunedin to give information, but Garratt succeeded in escaping to Australia. He was, however, subsequently arrested, tried, and sentenced to a long term of imprisonment in Dunedin gaol, Mr. Fulton was for many years Resident Magistrate in the Taieri and for some time in Dunedin and Port Chalmers. From 1879 to 1890 he represented Taiari in the House of Representatives, and was afterwards called to the Upper House. Mr. Fulton died at “Ravensoliffe,” West Taieri, on the 20th of November, 1891. Another article concerning Mr. Fulton appears on page 79 of this volume.
, sometime Registrar of the Supreme Court and Sheriff for Otago. was born in Ross-shire, Scotland, in 1830. When about ten years of age he went to Canada, with his parents, and settled at Kingston. In 1852 he left for Australia. in the ship “Torrent,” but returned to Canada in 1854, though he sailed again, the same year for Australia. Mr. Gordon followed the gold rush to New Zealand, in 1861; at first he went to Gabriel's Gully, but subsequently he worked on the banks of the Molyneux. In 1864 he entered the Supreme Court as a clerk, and was appointed deputy-registrar in 1870. In 1883 he succeeded Mr E. ff. Ward as Registrar, and he was also Registrar and Marshal of the Supreme Court in Admiralty jurisdiction. Mr. Gordon died at his residence, York Place. Dunedin. on the 24th of May, 1901, in his 72nd year.
, was born at Bristol, England, on the 3rd of June, 1815, about ten days before the Battle of Waterloo. His father, who was a captain in the Navy, brought him up to a seafaring life and apprenticed him on board a vessel sailing from London. He afterwards became a midshipman on H.M. brig “Snake,” and made his first acquaintance with the Colonies as one of the crew of a ship which brought prisoners to Van Dieman's Land. Mr. Haberfield landed in Otago in 1836, and was for a number of years engaged in whaling on the east coast of the South Island. During this period he had many curious and difficult experiences, which have been described in the Dunedin “Evening Star” of the 14th of February, 1891. In 1842 Mr. Haberfield settled at Port Moeraki. which he has since called his home. For very many years subsequently, however, he sailed in coasting vessels and suffered shipwreck on the “Rory O'More” at the Wairarapa beach, not far from the Wairarapa Lake. Mr. Haberfield lives on his freehold property of twenty-five acres known as “Clifton,” and is cared for in his declining years by his faithful partner Akari, a Maori woman, to whom he was married by the Rev. Mr. Creed in 1852.
was born in Bungay, Norfolk, England, in 1835, and at the age of fourteen became an apprentice on a schooner engaged in the Mediterranean fruit trade. After serving his time he joined the barque “Baretto Junior,” and arrived in Melbourne in 1853. He remained two years on the Australasian coast, and sailed for Otago in 1856 in the, whaler “Royal Sovereign,” comanded by the late Captain George Printz. Finding the New Zealand climate to his liking, and being a lover of nature's wild scenery, he decided to remain, and at once became actively engaged in the coastal trade, then in its infancy. He owned and commanded a number of coasting traders, among them being the well known “Spec” and “Norah.” In 1863, while in command of the “Norah.” Captain Hay-ward successfully conveyed a small sawmilling plant to Catlins river. This was the first time the port had been entered. The sawmill, which was the first in the district, was owned by the late Mr. James Brough and Mr. J. W. Thomson, M.H.R., and in a very short time Catlins was shipping more timber than any port in the South Island. Captain Hayward was appointed harbourmaster there, and held the position until the port was closed, when he resumed his profession. He was a strong advocate of fishing on a large scale, and supplying at a reasonable price, and accordingly bought the cutter “Bessie,” intending to fit her up as a trawler. and, if successful, to add other vessels to the trade. However, his career was cut short in the venture, as, owing to the rough and exposed nature of the coast, the cutter was wrecked at Lang Point Bight, within a month, and the captain, his son Frank, and Mr. William Wilson were drowned. Captain Hayward was fortunate in being soundly educated in boyhood, and his love of reading, and faculty of retaining what he read, always made him an agreeable and entertaining companion. Hayward's Point, north of Otago Harbour, was named after him.
, long well known as a pioneer colonist,
, who came out by the first trip of the “Maori,” was born in Genshiel, Kintail, Inverness-shire, Scotland, in 1824. The “Maori” first touched at
was a settler of the fifties, and came with his family in the ship “Mariner.” He bought land in the North East Valley, where he lived in a fern hut, thatched with manuka bark, and carried on farming on a small scale. He began clearing the bush, and using the logs for pig-proof fences, within which he planted potatoes. Whilst waiting for this crop to mature, Mr. Heenan and his family experienced a scarcity of food. During this period, they frequently received barracouta and native potatoes from the Maoris, and at other times, they subsisted on trapped pigeons, wild pork and snared wood-hens. Some years afterwards a Dunedin merchant offered Mr. Heenan 4000 for his land, but he refused the offer. As the family grew up they dispersed in various directions, and when her husband died, Mrs Heenan, senior, removed to George Street, Dunedin, where she herself passed away in a few years. Mr Heenan was a native of Burr, King's County, Ireland.
, of Cumberland Street, Dunedin, is the eldest son of the late Mr. Denis Heenan, who arrived in Dunedin in the early fifties, accompanied by five sons and six daughters, and died in 1874, after many years' residence in the North East Valley. “The subject of this article was born in King's County, Ireland. He was educated at the Templemoyle Agricultural Seminary, County Londonderry, and came to New Zealand by the ship “Mary,” in 1849. Shortly afterwards Mr. Heenan went to Wellington, where he was engaged in school teaching at the Lower Hutt till the gold discoveries, in 1853, attracted him to Victoria. He went to the Bendigo diggings where, after two years of successful operations, he began carrying from Melbourne to Castlemaine and Bendigo; a business which he conducted with great success for eight years. At the breaking out of the Otago gold rush, in 1861, Mr. Heenan returned to Dunedin, and after spending a short time on his farm in the North East Valley came into the city and built the British Hotel, at the corner of George and Hanover Streets. After two years he let the hotel to a tenant and returned to his farm in the valley, where he remained for eight years. For many years now he has resided in Cumberland Street, where he lives chiefly in retirement, though he also devotes time to the supervision of his several properties and interests. Mr. Heenan has never taken any part in public affairs, although he has been requested to stand for the representation of the district in Parliament, but declined. He married Miss Phillips, who arrived in Dunedin in 1863, and, of a family of six, two daughters and one son are alive.
, LL.D., F.R.S., Edin., long and honourably connected with education in the Old World and in New Zealand, was born in 1821 in Pentland, Midlothian, Scotland. He was educated at Edinburgh and succeeded in gaining the first prizes in all classes he attended at the Edinburgh School of Arts, now the Watt College, and at the conclusion of the prescribed course was awarded its diploma. In his eighteenth, year he became assistant master at the Burntisland grammar school, and after two years was appointed assistant master in the school at Lasswade, his native parish. He afterwards attended the Normal School and Edinburgh University, and was successively a master at the parish schools at Colinton, Cults, and Kirknewton; at the last school he remained nearly twelve years. In 1855, Mr. Hislop applied for and obtained an appointment as a teacher under the provincial government of Otago, and arrived in Port Chalmers on the 2nd of October, 1856, by the ship “Strathmore.” His first school in Otago was at East Taieri, where he remained four years and a half. In 1861 he was appointed secretary to the education board and inspector of schools in Otago, and performed the difficult and arduous duties of the dual office for a number of years. He had a large share in the establishment of the Boys' and Girls' High Schools, Teachers'Training School, School of Art, and the District High School. On the establishment of the Otago University, in 1869, Mr. Hislop became its first secretary and registrar, but retired in 1871. On the establishment of the Caversham Industrial School in 1869, the duty of organising and supervising it was entrusted to Mr. Hislop, in conjunction with the late Mr. St. John Branigan. For some years before he left Dunedin in 1878, to become the first Secretary of the newlyformed Education Department at Wellington, Mr. Hislop was a member of the committee of the Benevolent Institution. He also took much interest in the Caledonian Society's evening classes for youths. Among other offices filled by him, was that of Superintendent Census Enumerator for Otago under the Colonial Government. A record of the
services rendered to the public by Mr. Hislop would be incomplete without reference to the Education Bill, which was drafted by him and passed its second reading in the House of Representatives in 1871. The measure was subsequently dropped, and it was not till the session of 1877 that the Education Act, embodying the greater proportion of the clauses drafted by Mr.Hislop, came into force. Before entering on his duties at Wellington, in January, 1878, Mr. Hislop was presented in Dunedin with a massive silver vase and an address from 165 teachers who had served
alma mater-conferred upon him the honorary degree of LL.D. on the occasion of his visit to the Old Country. On returning to New Zealand, Dr. Hislop resumed his position in the Education Department, from which he retired in March, 1886. From that time he resided in Dunedin, rendering useful services in various public capacities, as member of the Hospital Board of Trustees, Otago Education Board, and Dunedin City Council. Dr. Hislop was chairman of the Otago Industrial School Board of Advice, visiting Justice of the Dunedin gaol, member of the commission for periodically read justing the parliamentary districts of the Colony, a director of the Mosgiel Woollen Factory Company, Ltd., and supervisor in Dunedin for examinations in matriculation at the University; but from these positions he retired owing to advancing years. Dr. Hislop had long been an elder of Knox church, and was a member of the Masonic Order, in which he held the position of Grand Master under the Scottish constitution. He was married in 1846 to Miss J. Horne, of Caithness-shire, and had four sons—Messrs Walter, John Alexander, Thomas William, and G. R. Hislop—all well known in the Colony, and one daughter, widow of the late Dr. Hugh Macdonald, of Lyttelton. [Dr. Hislop died at Dunedin on the 19th of May, 1904, after this article was in type.]
, who for nearly forty years conducted business as a. watchmaker and jeweller at 74 Princes Street, Dunedin, was a well known colonist. As a man of business he was a credit to his guild, and all the branches of his trade were carried on with enlightened intelligence. The appliances used by him were of the best design and material, and he employed specially qualified persons in connection with cleaning and repairing watches and the manufacture of all kinds of jewellery. It used to be said that Queen Victoria never accepted presents from private individuals. Nevertheless, on the 13th of August, 1886, Mr. Hislop forwarded to her Majesty a scent bottle and paper-knife, together with a letter begging their acceptance. The sequel to this was that, afterwards, Mr. Hislop kept on his shop counter an appropriately framed letter written by Her Majesty's command, and dated the 26th of September, 1886, acknowledging the receipt of Mr. Hislop's letter and thanking him for his very beautiful gifts, for which the Queen expressed great admiration. Mr. Hislop was born in Liverpool in 1832, and served his apprenticeship partly in Scotland and partly in England. He came of a Greenock family, and his uncle, Mr. John Hislop, was a publisher of that place. Mr. Hislop left the Old Country for Australia in 1851 and entered into business at Bendigo, where he continued for most of his time in the sister colony, until attracted by the Otago gold “rush” in 1862, when he settled in Dredin and established his business. He was for several years a member of the North East Valley borough council and also held a seat on the Otago harbour board. As a Freemason he was attached to Lodge Otago Kilwinning, S.C., and had taken the Royal Arch and Knight Templar degrees. Mr. Hislop was married in 1873, and had in all twelve children—six sons and six daughters. He died in his shop, suddenly, on the 19th of October, 1900.
, J.P., was born in New Shoram, Sussex, England, in 1832, and brought up in Devonshire. At an early age he went to sea and was for many years engaged on vessels trading in the colonial service, China and Japan. He first arrived in Tasmania, in 1862, in the steamship “Beautiful Star,” which brought out the second batch of salmon ova for the Tasmanian Government. After a period spent in trading around the Australian coast, in various sailing vessels, Captain Hodge came to New Zealand in 1864, in the steamer “Star of the South,” with a cargo of fat cattle consigned to Taranaki for the troops, but owing to bad weather on the northern coast the cargo was landed in Dunedin. Then, after “sculling” around for many years in the colonial, intercolonial and foreign trade, he bought the barque “Elizabeth Graham,” and for many years successfully traded between Australia and China, subsequently making two trips to Europe in that vessel. In 1892 he retired, and now resides at his beautiful home in Port Chalmers, overlooking the bay. Captain Hodge was appointed a Justice of the Peace on the 27th of March, 1902. He was married, in 1859, to Miss Alice Davies, of St. Ives, Cornwall, England. His wife died in October, 1902, leaving a grown up family of four sons.
, who is a colonist of forty-six years' standing, was born in Edinburgh in 1852, and arrived with his parents at Port Chalmers in the ship “Gloucoster”.
was born in Forfarshire, Scotland, and came out to New Zealand in 1862. Soon after his arrival in Dunedin he started a business as general merchant, and continued it until 1897, when he wound up his business and established himself as a timber merchant, a business he had been formerly connected with in the Old Country. Mr. Hogg died in 1903. leaving a widow and two sons and one daughter. The daughter is Mrs S. K. Sleigh, wife of the general traffic manager of the Union Steamship Company. The elder son is Dr. R. H. Hogg, of Invercargill. whilst the younger, Mr. Alfred M. Hogg, is the Managing Director of Messrs Hogg and Co., Ltd.
was born in Perth, Scotland, on the 20th of January, 1811, was educated at Kinross, and learnt his father's trade—that of a baker—as well as that of a maltster and brewer. He emigrated to New York in 1845, but owing to the ill-health of his wife returned to Scotland, where he remained until sailing for Port Chalmers, by the ship “Sir Edward Paget,” in 1856. Mr. Kilgour commenced business in Dunedin as a baker and confectioner and claimed to be one of the first to manufacture lollies and malt in that city. In 1863 he started farming and baking at the Peninsula, where he remained until 1875. when he settled in Balclutha and commenced business under the style of Alexander Kilgour and Son. In consequence of receiving two strokes of partial paralysis in 1807, he relinquished the more active work of the business, the management of which was undertaken by his youngest son, Mr. Andrew Kilgour. He died on the 26th of June, 1899.
, Of “Townend,” Green Island, near Dunedin, was born in Ayrshire, Scotland, and came to New Zealand in 1852 by the ship “Maori,” which also brought his father, mother, brother, and two sisters to Dunedin. His father, Mr. William Kirkland, had, before leaving Scotland, bought land at Green Island, and lived on his pro
, Justice of the Peace, and at one time prominent as a politician in Otago, was born near Edinburgh, Scotland, in 1817, and was brought up to mercantile life. In 1850 he arrived at Port Chalmers by the ship “Eden.” He entered the service of the Provincial Government as a draughtsman, and was afterwards promoted to the position of Provincial engineer and architect for Otago. Mr. Langlands bought a considerable block of land in Dec Street. Invercargill, and improved his property by the erection of good and substantial buildings; the property is still known as Langlands block. Mr. Langlands was married, in 1835, to a daughter of the late Mr. John Leggie, of Fifeshire, Scotland. He died in 1883. Two daughters still survive him.
, Old Colonist, of Birkenshaw, Milton, is now (1904), the oldest resident of the Tokomairiro district, he having settled there in March, 1853. He was born on the 1st of January, 1826, in Glasgow, educated at Birkenshaw, in the parish of Bothwell, and afterwards worked with hisuncle, Mr. Alexander Lindsay, farmer, of that place. In 1852 he emigrated to New Zealand by the ship “Royal Albert.” After his arrival at Port Chalmers, he purchased a fifty-acre section in the Tokomairiro district, from Captain E. F. Bellairs, who had originally bought it in Edinburgh from the New Zealand Company: the property now consists of 266 acres of freehold. Mr. Lindsay has taken a very active and prominent part as a pioneer settler in every movement pertaining to the general welfare and advancement of the district, and has occupied and is still filling several public appointments.
, who came to Otago by the “Philip Laing,” was born in Clackmannanshire, Scotland, in 1801. His father was a sheepfarmer. His eldest brother, who lived to be ninety-four years of age, served as a soldior in the 42nd Highlanders, under the Duke of Wellington during the Peninsula war, and helped to carry the wounded Sir John Moore to the rear during the memorable retreat which that fine military genius had planned at Corunna. Another brother (who was an officer in the same regiment) died of fever on the same historic occasion. He also had two more brothers, one a sea-captain, who attained ninety years, and the other was in the navy. Before leaving for New Zealand, Mr. Francis McDiarmid was a tenant of Mr. Henry Home Drummond. Prior to coming out to the Colony he bought three sections from the New Zealand Land Company, with the right of selection, and shortly after reaching Dunedin, he sold them for £50 apiece, but six months afterwards they again changed hands for £2500. Mr. McDiarmid went to settle at the “Poplars,” at Woodside, where he and Mr. Lee were for some time the only settlers. He married Miss Janet Milne, a fellow passenger and a sister-in-law of Mr. James Adams, of Bon Accord, Tokomairiro. Their first habitation was an open hut, which mosquitoes and Maori hens shared with them on the most advanced principles of promiscuous communism. They afterwards built a wattle and daub hut, in which they resided until they entered into the present homestead house of brick and stone. The bricks were made on the ground, and the timber and stone were carted from Dunedin and Port Chalmers. On one occasion in the early days food ran out, when Mr. and Mrs McDiarmid walked waist deep through water and slush to the Maori kaike, where they were hospitably received by the chief, Taiaroa, who supplied them with mutton birds. Mr. McDiarmid always walked to Dunedin, twenty-two miles, for supplies, which he carried home on his back. He often did the trip in one day, and was occasionally accompanied by his wife, who carriea her child with her. The Rev. Dr. Burns, who baptized the eldest child, walked out from Dunedin to perform the ceremony, and the remainder of the family were christened by the Rev. Mr. Will and the late Rev. Mr. Urie, of West Taieri. There were no roads in those days, but only a track through flax, scrub and bush, so dense even round the homestead, that Mr. Robert Fulton, when paying a friendly visit, lost his way, although his own place was only a quarter of a mile distant. For some time Mrs McDiarmid and another were the only women in the district; and as a matter of pure human kindliness, often at the risk of her own life, Mrs McDiarmid travelled through swamp and rough country, ankle doop in mud or snow, to attend the sick. In order to promote settlement, Mr. McDiarmid cut up parts of his land for sale in small holdings and named the place “Woodside.” Originally the estate consisted of about 500 acres, and it was long since brought into a thorough state of cultivation by Mr. McDiarmid and his family. Mr. McDiarmid was for many years Crown Ranger for the district. He died in 1897, aged ninety-six, and left a family of three sons and five daughters; namely, Messrs Angus, Francis, and Gilbert McDiarmid, and Mrs. W. Cuthbert, Mrs T. A. White, Mrs P. Chisholm, Miss and Miss M. McDiarmid. Mrs W. Cuthbert and Mrs T. A. White reside at Outram; Mrs P. Chisholm in Dunedin; the sons and Miss and Miss M. McDiarmid, at Woodside.
, sometime Member of the House of Representatives for Mataura, and owner of Glenkenick, Pomahaka, was born in Ross-shire, Scotland. When sixteen years of age he sailed for Bombay, India, as a cadet in the Honourable East India Company's service. He
, a pioneer whose name was intimately connected with the colonial success of the well known firm of Messrs Briscoe and Co., hardware merchants, was born at Glasgow, Scotland, in 1832. He acquired his first business experience with the firm of Messrs P. and W. MacClelland, of Glasgow. At the age of twenty-nine he went to Melbourne, Victoria, accompanied by his wife and two sons, under an engagement to take the management there of the business of Messrs Briscoe and Co. Three years later, as a partner in the firm, he came to Dunedin, to start the business in New Zealand. He opened a warehouse in Dunedin as the firm's New Zealand headquarters, and subsequently opened branches in Auckland. Wellington, and Invercargill. Under his able management the firm prospered materially, and became one of the leading mercantile houses in the colony. After spending a great portion of an active life in building up an immense business, Mr. MacNeil retired some years before his death, which took place in August, 1900, at the age of sixty-seven. He left a widow, three sons and three daughters. Mr. MacNeil never took any part in public auairs, as his time was fully occupied in business. His two eldest sons, partners in the firm, are managers, respectively, of the Melbourne and Sydney warehouses, and his third son is owner of a large sheep station in New South Wales.
, the first Mayor and the first settler of Balclutha, went there in 1854 to take charge of his father's cattle farm, and resided alone for six months. He is the sixth son of the late Mr. James McNeil, and was born in the parish of Bonn Hill, Dumbartonshire, Scotland, in 1835. On the 16th of September, 1849, he sailed with his parents from Greenock, in the ship “Mooltan,” and arrived at the Otago Heads on Christmas Eve. On arrival, Mr. McNeil, senior, purchased a section of land between Dunedin and Port Chalmers, and it was cleared and sown down in wheat by himself and his family. In 1853 he sold the land to the late Mr. James Macandrew, and purchased a small cattle run on the south side of the Clutha, stocked it with cattle, and placed it under the charge of his son. That part of Otago was even then famous for its grazing qualities, and cows were sold at from £15 to £20 per head. About 1856, Mr. John McNeil bought 400 acres of land, which he cultivated until 1898, when he leased it to tenants. When Clutha was constituted a borough, Mr. McNeil was elected mayor, and filled the position for about eight consecutive years. He was also the first chairman of the Clutha County Council, and represented Clutha electorate in the Otago Provincial Council. He is still chairman of the Clutha River Board, and a member of the Clutha County and the Balclutha Borough Councils. Mr. McNeil was at one time Right Worshipful Master of Lodge Clutha, S.C., and is now honorary member of the same Lodge, under the New Zealand Constitution. He has been twice married. His first wife, who died in 1874, was a daughter of Mr. Peter Ayson, one of the pioneer settlers of Warepa, and by her he had four sons and five daughters. In 1878 he contracted a second marriage with a daughter of the late Mr. George Bannerman, of Edinburgh.
, who arrived in Dunedin in 1882, is the third son of the late Rev. James Mirams, who died in Melbourne in 1886. He was born at Sheerness, Kent, England, in August, 1837, was educated at private schools in Blackheath and Twickenham, and was subsequently employed in the offices of a well known firm of architects in London. At the age of twenty he sailed for Melbourne, and on arriving there entered the employment of Messrs Purchas and Swyer, architects and engineers, with whom he remained for several years. In 1862 Mr. Mirams came to Dunedin to take up his duties as assistant engineer under the Provincial Government of Otago. Two years later he retired from the government service. and shortly afterwards commenced private practice as an architect and engineer. This he conducted till 1866, when he was appointed surveyor for the city of Dunedin—a position which he held till July 1901. In November, 1901, he was appointed secretary to the newly constituted Dunedin Drainage and Sewerage Board, but retired owing to ill health in July, 1903.
was born in Saline, Fifeshire, Scotland, in 1837. Educated at the Campbelltown Grammar School, Argyleshire, Scotland, and at Glasgow, he entered mercantile life in the office of a large firm of ship owners—engaged in the East and West Indian trade—whose headquarters were at Greenock. After seven years' service, Mr. Moodle left for New Zealand in the ship “Jura” on the 1st of June, 1858, arriving at Port Chalmers on the 23rd
, sometime proprietor of the Woodside Estate, Inchclutha, was not only one of the pioneer settlers of Otago, hut amongst the first to purchase and cultivate land in the Inchclutha district. Mr. Mosley was the son of Mr. Mosley, silk lace manufacturer, Nottingham, England. His father met his death through an accident, and died intestate. Young Mosley was thus thrown upon his own resources at an early age. He, however, married Mary, daughter of the Rev. John Housley, Wesleyan minister, Derbyshire, and he and his young wife emigrated to the United States of America, where they remained one year, and where their eldest daughter was born. They then returned to England, whence they afterwards emigrated with their three daughters in the ship “John Wickliffe.” Mr. Mosley settled down at the Half Way Bush. About four years later he purchased land at Port Molyneux and Inchclutha, and moved thither with his family of six children. Travelling at that time was so difficult that Mr. Mosley and family at first attempted to reach Port Molyneux on board the schooner “Endeavour.” But that proved a failure, for after a fortnight's sailing round, the captain was afraid to land, and returned to Dunedin. Then the family decided to make the journey overland, leaving the furniture and provisions on board the “Endeavour,” and there she kept them eight months before landing, and had it not been for the kindness of the Maoris at Port Molyneux the family would have starved. The journey overland was completed in three days, a bullock and sledge being the only means of conveyance, and a tent at night the only possible shelter. The family stayed only three years at Port Molyneux, whence they removed to Inchclutha to the rich estate of “Woodside,” which is still occupied by the sons and one daughter. It should be mentioned that the “John Wickliffe,” by which Mr. Mosley and his family came to Otago, brought out the Presbyterian Special Settlers, who were accompanied by Captain Cargill, the founder of Otago. Shortly after this the Presbyterian settlers petitioned the British Government, through their representative. Mr. John McGlashan, then residing in Great Britain, that one-tenth of the land in Otago and Southland, should be set aside as a perpetual endowment for their church, and that that portion of the Colony should be set apart for settlement by adherents of their own Church. Mr. Mosley and several others then took an active part in presenting a counter-petition to the Governor of New Zealand, Sir George Grey, praying that all lands throughout New Zealand should be open for free selection, without reference to any creed or section of any Christian Church. This petition was sent Home to the English Government, with the result that the prayer of the supporters of the Presbyterian Church was not granted. There was then a great deal of feeling against the party dubbod the “Little Enemy,” and Mr. Mosley suffered, not only then, but afterwards, from ill-will, which was kept up against him by a section of the Presbyterian Church during his life. While he was at Half Way Bush Mr. Mosley cultivated his land by the primitive method of the spade, and eventually sold it and some sections which he had at Port Chalmers, to the late Mr. William Hepburn. It was then that he left for Port Molyneux, whence he subsequently removed to Inchclutha, where, assisted by the members of his family, he commenced to form a permanent home; an uphill task in those days of early colonization. The land had first to be dug with the spade, then broken up by a single-furrow iron plough, drawn by bullocks, as horses were not used till about 1862. The property was very difficult to cultivate, as it was covered with bush, stumps, logs, cabbage trees, flax and tutu. Some of the neighbouring Maoris caused Mr. Mosley considerable trouble, though the majority were exceedingly hospitable and kind to him, in consequence of his straight forward and manly dealings with them. Mr. Mosley was for four years a member of the Otago Provincial Council, and was chairman of the local road board. He introduced the first drainage scheme for Inchclutha. Though the first Mrs Mosley was a Wesleyan, Mr. Mosley himself was for years a member of the Church of England. He was very intimate with Bishop Selwyn, the first Anglican Bishop of New Zealand, who christened his eldest son. Later in life Mr. Mosley belonged to the body known as Christadelphians. He was twice married, and by his first wife, who died at “Wood-side,” Inchclutha, he had a family of three sons and eight daughters, ten of whom still survive their parents. His second wife was Adelaide, daughter of Mr. George Jones, of Croydon, Surrey, England, and of this second union, there were three sons and two daughters. Mr. Mosley died on the 23rd of October, 1889, at the age of seventy-three years, deeply regretted by his family and a host of friends, who mourned the death of so worthy a colonist.
was born on the 10th of November, 1830, in the Shetland Islands, where he was educated at the local parish and high schools. In 1852 he came out to Victoria, where he followed gold mining till 1861, when he crossed the Tasman Sea and settled in Otago. During his first four years in New Zealand he was engaged in mining at Gabriel's Gully. Mr. Mouat entered political life, as a member of the Otago Provincial Council for the goldfields, in 1864, and during Mr. Julius Vogel's administration in 1866, became provincial secretary and secretary for public works. He resigned in 1867 to become barrister's pupil to the late Mr. B. C. Haggitt, and, after serving three years, was admitted a barrister and solicitor of the Supreme Court. He practised his profession at Lawrence, and afterwards removed to Dunedin. In 1893 he took his eldest son, the late Mr. C. M. Mouat, into partnership with him. Mr. Mouat was a Freemason, an Oddfellow, and a Druid of long standing. In 1857 he married a daughter of Mr. Macnamara, of Melbourne, and at his death, on the 1st of July, 1902, left a surviving family of three sons.
, Old Colonist, who was the first European to settle in the Tuapeka district (and after whom Munro's Gully and Munro's Hill are named), was born in 1835, in Sutherlandshire, Scotland, where he was a shepherd. He came to New Zealand in 1856, by the ship “Strathmore,” landed at Port Chalmers, and he and Mr. John Sutherland (now of Waitahuna) were engaged by the late Mr. James Macandrew at the rate of 10s per diem. Munro afterwards served as a shepherd with Messrs Smith and Allan for seven years. Whilst in their employment he met Gabriel Read, who was out prospecting, and who remained his guest for three days in 1861. Mr. Munro accompanied him to the Tuapeka basin, where, pointing to the gully which bears his name, Read said: “If gold is to be got, I will find it there.” When driving fat sheep to Tokomairiro Mr. Munro came across Read, who called out and showed what he had obtained for a day's work, namely, gold valued at £40. On arriving at Tokomairiro, Mr. Munro found a crowd around Goodall's talking about gold, and informed them what he had seen with Read. He suggosted
(better known as Black Peter), to whom must be given the honour of being the first to discover gold in Tuapeka, was an East Indian, and came from Bombay. In March, 1857, he went to the district under engagement to Messrs Davy and Bowler. His mining experience was limited to cradle work in California, and the nature of wash dirt in which gold was usually found; but of practical mining he know nothing. Whilst on one of his sledging excursions with food to other shepherds, he crossed the Tuapeka stream as usual by driving the bullocks through and crossing by stepping stones himself. This was done at Hopkin's Crossing, near which now stands the Evan's Flat mill. As he was taking a pannikin of water from the creek to slake his thirst, the thought struck him to try for gold by scooping up some silt with that utensil, and he was rewarded with a rough speck of gold. On other occasions he found other prospects, and these resulted in Mr. John Thomson, who was afterwards manager of the “Nil Desperandum” and “Victory” mines at Waipori, setting out with Peter for the locality of his discovery. There they remained for about three months, and obtained only a few ounces of gold. Mr. Thomson was afterwards the pioneer in opening up the Kaitangata coal mine, and Black Peter himself returned to his old employment for some time, and then went to live at the Clutha, where he died in 1893. His discovery did not enrich himself, but it was instrumental in leading to great results through the medium of Gabriel Read's more stimulating experiences. In 1861, Peter, through Mr. John Foster, of Kaihiku Falls, laid his claim before the Provincial Government, for the reward offered for the discovery of the goldfield, but the application was refused, and it was not till 1885 that any public recognition of his services was made. Then £50 was placed in the Appropriation Act by the Government for his benefit; conditionally on the public raising a like amount. The public did not resent this niggardly stipulation, and raised the necessary sum. This small sum was judiciously invested, and in that way “Black Peter,” in his declining years, was freed from absolute want.
, Of Mornington, is a son of the late Mr. Peter Peterson, a leading lawyer who practised in Edinburgh and Glasgow, and came to Otago in 1849, by the ship “Kelso,” with a speculative shipment of goods, which proved unsuccessful. In December of the same year his wife and family of two sons and five daughters joined him in Dunedin, where they arrived by the ship “Mooltan. In 1851 Mr. Peterson left his family in Dunedin, and proceeded to Sydney, where, for about nine years, he followed his profession; then he returned to Dunedin, and about 1863 went to Lower Waipori (now called Berwick), where he was associated with his family in farming pursuits until 1874, when he went to Hawera in the North Island, with his eldest son, Peter, with whom he remained until his death in 1878. Mrs Peterson survived him until 1887. Mr. E. L. Peterson was born in Glasgow, Scotland, and arrived in Otago with his mother and other members of the family, by the “Mooltan,” in December, 1849. He was educated at Dunedin, and went through the ordinary experience of hard work like other early colonists. Mr. Peterson was engaged in farming at Anderson's Bay and subsequently at Lower Waipori, where he remained until 1871, when he with his mother and some other members of the family, returned to Dunedin. Later on Mr. Peterson engaged in contracting, but on the death of his mother, in 1887, he rejoined his sisters in Dunedin. He has never taken any active part in public affairs, and is unmarried, and a member of the Otago Early Settlers' Association. He has four sisters still living; namely, Miss Janet Peterson, who resides with him, Mrs Grey, and Mrs Cross, residing at Mornington, and Mrs Walters, at Lower Waipori. Mr. Peterson's elder brother, Peter, is now (1904) engaged in farming with his family in Queensland.
, fourth son of Mr. James Pillans, of Myres Castle, Fife, Scotland, was born on the 1st of January, 1810. He arrived at Port Chalmers in the ship “Mooltan,” on Christmas Day, 1849, and settled soon afterwards on Inchclutha, where he was, with the exception of the late Mr. Redpath, the earliest European resident. Mr. Pillans was a Justice of the Peace, and for some time a member of the Legislative Council of New Zealand, to which he was called in 1873, during the ministry of Sir Julius Vogel. He was owner of the Manuka Island estate, in the Hillend district, and died at Inchclutha, on the 12th of December, 1889, unmarried.
, who had the honour of being the discoverer of the first payable goldfield in Otago, came to New Zealand in 1856 from Tasmania. He was attracted by the newspaper reports concerning the discoveries at the Lindis, and in due course he came to Dunedin in the “Pride of the Yarra.” Whilst he was working at Tokomairiro news of Black Peter's finds reached him, and he sot out for the district, carrying with him a letter of introduction to Mr. Peter Robertson, one of the pioneer settlers of Tuapeka. At Mr. Robertson's he received somewhat discouraging accounts, but, guided and directed by one of Mr. Robertson's sons. he went in quest of gold-bearing country, and in a day or two made his memorable discovery in the gully which now bears his name. The previous finds of Black Peter, and the hospitality and friendly suggestions of Mr. Peter Robertson's family, and of Mr. George Munro, were all factors in his success, but his own knowledge concerning gold and his indomitable persverance were the prime elements. His discovery led to the famous “rush.” Read worked out part of his claim, and then went with Mr. James Robertson and others to prospect at Waipori and Waitahuna, and had he not been laid up by sickness, which necessitated his return for medical assistance, he would have been in the Dunstan district before Messrs Hartley and Riley made their
, J.P., was born and educated in Banffshire, Scotland. He was brought up as a baker, but since his arrival in the colonies he has filled many callings. Mr. Reid arrived in Victoria in 1855, and was at Castlemaine, Momih, Blackwood, and afterwards in New South Wales. He came to Otago in 1862, and was at the Woolshed, Glenore, the Dunstan, Naseby, and St. Bathans, and at Greenstone and Westport, on the West Coast. Finally he settled in Hawksbury about thirty-five years ago, and was mayor of the borough for eleven years. On taking office the borough was over £200 in debt, and on his retirement there was no debt, but a balance in hand, though the new Council buildings had been erected and were paid for Mr. Reid married Margaret Ada, daughter of Mr. C. A. Morrison, of Aberdeen, a stone engraver, and has two daughters. He now (1904), resides in Dunedin.
, M.R.C.S.E., came to Otago in the ship “Dominion” in 1851. In 1854 he took up Oaklands station, Mataura, but eventually returned to Dunedin, where he died in 1881. Dr. Richardson was a man of many parts and a model pioneer. He brought with him from England plants and seeds of all descriptions, which he planted and cultivated in a garden situated on the west side of Princes Street, opposite to where the National Bank now stands, and distributed them throughout the province. Oaks grown from the acorns he brought from Gloucestershire are still in existence. He also brought out with him an organ, stained glass windows, communion plate, a font, the old doors of Westminster school, etc., to equip an English church, towards which he had secured subscriptions in England in 1850. Dr. Richardson never took any part in public affairs, but was known as a linguist, a scientist and a man of wide professional and educational attainments. His eldest son is the Hon. G. F. Richardson, at one time Minister for Lands in the Atkinson Government. The second son, Mallcot, still farms part of Oaklands estate, and the youngest son, James, is a well known insurance manager in Dunedin.
, Old Colonist, with whose name is associated the early days of goldmining in Tuapeka (and at whose house miners and travellers received hospitable and friendly welcome and accommodation) was born at Menstrie, Clackmannanshire, Scotland, in 1817. In 1858 he came with his family by the “Robert Henderson” to Port Chalmers, and went on to Dunedin, with the intention of starting a store; but as the population was small he began to make a home for himself. His first work was a contract for the supply of road metal to the Provincial Government. When he offered a share of the work to his fellow immigrants, one who had happened to be a tailor in the Old Country, contemptuously asked, “Do you think I have come 16,000 miles to break stones?” Three weeks afterwards Mr. Robertson left for Tuapoka to become a shepherd on Mr. Cargill's sheep station. A record of the journey shows what difficulties the early settlers had to contend with. On the first day Cullen's accommodation house at the Taieri was reached; then, two days afterwards, the Taieri Ferry, where the river was found to be in flood, and the party had to cross in canoes to the accommodation house on the opposite side. They were then weather-bound for another two days, and until all the goods could be boated to the head of the lake. From the Taieri Ferry to Tokomairiro the journey was made in a small dray drawn by two bullocks, and ridges had to be followed and gullies avoided. After Tokomairiro come Meadowbank, and then Roxburgh home station, owned by Mr. Walter Miller; and there a stay of six weeks had to be made until bullocks could be broken in to take them on to their destination. Then the journey was continued by way of the leading ridges, and Mr. Cargill's station at the head of what is now known as Clarke's Flat was at last reached, after the party had gone through the experience of being stuck in the middle of the Waitahuna river, and also in the creek near Livingstones. After undergoing all the hardships incidental to this last experience, Mrs. Robertson, carrying a child in her arms, walked wearily on for some miles till in sight of their new home, when she gave way from sheer exhaustion. When Messrs. Murray and Musgrave bought out Mr. Cargill Mr. Robertson remained in their employment about a year, but then built a house for himself at Lawrence, on three acres of Government land, for which he afterwards had to pay £50 an acre. The timber for his house was sawn by hand at 2s per foot, and the haulage cost £5 per diem. Thus the first wooden building in Lawrence was erected; and it is still standing. Mr. Robertson leased 7000 acres of land, and began dairying. He milked forty cows, and milk was then sold at 1s per quart. He also engaged in horse dealing on a large scale, buying shipments as they landed in Dunedin, and carried on wholesale slaughtering to supply retail butchers. When land could be purchased, Mr. Robertson secured about 4000 acres, on which he resided till his death, which occurred in 1895, when he was seventy-nine years of age, Mrs. Robertson lived in the old house till the 11th of April, 1902, when she died, aged eighty - one. Mr. Robertson took great interest in local and political matters, and left a family of three daughters and four sons. The eldest son, Mr. James Robertson, lives in the old home at Lawrence.
, sometime Writer to the Signet, Edinburgh, Scotland, and afterwards a New Zealand colonist, settled in Otago, was born in Fifeshire, Scotland, in 1802, at Western Luscor, a country seat of the family. He was the second son of Adam Rolland, (a Privy Councillor for Scotland), of Gask, an estate which came into the family during the sixteenth century. Mr. James Rolland's eldest brother, Adam Rolland, of Gask, was one of the few large landed proprietors, who underwent social ostracism by
is a colonist of forty years' standing. She was born in Queen's County, Ireland, in 1843, and, at the age of twenty, sailed, in company with her brother for Dunedin, where she subsequently taught in the Catholic school for several years. In 1871 she was married to Mr. Denis Markham, and lived in Auckland. Eleven years later her husband died, and she returned to Dunedin, where, in 1883, she married Mr. Robert Rossbotham, by whom she had two sons. Mr. Rossbotham died in 1901, and is noticed as an ex-councillor of the city of Dunedin.
, J.P., was born in Kinross-shire, Scotland, and came out to New Zealand in 1864. He settled in Dunedin, and became chairman of the old Caversham road board, and was afterwards first mayor of the borough. Mr. Rutherford was also chairman of the first Ocean Beach Domain Board, and for many years was a member of the Otago Harbour Board. He served on the Caversham school committee for the first time in 1879, and was for many years its chairman.
was born in the South of Ireland, but at an early age moved with his parents to England, where he was brought up. He arrived in Melbourne in 1857 by the ship “Negotiator,” and four years later sailed for Dunedin, in the steamship “Oscar.” After a short time spent in carrying, Mr. Scanlan built the Shamrock and Thistle Hotel, in Great King Street, which he conducted for twenty years. He was one of the two first members of Court Pride of Dunedin, Ancient Order of Foresters. Mr. Scanlan has also been connected with the Volunteer Fire Brigade (disbanded in 1875), the Dunedin Jockey Club, and the Dunedin Coursing Club. He was married, in 1860, to a daughter of Mr. William Cowan, Melbourne, and has a surviving family of three sons and five daughters. Mrs Scanlan died on the 26th of March, 1904.
Is the fourth son of the late Mr. Charles Smaill, of Tomahawk, who arrived by the ship “Strathallan,” in 1858, accompanied by Mrs Smaill, five sons and three daughters. He was born at Corstorphine, Edinburgh, Scotland, and at the age of nine came with his father to New Zealand. Like the sons of other pioneers, he began hard work at an early age, and was engaged with his brother in cutting bush on the property their father had bought at Tomahawk: he also helped to build the house into which the family moved in 1860. The walls were made of ferntree, and the roof covered with manuka scrub and raupo. This primitive residence was neat and comfortable, but has long since been replaced by a handsome two-storey stone dwelling, standing in extensive ornamental grounds. Mr. Smaill has carried on dairy farming for years, and has largely extended the area of the original property bought by his father. He has always taken a leading part in the affairs of his district, and has been a member of the Tomahawk Road Board for fourteen years, and its chairman for nearly the whole of that period. In respect to local drainage, Mr. Smaill has been a most determined opponent of what is known as the Bird Island scheme. He is a member of the Agricultural and Pastoral Society and of the Dairymen's Association. As a volunteer, Mr. Smaill served for six years in the Naval Brigade and five years in the Otago Hussars. He successfully manufactures a superior hematite paint discovered
, Of the Conical Hills and Puketoi Stations, left Scotland when he was quite a young man in company with his late brother, Alexander, on the 8th of July, 1857, and sailed from Liverpool on the 12th of July, en route for New Zealand, via Melbourne, in the Royal Mail Steamship “Emu,” making the voyage in fifty-eight days—a very good passage at that time. After a short stay in Melbourne the brothers sailed in the brig “Thomas and Henry” for Port Chalmers; Captain Thomson, now of Port Chalmers, in command. The voyage was a fine one, taking fourteen days. The Shennans landed at Dunedin on the 3rd of October, 1857. There were no large ships in the harbour, only a few small coasters. Passengers had to go up the harbour in a boat, as the Upper Harbour was too shallow to take a ship of any tonnage. The Dunedin harbour was very pretty at that time, as the hills on each side were covered with bush to the water's edge. Dunedin was only a village, with only a house here and there on the ridges. There were no streets but only bullock dray tracks, and a large portion of the town was still covered with native timber. The Shennans left home with the intention of starting sheepfarming in New Zealand, so after a short residence in the country they went on an exploring expedition with the object of selecting a sheep run. They explored a large portion of the country now known as the Otago Central district, and took up runs in the valley of the Manukerikia, and named the stations Galloway and Moutere; Galloway after their native county in Scotland. The Shennans were the first white men to explore that part of the country. No bush was found, only scrub on the river banks in places. Game was plentiful in the form of wild duck and quail, and wild pigs numerous. The stations were formed and stocked with sheep in April, 1858. As no timber could be found suitable for building a house or sheep yards, the nearest timber being 120 miles away, the work of forming a station was very difficult and expensive. The nearest neighbours at that time were 100 miles away, so no assistance could be got from them. Everything had to be packed on horse back or on bullock sledges, and wool and stores had to be taken on sledges for 120 miles, the roads being very difficult. There were no roads, in fact, and the pioneers had just to travel over the ridges where a way could be found. But the country was nearly all taken up by sheepfarmers in 1858–59, and after that time the roads were made passable for bullock drays. The Shennans had a very hard rough time of it for some years, and were just getting comfortably settled when the gold diggings were found on the Upper Molyneux river. So the home of the squatter was invaded, and the quiet retired life in the wilderness vanished like a dream of the night. The country on the banks of the Molyneux, where no one but a shepherd with his dogs was ever seen, was changed within a few weeks from the quiet of a wilderness into a scene of the greatest excitement; and thousands of people looking for gold, townships springing up like mushrooms, stores, hotels, banks, theatres, etc., etc., appeared as in a transformation scene. With the view of improring the breed of sheep in the colony the Messrs Shennan imported high class Merino sheep from Germany and longwool sheep from Scotland in the years 1859 and 1861, and were the first direct importers of stud sheep to Otago. Mr. Alexander Shennan went to the Old Country in 1862 and died at Edinburgh in 1863. The rough life he had lived in New Zealand while there had brought on rheumatic fever which caused his death, and so ended a short industrious life. Mr. Watson Shennan bought the Puketoi run in the year 1868 and the Conical Hills estate in 1878.
, Of “Lochend,' Tomahawk, is the eldest son of the late Mr. William Stewart, of Lillybank, one of the first settlers to take up land in the Tomahawk district. Mr Stewart, senior, arrived in Dunedin by the ship “Silistria,” in 1861, accompanied by his wife, two sons, and six daughters; at the same time he brought with him a large quantity of farm implements. He died in 1872, at the age of fifty-five. Mr. William Stewart, the younger, was born in Renfrewshire, Scotland, and was thirteen years old when he came to New Zealand with his parents in the “Silistria.” After working hard for years in clearing bush and improving the family property, he succeeded to the farm on the death of his father. The farm has an area of 120 acres, and is now leased to and carried on by Mr Stewart's two sons. Since 1898 Mr. Stewart has resided at “Lochend,” a fine property, and the first selection in the district; it was selected by his father-in-law, the late Mr. William Sanderson. Mr. Stewart was chairman of the Tomahawk Road Board for two years, and for several years a member of the school committee, and a volunteer in the Otago Hussars. He married Miss Sanderson, daughter of the late Mr. William Sanderson, of “Lochend,” one of the early pioneers, and there is a family of two sons and four daughters.
, “Corstorphine,” Caversham, was born in March, 1823, in Edinburgh, Scotland, where he was educated and brought up to the business of his father, who was a builder and contractor. Until he was twenty years of age he worked with his father in Edinburgh. Subsequently he went to London, where he was joined by his father in partnership, and the firm entered into business as speculative builders. After selling a few of their properties satisfactorily, a period of depression arose, in consequence of which Mr. Sidey, senior, returned to Edinburgh, and Mr. John Sidey joined the Association which had undertaken the colonisation of Otago. He purchased with his passage to New Zealand fifty acres of rural land, ten acres of suburban, and a town section of one quarter of an acre. Mr. Sidey arrived at Port Chalmers by the ship “Blundell,” in 1848, and settled on his ten-acre section, which was situated about half way between Port Chalmers and Dunedin. After a time, believing there was a prospect of successful business as a storekeeper, he sent to England for a shipment of goods, and opened a store on his town section, where now stands the Grand Hotel. This business was carried on till 1857, when, having two years previously purchased land at Corstorphine, he settled on the property on which he has now resided for upwards of forty years. Mr. Sidey has brought his land into a thorough state of cultivation, and has a very fine residence, which is surrounded by most beautiful lawns and ornamental grounds, together with vineries, orchards, and every desirable accessory. The site now occupied by the Grand Hotel was leased on more than one occasion, the interest in the building having been eventually purchased by Mr Sidey. In the early days Mr. Sidey was a member of the Caversham and Green Island Road Boards. With Mr. Macandrew and others, he was interested in the erection of the old Mechanics' Institute, which was built and successfully conducted for some time in the early days. Mr. Sidey was married in Dunedin, in 1858, to a daughter of Mr. Angus Murray, of the Highlands of Scotland, and has two sons and two daughters surviving.
, J.P., Old Colonist, and owner of the celebrated Greenfield estate, situated on the banks of the Clutha, is one of the best known, oldest and most enterprising settlers in Otago. He was born near Dundee, Scotland, on the 1st of January, 1827. At the early age of fourteen he emigrated, in company with his stepfather and two sisters, to Nelson, by the barque “New Zealand” (Captain Worth), which arrived at her destination on the 4th of November, 1842. In April, 1848, Mr. Smith sailed for Otago, in a twelve-ton schooner, and arrived at Port Chalmers. In conjunction with the late Mr. James Allan, of Hope Hill, East Taieri, he built a store and baker's shop in Dunedin, in the site afterwards known as Buller's Corner, and the business was jointly carried on until a dissolution took place in January, 1852. It may be mentioned that the timber for the shop had to be felled and sawn at Port Chalmers and Anderson's Bay, and transported to Dunedin by rafts. After dissolving partnership with Mr. Allan, Mr. Smith removed to the Tokomairiro district, where he purchased a property known as Springfield, near Fairfax, the original Government township, which was superseded in later years by the present town of Milton. In 1861, on the outbreak of the gold “rush at Gabriel's Gully, Mr. Smith re-commenced storekeeping at Milton, where he carried on a most successful business as a general storekeeper, and also actea as a private banker prior to the establishment of the Bank of New Zealand. In 1867, Mr. Smith retired to become proprietor of the Greenfield estate, consisting of over 24,000 acres, which is in the highest state of cultivation, and rivals in celebrity “Longbeach” in Canterbury. Mr. Smith has always taken an active interest in movements likely to benefit the provincial district of Otago. In 1858 he was elected as member for Tokomairiro, in the Otago Provincial Council, but resigned the position after a short experience. He has represented the Balmoral riding in the Bruce County Council since the council's formation in November, 1876. Mr. Smith is chairman of the Clutha River Trust, which preserves the free navigation of the river Clutha. In 1850, Mr. Smith married Miss Margaret Martin, sister of the late Mr. Edward Martin, of South bridge, Otago, and they have three sons and three daughters, Mr. John Smith, the eldest son, assists his father in the management of “Greenfield”; the second son, Mr. James Smith, was manager of the Farmers' Agency in Dunedin; and the third is Dr. Martin Smith, of Dunedin.
, sometime of Balclutha, was one of the most popular and best known men in Otago, and settled at Balclutha in 1862. He was the eldest son of the late Mr. Hugh Smith, of Westown, Petinain, Lanarkshire, where he was born on the 16th of June, 1837. Dr. Smith was educated at private schools, Dalkeith Academy, and at the Edinburgh University, where he qualified for the medical profession. He then joined the army Medical Staff Corps, as assistant surgeon, and was stationed at Aldershot, Curragh, Dublin and Kilkenny. In 1862 Dr. Smith sailed from Glasgow as surgeon in the ship “Pladda” (Captain Boyd), and notwithstanding the long voyage and the number of passengers, landed at Port Chalmers without loss of life. When Dr. Smith arrived at Dunedin everybody was, however, suffering from “gold fever,” which also attacked him. He accordingly tried his fortunes at the Shotover for some months, but soon decided to commence practice at the Clutha Ferry, where he built a house—a portion of which is still attached to his later habitation. For several years Dr. Smith was the only medical practitioner residing in the widely scattered district extending from Clutha to Catlin's river on the south-east, and from Clinton to Tapanui in the opposite direction. The track to Owaka or Catlin's was simply a “blazed” surveyor's line and the creeks and rivers were subject to floods, and it was often hazardous work for Dr. Smith to attend his patients. These difficulties, however, led to many close friendships, and there was hardly a fireside in the Clutha district at which the doctor was not a cordially welcome guest. Dr. Smith was a thorough lover and generous patron of all British sports, and was one of the foundation members of Lodge Clutha, S.C., now working under the New Zealand Constitution. In February, 1869, he was married to Sarah Helen, daughter of Mr. Joseph Williams, of Boughurst, near Basingstoke, Hampshire, England, and had five sons and four daughters. Dr. Smith died in June, 1902.
, sometime of Tokomairiro, was born in Aberdeenshire, Scotland, in 1827, and was brought up to the trade of a builder. In 1850 he arrived at Port Chalmers by the same vessel as the late Mr James Macandrew, and settled in Dunedin. For about ten years he carried on business as a builder in Dunedin, but removed in 1862 to Tokomairiro, where he followed farming up to the time of his death in 1889. As a volunteer, Mr. Scott was connected with the Bruce Rifles, first as lieutenant, afterwards as captain and subsequently as major, and served altogether for seventeen years. He also served for many years on various local governing bodies. In 1855 Mr. Scott was married by the Rev. Dr. Burns at First Church, Dunedin, to a daughter of the late Mr. William Langlands, engineer and architect for the Provincial Government of Otago. At his death he left six sons and six daughters, but one son and two daughters have since died. Mrs Scott still survives her husband.
, J.P., Arthur Street, Dunedin, was born in Arboga, Sweden, and educated at the High School of his native place. He took to a seafaring life, and in 1873 he came to Wellington. New Zealand, in the ship “Douglas.” On deciding to remain in the colony he joined the “Crest of the Wave,” and was for several years engaged in trading around the New Zealand coasts in various sailing vessels. He afterwards took charge of the steamer “Kakanui” as master, and was for six years in that position. When the s.s. “Invercargill” was built Captain Sundstrum took command, and remained her master for twelve years. In 1898 he went to England to superintend the building of the steamer “Rimu,” a vessel of 343 tons, which he brought to New Zealand. In 1900, he retired from the sea to enjoy a life of well earned leisure. Captain Sundstrum has taken no part in local affairs, as his calling has left him no opportunity in that connection. He is, however, a Justice of the Peace, and was vice-president of the Kaituna Bowling Club for the season of 1903–1904. Captain Sundstrum married Miss Innes, the only daughter of Mr. A. Innes, of the Glen, Mornington, and has a family of one son and one daughter.
, J.P., Of Clifton, Highcliff, was born in the parish of Enzie, Bannfshire, Scotland, and was brought up to farming. In 1855 he emigrated to Victoria, where he worked on the goldfields with considerable success, and also on the Lamond Flat and Lachlan diggings, New South Wales. He was altogether seven years in Australia, whence he returned to Scotland in 1862. After being nine months in the Old Country, he sailed for New Zealand, in 1863, by the ship “Wave Queen,” and landed at Port Chalmers. Shortly after his arrival he bought the property which he still holds on the Peninsula, but it was then in its rough, native state, and covered with heavy bush. After the usual pioneering difficulties of clearing the bush and building a house in a locality then all but inaccessible, Mr. Stuart started dairy farming; which he has carried on practically ever since; and he is now one of the largest dairy farmers in the Peninsula. Mr. Stuart has always taken an active interest in the affairs of his district, and has been for over thirty-six years a member of the Peninsula Road Board, of which he was chairman for sixteen years. He was a member of the old Peninsula County Council for nine years, and of the Waikouaiti and Peninsula Licensing Committee for a similar period. Mr. Stuart has been a member of the Highcliff school committee since its inception; he was for over twenty-four years continuously its chairman, and signed the appointment of the district's first teacher. He has been a Justice of the Peace since 1889. On two occasions Mr. Stuart was requested to stand for the Provincial Council, but declined. Much of the success of the Taieri and Peninsula Milk Supply and Butter Company, Limited, may be attributed to Mr. Stuart, as he was one of the original promoters, and has been one of its directors ever since its inception. It is now (1904) in its twentieth year. Mr. Stuart is a deacon of the North East Harbour and Portobello Presbyterian church, and has been its clerk and treasurer for thirty-six years. He married at Home, previous to his departure for New Zealand, and, of a family of six, five sons are alive.
, formerly of “Strathfield,” Maheno, was born in 1836 in Linlithgowshire, Scotland, where he was brought up to farming. He arrived in the Colony, by the ship “Strathfield,” in 1858, and was for eight years engaged in station life in the West Taieri district. He was one of the first settlers to purchase land in the Maheno district, and had, latterly, 550 acres of freehold, which he recently sold to Mr. W. P. Reid. For many years he held a seat on the Maheno school committee, of which he was for a long time chairman. Mr. Thompson was also a member of the local road board in the early days. On the Maheno Domain Board he heid office as secretary, and was actively connected with that body from 1883; and also with the local Presbyterian church. He was married, in 1875, to a daughter of the late Mr. G. Russell, of Dundee, Scotland, and has three sons and seven daughter's. Mr. Thompson now (1904) lives in retirement at Roslyn, Dunedin.
, J.P., Kohimarama, Glenorchy, Lake Wakatipu, is one of the earliest settlers of Otago. He arrived with his parents by the ship “Ajax” on the 8th of January, 1849. Prior to the family leaving England in 1847 Mr. Valpy's father had purchased land at the second or third balloting in London under the Otago Association. Mr. Valpy, senior, first settled at “The Forbury,” by the Ocean Beach, now known as St. Clair, and placed his son in charge of a run at Waihola. In 1852, Mr. W. H. Valpy shipped the first fat stock sent by sea from Otago to Canterbury, and he himself, accompanied by two shepherds, returned to Otago on horseback, a feat never accomplished by anyone else before that time. During the same year Mr. Valpy removed to the Horseshoe Bush run, at the head of Lake Waihola; in 1854, he took up the Maerewhenua station, in the Waitaki district, North Otago, and in 1856, purchased the Oamaru and Upper Taipo runs; but, in consequence of a severe accident, he was compelled to sell his properties. Mr. Valpy then took up the Patearoa run, in the Upper Taieri, but sold it in 1860 to the late Dr. Buchanan. After that Mr. Valpy lived in retirement until 1874, when he was appointed Crown lands ranger for the northern portion of Otago, but retired from the position in 1888, when he and his family took up two runs at the head of Lake Wakatipu; they after-wardssold these properties. In the early sixties, Mr. Valpy was made a Justice of the Peace, and he acted as Sergeant-at-Arms in the Otago Provincial Council, during the time that Mr. Julius Vogel was Provincial Treasurer. He was married in 1858 to Penelope Caroline, daughter of the late Mr. S. F. Every, of Silver Acres, Anderson's Bay, Dunedin, and their family consists of five sons and three daughters.
, J.P., Old Colonist, Milton, represented the constituency of Hampden in the General Assembly during the sixties for three sessions, two of which were held in Auckland, and the last at Wellington after the removal of the seat of Government. Owing to unforseen losses amongst his flocks, he withdrew from politics in order to cope with the diseases then prevalent amongst sheep and cattle. Mr Wayne is the second son of the Rev. W. H. Wayne, late vicar of Much Wenlock, Shropshire, and was born in the year 1834, in Derbyshire. He was educated at Bridgenorth school, and Trinity College, Cambridge. He afterwards studied at the School of Mines, London, to qualify as an expert in the purchase of lands impregnated with minerals. Mr. Wayne arrived in Sydney in 1859, and reached Port Lyttelton on the 1st of January, 1860. He entered into partnership with Messrs Rowley and Hamilton, and they purchased a run on the Maniototo Plains. In 1871 Mr. Wayne purchased the Akatore estate, near Milton, which he rolinquished about 1885, and since then he has carried on the business of a land agent. For a time he represented Glenledi riding in the Bruce County Council, and was made a Justice of the Peace in 1862, by the Whitaker-Fox Government. In the year 1864 he was married to a daughter of the Rev. George Barber, M.A., Queen's College, Cambridge, and their family consists of four sons and one daughter. Mr. Wayne has always taken an active part in developing the pastoral and agricultural resources of the Province of Otago, and, like a great many more of the early pastoral settlers, who practically opened up the land for those who succeeded them, he sowed, but others are now reaping the fruits of his labour.
, some time of Ocean Bank, Anderson's Bay, arrived in Otago in 1848 by the ship “Blundell,” accompanied by his first wife and a family of three sons. He bought property surrounding the family's present residence, which occupies one of the pleasantest sites in a pleasant neighbourhood.
Mr. Weir's first wife died leaving a family of six sons, all of whom are now successful farmers in Otago. Mr. Weir married, secondly, Mrs Rowers, a widow, who still survives him.
When Mr. Weir died in 1894 at the age of seventy he left a family of six sons by his second marriage, and one step-daughter. Mrs Weir arrived by the ship “Strathmore” in
, An old colonist, was born in 1828 at Bandon, County Cork, Ireland, where he was educated. Mr. Wheeler's father was a large cotton-spinner, and the subject of this notice was brought up to the manufacturing business and gained a general insight into mercantile life. He arrived in Melbourne in 1855, and remained in Victoria for about seven years in business as bookseller and news agent in Bendigo. He crossed the Tasman Sea to Dunedin in 1862, and soon afterwards started in a printing and an advertising agency business in Stafford Street, which he conducted till 1891. Mr. Wheeler was the founder of the “Mercantile and Bankruptcy Gazette,” which was amalgamated in June, 1887, with “The Weekly Advertiser.” Messrs. Russell and de Veaux entering into partnership with him under the style of R. T. Wheeler and Co. This partnership continued till August, 1890, when the business, together with that of the New Zealand Mutual Creditors' Association, Ltd., proprietors of “The Trade Protection Gazette,” was merged into the Trade Auxiliary Company, Ltd. This company has since continued the publication of the “Mercantile and Bankruptcy Gazette.” Mr. Wheeler is an Oddfellow, being attached to Leith Lodge, and has successively filled every office in the Order. He was married in 1860 to the eldest daughter of the late Mr. F. G. Faul, of Bendigo, and has one son (Mr. R. T. Wheeler, junior), and three daughters, the eldest of whom is married to Mr. Adam Paterson, of Dunedin.
, J.P., was born in England in 1849, and was educated at Cheltenham. He was brought up to the malting business in the Old Country, and after three-and-a-half years' experience in America he came to New Zealand, in the s.s. “Doric,” under engagement to Messrs Wigram Bros., of Christchurch, whose large malting business he managed for nearly eight years. During his residence in Christchurch he took a prominent part in public affairs; for several years he was a member of the Selwyn county council, was member and chairman of the Heathcote road board, a member of the Heathcote school committee and Lyttelton licensing committee, and also a member of the Christ-church hospital board. Mr. Wiffen was created a Justice of the Peace in 1892. On leaving Canterbury he came to Dunedin, where, in 1895, he established the business of the Otago Malting Company, and took Mr. W. B. Vigers into partnership. Subsequently this partnership was dissolved, and in 1903 a disastrous fire destroyed the firm's large premises in Cumberland Street. Mr. Wiffen now lives in retirement at Well Park House, a handsome residence on the banks of the Water of Leith. He was married, in 1870, to a daughter of Mr. W. H. Kidd, of Stanstead, Essex, and has four sons.
was born in Pembrokeshire, Wales, on the 17th of October, 1794. At the age of fourteen he went to sea in a merchantman. In 1829 he took his vessel with whaling crews for three boats to Cuttle Cove, Preservation Inlet, and formed a whaling station there, giving it the Maori name of Cuttle Cove—Rakituma. It was the first whaling station started in what is now the Otago provincial district. His schooner. “The Caroline,” belonged to Mr. Bunn, merchant, Sydney. In 1829 he obtained 120 tuns of oil, in 1830 143 tuns, in 1831 152 tuns, in 1832 115 tuns, in 1833 156 tuns, besides whale-bone, which was valuable in those days. In 1836 Captain Williams left Preservation Inlet, and returned to Sydney. He arrived at Waikouaiti in 1839, and remained some time with Mr. John Jones. In 1841 he was in Auckland, and purchased lot 54 at the first sale of town sections on the 19th of April, 1841. He did not remain long at Auckland, but came to Otago, and settled near the Kaika at Otakou, at a place named Musselborough. In 1849 he married the widow of Mr. Benjamin Coleman, nee Mary Carey, who came to Otago in the “Magnet,” which arrived at the Bluff (then known to the Maoris as Awarua and to the sealers as Bloomfield harbour) on the 16th of March, 1840. She has never since left Otago, and still (1904) resides at Port Chalmers. Captain Williams died in Dunedin on the 26th of June, 1868, aged seventy-four. He left two children; one daughter, who married Mr. W. H. S. Roberts, and one son, Peter, who resides in Dunedin.
was born in 1835 at Arbroath. He was brought up to a seafaring life, which he followed for twenty-two years, and rose to the position of mate. Mr. Wilson arrived in Port Chalmers, in 1868, by the ship “Schleswig Bride,” was for four years in Waipori, and in the tanning and fellmongery business in Dunedin for nine years. He was connected with the Dunedin hospital from 1884 to 1893, and was appointed Wardsman of the Dunstan District Hospital in October, 1807. He was married, in 1872, to a daughter of the late Mr. A. Gibson, of Stranraer, Scotland, and has had one son, who is dead.
, Anderston Road, Roslyn, was born in Midlothian, Scotland, in 1829, and came to Port Chalmers by the ship “Jura,” in 1858, accompanied by his wife and three children. At that time Princes Street consisted of a few wooden houses. From his
From the arrival of the “John Wick-liffe” and “Philip Laing” in 1818, to the present time, one of the most important factors in the progress of Otago has been the shipping interest, and it must necessarily ever remain so. New Zealand has a very large seaboard, with a number of good harbours, and an extensive and increasing coastal and external trade. The port of Dunedin has been so successfully deepened by a powerful dredge, that large steamers, which formerly discharged cargo at Port Chalmers, are now enabled to come up the Victoria channel, and lie alongside the city wharves. A long article on the Otago Harbour Board, commencing on page 115 of this volume, gives a comprehensive account of the operations carried on at the port of Dunedin. The Union Steam Ship Company of New Zealand, Limited, has its headquarters in Dunedin, and is very fully noticed in this section. The Huddart Parker Company, the New Zealand Shipping Company, Shaw, Savill and Albion Company, Limited, the Tyser and Shire lines of steamers, the New Zealand and African Steam Ship Company, and other important shipping companies, are all locally represented by agents in Dunedin.
. This company's head office is in Dunedin, New Zealand, and it has forty-three branches and agencies throughout Australia, New Zealand, and the East, and offices in London and Glasgow. The Company was established in Dunedin in July, 1875, for the purpose of taking over the business and plant of the Harbour Steam Company, a small local proprietary which had been in existence for some years, and whose trade, originally confined to the carriage of passengers and cargo between Dunedin and Port Chalmers, had afterwards been extended to ports of the Middle Island. The steamers taken over consisted of the “Maori,” a small vessel of 118 tons register, which made monthly trips from Dunedin round the Middle Island, calling at Bluff, Martin's and Jackson's Bays, Hokitika, Grey-mouth, Westport, Nelson, and Lyttelton; the “Beautiful Star” (146 tons) and “Bruce” (460 tons), both of which traded between Dunedin, Akaroa, Timaru, and Lyttelton, each boat making one trip per week. In addition to these, there were two steamers which had been ordered from Messrs W. Denny Brothers, of Dumbarton, a few months previously, in view of extending the Company's operations to the North Island. These steamers, in size, speed, and accommodation, were of a class far in advance of anything then employed in the coastal trade of the colony, and many persons were of opinion that the Directors of the Company were over sanguine in expecting remunerative employment for boats of such excessive tonnage—720 tons gross register each. The first to arrive was the “Hawea,” which reached Port Chalmers on the 10th of June, 1875, and she was followed by her sister ship, the “Taupo,” on the 2nd of July. These at once took up their running in the new trade, each making a fortnightly trip from Dunedin to One-hunga and back, via Lyttelton, Wellington, Picton, Nelson and Taranaki, and at each port they visited on their initial trips they attracted a large amount of attention and admiration.
Such was the fleet taken over by the Union Company, and with which it commenced operations. The first meeting of the Provisional Directors was held on the 31st of May, 1875, and on the 12th of July, the Certificate of Incorporation of the Company was issued. The nominal capital of the Company was £250,000, divided into 25,000 shares of £10 each; and its first Directors were Messrs George McLean, E. B. Cargill, Hugh MacNeil, Henry Tewsley, J. R. Jones, and James Mills (managing director). Of these up to the latter part of 1903, four still held seats on the Board; namely, Messrs McLean, Cargill, Jones and Mills. Mr, Tewsley was removed by death in 1879, and Mr. Mac-Neil retired in 1885. The former was succeeded by Mr. A. W. Morris, and the latter by Mr. J. M. Ritchie. Mr. E. B. Cargill, who was a son of Captain Cargill, the first Superintendent of the Province of Otago died in August, 1903, and Mr. J. R. Jones retired owing to ill-health in October, 1903. The vacancies were filled by the appointment of Mr. John Roberts, C.M.G., and the Hon. A Lee Smith, M.L.C. These are the only changes that have taken place in the personnel of the Board since the formation of the Company. Mr. George McLean was its first chairman, and Mr. James Mills its first managing director, and both gentlemen fill these positions at the present time.
The increasing prosperity of the colony, and the additional facilities placed at the disposal of traders, kept the “Hawea” and “Taupo” fully employed, and it was decided to order another vessel of the same class. Meantime the Companay had received its first check in the loss of the “Bruce.” This vessel, which had proved itself admirably suited for the trade in which it was employed, was wrecked at Taiaroa Heads on the
The next important step taken by the Company was the purchase in November, 1878, of Messrs McMeckan, Blackwood and Co.'s intercolonial fleet, comprising the “Ringarooma,” “Arawata,” “Tararua,” and “Albion,” which at that time ran a weekly service between Melbourne and New Zealand. This acquisition strengthened the Company materially, as it completed the chain of communication between Melbourne, New Zealand and Sydney, and practically placed the entire coastal and intercolonial carrying trade in its hands. As Sydney was to a large extent a free port and offered a good market for New Zealand produce, the Directors decided upon procuring a steamer superior in every way to anything hitherto seen in the colony, and in September, 1879, the splendid steamer “Rotomahana,” soon to be known as the “Greyhound of the Pacific”—a name which she has enjoyed to the present time, although in size and accommodation she has been surpassed by subsequent additions to the fleet. It is worth noting that this steamer was the first trading vessel built of mild steel; and as this material was the means of her escaping serious damage on the occasion of one or two mishaps in her earlier career, the fact was widely chronicled, and led to a revolution in ship-building, mild steel being now almost universally employed in the construction of the most valuable steamships.
At this period the Directors thought it advisable to seek the sanction of shareholders to an increase of the nominal capital of the Company to £500,000, and also to a proposal to establish a London Board to represent the Company at Home. The authority was duly given at a general meeting of shareholders held on the 15th of September, 1879, and confirmed at a subsequent general meeting held on the 27th of October following. Accordingly an office was opened in London and a local Board appointed. Death and other causes have brought about changes in the London Board, which now (1904) comprises Mr. J. H. Gibbs (Acting-Chairman), and Colonel J. M. Denny, M.P.
The “To Anau,” a sister ship to the “Rotomahana,” but of less power, arrived in the colony in February, 1880, and both vessels being, in style and speed, far in advance of anything before seen in the colonies, they rapidly made a name for themselves, and hastened the development of the passenger trade between New Zealand and Australia. The “Hero, a favourite steamer trading between Auckland and Australia, was acquired in 1880, and in quick succession followed the arrival from the Messrs Denny's yard of the “Manapouri” (June, 1882), “Mahinapua” (July, 1882), “Wairarapa” (September, 1882), “Omapere” (October, 1882), “Hauroto” (December, 1882), “Tarawera” (February, 1883), and “Waihora” (April, 1883).
Impressed by the probability of developing a remunerative trade with the South Sea Islands, the Directors purchased, in 1881, from the Auckland Steam Ship Company, the steamer “Southern Cross” engaged in the Auckland-Fiji trade, and speedily replaced her by a larger and better style of boat. Early in 1883 they embarked in the Melbourne-Fiji trade, taking over the steamer “Suva,” which had opened up the line and carried it on till then. After some time the Melbourne-Fiji service was discontinued, and replaced by a service joining Auckland and Sydney, via Samoa, Tonga, and Fiji, and in succeeding years the trade with Fiji and the other islands grew to such proportions as to require the employment of vessels of much larger tonnage specially designed for trade in the tropics.
The only further addition made to the fleet in 1883 was the “Takapuna,” which arrived from Home on the 12th of October. This steamer was specially built to run an express service on the coast to enable business people to move backwards and forwards more freely, and without the detentions that necessarily attended the movements of the regular steamers working large cargoes and carrying large numbers of passengers. It was thought an express steamer running up and down the coast would make a trade for herself, and on the “Takapuna's” arrival she was placed in the running between Lyttelton and Manukau, connecting with southern ports by train from Lyttelton.
The initiation of the direct service between New Zealand and London brought about a further increase in general cargo traffic on the coast on account of transhipment work, and two coastal cargo steamers—the “Ohau” and “Taupo” were ordered from Home and arrived in January, 1885; and, later on, the “Tekapo,” a large steamer purchased for the intercolonial trade, also arrived and took up her place in the regular service. The growth of the intercolonial trade resulted in the appearance in colonial waters, in November, 1885, of the Company's splendid steamer “Mararoa.”
At this date the existing contract between the Governments of New Zealand and New South Wales and the Pacific Mail Steam Ship Company of New York, for the carriage of the San Francisco mails, expired, and, the Pacific Mail Company being desirous of retiring from the work, the Union Company took up the contract and carried it on in conjunction with the Oceanic Steam Ship Company
One of the most important features of the New Zealand coastal trade is the carriage of coals from the West Coast of the South Island, and with the rapid development of the West Coast mines the Directors found it to the interest of the Company to pay the closest attention to this branch of the Company's business. In order to place themselves in the best possible position to do this, they took over, in 1885, the business and plant of a Wellington company known as the Black Diamond line. This purchase comprised five small steamers—“Mawhera,” “Koranui,” “Grafton.” Manawatu,” “Maitai”—a small mine at Westport, known as the Koranui mine, and some other property. Two years later the Westport Coal Company, of whose coal the Union Company was a large purchaser, finding its steamer plant inadequate for its growing business, made a friendly arrangement with the Union Company, which agreed to obtain all its New Zealand coal supplies from the Westport Company, in return for the carriage of all the Westport Coal Company's freight. In accordance with this agreement, the Company took over three colliers belonging to the Westport Coal Company—the “Wareatea,” “Kawatiri,” and “Orowaiti”—while the Westport Company took over the Koranui mine. Subsequently the Company made a somewhat similar arrangement with the Grey Valley Coal Company, taking over its three colliers. For the growing needs of the New Zealand coal trade and for the coal trade with New South Wales, which forms an important branch of the Company's business, steamers of steadily increasing size have been added almost every year since then to the fleet.
The year 1890 was a memorable year in the history of the Company, and also in that of the colony, which then found itself in the midst of the greatest industrial struggle that had yet taken place in colonial history. For some years the workers had been organising themselves. In connection with shipping, there were four powerful Unions in existence—the Engineers, Firemen and Seamen, Cooks and Stewards, and Wharf Labourers; and these embraced all the men engaged in these vocations throughout the colonies. From time to time these Unions had made demands on shipowners which had been conceded, and as the power of the Unions grew, their demands increased until the steamship owners entered into combination; and just a few weeks before the great struggle took place a Bond of Defence was signed by nearly all steamship companies in the colonies. The original incident out of which the strike of 1890 arose was the discharge of a fireman from one of the steamers of the Tasmanian Steam Navigation Company, and the subsequent demand by the Seamen and Firemen's Union for his reinstatement. This demand the Company refused, and the Unions withdrew the entire crew. Then came a demand from the Officers' Association of Australia for increased pay, shorter hours, etc. Owners in Australia agreed to accede to these demands, provided the officers withdrew from affiliation with the other Unions. The officers refused, and gave notice of their intention to leave their ships, and, in support of the Officers' Association the Seamen's Union withdrew all crews from Australian steamers. The Union Company had no disagreement with its officers, but was drawn into the struggle by the action of the Wharf Labourers' Union in Sydney, which had withdrawn its members from the wharves in unison with the action of the Seamen's Union, leaving no union labour available to discharge cargoes. This necessitated engaging non-union labour to do the work, and, as one of the leading principles of Unionism is to decline to work with nonunion labour, the crews of the Union Company's steamers in harbour were at once withdrawn. This was followed by the withdrawal of the crews and cooks and stewards from all the Company's steamers in New Zealand, and of all labour at the wharves, as well as of all the officers who, as members of the Officers' Association in New Zealand, were affiliated with the Seamen's Union, and a general boycott of the Company ensued, except that the engineers remained loyal. Strenuous efforts were made to man the vessels afresh, and, within a week of the commencement of the strike the Company had eighteen steamers running, and had procured from 700 to 800 workers; and within a month thirty-four steamers were running, and the Company had 2140 free workers in its employment. Within a few weeks the strike had completely collapsed, and the Company's services were in full swing. One of the results of the strike was the introduction of the Conciliation and Arbitration Act, which came into force in August, 1894. By its operation rates of wages and conditions of employment are fixed by the Court, after hearing the representations of employers, and employed, and strikes are rendered illegal.
In 1891 a most important step was taken by the Directors in the purchase of the plant and business of the Tasmanian Steam Navigation Company. The property acquired comprised eight steamers, five hulks, freehold premises in connection with the Company's business in Hobart, Launceston, and other ports, and a valuable wharf property in Sydney adjoining the Company's own premises in Margaret Street. This necessitated an increase in the Company's capital to £1,000,000, which was duly authorised at an extraordinary general meeting of shareholders held on the 13th of July, 1891. The acquisition of the Tasmanian Steam Navigation Company's business proved of great value to the Company, as, while the Company already held the premier position in the various trades from Australian ports to New Zealand, the purchase placed it in a similar position in the intercolonial trades out of Tasmania.
The next extension of the Company's business was made in 1896, when a regular service was established between New Zealand, the Cook Islands, and Tahiti.
Since then the Company has, year after year, continued to add to its fleet vessels of the highest type, and of steadily increasing size, and the very latest developments in machinery and in the art of shipbuilding are found in its steamers. At the present time (May, 1904), it is building a steamer engined on the turbine principle, to run an express service between Launceston and Melbourne. This will be the first vessel of the kind employed in the Southern Seas. To illustrate the facilities enjoyed by the travelling public now, compared with those at their disposal when the Union Company began business, it need only be mentioned that in 1875 the Company commenced its operations with three steamers, the gross tonnage of the largest being 460; to-day its fleet comprises fifty-three steamers of an aggregate tonnage of 98,432 tons: of these ten range from 2,000 to 3,000 tons, six from 3,000 to 4,000 tons, two from 4,000 to 5,000, and one has a tonnage of 5,700. The services originally embraced a few ports on the New Zealand coast, but now they spread like a net work over the Australasian colonies, and the South Sea Islands, and extend outside of these as far as India and Canada. The Company has in permanent employment 2,200 officers and men afloat, and 460 ashore, and its wages bill exceeds £600,000 per annum.
The following are the services of the Union Steam Ship Company of New Zealand, Limited: Intercolonial: Weekly between New Zealand and Melbourne, via Hobart; New Zealand and Sydney, via Auckland; and New Zealand and Sydney, via Cook Strait. Coastal: Almost daily between the principal ports of New Zealand. Tasmanian: Weekly betwen Launceston and Melbourne, Hobart and Melbourne, Hobart and Sydney, Hobart and New Zealand; weekly between Hobart and Strahan, and Strahan and Melbourne; and regular and frequent services between north-west coast ports and Melbourne and Sydney. South Sea Islands: Four-weekly between New Zealand and Fiji; New Zealand and Sydney, via Tonga, Samoa, and Fiji; New Zealand, Rarotonga, and Tahiti. Foreign: Four-weekly Royal mail service between Sydney, Brisbane, and Vancouver, via Fiji and Honolulu (Canadian-Australian Line); regular cargo service between New Zealand, Singapore, and Calcutta—three times a year each way. To these services may be added the annual excursions to the West Coast Sounds of New Zealand. These have been run without interruption since 1877, and from small beginnings have developed
, Chairman of Directors of the Union Steam Ship Company, is referred to as a former member of the Government of New Zealand, at page 75 of the Wellington volume of this work, and at page 73 of this volume, as a member of the Legislative Council.
, the Managing Director, was born in Wellington on the 30th of July, 1847, and is the third son of the late Mr. William Mills, who was long connected with the Customs Department of New Zealand, and who, after occupying the position of Collector at Dunedin, Auckland, and Christchurch, retired from the service in 1875, and died in Dunedin in 1900, at the advanced age of ninety-one. Mr. James Mills removed with his parents to Port Chalmers in 1849, and in 1852 his family took up their residence in Dunedin. Mr. Mills' first experience of business was in the house of Messrs James Macandrew and Company, which he left, after a year's service, to join Mr. John Jones, who at that time carried on a large business in Dunedin as a merchant and shipowner. The shipping department of Mr. Jones' business was afterwards converted into a company, which traded under the name of the Harbour Steam Company, and for some years the fleet of small steamers owned by the company carried on a trade between Dunedin and neighbouring ports. On the death of Mr. Jones, in 1839, Mr. Mills, who had for some time previously managed its affairs, was appointed manager of the Harbour Steam Company, a position which he held until 1875. In that year a company was formed for the purpose of acquiring the interests of the Harbour Steam Company, and embarking in a wider field of operations. This company was the now well known Union Steam Ship Company of New Zealand, and on its initiation, Mr. Mills was appointed Managing Director, an office which he has held to this day. Mr. Mills when quite a youth was elected member for Waikouaiti, in the Provincial Council of Otago, and held his seat until the abolition of provincial government, in 1875. On the death of the Hon. James Macandrew, who represented Port Chalmers in the General Assembly, Mr. Mills was invited to fill the vacancy, and in 1887 he took his seat as member for that district. At the next election, in 1890, he was opposed by Mr. J. A. Millar, but was returned by a large majority. He finally retired from political life in 1893. Mr. Mills is well known throughout the Australasian colonies as a supreme expert in all matters appertaining to shipping; he has made numerous trips to England in connection with his Company's business, and has been singularly successful in his negotiations with the various Governments with whom his Company has entered into agreements in connection with mail services, etc. His name is inseparably associated with the rise and progress of the Union Company. Although the prosperity of the colony has contributed largely to the rapid growth of the Company's trade, still Mr. Mills and his Board of Directors had the foresight to make provision for the development of the country's resources, and the exceptional business ability which Mr. Mills has shown throughout his long term of authority has been a leading factor in the Company's success.
, General Manager of the Company, was born in Wellington, on the 14th of December, 1863, and there he received his education. He entered the office of the Black Diamond line in 1880, and was subsequently appointed branch manager at Westport. When the Union Company purchased the Black Diamond fleet in 1885, Mr. Holdsworth transferred his services to the Company, and remained at Westport in the capacity of manager until 1891, when he was transferred to Hobart as manager for Tasmania. In 1898 he was appointed Chief Manager and Inspector in Dunedin, and in 1901 General Manager of the Company.
, Secretary of the Company, was born in Haddington, East Lothian, Scotland, in 1847, and received his business training in Edinburgh and London. He came out to New Zealand at the end of 1875, and joined the head office staff of the Union Company in 1879. In 1891 he was appointed Secretary. Mr. Whitson takes a great interest in educational matters, and has a fine taste in literature. He is well known as the vice-president of the Dunedin Shakespeare Club, of which he was one of the founders; and he has directed the Club's study for many years.
, sometime Master of the Union Steam Ship Company's s.s. “Waikare,” was at the time of his death one of the oldest servants in that company's service. He went to sea at the early age of twelve and a half years, and was indentured in May, 1853. On completing his apprenticeship, and having made a voyage to St. John's. New Brunswick, Mr. Anderson joined the Black Ball line, in which he made several trips to America and Australia, and afterwards in various lines to India. He subsequently came out to Wellington, New Zealand, as a passenger in the s.s. “Airedale,” and shortly after his arrival joined the Pilot service at Port Nicholson, where he remained for several years. Mr. Anderson then joined the s.s. “Wellington,” under Captain Carey, and three months later was appointed chief officer of the s.s. “Taranaki,” which had been taken over by the then recently formed Union Steam Ship Company, in the service of which Captain Anderson remained over twenty years, until, in fact, death surprised him early in 1898, in consequence of an accident which he encountered while in the discharge of his duties, and which formed the subject of official enquiry. During his period of service he commanded such interprovincial steamers as the s.s. “Wellington,” “Lady Bird,” “Waitaki,” “Wanaka,” “Tairoa,” “Taranaki,” “Penguin,” and “Rotoroa.” He was then transferred to the command of intercolonial steamers, and was successively in charge of the “Hauroto,” “Tekapo,” “Waihora,” “Manapouri,” and lastly the magnificent “Waikare.” Captain Anderson was well known for his kindly and generous disposition, as well as for his skill and carefulness as a navigator. When the news of his death became known, genuine regret was felt by the community at large, and flags were lowered half mast in the various centres of the Colony, in honour of the memory of an efficient and popular officer.
, Chief Engineer of the New Zealand Shipping Company's s.s. “Pareora,” took up his present position on the 30th of May, 1898. He was born in Melbourne, but came to Dunedin with his parents in the early sixties. After leaving the Dunedin High School, he went to the Old Country, and served his apprenticeship with the well known firm of Messrs James Howden and Co. In December, 1879, he returned to the Colony as fourth engineer of the Union Steamship Company's s.s. “Te Anau,” on which he afterwards acted successively as third and second engineer. Mr. Douglas left the “Te Anau” in October, 1884, to join the “Mahinapua” as chief engineer. He was afterwards chief of the “Penguin” and “Ringarooma,” and after being about twelve years in the Union Steamship Company's service, he left to join his brothers in the Northern Union Steamboat Company, trading on the Northern Wairoa, and was manager of the Company from 1894 to 1897. His father, the late Mr. W. R. Douglas, of Dunedin, one of the old pioneer settlers of Otago, is credited with having built the first steam vessel launched in Dunedin, namely, a little steamer called the “Betsy Douglas.”
St. Kilda is situated about two miles from Dunedin, and was declared a municipality on the 7th of December, 1875. At that time the borough was a swamp covered with tussocks, with a few houses dotted here and there. It has now well-formed streets and footpaths. The drainage is conducted principally with open ditches, but the main streets have closed in drains, and as the town comes within the area of the Dunedin Drainage and Sewerage Board, an up-to-date drainage system will shortly be established. There is a good sanitary and water service, the latter being supplied from the Silverstream. The borough contains the two fine parks, Forbury and Tahuna, where trotting races, sports, and other gatherings are held, and are attended by thousands of people from all over the colony. There is also a reserve and a recreation ground, the latter having recently been presented to the borough by one of the present councillors and formerly its Mayor—Mr. Thomas S. Culling—with the object of establishing a bowling club, a project which has been successfully accomplished, and bids fair to become one of the leading clubs of Otago. At present (1904) St. Kilda is without a church, but the Wesleyans hold services every Sunday in the Town Hall, and have bought a piece of land on the Queen's Drive, where they hope shortly to erect a church. The Education Board has bought two acres of land in Bowen Street, with the intention of erecting a public school. St. Kilda has clay pipe works, and an ærated water factory. At present the horsehaulage tram line extends along Hillside road to Ocean beach, but the proposed new electric service will run on Hillside road, Anderson's Bay road, and probably to Tahuna Park. This work is being pushed on rapidly, and when completed will be of great convenience to the residents of St. Kilda and Ocean beach. The borough has a long stretch of beautiful sandy beach, with two fine hotels overlooking the Pacific Ocean, and there are several tea rooms for the convenience of pleasure seekers, within a stone's throw of the beach. Beautiful residences may be seen along the Queen's Drive, which is also a favourite road for cyclists.
St. Kilda is bounded on the north by the Victoria road; on the west by the Forbury road; on the south by Prince Edward road and Bay View road; and on the east by the stone wall running through the Peninsula district.
has an area of 463 acres; population, 1,900; dwellings, 415; ratepayers, 474; rateable properties, 688; annual rateable value, £12,198; general rate, 1s in the £, struck on the 19th of April, 1898; special rate, 6d; water rate, 5 per cent.; sanitary rate, 6d in the £, drainage rate, 2d in the £. The assets on the 31st of March, 1902, amounted to £2,150; liabilities, £14,833. The Borough Council consists of the Mayor, Mr. J. J. Marlow; and Councillors Thomas S. Culling, C. J. Gore, Gabriel Hodges, William T. McFarlane, Robert Mitchell, W. J. Burke, William Vickery, Thomas Ashton, S. H. Wilson and F. J. Scanlan. Mr. James B. Dick is Town Clark. The first Mayor of the borough was Mr. J. P. Jones, and the following gentlemen have also occupied the mayoral chair; Messrs Caleb Moore, G. T. Clarke, Hugh Gourley, Thomas S. Culling. Robert Mitchell, G. Hodges and Charles J. Gore.
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was first elected a member of the St. Kilda Borough Council in 1883, and served for eleven consecutive years. In 1901 he again became connected with the Council, and in 1903 was elected Mayor, and is now (1904) once more a councillor. Mr. Gore has been a member of the Forbury school committee, the Licensing Committee, and other public bodies for many years. Since 1880, he has been a member of the Loyal Albion Lodge, No. 5283, Manchester Unity, Independent Order of Oddfellows, and at present holds the office of Past Provincial Grand Master. Mr. Gore was born in Melbourne, in 1855, and arrived at Port Chalmers at the age of eight. After a time spent at the William Street school, and Gardner's
, J.P., was born in Lyttelton in 1853, and educated at the Otago Boys' High School. He was elected to the St. Kilda Borough Council in 1892, and, except during absence on a visit to the Old Country, has been an active member of the Council ever since his election. He was Mayor for four years, during which he was instrumental in getting the water supply for the borough Mr. Culling is a member of the Finance Committee, and chairman of the General Committee, and takes an active interest in all matters concerning the welfare of St. Kilda. He has recently presented the borough with a five acre plot of ground, valued at nearly £2,000, which will be used us a recreation ground, and part of it utilised for a bowling green. With Mr. J. B. Gregory, as junior partner, Mr. Culling owns the Mataura Paper Mills, and he is also senior partner in the firm of R. Wilson and Co., merchants, Dunedin. Mr. Culling was married, in 1889, to a daughter of Mr. Edward Grey, of Milton, and has three daughters and one son.
, who represents Musselburgh Ward on the St. Kilda Borough Council, was formerly Mayor of the borough. He is further referred to elsewhere in this volume as a builder, with premises in Main Street, South Dunedin.
was elected to the St. Kilda Borough Council in 1903, and is a member of the Finance Committee. Mr. McFarlane was born in Perthshire, Scotland, in 1855, and came out to New Zealand in 1864, by the ship “Aboukir.” He attended the Union Street school, and was taught by Sir Robert Stout, who was then at the beginning of his career. Subsequently, Mr. McFarlane, engaged in the sawmilling business at Tapanui, where he built up a profitable business. He also took an active part in local affairs, being for several years a member of the Borough Council, and was for four years a member of the Tapanui school committee, and for two years its chairman. Mr. McFarlane has recently erected several houses on land he bought in Musselburgh, and he has also had built for himself a very fine residence on the Queen's Drive, where he spends most of his time. He is a competent judge of horses, and takes great pleasure in driving around and about the city. Mr. McFarlane was married, in 1884, to Miss Campbell, of Hampden, who died in 1896, leaving one daughter.
has been connected with the St. Kilda Borough Council since 1874, and in 1900 occupied the mayoral chair. He was formerly a member of the old Caversham Road Board, and also of the Forbury school committee.
, who was elected to the St. Kilda Borough Council in 1300, is a member of the Finance and General Committees. He was a member of the Forbury school committee for four years.
is one of the oldest members of the St. Kilda Borough Council, and was first elected in 1876. He is at present (1904) serving on the Works and Lighting Committees, and is also a member of the Forbury school committee. Mr. Vickery is a native of London, and arrived in New Zealand in 1875.
has been a member of the St. Kilda Borough Council since 1895, and is at present (1904) a member of the General Committee. Mr. Ashton has served on the Forbury school committee since 1897, and is also treasurer of the St. Kilda Fire Brigade.
was elected to the St. Kilda Borough Council in April, 1904, and is a member of the Works and Lighting Committees. Formerly he served on the, Port Chalmers Borough Council for six years. Mr. Wilson has been treasurer of the Otago Annual Regatta since 1893, and as a Freemason belongs to the Port Chalmers Marine Lodge, No. 942, English Constitution.
was elected to the St. Kilda Borough Council in April, 1904, and serves on the Finance and General Committees. He is also a member of the Tabuna Park Trotting Club. Mr. Scanlan, who is the son of an old colonist, was born in Dunedin in 1867. After his education was completed at the Christian Brothers' School, he entered into business as a general commission agent, and is still engaged in that way.
was appointed Town Clerk, Inspector of Water and Works, and Collector, to the St. Kilda Borough Council, in 1901. He was born in Dunedin, in 1859, and is a son of the late Hon. Thomas Dick, at one time Superintendent of the province of Otago. Mr. Dick was educated at the Dunedin Boys' High School, and subsequently joined the service of the Colonial Bank, in which he continued
South Dunedin is a populous borough about a mile and a half to the southeast of Dunedin city, on what is known as the Flat. Its population has increased since 1891 almost 50 per cent., and when the electric tram system is in operation, it will, no doubt, become even more profitable as a residential borough. A proposition is now (1904) before the ratepayers to widen the Hillside road from its present width of 40 feet to 66 feet, so as to enable a double service of tram lines being laid, to facilitate rapid transit to and from the borough. The Forbury public school, St. Patrick Catholic school, and a convent and orphanage are situated in the borough, which contains, also, the Dunedin City Corporation gasworks, a rope and twine factory, a fruit preserving factory, a box factory, and furniture workshops. There are Presbyterian, Wesleyan, Baptist, and Roman Catholic churches, and Salvation Army barracks; and members of the Church of Christ hold services in the Town Hall. The Borough Council has an endowment of 155 acres on the harbour front, which is leased, in small sections, to ratepayers who desire to build in that quarter. The Town Hall was build in 1902, at a cost of £2,118, and contains a spacious council-room, offices, and strong room. The hall is much used for lectures, dances, and other forms of entertainment, and is centrally situated on the Hillside road, the main business thoroughfare of the borough. There are four licensed hotels in the district, also a volunteer Fire Brigade and station, maintained at a cost of about £60 a year. The streets are well formed, and lighted with twenty-five gas lamps, and the footpaths are asphalted and kept in good order. South Dunedin is bounded on the north by the Cargill road; on the south by Prince Edward, Bay View, and Kennedy roads; on the west by the Forbury road; and on the east by the Anderson's Bay road.
The first meeting of the South Dunedin Borough Council was held on the 13th of January, 1876, with Mr. Nicholas Maloney in the mayoral chair, in which he has had, as successors, Messrs G. Hodges, G. McBride, J. Osmond, William Wardrop, M. Sullivan, H. M. Henderson, E. Osborne, C. Fisher, Thomas Fiddis, Andrew Todd, John Chetwin, and J. B. Shacklock. South Dunedin has an area of 413 acres; estimated population, 6,049; dwellings, 1,305; ratepayers, 972; rateable properties, 1,218; annual rateable value, £25,539; general rate, 1s in the £; special rate, 6d in the £; sanitary rate, 6d in the £; water rate, 6 per cent.; drainage and sewerage rate, 2d in the £. The assets at the 31st of March, 1903, amounted to £4,400 15s 6d; liabilities, £457 7s 1d. Mr. J. B. Shacklock is the present Mayor, and the councillors are Messrs T. Fiddis, A. Knowles, A. Todd, A. Carpenter, A. McIndoe, William Cuttle, H. Henderson, R. C. Proctor, J. E. Offen, James Fleming, J. Dodds, and William Wardrop. Town Clerk, Mr. Donald McKenzie.
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has been a member of the South Dunedin Borough Council since 1883, and is a member of the Finance Committee. At each election he has been opposed, but has always been returned, sometimes by a large majority of votes. He was mayor of the borough in 1899–1900, and at the end of his term of office, was presented by the ratepayers with an illuminated address and a cheque for £50. Before he was connected with the South Dunedin Council, Mr. Fiddis was for four years a member of the Maori Hill Borough Council, and also a member of the Charitable Aid Board. At present (1904) he is on the Licensing Bench, and a member of the Protestant Alliance Friendly Society of Australasia; also a member of the No. 12 Loyal Orange Lodge William Johnson, with which he has been connected since 1868. Mr. Fiddis was born in County Fermanagh, Ireland, but spent most of his early years in Glasgow, where he served an apprenticeship to the painting trade with Messrs Hugh Bogle and Co., painters and glass-stainers to Queen Victoria. After gaining considerable experience in his business, he sailed for New Zealand in 1874, and on his arrival in Dunedin was engaged by Messrs Scott and Smith, with whom he remained for seven months. He was also with Messrs Fish and Sons for a similar period, and in 1876 started business on his own account in Oxford Street, South Dunedin, where he stocks all painters' requisites, and the latest artistic paperhangings. Mr. Fiddis was married, in 1870, and has surviving, a family of four daughters and one son.
was elected to the South Dunedin Borough Council in April, 1903, and is a member of the Water, Gas and Fire Committees.
was elected to the South Dunedin Borough Council in 1900, and is chairman of the Finance Committee. Mr. Todd was Mayor of the borough in 1901.
, who was elected to the South Dunedin Borough Council in April, 1903, is a member of the Finance Committee. He was born in Fleet, Hampshire, England, in 1862, and arrived in New Zealand in 1874. He has been connected with the Dunedin “Evening Star,” as agent, since 1876, and has a stationer's shop on the Cargill Road, where all the latest colonial and foreign magazines and newspapers, Australian publications, novels, etc., are kept in stock. Mr. Carpenter has been connected with Friendly Societies since 1883, and for thirteen years was secretary of the
was elected to the South Dunedin Borough Council in April, 1903, and is a member of the Finance Committee.
, who was elected to the South Dunedin Borough Council in 1903, is chairman of the Works Committee.
, J.P., was first elected to the South Dunedin Borough Council in 1882, and served continuously as such until 1892, when he was elected mayor of the borough. In April, 1903, he was again returned as a councillor, and is a member of the Works Committee. Mr. Henderson was born in Edinburgh, Scotland, in 1846, and spent several years in the building trade in London and Scotland, before coming to New Zealand by the ship “Jessie Readman” in 1874. Soon after his arrival he became associated in business with Mr. James Gore, builder, and remained with him for twelve years. Since 1886 he has been in business on his own account, and has constructed many important buildings in and around Dunedin. Mr. Henderson has taken a keen interest in the welfare of his borough, and has always been ready to give his time and attention to the management of local affairs. He has been a member and chairman of the Macandrew road school committee, and served on the old Caversham Licensing Committee for three years. Mr. Henderson was married in London, in 1872, and has one daughter.
was elected to the South Dunedin Borough Council in 1903, and is a member of the Water Committee.
was elected to the South Dunedin Borough Council in April, 1903, and is a member of the Water and Gas Committes. He is also a member of the Forbury school committee. Mr. Offen was born in Hastings, Sussex, England, in 1865, and came out to New Zealand, with his parents, by the ship “Warrior Queen,” in 1870. He was educated at the Forbury school, South Dunedin, and afterwards spent some time with the firm of Messrs Ferry and Washer, where he learned the plastering trade. While in Greymouth, in 1887, Mr. Offen took the prize as the champion step-dancer of the West Coast, whence he proceeded to Melbourne, where he remained for over four years, gaining considerable experience in the higher branches of his trade. During his residence in Melbourne, he became a member of the Loyal Dalton Lodge, Independent Order of Oddfellows, of Richmond. On his return to Dunedin, in 1892, Mr. Offen started contracting, and since then he has worked on many large buildings and fine residences, keeping a number of men employed, and doing first class work. He has been connected with volunteering since 1884, and is at present (1904) a member of the Dunedin Rifle Club. Mr. Offen was married, in 1889, to a daughter of Mr. George Adams, an old colonist, and has three sons and one daughter
, who was elected to the South Dunedin Borough Council in 1900, is Chairman of the Fire and Water Committee.
was elected to the South Dunedin Borough Council in 1903, and is a member of the Works Committee. Mr. Dodds is also chairman of the Macandrew road school committee.
, J.P., Member of the South Dunedin Borough Council, is fully referred to at page 253, in the Medical Section of this volume.
, Clerk to the South Dunedin Borough Council, was appointed to his present position in August, 1903. Mr. McKenzie was born in Victoria, in 1874, and arrived in New Zealand with his parents in 1880. He was educated in Southland, where he studied for the teaching profession, and later on was appointed master of a school in Southland, where he remained for three and a half years, subsequently resigning to take charge of a school in Hawke's Bay. After two years spent in the North Island, Mr. McKenzie returned to Dunedin to accept a position on the staff of the Port Chalmers District High School, with which he was connected until 1908, when he accepted his present appointment. While in Southland he was keenly interested in athletics, and as a cyclist won several trophies, cups, and medals, and he is also a member of the Manchester Unity, Independent Order of Oddfellows. Mr. McKenzie has patented an arrangement to enable school children to hold their pens correctly; the contrivance is being manufactured by an English firm, who think very highly of it, and samples will, very shortly, be on the colonial market. Mr. McKenzie was married, in 1897, to a daughter of Mr. Robert Crawford, Port Molyneux, and has two daughters.
, Builder, Main Street, South Dunedin. Private residence: Grove Street, St. Kilda. Mr. Hodges was born in 1850, in Somersetshire, England, and arrived at Lyttelton by the ship “Ramsay” in 1870. After two years in Christchurch he came to Dunedin, and started what has since become one of the leading building and contracting businesses in the city. In 1882 he retired from building and farmed at Waitaki for six years. On his return to Dunedin Mr. Hodges resumed the building trade, and since then has erected some large and important buildings, such as the handsome residence of Dr. Closs in George Street, a ward for infectious diseases and a nurses' home in connection with the Dunedin Hospital, Mr. J. B. Thomson's seventeen-roomed residence in Queen Street, the National Bank at Mosgiel, the Wingatui grand stand and adjoining buildings, the Dunedin Amateur Boating Club house, and the Ravensbourne school. Mr. Hodges has always taken a prominent
Caversham is a rapidly growing suburb of Dunedin, and was constituted a borough in 1877. It is situated about two miles from the city, mostly on the flat, and has a population of over 5,000, chiefly engaged in business in Dunedin. The town is supplied with water from the Silverstream, and with gas by a private company. About £15,000 has been spent by the Council in drainage, which will be largely supplemented by the Dunedin Drainage Board, constituted to effectually provide for the proper sanitation of Dunedin and suburbs. The principal business streets of Caversham are the Main South Road, and a part of Hillside Road, while St. Clair and Kew are conspicuous for their beautiful residences, the suburban homes of wealthy Dunedin business men. St. Clair beach is one of the best and most popular seaside resorts around Dunedin, and during the school holidays and on Wednesday and Saturday afternoons, hundreds of children and grown-up people may be seen enjoying themselves on the sands, or in the swimming baths in the lee of the rocks at the western end of the beach. Caversham is well supplied with means of access by train and coach and will shortly (April, 1904) have two lines of electric trams, which will, no doubt, be the means of making the beach even more popular as a place of enjoyment. The town is well supplied with schools, there being four in the borough; namely, Kensington, Caversham, St. Clair, and Macandrew Road schools. Presbyterians, Anglicans, Baptists, Congregationalists, Primitive Methodists, and Seventh Day Adventists have places of worship in the town, which has also a town hall and two fire brigade stations. The Caversham Industrial School, a Maternity Home, a Salvation Army Rescue Home, and a Benevolent Institution connected with the Dunedin Charitable Aid Board, are situated in the borough. The Government Railway Workshops, at Hillside, provide employment for a large number of men. The district has also a match factory, two breweries, quarries, and two steam brick works. The Caversham Brass Band, recently formed, is becoming very popular with the residents, and in order to encourage the military spirit, there are two rifle corps, one of which is a cadet corps.
Caversham is bounded on the north by the borough of Mornington; on the south by the Pacific Ocean and the boroughs of St. Kilda and South Dunedin; on the east by the Dunedin Harbour; and on the west by the county of Taieri.
has an area of 1,079 acres; a population of 5,500; 1,110 dwellings; 830 ratepayers; and 1,083 rateable properties. Its annual rateable value is £35,671. There is a general rate of 1s 3d in the £, and a charitable aid rate of 3d in the £; a Drainage Board rate of 2d in the £;, struck on the 1st of April, 1902; and a sanitary rate of 4d in the £. The borough's assets on the 31st of March, 1903, amounted to £6,919 19s 9d, and its liabilities, including loan, to £30,126 6s 2d. The Borough Council at present (May, 1904) consists of the Mayor, Mr. John Wilson, and Councillors R. W. Rutherford, George F. Burgess, Robert Wilson, Robert Ewing, Walter S. Bedford, William H. Middleton, Thomas Cole, Thomas F. McPherson, Surrey B. Carpenter, William Bridgman James Ruston, and Edward Puddy. Mr. Martin Pearce is Town Clerk. Mr. Robert Rutherford was the first Mayor of the borough, and the following gentlemen have also occupied the mayoral chair: Messrs William Bridgman, Hugh Calder, R. Wilson, William Bragg, J. F. McLaren, T. Cole, J. H. Hancock, Thomas K. Sidey, James Ruston, H. K. Wilkinson, and John Wilson.
, who was elected Mayor of Caversham in 1902, and was reelected in 1903 and 1904, was born in Dunedin in 1867. He is Provincial Grand Master of the Otago district of the Manchester Unity, Independent Order of Oddfellows. Mr. Wilson carries on business in partnership with Mr. Thomas Scott, as Scott and Wilson, manufacturers of venetian blinds, etc., St. Andrew Street, Dunedin.
, J.P., has been a member of the Caversham Borough Council since 1898. He has been chairman of the Finance Committee for many years, and has always taken a great interest in the welfare of the borough. Mr. Rutherford is elsewhere referred to as manager of the New Zealand Wax Vesta Company, Limited.
, J.P., was elected to represent North Ward on the Caversham Borough Council in 1897. He has served on all the committees, and is at present (1904) a member of the Water and Sanitary Committee. He recently manufactured a filtration bed, which has been placed by the council at St. Clair, and has proved a great success in purifying the water used by the borough. Mr. Burgess was born in Cork, Ireland, in 1848, and came out to Melbourne in 1866 by the White Star line ship “Whittington, then on her first
, of the Caversham Borough Council, was Mayor of the borough for the years 1895 and 1896. Mr. Wilson was on the old Caversham Road Board, and is now a member of the Charitable Aid Board, and the local school committee, and has been a trustee of the Benevolent Institution for many years. He is also a Justice of the Peace.
, J.P., who was elected to the Caversham Borough Council in May, 1902, is a member of the Finance Committee.
, of the Caversham Borough Council is also a member of the St. Clair school committee. He formerly served on the Clifton school committee, at Invercargill, where he took an active interest in amateur theatricals. Mr. Bedford carries on business as a merchant tailor in Princes Street, Dunedin, and is more fully referred to in that connection. He was married in 1875, and has four daughters, and one son, who is senior member for Dunedin in the House of Representatives.
was born in Cornwall, England, in 1861, and arrived in New Zealand in 1882. He was elected to the Caversham Borough Council in 1903, and is a member of the Works Committee.
, J.P., who has been a member of the Caversham Borough Council since 1884, is a member of the Finance Committee. Mr. Cole was Mayor of the borough for two years.
was elected to the Caversham Borough Council in 1901, and is a member of the Drainage, Water and Sanitary Committees. Mr. McPherson is a native of Dumfries, Scotland, and came to New Zealand in 1871 by the ship “Jessie Readman.”
was elected a member of the Caversham Borough Council in 1903, and is at present (1904) on the Works Committee. Mr. Carpenter arrived in New Zealand in 1880.
, J.P., who represents Kensington Ward on the Caversham Borough Council, was a member of the original Caversham Road Board, and has been on the Council since its inception. For five years he occupied the mayoral chair, and has been chairman of the Finance, Works and Water Committees, and is at present (1904) serving on the Works Committee. He took a very active part in promoting an efficient drainage scheme, and in securing a plentiful and valuable water supply for the borough. It was largely owing to his efforts that Caversham obtained a good gas supply and a convenient tramway service. He is chairman of the Kensington school committee, of which he has been a member since 1874; and at various times he has been a member of the Domain Board, Benevolent Institution, Harbour Board and the old Gas Committee. Mr. Bridgman was born in Earnstaple, Devonshire, England, in 1830, and at an early age arrived in Melbourne, by the “Arabian,” which was the first ship that took tea into Bristol. He came to New Zealand in 1859 in the s.s. “Pirate,” which was afterwards wrecked on the coast of Tasmania. Shortly after his arrival in Dunedin Mr. Bridgman (as junior resident partner) established a branch leather business for Messrs Peardon and Crooks, which he successfully conducted for some time. In 1861 the partnership was dissolved; the senior partner retiring in favour of Mr. Bridgman, who finally gave the business to Mr. G. P. Farquhar. In 1863 he founded a tannery at Caversham, and later on established a business as a leather merchant in Dunedin. This he still carries on. Mr. Bridgman was married, in 1866, to a Tasmanian lady, and has a surviving family of three sons.
, who represents Kensington Ward on the Caversham Borough Council, was elected in 1892. Since 1899 he has held the office of chairman of the Water Committee, and was previously chairman of the Works Committee. He was also elected Mayor in 1896. Mr. Ruston is a native of Victoria, and came to Dunedin in 1862, by the ship “Blue Jacket.” He was educated at the Middle District school, and afterwards served his time as a machinist, in which trade he is still employed. Since 1892 he has been a member for several terms of the Kensington school committee, of which he was twice chairman, and is at present a member. Mr. Ruston is one of the charter members of the No. 1 Otago Lodge of Druids; he has passed through all the chairs, and is now a Past Arch Druid. He was married in 1882 to a daughter of Mr. J. A. Wilson, an old Maori war veteran, and has three sons.
, who was elected to represent Kensington Ward on the Caversham Borough Council, in 1900, has since that time served on the Finance Committee. He has been a member of the Kensington school committee since 1891, and was for six years on the Licensing Bench of Caversham. Mr. Puddy was born in Somersetshire, England, in 1851, and came to the colony in 1864, by the ship “Aldinga.”
, Clerk, Treasurer, Returning Officer, and Valuator to the Caversham Borough Council since 1879, was born in Woolwich, England, in 1844, and came to New Zealand in 1863 by the ship “Aloe.” Mr. Pearce served through the Maori war,
(Alexander Cowle). Brewers, Maltsters and Bottlers, Coversham Brewery, Main Street, Caversham. Telephone 700; Bankers, National Bank of New Zealand, Ltd. The Caversham Brewery was established by Mr. E. Cochrane in 1878, and was purchased by the present proprietor in 1890. With the exception of the malthouse, the whole buildings were removed and the present new brick brewery erected and newest appliances introduced; the plant has a capacity of fourteen hogsheads. The machinery is driven by a five horse-power Otto gas-engine; the malting-floor consists of a twenty-five-bag steep; and the product of the brewery is known by the “Bull's Head” brand. The bottling department is situated at another part of the main road, in Caversham. A considerable trade is done with the southern part of Otago and throughout Southland.
, the proprietor, was born in Baffshire, Scotland, in 1854; he accompanied his parents to America and Canada, and afterwards, in the early sixties, to Dunedin, where he was educated. He was in the hotel business for upwards of ten years before purchasing the brewery; for eight years of this period he was at Makikihi, Canterbury, and afterwards for about eighteen months at a hotel at Outram. Mr. Cowie is well known as an enthusiastic member of the Dunedin gun club, of which he has been vice-president since its inception. He is also a member of the Dunedin jockey club, and of the Otago cycling club. His services are frequently called into requisition as a starter at cycling sports, foot, and other races. As a pigeon shot he has won dozens of matches and holds the championship of Southland. Mr. Cowie was married in 1876 to a daughter of the late Mr. J. Smith, of Dunedin, and has one son and six daughters.
, David Street, Caversham, Dunedin. This industry, which is the only one of its kind in the South Island, and was the first to start in New Zealand, was established in 1895, in the Government building originally erected for Immigration Barracks; but in 1901, on account of the large increase of business, the present premises were acquired. The buildings, which occupy the greater part of an acre of ground, are of brick, and the floors are composed mainly of asphalt; thus they are as nearly fire-proof as possible. The premises are airy, well lighted, and free from the odour of the ingredients used in the manufacture of wax vestas. Some of the machinery has been made in the colony and some has been imported from Britain, and is of the most modern make obtainable. To make vestas a number of extremely long lengths of cotton, each containing about twenty strands, are passed from a reel on which it is packed, through a trough containing melted stearine and other materials, to a drum. During this time the stearine sets, and the process is repeated a number of times till the requisite condition is acquired. The made taper is then passed to another machine, which cuts it to size and clamps the pieces in frames. They are then dipped in the material which forms the heading, and placed to dry in a drying room. The boxes, both tin and strawboard are made on the premises. About sixty-five hands are employed in the works, and make good wages. Much of the material has, necessarily, to be imported from Europe and Britain, but in every case possible the company gets what it can, such as brown paper, of which a great deal is used, in the colony. The registered office of the company is in Wellington.
, J.P., Manager of the New Zealand Wax Vesta Company, Limited, is a son of Mr. Robert Rutherford, J.P., the first mayor of Caversham, and was born in Glasgow, Scotland, in 1858. He came out to New Zealand with his parents, in 1864, and was educated at the Dunedin High School. Subsequently he engaged in business as a photographer, but retired from that occupation on account of ill-haalth, and entered into business with his father as wax vesta manufacturers, later on turning the business into a limited liability company. Mr. Rutherford has been a member of the Caversham Borough Council since 1898, and is furtner referred to in that connection. He married a daughter of Mr W. Baskett, an old colonist, and has three daughters and one son.
Mornington is noted for its commanding site and magnificent view of the city of Dunedin, the harbour, and surrounding country. It is situated on the hill south-west of Dunedin, from which it is separated only by the width of the Town Belt. There are some handsome residences in Eglinton Road, where several wealthy business men have made their homes. These houses have been built in various styles of architecture, and range in value from £1,000 up to £6,000. The municipal cable tramways are owned by the borough, which has recently acquired them, with the intention of spending, in all, about £40,000 on the system, which will include a long extension to Balaclava. A portion of this line is already let, and another extension runs through the township of Belleknowes. On the tramways at present in use, there is one of the steepest cabletram grades in the world, it being 1 in 3 3/4. The Dunedin Suburban Gas Company supplies the inhabitants of Mornington with gas; and the residents are at present (1904) thinking seriously of requesting the city authorities to connect Mornington with the Dunedin new high-level water supply. The footpaths of the borough are asphalted, and edged with a concrete kerb and channel, and other street improvements are being made by means of a loan of £8,000. Mornington has a public school, and a kindergarten school, and Wesleyan, Anglican, and Presbyterian churches, and two Baptist chapels. There is also a public library, which is supported by subscriptions and Government aid, and the building is owned by the Council. The Mornington Brass Band, of thirty members, and the Mornington Orchestral Society, uphold the prestige of the borough with respect to music. About 200 of the residents of the borough are employed at the Roslyn Woollen Mills, and Napier's boot factory and Lochhead's workshops give a fair amount of employment, but the bulk of the residents are engaged in business in Dunedin. A recreation reserve, managed by the Domain Board, is mostly native bush, and is much used for grazing purposes.
was declared a munictpality on the 12th of May, 1877. It is bounded on the north by the borough of Roslyn; on the east, by the Town Belt; on the west, by Roslyn and Taieri county; and on the south by the borough of Caversham. Mr. William Barr was its first Mayor, and he has had as successors in office Messrs D. L. Simpson, R. S. Nicholson, J. English. Thomas Brown, J. Stansfield, John Grindley, James Scoular, William Wills, H. A. Reynolds, James Horsborgh, Thomas Scott, Francis Anderson, William Dawe, Walter Gow, E. T. Clarke,
,
, who was elected to the Mornington Borough Council in 1903, is a member of the Tramway Committee.
was elected to the Mornington Borough Council in 1903, and is a member of the Works Committee. Since 1894, Mr. Henderson has been an elder of the Mornington Presbyterian church. He was born in Fifeshire, Scotland, in 1855, and arrived in New Zealand in 1879.
, J.P., has been a member of the Mornington Borough Council since 1892, and in 1897 occupied the mayoral chair. He is chairman of the Works Committee, also a member of the Tramway, Water and Lighting Committees. Mr. Anderson is a member of the Ocean Beach Domain Board, and was for some time a member of the Charitable Aid and Hospital Boards. He has been a member of the Loyal Albion Lodge, Manchester Unity, Independent Order of Oddfellows, since 1874. and, for a time, occupied the position of Grand Master of his Lodge. Mr. Anderson was born in the parish of Insch, Aberdeenshire, Scotland, in 1848, and after leaving school served an apprenticeship to the building trade with Messrs Walker and Son, of Colpy. He arrived in New Zealand in the ship “Christian McCausland,” in 1870, and shortly afterwards engaged in the building trade in Southland. In 1873, Mr. Anderson came to Dunedin, where he was engaged in the construction of the University, Grand Hotel, Town Hall, Butterworth's block and several other large buildings, and finally started in business for himself as a builder and contractor. He has been a member of St. Andrew's Presbyterin church since 1874, and an official since 1892. Mr. Anderson was married in Dunedin, to Miss J. Naismith, of Hamilton, Lanarkshire, Scotland, and has three daughters and two sons. One of his sons is a surveyor, and the other a dentist.
, who was elected to the Mornington Borough Council in 1903, is chairman of the General Committee.
was elected to the Mornington Borough Council in 1903, and is a member of the Works Committee. Mr. Dickson is chairman of the Mornington district school committee, of which he has been a member since 1895.
has been a member of the Mornington Borough Council at different periods since 1889, and has also held the office of Mayor. He is at present (1904) a member of the General Committee and the Tramway Committee. Mr. Clarke was a member of the Mornington school committee for fifteen years.
, who was elected to the Mornington Borough Council on the 9th of May, 1904, is a member of the Finance Committee. Mr. Birt also serves on the Mornington school committee.
, who was elected to the Mornington Borough Council in April, 1904, is elsewhere referred to in connection with his business as a brass founder.
, Clerk to the Mornington Borough Council, has been connected with that body since 1883. Mr. Smith was born in Victoria, Australia, in 1856, and arrived in New Zealand by the ship “Omeo.”
. This tramway was originally owned by a company, but is now in the possession of the Mornington Borough Council. The line, which connects the suburb of Mornington with Dunedin, is a very great convenience to the residents of the district it serves, and during the management of Mr. Eunson the company regularly paid a dividend of seven per cent. per annum.
Roslyn was formed into a municipality in 1878, and was divided into Sunnyside, Waverley, Kilgour, and Linden wards. It lies west of the city of Dunedin, from which it is divided by the Town Belt. In addition to being one of the most picturesque and healthy boroughs in Otago, Roslyn has a magnificent view of Dunedin and the harbour. The various steamers passing to and fro, and the yachts engaged in friendly rivalry in the harbour, are all within view of the residents, who can sit in their windows or garden summerhouses, and enjoy a parorama replete with colour, life, and interest. A large part of the Kaikorai Valley lies within the district, which includes in its local industries, the well known Roslyn Mills, with their hundreds of workers and ramous woollen goods. Roslyn has also a fellmongery, a furniture factory, and a factory for the manufacture of flock. The town has endowment reserves in the Waipori survey district, and others in the borough, which are let for grazing purposes; also a recreation reserve in the borough. There are Presbyterian, Baptist, and Wesleyan churches, and St. John's Anglican church, with its two affiliated chapels, St. Albans and the Church of the Good Shepherd. The Kaikorai and Wakari public schools are within the limits of Roslyn; and a public library, managed by trustees, and not under municipal control, is well patronised, and promises to grow into a larger institution. The local volunteer fire brigade, which is subsidised by the corporation, has a station house and a steam fire engine. The Kaikorai Brass Band, which recently won the first prize in the band contest, at Palmerston North, and the members of which gained most of the prizes allotted for individual performances, has its headquarters at Roslyn. Roslyn installed the first electric tramway service constructed in New Zealand; it operates along High Street, and has recently been extended into a portion of Maori Hill. There are also two cable tram services in operation, connecting Roslyn with the city. Roslyn is bounded on the north by the borough of Maori Hill; on the south and west by the county of Taieri; and on the east by Dunedin and the Town Belt.
has an area of 2,000 acres, and a population of 5,000; dwellings, 1,023; ratepayers, 1,019; rateable properties, 1,172. Its annual rateable value is £31,697. The general rate is 1s 6d in the £; lighting rate, 1 1/2d; and the sanitary rate, 3d in the £. On the 31st of March, 1903, the borough's assets amounted to £1,516 17s 9d; liabilities, £3,854 18s 3d. It has twenty-three miles of made streets. The first Mayor of Roslyn was Mr James Kilgour, who has been succeeded, successively, by Messrs A. H. Ross, N. Y. A. Wales, A. C. Begg, R. Chisholm, L. Kemnitz. D. Scott, A. Matheson, John Liddell, Robert Watson, and the present Mayor, Mr. Thomas Mackenzie, M.H.R. The present councillors are Messrs A. C. Begg, G. Calder, D. Dawson, T. Howard, J. Shuttleworth, J. Hunter, J. Wedderspoon, J. Sim, A. McMillan, D. Sutherland, A. Washer, J. H. F. Hamel, Mr. Charles Wedge is Town Clerk.
,
, J.P., has been a member of the Roslyn Borough Council at different periods since 1873. He is elsewhere referred to as a member of the Otago Harbour Board.
who was elected to the Roslyn Borough Council in 1903, is also a member of the Kaikorai school committee.
, who was elected a member of the Roslyn Borough Council, in 1900, was born in Montrose, Scotland, in 1856, and came to New Zealand in 1883. He now carries on business as a jeweller and optician at 24 George Street. Mr. Dawson is also president of the Kaikorai Orchestral Society.
was elected to the Roslyn Borough Council in 1903, and is a member of the Lighting Committee. Mr. Howard is also a member of a special committee which was organised to find ways and means of carrying out several important works in the borough.
was elected to the Roslyn Borough Council in 1900, and is a member of the Works and Finance Committees.
was appointed Deputy-Mayor of Roslyn in April, 1903, and has been a member of the Borough Council since 1897. Mr. Hunter is a member of the Works and Roads Committees.
was elected to the Roslyn Borough Council in 1897, and is a member of the Works Committee. Mr. Wedderspoon was born in Edinburgh in 1838, and was brought up on his uncle's farm at Trinitygask, and educated at the parish shool of that district. He served an apprenticeship to the wheelwright and joinery trade in Perth and Glasgow, and remained in the latter city for seven years. In 1860 he came to Port Chalmers by the ship “Pladda,” and after a considerable time spent in working for various contractors, he accepted, in 1872, the position of factory manager with Messrs Findlay and Co. (now J. Murdoch and Co.), and has remained with that firm ever since. Mr. Wedderspoon is a life director of the Dunedin Caledonian Society, of which he has been president and vice-president. As a bowler, he is an active member of the local Caledonian Bowling
, who was elected to the Roslyn Borough Council in 1889, is a member of the Lighting Committee.
was elected to the Roslyn Borough Council in 1901. He is a member of a Special Committee, and was formerly on the Works and Finance Committee. Mr. McMillan was a member of the Ravensbourne Borough Council for a number of years. He was born in Inverness-shire, Scotland, in 1850, and arrived in New Zealand by the ship “Alpine,” in 1859. He received most of his education in Dunedin, chiefly at Mr. Livingston's school, and was apprenticed to the painting trade, with Mr. H. S. Fish in 1866. After twelve years with Mr. Henry Walden, oil and colour merchant, he accapted the position of traveller for Mr. Andrew Lees, painter and decorator, and oil and colour merchant, and remained with that gentleman for ten years, acquiring considerable knowledge. In 1900, Mr. McMillan established himself in business as a painter, paperhanger, etc., in St. Andrew Street, where he keeps an up-to-date assortment of all painters' requisites. His private address is Littlebourne road, Roslyn. He was married, in 1875, to a daughter of Mr. George Cradduck, of Maidstone, Kent, England.
was elected to the Roslyn Borough Council in 1902. He was born in Elgin, Scotland, in 1849, and was educated at Invergordon and Tain. He was brought up to farming, and came to New Zealand in 1873, in the ship “Dover Castle.” For nine years after his arrival, Mr. Sutherland was engaged in farming and contracting, in the Taieri district, but in 1899 he opened his present business as a grain and produce merchant in High Street Roslyn. Mr. Sutherland was married, in 1884, to a daughter of Mr. F. McIver, and has three sons and two daughters.
was elected to the Roslyn Borough Council in 1902, and is a member of the Lighting, Works, and Finance Committees. Mr. Washer is elsewhere referred to in the Military Section of this volume.
was elected to the Roslyn Borough Council in 1903, and is a member of various sub-committees. Mr. Hamel is secretary of the Otago Chess Club.
, Clerk to the Roslyn Borough Council, has occupied that position since 1882. Before coming to the colony, in 1880, Mr. Wedge was a mine manager and surveyor in the Old Country.
Maori Hill was declared a municipality in 1876; before that it was included in the Halfway Bush district. The south and east wards are the only parts of the borough that are thickly populated, the west and north wards being chiefly bush and dairying land. The Water of Leith runs through north and east wards, and the portion comprising these two wards is generally known as the Leith Valley. Large areas within the borough are reserved for watersheds for the city of Dunedin waterworks, and the Ross Creek reservoir is situated in West ward. The Dunedin Corporation is (1904) about to build a new reservoir near Waitati Saddle, also a new service reservoir in south ward, at the top of Driver's road. At present the city of Dunedia is drawing a temporary supply of water from Morrison's Creek. The well known Nicol's Creek waterfall is in north ward, and is a great attraction to the lovers of the picturesquely rugged, and the beautiful in nature. The corporation of Maori Hill owns a large reserve in the Waipori district, and several reserves in the Leith Valley belong to the Government. The borough has several fine buildings, including Bishop Nevill's house, and St. Mary's Orphanage; it also contains the Otago Golf Club's house and links, the Leith Valley school, and Anglican, Baptist, Presbyterian and Wesleyan churches. Maori Hill's local industries include the Otago paper mills, the Dunedin City Corporation quarries, two private quarries, and a sawmill. The Roslyn electric tram service has extended its operations along High Street as far as the Maori Hill Council Chambers; and that portion of the borough has an electric light service, the other wards being lighted by gas lamps. Maori Hill is bounded on the north by Waikouaiti and the borough of North East Valley; on the south by the borough of
has an area of 3,700 acres, and a population of 1600; dwellings, 350; ratepayers, 382; and rateable properties, 402. Its annual rateable value is £12,429, and there is a rate of is in the £. The borough's assets on the 31st of March, 1903, amounted to £494; and its liabilities to £2,700. Mr. George Mitchell was the first Mayor, and his successors have been Messrs Robert Church, Peter Pilkington, Daniel Brent, William Aitken, John Pollock, William Robertson, George Butler, and Mr J. L. Passmore, the present Mayor. At present (1904) the councillors are: Messrs G. S. Butler, George Crowther, P. Pilkington, Joseph Smith, Nicol Booth James B. Booth Anders Aaskoy, Thomas Long, and A. J. Butterfield. The Town Clerk, Mr. Charles Grater, has his office at 6 Exchange Court, Princes Street, Dunedin.
, was returned at the election of April, 1904, by a majority of nineteen. He was first elected to the Maori Hill Borough Council in 1897, and, with the exception of two years has occupied a seat on the council ever since. Mr. Passmore is referred to elsewhere in this volume as managing director of Donaghy's Rope and Twine Company, Limited.
, the Senior Member of the Maori Hill Borough Council, has served on the council continuously since 1895, and is a member of the Works Committee. He represents the South Ward, and was a candidate for the Mayoral chair at the election of April, 1904, when Mr. Passmore was returned by a majority of 19. Mr. Crowther was born in Hobart, Tasmania, in 1857, arrived in Oamaru in 1869, in the “Freetrader,” and came down to Dunedin shortly afterwards in the small steamship “Wallace.” He served an apprenticeship to the bootmaking trade, chiefly with Messrs Sargood, Son and Ewen, with whose firm he remained for fourteen years; and since 1897 he has been engaged at Mr. J. H. Clarke's boot factory. Mr. Crowther has been Vice-Grand Officer of the Hand and Heart Lodge, Manchester Unity, Independent Order of Oddfellows, of which he has been a member since 1879. He was a member of the old South District Rifles, Green Island, in 1874, has also been connected with the North Dunedin Rifles, and was for nine years a member of the Kaikorai and Naval Brass Bands. Mr. Crowther was married, in 1877, to a daughter of Mr. Peter Sherwin, of Frederick Street. Dunedin, and has a family of three sons and three daughters. His eldest son, Mr. Francis Crowther, occupied a leading musical position with a theatrical company that toured through New Zealand in 1904.
has been connected with the Maori Hill Borough Council at various times since its inception, and was at one time Mayor of the borough.
has been a member of the Maori Hill Borough Council continuously since 1895, and is on the Finance and Works Committees. Mr. Smith was born in County Wicklow, Ireland, in 1861, and arrived in New Zealand in 1881.
was elected to represent West Ward on the Maori Hill Borough Council, in 1902, and is a member of the Works Committee. Mr. Booth was born in Dunedin in 1868, and educated at the George Street school, and also at Waikato. For a few years he was associated with his father in dairy farming, but subsequently came to Dunedin and apprenticed himself to the carpentering trade with Mr. H. Abbott, of Mornington, with whom he remained for three years, after which he was with Messrs Crawford and Watson, builders. For the last few years Mr. Booth has been in business for himself, as a carpenter and contractor. He was married, in 1894, to a daughter of Mr. James Cowan, of Waitati, and has three sons and one daughter.
has been a member of the Maori Hill Borough Council since 1898. Mr. Booth carries on business as a dairy farmer and contractor at Leith Valley.
was first elected to the Maori Hill Borough Council in 1882, and served continuously for fifteen years. At present (1904) he represents North Ward, and is a member of the Works Committee. Mr. Aaskoy was born in Slavveg, Denmark, in 1851, and was brought up to farming, but afterwards learned the blacksmithing trade. He arrived in New Zealand from Hamburg, in 1872, in the ship “Palmerston,” and after his arrival was employed on the railway in the Taieri district. In 1877 Mr. Aaskoy started dairy farming at Pine Hill, and remained there for five years, before removing to Upper Leith Valley, where he had bought about 112 acres of land, mostly bush, which he started to clear, and has now about sixty acres of good grazing land, suitable for sheep. He is also a contractor. Mr. Aaskoy is a member of the Leith Valley school committee, and also a member of the Dunedin Dairy Association. He was married, in 1875, to a daughter of Mr. H. Scheel, of Copenhagen.
was elected to the Maori Hill Borough Council in 1903. He is a member of the Leith Lodge, Independent Order of Oddfellows, Mr. Long has always taken a great interest in football and cycling.
was elected to represent South Ward on the Maori Hill Borough Council in 1903, and is a member of the Works Committee. Mr. Butterfield was born in Dunedin in 1876, and received his education at Timaru, and at various public schools in Dunedin. For a few years he was engaged in agricultural pursuits with his father in the Taieri district, but owing to misfortune they returned to Dunedin, where Mr. Butterfield, senior, bought a cabinetmaking and chair factory in St. Andrew Street, and his son joined him to learn the business. After three years spent with Messrs Brundell and Hayward, Mr. Butterfield was again with his father, and in July, 1902, took over the business on his own account. At the Christchurch Exhibition, in 1901, he was awarded a special gold and silver medal for his exhibit
was first elected to a seat on the Maori Hill Borough Council in 1894, and occupied the mayoral chair from 1902 till 1904. He has also been chairman of the Leith Valley school committee since 1892. Mr. Butler was born at Woodstock, near Melbourne, Australia, in 1860. His early days were spent in agricultural pursuits at home, and on arriving in New Zealand, in 1881, he took up about forty acres of land in the Upper Leith Valley, and engaged in dairy farming and contracting. As a Freemason, Mr. Butler belongs to Lodge St. John Kilwinning, Scottish Constitution, and he was one of the original members of the Loyal Valley Lodge, Manchester Unity, Independent Order of Oddfellows. Mr. Butler was married, in 1884, to a daughter of Mr. John Hardie, of Dunedin, and has a family of four sons and six daughters.
, Clerk to the Maori Hill Borough Council, was appointed to that position in 1893. Mr. Grater is a Fellow of the New Zealand Auditors and Accountants' Association, and a member of the Hand and Heart Lodge, 4358, Manchester Unity, Independent Order of Oddfellows.
North East Valley is separated from the city of Dunedin on the north eastern boundary of the latter, only by the Botanical Gardens. On the north and north-west it is bounded by the county of Waikouaiti, on the east by the borough of West Harbour, and on the south, by Lake Logan and Pelichet Bay. The earliest settlers in the district were Messrs John Duncan, James Leckie, David Anderson and James Strain, some of whom settled in the valley in the early fifties, and still reside there. Though there are but few acres of level land within the borough, it has gained considerable popularity as a residential suburb, and farming, especially in connection with the dairying industry, is carried on more extensively than in any of the other suburbs. North East Valley has, also, tanneries, dye works, fellmongeries, rug and mat manufacturies, a brick kiln, two steam laundries, and a stone quarry—all in full swing. Glenroy, Glenaven, and other small townships within the borough have recently been cut up and offered for sale, and the sections have been eagerly bought and quickly built upon. The Town Hall is a commodious three-storey brick and plaster building, situated on the main road, and the borough has two public schools—the Main School and the Upper Junction School. The last-named was opened for the benefit of the children of the farmers, who reside some distance from the township, and is situated high on the hills near the northern boundary. The Presbyterians, Anglicans, Baptists, and members of the Church of Christ have places of worship within the district, which has a post, telegraph and telephone office. Street lighting is provided for by means of gas bought from the Dunedin City Corporation, and drainage is controlled by the Dunedin and Suburban Drainage and Sewerage Board. Communication with the city is well provided for by the electric tramway service, which now runs as far as Normanby.
was proclaimed a borough in October, 1877, and Mr. Isaac Green was its first Mayor. The borough has an area of 3,980 acres, and a population of 4,160. The rateable values amount to £21,411; and there is a general rate of 1s 2d in the £, a special levy of 6d in the £ to provide interest on borough loans, and also a drainage rate of 2d in the £; all on the annual letting value of property. In 1903 the system of dividing the borough into wards was abolished, so that each member of the council now represents the total area of his borough. The Council elected in April, 1904, consists of the Mayor, Mr. John Campbell, and nine councillors; namely, Messrs Isaac Green, Thomas Short, Duncan McGregor, William King, Colin Macandrew, James Wilson, William Brittenden, Jonathan Rhodes, and Robert Ferguson. The Town Clerk, Treasurer, and Borough Engineer is Mr. Theodore Arnold, J.P.
, was
, J.P., A member of the North East Valley Borough Council, is one of the oldest, ablest and most trusted public men in the North East suburb. He was a member of the Road Board which was the first governing body in the district, became its chairman, and held that position till the road district was merged into the county of Waikouaiti. Mr. Green was then immediately returned to represent his riding in the Waikouaiti County Council, and retained his seat till the proclamation of the borough of North East Valley, in 1877, when he was elected the first Mayor. Mr. Green has held a seat on the Borough Council almost continuously since its inception, and has been four times Mayor. He was born at Hayes, Middlesex, England, in July, 1847. Mr. Green spent several years at the late Mr. Forest's school, at Harlington, and in 1855 he left, in company with his parents, by the barque “Dunedin,” for New Zealand, arriving in January, 1850. He completed his education at the East Taieri school under Mr. James Waddel, and afterwards went to live in North East Valley, where he has ever since been engaged in the dairying industry. His property consists of about 105 acres, and embraces a portion of his father's original farm. Mr. Green was elected a member of the committee of the North East Valley main school as early as 1869, and continued to hold his seat till 1893, having occupied the position of chairman several times. In that year the Upper Junction school district was formed, and on the election of its committee he took office as chairman. He held that post for three consecutive terms, and has since done excellent work for the school district as an ordinary member of the committee. For many years he has been a member of the local lodge of Freemasons. Mr. Green has for several years represented Mornington, Roslyn, Maori Hill, and North East Valley on the Dunedin Ocean Beach Domain Board, and has been a member of the Dunedin Hospital and Charitable Aid Board. He is married, and has a family of four sons and one daughter.
, J.P., who has been a member of the North East Valley Borough Council since its inception, was previously a member of the North East Valley Road Board for several years, and occupied the mayoral chair for a term. Mr. Short is a son of the late Mr. Hugh Kinghorn Short, a merchant tailor, of Edinburgh, and was born in March, 1842, at St. James' Square, Edinburgh. He was educated at the world-famed George Heriot Hospital, and in 1856 was apprenticed to the carpentry trade under Messrs William Clarkson and Son, a well known Edinburgh firm of builders. Early in the sixties he sailed in the ship “Prince Consort” for Brisbane, and after following his trade there for about twelve months he entered the employment of the Australian Steam Navigation Company as a carpenter. For three years he was employed in the company's vessels trading on the Queensland coast, and during that period he landed at many spots—then mere villages—which have since grown to be large and prosperous towns; and he visited the site of the present city of Townsville before a single house was erected there. Mr. Short came to Dunedin in February, 1867, and after spending twelve months on the Switzers diggings he took up his residence in the North East Valley, and has since followed his trade as a building contractor. Mr. Short has been a member of the North East Valley Main School committee for about thirty years, and for several years held the office of chairman, and laid the foundation stone of the new school. He was one of the first residents of the borough to enter the Masonic Order, and has been a member of the Hand and Heart Lodge in the Manchester Unity Independent Order of Oddfellows for about thirty-four years. Mr. Short was married in March, 1871, to Miss Isabella P. Short, fourth daughter of the late Mr. Robert Short, who for thirty years was Chief Clerk in the Government
, J.P., has been a member of the North East Valley Borough Council for about fifteen years, and has twice filled the mayoral chair. He was a member of the North East Valley licensing committee for about three years, and is at present (1904) one of the oldest members of the Upper Junction school committee, of which he has several times been chairman. Mr. McGregor was born in May, 1856, in Perthshire, Scotland, and came to Otago by the ship “Robert Henderson” in 1858. He gained some tuition at the North East Valley public school, and completed his education at Waitati, under the late Mr. Porteous. After serving an apprenticeship as a blacksmith in Dunedin he removed to Port Chalmers, and carried on his trade on his own account for about ten years. Mr. McGregor took up land at North East Valley in the early eighties, and has since been engaged in the dairying industry. He pays particular attention to the rearing of Ayrshire cattle, and has carried off many prizes at the metropolitan and other shows. He is president of the Dunedin and Suburban Dairymen's Association. Mr. McGregor is married, and has two sons and two daughters.
, who was elected to the North East Valley Borough Council, in 1903, was born in May, 1846, in Berkshire, England. He came to Port Chalmers in 1875, in the ship “Waimate,” and carried on business until late in the nineties, when he retired from trade. Mr. King has been twice married, and has a family of five sons and three daughters.
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, who serves on the North East Valley Borough Council, is referred to at page 161 of this volume, as secretary of the Otago School Commissioners.
, who is referred to in the Masonic Section of this volume, was elected to the North East Valley Borough Council in March, 1903, and is a member of the Works and General Committee.
, who has been a member of the North East Valley Borough Council since 1901, was born in Deal, in the county of Kent, England, in September, 1852, and came to Dunedin in 1889.
, who holds a seat on the North East Valley Borough Council, was first elected to that body in April, 1903.
, who was elected to the North East Valley Borough Council in January, 1904, was born in Ayrshire, Scotland, in 1851, and came to New Zealand in 1875. He has represented the workers of Otago and Southland on the Conciliation Board for many years, is one of the oldest members of the Otago Trades and Labour Council, a member of the Otago Workers' Political Committee, and a prominent member of the Lodge Loyal Albion, 5283, in the Manchester Unity Independent Order of Oddfellows.
, J.P., Town Clerk, Treasurer, Engineer, Valuer, and Returning Officer to the North East Valley Borough Council, became Inspector of Public Works to the Council in 1876, and was appointed to the combined offices he now holds in 1892. As a proof of the valuable services Mr. Arnold has rendered, and of the high estimation in which he is held in the borough, it need only be mentioned that in 1902, when he was offered the joint offices of Town Clerk and Surveyor to the Borough of Linwood, Christchurch, to which position he had been appointed, the ratepayers of North East Valley immediately waited on their Council by means of an influential deputation, and largely signed petition, asking that the Town Clerk's services should be retained. The Council accordingly gave Mr. Arnold a fixed tenure of office for five years, with an increase in salary of £100 a year, and thus induced him to continue in its service. Mr. Arnold was born at Guernsey, one of the Channel Islands, in 1853, and is the second son of the late Mr. Julius Arnold, barrister and solicitor, and notary public, of that place. He was brought to New Zealand at the age of twelve, and completed his education at Konen's High School. He has since acquired a large experience in civil engineering, has served several public bodies with credit to himself, and engaged in extensive public works, such as railway bridges, harbour works, viaducts, etc. He is president of the Missionary Executive of the Associated Churches of Christ in the South Island of New Zealand, president of the North East Valley Literary Society, Past Representative of the Grand Master of the Protestant Alliance Friendly Society in the South Island, and is the Worshipful Grand Chaplain of the Scotch Constitution of Freemasons, New Zealand South. Mr. Arnold also is president of the Young Men's Christian Mission, and as the conductor of the elocutionary class in connection therewith, has been the means of bringing out some capital platform speakers.
, J.P., who was Mayor of the Borough of North East Valley for 1903–4, was first elected to the Borough Council in 1892, when he took his seat as senior member for East Ward. He represented that ward till 1897, when he was elected to the mayoral chair. On the expiration of his term he retired from public life, and did not seek re-election till 1902, when he was returned unopposed to fill an extraordinary vacancy for East Ward. In 1903 he was elected Mayor, defeating the other candidate, an ex-mayor of the borough. Both of Mr. Evans' terms as mayor have been unusually eventful periods, and the able and conscientious manner in which he has discharged his onerous duties has won for him universal goodwill in the borough. Mr. Evans was born in October, 1862, in Dunedin, and was educated at the High Street, Halfway Bush, and North East Valley public schools. He was apprenticed at an early age to the bootmaking trade, but soon after left it to learn upholstering in the firm of Messrs North and Scoullar (now Messrs Scoullar and Chisholm). with whom he remained four years. In 1882 he took up work in the country, but in the following year he returned to town, and has since been continuously engaged at his trade in the firm of Messrs A. and T. Inglis, of George Street. Mr. Evans was for some years a member of the Otago Trades and Labour Council, and
, (William Begg), Sheepskin, Mat and Rug Manufacturers. North East Valley. This firm was founded by the late Mr. John Begg, who established a factory as early as 1884 at Sawyers' Bay. Two years later, the firm having property in the North East Valley, removed into its present premises. The factory consists of a spacious three storey iron, brick and wood building with several annexes. The raw material—consisting of sheepskins, bought in the local markets—is stored in the annexes, and is removed as required into the ground floor of the main building. There the pelt is changed into leather, the wool dyed, and the whole skin stretched and dried. It is then removed to the first floor, where the final processes of mat and rug manufacturing take place. A number of girls and young women are constantly employed in scissoring the skins into various sizes and artistic designs, covering the pelts, and finally trimming the mats and rugs for parlour use. The factory throughout is very conveniently arranged, and is equipped with the most modern requirements for the trade. The firm of Messrs John Begg and Co. has long beer renowned for the high quality of its manufactures, and the whole of its large output finds a ready sale within the colony and neighbouring states.
, Founder of the firm of Messrs John Begg and Co., was born in Falkirk, Scotland, in 1845, and was trained as a currier and tanner. He landed in Dunedin in 1879, spent a short time with a local firm of tanners, and then started a business in the North East Valley for the preparation of shoe leather. This he conducted till 1884, when he founded the firm of Messrs John Begg and Co. Mr. Begg met his death at Purakanui, Otago, in November, 1903, through a boating accident, whereby his third son also lost his life in a gallant attempt to rescue his father. He left a widow and a large family to mourn their loss.
, Senior Partner in the firm of Messrs John Begg and Co., was born in May, of the early seventies, and is the eldest son of the late Mr. John Begg. He was educated at various public schools in and around Dunedin and at the University of Otago, and was trained under his father to the rug and mat manufacturing business. In 1902 Mr. Begg went Home, and after travelling through the British Isles, he accepted an appointment with a firm of rug and mat manufacturers near London. He had scarcely, however, got settled in his new position when he learned of the unfortunate accident at Purakanui, and had at once to return to New Zealand. Since that date Mr. Begg has occupied his father's place in the firm of Messrs John Begg and Co., and has bent the whole of his energies to the management of an extensive and prosperous business.
, Quarry Proprietor, North East Valley. Mr. Calder is one of the sons of the late Mr. David Calder, and was born in Caithness-shire, Scotland. When three years of age he accompanied his parents to New Zealand in the ship “Mariner” in 1849. In his earlier years he was engaged in dairy farming, but subsequently became a contractor, and for twenty-five years he has been proprietor of the North East Valley stone quarry. In this industry he employs twenty-five men, with a similar number of horses and carts, and two stone crushers, driven by steam. The stone is of exceptional quality, and is extensively used in road making and building. Mr. Calder has always taken a leading part in the affairs of his district and has been (with a short intermission) for over thirty-five years a member of the North East Valley school committee, and chairman for two terms. He was a member of the old road board previous to the formation of the borough of North East Valley, and he was a member of the Borough Council, and occupied the Mayor's chair for two years. As a volunteer, Mr. Calder served in the South
, “Hazelbank,” North East Valley. Mr. Anderson is the only surviving son of the late David Anderson, who is noticed in the Old Colonists' section. He was born in the North East Valley, and studied farming for a few years in Canterbury. In 1892 be returned to Dunedin, and since then he has carried on his present farm. Like his father, he has taken an active part in local politics. He was a member of the North East Valley Borough Council for seven years, and Mayor in 1901, during the visit of their Royal Highnesses the Duke and Duchess of Cornwall and York. As a Freemason he is a Past Master of Lodge 662, Scottish Constitution. He is also a Past Chief Ranger in the Order of Foresters, Court Pride of Leith, and a Justice of the Peace. Mr. Anderson was one of the promoters of the Dunedin and Suburban Dairymen's Association, and a member of the executive.
, Dairy Farmer. Watts' Road, North East Valley. Mr. Hamilton is a native of Scotland. He was born at the village of Larkhall, about sixteen miles from Glasgow, in 1875, and was educated at the neighbouring township of Overtown. As a lad Mr. Hamilton was trained to fruit growing and farm work, and, on reaching his majority in 1896, he sailed for New Zealand, landing in Port Chalmers in the month of April. During the three ensuing years he gained experience of colonial farm life at Gore, and in 1899 he removed to North East Valley, where for a similar period he was engaged partly in dairying and partly with Messrs Pryor Brothers, coal merchants. In 1901 Mr. Hamilton joined a brother in partnership to take over the dairy business of Mr. N. Gordon, of the newly-formed township of Glenroy, and, under the style of Messrs T. and N. Hamilton, they engaged in the dairying industry. Two years later the junior partner withdrew, and after Mr. Thomas Hamilton had conducted the business alone for a few months, the property known as “The People's Dairy” was sold by Mr. Gordon. Mr. Hamilton's present farm is situated on the north-western side of the valley in Watts' Road, and has an area of seventy-one acres. It is devoted entirely to dairying, and milk is delivered daily to a large connection in the Valley.
(Tom Lewis, proprietor), North East Valley. These two farms, which adjoin each other in the upper part of the borough, have a total area of 312 acres; “Warwick” 112 acres, and “Glenburnie” 200 acres. “Warwick Farm” is cleared, stumped, and subdivided into about a dozen paddocks, and about a third of its area is annually under cultivation “Glenburnie,” an the other hand, stretching to the summit of the Pine Hill and Mount Cargill range, is for the most part unimproved, more than half of its area being densely wooded. The two properties are devoted entirely to the dairying industry, and the young stock and cattle other than milch cows are grazed at Merton, in the county of Waikouaiti, where Mr. Lewis holds a further 200 acres of excellent grazing country. There is a private residence on each of the properties, but the permanent homstead is situated on “Warwick Farm,” near one of the main public roads of the district. It is one of the best equipped homesteads in the borough, and, apart from the residence of the proprietor, comprises a commodious and well built byre, 40 feet by 80 feet—to be further enlarged—with accommodation for forty cows, a concrete-floored milk room, with spring water laid on, and a set of boilers near at hand; a six-stalled stable, and other conveniences. The machinery used upon the estate represents a very large outlay, and every implement is of the very best make. Mr. Lewis's herd of milch cows consists of about sixty pure-bred Ayrshires, and is renowned all over the Australasian colonies; many of its members have won valuable trophies at the metropolitan and neighbouring agricultural exhibitions. All these animals have been reared upon the property, and were bred from such illustrious stock as “Ayrshire King,” “Baron of Ayr,” “Marquis of Ailsa,” and “Baron Drumlanrig.” The famous Ayrshire bull, “Hold-fast of Nether Craig,” recently imported from Home by the New Zealand Government, is now (1904) temporarily in Mr. Lewis's charge. The young stock from the herd is highly valued by cattle breeders in all parts of the colony, and commands very high prices. For over fourteen years Mr. Lewis has held the contract for the supply of milk to the Dunedin Hospital, and he also has a very large private connection in the city.
, Proprietor of “Warwick Farm” and “Glenburnie,” was born in Warwickshire, England, in May, 1868, and was educated in his native place. He arrived in Dunedin in 1883, in company with his father, Mr. Thomas Henry Lewis, who is still associated with him, and twelve months after his arrival took up his present estate. Mr. Lewis was for several years a member of the Otago Agricultural and Pastoral Society; for over fourteen years a member of the committee and secretary of the Waitati Agricultural and Pastoral Society; and he is frequently selected as a judge of Ayrshire cattle at the various local agricultural exhibitions. For several years he has been a member of the executive of the Dunedin and Suburban Dairymen's Association. He has been a member of the Upper Junction school committee for about nine years, and has been twice its chairman.
(John Buttar, proprietor), North East Valley. Mr. Buttar was born in Forfarshire, Scotland, in 1841, and is a son of the late Mr. Buttar, for some years a teacher, but latterly a farmer in Forfarshire. He was educated and brought up to farm life in his native village, and afterwards spent about five years in shepherding in Aberdeenshire. In 1868 Mr. Buttar sailed for Port Chalmers. He spent the first year after his arrival on Mr. Donald Reid's estate at the Taieri, and then joined a survey party. In this capacity he assisted in the laying-out of North East Valley, and in 1870 he took up a portion of his present property and commenced farming. In addition to “Woodlands,” Mr. Buttar has an extensive holding in the county of Waikouaiti. Both properties are systematically farmed, chiefly in connection with the dairying industry. Mr. Buttar was married, in 1870, to Miss A. McPherson, and has a family of three sons and one daughter.
, so named from its situation on the western side of the Otago harbour, is bounded on the south by the city of Dunedin, on the west by the North-East Valley, on the north and north-west by the county of Waikouaiti, and on its eastern boundary by the waters of the Otago harbour. The district has a rugged surface, and but little level ground. A small proportion of the population is engaged in farming, but the district is noted chiefly as a popular residential borough for city business people, and all along the shore is flecked with pretty villages. Of these the chief is Ravensbourne, which is the seat of the Council Chambers, and is regarded as the chief town of the district. It is situated at the eastern end, stretches from the seashore far up the hillside, and possesses a large public school, several churches, a commodious railway station, a town hall, and several representative commercial establishments. Northward, the other townships are Rothesay, Burke's, St. Leonards, Sawyers' Bay and Roseneath, each with its railway station and group of pretty villas. The main interprovincial railway line runs along the foreshore, and the trains, passing to and fro, stop at frequent intervals in the district to pick up and let down passengers, luggage and mails; a good metalled road runs parallel to the railway line; and the harbour, itself always smooth, offers favourable means of communication with neighbouring districts and the city.
is divided into four wards; namely Ravensbourne, Rothesay, St. Leonards and Sawyers' Bay. It has an area of 1670 acres, and a population of 1500. There are 640 rateable properties in the borough with 480 ratepayers, and the total annual value is £9,111 10s. The borough taxes consist of a general rate of 1s in the £ on the rateable value, and a special levy of an equal sum to provide interest on the borough loan, which is now (1904) £9450. West Harbour was proclaimed a borough on the 20th of October, 1877, and Mr. Thomas C. De Lacy, the earliest settler, was the first to occupy the mayoral chair. The office has since been filled, successively, by Messrs David Blackie, Norman Wood, John McNeil, David Young, William Hodgkins, William Barclay, Thomas Ross, A. W. Maurais, Charles Duke, D. H. Hastings, H. E. Moller, S. T. Bolton, and F. G. Cray, the present Mayor. The borough council at present (1904) consists of the Mayor, Mr. F. G. Cray, and Councillors John Winton, C. W. George and D. Larnach, representing Ravensbourne Ward; A. Duncan, W. T. Barker, and S. T. Bolton, Rothesay Ward; Martin Pryde and S. G. Smith, St. Leonards Ward; Alexander Jack, senior, and James Curle, Sawyers' Bay Ward. Mr. A. W. Maurais is Town Clerk.
,
has represented the ratepayers of Ravensbourne on the West Harbour Borough Council for five terms, his first election dating as far back as the early eighties. He was born in Inverness, Scotland, in 1840, and is a son of the late Mr. William Winton, one of the earliest farm hands in the West Taieri district. He came to Otago, with his parents, by the “Philip Laing” in 1848, and afterwards took up contract work in Southland. In 1857 he returned on foot to Dunedin, and for several years was engaged in cutting firewood in the West Harbour district. Mr. Winton subsequently spent nearly twenty years in the Government service, in the survey department, being engaged for the most part in field work in Otago and Canterbury. He traded for a few years between Port Chalmers and Dunedin, and next engaged in the fish curing business at Ravensbourne, and in July, 1898, abandoned this to establish a restaurant in the Octagon. Five years later Mr. Winton took over his present premises in Stuart Street, known as the Edinburgh Al Dining Rooms and Temperance Hotel. The building, which is of two stories, is situated opposite the Supreme Court and within a few yards of the tram line. It possesses about twenty-six rooms. The ground floor contains the kitchen, dining room, parlour, a private sitting room, and the proprietor's private living rooms; whilst the first floor possesses about eighteen bedrooms, and the bathroom, which has hot and cold water laid on. Under its present management this establishment has gained an excellent reputation, and is now well patronised. Mr. Winton is a member of the Ravensbourne Lodge of Druids, and is also connected with the Salvation Army in Dunedin. He was married, in 1861, to Miss Elizabeth Sim, a native of Scotland, who arrived in Otago, with her parents in 1858, and there is a surviving family of nine children. On the 30th of November, 1868, Mr. Winton acted a very meritorious part in connection with a boat accident near Black Jack's Point. While a party of six young men were proceeding to Portobello, their boat was overturned in a squall. Two were drowned, but the prompt and judicious action of Mt. Winton, in enlisting the services of some fishermen, ended in saving the other four, who, after being brought to land, were considerately tended at Mr. Winton's house, which was in the neighbourhood.
has been one of the representatives of Ravensbourne Ward on the West Harbour Borough Council, for about five years. He was born in Melbourne, in 1859, and is a son of Mr. E. C. George, who was well known for many years in the building trade in Dunedin. He came to Otago when three years old, was educated at the Middle District school, Dunedin; and was afterwards apprenticed as a carpenter and joiner under the firm of Messrs Guthrie and Larnach. Mr. George subsequently commenced business on his own account, but later on he entered the employment of Messrs Foster and George, a popular firm of builders and contractors, in which his eldest brother is a partner. Since 1896 Mr. George has been a member of the Ravensbourne public school committee.
, J.P., one of the members for Ravensbourne Ward on the West Harbour Borough Council, was Town Clerk of the West Harbour Borough from 1888 to 1899. Mr. Larnach is one of the most active public men in Ravensbourne, and is a member of many local bodies. He is a nephew of the late Donald Larnach, banker, London, and cousin of the late Hon. W. J. M. Larnach, of The Camp, Peninsula, Otago, and is further referred to in the Social Section of this volume.
, who has represented Rothesay Ward on the West Harbour Borough Council for several years, is a carpenter by trade. He is a native of Scotland, and arrived in New Zealand in the early eighties.
, who represents Rothesay Ward on the West Harbour Borough Council, was born at Milton, in 1865, and trained to the bootmaking trade. He has been employed in the firm of Messrs Sargood, Son and Ewen for many years, and is president of the Dunedin Operative Bootmakers' Union.
, one of the members of the West Harbour Borough Council, was first elected to a seat on that body in 1880, and has since
, one of the representatives of St. Leonards Ward on the West Harbour Borough Council, was born at Woodhaugh, near Dunedin, in May, 1868. His father, for many years a miller, commenced farming early in the seventies at Anderson's Bay, and there Mr. Pryde was educated. He worked on his father's farm until he was twenty-one, when he settled at Green Island. He was employed at the Milburn lime and cement works, at Walton Park, until 1892; was afterwards engaged for a time as a driver for Messrs Thompson and Bridger, of Dunedin; and later on leased property for dairying purposes in the Waitati district. In February, 1897, Mr. Pryde bought his present farm of forty-two acres at St. Leonards, and has since been engaged in the city milk supply trade. He is a member of the Dunedin and Suburban Dairymen's Association. Mr. Pryde is married, and has two sons and two daughters.
, who represents St. Leonards Ward on the West Harbour Borough Council, was born at Stratford-on-Avon, England, in 1849, and came to New Zealand in 1864. Mr. Smith has been engaged in a variety of occupations, and is at present (1904) an agent for the Government Life Insurance Department.
, one of the representatives of Sawyers' Bay on the West Harbour Borough Council, was born in Glasgow, Scotland. He was educated at the famous George Heriot Schools, in Edinburgh, and was afterwards apprenticed to the joinery trade. About 1874 he came to Dunedin, and for many years conducted business as a cabinetmaker at North East Valley; but in the early nineties he took up his present employment as a joiner in the Union Steam Ship Company's workshops at Port Chalmers. As a Freemason Mr. Jack is a member of Lodge St. John Kilwinning No. 602, Scottish Constitution. He was married, in 1870, to Miss Bain, an Orkney lady, and has a family of four sons and four daughters. Two of his sons hold responsible commercial positions, and one of his daughters has distinguished herself by carrying off a scholarship at the Otago Girls' High School.
, who has represented Sawyers' Bay on the West Harbour Borough Council for about two years is a son of the late Captain David, Curle, and was born in Glasgow, Scotland. He arrived in Otago as a child, and was educated at Port Chalmers, and has since devoted himself to farming. On the death of his parents, in 1899, Mr. Curle became sole owner of his present property at St. Leonards, and he took over a farm of 200 acres in Southland, formerly conducted by his only brother, who was accidentally killed while working on his property.
, who was appointed Town Clerk to the West Harbour Borough Council in May, 1899, has resided in the borough for over twenty years. For fourteen years he served the ratepayers as a councillor, and in 1893 he occupied the Mayoral chair. Mr. Maurais is also returning officer, and inspector under the Public Health Act for the West Harbour Borough. He is further referred to in the Ecclesiastical Section of this volume.
, who was Mayor of West Harbour for the years 1899 and 1900, is one of the most energetic and popular men of that district. He became a member of the Borough Council in 1890, and retained his seat till his election as Mayor nine years later. Mr. Moller was born in Dunedin in 1870, and is the second son of the late Mr. Carl Moller, one of the earliest Danish arrivals in Otago, and founder of the firm of Messrs C. Moller and Sons, jewellery manufacturers, engravers and die-sinkers, of the Octagon. He was educated at Ravensbourne public school, and was afterwards apprenticed to Messrs Kemnitz and Nicholson engravers and die-sinkers, of Dunedin. He remained there for thirteen years, and then became a partner in the firm of Messrs C. Moller and Sons, adding the engraving and die-sinking branches to the business. In November, 1903, his eldest brother retired into private life, leaving him as senior partner
, (James Palmer, proprietor), Logan's Point, West Harbour. This quarry is situated on the railway line near the southern boundary of the borough of West Harbour, and contains about twelve acres of hillside land, filled with first class blueslone. It was first opened, in the early seventies, by Mr. David Proudfoot, to provide ballast for the Dunedin-Port Chalmers railway line, then under construction, and, on the completion of that contract, was worked successively by several local contractors. In 1880 it was acquired by its present proprietor, and the work of excavating and crushing the metal has since been vigorously and systematically conducted. Large quantities of dynamite are used in blasting the rock, and 10,000 tons of metal are frequently dislodged at a time. Two large stonecrushers are kept continuously working at high pressure, and from these the metal, ready for use, falls into railway trucks, which are brought into position by means of a siding, constructed for the purpose. Twenty-two men are employed at the quarry, and the daily output is about 120 tons. The metal is conveyed by rail to all parts of the province, and large quantities have also been shipped to England and other parts of the world.
, Proprietor of Logan's Point Quarry, was born in London in 1835, and was there educated and apprenticed to engineering. In 1853 he sailed for Victoria, Australia, and after practising his profession for a short time in Melbourne, went to try his fortune on the Ballarat goldfields. He remained there only a short time, and in 1835 sailed for New Zealand. Immediately on his arrival he opened up a large estate on the Ruatanwha Plains, in the North Island, and was for some years engaged in its management. Mr. Palmer then came to Dunedin, and after spending about twelve months on the Tuapeka diggings was appointed manager of the Otago Foundry, of which he subsequently became proprietor; and for several years he conducted the foundry and the quarry. In the early eighties, however, he disposed of the foundry, and has since devoted himself exclusively to the management of the quarry. For some time Mr. Palmer was a member of the West Harbour Borough Council and of the local school committee. He is married, and has a family of three sons and five daughters.
has an average attendance of 200 pupils. Mr. G. W. C. Macdonald is headmaster, and Miss C. E. Little, mistress. There are two pupil teachers, and an assistant master and assistant mistress.
, B.A., Headmaster of the Ravensbourne Public School, was born in 1859, at Ararat, Victoria. He was educated at Hamilton and Melbourne, matriculated at Melbourne University, was trained as a teacher under Mr. Gladman, and gained a trained teacher's certificate. After serving several years in Victoria, Mr. Macdonald came to Otago in 1883, and was appointed first assistant at Albany Street school, Dunedin. Since his arrival in New Zealand he has kept terms in connection with the Otago University, and taken the B.A. degree. Mr. Macdonald was acting headmaster at the Oamaru North school during the absence of Mr. James Lindsay on leave, and was afterwards for several jears master of the Otepopo school at Herbert, whence he was transferred to Ravens-bourne. He was twice president of the Oamaru branch of the Educational Institute, was a vice-president of the Otago branch, and was a member of the North Otago Mounted Rifles from the formation of the corps, and lieutentant after 1896. Mr. Macdonald is a lover of cricket, and when a member of the Oamaru Cricket Club played with the first eleven.
, General Storekeeper, Ravensbourne. Mr. Barclay is referred to in another article as a member of the Otago Harbour Board.
, in the county of Waikouaiti, is a small settlement in the Otago Harbour, lying seven miles northeast by rail from Dunedin, and within one mile of Port Chalmers. Its modern name, Glendermid, has not yet become popular; its first name was derived from the many sawyers working in the bush in earlier days, and its last from the sawmilling carried on more recently by the late Mr MacDermid. The chief industry of Sawyers' Bay is the large tannery of Messrs Michaelis, Hallenstein, and Farquhar, which is described and illustrated elsewhere in this volume. A portion of the district is within the borough of West Harbour. The township has a post and telegraph office, railway station, and a public school.
was established to supply the children of the district with primary education, and it is needed, though Port Chalmers is only about a mile distant. There is an average attendance of over ninety children.
, who is Headmaster of the Sawyers' Bay School, was born at Waikouaiti in 1868, and educated at Hyde, Central Otago. His pupil-teachership of four years was served at Otepopo, and after fifteen months at the Normal school, Dunedin, he gained the E certificate, and at the same time matriculated and obtained also a D certificate. In 1887 Mr. Flamank became headmaster of the North Otago Heads school, and held the position until the school was closed about eighteen months later. He afterwards served for six years in a similar position at Ngapara school. In March, 1894, he was appointed first assistant
is situated nine miles north of Dunedin by railway, and about eight miles fom the ocean or head of the harbour; 229 miles from Lyttelton on the north, and 164 miles from the Bluff on the south. The first birth recorded in the town was that of a son born to Mr. and Mrs Lewthwaite, who came from Taranaki in 1844. Early in 1845 Mr. Alexander McKay opened the first public house, to which he gave the name of the Surveyor's Arms. It was on the same site as the later and present Port Chalmers Hotel.
The survey of Port Chalmers, difficult enough wing to its irregular surface, was completed by the middle of May, 1846. Mr. Charles Henry Kettle, who arrived in Otago in February, 1846, was one of the first surveyors of the town, and commenced his work shortly after his arrival. He had eleven surveyors under his direction, and he also took soundings of the harbour, with a view to buoying it for navigation.
At first it was intended to christen the town New Leith or New Musselburgh, as the early settlers disliked the Maori name Koputai, by which it was then known; but the Lay Association, when finally applying itself to the settlement of Otago, desired that the port might be named after Dr. Chalmers, the leader of the Free Church movement in Scotland, and this suggestion was adopted. The streets of the town carry the names of the first immigrant vessels; hence Wickliffe, Laing, Victory, Bernicia, Mary and Ajax Streets. Scotia Street was named after Mr. John Jones' favourite little schooner, which was always trading up and down the coast. Harrington Street was named in compliment to the Secretary of the New Zealand Company; this gentleman is also commemorated in Harrington Point, near the Heads. Currie Street perpetuates the name of one of the New Zealand Company's directors who took a special interest in the scheme. Burns Street was named after the Rev. Thomas Burns, the minister of the settlement; George and Grey Streets, after the Governor of New Zealand, Sir George Grey.
The first of the immigrant ships, the “John Wickliffe,” arrived at Port Chalmers on the 23rd of March, 1848, and was followed on the 15th of April, of the same year, by the “Philip Laing.” Work in abundance was waiting for the colonists, as at that time the place was nearly all bush; and the labour of clearing was commenced in earnest. The “Nelson” of 220 tons, was the first steamer to visit the Port, in 1854, and was subsequently engaged in the coastal trade.
On the 1st of January, 1854, the population numbered eighty souls. On the outbreak of Gabriel's Gully, a rush from Victoria and other Australian towns took place, and a quantity of bush in the vicinity of Grey Street was felled to make room for the erection of tents. Late in the fifties the Customhouse was robbed, and the safe, containing about £900, was carried down the bay, but was afterwards recovered in deep water, where the thieves had thrown it on finding that they were pursued. Mr. Colin Allan was the first master of the district school, and on his retirement he was apoipnted Immigration Agent. The attendance in September, 1857, was thirty-one; in September, 1861, thirty-five. Mr. Allan was succeeded, in 1861 by Mr. William Reid, who subsequently gave place to Mr. Chilton. During the latter gentleman's tenure of office there were 700 scholars on the roll. The induction of the Rev. William Johnstone, as minister of Port Chalmers and the north, took place in 1858, and was the first formal induction in Otago. In the
The Bowen pier was the first wharf built; it was followed by the Export pier, and, later, the George Street wharf. At the present time (1904) ships of any tonnage can lie alongside the wharves, perfectly sheltered from the strongest winds, and uninfluenced by the tides. Before the dock was built, and in the old days, there was a depth of water sufficient to enable coasters to heave down at high water mark to repair, paint, etc.; a conveniences which few harbours could then boast of. In those days the Port was a noted whaling station, and a pilot crew had quarters at the Heads, where there was also a Maori settlement. Before a wharf or jetty was erected the ships used to anchor in the stream, and the cargo was transhipped to lighters, and taken up to Dunedin. The means of transit between the Port and Dunedin, before the railway was built, consisted in two paddle boats, the “Golden Age,” and “Peninsula.” On the 1st of January, 1873, the railway connecting the two towns was opened for traffic by the Governor, Sir George Bowen. This line was purchased by the General Government in March of the same year, for £177,500. The railway between Christchurch and Dunedin was finished in August, 1878.
The Port Chalmers of the present day is a thriving little town, with a population of over 2,000, and an annual municipal revenue of £4,000. There are two railway stations, an upper and lower, conspicuous for their cleanliness, and along the wharves there are laid lines of rails to facilitate the loading and unloading of large ocean cargo steamers. Two large Home steamers and two Union boats can be accommodated at the George Street pier; four light vessels at the Bowen pier; and a light Home steamer and several hulks at the Export pier. The Port Chalmers Graving Dock, controlled by the Otago Dock Trust, was built by the Provincial Government in 1872. Its dimensions are: Depth of water at dock sill, ordinary tides, 19 feet 6 inches: spring tides, 21 feet; neap tides, 17 feet 6 inches; length, 328 feet; width above, 68 feet; width below, 41 feet; width where the ship's bilge would be, 43 feet; width at dock gates, 50 feet. The dock cost £50,000. The Dock Trust controls a workshop with forge, and a seven-ton hammer; also sheer-legs capable of lifting eighty tons. The forge and worts hops have been leased to Messrs Stevenson and Cook. The Trust also controls the freezing works, which were established in 1899, with the object of freezing butter for export. Latterly, however, the operations have increased, and rabbits, poultry, eggs and fish are treated, as they are in demand, for the foreign trade. About 50,000 cases of rabbits were put through in 1903. Port Chalmers is the starting point for all intercolonial steamers on their return voyage, whilst the large Home liners make it a port of call for cargoes of frozen produce, and the facilities the Port possesses enable them to have rapid despatch.
About half a mile from the town, on the road leading to the Heads, is Mansford town, a small fishing village; while further on is the torpedo station, situated in a sheltered nook, known as Deborah Bay. There is a fairly level road round the north side of the harbour, suitable for cyclists in summer, but a little sandy near the Heads, though still suitable for horse and trap traffic. Two roads connect Port Chalmers with Dunedin, an upper and lower; but the former is too hilly and the latter too broken for cyclists. No-license was carried in 1902, and most of the hotels have been converted into boarding houses. The chief industry in the town is connected with the Union Steamship Company's workshops, where Hundreds of skilled artisans are employed in repairing and renewing the numerous steamers sailing under that company's flag. Fish-curing provides employment for a number of deep-sea fishermen. There is a good Presbyterian church on the hill, and there are Anglican, Congregational, Wesleyan, and Roman Catholic churches, and a Salvation Army hall. The town has a District High School, a Roman Catholic school, a new Technical School, and several private kindergartens. It has a company of the Permanent Artillery, and the Garrison Artillery Volunteers. There are two banks, a dairy factory, gas works, two cemeteries, a recreation reserve, two fire stations, a brass band, salt water bath, and a Mechanics' Institute; the latter is supported by subscriptions, and receives a small subsidy from the Government.
Port Chalmers is bounded on the north by the Beach road; on the west, by the county of Waikouaiti; and on the south and east, by the harbour.
, which is in the county of Waikouaiti, was made a municipality on the 9th of April, 1866, and a borough in 1884. It is divided into four wards—High, East, Middle and South. The first mayor of the borough was Mr. Daniel Rolfe, and the following gentlemen have also occupied the mayoral chair: Messrs Thomas Taylor, E. G. Allen, M.H.R., J. Watson, junior, John Mill, H. McDermid, A. McKinnon, H. Dench, William Murray, M. M. Innes, John Thomson and David A. De Maus. The borough has an area of 335 acres; population, 2,235; dwellings, 495; ratepayers, 520; rateable properties 576. The rateable annual value is £12,262. There is a ganeral rate of 1s 3d in the £, struck on the 1st of April, 1904; sanitary rate, 6d in the £; water rate, 7 per cent. The assets on the 31st of March, 1903, amounted to £1,058 9s 10d; liabilities, £80 10s 5d. Mr. David Alexander De Mans is the present Mayor, and the councillors are Messrs G. Barker, W. Gibb, D. M. Mawson, G. Edgar, John McPherson Henry Grimsey, J. Tait, A. Cable, J. Shanks, junior, and Alex. Clark. Mr. Alex. Leck is Town Clerk.
,
, was elected to the Port Chalmers Borough Council, in 1903, and is a member of the Works Committee. He was born in the west of England, in 1855, and came out to Nelson by the ship “Caroline,” in 1877. After two years spent with his brother at Wairarapa, he moved to Wellington. He is a member of Cargill Kilwinning Lodge of Freemasons, No. 632, Scottish Constitution, and has been connected with All Nations Lodge, 172, Ancient Order of Druids since 1892. Mr. Barker was married in Melbourne, in 1888, to a daughter of Mr. T. White, of Port Chalmers, and has one son and one daughter.
was elected to the Port Chalmers Borough Council in 1903, and is a member of the Works, Lighting and Sanitary Committees. Mr. Gibb was born in Dysart, Fifeshire, Scotland, in 1874, and came out to New Zealand with his parents when taree years of age in the ship “Waipa.” He was educated at the Port Chalmers District High School, and subsequently served an apprenticeship to the painting trade with the Union Steamship Company. Mr. Gibb was for four years caretaker and treasurer of the Port Chalmers Presbyterian Church. He is an enthusiastic member of the Port Chalmers Bowling Club, and has also taken a prominent part in the temperance movement, being secretary of the Port Chalmers branch of the United Temperance Reform Council. Since 1891 Mr. Gibb has been a member of the All Nations Lodge, 172, Ancient Order of Druids. He was married, in 1897, to a daughter of Mr. W. Rouse, an old resident of Port Chalmers.
, who was elected to the Port Chalmers Borough Council in 1903, is a member of the Finance, Cemetery and Reserves Committees. Mr. Mawson is also a member of the committee of the Mechanic's Institute, and was for two years its secretary and treasurer.
has served continuously on the Port Chalmers Borough Council since September, 1896, and is chairman of the Works, Lighting and Sanitary Committee. In former years Mr. Edgar took an active interest in volunteering, and was for a long time a member of the B Battery, New Zealand Artillery Volunteers, Dunedin, resigning with the rank of sergeant-major; and was subsequently a lieutenant in the Port Chalmers Naval Artillery volunteers. Mr. Edgar was born in Dunedin, in 1866, and was educated at the Albany Street school. He afterwards served an apprenticeship to the engineering trade with Messrs Reid and Gray. Since 1899, he has been in the employment of the Union Steamship Company as a mechanical engineer at the company's workshops in Port Chalmers. At the time of the Combined Trade Rowing Tournament, in 1886, Mr. Edgar was one of the winning crew, in the four-oar race, when twenty-eight crews competed for that championship. He has also been a member of the Zingari Football Club, and as a bowler won the Champion Cup for 1892–93, and the president's prize for 1883–4, at the Port Chalmers Bowling Club's rinks. Mr. Edgar was married, in 1892, to a daughter of Mr. H. Swinerd, of Dunedin.
was first elected to a seat on the Port Chalmers Borough Council in 1890, and served for two years. On Mr. John Stevenson's retirement from the Council, in 1904, Mr. McPharson was elected to fill the vacancy. He is a member of the Works and Sanitary Committee. Mr. McPherson was born in the West of Scotland in 1859, and served an apprenticeship to the carpentering trade in Glasgow, with Messrs Napier and Son, builders and contractors. After a period of three years spent in a seafaring life, during which he saw a good deal of the world, Mr. McPherson arrived in New Zealand in 1882, and found employment at the Union Steamship Company's works, in Port Chalmers, where he has remained ever since. Mr. McPherson was married, in 1889, to a daughter of Mr. A. Muir, of Dunedin, and has three daughters and three sons.
was elected to the Port Chalmers Borough Council in 1903, and is a member of the Water, Baths and By-Laws Committee. He is a Past Grand officer of the Loyal Prince of Wales Lodge, 5254, Manchester Unity Independent Order of Oddfellows, and was for a time a member of the District High School committee.
was first elected to a seat on the Port Chalmers Borough Council in 1897, and has served continuously ever since. He is at present (1904) a member of the Finance Committee. Mr. Tait was born in Glasgow, Scotland, in 1864, arrived in the colony in 1878, and was for a time engaged in agricultural pursuits. After a short time spent in Dunedin with Messrs Findlay, Murdoch and Co., and at
, who has been a member of the Port Chalmers Borough Council since 1898, is chairman of the Water, Baths and By-Lams Committees. Mr. Cable is a member of the Otago Dock Trust, and secretary of the Port Chalmers Progressive League.
, Junior, has been a member of the Port Chalmers Borough Council continuously since 1898, and is now (1904) chairman of the Finance and Reserves Committee. He has always taken a keen interest in the welfare of the borough. Mr. Shanks was born in Port Chalmers, in 1862, and comes of an old family of colonists, his grandmother, Mrs Mary Williams, having arrived in New Zealand in the ship “Philip Laing,” in 1848. He was educated at the Port Chalmers Grammar School, and served an apprenticeship with Messrs Thomson Brothers, ship chandlers and provision merchants, with whom he remained for twenty years. Mr. Shanks was subsequently foreman for the Otago Dock Trust and Freezing Company, and in 1892 accepted his present position as accountant with Messrs William Gardner and Co., engineers. As a Freemason, he is secretary of the Marine Lodge, 942, English Constitution, Port Chalmers. Mr. Shanks was married, in 1888, to a daughter of the late Mr. James Whitelaw, of Wishaw, Scotland, and has four sons and two daughters.
was elected to the Port Chalmers Borough Council in 1903, and is a member of the Water, Baths, and By-Laws Committees. Mr. Clark was barn in Dunedin, in 1887, and was educated at the William Street and Arthur Street schools. After several years' apprenticeship to the plumbing trade, with Messrs Clark and Thomson, Ducedin, he removed to Port Chalmers, and entered the employment of the Union Steamship Company as a ship-joiner, an occupation which he still follows. Mr. Clark is a member of the Dunedin branch of the Amalgamated Society of Carpenters and Joiners, and was for many years an active member of the Alhambra Football Club. He is a Past Grand officer of the Loyal Prince of Wales Lodge, 5254, Manchester Unity Independent Order of Oddfellows, Port Chalmers, and has been connected with that institution since 1893. Mr. Clark was married, in 1893, to a daughter of Mrs M. Osborn, an old resident of Port Chalmers, and has three sons and one daughter.
has been Clerk to the Port Chalmers Borough Council since the 1st of January, 1879. Mr. Leck has long been a member of Court Robin Hood, 3391, Ancient Order of Foresters, and has passed through all the chairs of his court. He was born in Glasgow, and arrived at Port Chalmers in 1862, by the ship “Sevilla.”
, J.P., who was Mayor of Port Chalmers on three occasions, has been prominent in every movement for the advancement of the borough. He has for over thirty years been a Justice of the Peace, and was on the first executive of the Port Chalmers Mechanics' Institute. He has served on the local school committee for twenty-seven years, and has been several times its chairman. Mr. Mill was a member of the Otago Harbour Board for six years, and also served on the Hospital and Charitable Aid Board. He takes an interest in athletics, and is president of the Port Chalmers rowing, football, and tennis clubs. Mr. Mill has been an honorary member of the Order of Oddfellows for twenty years, been Junior Warden of the Port Chalmers Marine Lodge of Freemasons, and has been connected with the Ancient Order of Foresters since 1863. He is further referred to in connection with the business firm of John Mill and Co.
is situated on the main line, eight miles north of Dunedin. It is a wooden building, with two waiting rooms and an office. About nine trains, including the express from the north, stop at this terminus.
, Stationmaster at the Upper Port Chalmers Railway Station, was born in Waikaia, Southland, in 1882, and educated at public schools in Lumsden, Mosgiel, Outram, Balclutha and Dunedin. He was with the New Zealand Loan and Mercantile Agency Co., at Balclutha for a year. In May, 1898, he entered
was established in 1873 to take the place of the Mechanics' Institute formerly used as a school house. It was originally known as the Port Chalmers Grammar School, but when the Government of New Zealand became centralised, the school was renamed. It is situated high up on the hill in a westerly direction from the town, and is a spacious stone building, of one storey, built in Gothic style, and surmounted by two battlemented towers. There are in all twelve rooms in the school, with accommodation for over 600 pupils. The walls inside are plastered, and are handsomely decorated with attractive and instructive maps and pictures. A brass plate, suitably inscribed and mounted on carved oak, has been placed in the senior classroom by old scholars, in memory of four former pupils of the school who fell in the South African war. The playground, though not extensive, is well asphalted, and conveniently appointed. A valuable technical school, situated about 100 yards from the main building, has two classrooms, each fitted up in a most elaborate and convenient manner. Port Chalmers is fortunate in possessing a school which affords instruction not only in primary and secondary school subjects, but also in shorthand, typewriting, and bookkeeping, and in such technical subjects as wood-work and cookery. At present (1904) the number on the school roll is 480, and the average attendance, about 430. The teaching staff consists of the Rector. Mr. James Kennie, B.A., B.Sc., two male assistants, five female assistants, and four pupil-teachers.
, B.A., B.Sc., Rector of the Port Chalmers District High School, is a native of Meston, Cheshire, England. He was born in 1858, and was educated in Victoria, where, in 1873, he entered the teaching profession. After serving his apprenticeship he was trained under Mr F. J. Gladman, and subsequently taught in various parts of Victoria. In 1882 he came to Dunedin, was for two years and a half second assistant master of the Port Chalmers District High School, and for ten years first assistant of the Caversham school. During the latter period he attended the Otago University and graduated B.A. and B.Sc., and in 1895 he was appointed to his present post. Mr. Rennie identifies himself with almost every phase of active life, and takes an active part in matters of public interest.
dates from the days of the early settlement of Otago, in 1848, when the Rev. Thomas Burns conducted services as opportunity offered and held them in a room in the old Port Chalmers Hotel, which stood on the site of the present hotel of that name. As the population in those days was small, the services were attended by persons of all denominations. In 1851 some of the residents in Port Chalmers took steps to have a church built. Appeals were made in the surrounding districts and in Dunedin, and the First Church congregation generously contributed nearly £100. A contract for the building was let in 1852; Mr. Daniel Macandrew was the contractor, and the church was opened on the 17th of October, 1852, by the Rev. Thomas Burns. Most of the elders and deacons of First Church attended the opening services, and the collections taken at the door in aid of the building fund amounted to £18. The building was of wood; it had a shingled roof, a small square wooden tower above the entrance, and there was seating accommodation for 150 persons. At first the inside of the church was plain and unpretentious; the walls were innocent of lining, and the seats consisted of scantlings, and boards resting on bundles of shingles; a large packing case, covered with black merino, did duty for a pulpit. Although the church was built as a Presbyterian house of worship, it was freely given to ministers and laymen of other denominations, and the late Mr. Charles Logie, Collector of Customs, who arrived at the end of 1853, used to read the Church of England service and a sermon, when no minister of his church was able to visit Port Chalmers. At first services were conducted by Mr. Burns once in six weeks, and at other times, during his absence, by Mr. Colin Allen. At a meeting held in March, 1858, it was urged that the Port should be disjoined from Dunedin and formed into a separate charge, owing to the increase in the population of the town and district. The Presbytery cordially agreed to sanction the constitution of the district under the designation of the Church of Port Chalmers and The North. The Rev. William Johnstone was inducted as first minister of the new church in June, 1868; and of the first roll of membership Captain Thomson is now (1904) the only survivor. At first there was no manse at the Port, but in July, 1858, the managers bought the present glebe, and contracts were let for the improvement of the dwelling to be used as the minister's house. Unfortunately, shortly after the improvements were completed the house was destroyed by a bush fire. About 1871 the Church Court, feeling that sufficient support had been given by the congregation, promised to undertake the building of a new church in stone, with accommodation for 300 persons. The work was carried out at a cost of £1300, Mr. N. Y. A. Wales being the architect; and the new church was opened for worship in January, 1872. In 1876 a further addition in the shape of a gallery was built, in order to provide necessary accommodation. About that time the minister's health began to fail, and after a severe illness he passed to his rest in August, 1881. He was succeeded by the Rev. John Ryley in the same year. Again the matter of increasing seat accommodation engaged the attention of the office bearers, with the result that the foundations of the present church were laid, and the new building was opened for service by Dr. Salmond in November, 1883. The church is a handsome building, in blue stone with white facing, and capable of accommodating 750 persons. It cost about £7000. Mr. Ryley resigned in 1892, and was succeeded by the Rev. Henry Adamson, who also resigned three years later. The pastorate remained vacant until 1896, when the call was accepted by the Rev. E. C. Tennent, of Stawell. Victoria.
, Minister in charge of the Presbyterian Church at Port Chalmers, was born in Rio de Janiero, and educated at Queen Elizabeth's College,
at Port Chalmers is a stone building with seating accommodation for 225 persons. A very handsome stained glass window, depicting the crucifixion, adds to the appearance of the interior of the church, and there is a good pipe organ. A Sunday school, with an attendance of about ninety scholars, adjoins the church. There is a good manse, but owing to its distance from the church, it is not now used by the vicar.
, M.A., Vicar of the church of Holy Trinity at Port Chalmers, was born at Farnham Royal, Bucks, and educated at Marlborough College, and at New College, Oxford. He obtained his B.A. degree in 1872, and M.A. in 1876, and in 1873 was ordained by the Bishop of Ely. Mr. Kewley's first charge was North Hill, Bedfordshire, and he subsequently ministered for two years at Spezzia, Italy. For five years he was vicar at St. Mark's, Capetown, curate-in-charge and vicar of the Cathedral, Pretoria, for eight years; and was for two years curate of All Saints, Maritzburg. He arrived in New Zealand, in 1897, and has had charge of his present church since 1899.
claims to be the oldest European Wesleyan Church in Otago. Mr. W. Morris, Welsh Methodist and local preacher, arrived in 1852 or 1853, and at once commenced services. In 1885 a site was purchased, on which a small building was erected, and the same year the first public school in the Port, was started in this building, and Church of England services were also occasionally held there. Subsequently the church was enlarged and improved, but the congregation outgrew it, and it was resolved to build a new one. This was successfully undertaken, and the present church, erected at a cost of £700, was opened in January, 1864. Twenty-eight years later improvements involving £385 were effected. The parsonage adjoins the church.
, M.A., Minister in charge at Port Chalmers, is the son of a Methodist pioneer of South Australia. He was educated at Prince Alfred College, and at the Melbourne University, where he obtained his B.A. and M.A. degrees. After twenty-two years' work in South Australia, he was transferred to New Zealand in 1897
, M.B., C.M., Edin., Gray Street, Port Chalmers. Dr. Borrie is the second son of the late Mr. John Borrie, and was born in Dunedin in 1871. He was educated at the Southland Boys' High School, the Otago University, and the Edinburgh University, and graduated in 1894. For three years he practised in various parts of England, and in 1899 he returned to New Zealand to start his present practice.
, Surgeon Dentist, corner of George and Mount Streets, Port Chalmers, Mr. Cook was born in Port Chalmers, in August, 1880, and is the eldest son of Mr. John Cook, sometime superintending engineer for the Union Steam Ship Company, and at present a partner in the firm of Messrs Stevenson and Cook, of the Maori Ironworks, Port Chalmers. He was educated at the Port Chalmers District High School. In October, 1895, he was apprenticed to Mr. J. P. Armstrong, surgeon dentist, of Dunedin, and four years later went to Timaru, where he spent some months under Mr. Scott. In March, 1902, Mr. Cook left for South Africa as a corporal in the medical staff of the Ninth Contingent, but returned in August of the same year. A few months later he qualified as a surgeon dentist, and in May, 1903, established his present practice. His surgery is situated on the second floor of a two storey wooden building in the heart of the town, and the surgery, waiting room, and a laboratory are well furnished throughout.
, Stevedores and Shipping Agents, Beach Street, Port Chalmers; branches at the Bluff, Dunddin, Oamaru, Timaru, and Wellington. This is one of the largest businesses of its kind in New Zealand. Some times more than 500 men are employed by the firm; the stores and general equipment of the business could not be excelled, and the management is characterised by a thoroughness which guarantees consistent attentiveness to the interests of the firm's customers. In addition to its extensive stevedoring and shipping agency business, the firm is agent at Dunedin, Port Chalmers and Oamaru, for the Greymouth-Port Elizabeth Railway and Coal Company, and it also does a large trade in coal generally. Each branch of the business is under the control of a competent manager, and is so well supplied with all necessary appliances that the firm can compete with assured auccrsa with any other company of stevedores in New Zealand. The business at its headquarters and all its branches is under the general superintendence of Captain James Mill the eldest son of the owner. Captain Mill served his apprenticeship as a mariner in the City Line and with the New Zealand Shipping Company. He took his master's certificate when he was twenty-six years of age, and retired from the sea to take an important position in his father's linn.
, Principal of the firm of John Mill and Co., was born in Fifeshire, Scotland, and arrived at Port Chalmers, in 1862, by the ship “Sarah Anne.” At first he joined the pilot service, under Captain Thomson, but after three years of that employment he decided to enter business on his own account. Accordingly he brought from Messrs Robison and Co., the only stevedoring business then carried on at Port Chalmers. It was then a small concern, but with the increase of trade at the Port, and Mr. Mill's unvarying attention to the interest of his customers, the business has become one of the largest in the colony. Mr. Mill is elsewhere referred to as a former Mayor of Port Chalmers.
, Commission Agent, Port Chalmers. Mr. Thomson is one of the
, General Draper, George Street, Port Chalmers; 159 George Street, and 24 Lower Rattray Street, Dunedin; private residence, Bellevue, Port Chalmers. Mr. Watson began business at Port Chalmers in 1875, and now employs about thirty assistants at Port Chalmers and at his branch shops in George Street and Lower Rattray Street, Dunedin. In addition to being thus extensively engaged as a general draper and outfitter, Mr. Watson is a large exporter of frozen rabbits. In this connection he trades as Cowan and Co., at Port Chalmers and Mataura, and keeps two first class graders employed in the important work of receiving, packing, and shipping. Mr. Watson is referred to in another article as a member of the Otago Harbour Board.
, Cabinetmaker, Upholsterer, and Undertaker, George Street, Port Chalmers. This business, which was established in 1894, has continued to hold its own against all competition, and has increased yearly in all its branches. The two-storied premises are of wood, with workshops at the rear. In the showroom there is an excellent collection of turniture, representative of every kind of manufacture. In one place are suites, in another bedsteads, and in another chairs, tables, chests of drawers, etc. The woods used in the factory are principally rimu (red pine), white pine, kauri, honeysuckle, cedar from Australia, Huon pine from Tasmania, and American timbers. High class furniture is made on the premises, and all undertaking requisites, hearses, etc., are kept
was born at Sawyers' Bay, in 1864, and educated at the Port Chalmers District High School, and at the Sawyers' Bay school. He served an apprenticeship with Messrs North and Scoullar, furniture and cabinetmakers, and after nine years in Melbourne, opened his present business in 1894. Mr. Manning has been a member of the All Nations Lodge, 172, United Ancient Order of Druids, since 1894. He was married, in 1885, to a daughter of Mr. William Grover, an old colonist of Sawyers' Bay, and has two sons and one daughter.
, Plumber, Tinsmith, Ironmonger and Sanitary Engineer, Beach Street, Port Chalmers. This business was established in 1890, and has grown to considerable dimensions. A large stock of plumbers' requisites and general ironmongery is always kept on hand, and skilled workmen are employed in preparing the fittings, plumbing and tinsmith work which the shop turns out. The premises consist of a one-storey brick building with three workshops in the rear, fitted up with the latest tools, screwing machines, and all the plant necessary to carry on operations with efficiency and despatch.
, the Proprietor, was born in Port Chalmers, in 1866, and was educated at the District High School. He served an apprenticeship to the plumbing trade with Mr. John Connell, and in 1890 established himself in business in Grey Street, but in 1894 removed to his present premises. Mr. Shanks is agent at Port Chalmers for the Royal Insurance Company. He has been a member of Court Robin Hood, 3991. Ancient Order of Foresters, since 1889, and is at present (1904) a trustee of his Court. Mr. Shanks was married, in 1893, to a daughter of Mr. J. Bell, and has one son find one daughter.
(Isaac Stevenson and John Cook). Marine Engineers, Boilermakers, and Shipbuilders. Beach Street, Port Chalmers. This business was established about 1870 by Messrs Morgan and Macgregor, and on the death of Mr. Macgregor, in 1878. Mr. John Cable became associated with the firm. In 1882, Mr. Isaac Stevenson joined, and the business was carried on under the name of Morgan, Cable and Co. In the meantime Mr. Morgan died and Mr. Cable retired from the firm, thus leaving Mr. Stevenson the sole proprietor; and in May, 1903, Mr. John Cook resigned his position as Superintendent Engineer of the Union Steamship Company, and entered into partnership with Mr. Stevenson an Stevenson and Cook. The firm's work is of a varied character, and during 1903–1904 it included the building of two new dredges (with engines and boilers complete) for Omeo and Innemungi, Australia; forgings for a new screw steamer built at Auckland for Mr. Seager, of Wellington; and a number of shafts and other work for the Union Steamship Company. The Morven Ferry and New Britannia dredges were bought by Messrs Stevenson and Cook, who took them adrift and sold them to an Australian mining company. At present (1904) the firm is making new boilers for the tug boat “Plucky,” and the s.s. “Invercargill, and also keeping the Port Chalmers forge running. Messrs Stevenson and Cook have the most modern machinery, and one of the best engineering plants in the colony.
. Established, 1888. Directors: Messrs John Watson, junior (chairman), Andrew Thomson, John Campbell, D. C. Sharpe, and R. Bauchop. Manager and Secretary, Mr. Robert Curham. These gas works are situated at Mussel Bay, Port Chalmers, and the company has a capital of £6000 in £1 shares; 5060 shares are fully paid up. The works have a gasholder with a capacity of 12,000 cubic feet, and about 4,000,000 cubio feet of gas is used annually by the residents of Port Chalmers. Only Brunner coal is used, and the coke is sold in the town to private consumers.
, Manager and Secretary of the Port Chalmers Gas Works, was appointed to his present position in 1901. He is a native of Kildare, Ireland, served an apprenticeship to the drapery trade in the city of Dublin, left Ireland in 1863, and landed in New York; served as a volunteer in the Federal Army to the close of the Civil War; followed the sea as a profession till 1873; joined the staff of the South Melbourne Gas Company, and in 1874 came to New Zealand under engagement to assist in erecting the Hokitika gas works. In 1882 he gave up the management of those works upon being appointed manager of the Wanganui gas works, where he remained till he accepted his present appointment. Mr. Curham has occupied no public position beyond serving on the Wanganui school committee. He was a member of the Order of Druids in Melbourse. In 1885 he was married to a daughter of Captain Daniel Macfarlane, of Troon, Scotland, and has a family of three sons and three daughters.
is situated twelve miles north-east from Dunedin by rail, and is in the county of Waikouaiti. The village lies on the sea coast, and is backed up by ranges of hills. Fishing is carried on, and in the hilly country a number of settlers are engaged in dairy farming. Purakanui is a favourite seaside resort with visitors from Dunedin. Good rabbit shooting is obtainable, and there is sea fishing in the bay. The name means “Plenty of bush,” and at one time the whole district was covered with trees and scrub. Purakanui has a post and telegraph office, railway station, and public school.
has been established for about thirty years. It is a two-roomed building with accommodation for eighty scholars, and two teachers. There are ten acres of excellent land attached to the headmaster's residence, which contains six large rooms. The school roll contains over seventy names, and there is an attendance of over sixty.
, Master of the Purekanui Public School, was born in Hamilton, Victoria, in 1873. He arrived in the Colony at an early age with his parents, was educated mostly at North East Valley school, Dunedin, and after a year's study at the Normal Training College, he was entrusted with the duty of opening the Hough Ridge school in 1895. He was married, in 1898, to a daughter of Mr. James Arthur, of North East Valley.
was formerly known as Blueskin. It is in the county of Waikouaiti, and the settlement is spread along and back from the shores of Blueskin Bay. There is a railway station at the township, a hotel, and a post and telegraph office, and also a dairy factory. The settlers engage extensively in dairy-farming, and the district is noted for its pasturage. A considerable proportion of the land is hilly and covered with bush. There are snipe and ducks in the district, flounders in the harbour, and trout in the Waitati stream. Waitati is seventeen miles north from Dunedin, and there is a population of about 400 persons in the township and its neighbourhood.
, now owned by the Taieri and Peninsula Milk Supply Company, Limited, was originally built by a local company, and worked as a cheese factory. In 1901 it was taken over by the present proprietary company. The building, which is situated near the township, is of wood, with a concrete noor. An Aktielolaget separator, of the Alpha de Laval patent, has been introduced; and this separator, which is capable of treating 400 gallons of milk per hour, is driven by a Tangye's steam engine of 31/2 horse power. During the busy season about 800 gallons of milk are supplied by the neighbouring dairy farmers each day, but this amount is reduced to about 500 gallons per diem in the off season. There are thirty-nine farmers who supply milk to the factory. Mr. R. Mawson is the present manager.
, formerly Manager of the Waitati Dairy Factory, was born at Seacliff, Otago, in 1868. His father came to Otago from Victoria at the time of the Gabriel's Gully “rush.” He took contracts on the Blueskin main road and afterwards bought sections at Seacliff. During one of the bush fires that swept the locality, he had to fight the flames for three days and three nights in order to save his homestead. Mr. O'Connell served his apprenticeship at Gore with Mr. S. M. Robins (afterwards Government Dairy Inspector), and was manager of a factory at Okain's Bay, Akaroa, before taking charge of the factory at Waitati.
, in the county of Waikouaiti, is a small country township situated on the sea coast, twenty-four miles north by rail from Dunedin. It is so named from being on a cliff by the sea, and the railway station is 327 feet above sea level. From the township and the hills at the back, a magnificent view of the Otago Heads and Blueskin Bay is obtainable. On the hillside, a little above the railway station, the Sea-cliff Lunatic Asylum stands, surrounded by beautifully laid out gardens. Dairy-farming is the chief occupation of the residents of the district, and there is a dairy factory close to the township. Seacliff has a natural curiosity in a large stalacfite cave, which is just above high-water mark, and is easily reached. The local railway station serves the purpose of a post, telegraph, and money order office. Seacliff has, also, a public school, general store and hotel.
is situated near the railway station in the heart of the sylvan district of Seacliff, and at a distance of about twenty-four miles north by rail from Dunedin. It is a favourite resort for tourists, sportsmen, and pleasure seekers of every kind, a popular halting place for commercial travellers, and is in every way worthy of the large partonage accorded to it. The surrounding country is almost unexcelled in its scenic beauty. The hotel is within half a mile of the sea-shore, it stands at a considerable bright about sea level, and, therefore, the atmosphere is at once mild and bracing. On account of the abundant foliage close at hand, and the creepers on its own outer walls and over the door-way, the hotel has the appearance of a well-kept private residence. It is a wooden building of two stories, and contains about twenty rooms. The ground floor is devoted to private sitting-rooms, the dining room, the kitchen and the bar; and the first floor contains about ten bedrooms, arranged and furnished to accommodate small family parties, married couples, and individual lodgers. The whole place is well furnished, and is a model of cleanliness and good management. Experienced assistants help the proprietor, who personally supervises all the arrangements, and the table is supplied with elegance and abundance.
, Proprietor of the Seacliff Hotel, was born at Adare, in County Limerick, Ireland, in 1877. He was educated in the Christian Brothers' School, and at the Training College for teachers, and subsequently held an appointment in the Industrial School at Killbegs, County Donegal. In 1893, however, he sailed for South Africa, where, at Capetown, he entered the Government service as a member of the police force. There he remained two years, and then came on to New Zealand. For two years after his arrival in Dunedin he assisted his brother, then licensee of the Shades Hotel, in Dowling Street, and in June, 1903, he took over the Seacliff Hotel.
, sometime of Seacliff, was born in Kirriemuir, Forfarshire, Scotland, in 1839, and came to Port Chalmers in the ship “Resolute,” on her first voyage, in March, 1864. After working as a gardener for Mr. Beverley, of Dunedin, for six years, he settled on a forty-acre farm at Seacliff, where, besides dairying, he carried on bee culture, and had as many as thirty colonies of those busy and profitable workers. Mr. Guild married a daughter of Mr. T. Smith, an old settler, and had five sons and four daughters. He died in December, 1902.
is a dairying and pastoral district, on the main north road from Dunedin, between Evansdale and Waikouaiti. It is twenty-one miles distant from Dunedin by road, and twenty-nine miles by rail. The post office, which has a tri-weekly mail service, is three miles from the railway station. Merton has a public school and a creamery.
, Farmer, Merton. Mr. Scott was born in Roxburghshire, Scotland, in 1836, and came to Port Chalmers by the Storm Cloud, in July, 1861. After working on sheep stations for some years, he purchased his property at Merton, where he has 179 acres devoted to dairying and agriculture. Mr. Scott has a De Laval separator, with a capacity of 200 gallons of milk per hour, and he treats the supply of neighbouring farmers on behalf of the Taieri and Peninsula Milk Company, of Dunedin. The homestead consists of a handsome new residence, with very substantial outbuildings.
, in the county of the same name—the word means “Receding Water”—is a small borough town, on the main line of railway, thirty-two miles north-east of Dunedin. The town was formerly known as Hawksbury, and this name is still retained in connection with the Hawksbury Borough Council. Waikouaiti bears the distinction of being the oldest settlement in Otago, and was formerly a whaling station. Here the pioneers of Otago, under the leadership of Mr. John Jones, arrived in the brig “Magnet” in 1840. The later settlers of the province obtained from these pioneers their first sheep, cattle, horses and grain. A Wesleyan mission station was also established at Waikouaiti before Otago was settled. The town is near the Waikouaiti river and sea coast, where there is a beautiful stretch of sandy beach. There is good rabbit shooting in the district, and the river in well stocked with trout. Sheepfarming, dairying, and agriculture are carried on in the district. A grand view of the surrounding country is obtainable from Mount Watkins, and the Matanaka Caves are within easy walking distance. Besides being the headquarters of the Waikouaiti County Council and the Hawksbury Borough Council, the town has, also, a branch bank, school, churches, two hotels, a dairy factory, a flour mill, and a post, telegraph, and money order office.
. Mr. John Porteous is chairman, and the other members are: Messrs William Souter, A. S. Orbell, Charles Duke, John Foote, and Alexander Kilpatrick. Clerk, Mr. John Porteous. The area of the county of Waikouaiti is 318 square miles; number of ratepayers, 1153; number of rateable properties, 1179; rateable value, £557,852. A rate of 3/4a in the £ was struck in 1903. The assets on the 31st of March, 1903, were £843 17s 5d, and the liabilities, £898 11s 3d. At the census of 1901 there was a population of 4082 souls in the county.
was elected to represent Hawksbury riding on the Waikouaiti County Council, in 1893, and has served continuously since that date. He was previously a member of the Waikouaiti Road Board. Mr. Souter was one of the founders of the Otago Agricultural and pastoral Association, of which he is still a member, and of late years he has taken a great inlerent in the Waihemo Agricultural Society, of which he is also a member. Mr.
, who has represented Hawksbury riding on the Waikouaiti County Council, since 1893, is referred to in the military section of this volume as a lieutenant in the Otago Hussars.
was appointed Clerk to the Waikouaiti County Council in 1897 and formerly represented the Blueakin riding on the Council. Mr. Porteous was for twenty-seven years headmaster of the Waitepeka school, Clutha.
was first constituted a borough in 1867, and is divided into three wards—Beach, East, and West. It has an area of 1979 acres; population, 690; dwellings, 141; rutepayers, 220; rateable properties, 444; rateable value, £7,040. A rate of3/4d in the £ was struck on the 26th of September, 1903. The borough's assets on the 31st of March, 1903, amounted to £150 1s 5d; liabilities, £17 12s 6d. The first Mayor of the borough was Mr McLeod C. Orbell, and the mayoral chair has been occupied also by Messrs W. Pratt, J. Smith, Thomas Whinan, S. Letham, A. G. Reid, D. Grant, D. Sutherland, J. Dates, E. Davis, R. Mill, George Maxwell, Thomas Allcock, and Robert Templeton. The present (1904) Borough Council is composed of the following gentlemen: Mr. Robert Templeton, Mayor; Councillors E. Davis, E. W. Fell, A. Heckler, D. O'Halloran, John Rendall, William Russell, Thomas Smith, John Valentine, and William Ward, Mr. James Dunbar is Town Clerk.
,
was elected to the Hawksbury Borough Council in 1903. He occupied the Mayoral chair in 1891–92. Mr. Davis is secretary of the Dairy Factory and clerk of the Hawksbury Domain Board.
, who was elected to the Hawksbury Borough Council in 1903, is a member of the Finance Committee. Mr. Fell has been a member of the Waikouaiti Licensing Committee since March, 1903, and is also connected with the local Lodge of Good Templars.
, who was elected to the Hawksbury Borough Council in April, 1901, serves on the Finance Committee. He also is a member of the Caledonian Society, and a trustee of the local library.
, who was elected to the Hawksbury Borough Council, in 1903, is a member of the Reserves Committee. Mr. O'Halloran is a native of Ireland, and has resided at Waikouaiti since 1866.
, was first elected to the Hawksbury Borough Council in 1899, and re-elected in 1903. He is a member of the Works Committee.
. who was elected to the Hawksbury Borough Council in 1899, is a member of the Works Committee. Mr. Russell also serves on the school and library committees.
was elected to the Hawksbury Borough Council in 1903, and serves on the Works Committee. Mr. Smith is a member of the Hawksbury Domain Board, and public school committee.
, who was elected to the Hawksbury Borough Council in 1903, is a member of the Reserves Committee. Formerly he was valuer for the borough, and also a member of the school committee.
was elected to the Hawksbury Borough Council in 1899, and is a member of the Works Committee.
, was appointed clerk to the Hawksbury Borough Council in 1894. Mr. Dunbar has been secertary of the Library Committee, and president of the Caledonian Society, and is at present a steward of the Waikouaiti Racing Club.
, Junior, sometime a member of the Hawksbury Borough Council, was born in 1855 in Scotland. He came to Dunedin by the ship “Strath Harold,” and after residing for some time at the Halt Way Bush and at Waitaki, settled in Hawksbury.
at Hawksbury, Walkouaiti, was erected in 1863, and is situated in Kildare Street, adjoining the manse, with its well laid-out grounds. The communicants' roll of the church numbers 116. There is also a branch church at Flog Swamp, about four miles distant.
, sometime Pastor of the Presbyterian Church, Hawksbury, Waikouaiti, was born in East Kilbride, Scotland, in 1830, educated at Edinburgh and Glasgow Universities, and received his ficense from the Presbytery of Glasgow in 1860. Mr. Christie came to New Zealand in the ship “Cheviot,” landing at Port Chalmers in October, 1862. In 1863 he became pastor of the church in which he ministered till October, 1901, when he retired after a pastorate of thirty-eight years. He was succeeded by the Rev. J. J. Cairney, who was ordained to the charge in 1902. Mr. Christie was married in June, 1862, to Miss Rachel Stewart, of Carlake, Scotland, and has five daughters and three sons.
(William Graham, manager), Waikouaiti. This factory, which was opened in 1888, stands on the outskirts of the town. The building is of wood, and the manager's house is situated at the rear. There are four vats, 16 feet long, and the machinery came from Messrs Wilkins and Company's foundry in Invercargill, and the boiler was made by Messrs Morgan, Cable and Co., Port Chalmers. Fifty-eight farmers supply milk to the factory, and about 2400 gallons are received daily. The average turn-out of cheese per year is 125 tons, most of which is consigned to London.
, who has been Manager of the Waikouaiti Cheese Factory since 1900, was born in the north of England, in 1872, and came out to New Zealand with his parents in 1880. After leaving school he engaged in agricultural pursuits, and subsequently turned his attention to cheese manufacture, and with the help of his father, soon became proficient in the business. He was for two seasons at the factory at Stirling, under Mr. W. Sawers, before being appointed to his present position in 1900. Mr. Graham has been president of the Waikouaiti Caledonian Society, but his business claims so much of his time that he has little to devote to social matters.
, Nurseryman, Hawksbury, Waikouaiti. Mr. Pickup was born in Lancashire in 1836, and came out to Port Chalmers in the ship “Strathspey.” For some time he engaged in prospecting in the Blueskin Ranges, and up the Shag Valley, eventually settling in Waikouaiti. Mr. Pickup has two gardens and several glass houses, one of which is fitted with heating apparatus. He makes a specialty of apple-growing, his varieties including “Newtown Wonder,” “Beauty of Bath,” “Clark's Seedling,” “Thorle Pippin,” “Crisp's Russet,” and “Albany Seedling.” In plums, he has the “Splendor Prune,” “Silver Prune,” “Bulgarian Prune,” “Tragedy Prune,” “Golden Prune,” “Clyman Plum,” “Monarch,” and “Grand Duke” varieties. He also cultivates flowers in great variety. Mr. Pickup's residence is situated in Kildare Street. He is married, and has one son and two daughters.
, farmer, Hillhead Farm, Waikouaiti. Mr. Diack was born in Aberdeenshire, Scotland, in 1835, and came to New Zealand in 1859, in the ship “Alpine.” After arriving in the colony he found work on Mrs Shand's farm, at Green Island, for twelve months. In those days the roads were such that it took two days to fetch eight bags of oats in a dray from Green Island to Dunedin, a distance of five miles. Later on he found employment with the Provincial Government, and was engaged in forming the roads through the Waikouaiti district, and building culverts, some of which an still standing. Subsequently he was engaged as foreman of the track-making party at Pine Hill. Shortly after that, the diggings broke out, and determining to try his luck, he left in 1861 for Gabriel's Gully, now known as Lawrence. After remaining there for three months he procured as much of the precious metal as bought his present property, and devoted himself to farming. However, after spending about one year on the farm, he took the gold fever again, and started for the West Coast; in those days a tedious journey, which occupied six weeks. On the way provisions ran short, and for three days he had to live on raw oats, which were his horse's feed. When he reached the diggings, the field proved a “duffer,” and he returned to Waikouaiti, a wiser if not a richer man. Mr. Diack goes in chiefly for dairy farming, milking forty cows, and also runs a number of crossbred and halfbred Leicester sheep. A portion of his farm is used for cropping, and yields, on an average, between fifty and sixty bushels to the acre. Another branch of the farm work consists in the breeding of good draught horses, in which Mr. Diack has had considerable experience. He was a member of the Hawksbury Road Board for seventeen years from beginning to end. He and three others also stood bondsmen for the Waikouaiti Dairy Factory, which has now proved such a benefit to the district. He is a Past Grand Officer of the Loyal Prince Alfred Lodge, Manchester Unity Independent Order of Oddfellows. Mr. Diack married a daughter of the late Mr. Alexander Gilmour, Shag Valley, Palmerston, and has a family of five sons and one daughter.
, Run-holder, Hawksbury Estate, Waikouaiti, was born at Trowbridge, in the West of England, in 1848, and came to the Colony by way of Melbourne, landing at Port Chalmers. He started dairying with his brother at Caversham, and afterwards commenced farming at the Taieri Mouth. He Joined the police force at the time of the police strike, after the abolition of the Provincial Government system, and served over ten years, being stationed alternately at South Dunedin, Oamaru, Kakanui Mouth, Maheno, and at Hawksbury, where he was for five years. Within four months of his entry into the service he was made a first class constable, and subsequently twice declined promotion to the position of sergeant. During his terrm of office in Waikouaiti he effected the capture of Butler who was charged with the murder of the
, sometime of Hawksbury, runholder, was born at Hay Park, near Knaresborough, Yorkshire, England, in 1830, and came to New Zealand by the ship “Rajah,” in 1853, having been very nearly wrecked off the Tasmanian coast. He settled in Hawksbury, and found employment with Mr. John Jones, in that enterprising pioneer's dairying department. Mr. Heckler was afterwards placed in charge of the same employer's celebrated property “Cherry Farm.” where he remained for six years and six months. He then bought some land for himself, and became a cattle and stock dealer. His property increased to 2000 acres in extent, and was then laid down in grass. When the Road Board was in existence, Mr. Heckler was one of its most active members. He was one of the promoters of the Palmerston and Waihemo Agricultural Society, and was for some time its president, and at the time of Governor Sir James Ferguson's visit to the Taieri show he was judge of Shorthorn cattle at that exhibition. Mr. Heckler was married in 1855, at Port Chalmers, to Miss Susan Robbins, who had come out to Tasmania in 1853, with Mr. William Randall. He had a family of seven sons and two daughters. The eldest, James Francis Heckler, J.P., resides at Mangawahoe; the second, William Martin Heckler, is a farmer, near Balclutha; the third, H. T. Heckler, joined the fourth New Zealand Contingent in the Boer war, as trooper-and rose to the rank of captain, being one of the few who gained their stripes in the field, and was recommended for the D.S.O. decoration. The remaining sons (Albert, Arthur, Percy and Sidney), live at Waikouaiti, Arthur being a member of the Hawksbury Borough Council. The eldest daughter is mistress of Naseby High School, and the youngest lives with her mother at Waikouaiti. Mr. Wm. Heckler died on the 2nd of April, 1901, aged seventy-one years, and was buried in St. John's churchyard, on Good Friday, the 6th of April. The funeral was one of the largest ever seen in the district.
, in the county of Waikouaiti, is thirty-seven miles north from Dunedin, and about midway between Waikouaiti and Palmerston, on the main road. It has a large public school and a post office, and the Goodwood railway station is one mile distant. Flag Swamp is the centre of a good agricultural district, and sheepfarming and dairying are also extensively carried on.
is a wooden building with two classrooms situated on the main north road, about half-way between Waikouaiti and Palmerston. The average attendance for 1903 was forty-five, and there were fifty names on the roll. Mr. James Nelson is the head master, and Miss Miscdonald is mistress. The school is under the cuntrol of the Otago Education Board, and was established about thirty-seven years ago.
, Headmaster of the Flag Swamp School, was appointed to his present position in April, 1903. He was born at Lovell's Flat, in 1869, and educated at the Lovell's Flat and the Tokomairiro district high school, with a view to adopting teaching as a profession. His first appointment was at the Saddle Hill school, where he remained for five years; and he was then for four years at the Maerewhenua school, and two years at Hooper's Inlet, before accepting his present position in 1903. Mr. Nelson is a keen sportsman and takes an active interest in fishing and shooting, and was at one time a member of the Portobello Rifle Club, besides playing cricket and football. He was married, in 1898, to a daughter of Mr. John Hunter, an old colonist of Saddle Hill, and has three sons.
(Taieri and Peninsula Milk Supply Company, Limited, proprietors). This creamery was built in 1899, and, during the first year of its existence, put through an average of 300 gallons of milk a day, which his since been increased to 1800 gallons a, day during the summer months. Alpha, de Laval machinery of the latest pattern, is installed, and the engines and boiler were built by Messrs Huston, Proctor, and Co., of Lincoln. England. The building is of wood, with a concrete floor, and there is a thorough system of cleanliness.
, Manager of the Goodwood Creamery, was born in Somerset, England, in 1851, and came to New Zealand with his parents, by the ship “Nour-mahal” in 1858. After his education was completed at the North Taieri school and Dunedin High School, he remained with his parents at Silverstream. Taieri, for a time, and was afterwards apprenticed to Mr. W. A. Young, flourmiller, Palmerston. In 1870, Mr. Jeffries bought his present property, “Knoll Farm,” of 290 acres, and storked it with crossbred merino and Leicester sheep. During the last few years he has engaged chiefly in dairy farming, milking forty cows, and conveying the milk to the creamery of which he is manager. Mr. Jeffriee also does a considerable amount of cropping, and wheat and oats on his farm average about forty bushels to the acre. Mr. Jeffries has been a member of the Hawksbury Road Board, the Waikouaiti County Council, and of the Flag Swamp school committee, of which he is now (1904) chairman. He was married, in 1880, to a daughter of Mr. John Duncan, sometime of “Cherry Farm.” Waikouaiti, and has a family of seven sons and three daughters.
, Farmer, Roebank Farm, Flag Swamp. Mr. Sloan was born in Castle Douglas, Scotland, in 1830. He took to a seafaring life, at an early age, and for ten years was engaged on ships trading to America, India, China, and other countries. He arrived in Australia, in 1851, and took put in the Adelaide gold rush, and was mining in Victoria. After a visit to his home, he sailed for Canada, and took up land sixty miles north of Toronto, where he farmed for eight years. However, he found the climate too severe in the winter, and decided to come to New Zealand, where he landed in 1866. Shortly afterwards Mr. Sloan took up land near Goodwood, where he has since resided. He goes in for dairy farming, milking sixteen cows, mostly Shorthorns; a little cropping of oats is also carried on, and his land yields about forty bushels to the acre. Mr. Sloan recently disposed of about 150 acres of his land, and now holds 145 acres, which he finds sufficient to maintain his stock. In 1855, while on a visit to Scotland, he was married to a Miss Armstrong, but she died eight years later, leaving two sons and one daughter. One of the sons is a member of the Palmerston Borough Council.
has a population of about 800, and is the prosperous centre of number of prosperous districts—Shag Valley, Goodwood, Pleasant Valley, etc. It is in the county of Waihemo, and forty-one miles northward by rail from Dunedin. The land in the neighbourhood is good, and the local industries include flournuills, a dairy factory and the exportation of rabbits. There is communication by coach with the inland districts, and with the romantic locality known as the Horse Range noted for its himestone formation and its bit of exquisite scenery. Palmerston is much frequented on account of the extreme healthiness of its climate. Gold dredging is now carried on on the Shag river, which is well stocked with salmon trout, and at certain points is only a mile from the town. The offices of the Waihemo County Council and the Palmerston Borough Council are located in the town. Palmerston also has a District High School, several churches, a free library, a branch bank, and a number of good stores; a post office, telegraph and money order office, and also a telephone service with Dunedin. There are several good hotels, licensed and temperance, and private bearding is also obtainable. Palmerston possesses a good brass band, which gives creditable open-air concerts in the town on Saturday evenings. In the triangle at the back of the railway station a handsome drinking fountain has been erected to the memory of the local troopers who fell in the war in South Africa. Palmerston is connected by means of a branch railway line with Dunback, nine miles distant.
was declared a borough in 1871, and is divided into three wards—North, East, and West. The borough has an area of 800 acres; population, 734; dwellings, 192; ratepayers, 248; rafeable properties 390. Its capital rateable value is £31,673, and there is a rate of 13/4d in the £, struck on the 28th of August, 1903. On the 31st of March, 1903, the assets were £113 11s 5d, and the liabilities £4148 6s. The first Mayor of the borough was Mr. W. A. Young, who has been succeeded by Messrs J. H. Gilligan, James Arkle, Charles Haynes, M. Fagan, R. A. Cathcart, William Robertson. Charles Gillespie, R. N. Reid, Robert Ewing, John Everest, John McDonald, J. C. Scott, W. A. Chapman, John Cunningham, A. H. Gill, and J. C. Gow. At present (1904) Mr. J. C. Gow is Mayor, and the councillors are—Messrs W. R. Wheeler, S. Woolley, James Kitchen, R. Riddle, J. H. Appleby, E. LeFevre, J. Sloan, W. Robertson, and E. H. Clarke, Mr. W. B. Galloway is Town Clerk.
, was born at Strichen, Aberdeenshire, Scotland, in 1855. He was educated at public schools, brought up to agriculture, and learned flourmilling before coming to Port Chalmers, by the ship “Auckland,” in 1880. After a short experience of station life, Mr. Gow worked with Mr. Robert Anderson, at the Woodhaugh mills, Dunedin, and remained with him four years. He was afterwards at the Kakanui mill, Mheono, for two years, and was appointed manager of the Shag Valley mills in March, 1887. Five years later he purchased the property, which he still works. Mr. Gow was for several years a member of the Borough Council, and retired owing to pressure of business in 1897; but being urged by requisition in 1898 to offer himself for the office of mayor, he consented, and was returned unopposed; and has now (1904) been similarly roturned for the sixth time. He held office as president of the Palmerston Agricultural and Pastoral Association
, who was elected to the Palmerston Borough Council in 1902, is a member of the Sanitary and Reserves Committee. Mr. Wheeler also serves on the Palmerston school committee and the Athenæum committee.
, who was elected to the Palmerston Borough Council, in 1903, is a member of the Works Committee. He has been a member of the Athenæum committee since 1884, and is a Past Master of the Palmerston Lodge of Freemasons, No. 1749. English Constitution. Mr. Woolley was born in Leicestershire, England, in 1838, and came to Port Chalmers with his parents by the ship “Ajax,” in 1849. After a short time spent in the bush, the family moved to a station at Otepopo, owned by Mr. Charles Suisted, where they remained for four years. Mr. Woolley, senior, then acquired some land, mostly bush, at Goodwood and for many years supplied the local runholders with timber, hurdles, etc. During the gold rush he built the Beach Hotel at Waikouaiti, and, fifteen years later, the Railway Hotel, Waikouaiti, and with the help of his family, conducted it for a number of years. Mr. Samuel Woolley was brought up to the building trade, and since 1874 has been in business in Palmerston. Among the many buildings he has erected are the Empire Hotel, Johnstone's buildings, Lawson's block, and a number of very fine residences on the outskirts of the town. Some bridges in the Blue Mountains built by Mr. Woolley for the Road Board in 1864, are still in use, and reflect great credit on the conscientious manner in which he carried out his contracts.
, who was elected to the Palmerston Borough Council in 1892, is a member of the Works Committee. Mr. Kitchen was at one time a member of the District High School committee, and of the Caledonian Society.
, who was elected to the Palmerston Borough Council in 1898, is a member of the Finance Committee. Mr. Riddle was formally a steward and treasurer of the local racing club.
, who was elected to the Palmerston Borough Council in 1903, is a member of the Reserves Committee. Mr. Appleby is further referred to in connection with his business at Palmerston.
, who was elected to the Palmerston Borough Council in 1902, is a member of the Works Committee. Mr. Leferre serves on the school committee. Jockey Club, and Agricultural Society.
, who was elected to the Palmerston Borough Council, in 1903, is a member of the Finance Committee. He is also a steward of the Palmerston Racing Club, and a member of the Rose of Palmerston Lodge United Ancient Order of Druids, in which he holds the office of Past Arch Druid. As a Freemason he belongs to the Palmerston Lodge, No. 26, New Zealand Constitution. Mr. Sloan was born near Toronto in Canada, in 1868, and was brought to New Zealand by his father in the same year. After leaving school he joined his father in an agricultural life, but in 1897 bought a general grocery business in Tiverton Street, Palmerston, which he still conducts. He is an enthusiast in bowling and fishing, and although only a young player, has already distinguished himself as a bowler. Mr. Sloan was married, in 1888, to a daughter of Mr. J. Cunningham, and has two sons and one daughter.
was the first member elected to the Palmerston Borough Council, when the town was incorporated as a municipality, and he has represented the ratepayers ever since, except for one or two years. Mr. Robertson, who has also occupied the mayoral chair, is a member of the Reserves and Sanitary Committees, and has also taken a keen interest in the welfare of the borough. He was a member of the Palmerston Road Board before the formation of the Waihemo County Council, and he has also served on the school committee and Athenæum committee, and is one of the original members of the Loyal Palmerston Lodge. Manchester Unity Independent Order of Oddfellows. Mr. Robertson was born in Aberdeen, Scotland, in 1841, and came to New Zealand in 1864, in the ship “Resolute.” After four months spent on Messrs Douglas and Alderson's station at Pomahaka, he came to Dunedin, and found employment with Mr. George Douse, saddler, Rattray Street. Four years later he left Mr. Douse to open a saddlery business for himself in Palmerston, and this he still conducts in Tiverton Street. Mr. Robertson was married in 1867, to a daughter of Mr. William Cochrane, of Palmerston, and has a family of four sons and five daughters.
, who has represented West Ward on the Palmerston Borough Council since 1892, is the son of Mr. Edward Clark, who was long been well known in the district. Mr. Clark was born in Palmerston in 1870, and was brought up to the business of a builder by his father. As an Oddfellow, he is secretary of Loyal Palmerston Lodge, M.U. He is a member of the committee of the Palmerston Agricultural and Pastoral Association, and of the committees of the racing, cricket, and football clubs. Mr. Clark was married, in 1897, to a daughter of Mr. D. Ross, of Meadowbank.
was appointed Clerk and Treasurer of the Palmerston Borough Council, in October, 1902. He is also clerk to the Waihemo County Council, and secretary to the local Horticultural Society.
, J.P., District Valuer for the counties of Waikouaiti, Waihemo, and Maniototo; the boroughs of Naseby, Palmerston, and Hawksbury, and Government Valuer under the Land and Income Tax, Advances to Settlers, and
, who held office as Mayor of Palmerston from the end of 1895 to the end of 1898, was the well-known proprietor of the “Palmerston and Waikouaiti Times.” Mr. Gill was born in 1830 at Cleveland, Yorkshire, England, and educated at Kirby, Grammar school, of which he was dux. After serving for three years as a law officer, Mr. Gill was seized with the gold fever and left Home in 1852 for Victoria, in company with Mr. L. S. Pratt and a Dr. Dush. He spent ten years on the goldfields, and in 1863 he came to Otago. After a tour of the diggings he settled in Waikouaiti, where he joined Mr. L. S. Pratt in the proprietorship of the “Waikouaiti and Shag Valley Herald” two years after his arrival. In 1876 Messrs Pratt and Gill sold the journal to a Palmerston company, which removed the plant to Palmerston and altered the name to the “Palmerston and Waikouaiti Times.” Mr. Gill, who was offered the editorship and managership of the old paper, but declined, afterwards became editor of the “Waikouaiti Herald,” a journal started to replace the old one but which lasted only a year. With the late Mr. F. J. Davies, he subsequently re-acquired the old journal, which he conducted as sole proprietor after his partner's death in 1879, when he purchased the interest of Mrs. Davies. Mr. Gill was during many years a prominent man in Waikouaiti. He was the first town clerk when Hawksbury became a municipality in 1866, and held the office for a quarter of a century. He was also appointed clerk to the bench in the same year and performed the duties for several years. Mr. Gill was one of the founders of Prince Alfred Lodge, and its first elective secretary. He was also honorary secretary to the local race club for many years, and was closely identified there with many public movements, notably the erection of the Mechanics' Hall, and played no unimportant part in conjunction with his partner in securing the splendid endowment reserves, from which the borough of Hawksbury now receives a substantial revenue. In 1869 Mr. Gill was married to a daughter of the late Mr. Joseph Beal, of Waikcuaiti, and had five sons and three daughters. He died in April, 1902.
, long a member of the Palmerston Borough Council, and Mayor on two or three occasions, is a native of Lanarkshire, Scotland. He was educated at a parish school, and brought up to the drapery trade, and in 1862 he landed at Port Chalmers, from the ship “Pladda,” on her third voyage to the Colony. He remained for two years in Dunedin and then settled at Palmerston, where he established the mercantile business with which he has been so long and still is identified. As a public man, Mr. Arkle has been well known. He has been a Justice of the Peace since 1878, and has taken a leading part in local affairs, municipal and social. He is a Freemason and is a Past Master of Lodge Palmerston; a Past Grand of the Oddfellows, Manchester Unity; vice-president of the Palmerston Jockey Club, and a member of the Palmerston Bowling Club. Mr. Arkle was married, in 1862, to a daughter of the late Mr. Calcutt, of Queen's County, Ireland, and has two daughters (both married) and two sons.
was originally part of the Waikouaiti county, from which it was separated in 1882. It has an area of 400,000 acres, and is divided into seven ridings; namely, Blue Mountain, Meadowbank, Macrae's, Bushey, Goodwood, Dunback, and Green Valley. The capital value of the district is £379,748, and the customary rate is five-eighths of a penny in the £. The large bridges over the Shag river, on the main north road, and the Dunback bridge, besides numerous footbridges, are within the county. The County Council chambers in Palmerston were built in 1874, and are used as the office of the local Borough Council, as well as for the purposes of the county. At the census of March, 1901, the county had—excluding boroughs within its boundaries—a population of 2014. The members of the Council for 1904 were: Messrs M. Isbister (chairman), T. Muir, R. Matheson, James Ross, David Ross, R. Cameron, D. M. Philip, W. E. Griffen, and G. Clark.
, who was elected Chairman of the Waihemo County Council in November, 1902, has represented the Blue Mountain riding in the Council since 1892. He was born in the Orkney Islands in 1857, received his elementary education at his native place, and was brought up by his father as a farmer, but he subsequently had six years' experience of mercantile life, two of which were spent in Liverpool. Mr. Isbister came to Port Chalmers in 1876, per ship “Marlborough,” and settled in the district. After a general country experience, extending over some years, he leased his farm of 960 acres on the Dunback Road, and has since carried on mixed farming. He was a member of the Inch Valley school committee, until it was added to the Dunback district, and was for some time its chairman; and at present (1904) he is chairman of the Dunback committee. Mr. Isbister is a Past Master of the Palmersten Masonic Lodge, and being of a genial, unassuming, and obliging disposition, he is held in high estimation among his friends and neighbours. He
, who was chairman of the Waihemo County Council from 1894 to 1902, was previously a councillor for seven years. He represented the Blue Mountain riding during the whole of the period, and still (1904) represents it. Mr. Muir was born in 1851 at Green Island and educated in the Colony. He is the second son of the late Mr. John Muir, one of the first settlers in Palmerston, and now occupies one of the oldest wooden buildings in the Shag Valley. Mr. Muir possesses a freehold property of 2100 acres, and runs sheep and cattle. As a breeder of Border Leicester sheep he has won several prizes at local shows. He has served for about ten years on the local school committee, and has been many years connected with the Agricultural and Pastoral Society, of which he was secretary for eleven years. Mr. Muir is a member of the Presbylerian Church and holds office as one of the managers. He was married in 1885 to a daughter of Mr. James Forsyth, of Edendale, Southland, and has four sons and three daughters.
, J.P., who has represented Bushey riding on the Waihemo County Council since 1893, is a large farmer, stock-breeder and dealer, and resides at Kartigi, where he owns 3650 acres of freehold, and leases 2000 acres from Mrs Culling and 1700 acres from Mr. James Allen, M.H.R. He was born on the 9th of November, 1839, in Strath Kyle, Ross-shire, Scotland, brought up to country pursuits, and arrived at Port Chalmers, by the ship “Lady Egida,” on the 2nd of February, 1861. At first he went shepherding with Mr. McGregor, at Silverstream for twelve months. He was then engaged by Messrs Cameron, and Mr. Edward McGlashan as head shepherd, and remained in their service until the Mount Stoker station was sold to Messrs Gellibrand and Smith. The new firm, retaining his services, sent him to Warrington, in 1874, to buy and sell and carry on butchering, while the railway line was under construction. Then Mr. Ross leased the Warrington paddocks, and commenced business on his own account. He also leased Meadowbank from Mr. A. W. Bell, and took possession on the 1st of January, 1878. He also took his brother David in as a partner, and the firm carried on business on a very large scale as Ross Brothers. They bought and sold stock all over Otago and South Canterbury, and leased paddocks all over the district, including paddocks on Tumai, Goodwood, and 1000 acres from Mr. Rich, of Bushey Park, at 17s 6d per acre, and paid rent altogether to the amount of £3000 per annum. In the meantime Mr. James Ross removed from Warrington to Trotter's Creek, leasing Mr. Trotter's farm and buying Pebbly Brook, which he still holds. In March, 1877, Mr. Ross leased the whole of Bushey Park estate from Mr. Rich at 15s per acre, and went to live on the property. A year later the Bank of New Zealand took over the property from Mr. Rich, and released it to Ross Brothers at 14s per acre for a term of five years. At the end of the lease, the brothers dissolved partnership, the officials in charge of the Bank refusing their offer of 12s per acre for a term of years for the property. Mr. James Ross then, on his own account, made an offer of 13s per acre for five years, and a £10 per acre purchasing clause, which was also refused. After the dissolution of partnership Mr. J. Ross bought his large farm at Kartigi, where he has since resided.
, who has represented Meadowbank riding in the Waihemo County Council since 1893, was born in 1842 in Ross-shire, Scotland. He was educated in his native land and brought up to pastoral life, and arrived at Port Chalmers in 1863, on the first trip of the ship “Peter Denny.” He settled in the Maniototo district, where he remained for fourteen years, during which he was employed as a shepherd, and was afterwards in business on his own account as a butcher. Mr. Ross has since 1877 been lessee of Meadowbank estate, which consists of 4300 acres. He is a member of the Loyal Palmerston Lodge, M.U.I.O.O.F., and also member of the committee of the Palmerston Agricultural and Pastoral Society, and of the North Otago Association. For some years Mr. Ross has been a member of the Inch Valley school committee, of which he has been chairman since 1894. He was married, in 1876, to a daughter of Mr. G. Anderson, of Waikouaiti, and has two sons and one daughter.
, who represented Dunback riding in the Waihemo County Council for a number of years after 1890, was born in Wigtonshire, Scotland, in 1842. He was brought up to agricultural work on his father's farm, and arrived in Port Chalmers in 1864, by the ship “Aboukir.” Mr. Kennedy purchased 560 acres in the Dunback district in 1870, and has since been well known as a settler. He has taken a general interest in the advancement of the district, and has served on the local school committee and road board. He is also a member of the Palmerston Agricultural and Pastoral Association. Mr. Kennedy was married in 1875 to a daughter of Mr.
occupies a prominent corner section in Tiverton Street, and consists of a wooden building, of a somewhat novel style of architecture, erected in 1888. Mr. B. C. Dean is the officer in charge.
is a wooden building over 100 feet in length. There is a large goods shed, measuring 100 feet by 40 feet, and ten men, including porters, guards and signalmen, are employed. Palmerston is a divisional station, at the boundary of two sections of the railway system, and the stationmaster is responsible for seeing that proper instructions are given to drivers and guards passing north and south. Mr. George Barelay, the stationmaster, is referred to as Major Barclay at page 134 in the Military Section of this volume.
was established in 1877 under the “Education Act,” and the present building was erected in 1886. There are six classrooms with accommodation for 285 scholars, and the average attendance is about 252. The headmaster is assisted by four certificated teachers, and three pupil teachers.
, Headmaster of the Palmerston District High School, has held the position since April, 1898. Prior to that time he was on the staff of the Temuka High School.
, A handsome stone building with spire, occupies a quarter acre section on one of the highest positions in the township, fronting one of the main streets. This charge was separated from Waikouaiti, of which it is an off-shoot, in 1871. There is seating accommodation in the church for 440 persons, and the average attendance is over 300. A Sunday school, held in the church, has about 160 scholars and fourteen teachers. The manse is built on a section of ten acres close to the borough.
, Minister in charge of Palmerston Presbyterian church, was born in Dunfermline, Scotland, in 1857. He was educated at Glasgow University and at the Free Church Divinity Hall in the same city, and finished his college course in 1890. Having been licensed by the Glasgow Presbytery, he landed in New Zealand in November, 1890, and was ordained and inducted into the charge of the Presbyterian church in the Mackenzie Country. In April, 1894, Mr. Clarke was inducted to the charge of the Palmerston church. He was married, in 1892, to a daughter of Mr. J. Walker, of Bathgate, Scotland, and has four sons and one daughter.
, is a wooden building seated for about 130 persons, and the average attendance is about eighty. In addition to this church, there is another built of wood at Hampden, with accommodation for fifty worshippers, and at Macrae's there is a stone church, which will hold 100 persons. At Hyde there is a church of the Sacred Heart. It is built of stone, will seat 130, and has an average attendance of about 100 worshippers.
, who has charge of St. Michael's church and the surrounding district, was born in Waterford, Ireland, in 1864, and was educated at St. Patrick's College, Carlow. Father Lynch was ordained in 1889, and came out to New Zealand, via Australia. His first appointment was at Queenstown, where he remained six years, and he has been in charge at Palmerston since 1896.
, Palmerston. This church was originally a portion of the Waikouaiti circuit, but is now the head of the Palmerston circuit, and was built in 1892. It is a wooden building, with accommodation for 120 persons. The Wesleyan church at Waikouaiti is the oldest in Otago, as that district was the scene of the labours of the early missionaries to that part of New Zealand. There is a Sunday school in connection with the church in Palmerston, which is attended by sixty-six scholars, and there are six teachers in charge
The Athenæum building, which occupies a convenient site opposite the railway station, was erected about 1880. It is of wood, and contains a library of about fifteen hundred volumes, and the reading-room is well supplied with papers and magazines. Through the efforts of the late Sir John McKenzie, as Minister of Lands, the institution was liberally endowed with a land grant, from which a revenue of £32 per annum is derived.
, No. 1749, was founded in 1878 under the Grand Lodge of England. In 1890 it transferred its allegiance to the Grand Lodge of New Zealand, and then became No. 26 in the New Zealand Constitution. The Masonic Hall is a substantial brick building situated in Auskerry Street. It cost about £600, and will accommodate over 150 persons. The annual installation of the Worshipful Master and officers is held in August in each year.
, Independent Order of Oddfellow. This lodge was established in 1875. It possesses the Oddfellows' Hall, which occupies a freehold section in the borough, and has a membership of seventy-three. Fortnightly meetings are held, and the accumulated funds of the lodge amount to over £1200.
. This club was established in 1898. The ground is the freehold property of the club, and has been purchased, fenced and put into good order at a total cost of about £150.
. The original club, of which the present one is the outcome, was established in 1871, under the name of the Palmerston Racing Club. It was re-organised in 1884 as the Palmerston and Shag Valley Jockey Club, and the name was again changed in February, 1893. The racecourse, which is a mile in length, is situated in Shag Valley, and the buildings include a committee room and a judge's box. The Club holds a meeting once a year on Boxing Day.
, who has been Secretary of the Palmerston Racing Club since 1880, and is secretary of the Palmerston South Cemetery Trust, was born in Montgomeryshire, in North Wales, in 1832. He was educated in Wales and England, and emigrated to Adelaide, South Australia, in 1848. Four years later he went to the Victorian goldfields, where he stayed until 1864, when he came to Otago. In 1874 he settled in Palmerston, where he established himself in business as a bookseller and stationer, and has ever since been well known in connection with the district. Mr. Gwynne has hold office as registrar of electors, and returning officer for Waihemo county, since 1892. He was married, in 1876, to a daughter of Mr. J. Keown, of Ireland, and has four sons and four daughters.
. This society dates back to 1880. It possesses within the borough a freehold of ten acres, surrounded by a double belt of pine trees, and the ground has been so excavated and levelled, that two thousand people can look on at any public function. The annual show is held on the first Friday in the month of December. There are over one hundred members on the roll of the society and under the rules all members, together with their families, are admitted free to the annual show.
. The cemetery is a pretty little spot beautifully planted with ornamental trees and shrubs, and occupies an elevated position, fourteen acres in extent, on the main North Road on the boundary of the borough. The portion of the cemetery which is set apart for the use of the Roman Catholic community is under the control of a separate committee.
(Donald Macleod, proprietor), Palmerston. This journal was originally established as the “Waikouaiti and Shag Valley Herald” in 1864, and was published at Waikouaiti till 1876, when the plant was removed to Palmerston, a local company having acquired the property, and at the same time the present name was substituted for the original name of the paper. About two years afterwards, Mr. A. H. Gill, who had previously been interested in the paper, became a partner again, and until his death in May, 1902, he conducted the journal as editor and sole owner. The present editor and proprietor, Mr. Donald McLeod, took over the business in June, 1902. The “Times” is a weekly paper of forty-two columns and six pages. It is fairly supported by advertisements and circulates throughout Palmerston, Shag Valley, Waikouaiti, Hampden, Dunback, Goodwood, and other outlying districts. In politics it claims to be independent with strong conservative leanings.
. The courthouse is a wooden building, which was originally erected as a Presbyterian church. Sittings of the Court are held fortnightly by the stipendiary magistrate, and special cases are, when necessary, disposed of by the local justices. There is a room for the magistrate and witnesses' rooms, in addition to the court room. The office of the clerk of the court, which also does duty as a police station, is situated in Ronaldsay Street. In addition to the office there is a lock-up, which is seldom used, and a stable. The constable's residence of five rooms occupies a portion of the section.
, Constable in charge of the borough of Palmerston and of Waihemo county, Clerk of the Magistrate's Court and of the Licensing Committee, was born in Killarney, Ireland, in 1848. After being educated at Cork, he was brought up as a farmer, and came to Lyttelton in 1876, by the ship “Euterpe.” Mr. Hilliard joined the police force in the days of the Provincial Government, and served in Canterbury until 1893, when he was appointed to his present position. He was married in Christchurch in 1876, and has five sons and four daughters.
in Palmerston stands on a prominent corner at the junction of Tiverton and Sandy Streets. It is a wooden building and was erected by the Colonial Bank of New Zealand. There has been a branch of the Bank of New Zealand in Palmerston since 1861, and the building occupied up to the time of the purchase of the Colonial Bank's business is in another part of the township. Sub-agencies at Hampden and Waikouaiti are managed from the Palmerston office. The staff at Palmerston consists of a manager, accountant, teller, ledger-keeper, and two juniors. Mr. W. H. Fielder is manager.
, Insurance Agent, Palmerston. Mr. Crump was born in Derby, England, where he was educated. He landed in Port Chalmers in 1862, by the ship “Chariot of Fame,” and after remaining four years in Dunedin removed to Hampden; but settled in Palmerston in January, 1871, and was engaged in general clerical work for four years. In 1875 he was appointed secretary of the Palmerston Road Board, which was merged into the county in 1882, and he afterwards held office as county clerk. In 1878 he was appointed town clerk to the borough of Palmerston. He was also clerk to the Palmerston Caledonian Society. Mr. Crump resigned office as County Clerk and Town Clerk in September, 1902. He is now Deputy Registrar of Births, Marriages and Deaths for Palmerston.
, News Agent and Fancy Goods Dealer, Booksellor, Tobacconist and Fruiterer, Palmerston. Bankers, Bank of New Zealand. Private residence, Goodwood Road. The premises occupied by Mr. Gwynne are freehold; his business was established in 1873, and is one of the oldest of its kind in the district. The proprietor is agent for the New Zealand Express Company, the Standard Alliance Insurance Company, the “Otago Daily Times,” and “Witness,” and the “Oamaru Mail.” Mr. Gwynne is referred to elsewhere as secretary of the Palmerston Racing Club.
, Photographer and Cycle Agent, Palmerston. Mr. Appleby established his business in 1898. The shop is used in connection with the cycle business, and as a fancy goods depot; the photographic studio being situated near the Presbyterian Church. Mr. Appleby was born in 1869, in London, where he was educated, and came to Port Chalmers, by the ship “Margaret Galbraith,” in 1883. Since settling in Palmerston, he has been well known in musical circles as a cornet and violin player, and has been bandmaster of the Palmerston Brass Band since 1890. He has also organised an orchestra, which plays at public entertainments in the borough and district. Mr. Appleby learned his business as a photographer in Dunedin. He was married, in 1890, to a daughter of Mr. L. Clements, of Launceston, and has one son and one daughter.
, Baker and Confectioner, Ronaldsay Street, Palmerston. Bankers, Bank of New Zealand. Mr. Pearson began his business in leasehold premises in 1896. The building extends to Sandy Street at the back, and consists of a shop with a large refreshment room and a bakehouse, with a concrete floor. The connection extends for ten miles up the Shag Valley, and a large local trade is done in white and wholemeal bread, and in all kinds of pastry. Mr. Pearson was born in Ayrshire, Scotland, in 1854, and learned his business in his native land, where he worked at his trade till he left for New Zealand in 1887. After his arrival he was at Maniototo, and for eighteen months at Hampden, and was subsequently cook and baker at the Shag Valley station for six years before entering into business on his own account. Mr. Pearson is a Freemason and a member of the Loyal Palmerston Lodge.
, Builder and Contractor, Palmerston. Bankers, Bank of New Zealand. This business was established in 1874 by the present proprietor's father, who retired to become a sheepfarmer at Middlemarch in 1891. The large wooden workshops, which are two stories in height, together with the timber yard, occupy a freehold of half an acre, adjoining the railway. A great many of the important buildings of Palmerston were erected by the founder of the business, and many large building and bridge contracts in the district surrunding Palmerston, including the suspension bridge over the Shag river at Dunback, was undertaken and completed by him. Mr. E. H. Clark is further referred to as a member of the Palmerston Borough Council.
(Taieri and Peninsula Milk Supply, Ltd., proprietors), Main South Road, Palmerston South. The creamery was originally established as a dairy factory by the late Mr. Duncan, and the property was acquired by the company in 1898. There are two acres of land, and the creamery is a wooden building of one storey. There is a manager's residence on the property, and the machinery is driven by a six horse power steam engine.
, formerly Manager of the Shag Valley Creamery, was born at Manngatua, in 1865. He was educated in West Taieri, and was brought up to the dairy business at the Taieri and Peninsula Milk Supply Company's principal place of business in Dunedin. Mr. Watts was for five years at the Portobello Creamery, and was placed in charge at Palmerston when Mr. Duncan's property was acquired by the Company. He is an Oddfellow and has long been connected with the Hand and Heart Lodge, Dunedin. Mr. Watts was married, in 1890, to a daughter of Mr. W. H. Sarney, of Dunedin.
(Malcolm Allan, proprietor), Tiverton Street, Palmerston. This hostelry is one of the oldest in Palmerston, and was established about 1863. It is a twostorey wooden building, containing fourteen rooms, of which nine are bedrooms; the dining-room will seat eighteen guests, and there are several parlours. The billiard-room contains an Alcock table. There is good stabling behind the hotel.
, Proprietor, is referred to elsewhere as a member of the Palmerston Borough Council.
, J.P., Merchant and Commission Agent, Shag Valley Store, Tiverton Street, Palmerston. Bankers, Bank of New Zealand. This important business, which was established by the proprietor in 1864, is conducted in premises centrally situated in the leading business thoroughfare of Palmerston. The building, which is erected on freehold land, is built of brick and stone, and affords ample accommodation. A wide verandah spans the full width of the footpath. Mr. Arkle is an importer of the lines in which he deals, and has a wide circle of customers in the district. He is agent for the National Insurance Company. Further particulars of Mr. Arkle's career are given in the section devoted to municipal matters.
, Flour and Oatmeal Miller and Grain Merchant, Shag Valley Mills, Palmerston. Bankers, Bank of New Zealand. This mill, which was originally the property of Mr. W. J. Young, has been worked by the present proprietor since 1892. It is erected on freehold land, 110 acres in extent. The building is a four-storey wooden structure, and contains a complete up-to-date roller plant, driven by a fifteen horse-power water wheel, or, failing sufficient water, a twenty-five horse-power horizontal steam engine. The plant is known as a two-sack plant, and the trade is principally local, the surplus produce being sent to Dunedin. The brand is a “Valley Lily.”
was for many years one of the most prominent pastoralists of New Zealand. Latterly he lived at Mount Royal, Palmerston, Otago. This property, which adjoins the borough of Palmerston, consists of 23,400 acres of freehold land, and about 500 acres of leasehold. It carries in fairly good seasons about 30,000 sheep, chiefly Border Leicester crosses, in addition to a small herd of a few hundred head of cattle, the greater portion of the lands being pastoral. Mr. Douglas also owned the Waihao Downs estate, South Canterbury, consisting of 10,200 acres of freehold, less about 1500 acres sold by him in agricultural farms. Waihao Downs is of limestone formation, with rich clay subsoil, and is therefore admirably adapted for the growing of wheat and other cereals and root crops, as well as for sheep rearing and fattening. Since the inception of meat freezing for exportation about 10,000 freezers have been annually reared and fattened there for that purpose. Mr. Douglas was born in Perthshire, Scotland, in 1829, and as a farmer's son in Strathmore, where high class farming has long flourished, he acquired a taste for, and an acquaintance with matters relating to agriculture and stock. He was educated and trained in a lawyer's and factor's office, where he acquired a knowledge of business and a practical acquaintance with estate management, land reclamation and improvement, and agricultural and stock pursuits generally. This experience proved of much service to him in after life. His more experienced relations, however, directed his attention to commercial life as affording better opportunities of advancoment,
was born in Ross-shire, Scotland, in 1838, and during his earlier years he worked on his father's farm. In 1860 he arrived in New Zealand, and, as he had been accustomed to sheep in the Old Country, he went shepherding on a station in the Palmerston district, with which he continued to be closely connected, as a settler and a public man, till the time of his death on the 6th of August, 1901. It was at his own homestead in the Palmerston district that he died, it was in that district in June, 1901, that he was invested by the Duke of Cornwall and York with the insignia of knighthood, as his Royal Highness was travelling from Christchurch to Dunedin, and it is in the Palmerston district, on the summit of Pukeviti Hill, that a large and lofty cairn has been erected to his memory. He will, however, long be remembered throughout all New Zealand as a statesman who in his time did far-reaching work in settling the lands of the colony on liberal and enlightened principles. A sketch of his life is given at page 48 of the Wellington volume of this Cyclopedia. His character as a public man; and his work as an administrator, are indicated with some sympathy and insight in an article written by a New Zealand journalist, and published at Gore in the “Southern Standard” in April, 1899: “Whatever John McKenzie feels he feels strongly. He has not by nature much of the philosopher about him. He is, what Dr. Johnson loved, a good hater, but he is also a warmhearted friend; in fact, a lover of his friends. Of course, he sometimes exhibits the defects of his qualities, and this he does by occasionally jumping to conclusions where the actual premises do not warrant any jumping at all. On those occasions there is often also another kind of jumping—jumping on an enemy, or some one believed to be an enemy, with the impetuosity of a tiger. Woe to the person thus treated—not always with justice, and yet, out of no primary deliberate desire to do injustice. Still, when he is really aroused, whether with or without sufficient justification, there is always something that is dramatically stirring, dramatically infectious in the Celtic ardour of the Minister of Lands. At such times his eye, like the eye of an angry bull, burns with dark red fire, and his wrath sweeps to its object with the rush and roar of a mountain torrent in time of flood. The spectator with a sense of the dramatic, feels that he is being treated to an exhibition of the elemental forces of nature, and that he is obtaining a glimpse of Ajax or Achilles in the high places of their anger. What the object of the Minister's attention may think, or how he may feel, is another story. However, to rest here in estimating the character of the Minister for Lands would be to leave the reader with a very incomplete conception of that character. The reader will err, too, if he assumes from what has already been said that Mr. McKenzie is a quarrelsome man. Quarrel he certainly will, on provocation, and sometimes on a misapprehension as to provocation, but quarrelsome he is not in the ordinary sense of that word. In fact, I should say that he is, on the whole, wary of entering into disputes, but, once in them,
, in the county of Waihemo, is situated on the banks of the Shag river, nine miles by rail from Palmerston, and fifty miles north-west by rail from Dunedin. The township has a population of about 150, and the district is noted for its game—deer, hares, rabbits, ducks, and pigeons, and the river abounds in trout. There is a post and money order office, and, apart from farming, there are two gold-mining dredges working in the neighbourhood. There are two hotels in the district, and the road from Palmerston to Dunback is exceptionally good, and a favourite with cyclists. Hyde, twenty-four miles from Dunback, is the nearest point on the Otago Central railway.
, which is the terminus of the Palmerston-Dunback branch, is a wooden building with a ladies' waiting room, lobby, ticket and booking office, stationmaster's room and post and telegraph office. There is a large goods shed and engine shed, and a substantial passenger platform. In connection with the station there is also a fine water service. The station has been open since the completion of the line in 1888.
, Stationmaster, Postmaster and Telegraphist, at the Dunback Railway Station, joined the service in 1874, and served as a stationmaster at Te Auto for four years. Mr Venn also served for four years, at Kaikora, prior to 1892, when he was appointed to his present position.
, which was established about 1878, has a prominent site in the township. It is a wooden building of the ordinary design, and is situated on a section of four acres in extent. There is a large playground, and the school-house, which has five rooms, is prettily situated at the back of the school. The number on the roll is sixty-three, with an average attendance of about fifty, and the staff consists of the headmaster and one assistant.
, Headmaster of the Dunback Public School, was born in 1864 at Green Island, and was educated in Dunedin. He was trained for two years at the Normal Training College, and holds an E2 certificate. After acting as headmaster at Macrae's for two and a half years, he was appointed to the Dunback school. Mr. Mills is a member of the Palmerston branch of the New Zealand Educational Institute. He is prominent in connection with local sports, is vice-president of the Dunback Cricket Club, and has passed through all the chairs in the Dunback Lodge of the Independent Order of Oddfellows, Manchester Unity. Mr Mills was married, in 1888, to a daughter of Mr B. O'Neill, of Shag Valley, and has two sons and four daughters.
, formerly Manager of the Dunback Rabbit Factory and Meat Preserving Works, was born at Oamaru in 1870, and was educated at the Waitaki High School. He became accountant at the works in 1892, and was promoted to the managership in 1896. While at Dunback Mr. Battersby was a member and secretary of the local school committee, adn passed through all the chairs in the Loyal Dunback Lodge of Oddfellows. He was married, in 1898, to a daughter of Mr. A. Mitchell, of Waitaki, Mr. Battersby now (1904) resides in High Street Roslyn, near Dunedin.
, Storekeeper, Dunback. Mr. Urquhart was born in Ross-shire, Scotland, in 1853, and was brought up to milling in his native country. Before coming to New Zealand in October, 1881, he was employed in the West Street Roller Mills, Glasgow, said to be the first roller mills in Scotland. He came to Otago under engagement to the late Mr. J. Runciman, of Green Island, and brought from Leeds for Mr. Runciman a complete roller plant, which was installed under his supervision. Mr. Urquhart worked the mill successfully for five years, and then leased the Glen Park Mill, at Palmerston. He is now (1904), in business as a storekeeper at Dunback. Mr. Urquhart was married, in 1885, to a daughter of the late Mr. T. Donaldson, head miller for Mr. J. F. White, of the Kettock Mills, Aberdeen, and has one son.
, Farmer, Spring-bank, Dunback. Mr. Cockerill was born in 1858, in Tasmania, and was brought up to agricultural pursuits. He settled in Otago in 1875, and was engaged in the Shag Valley district, in mining and farming, until the year 1896, when he purchased the Springbank property, which contains sixty-one acres of freehold land. Mr. Cockerill ws married on the 28th of April, 1897, to a daughter of Mr. John Ferry, of Strabane, Ireland.
(William Orr McKellar, manager), Dunback. This property, which consists of eight thousand acres of freehold, and carries about six thousand sheep, is mostly pastoral country. It is the property of Mr. Malcolm McKellar.
, Manager of the Grange Estate, is the son of the proprietor, and was born in Oamaru in 1877 He was educated at the Waitaki Boys' High School, and was brought up to agricultural and pastoral pursuits. Mr. McKellar, who has been in charge of the “Grange” since 1896, is a member of the Palmerston Agricultural and Pastoral Society.
, at Green Valley, occupies a site of four acres in extent, and is a wooden building containing one large room with seating accommodation for sixty-two pupils. There are eleven children on the roll, with an average attendance of eight. The teacher's residence of five rooms is also a portion of the school premises.
, formerly Headmistress of the Waihemo Public School, was born at Waianakarua, and educated at the Waianakarua and Otepopo public schools. She served four years as a pupil teacher in Herbert, and after a year's training at the Normal school, Dunedin, was appointed relieving teacher at Balclutha, where she served for three months before being appointed to the Waihemo School, in 1899. [After this article was in type, Miss Ross was married to Mr. Robertson, of Maheno]
, Farmer, Whitecliff, Green Valley. Mr. Brown was born on the 19th of April, 1822, in Lanarkshire, Scotland. He was brought up to country pursuits, but subsequently engaged in coal mining, and came to New Zealand by the ship “Helenslea,” in 1868, when he settled in the Palmerston district. In 1878 he purchased land on the Shag River, and subsequently removed to Green Valley. Mr. Brown has served on the Green Valley Road Board, and school committee. He was married, in 1843, to a daughter of the late Mr. Robert Scott, of Lesmahagow, Scotland. Mrs Brown died in 1892, leaving six sons and three daughters, and there are now thirty-eight grandchildren and four great grandchildren.
, Farmer “Lennie,” Green Valley, Mr. McDonald was born in
, “Oakhill,” Green Valley. Mr. Muir's property consists of 800 acres of freehold and 4000 acres of leasehold land. He was born in Ayrshire, Scotland, in 1847, and accompanied his parents to Port Chalmers by the ship “Cornwall,” when he was two years of age; was educated at Green Island and Taieri schools, at the last of which the venerable Dr. Hislop was his teacher, and has been connected with country pursuits from his youth upwards. As a young man he was noted as an expert stockrider. Mr. Muir settled in Shag Valley in 1864, and was engaged in farming for some years. In 1879 he acquired his Green Valley property and has since resided on it. Mr. Muir has served as a member of the Green Valley school committee. He was married, in 1874, to a daughter of the late Mr. Alexander Gilmore, of Aberdeenshire, and has six sons and three daughters, and there are four grandchildren. Mr. Gilmore was noted in his own part of Scotland as a staunch and honoured supporter of the Free Church at the time of the Disruption in 1843.
, Sheepfarmer, Pig Root. The late Mr. John Freeland, who was well known in connection with Pig Root estate, was born in 1843 in Stirling. Scotland, brought up to mereantile life in Glasgow, and came to Port Chalmers by the ship “Sir William Myer.” After some years' experience on the diggings he served for two years as groom to Cobb and Co., at Waihemo, and was for seven years at Kyeburn with the same firm. In 1873 Mr. Freeland purchased the Pig Root estate, which consists of 700 acres of freehold and over 10,000 acres of leasehold; it depastures 6000 sheep. Mr. Freeland was married, in 1866, to a daughter of the late Mr. James Booth, of Kincardine, Scotland, and at his death, left four daughters and five sons.
, Farmer, Shingley Creek, Morrisons. Mr. Pollock was born at Lesmahagow, Scotland, in 1841, and was engaged from his earliest years in country pursuits. He arrived in Lyttelton, in May, 1863, by the ship “Sebastapol,” and after a short residence in Dunedin and the Taieri, he settled in Shag Valley, in 1867. In 1884, he leased land in the Shingley Creek district, and ten years later he acquired his freehold property, which consists of 200 acres. Mr. Pollock is a breeder of Ayrshire cattle, and possesses a well-bred stud bull. He was married on the 30th of December, 1862, to a daughter of the late Mr. G. Rodger, of Lesmahagow parish, and has six sons and one daughter.
is the centre of a coalmining district in the county of Waihemo, and is situated seven miles from Palmerston. The railway station of Shag Point Junction, near the township, is on the main line, forty-seven miles north from Dunedin. There are two notable mines in the neighbourhood, one belonging to the Shag Point Coal Company, and the other to the Allandale Coal Company. Shag Point has a public school, post and telephone office, one hotel, and a general store. There is good rabbit shooting for sportsmen, and the Shag river, near at hand, is well stocked with trout. On the summit of Pukiviti Hill, many hundreds of feet above the sea level, stands in solitary grandeur, the massive cairn erected to the memory of the late Sir John McKenzie, long notable as Minister of Lands and Agriculture in the Government of New Zealand.
, Limited. Messrs James Allen, M.H.R. (chairman), Allan McIntosh (managing director), and William Everest (secretary). Registered Office, Allan-dale Mine, Shag Point. Bankers, National Bank of New Zealand. This well-known mine, which has an area of 1000 acres of leasehold land, was opened up in 1888 by the managing director, after whom it was named. Mr. McIntosh worked the mine on his own account for the first two years, and was then joined by Mr. Allen under the style of McIntosh and Allen, the company being incorporated in 1890. An incline drive 1000 feet in length has been sunk, and three distinct seams of pitch coal, varying from four feet to nine feet in thickness, are being worked; the annual output ranging from 20,000 to 25,000 tons of good marketable steam and household coal. The machinery employed consists of a double cylinder horizontal steam engine of twenty horse-power, and a large Tangye pump at the end of the main adit, which will throw 10,000 gallons per hour, and is capabale of ejecting the accumulated water of twenty-four hours in an eight hours' shift. There is also—for cases of emergency—a reserve pump by Blakey with a capacity of 5000 gallons per hour; but this pump is seldom required. About fifty persons find steady employment at the Allandale mine. A private railway has been constructed from the mine to Bushey station, two miles distant, and the company owns a locomotive and complete mining plant for placing its coal on the Government line, for transmission to the markets.
, the Managing Director and discoverer of the Allandale mine, was born in Glasgow in 1842, and was brought up as a coal miner at Baillieston, near Glasgow. He came out to the Colonies in 1862, by the “Eastern Empire,” and landed in Sydney. After three years at Newcastle, where he found employment in the coal trade, he crossed the Tasman Sea to Hokitika at the time of the gold “rush.” Shortly afterwards he came to Otago and was employed in gold-mining at Macrae's for six months, and for a similar period in coalmining at Green Island. He went back for eighteen months to Newcastle, New South Wales, but returned to the Colony as manager of Mr. Pollock's Coal Mine at Green Island, and was appointed in February, 1871, to the charge of the Shag Point Colliery, which he controlled till 1878. On retiring from that position Mr. McIntosh opened a general store in the building in which he has since resided, and conducted the business till he opened up the Allandale mine ten years later. Mr. McIntosh has taken part in local affairs generally, and served as a member of the Shag Point school committee for several years. He was married in September, 1869, to a daughter of the late Mr. W. Williams, of London, and has had ten sons and six daughters, of whom five sons and five daughters survive.
was formerly Mine Manager of the Allandale Coal Company's Mine at Shag Point. He was born in Edinburgh, Scotland, in 1867, and was educated partly in Scotland and partly at Dunedin, where he arrived by the last trip of the ship “Peter Denny,” in 1874. Mr. Gillanders was brought up as a mechanical engineer and served his time with Kincaid and McQueen in Dunedin. After completing his apprenticeship he worked for some time at his trade in that city. In 1891 he was appointed engineer in charge of the machinery at Shag Point, where he remained till 1893, when he joined the service of the Allandale Company as engineer. He was appointed underground foreman in 1896, and promoted to the managership of the mine in the following year. Mr. Gillanders was married in 1893 to a daughter of Mr. A. McIntosh, managing director of the Allandale Company, and has two daughters and one son.
. The mine is opened up to a depth of 405 feet, from which drives have been extended 1050 feet under the sea. Six seams varying in thickness from two feet six inches to eight feet have already been discovered and large quantities of coal are regularly shipped to the colonial markets. The machinery is worked from two large Galloway boilers, built
Inst. M.E., Manager of the Shag Point Mine, was born at Loch Winnoch, Renfrewshire. Scotland, in 1849. He was educated at Dairy, Ayrshire, where he was brought up to mining and became a deputy mine manager and contractor before he left for New Zealand. Mr. Shore landed at Port Chalmers, by the ship “Invercargill,” in 1879, and was employed at the Kaitangata mine for three years, at Westport for a like period, and was manager at Orepuki for two years. He afterwards became manager at Hokonui and subsequently for about five years at Walton Park, and was appointed to the managership at Shag Point in 1894. Mr. Shore became a member of the Institute of Mining Engineers in 1890. He is a Scotch Mason, and was initiated in Lodge Blair, 290, at Dairy. He is now attached to the Palmerston Lodge, and has passed all the chairs. Mr. Shore was married in 1871 to a daughter of the late Mr. A. Nibblock, of Wigtonshire, and has a surviving family of three sons and one daughter.
, formerly Engine Driver at the Shag Point Mine, was born in Herkshiro, England, in 1867, and came to Port Chalmers with his parents, by the ship “Lutterworth,” when he was five years of age. He was educated at Moeraki and Shag Point, entered the service of the Company in 1882, and was entrusted with the onerous duties of driver in 1886. Mr. Rixon was married on the 7th of June, 1894, to a daughter of the late Mr. M. Todd, farmer, of Shag Valley, and has five sons.
, formerly Engineer of the Shag Point Colliery, was born in 1865 at Port Chalmere and educated in Dunedin. He served seven years' apprenticeship to the firm of Cossens and Black, and after a year as engineer of the s.s. “Theodore,” on Lake Wanaka, he took charge as engineer of the Cromwell mine for three years. After a short digging experience in Marlborough, Mr. Latimer was for a year engaged in gold dredging, on his own account, at Deep Stream. He then became dredgemaster of the suctiondredge working at Anderson's Bay in the Dunedin Harbour, and seven months later went to Macetown as battery manager and engineer of the Tipperary Mine, and engineer for the Sunrise and Premier Mines. In 1894 Mr. Latimer was appointed engineer at the Shag Point mine. He was married on the 2nd of November, 1897, to a daughter of Mr. A. Buchanan, of Naseby.
, formerly one of the Engine Drivers at the Shag Point mine, was born in 1851 in Bothwell, Lanarkshire, Scotland. His education was gained in his native place, and he began to work in a coalmine when he was ten years of age. For a number of years he was connected with coalmining in Scotland, and landed in Port Chalmers on Boxing Day, 1880, by the ship “Auckland.” Soon afterwards he went to Shag Point, and worked as a miner for about two years, and was appointed engine driver in 1883. Mr. Prentice was married, in 1871, to a daughter of Mr. J. Mitchell, late of Kaikorai, and has seven sons and four daughters.
, formerly Engine Driver in the employment of the Shag Point Colliery Company, is a son of Mr. W. H. Williams, Crown Lands Ranger in South Canterbury. He was born at One-hunga, Auckland, in 1870, and educated at Shag Point and at Waitaki High School. In 1883 he entered the service of the Company,
, (C. Burrell, proprietor). Shag Point. This hotel is situated on the Shag Valley Road about two miles from the Point. It is a wooden building of one storey, and contains fourteen rooms, of which eight are bedrooms. In the well furnished dining-room there is seating accommodation for twelve guests. The billiard-room contains one of Alcock's tables. There is good stabling behind the hotel.
, formerly Proprietor of the Pukiviti Hotel, was born in Edinburgh in 1858, and was educated in his native city. He arrived at Port Chalmers in 1879, per ship “Timaru,” and joined the service of the Union Steamship Company, as a steward, and was for many years well-known in connection with the coastal service. Having risen to the position of chief steward. Mr. Miller went to England in 1890, and returned to the Colony as chief steward of the s.s. “Taviuni.” In 1893 he retired from the Union Company's service, and became proprietor of the Pukiviti Hotel. Mr. Miller was married, in 1890, to a daughter of the late Mr. C. McVeigh, of Dumbarton.
, General Storekeeper, Shag Point Bankers, Bank of New Zealand. Private residence, Main Street. The proprietor, who has been a Justice of the Peace since 1896, established this business in 1883. The store is one of the most prominent in the township, and full and well assorted stocks of groceries, drapery, hardware and other lines are kept. Mr. Goodley was born in Dalry, Ayrshire, Scotland, in 1858, and was educated and apprenticed to the grocery trade in his native land. He arrived in Port Chalmers, by the ship “Canterbury,” in 1880, and settled in Palmerston South, where he was for two years in the employment of Mr. J. Maedonald, prior to establishing his own business. Mr. Goodley is a member of the Palmerston Masonic Lodge No. 26, of which he was worshipful master in 1897–8. As a Druid, he is connected with the Rose of Palmerston Lodge. Mr. Goodley was married, in 1886, to a daughter of Mr. E. Clark, of Horse Range, near Palmerston, and has, surviving, five sons.
, Butcher, Shag Point. Private residence, Pukiviti. This business is the oldest established butchery at Shag Point, and has been conducted by the present proprietor since 1895. The premises consist of a leasehold shop and dwelling in the main street, and a considerable business is done with customers in various parts of the district. Mr. Fraser was born in Sutherlandshire, Scotland, in 1870. He arrived in Port Chalmers, by the ship “Nelson,” and was educated at the Shag Point and Palmerston schools, and served his apprenticeship as a butcher in Palmerston. Mr. Fraser, who is unmarried, is a Past Master of the Loyal Palmerston Lodge of Oddfellows.
, Settler, Pukiviti. Mr. Mr Fraser was born in Sutherlandshire, Scotland, in 1846. He was brought up to farming, and arrived with his family at Port Chalmers, by the ship “Nelson,” in 1874. Mr. Fraser has been well known in the district since his arrival, and has carried on business as a farmer. He has been a member of the Pukiviti school committee since 1886, and was for about nine years its chairman. While he was in Scotland, Mr. Fraser was for ten years a member of the Sutherlandshire artillery. He was married in November, 1868, to a daughter of Mr. D. Bruce, of Helmsdale, Sutherlandshire, and has six sons and four daughters.
is one of the pleasantest seaside resorts in Otago. The adjacent railway station, only a mile away, is known by the name of Hillgrove, which is also the name of the local postal district. Moeraki in itself is a fishing port, and a large number of boats are engaged in the fishing industry. The adjacent land has a genial north-eastern aspect, and as it is dotted with knolls and with clumps of bush, it has quite an areadian look. There is a Maori kaike and reserve at Moeraki, and a portion of the beach is strewn with boulders of great size and remarkable shape. Private boarding is obtainable, and during the summer months a large number of holiday keepers visit Moeraki. As long ago as 1842 a shipment of potatoes, grown by the Maoris at Moeraki, was taken to Wellington, and from that time dates the reputation of North Otago as a potato-producing district. The circumstances under which this historic shipment was made are described at page 364 of the Canterbury volume of this Cyclopedia.
, which was established in 1890, occupies a site of about two acres in extent. The building in of wood, and has two rooms, with accommodation for eighty scholars. The roll number is sixty-five, and the average attendance is fifty-five.
, Headmaster of the Moeraki Public School, was born in 1868, in Dunedin, where he was educated at the local Normal and High schools. After two years at the Normal Training College, he was appointed under the Education Board, and has occupied his present position since 1895. Mr. Bell was married in 1894, to a daughter of Mr. Charles Russell, of Merry Hill Farm, Seacliff, and has two sons and three daughters.
, Settler, Port Moeraki. Mr. Mouat was born in 1834 at Lerwick in the Shetland Isles, where he was educated, and served an apprenticeship oof four years at sea. He was at sea altogether for twelve years, and became mate of a coasting vessel in New South Wales. Mr. Mouat settled at Port Moeraki in 1875, and has ever since been associated with the district. He owns four and a half acres of land in the township, and has a seven roomed house, from which a charming view of the beach is obtainable. The house is usually let during the summer months to visitors from Dunedin, and Mr. and Mrs. Mouat occupy a cottage at the back. Mr. Mouat was married in 1871 to a daughter of the late Mr. P. Hunter, of Lerwick.
is on the main line of railway, and is situated fifty-four miles north from Dunedin and twenty-four to the south of Oamaru. Port Moeraki, about one mile distant, is connected by a good road with Hillgrove, and is noted as a fishing village, and a holiday resort, with a salubrious elimate and charming scenery. There is a post office and railway station at Hillgrove, and the population is about one hundred. Apart from farming, the chief industries consist in the Hillgrove freezing works and in fishing. Hillgrove has a boardinghouse, and there is good camping ground near the beach. The roads are also good for cycling.
, Hillgrove. This property consists of 2250 acres of freehold, about 2000 acres of which is leased by Mr. James Ross, of Kartigi. The homestead stands on a hill, whence very fine views of land and sea are obtainable, and is occupied by Mrs. Culling, widow of the late proprietor, Mr. Joseph Culling.
was born in 1837, at Keinton, Somerset, England, educated at Bruton, and brought up to business as a wool sorter. He was a brother of Mr. Thomas Culling, of the firm of Coulls, Culling and Co., Dunedin, arrived in Lyttelton, in 1853, and was for some time associated with his brother, who was then a printer at Lyttelton. Subsequently he managed his brother's farm at Silverstream, North Taieri. On the opening of the Otago goldfields, Mr. Culling was attracted thither, and was for some years in business as a carting contractor, and owned several teams. He afterwards purchased a farm at North Taieri, and became interested with his brother in the North Taieri Flour Mills, which he managed. The family settled on the Hillgrove station in November, 1870, and Mr. Culling carried on sheeptanning till his death in 1891. He was married in 1860 to a daughter of Mr. J. Jefferis, of Racecourse Hotel, North Taieri. This lady died in 1863, leaving one daughter. In 1865 Mr Culling was married to Miss Margaret Ogilvie, a daughter of the late Mr. N. J. B. McGregor, of Silverstream, North Taieri, and at his death he left six daughters and five sons, one daughter having since died. Mr. Culling's eldest daughter is married, and also his eldest son.
, Farmer, Trotter's Creek, Hillgrove. Mr. Trotter is a son of the late Mr. W. S. Trotter, well known as a large run-holder for many years. Mr. Trotter, senior, landed in New Zealand in 1840, and died in 1893, and the subject of this sketch was born at Trotter's Creek estate, in 1857. He was brought up to agricultural and pastoral pursuits in the Colony. In 1876 he became manager of his father's station of Greenvale, near Kingston, Lake Wakatipu, and continued in charge till 1898, when he entered into possession of the Trotter's Creek property, which consists of 350 acres of freehold. During his residence in the Lake district Mr. Trotter was at one time a member of the Kingston school committee and of the Lake County Rabbit Board. He was married in 1882 to a daughter of the late Mr. A. Meikle-john, proprietor of Mount Creighton station, Lake Wakatipu, and has three sons and four daughters.
is a pleasantly situated borough on the main line of railway, twenty-one miles south of Oamaru, and fifty-seven miles north from Dunedin, and is in the county of Waikouaiti. The district was at one time thickly covered with native bush, but the timber proved to be so valuable for building and fencing that very little of the bush now remains. There is a population of between three and four hundred in the borough which has a post, telegraph and money-order office; a District High School; four churches—Presbyterian, Roman Catholic, Anglican and Church of Christ; an Athenaeum; a good hotel and several boardinghouses; and also a branch bank. A courthouse and borough council chambers are among the more recent buildings. Hampden, as a progressive borough, has done much to beautify the district, and bathing sheds have been erected on the beach for the free use of residents and visitors. There are good roads for cycling, and the pleasant little port of Moeraki, four miles distant, may be reached by road or the sea beach. Hampden is built on rising ground, and commands a good view of the neighbouring country and of the sea.
has an area of 640 acres, a capital rateable value of £18,000, and a population of 310. A general rate of 3/4d in the £ is levied. The receipts from all sources for the year 1903 amounted to £351 12s 7d, and the expenditure to £353 15s 5d. There is a common reserve of 150 acres, and twelve small municipal reserves. Mr. William Nicholson is Mayor, and the councillors are Messrs W. Murcott, D. E. Lefevre, D. C. Dunbar, D. Booth, D. E. Booth, G. Gould, G. McCrmack, H. Hutchings, and T. Gdanitz. Mr. Archibald A. McWilliam is Town Clerk.
, Mayor of Hampden, also represent the Moeraki riding on the Waitaki County Council, and is a well known farmer at Woodside, near Hampden, where he owns 1400 acres of freehold land, on which he runs about 2000 sheep and 100 head of cattle. Mr. Nicolson also crops about 250 acres of his land. He was born in the Shetland Islands, in 1845, educated at Lerwick, and came to New Zealand in 1865, by the ship “Parai.” After living a short time in the Taieri district Mr. Nicolson went to North Otago and South Canterbury, and for a few years was employed contracting for various works. He settled in the Hampden district in 1882, was elected to the county council in 1896, has been a member of school committees for about thirty years, and for a number of years chairman of the Hampden school committee; has been for seven years a director of the Taieri and Peninsula Dairy Company, a member of the Otago Education Board, and Mayor of Hampden on several occasions. Mr. Nicolson was married in 1862 to a daughter of Mr. Charles McDonald, of Caithness-shire, Scotland, and has four sons and four daughters.
, J.P., who was the first Mayor of Hampden, Mayor again from 1895 to 1898, and a member of the Council from the inauguration of the borough till the end of 1898, is now (1904) again a member. He was born at Kenil worth, Warwickshire, England, in 1831. Mr. Murcott was educated, and brought up in his native place as a carpenter and joiner, came to Victoria in 1854, was goldmining for upwards of four years on the Heathcote and McIvor goldfields, and afterwards in business as a builder and contractor until he returned to England in 1860. He arrived in Dunedin on Boxing Day, 1860, by the “Stormbird,” from Melbourne, and in the following April, he settled in Hampden, and built the Hampden Hotel, which he conducted for fifteen years. On leaving the hotel, Mr. Murcott built his residence, “Aldergrove,” on his freehold section of forty-six acres, where he has since lived. He was a member of the firm of McKenzie, Paisley and Co., who constructed the Kartigi section of New Zealand railways, and when the contract was completed he settled down as a grazier, having acquired 1100 acres of freehold and 300 acres of leasehold to the west of Hampden. His property is named “Kenilworth.” Mr. Murcott is a sheep and cattle breeder and rears some very fine crossbreds from Lincoln and Leicester sheep. He has been a prominent member of all the public bodies in Hampden; is a member of the school committee, on which he has continuously held a seat since its formation, and was a member and chairman of the Moeraki Harbour Board, during the latter part of its history. He also acted on the Hampden and Chalgrore Road Hoards, and served six years as a member of the Waitaki County Council for Moeraki riding. In the early days, Mr. Murcott was a warden of Moeraki Hundred for several years. He has served for years on the local Athenaeum committee and holds office as president, and is also chairman of
, who has been a member of the Hampden Borough Council for many years, also serves on the Athenæum and school committees, and is a lieutenant in the local volunteer corps. Mr. Lefevre carries on business as a butcher at Hampden.
, who has served on the Hampden Borough Council for many years, is a member of the Reserves Committee. He is also a member of the local school committee. Mr. Dunbar carries on business as a storekeeper at Hampden.
, who was elected to the Hampden Borough Council in April, 1903, is further referred to as a general merchant, at Hampden.
, who was elected to the Hampden Borough Council in April, 1903, is a member of the reserves committee. He is also a member of the Hampden Brass Band, and serves on the committee of the local football club. Mr. Booth is the second son of Mr. D. Booth, of Hampden, and was born at Maheno. He completed his education at the Otago Boys' High School, Dunedin, and soon afterwards went to New South Wales, where he was engaged in mercantile pursuits for three years. Since his return to New Zealand Mr. Booth has been associated with his father in their successful business at Hampden.
has been a Member of the Hampden Borough Council since 1896. He was born in the parish of Glass, Banffshire, Scotland, in 1860, and accustomed to a country life on his father's farm from infancy. When only eighteen years of age he came to Port Chalmers, by the ship “Wellington.” In June, 1882, after being three years in the Oamaru district, he entered the service of the New Zealand and Australian Land Company at Moeraki station as head ploughman, and in 1888 was promoted to the position of working overseer. He is a member of the local school committee. Mr. Gould was married in 1899 to a daughter of Mr. J. Stewart, of Kirwee, Canterbury.
, who has been a member of the Hampden Borough Council for several years, is a coal merchant in the borough.
, who has served on the Hampden Borough Council since 1901, is a member of the Reserves Committee. He is engaged in farming at Hampden.
, who was elected a member of the Hampden Borough Council in 1901, is a member of the Works Committee. He was born in Germany, and arrived in Wellington in 1874 by the ship “Reitchatag,” from Hamburg. Mr. Gdanitz is engaged in farming at Hampden.
, Town Clerk and Returning Officer of Hampden, was born at Moeraki, in 1862. He was educated in the Hampden district, and brought up to agricultural pursuits. Mr. McWilliam is the owner of a freehold farm of 150 acres. He has held the office of town clerk since 1889, and has long been connected with local institutions, such as the Cemetery Trust and Mechanics' Institute and the local school committee. His volunteer experience dates back to 1879, when he became a member of the Hampden Rifles, in which he served until the disbandment of that corps, and was successively lieutenant and captain. He still holds the latter rank. Mr. McWilliam was married, in 1884, to a daughter of Mr. P. Carmichael, of Hampden, and has five sons and three daughters.
was born in the Hutt Valley, Wellington, on the 20th of May, 1848, and became a landed proprietor in 1880. Since that time he has conducted a dairy farm on his property. He became connected with the local borough council in 1879. On one occasion he was Mayor for three, years in succession, and was re-elected to the office for the year 1899. He has also served on the Hampden school committee, and takes a leading part in connection with the local Church of Christ. Mr. Doreen was married, in 1874, to a daughter of Mr. T. McCormick, of Hampden, and has six sons and four daughters.
, who served as a Councillor of the Borough of Hampden for four years, was, born in Aberdeenshire, Scotland, in 1842, and brought up to farm work. He came to Otago, in the ship “Aboukir,” at the age of twenty, worked at farm work for about seven years, and was a prize-taker with the swing-plough in the Taieri and Oamaru districts. For about six years he was engaged in constructing a water-race on the Maere-whenua goldfield, and was platelaying for contractors on the railway between Waitaki and Port Moeraki for about two years. He
was one of the first members of the Hampden Borough Council, of which he has been almost continuously a member, and he has also been mayor of the borough. He was born in Kerry, Ireland, in 1853, of Scottish parents, who arrived in Port Chalmers, by the ship “Strathfieldsaye,” in 1858. The family settled on the Peninsula, but removed to the Moeraki district in 1869. Mr. Douglass was brought up to business and established himself us a blacksmith and wheelwright at Hampden, in 1874. Besides serving on the Council he has boon a member of the local school committee. Mr. Douglass was married, in 1877, to a daughter of Mr. W. Blackwood, storekeeper, of Caversham, and has five sons and three daughters.
, who served as a Councillor of the Borough of Hampden for one term, resides on Townhead Farm, which is 113 acres in extent, including a reserve of twenty acres. The farm is said to be the first original homestead taken up in Hampden by Messrs Wright and Miller, and the first wooden house erected in the borough is still standing on the property, on which also the first accommodation house was built. Besides this farm Mr. Gillies owns 200 acres, known as Bellgrove. Mr. Gillies was born in 1842 at Lochgilphead, Argyleshire, and trained to country pursuits. He came to Port Chalmers in 1869, by the “E.P. Bouverie,” and settled in Hampden, where he purchased Townhead Farm in 1875. Mr. Gillies has for about a quarter of a century been a member of the Hampden school committee. He served on the Hampden Road Board, has taken a prominent part in connection with the local Athenæum, and still serves on the committee, and is one of the cemetery trustees. He has served over twenty years in the Hampden Rifles, most of the time as colour-sergeant. Mr. Gillies was married on the 26th of November, 1874, to a daughter of the late Mr. S. Cague, of County Down, Ireland, and has three sons and two daughters.
, which is a wooden building of the usual design, contains a stationmaster's room, a ticket office, and a post and telegraph office. There is a ladies' waiting room, a public lobby, and a large asphalt platform, with a substantial stone kerbing. On the station property a large goods-shed is in use, and there is a yard for loading live stock. Mr. E. H. Lewton in stationmaster and postmaster.
stands on a section of an acre and a half, and fronts two streets. The building, which is of wood, contains four rooms, with accommodation for 200 children. A large playground surrounds the school, and a covered shed is available in wet weather. The schoolhouse, of eight rooms, stands on a corner of the property, and there is also a glebe of twelve acres and a half belonging to the school. Formerly a primary school, it was formed into a High School in 1902. The number of names on the roll is 150, and there is an average attendance of 130. Already four pupils, who have passed the civil service examinations, have obtained appointments in the service. Special features of the school are cottage gardening, a cadet corps, a gymnasium for the boys, and cooking classes for the girls. Separate gymnasium and cooking rooms are about to be erected.
, M.A., was appointed headmaster of the Hampden District High School in 1902, when the school was formed into a district high school. He was born at Milton, Otago, served as a pupil teacher at Ravensbourne, and graduated M.A. at the Otago University in 1892. Mr. Patterson was master of the Waipahi and Kurow schools, and first assistant master at the Milton District High School, before receiving his present appointment in 1003. During his residence st Milton he was secretary of the local lodge of Oddfellows. Mr. Patterson married a daughter of Mr. Hallberg, of Waipahi.
, formerly Headmaster of the Hampden Public School—before it was raised to the status of a District High School—was born in the parish of Daviot, Inverness-shire, Scotland, in 1838. He was the son of a schoolmaster, was brought up in the Island of Lewis, educated at the Normal School, Edinburgh, and at Glasgow University, and was engaged for two years by the Edinburgh Ladies' Association for the extension of education in the Highlands of Scotland. Mr. Watt arrived at Port Chalmers on the 23rd of March, 1866, by theship “Helenslea.” He joined the Education Department, and till 1874 he was headmaster at Palmeraton South school. After a
, which occupies a section of a quarter of an acre in the main street, is a stone building with seating accommodation for nearly 200 worshippers. The average attendance is about 130. There is a Sunday school connected with the church, and services are conducted by the resident minister at Waianakarua, Moeraki, and Kartigi, at all of which places there are also Sunday schools. The manse, which is a seven-roomed house, occupies a site within the borough on five acres of land, from which a magnificent view can be obtained.
, the Minister in charge of the Hampden district, was born in Roxburghshire, Scotland, and educated at parish schools. Mr. Nichol studied for the church at Edinburgh, and came to Port Chalmers in the month of May, 1874, by the ship “James Nicol Fleming.” He was engaged in mission work for four years in the South Island, and afterwards removed to Hawke's Bay, where he was stationed at Wairoa for three years. Before settling in Hampden in 1889 he officiated for over six years at Havelock, Hawke's Bay, where his district included Hastings and Clive.
, which was founded about 1870, has its domicile in a wooden building, which consists of a hall and public room, and is erected on a site of three-quarters of an acre in the centre of the borough. There are about 700 volumes in the library and local and illustrated papers are supplied to the reading room.
, General Blacksmith and Wheelwright, Hampden. Bankers, Bank of New Zealand. Established in 1874. Mr. Douglass's premises, which comprise a large shop and convenient dwelling, are centrally situated on a freehold section of an acre in extent. Mr. Douglass is referred to elsewhere in connection with the Hampden Borough Council, and with his business at Herbert.
, the property of the Taieri and Peninsula Milk Supply Company, Ltd., occupies a site on the main road at Hampden. The building is of wood and was erected in 1890 by the New Zealand Dairy Supply Company, the present company having purchased it in 1896. The creamery is equipped with two De Laval separators, and the plant is worked by a five horse-power Tangye engine. About ninety farmers supply milk, and about 1000 gallons are put through daily.
, Manager of the Hampden Creamery, was born in the town of Lanark, Lanarkshire, Scotland, in 1873. In 1874, he came with his parents to Port Chalmers, by the ship “Jessie Readman.” and was brought up to farming. Mr. Wilson joined the service of the company at Portobello, and was promoted to the position of manager in 1897. On the 26th of February, 1900, he married the third daughter of the late Mr. Alexander Thomson, of Hampden.
(John Richard McKenzie McBride, proprietor), Hampden. This hostelry which was established about 1868, is a two storey wooden building containing twelve rooms, of which seven are bedrooms. Besides a comfortable dining-room, where twenty guests can be seated, there are two cosy sitting-rooms, and there is convenient stabling behind the hotel.
, formerly proprietress of the Clyde Hotel, Hampden, was born near Paisley, Scotland, and landed at Port Chalmers in January, 1863, from the ship “Aboukir,” with her father, Mr. J. Houston, of Palmerston South. Before acquiring the Clyde Hotel, in July, 1898, Mrs. Johnston had experience in connection with the trade in Outram and at Lee Stream. Mrs. Johnston was married in 1872 and has one son and one daughter.
, General Merchant, Hampden. Bankers, Bank of New Zealand. The business carried on by Mr. Booth was established about 1879, and purchased by him in 1893. The buildings are of wood and iron, one storey in height, and comprise the store and dwelling, a bakery, coalshed, and stable. and are situated in the centre of the borough on a freehold section of a quarter of an acre. Mr. Booth maintains a well assorted stock of drapery, grocery, ironmongery and grass and crockeryware. His connection extends over a large area of country surrounding Hampden. He was born at North Ouram, near Halifax, Yorkshire, in 1839, served an apprenticeship to the soft goods trade in Bradford, and became a commercial traveller before he was twenty-one years of age. In 1862 he came to Port Chalmers, by the ship “Akbar,” and for three years underwent a rough goldfield experience at Tuapeka, Molyneux, and the Dunstan. From 1863 to 1872 he was in business as a storekeeper at Cromwell.
, Farmer, Hampden. Mr. Campbell, who is a son of the late Mr. Charles Campbell, was born in Argyleshire, Scotland, in 1850, and accompanied his father to the Colony nine years later. Mr. Campbell was educated in the North Taieri and Hampden districts, and brought up to agricultural pursuits. He managed his father's property for a number of years prior to 1897, and has since then farmed the estate on his own account.
, Farmer, “Hilltop Farm,” Hampden: This property consists of 400 acres of freehold and 125 of leasehold, and has been occupied by Mr. Duncan for many years. Mr. Duncan was born in Dumdarton, Scotland, where he was trained as a shipcarpenter. He arrived at Lyttelton, by the ship “Matoaka,” in 1861, and settled in the Hampden district in 1863. Since then, except for twelve months on the West Coast, he has been a resident in the district. In the early days Mr. Duncan served on the Hampden Road Board. He married a daughter of the late Mr. Archibald Douglas, of Perthshire, and has two sons and five daughters.
, Farmer, “Park House Farm,” Hampden. This old settler was born in 1826, in County Durham, England, where he was brought up to mining and pastoral pursuits. He landed in Melbourne, by the ship “Red Jacket,” in 1854, and after living nine years in Victoria, he came to Otago, where he was engaged in mining for one year, and afterwards for eight years on the West Coast. Mr. Hodgson settled at Hampden in the year 1872. His property consists of 258 acres of freehold land, and 221 acres of leasehold. Prior to the establishment of the borough council, Mr. Hodgson served as a member of the local road board. In 1868 he was married to a daughter of the late Mr. John Luddy, of Kilbeheny, Ireland, and has five daughters and six sons.
, one of the properties of the New Zealand and Australian Land Company, comprises 5300 acres of freehold and 40,000 acres of leasehold land, and is situated almost entirely between the main road from Hampden to Waianakarua and the sea beach, only about 1200 acres being on the inland side of the road. The sheep on the estate number from 28,000 to 30,000, and the cattle 150. From twenty-five to thirty men are regularly employed on the property, and extra assistance is required at shearing and harvest times.
, Manager of Moeraki Station, was born in Renfrewshire, Scotland, in 1856. He came to the Colony with his parents in 1859, was trained as an agriculturist on one of the company's stations, and appointed manager at Moeraki in 1880 Mr. Macaulay was married, in 1887, to a daughter of Mr. D. Herbert, of Tapanui, and has two daughters and one son.
, sometime of “Glenrose,” Hampden, was born in Ayrshire, Scotland, in 1812. At the age of nine years Mr. Campbell left for the Highlands of Scotland to live with a childless uncle, by whom he was brought up, and with whom he remained till his uncle's death. Mr. Campbell arrived in Port Chalmers in 1859, by the ship “Alpine.” After two years and a half in the Taieri district, he settled at Hampden and purchased 300 acres of land. In the early days he acted as a member of the local school committee and road board, and was a warden of the hundreds before the establishment of local governing bodies. He also took an interest in church work as a member of the Hampden Presbyterian Church, of which he was a manager. Mr. Campbell was married, in 1841, to a daughter of the late Mr. McKinnon, of Argyleshire. Scotland. Mrs. Campbell died in 1896, leaving two sons and two daughters. Mr. Campbell, who had thirty-eight grandchildren and two great-grandchildren, died about two years ago (1904).
is the name given to a railway station and agricultural settlement seventeen miles to the south of Oamaru, between Herbert and Hampden. The district is noted for the romantic beauty of the scenery on portions of the Waianakarua creek, and has a public school and a post office; the nearest telegraph office is at Herbert, four miles distant. Waiakarua also has a hotel and a large flour mill. The main road is good, but hilly, and sportsmen can get good rabbit shooting in the reighbourhood. The English meaning of the Maori name is “The Meeting of the Waters,” as the Otepopo and Waianakarua rivers conjoin in the locality.
which is conducted in a wooden building of two rooms, with accommodation for 110 scholars, is situated on a glebe of ten acre. There are forty scholars on the roll, and the average attendance is thirty-four. The school surrounded by a spacious playground, and the headmaster's residence is situated on the properly.
, Headmaster of Waianakarua Public School, was born in County Antrim, Ireland, on the 14th of October, 1850 He was educated at the national schools, trained at the Normal College, Dublin, became licensed to teach under the Irish education system, and was engaged in that work for five years prior to coming to the Colony. Mr. Blair arrived in Port Chalmers in the year 1882, by the ship “Jessie Readman,” to join the staff of the Otago Education Board. He was successively master of the school at Clarke's Flat, near Lawrence, for eighteen months, and at Southbridge for eighteen months. After six years at Beaumont, Mr. Blair was appointed to his present position in October, 1891. He is a member of the Hampden Presbyterian Church, and has served as a member of the Synod of Otago and Southland. Mr. Blair was married, in 1882, to a daughter of the late Mr. James McMeekin, of County Antrim, and he has three daughters.
, Farmer, “Sea View,” Waianakarua, Mr. Brown was born in Aberdeen, Scotland, in 1845, brought up to country life, and arrived in Port Chalmers by the ship “Viola,” in 1863. He was for five years in the Taieri and Tokomairiro districts, but in 1868 he came to Kakanui, and for some years was engaged in contract ploughing and other farm work. In 1876 he became a land owner in the Waianakarua district, in which he has continued to reside. Mr. Brown has been a member of the local school committee since 1896, and has held office as one of the managers of the Otepopo Presbyterian Church since 1897. He was married in 1878 to a daughter of Mr. James Knox, of Dunedin, and has five daughters and three sons.
, Farmer, “Chalgrove,” Waianakarua. This old settler who has resided in the district for about forty years, was born in the Shetland Isles in 1827. He was brought up to country pursuits, but went to sea at the age of seventeen, served an apprenticeship of four years, and was before the mast till 1852, when he left his ship in Melbourne. After about eighteen years' experience on the Victorian diggings, Mr. Robertson arrived at Port Chalmers at the end of 1859, and at once settled in the Hampden district, where he bought a portion of his farm at the first land sale. He has 340 acres of freehold in a good state of cultivation.
, A township in the county of Waitaki, is on the main line of railway, and lies thirteen miles south-west from Oamaru. It has a population of 400, and its only hotel was closed some years ago under the local option vote. The district is devoted to farming, and has a dairy factory and creamery; also a post and telegraph office, a public school, and a handsome Presbyterian church and manse. The main roads are good for cycling, and the sea coast is six miles distant. There is a temperance hotel, and private boarding is obtainable. To sportsmen the district yields wild-pig hunting and hare shooting.
, which is also the local Post and Telegraph office, is a wooden building, with a ladies' waiting-room, public lobby, ticket office and stationmaster's room, and a public vestibule for postal purposes. There is a large asphalt passenger platform, and also a convenient goods-shed. The stationmaster, Mr. A. Beekman, is assisted by a cadet.
stands on a fine site in a central position. It is the oldest school in the district and originally served Maheno and Kakanui, which now have their own schools and committees. Nine acres of land are attached to the Otepopo school, which is a stone building containing two rooms, with accommodation for nearly 200 children. There is an average attendance of about 100. Ladders and bars have been erected in the play-ground for gymnastic exercises. The headmaster's residence adjoins the school, and the staff consists of a master, mistress, and a pupil teacher. Mr. James Fleming is headmaster.
is a white stone building with a spire, which is a prominent landmark for many miles around. The Presbyterian Church first held services in the district in 1863; and the first portion of the church was erected in 1869. The building was enlarged ten years later. As it was designed to serve a wide district, accommodation was provided for 500 worshippers, but of late years churches have been erected at Maheno and at Kakanui, and divine service is held at each branch every Sabbath. The land attached to the Otepopo church is about one acre and a half in extent, and there are ten acres connected with the manse, which is a picturesque eight-roomed building partly in Oamaru stone and partly in wood. The Rev. D. McIvor is minister in charge.
was established in 1869, and has a library of about 1009 volumes. It is domiciled in a wooden building, which is used also as a public hall, and is centrally situated in the township of Herbert.
, Teacher of the Violin Piano, and Singing, Herbert. Mr. Thomas was born in South Wales, in 1853, and was educated in his native place and in London. He commenced his musical studies in Wales by taking lessons from Messrs Bowen and Caradog, and continued in the metropolis under Dr. Joseph Parry and Mr. Proudman. Till he left for the Colony in 1885, by the s.s. “Tongariro,” Mr. Thomas was engaged in commercial life, but after arriving at Port Chalmers, he settled in Balclutha, where he commenced to teach music. Two years later he removed to Tapanui, where he remained also for two years. In these places he conducted large musical classes, and performed several works at public functions. In 1889 he settled in the Otepopo district, and as a private teacher, has established a considerable connection, which extends as far as Duntroon and the Waitaki river. Since settling in Herbert, Mr. Thomas has held appointments as precentor at the Otepopo and Kakanui Presbyterian Churches. He was married in London in 1883 to the second daughter of Mr G. Hughes, of Beaumaris, and has two daughters.
, General blacksmith and Wheelwright, next Railway Station, Herbert. Bankers, Bank of New Zealand. Head establishment at Hampden. This branch was opened in 1893, and the large wooden building is erected on a half-acre section Mr. Douglass, the owner of the business, is further referred to in connection with his head establishment at Hampden.
, Dairy and Sheep-farmer, “Maryhill,” Herbert. This old settler, who holds 700 acres of land, has been connected with the Otepopo district since November, 1855. He was born, in 1839, in Lanarkshire, Scotland, and accompanied his parents to Port Chalmers, by the ship “Blundell,” in 1848. His father, the late Mr. Alexander Anderson, settled for seven years at North-east Valley, Dunedin. Mr. Anderson acquired the first part of his estate in January, 1857, and since then he has been prominently connected with the district. He has been on the local school committee for many years, and he has ever been ready to assist in all movements for the advancement of his fellow settlers. Mr. Anderson was married on the 3rd of May, 1875, to a daughter of Mr.
, Farmer, “Rosebery,” Herbert. Mr. Ross was brought up as a farmer in Ross-shire, Scotland, where he was borr in 1833. He arrived at Port Chalmers, by the ship “Gloucester, at Christmas, 1858. After being seven years in the Taieri district he settled at Otepopo and purchased a portion of his property, which he has since increased to 600 acres of freehold. He has, for a quarter of a century, been a member of the local school committee; also elder of the Otepope Presbyterian Church during many years, and a member of the Synod. Mr. Ross was married, in 1867, to a daughter of the late Mr. Henry Mec, of County Cavan, Ireland, and has three sons and three daughters.
, Sheepfarmer, “Tullymett,” Herbert. Mr. Sim's estate is situated on elevated ground overlooking the Otepopo district, and consists of over 1100 acres of freehold land. The proprietor was born in the parish of Caputh, Perthshire, Scotland, on the 20th of November, 1825, and landed at Port Chalmers from the “Jura” in September, 1858. Mr. Sim, who has been connected with Otepopo since January, 1860, spent the first twenty-five years of his life in New Zealand in station work. He acquired his present property in 1884. Mr. Sim was married on the 22nd of April, 1852, to a daughter of the late Mr. John Campbell, of Tullymett, parish of Logieran, Perthshire, Scotland. Mrs. Sim died on the 5th of November, 1897, and there are two sons and one daughter.
is a small agricultural township, with a railway station on the Christchurch-Dunedin trunk railway, rine miles from Oamaru and sixty-nine miles from Dunedin. The township has a post and telegraph office with a daily mail service, and a money order and savings bank office; a large public school, churches, hotel, general stores, and its industries include fellmongering, woolscouring, and flourmilling. The district is a fertile agricultural area, yielding good crops, and is well-stocked with sheep. Most of the country is undulating, and the roads, though hilly, are good for cycling. The Kakanui river, which flows through Maheno, is well stocked with trout.
is situated very near to the township. The building is of the ordinary type, and is built of wood. It contains waiting lobby, a ladies' waiting room, ticket office, post and telegraph office and goods shed. There are twenty private boxes connected with the Maheno Post Office. Mr. Charles Buteman is stationmaster and postmaster.
has a branch at Oamaru. It is under the direction of Mr. J. C. Miller. There was at one time an agency at Maheno.
, Rabbit Agent, formerly stationed at Maheno in the Oamaru district, was born in Dunedin in 1870, and educated at Port Molyneux, in the county of Clutha. Mr. Wright entered the flax trade at Port Molyneux and was engaged in milling till he met with an accident whereby he lost his left arm. In 1893 he entered the Government senvice as rabbit agent. Mr. Wright was married, in 1897, to a daughter of Mr. J. McLew, of Dunback.
, which stands on an eminence in the township, is a stone building, of two rooms, with seating space for 150 scholars. There are ten acres of land connected with the school, and there is a comfortable seven-roomed residence for the teacher. The children have a good play ground, and a covered shed for their pastimes in all weathers. The average attendance for the year is about 110.
, Headmaster of the Maheno School, was born in Argyleshire, Scotland, in 1864. He came to the Colony with his parents at an early age, and served four years as a pupil teacher at the Outram and Kensington schools. After a year's study at
, Farmer, “Ledinghall.” Maheno. This old settler is a native of Aberdeen, Scotland, where he was born in 1829. He was brought up to farming on his father's farm, and came to Port Chalmers in September, 1858, by the ship “Jura.” Shortly afterwards he settled in the Otepopo district, with which he has since been closely connected. He had a short experience on the goldfields before fettling at Otepopo, and was one of the partners in the second claim in the celebrated Gabriel's Gully. Mr. Ledingham's property consists of 330 acres of freehold land, and is in a high state of cultivation. Mr. Ledingham has for many years been connected with the Presbyterian Church, and has held office as one of the managers. He has been connected with school committees, and was a member of local road boards before the inauguration of the county system. Mr. Ledingham was married, in 1868, to a daughter of the late Mr. Millar, of Stone House, Scotland, and has six sons and two daughters.
, Farmer, Taipo Hill, Maheno, Mr. Miller was born in 1852, in Caithness, Scotland, where he was trained to farming. He arrived at Port Chalmers in 1873, by the ship “Scimitar,” and settled in the Oamaru district. For a good many years he was cropping in various parts of the district, and in 1899 purchased Taipo Hill, a property of 422 acres of freehold. Mr. Miller was married, in 1900, to a daughter of Mr. George Watson, of Weston, and sister of Mr. J. C. Watson, Mutual Life Assurance, of Sydney, New South Wales, and has two daughters.
(W. P. Reid, proprietor), Maheno. This valuable property was originally taken up by Mr. Robert Thompson, who farmed it up to 1900, when it was bought by its present owner. It consists of about 600 acres of good agricultural land, which has all been under cultivation. The fences are kept in good order, and a considerable portion of the property fronts the main road. Under Mr. Reid's management the wheat crops have averaged fifty bushels per acre, and the oats from sixty to seventy bushels. About 1200 Shropshire Downs stud sheep are run upon the farm, and other large mobs are often purchased and fattened for freezing. The barns and outbuildings are in model order, and separate cottages are provided for the farm workers.
, Proprietor of Monte Christo Farm, is the youngest son of Mr. John Reid, of Dunedin. He was born and educated in Dunedin, and afterwards worked on his father's farm in Southland. For fourteen years Mr. Reid acted an manager of the Southland property, which was also named “Monte Christo.” On 1894 he won the gold medal, given by the Otago Agricultural and Pastoral Association, for the best kept farm in Otago and Southland, up to 1000 acres. Mr. and Mrs Reid won a handsome set of silver plate, for the best general collection of farm produce, at the Southland Agricultural and Pastoral Association's exhibitions of 1895 and 1896. Numerous other valuable trophies and silver medals testify to Mr. Reid's success at other exhibitions. On the sale of the property in Southland Mr. Reid took over the fine mob of Shropshire Down and stud sheep; and on his leaving the district for Maheno Mrs Reid and he were presented with a handsome illuminated address and silver plate by friends and neighbours. Mr. Reid was for a number of years a member of the committee of the Southland Agricultural and Pastoral Association, and he was also on the committee of the North Otago Agricultural and Pastoral Association for 1902 and 1903. He is married to a daughter of the Hon. Alfred Baldey, Wellington.
, Taipo House, Maheno. Taipo House was the original homestead of the Taipo estate, and was bought by Mr. Philp, with 325 acres of freehold land, in 1900. Mr. Philp was at one time well known as the proprietor of the Grand Hotel, Dunedin.
, Farmer, Punch Bowl, Maheno. Mr. Wylie was born in Forfarshire, Scotland, in 1845. In 1849 he accompanied his parents to the Border counties of England, to which they removed in search of cheaper land, and subsequently to Ireland, where they died, and where the farm is still occupied by his sister. He came out to Melbourne in 1860. In the ship “Elizabeth Ann Bright,” and was attracted to New Zealand in 1862, after the breaking out of the gold diggings. Mr. Wylie worked for a few years on the goldfields, and subsequently bought teams of horses and commenced carting stores to the diggings. In 1875, he purchased his first land, to which he has since considerably added, his total area now being 1027 acres freehold, the cheapest of which cost him £10 per acre. Mr. Wylie represents the Otepopo riding on the Waitaki County Council and is chairman of the Maheno school committee. He is also president of the Maheno Athletic Sports and secretary to the Athenæum. Mr. Wylie served for a number of years in the Otepopo Rifles, subsequently in the Otago Hussars, and afterwards in the North Otago Mounted Rifles. He was married, in 1867, to Miss Speed, of Caithness, Scotland, and has five sons and four daughters.
is a small rural village in the North Otago district. The nearest railway station is at Maheno, five miles away, and Oamaru is fifteen miles distant. Inchholme has a public school and a post office, but the nearest telegraph office is at Maheno. Good fishing is obtainable in the Kukanui river.
, Farmer, Inchholme. Mr. McDonald cultivates a farm which is 500 acres in extent, and of which only about fifty acres are leasehold. He was born in Aberdeen, Scotland, in 1845, trained as an agriculturist, and came in the “Vicksburg,” to Port Chalmers in 1867. Five years later he settled in the Inchholme district, and acquired the first portion of his fine property. For ten years Mr. McDonald acted as a member of the old Oamaru Road Board, and was a member of the Inchholme school committee for several years. He was married, in 1878, to a daughter of Mr. Alex. Ross, of Enfield, and has five sons and four daughters.
, Farmer, Springbank, Inchholme. Mr. Mee was born in County Cavan, Ireland, in 1850. He was brought up to agricultural pursuits, came to Port Chalmers at the age of nineteen, by the ship “E.P. Bouverie,” and at once settled in the Otepopo district. “Springbank,” which is 231 acres in extent, was acquired by Mr. Mee in 1881. Mr. Mee served seven years as a member of the Inchholme school committee. In 1878 he was married to a daughter of the late Mr. Robert Short, of Dunedin, Government auctioneer.
is on the Kakanui river, close to the coast, and counting the residents on both sides of the river, it has a population of 370. Oamaru is seven mold distant, and the Maheno railway station is only four miles away. The township has a post and telephone office, a public school, fellmongery and meat preserving works, and a hotel. Visitors may obtain good shooting and fishing. The Kakanui district is devoted to agriculture; practically the whole of the land has been under cultivation, and the crops are excellent in yield and quality.
is a stone building of two rooms, and stands on part of six acres of land, on which the schoolmaster's residence of six rooms has also been erected. There is accommodation for 130 scholars, and there are sixty-two on the roll, with an average attendance of fifty-one. There is a large playground, and a covered shed for the protection of the children in rough weather. The staff consists of the headmaster and a mistress.
, Kakanui North. The lodge was established in 1872, and has a hall which is conveniently situated in the township.
, P.G.M., Of The Loyal Band Of Friendship Lodge, Was One Of The Lodge's Charter Members, And Was Born In 1846, In Holytown, Lanarkshire, Scotland, Where He Learned His Business As A Baker. In 1868 He Came To Port Chalmers By The Ship “Otago,” And One Year After His Arrival He Settled In Kakanui, Where He Established A Bakery, Which He Continued Till 1892 He Has Served His Fellow Settlers On The School And AthenÆum committees. Mr. Burns was married in January, 1867, to a daughter of Mr. H. McClymont, of Newton Stewart, Wigtonshire, Scotland, and has four sons and three daughters.
(Charles Calvert, Hazeldean Road, Christchurch, proprietor), Kakanui. The land occupied by these works consists of fourteen acres, of which five acres are freehold. There is abundance of limestone on the property, and the output of lime is from two to two and a half six-ton trucks a week.
, Horse-shoer, Wheel-wright and General Blacksmith, Kakanui North. This business was established in 1876 by the late Mr. W. McKenzie, and purchased by the present proprietor in 1894. The shop is of wood and iron, and there are two cottages, the whole standing on a freehold section. Mr. Williams was born in Kerry,
, Farmer, Kakanui. Mr Marwick was born in the Orkney Islands, in 1850, and was brought up to an out-door life. He came to Port Chalmers in 1871 by the ship “William Davie,” and for about fifteen years found employment in various parts of Otago, and in the Hawke's Bay and Poverty Bay districts in the North Island. After taking a trip Home. Mr Marwick settled in the Waitaki Valley, where he owned 126 acres of land near the Peebles railway station. He, however, sold that property, and bought Mr G. Gee's farm in the Kakanui district. He was married in 1883 to Clementina, fifth daughter of the late Mr James Houston, of Orkney.
, Farmer, Allday Bay, Kakanui. Mr. McKay was born in Caithnessshire, Scotland, in 1831, brought up to agricultural pursuits, and came to Port Chalmers in 1863, by the ship “Sir William Eyre.” After working five years and a half at Saddle Hill, Mr. McKay settled in the Otepopo district, where he purchased his section in Allday Bay. The property which he farms consists of fifty-two acres of freehold land. Mr. McKay was for over five years a member of the local road board, and he also acted on the Kakanui school committee for a number of years. Since 1879 he has been connected with the Kakanui Presbyterian Church, and has held office as one of the managers. He was married on the 15th of August, 1862, to a daughter of the late Mr. Donald Alder, of Caithness-shire, Scotland.
(Thomas McKenzie and Hugh McKenzie) Farmers, Allday Bay, Kakanui. The Messrs McKenzie hold two properties, which comprise over 270 acres of freehold land. They are sons of the late Mr. Thomas McKenzie, who died in 1894; he came to Queensland in 1861, and in the following year landed in Otago. He was for some years shepherd on “Mount Royal” and a manager of other stations, and in 1870, settled in the Kakanui district, where he purchased that portion of the property known as the Allday Bay estate. Till 1898 Mr. Thomas McKenzie, the senior partner of the present firm, managed the property in the interests of the family. Messrs T. and H. McKenzie are now farming the entire estate.
, Farmer, Kakanui. Mr. Minty was born in 1843, in Aberdeenshire, Scotland, and farmed on his own account for ten years before emigrating to Melbourne in the s.s. “Northumberland.” He came to Otago in 1881, and settled at Kakanui, where he purchased forty-six acres—part of the Awamoa estate—on which his homestead stands. He has also acted as foreman in charge of the roads of the Kakanui riding of the Waitaki county since 1892. Mr. Minty was one of the first members of the Aberdeen Rifles, with which he was connected for ten years, and was sworn in by Sir Arthur Gordon, ex-Governor of New Zealand, and afterwards Lord Stanmore. Mr. Minty was married, in 1875, to a daughter of the late Mr. John Gordon, of Crovie Farm, Bunffshire, Scotland, and has two sons and seven daughters.
, Farmer, “Grassmere,” Otepopo and Allday Bay, Kakanui. This old settler was born in Bathgate, Scotland, in 1824, and has been engaged in country pursuits since his earliest days, except during a short experience of goldmining in Otago. He arrived at Port Chalmers, in 1861, by the ship “Pladda,” and settled four years afterwards in Otepopo district, where he acquired
, Farmer, “Mamre,” Kakanui. Mr. Rutherford is a native of Victoria, where he was born in 1862. He arrived in Otago in 1879, was brought up to sheep farming by his father, and since 1887 he has worked “Mamre,” which consists of 386 acres of freehold land. Mr. Rutherford is unmarried.
. This settlement is on the north bank of the Kakanui river close to its connfluence with the sea. The township is seven miles from Oamaru and four miles from the Maheno railway station. It has a hotel, a store, and a blacksmith's shop, and the business of the post office is conducted at the store, where there is a telephone bureau. The educational requirements of the north side of the river are met by the school which is on the southern bank. There is a Wesleyan church and a hall in the settlement. The population of Kakanui North was 126 at the census of 1901. The township is in the Kakanui riding of the Waitaki county.
, which was first opened in the seventies, has been conducted at the local store at Kakanui North since 1887, and the Telephone Bureau has been in operation for a similar period. Mails are received and despatched daily The office is also a Post Office Savings Bank and Money Order Office, and it also pays the Old Age pensions due in the district.
, Postmaster and Telephonist at Kakanui, was born at Oamaru on the 2nd of January, 1880. He was educated at the Oamaru South School, and was brought up to the business of a bootmaker. Subsequently, he became a lime burner, but owing to an accident by the explosion of a gelinglite cartridge, whereby he lost his left hand and his right eye. Mr. Cleverley had to abandon that line of life. Accordingly, on the 1st of January, 1903, he took over the Kekanui store and post office. As a volunteer, he served in the No. 1 Battalion, and afterwards in the Queen's Rifles, at Oamaru. Mr. Cleverley was married, in 1902, to a daughter of Mr. George Southgate, of Kakanui.
is situated at Kakanui North. It has a site of a quarter of an acre, and the building, which is of wood, with a shingle roof, has accommodation for one hundred worshippers. The services are held every Sunday evening, and are supplied from Oamaru.
, General Storekeeper, Kakanui North. This business was established in the early days of settlement in the district, and is the only local store which maintains a full general stock. The building is of wood, and includes a large corner shop, with the post office, and a private residence. The proprietor is further referred to as postmaster for the district.
, Dairy Farmer, Kakanui North. Mr. Packwood was born in Bedfordshire, England, in 1843, and became conductor on a coach that, in the early days, connected the London and North-Western and Great Northern railways. Afterwards he learned the business of a landscape gardener, and was apprenticed as such for five years, and held important situations in the Old Land before coming to the colonies. Mr. Packwood landed at Moreton Bay, Queensland, in 1885, and was engaged to lay out a large market garden at Ipswich. Subsequently, he worked on the construction of the first line of railway made in Queensland. In 1868 he arrived in New Zealand, spent a year on the West Coast diggings, and afterwards walked across the mountains to the river Selwyn in Canterbury, and on to Temuka. He became gardener at the Levels station, and was afterwards employed in Dunedin in a similar capacity. For a year later he was employed in the Albion Soap Works, and removed to Kakanui in 1371, under engagement to the New Zealand Meat Preserving Company to lay out gardens round the manager's residence, and held the position for four years. Mr. Packwood settled in Kakanui North, on a freehold section of four acres in the township. As an Oddfellow, he is attached to the Kakanui Lodge, in which he has passed the chairs, and has held the position of Permanent Secretary. Mr. Packwood was married, in 1872, to a daughter of the late Mr. Thomas Gaffney, of Derbyshire, England. Mrs Packwood died in 1884, leaving one daughter.
is a dairying and agricultural district on the northern bank of the Kakanui river, and in the Kakanui riding of the Waitaki county. At the census of 1901 there were eighty inhabitants, in addition to twenty-one at Taipo, which is close at hand. Reidston has a fellmongery, a flour and oatmeal mill, stone quarries, and engineering works. The settlement was originally a reserve owned by the Otago Provincial Council, by the instructions of which it was subdivided into quarter acre allotments, and was sold by public auction by the late Hon. S. E. Shrimski, in the year 1872. Close by there are large buildings, which at one time formed part of the Totara station. Mr. W. Rawson, who was the first postmaster, was also the earliest settler to erect a house in the village. Reidston is about seven miles from Oamaru, on the main south road, and the settlement of Maheno lies on the opposite side of the Kakanui river, a mile and a half away. There is a local post office, though neither store, church nor school, but a church and school are both available at Maheno.
dates from 1899, and is at present conducted at the residence of Mr. Albert Carrodus, who has served as postmaster since 1901. Mails are received and despatched every day.
, Postmaster at Reidston, was born in Bradford, Yorkshire, England, in October, 1864. By trade he is a worsted manufacturer, and served for about sixteen years as a weaving and spinning overseer. In 1883 he sailed by the ship “British Queen,” to Port Chalmers, and settled in Reidston, where he bought twelve acres of land, with buildings upon it. Mr. Carrodus acts as a wool classer during the season, and travels as for as Waihao Downs and Waihaorunga for that purpose; he also deals in hides and skins. He became a member of the Independent Order of Oddfellows in England, and is attached to the Hope of Maheno Lodge, in which he has passed the chairs. Mr. Carrodus was married, in 1877, to Miss Savill, of Bradford, and has had eight daughters and seven sons; four sons and one of the daughters have died.
(Clark Brothers, proprietors), Reidston. The building used in this business is of four stories, of stone and iron, and contains a Schumacher roller flour plant, with a capacity of three-and-a-half sacks per hour. It is worked by a twenty-five horse-power turbine, which is driven by the Kakanui river, and the mill is connected with the Government railway by a siding. The flour produced is sold locally or forwarded to Dunedin; the brand of the flour is “Snawdrift,” and that of the oatmeal “Muscular.”
, Manager of the Maheno Valley Mills, was born in Haddingtonshire, Scotland, in 1844. His father and grandfather were millers, and he was brought up to the same calling. Deciding to see more of the world, he took passage by the ship “Cartsburn,” for Port Chalmers, where he landed in 1874. For six years Mr. Sanderson was head miller at the Waiwera mill, near Balclutha. Subsequently, for ten years, he farmed at Glenledi, near Milton. On removing to Maheno, he took charge of the Maheno Valley mills, under the ownership of Mt. David Hay, and during his four years of service, he superintended the alterations from a stone to a roller plant. Mr. Sanderson then removed to Canterbury, and became head miller of the Wakanui mill for three years. After that he returned to Otago, and had charge of the Shag Valley mill, at Palmerston, for two years, and was appointed to his present position in February, 1902. Mr. Sanderson was married, in 1876, to a daughter of Mr. George Grant, of Port Chalmers, and has three daughters and one son.
, formerly the proprietor, was born in 1850, in Sweden, and brought up in California, where he gained his first experience as a miller. He landed in Wellington, in 1865, but removed to Canterbury; he worked in Timaru and Christchurch at his trade, till 1882, when he was engaged as a miller at the Kakanui mill, in Maheno. In 1890, he bought a flourmill at Rakaia, and worked it till 1893, when the place was destroyed by fire. Mr. North was next employed by Messrs Meek in Oamaru till January, 1898, when he returned to Maheno as manager of the Kakanui mill, which he leased twelve months later. He was married to Miss Cruickshank, from Scotland, in 1889, and has two sons and two daughters.
is the postal name of a splendid agricultural and pastoral district, which was formerly a part of the well known Totara estate, and includes the homestead. Both the main south road and the Christchurch-Dunedin line of railway intersect the settlement. There is a flag station on the line—still known as Totara—which is six miles from Oamaru, and stands at an elevation of eighty-two feet above sea level. At the census of 1901 the population was 176 persons, consisting chiefly of the families and servants of those who had bought portions of the Totara estate. A good deal of dairy farming is carried on, and a large creamery has been established at a central point on the main south road. In addition to its railway station, Totaratahi has a post and telephone office, and a church and public school, which serve the adjacent settlement of Alma. Large white stone quarries are energetically worked in the district, and limeburning is also one of the local industries. Totaratahi is in the Kakanui riding of the county of Waitaki.
, Totaratahi, is a splendid property, of seventeen acres and a half, and has been worked for about twenty years. It is situated alongside Totara railway station, with which it is connected by a siding. There is an unlimited quantity of the best quality of Oamaru white stone, which is hewn by machinery, and hand-dressed at the quarry.
, Foreman in charge of the T.T. Quarry, was born in 1842, in North, Scotland, and was brought up to country life. In 1860 he landed at Port Chalmers by the ship “Henrietta,” and for a short time he was in Dunedin and Invarcargill. Mr. Dickson has been settled in the Oamaru district since 1868. He has been engaged mostly in working the white stone of the district, and has been in charge of the T.T. Quarry since 1895. As a Forester, he is attached to Court Pride of Oamaru. Mr. Dickson was married, in 1862, to a daughter of the late Mr. David Smeeton, of Perth. Mrs Dickson died in 1903.
, Farmer and Threshing Mill Owner, Taratahi. Mr. Dewar was born in the parish of Caputh, Perthshire, Scotland, in June, 1844. He has been engaged in outdoor occupations from his early days, and managed his mother's farm for four years before leaving Scotland for New Zealand. In 1864 he landed at Port Chalmers from the ship “E. P. Bouverie,” on her first trip to New Zealand. He found employment in the Taieri district, where he remained four years, and removed to the Oamaru district early in 1869. He bought a team of horses, and went contract ploughing, and was afterwards cropping on Kauroo station, and, later, at Balruddery. In 1876 he went to the Ngapara district, and three years afterwards leased Rocky Knowe Farm, which he worked for eighteen years. After that he residid in Oamaru for four years and a half, and bought 327 acres of Totara estate in 1901. He has erected a large homestead, and effected many improvements. During his residence at Rocky Knowe he was a member of the Island Cliff school committee. Mr. Dewar was married, in 1880, to a daughter of the late Mr. D. M. Blackie, of Kaitangata, and has five sons and two daughters.
, Farmer, Totaratahi. Mr. Fulton was born at Alloa, Clackmannanshire, Scotland, in 1847. He went to school at Sauchie, near Alloa, and was brought up to country life. In 1868 he arrived at Port Chalmers by the ship “Robert Henderson,” and found employment with Mr. Hassall, at Cave Valley. Two years later, he became head ploughman at Dr. Webster's Balruddery station. After two years on this estate, he commenced farming on his own account at Pudden Hill, now known as Waihaorunga, South Canterbury. Mr. Fulton then removed to the Makataramoa station, where he was contracting for fourteen years. He afterwards bought 155 acres of the Taipo estate, named his place “Springfield,” and has resided there since 1902. Mr. Fulton was married, in 1875, to a daughter of the late Mr. Robert Brown, of the “Punch Bowl,” Waimatu, and has four daughters and one son.
, Farmer, Totara, Park, Totaratahi. Mr. Macaulay, who is the son of the late Mr. R. Macaulay, some time manager of Totara estate, was born on that estate in 1887. He was educated at Oamaru and Hampden, and has always been interested in farming. Mr. Macaulay has farmed on his own account since his father's death in 1895. Totara Park, which is part of the original station, consists of 500 acres held under lease.
, Farmer, Largs Farm, Totaratahi. Mr. McKirdy was born at Largs, Scotland, in, 1853, and came to Port Chalmers with his parents by the ship “Zambia” in 1862. He was apprenticed as a blacksmith, and learned his trade with the well-known firm of Reid and Gray. Mr. Reid was his brother-in-law, before he left Scotland. Mr. McKirdy subsequently entered the service of Messrs J. Mill and Co., whom he served for twenty-three years at Oamaru and Fort Chalmers. He purchased 115 acres at Totaratahi in 1896, and settled on his property in 1903. At Port Chalmers he was a member of Court Robin Hood, Ancient Order of Foresters, but took his clearance to Court Pride of Dunedin. Mr. McKirdy was married, in 1877, to a daughter of Mr. Henry Spears, of Dunedin, and has had one son and four daughters; two of the daughters have died.
, Farmer, “Besbrook,” Totaratahi. Mr. Rodger was born in 1847 at Besbrook, County Armagh, Ireland. When twenty years old, he emigrated to Victoria, and a year later crossed to Otago, and settled in the Oamaru district. He found employment on the Totara, and Awamoa estates, and in 1878 started cropping on Totara station, where he continued till July, 1900, when he purchased 150 acres of the estate. Mr. Rodger has erected a comfortable homestead, and effected considerable improvements on his property. He served for a time as a member of the local school committee. Mr. Rodger was married, in 1880, to a daughter of Mr. Dennis O'Shea, of Cork, Ireland, but his wife died in April. 1887, leaving four sons and one daughter. One of the sons went to South Africa with horses, joined Kitchener's Fighting Scouts, and died of enteric fever at Bloemfontein.
, Farmer, “Blarmor,” Waiareka Valley, Totaratahi. Mr. Rodger was born in Lanarkshire, Scotland, in 1870, and was brought up on his father's farm. He came to New Zealand, via Australia, in 1888, and was for eighteen months with the late Mr. D. Dick, at Ashley, North Canterbury. Mr Rodger afterwards removed to North Otago, and was employed on the Totara estate for eleven years. In 1900 he leased 1000 acres of the estate for ten years. Mr. Rodger was married, in 1892, to a daughter of the late Mr. William Calder, shepherd, of Totara, and has had five daughters (of whom one has died) and one son.
is built of Oamaru, stone, and has accommodation for 120 pupils. There are eighty names on the roll, and the average attendance is sixty-eight. Mr John Reid, the teacher in charge, is assisted by an infant mistress, Miss R. Steel.
stands in a central position on the main south road, and was built in 1901. There is a glebe of six acres. The building is of stone, and will comfortably hold 200 worshippers. Services are held every Sunday, and there is a Sunday school with forty scholars and four teachers. The minister who officiates resides at Weston.
, the property of the New Zealand and Australian Land Company, Ltd., consists of 9600 acres of freehold land, which is available for sale in small farms. Formerly it was of considerably larger extent, but about 6400 acres have been sold to farmers. The cultivation of cereals, turnips, potatoes, mangolds and grasses is extensively carried on. In the of 1898–9, 2000 acres were under wheat, 700 under oats, and forty under barley; 429 acres for wheat and oat crops were let to croppers, and fifty-eight acres for potatoes; 484 acres of ryegrass seed was harvested, and fifty-three acres of cowgrass seed saved. A stud flock of Border Leicester sheep is kept, and is one of the oldest flocks of that breed in the Colony. The Totara herd of pure Polled Angus cattle is well known; it includes 100 breeding cows, the original stock having been imported. Considerable numbers of pedigree stock are sent to the North Island and to the Australian Colonies every year, apart from those moved to other stations belonging to the company. “Totara” is a splendidly improved estate. At the homestead there is a fine two-storey mansion built of white limestone, and charmingly situated on an elevation, surrounded by a fine plantation of shelter and ornamental trees. The first cargo of frozen mutton shipped from the Colony was sent from Totara estate, in 1882, in the sailing ship “Dunedin.” The sheep were slaughtered on the estate, and lots of 250 carcases railed to Port Chalmers daily, and frozen on board ship. The first cargo of eight thousand odd created quite a sensation on the London market; the whole cargo averaged 82 pounds per carcase, and sold at 7d per pound, netting 24s each on the estate. For a number of years afterwardt the ships “Dunedin,” “Marlborough,” and “Oamaru” were kept regularly employed running to London with frozen mutton, slaughtered at “Totara”; the loading of the vessel being latterly effected at Oamaru harbour.
, Manager of the Totara Estate, was born in Perthshire, Scotland, in 1850. He was educated by his father, the late Mr. W. Macpherson, F.E.I.S., at Daniel Stewart's Free School, Strathtay, and brought up to a country life. For six years prior to coming to New Zealand, he served under a civil engineer in the slate quarries of North Wales. In 1876 Mr. Macpherson arrived at Lytteiton by the ship “Desdemona,” under engagement to the company, in whose service he still continues. After a short time on the company's Pareora, Levels and Hakataramea estates, he was, in 1879, appointed to “Totara,” and for a number of years he also managed the Ardgowan property, acquired by the Government in 1895, for close settlement. Mr. Macpherson has been an active member of the North Otago Agricultural and Pastoral Society, and at one time
, who has been overseer at Totara estate since 1892, was born in Scotland in 1855, and from his earliest days has been accustomed to ouidoor pursuits. Mr. Fyall arrived at Port Chalmers in 1884 by the s.s. “Florida,” and was employed at the Levels station, South Canterbury, till 1892, when he received the appointment be now holds as overscer at Totara. Mr. Fyall served for seven years as a member of the Totara school committee. He was married, in 1891, to a daughter of Mr. James Gammie, of Pleasant Point, Canterbury, and has three sons and four daughters.
, some time Manager of Totara estate, was born at Kilbride, Scotland, in 1833. He was trained to farming, and came to Otago in 1859, under engagement to the New Zealand and Australian Land Company. For the first few years of his colonial life, Mr. Macaulay was at Edendale station, Southland, whence he was transferred to Totara, where he died in 1895, after thirteen years of management.
may be described as a working man's settlement. It originally formed part of the Totara estate, the proprietors of which laid out Alma into sections of from two to thirty acres. The main south road passes through the district, as well as the south line of railway. The post office at Alma is three miles and a half from Oamaru, and the flag station, known as Deborah, two miles. The station is 162 feet above sea level. Agriculture and dairy farming are carried on by the settlers. who send milk to the Totara creamery. The nearest church and school are at Totara. The scenery is somewhat romantic, and a remarkable outcrop of stone on one of the hills, not far from the main road, has been well named the Fortifications. Alma is in the Kakanui riding of the county of Waitaki, and its population at the census of 1901 was 123, to which should be added thirty-four for Deborah and thirty-five for Fortifications, which may fairly be included in the district.
, Farmer, Fortifications, Alma. Mr. Cossens was born in May, 1833, in Forfarshire, Scotland, and came to Port Chalmers by the ship “Nelson” in 1863. He settled in the Clutha district, where he worked a mill for twelve years. Later on he took up farming till the flood of 1878. Mr. Cossens then sold out, and removed to the Oamaru district, where he invented a machine to quarry the well-known white stone, and worked the patent for fourteen years, when he disposed of his interests. Two years later, he bought twenty-six acres at Alma, on which he has erected a comfortable stone house, with a good view of land and sea. Mr. Cossens was married, in 1870, to a daughter of the late Mr. Charles Smith, of Forfarshire, Scotland, who came to New Zealand by the ship “E. P. Bouverie.”
, Farmer, Clifton Farm, Alma. Mr. Hollow was born in Cornwall, England, in 1852, and was brought up as a miner. He landed at Port Chalmers by the ship “Jessie Readman” in July, 1874, and settled in the Oamaru district, where he found employment in country life. He was subsequently engaged on the staff of the Oamaru Corporation gasworks for seventeen years, and only left with a view to benefit his health by a change of occupation. In 1898 Mr. Hollow leased Clifton Farm, a property of sixty-four acres. Mr. Hollow has been a member of the Order of Oddfellows since 1892. He is a member of the Totara school committee. Mr. Hollow was married, in 1875, to a daughter of the late Mr. John Dale, of Cornwall. At her death, ten years later, Mrs Hollow left three sons and three daughters. In 1886 Mr. Hollow contracted a second marriage with a daughter of the late Mr. William Row, of Cornwall, and has one daughter by this union.
is a western suburb of Oamaru. It has a railway station, which is the junction of the main south line with a forked branch line, which goes to Ngapara and Tokarahi. The station is two miles from Oamaru, and seventy-six miles from Dunedin, and stands at an elevation of 188 feet above the level of the sea. There is also a post and telegraph office in connection with the railway station. At the census of March, 1901, the population at Waiareka Junction was 122, and that of the immediate neighbourhood, 151. Waiareka is in the Waiareko riding of the county of Waitaki; the total population of the riding is 1518. A good deal of farming is carried on in the district, which is, also, to some extent, a residential suburb.
dates from about the year 1878. It is on the main line from Oamaru to Dunedin, at the junction of the Ngapara and Tokarahi branch lines. About fourteen trains pass the station daily; it is an important signal station, on the top of a grade, with very heavy traffic on both sides. Mails are received and despatched daily. Mr. Alexander Gow, the stationmaster and postmaster, was born in Stirlingshire, Scotland, in 1856. He served for about six years on the Caledonian railway, came to Port Chalmers by the ship “Auckland,” in 1875, and, after serving for some years on the Otago railways, he was appointed to his present position in March, 1891.
was constituted in 1876. It embraces the townships of Enfield, Windsor, and Ngapara. There are churches of Oamaru stone at Enfield and Ngapara, and the manse, a wooden building of nine rooms, built in 1878, is at Enfield. The church at Enfield has a beautiful spiral belfry, and was built in 1879, at a cost of £1420. It has accommodation for 200 worshippers, and services are held every Sunday afternoon.
, Minister in charge at Waiareka parish, was born in 1858, at Bury, Lancashire, England. He studied for the ministry in London, and arrived in Lyttelton in 1882 by the ship “Waipa.” His first charge was at Waiareka, where he still ministers. Mr. Standring was married, in 1887, to a daughter of the late Mr. R. Stringer, of Manchester, and has four sons and one daughter.
, Builder and Contractor, Waiareka. Mr. Winsley was born in Devonshire, England, in 1853. He attended school in his native county, where he also learned the business of a carpenter, and afterwards had five years' experience in London. In 1877 he arrived in Port Chalmers by the ship “Waipa,” and found his first employment at the erection of the Moeraki Lighthouse. On removing to Oamaru, Mr. Winsley became foreman carpenter on the railway for five years, after which he commenced business as a contractor in the district. His work has been chiefly the erection of bridges; and in addition to erecting a number of these, he also built the railway station buildings on the Waihemo line. Mr. Winsley was a member of the Oamaru South school committee for a number of years, and he has long been a member of the vestry of St. Luke's Church, Oamaru. As a Freemason, he is attached to Lodge Oamaru Kilwinning. Mr. Winsley was married, in 1879, to a daughter of Mr. Alexander Morrison, of Oamaru, and has five sons and four daughters. Mrs Winsley is a native of Aberdeen, Scotland, and came to Port Chalmers in 1870 by the ship “James Nicol Fleming.”
, Orchardist, Waiareka. Mr. Paterson was born on the 4th of October, 1843, in Aberdeen, Scotland. After attending school, he was brought up to farm work, and was an overseer for a number of years before leaving his native land. In 1864 he arrived in Port Chalmers by the ship “Victus,” and has resided in the Oamaru district since June of that year Mr. Paterson had his home in Oamaru for about twelve years, and was subsequently gardening at Kakanui for five years. He took up his property of three acres and a quarter at Waiareka in 1890, and has owned the freehold since 1894. As a Freemason, Mr. Paterson was for some time a member of Lodge Waitaki. He took a considerable interest in the Oamaru Hospital and Benevolent Institution in the early days, and served for a long time as a member of the committee; and he was for two years a member of the Oamaru Borough Council. Mr. Paterson was married in Aberdeen to a daughter of the late Mr. James Middleton. This lady died in 1873, and in the following year Mr. Paterson contracted a second marriage with a daughter of the late Mr. Hugh McClymont, of Kakanui. Mrs Paterson died in 1899.
is only four miles from Oamaru. The main road, which passes through the village, branches off to the Ardgowan settlement on the right, and to Enfield, Elderslie, Windsor Park, and Ngapara on the left. There are two railway stations—Weston and Cormack's, respectively four miles and five miles from Oamaru, and 261 and 280 feet above the level of the sea. The surrounding country is used for dairy and agricultural farming, and a creamcry is in full operation. Another important industry consists in the local stone quarry, from whiich large blceks of beautiful white stone are sawn. Weston is in the Waiareka riding of the Waitaki county, and its population was 237 at the census of 1901. There is a public school and a church, besides stores and hotels.
is conducted at the residence of Mr. William Forrester. There has been a postal service in the district since the early seventies, and telephone connection was added about the end of the eighties. Two mails are received and despatched daily.
, Postmaster in charge, has held office since September, 1892. He was born in Fifeshire, Scotland, on the 16th of January, 1831, and spent his early days mostly as a miner. Subsequently, he became a ploughman, and followed that calling for sixteen years. He transhipped from the ship “Oamaru,” at Port Chalmers, on the 10th of January, 1879, and went straight to North Otago, where he has ever since been a settler. Mr. Forrester found employment at Totara for a time, and was afterwards for two years at Weston, and, later, on the Ardgowan station, where he worked for seven years. He then settled at Weston, where he acquired a house and sections, when he was appointed Postmaster. Mr. Forrester was married, on the 17th of October, 1853, to a daughter of Mr. James Wilkie, of Fifeshire, Scotland, and has three sons and three daughters.
dates from the seventies, and serves the Weston, Ardgowan, and Cave Valley settlements. It occupies an elevated section of five acres of land in the township of Weston, and has accommodation for 130 pupils. In September, 1903, there were 112 names on the roll, and the average attendance was ninety-four. The teacher's residence, of seven rooms, adjoins the school. Mr. William Edgar Bastings is headmaster.
of the Presbyterian Church was constituted in 1901, before which it had been included in the parishes of Columba and Enfield. Services are held every Sunday in the Public Hall, Weston, and in the churches at Totara and Ardgowan. The manse, a seven-roomed building, is erected near the railway station at Weston, on a section of eight and a half acres of land.
, Minister in Charge of the Weston-Totara-Ardgowan parish, was born in 1867, at Milton, Otago. He was educated at the Arthur and Albany Street schools, Dunedin, and commenced to study for the ministry in 1892. He took terms at the University of Otago and at the Theological Hall, Dunedin, and was ordained in January, 1901, at Pukerau. In August, 1903, Mr McLeod was inducted into his present charge. He was married, in January, 1903, to a daughter of Mr. Walter Logie, of Dunedin, and granddaughter of the late Mr. Charles Hook Gordon Logie, of Dunedin.
, Storekeeper, Weston. This business was established in 1896, by its present proprietor. The premises consist of a double-fronted shop and residence, erected in stone, with stabling behind, and the land, which is freehold, is an acre and a quarter in extent. Mr. McDowell was born in county Antrim, Ireland, in 1837. He attended school in his native place, and was brought up chiefly to country life. In 1859 he went out to America, where he engaged in farming and speculating for seventeen years. After a short visit to Ireland, he came to Port Chalmers in 1876 by the ship “Oamaru,” and settled in North Otago. He was engaged in the agency business for a number of years in Oamaru, and was a member of the Borough Council for two terms, before establishing his business in Weston. Mr. McDowell is a Justice of the Peace, and has been a member of the Weston school committee. He was married, in 1864, in America, to a daughter of the late Mr. Henry Moison, of Scott, Courtland county, State of New York, and has two sons. Mr. McDowell visited the World's Fair at Chicago in 1892.
, Farmer, “Fernieside,” Weston. Mr. Allan was born in Linlithgowshire, Scotland, on the 17th of September, 1835. His forefathers having been farmers, he was brought up to country pursuits, but afterwards served an apprenticeship for five years as a carpenter. In 1858 he arrived in Port Chalmers by the ship “Strathfieldsaye,” from the Clyde, and after a short time in Dunedin and Waikouaiti respectively, he went to Otepopo, under engagement to build a woolshed. On the last day of 1858, he arrived in Oamaru, and commenced working at his trade. Subsequently, he was employed
, Junior, Farmer, “Bonniefield,” Weston. “Bonniefield” was originally part of the Totara estate, and comprises 151 acres of freehold land. Mr Allan, who is a son of Mr R. Allan, an old settler at White Rocks, near Oamaru, was born in the Oamaru district in 1865, and brought up to farming. He was cropping near Weston for three years, and in 1897, in partnership with his brother Peter, purchased “Bonniefield,” on which they have erected a comfortable homestead, and a good deal of fencing. Mr. Allan was a member of the North Otago Mounted Rifles for two years, of the Weston Hall Committee for three years, of the Waiareka Public Library for two years, and is at present (1904) a manager of the Weston Church Committee. He was married in 1900, to a daughter of Mr D. Chalmers, blacksmith, of Weston, and has two daughters and one son.
, Farmer and Stock Dealer, “Ataahua,” Weston. This settler was born in Tasmania, in 1885, and was educated in that colony and in New Zealand. He was brought up to country life, and settled on the Ardgowan estate in 1896, when he drew a section of forty acres, under a lease in perpetuity. Mr. Crothers' property is close to the main road, and his homestead is both convenient and attractive. Mr. Crothers is a member of the North Otago Agricultural and Pastoral Society, and, as a stock dealer, he does a considerable business in North Otago. As a Forester, he is attached to Court Pride of Oamaru.
(John Dick and Robert Dick), Farmers, “Netherlea,” Weston. “Netherlea consists of 320 acres, of which 280 acres are freehold, and forty leasehold. It is worked as a dairy and agricultural farm, and is noted for its excellent root crops. The yield in wheat for the year 1903 was fifty-six bushels to the acre.
, the Senior Partner, was born in 1873, at Burnside, Waiareka Valley, and was educated at Ngapara. He was brought up to country life, and with his brother commenced farming in 1897. Mr. Dick is a member of the Weston Library Committee, and is also one of the managers of the local Presbyterian Church.
, the Junior Partner, was born at Clifton, in 1875, and educated at Ngapara. After gaining experience at farming, he went to Oamaru, and followed mercantile puruits for three years, before taking up “Netherlea” with his brother in 1897. Mr. Dick was at one time a member of the Oamaru High School Cadets.
, Farmer, “Summerhill,” Weston. Mr. Harvey was born at Inchclutha, in 1867, and is the only son of the late Mr. William Harvey. He was educated in his native place, and worked with his father till the latter's death in 1901, when he acquired “Summerhill.” This property consists of 500 acres of rich land, which is worked as a mixed farm. Mr. Harvey was married in June, 1895, to a daughter of the late Mr. Henry Mitchell, of “Parkside,” Weston, and has one son and one daughter.
, Farmer, Pine Farm, Weston. Mr Jenkin's property consists of thirty-eight acres, held under lease in perpetuity, and was a portion of the Ardgowan estate, bought by the Government for closer settlement. The proprietor was born in 1854, in Cornwall, England, where he was educated. For some time he was engaged as an enginedriver,
, Farmer, Weston. Mr. Lindsay was born in Ayrshire, Scotland, on the 4th of April, 1834. He was brought up to country pursuits, and came to Port Chalmers by the second trip of the ship “Wellington.” in February, 1879. Mr. Lindsay settled in North Otago, and was farming on his own account at Totara for about twenty years. Having sold his estate, he bought land at Ardgowan, but he resold it within a twelvemonth. In May, 1902, he purchased four acres of land at Weston, on part of which his residence stands. Mr. Lindsay has served as a member of the Totara school committee for about six years. He was married, in 1858, to a daughter of the late Mr. James Ferguson, of Lanarkshire, Scotland, and has had three sons and six daughters; of the daughters, two are dead. In the year 1903, Mr. Lindsay had twenty-nine grandchildren.
, Farmer, George Farm, Weston, Mr McGregor was born in 1838 in West Stirlingshire, Scotland, near romantic Loch Lomond, where he was educated at the parish school, and in his early years followed farming. He came to the Colony in 1863 in the ship “Arimea,” worked as a farmer to the south of Dunedin for six years, removed to the Oamaru district in 1870, and in 1891 settled at Weston. Mr. McGregor is an enthusiastic stock-breeder and a very successful exhibitor of Clydesdale horses and Ayrshire cattle. He gained, in one day, in 1879, three gold medals for Ayrshires, won the cup as the largest prize-taker in 1892, besides winning the first prize and a championship with his horse “Glengyle,” and also gained the gold medal for the best entire colt. Mr. McGregor is a director of the Waiarcka Dairy Factory, and a member of the Agricultural and Pastoral Association, school committee, etc. His residence is a substantial two-storey stone building, with stables and out-houses of the same material.
, Farmer, “Lancefield,” Weston. Mr. Milmine was born in 1840, at Galloway, Wigtonshire, Scotland, and served an apprenticeship of five years as a joiner, and two and a half years to marine engineering, at Lancefield. In September, 1863, he arrived at Port Chalmers by the ship “Mataura.” After working a year as a joiner in Dunedin, Mr. Milmine was employed as joiner and millwright for ten years by Mr. James Allan, of Hope Hill, Taieri. He then became a mill owner, and worked his plant for a year at the Taieri. In 1875 he removed to Elderslie, and was subsequently farming for a good many years at Otiake, besides working his plant throughout North Otago. Mr. Milmine bought “Lancefield,” which consists of 116 acres of freehold, in 1902, and his son owns 205 acres adjoining. While in Scotland, Mr. Milmine served for five years as a volunteer in the 4th Lanarkshire Rifles, and was present, in 1860, at a review by the late Queen Victoria and Prince Albert. After his arrival in New Zealand, he was for some time a member of the East Taieri Rifles. Mr. Milmine was chairman of the Brighton Road Board, in the Taieri district, for some years, and while at Otiake he served on the school committee for a number of years, and was chairman during part of the time. Mr. Milmine was married, in 1862, to a daughter of the late Mr. Allan Roxburgh, of Taieri, and has four sons and seven daughters.
(Joseph and James Mitchell), Farmers, “Parkside,” Weston. “Parkside” consists of 1100 acres of freehold, and is devoted to mixed farming. The stock includes Clydesdale horses, from colonial strains and the entire “Heather Laddie,” a Shorthorn herd of twenty cows, and a small flock of Border Leicesters. The firm's machinery comprises a portable engine, and threshing, chaff cutting, and sawing mills. With the latter, timber grown on the estate is prepared for use in the erection of outbuildings.
, Of the firm of Mitchell Brothers, was born in 1873, in Dunedin, where he first attended school, and subsequently completed his course at Weston. He was brought up to country life at “Parkaide,”
, Farmer, “Hazel Park,” Weston. Mr. Turfis was born in the Orkney Islands in 1858, and arrived in Port Chalmers in 1877, by the ship “Timaru.” He settled in the Oamaru district, worked for a time at Enfield, and was afterwards cropping in the district for fourteen years, and for three years on Mr. Gilchrist's property. In 1897 Mr. Turfis leased “Hazel Park,” which comprises 218 acres of land. Before coming to New Zealand, he served as a volunteer in the Orkney Artillery for six years; as a Freemason, he is attached to Lodge Oamaru Kilwinning. Mr. Turfis has also been a member of the Weston school committee. He was married, in 1897, to a daughter of Mr. John Taylor, of Oamaru.
, some time of “Summerhill,” Weston, was born in Dumfriesshire, Scotland, in 1844. He was brought up to country pursuits, and came to Port Chalmers by the ship “City of Dunedin” in 1864. He settled in the Inchclutha district, where he farmed until removing to Ngapara in 1879. Ten years later, Mr. Harvey acquired “Summerhill,” at Weston. He was married, in 1865, to Miss Lindsay, of Edinburgh, and at his death, in September, 1901, left one son and one daughter
, A Government settlement situated on the landward side of Oamaru and extending to and beyond Weston, is about four miles from Oamaru. The estate was acquired and settled in 1896 under the Land for Settlements Act, and had been worked as a pastoral property by the New Zealand and Australian Land Company. It is partly in the Papakaio riding, and partly in the Waiareka riding of the county of Waitaki. At the census of 1901 the total population was 487. The dairy industry has become extensive at Ardgowan, and the local creamery is kept very busy in the height of the season. A post office has been established at the house of the manager of the creamery.
was opened in the first week of August, 1903. It is built of wood and iron, and has accommodation for sixty pupils. Mrs Annie Maule, the teacher in charge, was born at Ohaupo, Waikato, trained as a teacher in the Auckland district, and was appointed to Ardgowan when the school was opened.
was erected in 1904 on part of a section of one acre in extent. It is centrally situated, and has seating room for 120 adults. Services are regularly held by the minister, who resides at Weston.
, Farmer, “Silverstream,” Ardgowan. Mr. Aitchison was born in Roxburgh, Scotland, in 1858, and was educated in County Mayo, Ireland, and in Wigtonshire, Scotland. He was brought up to a country life, and came to Lyttelton by the ship “Waikato,” in 1879. He settled at Weston, and found employment in the Oamaru district. In November, 1902, Mr. Aitchison bought his present property, “Silverstream,” which comprises sixty-seven acres, held under leasehold in perpetuity. He is a member of the committee of the local Presbyterian church, and has served on the school and hall committees. Mr. Aitchison was married, in 1885, to a daughter of Mr. William Russell, of Waiareka.
. Farmer, Upper Ardgowan. Mr. Garrow was born in December, 1822, on the boundary of Perthshire and Argyleshire, Scotland, but both his parents belonged to Morayshire. His father was for many years an Inspector of Roads and Bridges under a Parliamentary Commission. He was trained to fill the same position and ultimately succeeded his father, and his father's brother occupied the position until the Parliamentary grant was withdrawn. Meanwhile Mr. Garrow was transferred to the Isle of Man, where he became Surveyor-General, and he held that position for about twelve years. After serving his fellows in these public capacities. Mr. Garrow says that ‘he came to New Zealand to serve the beasts of the field,’ and arrived in Port Chalmers by the ship “Auckland” in 1877. He settled for a few months in Dunedin, and then bought land at Richmond, wnere he remained for five years. After selling out his interest in that place, he bought 282 acres of freehold at Upper Ardgowan, where he settled in May, 1883. Mr. Garrow also leases forty acres of an adjoining reserve, and goes in chiefly for sheep farming. He
, Farmer, “Fern Hill,” Ardgowan. Mr. Grant was born in Abernethy-on-Spey, Scotland, in 1842, and was brought up to a country life, by his father, who was a farmer in that district. Mr. Grant commenced work at the age of ten yeas, and came by the ship “Schleswig Bride,” to Port Chalmers, in 1868. He found employment at Tokarahi for six months, and returned to the Oamaru district in 1869 for the harvest of that year. Since then Mr. Grant has been continuously connected with the district, and owns a freehold section of 195 acres at Hampden in addition to “Fern Hill,” which consists of sixty-five acres of freehold. As a Freemason Mr. Grant is attached to Lodge Oamaru Kilwinning. He was married, in 1875, to a daughter of the late Mr. William Donald, of Banff, Scotland, and has eight sons and two daughters.
, Farmer, Ardgowan. Mr. Gilchrist is a native of Cumbernauld, Dumbartonshire, Scotland, and was born on the 13th of June, 1838. For over thirty years he was a coalminer in Scotland. He arrived in Port Chalmers by the ship “Marlborough,” in 1879, and settled at Purakanui, where he farmed for two years. He was for a year afterwards mining at Shag Point, and afterwards had six months' experience on the West Coast, whence he returned to Purakanui for a year. He subsequently removed to Dunedin, where he engaged in road-contracting for three years. Mr. Gilchrist was afterwards placed in charge of the Co-operative Labourers engaged in the construction of the Otago Central railway, and held that position for two years. His farm at Ardgowan is eighty acres in extent, and is held in the name of his son William, with whom he resides. Mr. Gilchrist was married, in 1861, to a daughter of Mr. John Brough, of Dumbarton. This lady died in 1871, leaving three sons, and in 1873 Mr. Gilchrist married a daughter of Mr. William Marshall, of Dumbarton. His second wife died on the 10th of February, 1903, leaving five sons and two daughters.
, Farmer, Ardgowan. Mr. Isbister was born in the Orkney Islands, Scotland, on the 1st of March, 1851, and was brought up to farming from his earliest years. He came to Port Chalmers by the ship “William Davie” in 1871, and settled in the Oamaru district, with which he has since been connected, except for two years passed in Southland, and nine months in the year 1887, when he took a trip to the Old Country. On his return to the colony Mr. Isbister commenced farming near Enfield, where he continued till becoming an original selector on the Ardgowan settlement, in June, 1896, when he drew a section of 155 1/2 acres, under a lease in perpetuity. Mr. Isbister goes in extensively for dairy work. As a volunteer he served for a short time in the Orkney Islands. He was married, in 1887, to a daughter of Mr. William Dunnet, of Orkney, and has two sons and one daughter.
, Farmer. “Riversdale,” Ardgowan. Mr. Russell was born in County Antrim, Ireland, in January, 1846, and was brought up on his father's farm. He went to America in 1870, six years later visited his native island, and shortly afterwards sailed for Lyttelton in the ship “City of Dunedin.” On his arrival Mr. Russell found employment in the Cust district, and remained there for nine years. He then removed to North Otago, and farmed at Goodwood, Palmerston, and Waikouaiti, successively, till 1896, when he acquired his present property. “Riversdale” is part of the original Ardgowan estate, and consists of seventy-three acres, held under the perpetual lease system. Mr. Russell has served on the Flag Swamp and Weston school committees. He was married, in 1879, to a daughter of the late Mr. James Taggart, of County Tyrone, Ireland, and has five daughters and three sons.
is the name of an agricultural and dairy farming district, which originally consisted of the Whit-stone sheep station, and has been appropriately named from the white stone which abounds in the locality. It is six miles from Oamaru and two from Enfield, and the main road connecting Oamaru with Ngapara passes through the settlement. The local flag station, which is named Lorne, stands at an elevation of 264 feet above sea level, and is on the branch railway line from Oamaru to Ngapara and Tokarahi. The local ereamery is well supported, and a post office is conducted at the manager's house. Settlers send their children to the public school at Enfield. The land in the district is good in quality, and rests on a limestone formation and the country is undulating in character. Whitstone is in the Waiareka riding of the county of Waitaki, and at the census of 1901 had a population of fifty-one.
, Farmer, Whistone. Since becoming a landowner at Whitstone, Mr. Avery has increased the area of his farm from 104 to 212 acres, and is going in extensively for dairy farming, which he has found to be more lucrative than agriculture. In the season of 1903 he reaped seventy bushels of oats from a thirty-six acre paddock, but claims to have obtained a considerably higher result in eash from half the area devoted to dairying. The byre on his property is on the most modern design, and will hold about seventy cows, but he intends to increase his herd of milkers to 100. The produce is sent to the Whitstone ereamery. Mr. Avery is referred to in another article as a painter and decorator in Oamaru, and also as a member of the Oamaru Harbour Board, to which he was appointed by the Government as successor to the late Mr. E. Menlove.
, Farmer, Whitstone. Mr. Gilchrist was born in 1882 at Hampden, Otago, and has always followed a country life. He commenced farming on his own account in 1897, at Ote-popo, where, he leased land till May, 1902, when he removed to Whitstone. His property consists of eighty-six acres of leasehold land, which is chiefly devoted to dairy farming. Twenty cows are in milk, and the milk is sent to the local creamery, Mr. Gilchrist served as a volunteer in the Otepopo Rifles for several years. He was married, in 1891, to a daughter of Mr. Thomas Henderson, of Herbert, and has one daughter.
is a settlement which lies between the Waiareka and Windsor junctions on the Oamaru - Tokarahi branch line of railway. The original name of the district was Teaneraki, after Mr. W. Meek's property, but it was changed in the early eighties to Enfield, so as to avoid confusion through its similarity to Taranaki. Enfield is in the Waiareka riding of the Waitaki county and in the Oamaru electorate, and the population of the district, including that of the small settlement of Teaneraki, is 289. The flag railway station at Enfield is but eight miles from Oamaru and five from Windsor junction, and is 142 feet above sea level. Enfield has a public school and a public hall, and a cremery, which was formerly a butter factory, and is worked by water-power. The business premises comprise two stores, two butcheries and two smiths' shops. Fermerly the district had a hotel, but it is now (1904) without a license. The business of the postal and telegraph department is conducted at one of the local stores. The surrounding country is of rich dairying and grain-growing quality, and is well watered by the Waiareka creek. The main road between Oamaru and Ngapara passes through the settlement.
was opened in 1875. The building, which stands on two acres of land, is of wood and iron, and contains two class rooms, with a porch and shed under the main roof. There is accommodation for 100 pupils; the roll number is eighty-five and the average attendance seventy. A good playground surrounds the school, and there in also a shelter shed. The teacher's residence contains seven rooms and is built on a terrace overlooking the school. The headmaster is assisted by an infant mistress.
, Headmaster of the Enfild Public School, was, born at Oakington, Cambridge, England, in 1815. He attended the village school for a time, and in 1852 was brought to Adelaide, South Australia, by his father, who died in April, 1903, in his ninety-second year. Mr. Francis Golding went to school in Adelaide and on coming to Otago, studied at the Tokomairiro Grammar School and at the Otago University for two sessions; indeed, he had the honour of being one of the first students of the last-named institution at its inception. His first appointment as a teacher was at Merton, Otago, in 1873. He was in charge at Merton for five years; and after taking a session at the Training College, Duuedin, he was subsequently for five years headmaster of the public school at Clinton, before receiving his present appointment at Enfield in 1883. Mr. Golding served as a volunteer in the Bruce Rifles, for two years, and as a Freemason he is attached to Lodge Waitaki, New Zealand Constitution, He, is also a member of the Enfield Lodge of the Independent Order of Oddfellows, of which he was secretary for about three years. Mr.
, Butcher, Wellington Street, Enfleld. This business was established in 1878, and has been conducted on the premises now occupied since 1881. Mr. Cox was born in Berkshire, England, in 1855, and attended school in his native place, Subsequently he served a part apprenticeship as a butcher in London, and came to Port Chalmers by the barque “Lutterworth,” in 1869. He entered the employment of Mr. H. T. Muscott, of Hampden, where he remained for nine years, when he removed to the Enfield district. Mr. Cox owns ten acres and a quarter of freehold, and leases fifty-five acres of educational reserve. He served for many years on the Enfiled school committee, of which he was secretary, and as a volunteer was six years in the Hampden Rifles and two years in the Oamaru corps. He is also a member of the Waiareka Lodge of Oddfellows. Mr. Cox was married, in March, 1883, to a daughter of the late Mr. Lawrence Robertson, of Caversham, Dunedin, and has a surviving family of four sons and seven daughters.
, Butcher, Wellington Street, Enfield, This business was founded in 1830, and the premises consist of shop and residence, with an acre of freehold land attached. The proprietor also owns three-quarters of an acre of freehold on the opposite side of the road. The slaughterhouse is erected on part of a freehold of thirteen acres and a half in another part of the township. Mr. James was born at Barnett, Harts, England, in 1843, and was educated in his native county, where he served part of an apprenticeship. In 1862 he came to Port Chalmers by the ship “Cala,” and had experience on the Otago diggings, at Silverstream, Dunstan, and Cromwll. Three years later he visited the West Coast diggings, and was afterwards engaged in outdoor work at Cheviot Hills for some time Mr. James was engaged as slaughterman at the meat preserving works at Washdyke, near Timaru, for three years. before finally settling at Enfield in 1877. He commenced work there with Mr. Russell, butcher, and subsequently started his present business. For many years Mr. James served on the Enfield school committee and on the local library and hall committee; and was chairman of the library committee for about five years. He was married, in October, 1881, to the widow of the late Mr. Walter Worley, of Enfield, and has had two sons and one daughter, but one of the sons is dead. Mrs James had two sons and two dauehters by her first marriage.
, Farrier and General Blacksmith, Enfield, with a branch at Windsor. This business was established in 1877 by Mr. William Henderson, now of North East Valley, Dunedin, and was bought by Mr. Heenan in 1901. The premises consist of a shop and dwelling house, standing on eleven acres of leasehold land. The Windsor branch of the business was opened by the proprietor in 1902. Mr. Heenan was born at Taieri, Otago, in 1878, learned his trade at Riversdale, Southland, and afterwards found employment as a journeyman at Mataura and Invercargill. He served as a volunteer in the Riverton Rifles for about four years. and is attached to the Enfield Lodge of Oddfellows. Mr. Heenan was married, in 1902, to a daughter of Mr. William Shanks, of Mataara.
. Farmer, “Emleigh,” Enfield, “Emleigh” consists of 324 acres of freehold land, and is worked as a mixed farm. The proprietor was born in Stromness, Orkney Islands, in 1855, and was brought up to outdoor work on his father's farm. At the age of sixteen he went to America and spent six years there, at sea in summer, and working ashore in winter. He also had two years' experience as a sailmaker. In 1876 Mr. Anderson landed at the Bluff by the ship “Marlborough, on her second trip to the colony, For some time he worked at various contracts on Edendale station, and subsequently carried his swag to Gore when that settlement consisted of not more than eight houses. He was employed for some time at Gore, and afterwards worked on the formation of the Clinton-to-Clutha railway. Shortly afterwards Mr. Anderson settled in the Oamaru district, and was employed in dressing stone at the Totara quarry. Later, he bought into the reserve with partners, and started quarrying at Weston. Five years afterwards he sold his interest, and began in the same locality on his own account, and continued in that way for about four years. In 1886 Mr. Anderson commenced carrying on the roads, and still conducts that business. From 1894 to 1993 he had his stables at Weston on part of a leased farm of seventy-eight acres. While he was in the Weston district, Mr. Anderson was a member of the local school committee and of the Public Hall committee. He was married, in 1880, to a daughter of the late Mr. William Gargeeg, of Christchurch, and has four sons and four daughters.
, Farmer, “Haydowns,” Enfield. Mr. Cowan was born in 1833, in the parish of Maybole, Ayrshire, Scotland, not far from the cottage of Robert Burns. He was brought up on a farm, and subsequently had experience for three years and a half in a writer's (lawyer's) office. In 1855 he arrived in Victoria, where he had a short experience on the diggings, and afterwards acquired an interest in a carrying business, in which he remained till 1862. He was then attracted to Otago and commenced carrying between Dunedin and the Dunstan. Afterwards he and a mate bought land in Shag Valley, where he farmed for a good many years till his partner married. Mr. Cowan then sold his interests, and settled at Waikouniti, where he leased land from Mr. John Jones—the well known pioneer colonist—und lived there for about twenty-one years. He was then for a short time in Palmerston, but removed in 1895, to Enfield, where he had leased a property of 360 acres. known as “Haydowns,” which he bought outright early in the year 1904. Mr. Cowan is well known throughout the colonies as a successful breeder of Ayrshire cattle, from an imported stud and the best colonial stock. For many years he has taken numerous prizes at Otago shows with these fine cattle, and has also been successful an an exhibitor of horses and sheep. Mrs Cowan was also a keen exhibitor of dairy produce and poultry at local shows. Mr. Cowan was
, Farmer, “Friston,” Enfield. Mr. Freeman was born at Halifax, Yorkshire, England, in 1847, and came to Port Chalmers with his parents by the ship “Nourmahal,” in 1856. His father was for four years in Dunedin and Kaikorai before buying land at Abbotsford, where he farmed for many years. It was in that distriet that Mr. Frederick Freeman gained his early experience of country life, and in turn he also followed the life of a settler there till 1891, when he sold his interest to take up up present property. Friston Farm consists of 518 acres of freehold, which is devoted to mixed farming. Mr. Freeman was married in 1880, to a daughter of the late Mr. John Dempster, who arrived at Port Chalmers by the ship “Stately,” in 1852, and was well known as a farmer at Green Island Bush. There is a family of four sons and one daughter.
, Farmer, Elderslie, near Enfield. Mr. Jackson is a native of Dumfries-shire, Scotland, He received his education and was brought up to pastoral pursuits in his native place, and came to Port Chalmers, in the ship “City of Dunedin” in 1867, under engagement to the late Hon. Robert Campbell, of Otekaike, when he remained for five years. Ho afterwards removed to Omarama, where he parsed ten years. He was then appointed to manage Lake Ohau Station, where he continued till 1891, when he became manager of Te Akaterawa Station, on the north bank of the Waitaki, for the National Mortage and Agency Company of New Zealand, Limited, When he left that position, he took up farming at Elderslie, Mr. Jackson married, in 1879, Miss Turnbull, of Oamaru, and has one son and two daughters.
, Farmer, Teaneraki Farm, Enfield. Mr. Meek was born in Linlithgow, Scotland, and arrivod at Port Chalmers, by the ship “Electric,” on the 4th ol June, 1863. He at once went to the Oamaru district, where he purchased 2100 acres of virgin land, which he soon brought under cultivation. Excellent crops of wheat were grown, and in good seasons the yield gave as high an average as fifty bushels to the acre. Mr. Meek has carried on mixed farming, and finds the crossbred ewe with the Shropshire ram the most profitable for raising fat lambs for export. He is also a breeder of Ayrshire stock. Mr. Meek has always identified himself with everything that tends to advance the district; he was a member of the road board for over twenty years till it was merged into the County Council, and is still an active member of the Agricultural and Pastoral Association, school committee, etc. Mr. Meek was married, in 1863, to Miss Scott, and has two sons and six daughters.
, Settler, Enfield. Mr. Rainforth is the only son of the late Mr. Thomas Rainforth, of Enfield, and was born at Rye Farm in 1873, and was brought up to country life by his father. For a time he acted as manager of the Enfield butter factory, and was in charge when the property was sold to the North Otago Dairy Company. Mr. Rainforth has had experience in connection with dairy factories in the North Island, and was for a time with the Cheltenham dairy factory in the Wellington district. Since 1901 he has had charge of Messrs Nathan's butter factory at Utiku.
, Farmer, “Tottenham,” Enfield. Mr. Todd was born in Glasgow, in 1834, and went to school in
, sometime of Enfield, was born in Yorkshire, England, and arrived in Victoria in the early sixties. Soon afterwards he came to Otago where he was a carrier on the goldfields for a number of years. He then became proprietor of Rye Farm near Elderslie, and afterwards bought a farm at Enfield, working both estates for a number of years. Mr. Rain-forth entered into partnership with Mr. George Bruce, and the firm worked the Enfield flour mill for some time. Mr. Rain-forth subsequently purchased his partner's interest, and worked the mill on his own account, and in 1891 established a butter factory, which he carried on at Enfield till his death in October, 1897. He was an enterprising settler, and at various times served as a member of the Waiareka Road Board. Mr. Rainforth was married, in 1867, to Miss Beckingsale, of Dunedin. His wife died on the 15th of September, 1875, leaving one son and three daughters.
, near Enfield. This estate is the property of Mr. John Reid, J.P., and is situated about ten miles from Oamaru, and within two miles of Enfield. The first part was purchased from the Crown by Mr. Reid as early as 1865, when the land was in its native state. However, Mr. Reid at once began to bring it under cultivation, and in some years 3000 acres were sown in grain and grass. All the land is now in grass, and what was not ploughed was surface sown. At first, Mr. Reid stocked his land with Merino sheep, but as the area under artificial grass increased he turned his attention to the heavier breeds, and kept only a small flock of Vermont Merinos, with a pedigree dating back to 1822. The members of this flock have been so carefully bred that their blood is as pure as that of the Tudors or Plantagenets. In 1879, Mr. Reid began to exhibit longwoolled sheep, and since then has exhibited at fifty-two shows, at which he has won seventy-two championship awards 315 first, 256 second, and seventy-one third prizes for sheep alone. “Elderslie” is also famous for its Clydosdale and thoroughbred horses, and shorthorn cattle. “Elderslie” House is a two-storey building of Oamaru stone; it is situated on rising ground and commands a noble view of the surrounding country. A fine avenue leads up to the house. The grounds are admirably laid out and their beauty is much enhanced by means of charming artificial lakes. As a sylvan landscape the neighbourhood of Mr. Reid's home is unsurpassed in New Zealand.
was born near Stirling, Scotland, in 1835. On leaving school he entered commercial life in Glasgow and came out to Australia in 1853. Ten years later he crossed the Tasman Sea and entered into business in Dunedin. He purchased the first part of “Elderslie” in 1865, and gradually increased his area till it amounted to 17,000 acres. In 1879 Mr. Reid bought the adjoining estate of “Balruddery” from Dr. Webster's trustees. It also consisted of 17,000 acres, and its purchase brought Mr. Reid's total area up to 34,000 acres. A considerable portion of the land has since been sold for settlement in agricultural farms. Mr. Reid has always taken an active part in public affairs. In 1868 he was made a Justice of the Peace, and was a member of the Otago Waste Lands Board from 1868 to 1872. He was one of the Railway Commissioners in 1880; has served on the local road board, the Oamaru Harbour Board, and has been twice president of the North Otago Agricultural and Pastoral Association. In his efforts to promote the frozen meat industry, he was instrumental in having the s.s. “Elderslie” built, and loaded the vessel himself on three successive trips. Mr. Reid was married, in 1855, to Miss Humphries, youngest daughter of the late Mr. James Humphries, of Paisley, and his family consists of seven sons and five daughters.
(or Windsor Junction as the railway flag station is called) is thirteen miles from Oamaru, twelve from Tokarahi and four from Ngapara by rail. The station is 278 feet above sea level, and two trains arrive and depart daily; the terminal stations beyond having each two trains daily on only four days of the week. The village of Windsor lies about half a mile off the main road between Oamaru and Ngapara, and the same road passes the Elderslie, Windsor Park, and Corriedale estates. In 1876 the railway line was extended to Ngapara, and the branch to Tokarahi was opened in 1893. There is a public school at Windsor on the hill overlooking the valley, and Presbyterian church services are conducted, alternately in the mornings and evenings, each Sunday. A creamery adjoins the railway station, and the business of the postal and telegraph department is conducted at the local store. There is also a blacksmith's shop. There are a number of freehold farmers in the vicinity, and portions of the Windsor Park and Elderslie estates are held by settlers who are rapidly developing their properties. The land is rich agricultural soil, with limestone underlying, and has an undulating surface.
is conducted at the store of Mr. Richard Taylor, who is more fully referred to in another article. The Port Office was opened in 1879, and telephone connection was established in 1898. Two mails are received and despatched daily.
was founded about 1890, and the settlers contributed towards the original cost of the site. The building is of wood and iron, and has accommodation for about seventy pupils. There are fifty-two names on the roll, and the average attendance is about forty. The teacher in charge, Miss Elizabeth Gow Christie, is the youngest daughter of the Rev. John Christie, for nearly forty years Presbyterian minister at Waikouaiti, where she was born. Miss Christie, who holds a D 3 certificate, has been in charge at Windsor since 1896.
, General Store-keeper and Farmer, Windsor. Mr. Taylor was born in Paris, his early education was received in France, and as a child he spoke the language. He afterwards removed with his parents to Ireland, and for eight years was at Cork, where he was brought up to the business of a mineral water manufacturer. He came to Port Chalmers by the ship “James Nicol Fleming,” in 1876, and transhipped to Oamaru. Mr. Taylor settled at once in the Windsor district, and established his present business in 1879. The premises consist of a double-fronted shop, built of wood and iron, with a residence at the back, and there is a section of three-quarters of an acre of land. Mr. Taylor also holds thirty acres of freehold on the hill adjoining, and fifty acres of leasehold land. The business of the Post Office and Telephone Bureau is conducted at the store. Mr. Taylor helped to found the local public school, and served as a member of the committee for many years, during part of which he was chairman. He was married, in 1875, to a daughter of Mr. James Joyce, of Cork. Ireland, but his wife died in 1896, leaving two sons and five daughters. The eldest son was a member of the First and Sixth New Zealand Contingents in South Africa, and is now in charge of a Government depot in South Africa.
(Egerton Humphries Reid, proprietor), Windsor. This property, which consists of 900 acres of freehold, is worked as a mixed farm. A stud flock of Lincoln and English Leicester sheep from the best imported and colonial strains is kept on the estate, as well as a small herd of pure Alderney cattle.
, the Proprietor, is the sixth son of Mr. John Reid, of Elderslie, where he was born in 1875. He was educated at Blairlogie, Scotland, and at Christ's College, Christchurch, and about 1898 commenced farming on his own account at “Arnmore.” Mr. Reid was married, in July, 1901, to a daughter of the late Mr. Edmund Gibson, of Waitangi station, Waitaki, and has one daughter.
(John Reid, proprietor is situated five miles west of Windsor. The estate comprises 18,500 acres of freehold land, which lies mostly in the Inchholme riding of the county of Waitaki, on the west bank of the Kakanui river, which bounds the property for about fourteen miles. The house is on the east side of the river, opposite the homestead, with which it is connected by a private suspension bridge. About
, Manager of Balruddery, is the third son of Mr. John Reid, of Elderslie, and was born in Dunedin, in 1865. He was educated at the Otago Boys' High School, was brought up to pastoral pursuits by his father, and became manager of the pastoral department of the Elderslie estate in 1887. In 1901, on the death of Mr. Angus Polson, who had managed Balruddery since its was purchased in 1879, Mr. Reid assumed the management of the property. He served for a time in the Otago Hussars, and, later on, in the North Otago Mounted Rifles, in which he held a commission as flieutenant for seven years. Mr. Reid is a member of the North Otago Jockey Club, of which he was president in 1903, and is also a member of the South Island Council of the New Zealand Sheepbreeders' Association. He was married, in 1894, to a daughter of Mr. G. L. Sise, Dunedin.
, Farmer, Five Roads Farm, Windsor. Mr. Irvine was born in 1868. in County Antrim, Ireland, where he was trained as a farmer. He arrived at Lyttelton by the S.S. “Tongariro” in 1883, and after two years in Auckland settled in the Oamaru district, where he found employment as a ploughman, and afterwards became a shepherd on Waitangi station. He subsequently held similar positions at Te Akatarawa and Kuriheka, and in 1900 he drew a section of 366 acres on the Elderslie settlement. Mr. Irvine has erected a homestead and effected many improvements on his property. He was married, in 1900, to a daughter of the late Mr. Archibald Johnston, of Maheno, and has two daughters.
, Farmer, “Te Kainga,” Windsor. “Te Kainga” was originally part of the Elderslie estate, and consists of 612 acres, held under a lease in perpetuity. The land is devoted to grazing and cropping, and in the season of 1903 the wheat crop averaged forty-nine bushels, and the oats over eighty bushels per acre. The property has been greatly improved by the erection of a very fine residence, together with outbuildings, and the construction of a great deal of fencing. Mr. Livingstone, the proprietor, is further referred to as a member of the Waitaki County Council.
, Farmer, Windsor. Mr. McCone was born in 1865, at Carrick-fergus, County Antrim, Ireland. He came to Port Chalmers by the ship “Auckland” in 1880, and was brought up to country life by his father, who is a farmer in the Otiake district. Mr. McCone started farming and contracting in that neighbourhood in 1888, and was subsequently engaged in cropping on his own account for two years. In 1900 he became one of the first selectors on the Elderslie estate, drawing a section of ninety-six acres, under a lease in perpetuity. He has erected a cottage on his property and has effected considerable improvements. Mr. McCone was married, on the 7th of September, 1898, to a daughter of the late Mr. Thomas Moreton, of Staffordshire, England, and has two sons and one daughter.
(John Slattery and Michael Slattery), Farmers, Windsor. This firm owns 130 acres of freehold land, which is devoted to mixed farming; and in the season of 1903 oats on the property yielded about sixty bushels to the acre.
, the Senior Partner, was born in 1870, in County Limerick, Ireland, and has had farming experiences in various parts of New Zealand.
was born in 1871 in County Limerick, Ireland, and came to Lyttelton with his parents by the ship “Glenmark” in the following year. He was brought up to country life in the Halswell district, and in 1890 removed to Ashburton, where he found employment, and subsequently had five years' experience at Kimbolton (Birmingham) in the Wellington district, where he was farming bush land. For three years afterwards Mr. Slattery was farming in the Pahiatua district, and in June, 1901, he and his brother bought their farm at Windsor.
, Farmer, Windsor. Mr. Smith was born at Christchurch, in 1862, and educated at Temuka, where he gained his first experience in farming. He took up land in Southland, in 1892, and four years later removed to the Ngapara district, where he farmed for five years, before acquiring his present property which was originally part of the Elderslie estate. The land, which is 700 acres in extent, is held under a lease in perpetuity. It is devoted to agriculture and the raising of stock. Mr. Smith has erected a very fine residence, with convenient out-buildings, and the land has already been subdivided into seven large paddocks. Mr. Smith served for two years in the Canterbury Yeomanry Cavalry, and for fourteen years in the Temuka Rifles. While at Temuka he was for several years a member of the Order of Oddfellows, and is at present connected with the Protestant Alliance in Oamaru. As a Freemason he was initiated in Lodge St. George, Temuka, and is attached to Lodge Ngapara, No. 68, New Zealand Constitution. Mr. Smith was also a member of the Ngapara school committee for three
, Farmer. Windsor Farm, Windsor. Mr. Watson is the youngest son of one of Canterbury's pioneer settlers, the late Mr. W. M. Watson, of Upper Riccarton, near Christchurch, where he was born in 1869. He was educated at Upper Riccarton, and worked on one of his father's farms before starting on his own account at Ladbrooks in the Lincoln district, in 1891. After about eight years' experience there Mr. Watson sold out to one of his brothers and bought his present farm at Windsor Junction, between the Tokaráhi and Ngapara branch lines of railway. The property consists of 565 acres of freehold, originally part of the Windsor Park estate, and is mostly rolling downs of strong limestone land, admirably adapted for dairying and agricultural farming. In the season of 1903 the wheat crop averaged sixty-one bushels, and some eighty acres of oats yielded nearly 100 bushels to the acre. A fine homestead and outbuildings have been erected on the property. During his residence in Canterbury, Mr. Watson was a director of the Central Dairy Factory, for about five years. In 1902 he was one of the committee appointed to investigate the affairs of the North Otago Dairy Company, of which he is now a director. He was also one of the provisional directors of the North Otago Farmers' Co-operative Association, and has been chairman of the Windsor school committee for three years. Mr. Watson was married, in 1892, to a daughter of Mr. Robert Blake, of Papanui, Christchurch, and has three sons and one daughter.
, Farmer, Tapui Homestead, Windsor. Mr. Williams was born at Llanthewy Vach, near Pontypool, Monmouthshire, England, in 1844. His father being a farmer, he was also brought up to farming. Mr. Williams left England in September, 1866, arrived in Adelaide on the 1st of January, 1867, and remained in South Australia four years. He then visited New Zealand, and made up his mind to try farming in the colony, and settled in the Oamaru district, on Mount Pleasant farm, for some years. In 1878 he bought Whitstone estate, of about 400 acres, and farmed it for twenty-two years. During that time he was elected to represent the Waiareka riding on the Waitaki County Council, of which he was a member for nine years. Mr. Williams was also a member of the Oamaru Harbour Board, Licensing Committee, the Waiareka school committee, and also of the North Otago Pastoral and Agricultural Assosiation, for many years. In 1890 he was president of the Agricultural Association, and has also been a member of other public bodies. Mr. Williams bought Tapui station in 1899. It consists of 3800 acres of freehold and 2000 acres of leasehold; and he has now turned his attention to sheep farming. He visited England and Scotland in 1886. Mr. Williams was married, in 1871, to a daughter of the late Mr. Lachlan McFadyen, of South Australia, and has three sons and seven daughters.
is an agricultural and pastoral district with a flag station on the Oamaru-Tokarahi line, twenty-three miles from Oamaru, and two miles from Tokarahi. The station stands at an elevation of 681 feet above sea level, and the population of the settlement at the census of 1901 was seventy-one. Island Cliff is in the Awamoko riding of the Waitaki county, and in the electorate of Mount Ida. The district has a post office and telephone bureau, a public school, a blacksmith's shop, and a creamery, which is well supported by the settlers in the neighbourhood. The district takes its name from a notable hill on Mr. W. Gardiner's estate; the hill is almost entirely surrounded by streams, and its cone consists of limestone formation. The main road along the settlement passes through a remarkable ravine on the course of the Awamoko river; its sides consist of limestone buttresses, from which slope away the green table-lands. A great many of the settlers hold their land from the Government under leases in perpetuity, the farms having originally formed a portion of the Tokarahi estate.
, which stands on part of a section of ten acres in extent, is of wood and stone, and contains a class room and porch. There is accommodation for forty children; there are twenty-six names on the roll, and the average attendance is twenty-three. A teacher's residence of four rooms adjoins the school building. There is a shelter shed in the playground, and a convenient paddock for the children's horses. The school was originally known as the Tokarahi school, but the name was changed to Island Cliff on the opening of a new school on the Tokarahi estate.
, Headmistress of the Island Cliff school, was born in Dunedin, and educated there at the Normal school and Girls' High school. She studied for two years at the Normal Training College and gained a D 3 certificate. Miss Burnside was in charge of Deep Stream school for two years and a half, and afterwards for a year at Tahora school, before being appointed to her present position in September, 1902.
, General Black-smith and Farmer, Island Cliff. This business was established at Cross Ford in 1878, and was removed to its present site on the opening of the Tokarahi estate. Mr. Henderson was born in Carnwath parish, Lanarkshire, Scotland, in 1854, and learned his trade as blacksmith under his father. He came to Port Chalmers in 1884 by the ship “Wild Deer,” and for some time worked under Mr. E. Menlove at Windsor Park, and was afterwards with Mr. David Henderson at Oamaru, before starting his present business. In addition to carrying on his trade, he leases sixty acres of land from Mr. William Gardiner. Before leaving Scotland, Mr. Henderson was a member of the Lanarkshire Yeomanry Cavalry, and after settling in New Zealand he served as a member of the North Otago Hussars for four years. He held office as farrier-corporal, and farrier-sergeant, and resigned with the rank of sergeant-major. Mr. Henderson served for a year on the Island Cliff school committee, and was chairman of that body. He was married, in 1877, to Miss White, of Hawick, Scotland, and has three sons and two daughters.
, Settler, Island Cliff. Mr. Bennett was born in Kent, England, in 1850, and in his early years was employed at lime and cement works. In 1874 he came out to Port Chalmers by the ship “James Nicol Fleming,” and settled in the Oamaru district, where he has since resided with the exception of a year spent in Australia. He has found employment on various stations, and since 1897 has been engaged in general work on Mr. William Gardiner's station at Island Cliff.
, Settler, Island Cliff, Mr. Dobson was born in County Donegal, Ireland, on the 10th of May, 1852, and was brought up to farming. He arrived at Port Chalmers in 1874 by the ship “Parsee,” and for two years was employed by Mr. Menlove at Windsor Park, and for five years subsequently worked for Mr. Andrew Bell, contractor. Dunedin. Mr. Dobson was then employed for four years by Mr. William Howden, of Tokarahi, and in 1883 he was appointed surfaceman in charge of the Island Cliff section of the roads under the Waitaki County Council, which position he still holds. He is a member of the Island Cliff school committee, and is a Past Noble Grand of the Ngapara Lodge of Oddfellows, Manchester Unity. Mr. Dobson was married, on the 3rd of January, 1883, to a daughter of the late Mr. James Henderson, of Oamaru, and has one son and one daughter. Mrs Dobson came to Port Chalmers with her father in 1874 by the ship “Wild Deer.”
, Farmer, Cross Ford, Island Cliff. Mr. Dobson was born in 1855, near Derry, Ireland, and was brought up to an outdoor life. He arrived in Port Chalmers by the ship “Parsee,” and shortly after-wards settled in the Ngapara district. About 1883 he commenced cropping, and followed that calling for a number of years, before leasing his present farm of 100 acres at Cross Ford. Mr. Dobson is a member of the Island Cliff school committee, and is attached to the Ngapara Lodge of the Independent Order of Oddfellows. He was married, in 1879, to a daughter of the late Mr. Henry Diver, of Donegal, Ireland, and has four sons and two daughters.
, Farmer, Olrig Farm, Island Cliff. Mr. Fox was born in 1852, and is a son of the late Mr. Fox of Nelson. For about fourteen years he was master of the Ashburton Old Men's Home, and in 1897 became one of the original selectors of the Tokarahi estate. Mr. Fox's farm, which he holds under a lease in perpetuity, consists of 400 acres, and the land is utilised for rearing cattle, sheep, and pigs, and the raising of crops. Mr. Fox was married in 1883 to Mrs Maclaren, widow of the late James Maclaren, merchant, Glasgow, Scotland.
, Farmer, Tapui, Island Cliff. Mr. Gardiner was born at Colac, Victoria, and accompanied his parents to New Zealand, in the ship “Armin,” in 1861. His father was for many years managing partner at Maerewhenua, in the firm of Messrs Borton and McMaster. Mr. Gardiner purchased the Tapui property, which consists of 3850 acres, in 1877, and at once engaged in wheat-growing; his average yields in a fair season have been equal to forty bushels to the acre. He also breeds and fattens stock, especially crossbred sheep, and besides these, he keeps a splendid flock of strong combing Merinos, his
, Settler, Island Cliff. Mr. McKay was born in Caithness, Scotland, in December, 1844. He was brought up as a shepherd and came to Port Chalmers by the ship “William Davie” in 1887. He was a shepherd at North Taieri for two years, and after a short time at Oamaru went to the Dunstan in 1869, when he took a position on the Galloway station for a year. Subsequently he was shepherding for a year at Pisa station, and then engaged in mining in that district for two years. Mr. McKay was sent to Lake Wakatipu to deliver a station and stock to Messrs Matheson Brothers. He then returned to Galloway station, where he was employed until 1877, when he settled at Island Cliff, and for about fifteen years was cropping and farming on the Tokarahi estate. Mr. McKay is at present (1904) shepherd to Mr. William Gardiner, of Island Cliff. He was at one time a member of the Order of Foresters at Alexandra. Mr. McKay was married, in 1876, to a daughter of the late Mr. James Roach, of County Wexford, Ireland, and has six sons and five daughters.
, originally the name of a large sheep station, is now a flourishing agricultural and pastoral settlement, which is connected with Oamaru by the Tokarahi branch line of railway. It was originally intended that the line should be continued to Naseby in Central Otago, which would then have been connected with the port of Oamaru; but that was frustrated by the people of Dunedin inaugurating the Otago Central railway. Tokarahi railway station is twenty-two miles from Oamaru, and stands at an elevation of 721 feet above the level of the sea. Two trains run each way on four days of the week. There is a post office and telephone bureau, and a public school, and the Island Cliff creamery is not more than a mile from the railway station. The country is undulating, and of rich limestone formation. It is in the Otekaike riding of the Waitaki county, in the electorate of Mount Ida. The original estate was owned for many years by Messrs Borton and McMaster. A large portion of the estate, which had been acquired by the Government for close settlement, was thrown open in 1897, but the homestead was retained by Mr. A. A. McMaster, the present proprietor. According to the census of March, 1901, the village and neighbourhood had then a population of 176. The district is watered by the Awamoko river.
was established in 1899. It has a glebe of five acres, is of wood and iron, is a school and residence combined, and has accommodation for sixty-four pupils. There are thirty-five names on the roll, and the average attendance is twenty-eight. The teacher in charge, Miss Elizabeth Susan Eudora de Lambert, was born in Ceylon, and arrived in New Zealand with her parents in 1883.
, Farmer, “The Willows,” Tokarahi. Mr. Bremner was born in Scotland, in 1852, and came to Port Chalmers with his parents in 1857 by the ship “Palmyra.” The family settled in Dunedin, and there he was educated. He has done a great deal of cropping and contract work in the Tokarahi district, and for seventeen years was in the employment of Mr. George Hutchison. Mr. Bremner took up his holding near the Livingstone Hill in 1897. The property consists of 100 acres held under a lease in perpetuity, and in addition to working this, Mr. Bremner generally crops from 100 to 200 acres of land.
, Farmer, Centre Park, Tokarahi. Mr. Duff was born in Dunedin, in 1830, and was educated at Green Island. He was brought up to country life at Waihola, and afterwards started business as a butcher at Outram. After about fifteen years the business was taken over by his son, and Mr. Duff acquired “Centre Park.” This is a property of 431 acres held under a lease in perpetuity, and is worked as a mixed farm. During his residence at Outram, Mr. Duff took a prominent part in all matters affecting the welfare of the town; he served on the Town Board for most of the time, and also on the school committee. As a volunteer Mr. Duff served in the cadet corps. He was married, in 1875, to Miss Steele, of the North of Ireland, and has three sons and two daughters.
, Farmer, Hill View, Tokarahi. Mr. Hore was born in 1873 at Naseby, Central Otago, and was brought
, Farmer, “Glenmoa,” Tokarahi. Mr. Howden was born in 1853 in Dunedin, educated at Green Island, and brought up to farming. He was in business as a butcher for a short time at Caversham, before settling in the Oamaru district in 1877. In 1880 he leased a farm on the Tokarahi estate from Mr. McMaster, and on the opening of the settlement in 1897, secured part of the same block on which his homestead already stood. Mr. Howden's property consists of 454 acres of land, which he holds under a lease in perpetuity, and devotes to mixed farming. Mr. Howden served as a volunteer in the North Otago Hussars and is at present (1904) a member of the Ngapara Rifle Club. For some time he has served on the Island Cliff school committee, and now acts as its secretary. As a Freemason he is a Past Master of Lodge Ngapara, No. 68, New Zealand Constitution. Mr. Howden was married, in 1888, to a daughter of Mr. Thomas Finnie, of Saddle Hill, and has three daughters.
, Farmer, “Rocklands,” Tokarahi. Mr. Hutchison was born in Lanarkshire. Scotland, in 1839. He was brought up to country life, and served for some time as a gardener. In 1861 he came to Port Chalmers, by the ship “Young American,” which brought out the first lot of Leicester sheep for the mon. Mathew Holmes and the New Zealand Land Company. Mr. Hutchison was a lumper at Port Chalmers for a time, was employed for a few months at Saddle Hill, and afterwards had five years' experience on the Nokomai, Nevis, Arrow, Twelve Mile, Shotover, and Molyneux diggings. Subsequently he spent eighteen months on the West Coast, and after a trip to Wellington and Nelson returned to Saddle Hill, where he took contracts for felling bush, making roads, and afterwards purchased a team and commenced carting. For some time he conveyed flour from the Kakanui flour mill and other places, and delivered it to surf boats on the beach. Mr. Hutchison started farming at Happy Valley, near Kakanui, and was afterwards for seven years cropping at Kauroo, near Maheno. In 1876 he removed to Tokarahi, and commenced contract ploughing under Mr. McMaster. He was the first to turn a furrow on the “Tables,” before either roads or fences were constructed. For about eighteen years before the Government acquired the Tokarahi estate, Mr. Hutchison leased 800 acres from the proprietors, and when the property was cut up, he acquired 536 acres, on which his original homestead had been erected in 1876. He has served on the Island Cliff school committee, and has long been a member of the North Otago Agricultural and Pastoral Association. Mr. Hutchison was married, in April, 1870, to a daughter of Mr. William Brash, who came to Otago in 1858 by the ship “Three Bells,” and now (1904) resides at Ngapara. Mr. Hutchison has two sons.
, “Ana-Tini.” Tokarahi. Mr. Huxford was born in 1857, in Devonshire, England, and was brought up to country life. He spent a few years at sea, before coming to Lyttelton by the ship “James Wishart,” in 1877. After engaging in mining for a few years in Lake Wakatipu district, he settled in 1888 at Kurow, where he was Government stock agent for seven years. In 1897 Mr. Huxford acquired his present property of 291 acres, under a lease in perpetuity; he works it as a mixed farm, and he has now made substantial improvements. The compound Maori word Ana-Tini means many caves, and is thoroughly descriptive of Mr. Huxford's property. Mr. Huxford is a member of the Order of Foresters at Kurow. He was married, in 1890, to a daughter of Mr. Thomas Anderson, J.P., of Little Awakino, Kurow, by whom he has had six children.
, Farmer, “Spring-side,” Tokarahi, Mr. Jamieson was born in Wigtonshire, Scotland, in 1853, and was brought up to a country life. He arrived at Port Chalmers in 1877 by the ship “Invercargill,” and for two years was at Mount Royal station, near Palmerston, and for a similar period at Tuapeka West. Mr. Jamieson was employed at Tokarahi for six years by Mr. McMaster, from whom he leased a block of land in 1887. On the opening of the settlement, he was fortunate in securing this property, which consists of 374 acres held under lease in perpetuity; he raises Clydesdale horses, cattle, sheep, and Yorkshire pigs. Mr. Jamieson served for three years as a member of the Island Cliff school committee.
, Farmer, “The Willows,” Tokarahi. Mr. McCone was born in County Antrim, Ireland, on the 26th of July, 1866, and came to Port Chalmers by the ship
, Tokarahi. This property was taken up with others in 1861 by Messrs Borton and McMaster and at the dissolution of the partnership, in 1878, the part known as “Tokarahi” was taken over by the late Mr. Alex. McMaster. It consisted of 13,000 acres of freehold and 70,000 leasehold, with a carrying capacity of 42,000 sheep. The Crown leases expired in 1891. A large amount of the freehold property has been sold by Mr. A. A. McMaster to the Government for settlement purposes, and he has retained only the homestead block with 1500 acres. This land is splendidly adapted for grain and root crops and the rearing and fattening of stock. Mr. McMaster keeps a small stud of thoroughbred horses and choice lots of pure-bred Alderney, Jersey and Guernsey cattle from imported stock; but the great feature of the property is its stud flock of strong combing heavy fleeced Merinos, descended from South Australian stock imported in 1864. At the dissolution of the original partnership this flock was divided, and in the following year the late Mr. Alex. McMaster imported another twenty rams from Mr. C. B. Fisher, of South Australia. In this way he established the existing high-class Tokarahi stud, which has gained over 330 first, second and third prizes, exclusive of numerous championships.
, Of “Tokarahi,” was born in 1863, at “Waikaura,” Oamaru, and educated at Rugby and on the Continent. He is a son of the late Mr. A. McMaster, sometime of the firm of Borton and McMaster. After a few years of travelling and training in commercial pursuits, he came to Oamaru to assist his father in the management of his property. Mr. McMaster has always taken great interest in athletic sports. He was married, in 1889, to Miss Reid, of Elderslie, and has two sons and one daughter.
, Runholder, Tokurahi. Mr. Robertson was born in Perthshire, Scotland, in 1863, and educated at Blackford. In his earlier years he followed farming, but subsequently entered commercial life in Perth and at Stirling. He came to New Zealand in 1877 in the ship “Timaru,” and landed at Dunedin. In September, 1877, he settled in the Waimate district, chiefly for the purpose of growing wheat on the Waikakahi estate, and he did that for fifteen years; in 1883 he took up 325 acres of Crown land, which he used chieffy in connection with the breeding and feeding of horses. Mr. Robertson took up a sheep run in North Otago in 1895. It comprises 14,000 acres, is known as Ben Ledi, and carries a flock of Merino and crossbred sheep. Mr. Robertson also owns a freehold farm of 640 acres in the same neighbourhood. He was married, in 1890, to Margaret, third daughter of Mr. Robert McFarlane, Stirlingshire, Scotland, and has one son and four daughters.
, Farmer, “Tableholm,” Tokarahi. Mr. Waddel was born on the 26th of April, 1883, at Christchurch, Canterbury, where he was educated. He was brought up to a country life, and in 1881 went to Southland, where he found employment for ten years in country occupations, and was for a number of years contracting and farming on his own account. In 1897 Mr. Waddel drew his section of 290 acres on the Tokarahi estate. A residence and outbuildings have been erected, besides a great deal of fencing; and other improvements have been made on the property, which is devoted to rearing cattle and raising crops. During his residence in Southland, Mr. Waddel was for two years a member of the Wendon Valley school committee, and he has served for three years on the Tokarahi school committee. He was connected with the Order of Oddfellows in Southland. Mr. Waddel was married, in 1887, to a daughter of the late Mr. David Matheson, of Chatton, Southland, and has had five sons, one of whom is dead.
, in the Waiareka riding of the Waitaki county, and in the Oamaru electorate, is an agricultural and pastoral district adjoining the Oamaru-Tokarahi railway line. The flag station is nineteen miles from Oamaru, and six miles by rail from Tokarahi, but only four by road. It stands at an elevation of 681 feet above the sea, in the midst of undulating country. The settlement is much scattered, and parts of the Elderslie estate and Tokarahi blocks in the vicinity are occupied by new settlers, whose tenure is leasehold in perpetuity.
, Farmer, Little Belmont, Tapui. Mr. McMurtie was born in 1874, in Carrickfergus, County Antrim, Ireland. He was brought up in London and Glasgow, and early learned to manage horses. In 1894 he came to Dunedin, via Australia, and worked his way up the Waitaki Valley to Otiake, where he found employment for four years. Afterwards he commenced cropping on the Otekaike station, and became one of the original selectors of the Elderslie settlement. Mr. McMurtie's property consists of 312 acres of land held under a lease in perpetuity, and the farm is devoted chiefly to cropping and dairying. Forty bushels of wheat and forty bushels of oats per acre were raised in the season of 1903. Mr. McMurtie was married, in 1900, to a daughter of Mr. James McCone, of Otiake, and has two sons.
is a mining and farming settlement on a hill near the east bank of the Maerewhenua river, and not far from the new bridge over that river, opened in 1902, to connect the settlement with the Maerewhenua diggings. It is the nearest township to Danzey's Pass, which leads over the ranges to Naseby in Central Otago, and is in the Otekaike riding of the Waitaki county, and in the Mount Ida electorate. It is said that the township was at first named Ramsayton, after Mr. George Ramsay Taylor, a merchant of Oamaru, but the settlement was renamed in compliment to the great African explorer, Dr. Livingstone. Gold digging in the district began in June, 1869, and since then alluvial mining by sluicing has been steadily carried on, as far as the water has allowed. At the census of 1901 the population of Livingstone village and vicinity was 187. Sheep-farming and some cropping and dairying are carried on in the district, and the Island Cliff creamery, six miles distant, is available for milk suppliers. The Athenæ Hall at Livingstone has seating accommodation for 200 persons. It was ereated in 1894, and divine services are held there, and also periodically in the public school. Livingstone has two stores, a butchery, an accommodation house, and a hotel from which the license has been withdrawn. There is also a local post office and telephone bureau. Livingstone Hill is twelve miles distant from Duntroon.
, which was established in 1878 stands on a fine site of six acres. The building is of wood and iron, and contains a classroom and porch with accommodation for sixty pupils. There are fifty-four names on the roll, and the average attendance is forty-six. A large playground surrounds the school, which has a prominent flagstaff, and the school residence of five rooms is surrounded by a picket fence. Latterly the headmaster has been assisted by a temporary mistress.
, Headmaster of the Livingstone Public School, was born in 1876, at Port Molyneaux, Clutha. He was educated at Balclutha and Clinton, and served a pupil-teachership of four years at the latter school. After a year at the Normal Training School, Dunedin. Mr. Ironside obtained his D certificate. He was stationed at Purakuaiti school, Catlin's district, for nearly two years, and was afterwards relieving at Waihola for a month, and at Palmerston South District High School for five months, before being appointed to Livingstone in April, 1901.
, Coachbuilder and General Blacksmith, Livingstone. Mr. Sommerville's premises, which consist of smithy, coach and paint shops standing on thirty-two acres of leasehold, are situated on the main road from Duntroon to Naseby, at the foot of the Livingstone Hill. The business was founded about 1894, and the shop and residence are near the boundary of the Tokarahi estate. Mr. Sommerville was born in the village of Forth, Lanarkshire, Scotland, in 1863, and came to Port Chalmers in 1880 by the ship “Nelson.” He learned his trade at Enfield, worked for a year at Pukeuri, and for nine years subsequently was at Kurow before establishing his present business. Mr. Sommerville has been a member of the Livingstone school committee almost continuously since settling in the district. He was married, in 1885, to a daughter of Mr. Robert Smith, of Greta station, Oamaru, and has two sons and three daughters.
, Farmer, Livingstone. Mr. Botting was born in 1860, near the mouth of the Murray river. South Australia, and came to New Zealand with his parents on the 25th of May, 1866. The family lived at Naseby for the first five years, and were a year in Dunedin before settling in the Livingstone district. Mr. Botting started mining on his own account in 1877, and although his time is now principally employed as a cattle dealer and in sheep-farming, he is still the owner of three mining claims. His property consists of 400 acres, together with a freehold of an acre on which his homestead stands. Mr. Botting has served as a member of the local school committee. He was married, in 1881, to a daughter of Mr. James McQuade, of Deborah, near Oamaru, and has two sons and three daughters.
, Miner, Livingstone. Mr. Carling was born at Stratford. Essex, England, and arrived in Victoria at the age of twenty by the ship “Suffolk.” He was on the diggings for about seven years, and in 1864 came to Otago, and settled at Naseby, whence eight years later he removed to Maerewhenua. Mr. Carling has always been interested in mining, and has seen the usual ups and downs of a digger's life. He was married, in 1871, to a daughter of the late Mr. James Logan, of Ayrshire, Scotland, and has five sons and three daughters. Mrs Carling, who is the mail contractor between Livingstone, Maerewhenua, and Duntroon, came to Port Chalmers by the ship “Storm Cloud,” in 1862. She has for several years conducted a convenient accommodation house, situated on an acre of land on the Livingstone Hill.
, sometime of Livimgstone, was born in Stockholm, Sweden, on the 19th of November, 1822, and was brought up to a mercantile life in the establishment of an uncle. Afterwards he followed a seafaring life for about eight years, and first visited New Zealand in a whaler in 1846. In 1851 he left the sea, being attracted to the Victorian gold diggings; and he settled in Otago in 1863. Mr. Osterberg was for about six years on the Kyeburn diggings, and removed to the Maerewhenua diggings in 1869. For the first eight years of his residence in that district, he kept cows and sold milk, and was afterwards carting on the road between Maerewhenua and Duntroon. In 1882 he established a store at Livingstone, and also became well known as a gold buyer. During his experiences at sea Mr. Osterberg was cast away on two occasions, in the years 1844 and 1855; the last occasion was at the Kaipara river, and in both instances everything was lost but the lives of the seamen. Mr. Osterberg died on the 1st of October, 1903.
, as a district, occupies a number of spurs and terraces on the west bank of the Maerewhenua river, opposite to Livingstone, with which it is connected by a traffic bridge, which was opened in 1902. As a goldmining district Mare-whenua dates from 1872. Since then alluvial mining by sluicing has been continuously carried on, though the water supply is largely dependent on the rainfall. In May, 1903, the Mountain Hut water-race was successfully completed, and was expected to lead to an important increase in the output of gold. The settlement is in the Otekaike riding of the Waitaki county, and in the electorate of Mount Ida, and had a population of 169 at the census of 1901. There is a public school and a large hall, in both of which religious services are periodically held, and there is a post office and telephone bureau in the settlement. Mining is not the only local industry, as sheep and cattle are kept, and crops are raised, throughout the district.
, Farmer and Miner, Mount Pleasant, Maerewhenua Diggings. Mr. Adams was born in Devonshire, England. in 1846 and was brought up to an outdoor life. He landed in Melbourne, Victoria, in January, 1863, and soon afterwards came to Otago, where he was at the Dunstan, Black's, the Woolshed, and other diggings, for about three years. He was engaged in lightering at Port Chalmers for about seven years and then removed to he Kakanui district, where he was in business as a storekeeper, butcher and farmer till 1883. In that year Mr. Adams removed to the Maere-whenuaa district, to take up a farm, and finding water going to waste, he also turned his attention to mining. He owns 630 acres of freehold, and 550 acres of leasehold land, on which he depastures about 800 sheep, besides cattle and horses. Mr. Adams served for a number of years on the local school committee, and has taken an interest in public matters, as a trustee of the Maere-whenua mining reserve, a member of the Miners' Association, and other local bodies. He was married, in 1872, to Miss Cant, of Essex, England, and has six daughters and four sons.
. Miner and Farmer, Maerewhenua Diggings. Mr. Adams was born in 1843. in Devonshire. England. and was brought up partly as a farmer and partly as a carpenter. He arrived at Ballarat, Victorin, in 1862, came to Otago in February, 1863, was on the Molyneaux at the Fourteen Mile Beach for two years, and then removed to Blackstone Hill, and was afterwards for three years in the Greymouth district. On returning to Otago Mr. Adams settled at Kakanui, and resides there for ten years, engaging in various occupations. In 1889 he removed to Maerewhenua. where he has followed mining and carried on farming. His claim, which is five acres in extent, is still being worked with satisfaction. and he farms 222 acres, ninety-four of which are held under an occupation lease. and 123 under a lease from Messrs Campbell and Co., of Otekaike station. Mr. Adams has served as a member of the Maerewhenua school committee, of which he has been secretary and treasurer for thirteen years. he is also secretary of the Maerewhenua Miners' Association, Since 1990 he has been a Justice of the Peace, and also acts aa officer-in-charge of the local Telephone Bureau. Mr. Adams was married, in 1871, to a daughter of Mr. James Muldrew, farmer, of Maheno, and hus had ten daughters and four sons, of whom one sou has died.
, Farmer and Miner, Pleasant Valley Farm, Maerewhenua, Diggings. Mr. Bailey was born in the county of Durham, England, in 1848, and accompanied his father to Victoria in 1860. Two years later the family removed to Otago. Mr. Bailey was at Gabriel's Gully, and afterwards at Blue Spur. Duntan, and Switzer's, and bad many exciting experiences in the rough times of the early diggings. He removed to Maerewhenua in 1872. and has since been engaged in mining and farming. Mr. Bailey owns a freehold of 174 acres, and a small grazing run of 357 acres. He took a prominent part in connection with the establishment of the school, and has served on the committee. He has erected a large public hall, which ia used for public functions. As a Freemason Mr. Bailey is attached to Lodge Ngapara. New Zealand Constitution. He was married, in 1869, to a daughter of Mr. Edward Beckett, of Maerewhenua. Mrs Bailey died in 1894, leaving three sons and two daughters.
, Miner. Maerewhenua Diggings. Mr. Bloomfield was born in Colchester. Essex, Ingland, in 1837, and “went to sea at the age of thirteen. About nine years later he landed in Victoria, and was for several years tit Sandridge. before coming to Otago in 1862. Mr. Bloomfield has always engaged in goldmining, and had experience at Hamilton's, Wakamarina, Hyde, Naseby. Macraes, Shag River, and Kyeburn, before setting at Maerewhenua in May. 1875. His homestead stands on an acre of ground, and he also holds six acres adjoining, under a goldfields title. Mr. Bloomfield has served as a member of the local school committee. He was married on the. 6th of May. 1874, to a daughter of the late Mr. William Luke May, sometime Armoury Sergeant in the Second Battalion of the. Coldstream Guards, and has had two sons and five daughters, hut one son him died. Mrs Bloomfield is a member of the Salvation Army.
. sometime of Maerewhenua Diggings, was born at West Kilbride, Ayrshire, Scotland, in 1814. He farmed Upper Ascog Farm. in the Isle of Bute, for twenty-five years, and during that time gained a silver medal for the best managed green crop on the island. Mr. simpson was also a competitor at ploughing matches, and in 1845 gained a silver medal from the Highland and Agricultural Society of Scotland. He served as a volunteer in the Scottish Yeomanry Cavalry. and was one of the Marquis of Waterford's retainers at the Eglinton tournament; the Earl of Eglinton's modern reproduction of the great jousting gala of the days of medieval chivalry. Mr. Simpson came to Port Chalmers by the ship “William Davie,” in 1864, and settled in the Oamaru district, where he engaged in general work for five years. He was afterwards cropping on the Elderslie estate, and in 1880 took up 160 acres at Maerewhenua, which he farmed, with 300 acres of leasehold, until his death in 1899. Mr. Simpson was married, in 1858, to a daughter of the late Mr. Daniel McIntyre, of the Isle of Bute. His wife and two sons survive him.
, A rich pastoral and agricultural district, is reputed to be one of the best wheat growing places in New Zealand. It is the terminal station of the Oamaru-Ngapara branch line of railway, is seventeen miles from Oamaru, and stands 430 feet above the sea. The settlement of Ngapara is in the Waiareka riding of the Waitaki county and in the Oamaru electorate, while that portion of the district known as the Tables is in the Awamoko riding of the same county. In March, 1901, the population of the township and Tables was 232. One mile nearer Oamaru there is a flag station named Queen's Flat, which has a population of twenty-five. The business of the postal and telegraph department is conducted at the local railway station. In addition to the industries of agriculture and stock raising, Ngapara has a fine modern flour mill, a coalmine from which very good lignite is delivered, and a creamery. It also has two hotels, a general store and bakery, and other places of business. There is a Presbyterian church and schoolroom, Athenaeum hall and library, and Masonic and Oddfellows' Lodges. Volunteering is represented by the Ngapara Defence Rifle Club. There is a police station in the village, and cattle yards, at which there are monthly sales. The climate of Ngapara. is known for its dry and bracing qualities.
, which was established in 1879. is conducted in wood and iron building containing public lobby, ladies' waiting room. and the station-master's office. There is a large goods shed attached. The post office has twelve private letter boxes, and a telephone bureau, and two mails are received and despatched on four days of the week.
, Stationmaster and Postmaster at Ngapara. is a son of the late Captain John Nicol. and was born in 1849. at Greenock, Scotland, where he was educated. He arrived in Port Chalmers with his father by the ship “Three Bells” in 1859, and attended school in Dunedin. Mr. Nicol had a few years' experience in bush farming on the Peninsula, before joining the Railway Department at Dunedin in 1876. Two. years later he was promoted to the position of stationmaster at Maheno. where he continued till 1887, when he was transferred to his present position at Ngapara. He is attached to the Ngapara Lodge of Freemasons. No. 68, New Zealand Contitution. Mr. Nicol was married, in 1874. to a daughter of the late Mr. John Tinnock, of the Peninsula. His wife died in 1896, leaving three sons and three daughters.
dates from 1877. The school building is of wood and iron and contains two class rooms and an entrance lobby. There is accommodation for 100 pupils; and the number of names on the roll is 103, with an average attendance of eighty-eight. Four acres of land are attached to the school, and there is a convenient playground with shelter shed, and a paddock, and a six-roomed residence for the teacher. The headmaster is assisted by an infant mistress.
, Headmaster of the Ngapara Public School, was born in 1870, at Outram, Otago. He was educated at Kaitangata and Stirling, and served a four years' pupil-teachership at the former school. After a year at the Normal Training College, Dunedin, Mr. Robertson studied for two years at the Otago University, graduated B.A., and was appointed to his present position in 1894. He is a member of the Ngapara Defence Rifle Club, of which he is secretary. Mr. Robertson was married, in 1897, to a daughter of Mr. Donald Borrie, of Papakaio.
occupies a fine site in the township is built of Oamaru stone, and was opened in June. 1896. It has seats for 200 worshippers, and services and held, alternately, every Sunday morning and evening, The Sunday school is well attended. The Rev. J. Standring, who resides at Enfield, is in charge of the district.
(Robert Miligan and Owen Bond), General Merchants and Flour Millers, Ngapara. This firm was established at Oamaru in 1891 by Mr. J. C. Milligan and Mr. Owen Bond. who were joined a year later by Mr. Robert Milligan. Early in 1902 the senior partner retired from the firm. The Ngapara branch of the business was opened by Mr. Bond in 1892, and the mill, which is a three-storey building of Oamaru stone, was erected in 1897. When opened its capacity was a sack and a half per hour, and this has been increased to its present output of five sacks per hour. Every year new machinery has been added, and there is now one of the most modern roller milling plants in the colony. The firm
, one of the founders of the firm of Milligan and Bond, was born in 1863 in Buckinghamshire, England. He was brought up to mercantile life, and in 1885 came to New Zealand by the s.s. “Ruapehu,” and settled in the Oamaru district. Five years later he joined Mr. James Milligan in founding the firm with which he has been closely identified ever since. Mr. Bond is a member of the Ngapara Defence Rifle Club. and is a chartered member of the Oamaru branch of the Protestant Alliance Friendly Society. He has held office as a member of the local school committee, and acts as superintendent of the Sunday school in connection with the Presbyterian church. Mr. Bond was married, in May. 1888, to a daughter of the late Mr. William Milligan, of Oamaru, and has three daughters and one son.
, Manager of the Ngapara Flour Mills, was born at Timaru. in 1866, and is the son of Mr. Philip Foster, an old Deal boatman. He learned the business of a miller at the Atlas Mills, where he was employed by the proprietors, Messrs Evans and Co., for thirteen years. During this period Mr. Foster rose to the position of second miller, and was entrusted with the task of preparing flour for the last Brisbane Exhibition, and also for the Dunedin Exhibition of 1890. and he was successful in securing a gold medal in each case. He was appointed to his present position in January, 1900. Mr. Foster has made a study of the latest methods of testing flour, in which he uses the most modern scientific instruments, and the flour passing through the mill under his care is daily submitted to a chemical test. Mr. Foster is a member of the Ngapara Defence Rifle Club. He was married, in 1896, to a daughter of the late Mr. Richard Peters, of Timaru.
, Chief Engineer at the Ngapara Flour Mills, was born in 1879, at Hokitika. He was educated in his native place and at Caversham. Dunedin. and learned engineering at the Mosgiel Woollen Factory. Mr. Anderson subsequently had experience in driving traction engines in various parts of Otago, and gained a second class driver's certificate. He was appointed to his present position at the Ngapara Flour Mills in 1898. Mr. Anderson is a member of the Ngapara Defence Rifle Club. He was married in August, 1896, to a daughter of Mr. George Joiner, a railway surfaceman, of the Oamaru district.
. Millowner, Ngapara. Mr. Watt was born in 1860. in Banffshire. Scotland. He came to Port Chalmers by the ship “Oamaru,” in 1878. Afterwards he settled in the Oamaru district, where he has remained ever since, and been engaged, more or less, in driving threshing machines. Mr. Watt was married, in 1889, to a daughter of the late Mr. John McKenzie, of Invernessshire. Scotland, and has one son and five daughters.
, Farrier, and General Black-smith, Ngapara. Mr. Kydd was born at New-castle-on-Tyne, England, on the 9th of September, 1860, and served part of his apprenticeship as a blacksmith in the Old Country. He came to Port Chalmers in 1879, by the ship “Dunedin,” and two years later removed to Maheno, where he resided for five years before establishing his business at Ngapara in 1886. The premises include a smithy and carpenter's shop, with a residence adjoining, and there is an acre and a half of freehold land attached. Mr. Kydd has also sixty acres of the Windsor Park estate, which he holds under a lease in perpetuity. He has been a member of the Ngapara school committee for a number of years, and was one of the founders of the Protestant Alliance Society at Ngapara, and at one time secretary. As a Freemason Mr. Kydd is attached to Lodge Ngapara, New Zealand Constitution, in which he has filled the Junior Warden's chair. He has served for two years as a volunteer in the North Otago Mounted Rifles. Mr. Kydd was married on the 1st of June, 1887, to a daughter of Mr. John Rankin, of Maheno, and has four sons and three daughters.
, Sadler and Harness Maker, Sail and Tarpaulin Manufacturer, Ngapara. Mr. Richardson was born in 1870. at Oamaru, where he was educated, and served a six years' apprenticeship. After that he had experience in many of the principal establishments in the colony before founding his business at Ngapara in 1895. The premises consist of a double-fronted shop with workrooms behind, and a well assorted Stock of saddlery and harness is maintained. Mr. Richardson has patented a horse-cover, said to be the first made without a tail strap. It is much used by owners of thoroughbreds. and the demand for it is so great that, in the first few months of 1903, over 300 covers were made and sent out to various parts of the colonuy Mr. Richardson served for a number of years as a volunteer in the Oamaru Navals, and he is a member of the Protestant Alliance Friendly Society at Oamaru. He was married, in 1893, to a daughter of the late Mr. William Anderson, decorator and painter, of Oamaru, and has four daughters and one son.
(George Sidney James. proprietor). Ngapara. Though this hotel is an old established one. the present building was only erected in 1895. It is of stone, two stories in height, and contains twenty-two rooms. including ten bedrooms, five “sitting-rooms, and a large and convenient dining-room. There is a stable at the back of the hotel, with five stalls and loose boxes.
, the Proprietor, was born at Addington. near Christchurch, and was apprenticed to the trade of a coppersmith, serving five years at the Addington workshops. He afterwards became manager of the Palmerston South Refreshment Rooms, and took over the Railway Hotel, at Ngapara, on the 13th of August. 1902. Mr. James is a member of the Order of Oddfellows, in Oamaru. He was married, in 1897, to a daughter of Mr. J. Hardy, of Christchurch, and has two daughters and one son.
, Farmer, Ngapara. Mr. Beck was born in 1868, at Tokomairiro, Otago, where he attended school and also gained his early experiences of country life. He was for some time subsequently in the North Island, and in May, 1902. he secured 230 acres of the Windsor Park estate. He holds his property under a lease in perpetuity. During his residence in the North Island Mr. Beck was a member of the Otaki Lodge of Druids. He was married in June, 1896, to a daughter of Mr. Thomas Lockerbie, of Winton, and has two daughters and one son.
, Ngapara. It was in 1889 that Mr. William Aitkin purchased this property, which contained 2700 acres and carried over 4500 sheep. A large portion of the land was devoted to grain growing, and in good seasons the average yield of wheat had been as high as forty-two bushels per acre. A large quantity of clover seed was annually harvested, and Mr. Aitkin was the first in the district to initiate this branch of farming. Leicester sheep and their crosses were grazed. and the lambs fattened were sold for the London market and found to be very remunerative. Mr. Robert Aitkin, who managed the estate, purchased a portion of Mr. John Borton's stud flock of Shropshire Downs, which eclipsed previous years' clips with an average of eight pounds and a quarter of wool per sheep. He was so satisfied with this return that he depastured 1000 purebred ewes, of which 150 were kept for stud purposes.
, formerly Proprietor of Gleniffer Estate, was a native of Paisley, Scotland, and came out in 1852 to Melbourne, where he engaged in commercial pursuits. He disposed of his business daring the land boom of 1889 and purchased the Gleniffer property. Subsquently he re-entered his old line of business in Sydney, in 1895, and left the management of the estate to his son, Mr. Robert Aitkin, J.P. Mr. W. Aitken died in 1902.
was born in Melbourne, where he was educated and passed his early years in his father's business. He arrived in New Zealand in 1889 to manage “Gleniffer,” and made himself very popular. Mr. Aitkin was president of the Ngapara Rifle Club. a member of the Ngapara Jockey Club, and an active member of the North Otago Agricultural and Pastoral Association. After the death of Mr. W. Aitkin, in 1902, “Gleniffer” was sold, and Mr. R. Aitkin went to reside in Sydney, New South Wales.
, Farmer. “Gleniffer,” Ngapara. Mr. Hall was born on the 10th of May. 1852, in Roxburghshire, Scotland, and came with his parents to Port Chalmers in the ship “Pladda” in 1881. He was brought up to country life at Papakaio, and in 1873 started crapping at Maerewhenua station, under Messrs Borton and McMaster. Afterwards, with a brother, he leased 500 acres and then a larger area of 1500 acres in the neighbourhood of Georgetown. This property was worked for about twenty-three years, and after a rest of three years, Mr. Hall purchased Gleniffer estate in May, 1902. The property consists of 992 acres of splendid land, and besides working this Mr. Hall is a millowner, having worked threshing and chaff cutting machinery for a quarter of a century. He has won prizes in ploughing matches held at Tokarahi. Maerewhenua. Papakaio, Hampden, and Geraldine; and after five years' competition, extending from the 7th of October. 1886, to the 11th of September, 1890, he gained a silver cup. Mr. Hall has also been an importer of Clydesdale stud horses. He was married, in 1886, to a daughter of Mr. James Robbie, Pukeuri, near Oamaru, and has three sons and four daughters.
, “Rocklea,” Ngapara. Messrs Little Bros., the well-known Border Leicester breeders, established their flock in 1877, by the purchase of two rams and six ewe lambs from the flock of Messrs Gillies and Street, for whom their father was manager at the time. This small flock of young and well-selected sheep became, in careful and experienced hands, the foundation of wel-deserved success. When exhibiting at different shows, in 1896, Messrs Little won, in good company, six championships, sixteen first, seven second, and four third prizes.
, J.P., the Senior Partner, has always taken an active part in local affairs. He has been a member of the North Otago Agricultural and Pastoral Association for many years, and was for one term its president. Mr. Little has been a member of the school committee for eighteen years, and several times its chairman. He has also taken an active part in athletic sports, at
, the property of Mr. Alexander Balfour, situated on the south bank of the Awamoko river, contains 635 acres, and was purchased in 1875 in its unimproved state. The homestead is situated on a terrace overlooking the Awamoko valley, and is surrounded by a plantation of useful and ornamental trees. The land is devoted to grain-growing, and the rearing and fattening of stock, for which it is admirably adapted.
, the proprietor of Mansfield Park, was born in 1838, at Doune, South Perthshire, Scotland, where he was educated, and passed his early years on his father's farm. He emigrated to the Colony, in 1862, in the ship “Robert Henderson,” and engaged for a short time in farming pursuits, He then tried the diggings for a few months, but returned to the plough, taking up contracts successfully in company with his brother. Mr. Balfour is an enthusiasticbreeder of Clydesdale horses, among which may be mentioned “Lord Haddo,” winner of many championships, and “Bonnie Jean,” winner of three championships. Mr. Balfour has also gained a great number of first, second, and third prizes. He was married in 1876 to Margaret, relict of the late Mr. William Crawford. and daughter of the late Mr. Thomas Stuart, farmer, ballieward, Strathspey, Scotland.
, farmer Ngapara. Mr. Milligan was born in 1863, at the Taieri Beach Otago, and was brought by his parents to the Oamaru district, when he was six months old. He attended school at Oamaru, and was brought up to mercantile life. With Mr. Owen Bond he subsequently founded the well known milling and mercantile firm of Milligan and Bond in which he continued as senior partner till May, 1902, when he retired to take up farming. Mr. Milligan served as a member of the Ngapara school committee, for three years. has been treasurer of the Ngapara Hall Committee, and served as a member of the committee of the North Otago Acclimatisation Society, for ten years. He has also been a member of the Ngapara Defence Rifle Club since its foundation Mr. Milligan finds recreation in dear-stalking and fishing, and he is interested in amateur photography, and has taken many interesting views in the district. He was married, in 1897, to a daughter of Mr. Robert Jackson, of Rockvale, Weston.
, Farmer, Ngapara. Mr. Miller was born at Wick, Scotland, in 1855, and came to Dunedin by by the s.s. “Arawa” in 1886. He settled in the Oamaru district, and, in partnership with his brother James, was cropping on Mr. Gilchrist's property for about ten years. In 1902 Mr. Miller purchased 218 acres in the Ngapara district. He holds his land under lease in perpetuity, and works it as a mixed farm.
, Farmer, “Fern Cliff,” Ngapara. Mr. McCulloch was born in 1857, in Wigtownshire, Scotland, and arrived at Port Chalmers by the ship “William Davie,” in 1889. He found employment for three years at Shag Valley before settling in the Oamaru district in 1875. In 1880 he commenced cropping and contracting, and ten years later leased “Fern Cliff,” a property of 453 acres, which he purchased after seven years, and now carries on mixed farming. The part of the residence used as a kitchen was at one time a shepherd's hut, and is said to have been the first house built in the Ngapara district. Mr. McCulloch has served on the Ngapara school committee, of which he has been chairman for seven years; and as a Freemason he is attached to Lodge Ngapara. No. 68, New Zealand Constitution. He was married, in 1887, to a daughter of Mr.
(Thomas Paterson and Andrew Paterson). Farmers, Eskdale Farm, Ngapara. Eskdale Farm consists of 996 acres of freehold land, which is worked as a mixed farm.
, J.P., the Senior Partner, was born in Ross-shire, Scotland, in 1852, and was brought to Port Chalmers by his parents in the ship “Alpine” in 1859. He attended school in the Inch-clutha district, where he gained his first experience of country life. and for fourteen years was farming with his brother at Wangaloa, near Kaitangata. The partners, however, sold out their interest in 1878, and purchased their present estate at Ngapara. Mr. Paterson served on the Ngapara school committee for about twenty years. and for five years was a member of the Waiareka Road Board. As a Freemason he is a Past Master of Lodge Ngapara, No. 63, New Zealand Constitution.
, the Junior Partner, was born in Ross-shire, Scotland, in 1854, and has had experiences similar to those of his brother.
, Farmer, “Te Rangi Pai,” Queen's Flat, Ngapara. This estate consists of 400 acres of freehold land, and is worked as a mixed farm under the management of the owner's eldest son.
, Manager of “Te Rangi Pai,” was born in Christchurch in 1880, and attended
. Farmer. Queen's Flat Homestead, Ngapara. Mr. Watson is a son of the late Mr. W. M. Watson, of Upper Riccarton, where he was born in 1863. In 1890 he commenced farming at Prebbleton with his brother Frederick, and two years later took up his father's farm at Riccarton, which he worked for about ten years. In 1900 Mr. Watson bought “Queen's Flat,” consisting of 337 acres of freehold land, which he devotes to agriculture and sheep-farming. He crops about 120 acres annually. and in the season of 1903 obtained sixty and eighty bushels, respectively, of wheat and oats to the acre. While at Riccarton. Mr. Watson served on the local school committee; he has also been a member of the Ngapara school committee, and is a member of the Ngapara Defence Rifle Club. He was married, in 1888, to a daughter of Mr. J. J. Herrick, of Tai Tapu, Canterbury, and has four sons and two daughters.
, Farmer and Butcher, Ngapara. Mr. Webber was born on the 21st of June, 1851, in Devonshire, England, and was educated at the Silverton Grammar School. His father was a farmer and threshing and sawmill owner, so that Mr. Webber gained experience of that kind of work at an early age. He arrived at Port Chalmers by the ship “Calypso,” in 1879, and soon afterwards settled in the Ngapara district, where he bought an interest in a threshing mill. He subsequently sold out, and bought forty-six acres of freehold adjoining the township; on this property his residence and shop have been erected. Mr. Webber works his land as a dairy farm and milks about twenty-four cows, and since 1899 he has also carried on business as a butcher. He has served for a number of years on the local school committee, is a Past Master of the Ngapara Lodge of Freemasons, No. 68, New Zealand Constitution, and has occupied the chief chair in the Order of Oddfellows at Ngapara. Mr. Webber's volunteer experience commenced in the Old Country in the First Royal Devonshire Yeomanry, under Captain Buller. a brother of the general whose name is so well known in connection with the South African war. Mr. Webber was married in 1887, to a daughter of the late Mr. James Lindsay, of Weston, and has three sons and four daughters.
, Farmer. Nottingham Farm, Ngapara. Mr. Westlake was born in the parish of Beerferris, Devonshire, England, in 1841. He was brought up to country life by his father, who was a farmer, and came out to Port Chalmers by the ship “Black Swan” in 1862. He had about two years' experience in goldmining at the Dunstan and Shotover, and he was afterwards for a time in the Teieri and settled in the Oamaru district in 1887. Shortly afterwards he purchased land from the Government on the Papakaio Plain, where he farmed for thirteen years; and about 1880 acquired Nottingham Farm, which consists of 533 acres of freehold land, pleasantly situated in the Awamoko valley, where his comfortable homestead nestles among the trees. In the early days Mr. Westlake served as a member of the Weymouth Road Board, and was afterwards a member of the subdivision of the Waitaki Road Board. He was married in 1866, to Miss Cleary, of Dunedin. Mrs Westlake died in 1893, leaving one son and two daughters.
, who was well known in the early days of the colony as the master of coastal vessels, was a Scotchman by birth, and went to sea at an early age. He sailed to China in the s.s. “Sobraon,” the first steamer to visit that part of the world. Captain Nicol brought out the s.s. “Ladybird,” the first steamer which came to the colonies, and also the brig “Gil Blas,' in which he afterwards came over to prospect the coast of New Zealand. The “Gil Blas” was chartered by the Government as a mail boat between Australia and New Zealand; and, on the opening of the first Parliament in Auckland, was employed to collect the members from the various ports of the colony. Captain Nicol died in 1877, at Caversham, Dunedin, at the age of seventy-two.
, the chief town and port of North Otago, is prettily situated at the foot and on the gently rising side of a low ridge, which forms almost a semicircle, that terminates seaward in Cape Wanbrow, and branches out land ward into terraces of rich agricultural land, now divided into thriving and well kept farms. The town is scattered over the flat and along the amphitheatre formed by the curving ridge, and has an attractive appearance when viewed from a steamer's deck as it approaches the harbour, which is well protected from the south and south-west winds, or seas, by Cape Wanbrow and the range of low hills. Art has assisted in making the harbour secure by a magnificent breakwater, 36 feet wide and 1850 feet in length, built with large concrete blocks, which, with a rubble mole at right angles, 1616 feet long, encloses an area of nearly sixty acres of water. The harbour is usually as smooth and secure as a dock, the entrance being 600 feet wide, with a depth of 18 feet at low tide, and 25 feet at high spring tides. Ample wharfage is provided, with steam cranes for loading or discharging, and a branch railway is connected with the main line. There are lights at night on the breakwater and on the hill to the south of it. The port is forty-three miles north-northeast from Tainroa Head, but as the configuration of the country would not admit of a railway being constructed in a straight line, curves increase the distance of Oamaru from Dunedin by rail to seventy-eight miles. From Christchurch, Oamaru is 152 miles distant.
Up to 1853 Oamaru-for these particulars, concerning early Oamaru the Editor is indebted to an interesting article contributed by Mr. W. H. S. Roberts, to the “Canterbury Times” of the 29th of April, 1897—was in a state
The original sheep run, which included the site of Oamaru, changed owners three times before the town was surveyed. Mr. W. H. Valpy bought it in 1855, and sold it to Messrs Filleul Brothers in 1857. They in turn parted with it, in 1859, to Mr. James Lloyd Hasell, who was ousted by the Provincial Government proclaiming the locality a “hundred” on the 30th of November, 1860. The surveyors had laid off three blocks of the township in 1859, and the first sale of town sections was held on the 26th of May, of that year, when seventeen sections were sold at an average price of £17 2s 4d per quarter acre, the highest price realised for a section being £27 10s. Business enterprise had not waited for proclamations and surveyors, for during 1858 a store had been built for Mr. Charles Traill. This energetic pioneer, who was born in Orkney in the year 1826. arrived in Oamaru in 1856, and resided for a while with Mr. Filleul, at Papakaio. He then erected a small hut of cabbage trees and mud on what is now Tees Street, close to the Australian Mutual Provident Insurance office, and started the store, which, in 1859, became a large mercantile concern under the style of Traill, Roxby and Co. Mr. Traill sold out of the business in November, 1866, and went to live at Ulva, on Stewart Island, where he died on the 26th of November, 1891. At the time of his death a writer in one of the Southland papers wrote about Mr. Traill's stern sense of duty and pluck, mentioning that once he went to Timaru for a boat, and not being able to get anyone to face the task with him, brought the boat to Oamaru by himself with only a blue blanket for a sail. His partner, Eustace Wriothesley Roxby, was an English gentleman. He came to Oamaru in 1859, and put his money into Mr. Traill's venture, and the new firm was thus enabled to import its merchandise direct from the Old Country to Dunedin. In 1864 they arranged for a cargo to come direct to Oamaru, and it arrived safely in the “Gazehound.” Having discharged cargo, she took in loading for London, and had stowed 638 bales of wool on board, when a severe gale which lasted many days, and was accompanied by tempestuous seas, caused her to part her cables on the 13th of March, 1865, and drove her on shore, where she became a total wreck. Mr. Roxby was one of the first municipal councillors elected in 1866; he was appointed Town Clerk on the 1st of October, 1870, and retained the office till the 7th of November, 1887, when he retired. He died on the 17th of December, 1891, in his fifty-eighth year. The opening of Mr. Traill's store was a great boon to the district, and encouraged people to settle in the embryo town.
It soon became necessary to have more rapid communication with Dunedin than could be obtained by means of the “Star.” This was represented to Mr. John Jones, the pioneer merchant of Dunedin, and in 1859 he purchased the little paddle steamer “Geelong,” of forty-five horse-power and 108 tons register, and obtained a subsidy of £1950 a year from the Provincial Government on condition that his vessel called once a month at Oamaru and all ports between there and Invercargill. From that date Omaru rushed ahead by “leaps and bounds,” and developed during the period of financial inflation till it became over built. The only check it received was in July, 1861, consequent on the news of the great gold find at Tuapeka by Gabriel Read, and the rush which supervened for a while nearly depopulated the young town.
One of the first steps towards civilisation was taken in 1857, when an overland mail was instituted by the Otago Provincial Government. Oamaru was of so little importance then that the terminus was at Papakaio (Mr. Filleul's station being about ten miles further on), and until the end of 1859 there was not even a post office at Oamaru. Then Mr. Henry France, having opened a store, was appointed postmaster. There was no Justice of the Peace in North Otago till 1857, when Mr. H. C. Hertslet was appointed. The first shipment of stock direct to Oamaru consisted of 708 sheep for Messrs Filleul Brothers. They arrived on the 28th of April, 1859, in the brigantine “Comet,” and were all safely landed in boats, in the absence of harbour facilities, and nowithtstanding the surf on the beach, through which they rushed in good follow-the-leader style, as scon as the boats grounded. On the 12th of October, 1860. a small schooner, the “Oamaru Lass,” was driven on shore but was floated off without much injury; and Captain Dwight, thinking the name unlucky, re-christened her “Norah.” The town then comprised thirty-six buildings, of all descriptions.
In 1861, the population had increased and the number of buildings had been augmented till they constituted a fairsized
In 1866 the Board gave way to the Municipal Council, for Oamaru was declared a borough on the 3rd of April of that year. The first Mayor, Mr. John Campbell Gilchrist, was elected on the 21st of July, 1866. He was one of the very early settlers.
In July, 1867, another early colonist, Mr. Samuel Gibbs, was elected the second Mayor of Oamaru, and was reelected in 1868–1869–1879, and 1880. Mr. James Udall, a merchant, was elected in 1870 and 1871; Dr. J. S. Wait in 1872 and 1873. Mr. Samuel Edward Shrimski in 1874, and Mr. George Sumpter in 1875. Mr. Sumpter was also one of the members of the Harbour Board from its constitution in 1874, and was chairman of the Board from 1877 to 1891. In 1876 Mr. W. J. Steward (now Sir William) was elected Mayor, and it was during his administration of three years that the town's water supply was inaugurated. The scheme of Mr. D. A. McLeod, C.E., was adopted, and he was appointed engineer at £1000 a year. The total length of the race is twenty-six miles thirty-five chains from the intake to the reservoir; the ground, with the exception of a few miles, is hilly. It is an open race 2 fect 6 inches wide at the bottom, having an average depth of 4 feet, and a width of 9 feet at the surface. The general fall is 1 in 3960, except for a few miles from the intake, where it is about 18 feet to the mile. Where the gullies were not long the race was formed round them and back to the face of the spur, but where the detour would have been too great the water was carried over the gully in fluming. There are six large aqueducts; the longest is 600 feet long, the highest trestle having an altitude of 87 feet. There are five tunnels aggregating 138 chains. The reservoir covers an area of fifteen acres, calculated to contain £1,000,000 gallons, the floor being 235 feet above high water mark. Thus sufficient presure is obtained to raise the water to any part of the town. In 1876 the borough loans amounted to only £35,000, but in March, 1878, the first waterworks loan of £60,000 was raised in London. It was readily taken up, and realised a gross sum of £62,152; but
The liabilities of the borough are heavy, but the rateable value of the town is only £31,809, and the rates are not so high as is generally supposed. They are only 2s 9d in the £, with a water rate added on a sliding scale, averaging about 1s 1d in the £, and making the total 3s 11d. The advantages of the water supply are so great that it is hardly fair to call the charge made for it a rate. The harbour rate is in addition to the borough rate.
Oamaru is the concentrating point of four railway lines and has direct communication with Dunedin, Christchurch, Kurow, and Tokarahi, of course including all intermediate stations. The line to Christchurch was opened for traffic on the 1st of February, 1877, and to Dunedin on the 6th of September, 1878. Unfortunately, the railway to Dunedin has, under a differential tariff, carried the produce of the district away, and assisted to take the trade and shipping to other ports, and thus Oamaru has lost the profits as well as the credit of a large proportion of her exports. However, since the Government adopted the policy of acquiring large estates in North Otago, and granting leases in perpetuity, to induce closer settlement, there has been a rapid increase in the rural population, which has largely tended to increase the prosperity of the town. Oamaru serves as a market town for some of the settlements of South Canterbury, in addition to North Otago. At the census of 1961 the borough had a population of 4836—now (1904) increased to about 5200—exclusive of the suburbs of Newborough on the north, Waiareka on the west, and South Oamaru to the south, which, amongst them, have fully 1000 inhabitants.
Oamaru is notable for its remarkably fine, dry, and bracing climate, and if there is fine weather about anywhere, it is abundantly enjoyed at Oamaru. The streets of the borough are nearly all named after British rivers. Thames Street is a notable thoroughfare, flanked on the east side by banks and retail business places and shops. On the western side are the Corporation offices, the post office, the Athenæum, gaol, police station, courthouse, offices of the Waitaki County Council, and business premises and residences. The railway, in its course through the borough, crosses Thames and Severn Streets, and skirts the beautiful public gardens through which flows the Oamaru creek. The local governing bodies include the Oamaru Borough Council, Harbour Board, and Waitaki County Council, besides the Committees of the Hospital and the Benevolent Institution. There are two Presbyterian churches, one Anglican, Roman Catholic, Wesleyan, and Baptist, a Salvation Army corps, and a Church of Christ. The prominent buildings include the Roman Catholic Basilica and convent, St. Paul's Presbyterian Church, Columba Presbyterian Church, Meek's Elevator, the Bank of New Zealand, National Bank, and Bank of New South Wales, the Athenæum, and Girls' High School. There is abundant accommodation at the numerous hotels and boardinghouses for visitors and travellers. Oamaru numbers amongst its local industries three flour mills, the largest of which is the Crown Roller Mills, the New Zealand Refrigerating Works, the Oamaru Woollen Mills, and two sawmills. The schools include the Waitaki Boys' High School, the Girls' High School—the former of which is in the suburb of Eveline — three large public schools, and the Roman Catholic convent seminary, and primary school. Many of the wholesale places of business and solicitors' offices are situated in Tyne Street. A notable landmark of the early days stands at the top of Severn Street in the tall dismantled windmill tower, which has not been in use during the last quarter of a century, but remains a monument to pioneer enterprise, and a testimony to the quickness with which some industrial methods are superseded by others in a progressive colony. It should be mentioned that the Farmers' Co-operative Association is one of the most important of Oamaru's modern institutions.
, Minister of Lands and Agriculture, and Commissioner of Forests, has represented the Oamaru district in the House of Representatives since the general election of 1890, and was previously member of the House for the Waitaki electorate for nine years. He was born in County Tyrone, Ireland, in 1836, and educated at the local National school. Mr. Duncan was brought up to farming, and arrived in 1858, in Victoria, where be followed goldmining for four years, when he came to Otago, and went to the Dunstan “rush.” In 1864 Mr. Duncan purchased 105 acres of land at Pukeuri, where he has since resided, though he has acquired an additional 500 acres elsewhere. Mr. Duncan has long taken an interest in public affairs, having been a member of the first local school committee, and of one of the first road boards in the county; also a member of the Waitaki County Council and the Oamaru Harbour Board. He was first returned to the House of Representatives in 1881, at the same time as the late Sir John McKenzie, and has consistently worked in the interests of the Liberal Government. Mr. Duncan has long been a member of the committee of the North Otago Agricultural and Pastoral Association. He married a daughter of Mr. J. Begg, of Ballater, near Balmoral, Scotland, and has three daughters and one son.
. Oamaru was proclaimed a borough of four wards (afterwards amalgamated), on petition of the residents, on the 3rd of April, 1866, Prior to that date the local governing body was a town board, which had jurisdiction for about three years. Up to 1876, a stream flowing through the town was utilised a source of the water supply; but as this became inadequate, steps were taken to obtain a high pressure service. To this end the ratepayers agreed to a water works scheme, for tapping the celebrated Waitaki river about twenty miles north-west of the town. To carry out the scheme, a large stream, which affords an ample and neverfailing supply for domestic use and motive power for manufacturing purposes, was brought by a water race into a reservoir 372 feet above the level of the town, close to it, and giving a pressure equal to 110 pounds per square inch. The difficulties in connection with the construction of the water-race were very considerable, as it has to cross very wide and deep ravines, in aqueducts, which are in some cases 480 feet in length, and supported upon pillars or trestles varying in height from ninety feet upwards. The total cost of the works was about £140,000. The powerful water supply thus secured is of great service to the volunteer Fire Brigade, and danger from fire is consequently reduced to a minimum. The Borough Council has the control and management of the Public Gardens, which are specially described in another article. The annual ratable value of properties within the borough is £31,809, on which rates to the extent of 2s 9d in the pound are levied. The Corporation also owns the local gas works, which were originally the property of a company, and were acquired by the borough at
, who has been a member of the Oamaru Borough Council since 1885, was born in Kinross-shire, Scotland, in 1837. After being educated at the local parish school, he was brought up up as a wool spinner, and arrived at Port Chalmersin 1859, in the ship “Mariner.” Mr. Brown was for twenty years a storekeeper in Rattray Street, Dunedin, and visited his native land in 1878. Two years later, he returned to the Colony, and settled near Oamaru, where he acquired a farm. After three years Mr. Brown became the purchaser of the Star and Garter Hotel, which he conducted for twelve years. He is now in business as a cycle engineer. During his residence in Dunedin, Mr. Brown was, for six years, a member of the Dunedin City Council. As a Mason he was initiated in Lodge Otago Kilwinning, and is now attached to the Oamaru Kilwinning, N.Z.C., of which he has been secretary since 1886. He is Grand Superintendent of Otago, and Past Grand Principal in the Supreme Chapter of New Zealand. In 1870 Mr. Brown married the daughter of the late Mr. Charles Glover, of Birmingham, and his family consists of eight sons and one daughter.
, who has served on the Oamaru Borough Council since 1901, was born in county Tyrone, Ireland, in 1855. He landed at Port Chalmers by the ship “Invercargill” in 1879. Mr. Clarke is manager of a co-operative store.
, who holds a seat as member of the Oamaru Borough Council, is referred to in another article as a manufacturer of varnishes.
is referred to in another article as Lieutenant-Colonel in command of the Third Battalion of the Otago Rifles.
was born in 1858, in Armagh, Ireland. He came by the ship “Invercargill” to Port Chalmers in 1876, and settled in the Oamaru district.
, of the Oamaru Borough Council, has been in business for some years as a photographer, and is senior partner of the firm of Mahan and Muir. He is further referred to in connection with his firm, and as a volunteer officer.
, who is a member of the Oamaru Borough Council, was born in Oamaru in 1889. He was brought up to the bicycle business, and is junior partner of the firm of Miller Bros., cycle engineers.
was returned as a member of the Oamaru Borough Council in 1900. He served eleven years in the Railway Department, and left to join the firm of Milligan and Bond in 1893. Mr. Milligan was married, in 1900, to a daughter of Mr. Eyre Evans, of Oamaru.
, who is a member of the Oamaru Borough Council, has been known for some years in connection with the boot trade of Oamaru.
, who has held a seat in the Oamaru Borough Council since 1898, is an Irishman by birth. He came to Port Chalmers by the ship “Wellington,” in 1878, and has been a coal merchant in Oamaru since 1880.
, who is a member of the Oamaru Borough Council, and was Mayor in the year 1891–1895, was born in Lanarkshire, Scotland, in 1831, and came to Port Chalmers in 1879 by the ship “Oamaru.” He has been in business in Oamaru since 1830.
, Town Clerk and Treasurer of the Borough of Oamaru, is a native of Dublin, Ireland, where he was educated and brought up to commercial life. He came to Dunedin by the ship “Euterpe,” in 1878, settled in Oamaru, and was appointed to his present position in 1888. He has long been connected with the Wesleyan Church, and has for a number of years been superintendent of the Sunday school.
, Engineer to the Oamaru Borough Council, was born in 1842 in Ripponden, Yorkshire, England, and was educated at the Wesleyan school, Sowerby Bridge. He became a factory lad at the age of eight years, and when but fourteen years old was apprenticed to a plumber and glazier, with whom he served six years. Mr. Crawshaw worked at his trade in England till 1879, and was for the last ten years in business on his own account at Batley, in Yorkshire. He arrived at Port Chalmers, in the ship “Taranaki,” in 1879, settled in Oamaru in January, 1880, and was appointed waterworks inspector to the borough in July, 1880, and in August, 1890, he had added to his duties those of borough engineer. Mr. Crawshaw was a member of the North School Committee for some years, and has been well-known also in connection with the Wesleyan Church in Oamaru. He was married in 1863 to a daughter of the late Mr. W. Dennison, of Liverpool; but that lady died in 1865, leaving a son and a daughter, the latter of whom has since died. In 1873 he contracted a second marriage with a daughter of the late Mr. G. Scatcherd, of Batley, Yorkshire, and has had by this marriage six sons and one daughter.
, which has a station at the back of the municipal offices, was established in 1879. Its plant consists of two reels and a carriage which contains a spare hydrant, ladders, etc. No horses are kept in connection with the station, but a fee of £1 is paid for the horse which first arrives at the outbreak of a fire during the night, and 7s. 6d. during the daytime. The membership of the brigade numbers fifteen, including officers.
, Captain of the Oamaru Fire Brigade, is referred to elsewhere as chairman of the Oamaru Hospital Board.
have an area of twenty-three acres, and front Severn, Chelmer, and Isis Streets, and Cross Lane, the principal entrance being from Severn Street. Up till 1889 little attempt had been made to utilise the land, except in connection with
, who was Mayor of Oamaru for four consecutive years, and had been for the previous two years a member of the Council, was born in 1840, in the Shetland Islands, where he was educated and brought up to the building trade. He arrived in Dunedin in 1860, by the ship “Lady Egidia,” and settled in Oamaru three years later. For about five years he was engaged with Messrs Young and Dalgety, and in 1868 he established himself as a timber merchant and commission agent. He conducted a large and successful business in both lines till about 1883, but after a time he confined himself to the shipping trade, and was the Union Steam Ship Company's representative at Oamaru. By virtue of his office as mayor, Mr. Aitken was a member of the Harbour Board, and was at one time chairman of that body. He was a member of the Board of Governors of the Waitaki High Schools, and of the Oamaru Caledonian Society, and as a Freemason under the Scottish Constitution he had passed all the chairs. Mr. Aitken, who was married, in 1863, to a daughter of the late Mr. W. Williamson, of Shetland, died on the 18th of March, 1899, leaving a widow and one son.
, who was Mayor of Oamaru for five years, from 1888 to 1893, was born at Kilsyth, near Glasgow, in 1840. He has been an Otago settler since early in 1863, and has long been in business as a butcher in Oamaru. Besides his services to the ratepayers of the borough, he has occupied the position of vice-chairman of the Harbour Board, and has been a member of the Waitaki High Schools Board.
, J.P., who was the first Mayor of the Borough of Oamaru, was born in Argyleshire, Scotland, in 1830. He was educated at the Normal School, Glasgow, and became a teacher in Scotland, and after serving about a year, came out to Victoria in 1853. Mr. Gilchrist settled at Oamaru in 1860, and has since then engaged in agricultural and pastoral pursuits. He resides at Brookfield, Waiareka, where he has 300 acres of land. His sheep station, which is known as “Rosebery,” consists of from 5000 to 6000 acres. Mr. Gilchrist is also owner of land in Tyne and Itchen Streets, Oamaru. In the early days Mr. Gilchrist was connected with the Kakanui Road Board, of which he was chairman, until it was merged into the Waitaki County Council, and for a number of years he served as a member of the Harbour Board. He was married in 1862 to a daughter of the late Mr. Taylor, of Edinburgh, and has, surviving, two sons and three daughters.
, who was for several years in Member of the Oamaru Borough Council, has long been prominently known as a leading merchant in the town. He was born in 1843, at Dalkeith, Midlothian, Scotland, where he was brought up to the grccery business. Mr. Bee landed, from the ship “Arima,” at Port Chalmers in March, 1863, and obtained employment as a counterman in Dunedin. A year later he removed to Oamaru, and worked for twelve months in connection with the business, which he has since so long conducted. Smitten with the gold fever, he went overland to the West Coast “rush” and after two years' experience returned to Oamaru to join his brother, the late Mr. James Bee, in business under the style of J. and W. Bee. Particulars of the large business now conducted by Mr. Bee are given in another part of this work. Mr. Bee has taken a deep interest in the Oamaru Caledonian Society, with which he has been connected for thirty-five years, during which he has not been absent from one of the annual gatherings, and has filled every office in the institution. He is a steward of the North Otago Jockey Club, and has held office as vice-president, and is also a trustee of the Oamaru racecourse. As a Freemason Mr. Bee was initiated in Lodge Oamaru Kilwinning,
, who was a Member of the Oamaru Borough Council in 1879, was born at Tenby, Pembrokeshire, Wales, on the 16th of October, 1834. He comes of a Worcestershire family, and was educated at the Palace school, Enfield, near London. His father was an officer in the Honourable East India Company's Service and owned freehold property in Wales and Worcestershire. Mr. Roberts was originally intended for the profession of medicine, but studied as a book-keeper and land surveyor. He, however, left for New Zealand before becoming licensed, and arrived in Nelson, by the barque “John Phillips,” on the 6th of May, 1855. In the following year Mr. Roberts travelled overland from Nelson to Invercargill and became a squatter in Southland, but lost his cattle run in 1857 through the “Land and Lease Ordinance, 1856.” Two years later he bought a run at Pomahaka, near Tapanui, and named it “Ardmore,” but lost that also in 1871, when the land was opened for sale by the Government. On this last occasion his loss amounted to something like £30,000. Mr. Roberts then purchased a farm at Waipani, where he remained from 1872 to 1878. In December of the latter year, he settled in Oamaru and subsequently purchased three acres of land at Meadowbank, where he built his beautiful residence named “Marapua.” Mr. Roberts held the Commission of Justice of the Peace for twenty one years, and was for a short time engaged as a commission agent, auctioneer, and valuator in Oamaru. He was for six years a member of the Anglican Synod, and frequently officiated as Lay Reader is Oamaru and elsewhere. In addition to serving on the Borough Council, he was also a member of the Hospital Committee. He was initiated as a Freemason in Lodge Otago, 844, E.C., and became a Master Mason in June, 1866, and was exalted as Companion of the Kilwinning Royal Arch Chapter on the 23rd of January, 1871. Mr. Roberts is well known as a literary man, and has written a “History of Oamaru and North Otago,” from 1853 to 1889. It is an interesting volume of over 500 pages, particularly useful as a book of reference, and was published by Mr. A. Fraser, of Oamaru, in 1890. In 1895, Mr. Roberts published “Southland in 1856–1857, with a Journey from Nelson to Southland in 1856.” He was married in October, 1867, to the only daughter of Captain P. Williams, of Dunedin, and of a family of ten children, has, surviving, one daughter and five sons.
was for several years a Member of the Oamaru Borough Council, as representative of Severn Ward, and has also taken an interest in educational matters, as a member of the local school committees. Mr. Spence was born in 1830, in London, where he was educated, and served his apprenticeship as a builder. He was attracted to the Victorian goldfields, in 1854, and was at Maryborough, Clunes Flat, Back Creek, Beech worth, McIvor, and Fiery Creek, where he was successively engaged actively in mining, or in carrying on his business as a builder till 1862, when he arrived in Port Chalmers, where he was in business for two years. Subsequently Mr. Spence was farming for two years at Blueskin, and began business as a builder in Oamaru in 1868. He was afterwards senior partner in the firm of Spence and Grave, general merchants and shipowners. Among the vessels owned by the firm was the “Wave,” which ran in the coal trade from Newcastle; the firm was also part owner of the “Nil Desperandum,” trading to China. Having secured the interest in the flaxmill owned by Mr. John Hunt, the firm altered the mill into what is now known as the Phoenix Flour Mill, and afterwards owned by G. Bruce and Co. Mr. Spence sold his interest in the firm to Mr. McIntosh, and went into the milling trade under the style of Spence and Hay. This new firm built the first stone mill in Oamaru, now owned and worked by Messrs Ireland and Co. For many years afterwards Mr. Spence was a partner in the firm of Spence and Bee, from which he retired in 1884. He subsequently went into sheepfarming, from which he retired in 1897. Mr. Spence has taken an interest in local societies, and was director of the first Oamaru
. This Board was originally established in 1869 under the name of the Oamaru Dock Trust, and took its present title under an ordinance of 1874. The board consists of fourteen members, five of whom are representative, five elective, and, four nominated. Members for 1904: Messrs J. S. Holmes (chairman), W. W. Wylie, D. Borrie, John Reid, Alfred Avery, W. H. Rose, Joseph Williams, James Craig, J. M. Brown (Mayor of Oamaru), J. L. Allan, R. W. Monson, George Brownlee, David Ross and J. G. Nicholls. The board's chief officers are Mr. Thomas Forrester (secretary), and Capt. James Ramsay (harbour matter). The first chairman of the board was the Hon. H. J. Miller (now Sir Henry Miller), who held office until 1876, when he was succeeded by Mr. George Sumpter, who filled the position till 1890, when Mr. J. H. Barr was appointed; and the present chairman, Mr. J. S. Holmes, has held the position since 1895. The harbour works comiit of a concrete breakwater, 1850 feet in length, and a rubble wall of 1750 feet, and these shelter the wharves, the names and lengths of which are as follows: Macandrew wharf, 400 feet; Normanby wharf, 510 feet; Sumpter wharf. 670 feet; and Cross wharf, 300 feet. The total length of the wharves is 1880 feet. The whole area in front of the wharves has been dredged, and basins on each side of the Sumpter wharf have been excavated to give accommodation to the large meat freezing vessels. As there are no large rivers to the south of the breakwater, the work of keeping the entrance clear is insignificant, and the small amount of unavoidable silting is from time to time removed at comparatively little expense by means of a dredge. During the progress of the works, about sixteen acres of land have been reclaimed from the foreshore. Two portions of this area have been let, and from these and from adjacent land originally granted as an endowment, the Board receives rentals amounting to £1000 a year. The construction of the breakwater was commenced in 1871, in accordance with designs furnished by Mr. John McGregor, C.E., of Dunedin, and was completed in 1885, at a cost of £182,000. The wharves and approaches cost about £42,000, the north mole and reclamation about £30,500, and with the outlay on the dredge, dredging, engineering, and minor expenses, there has been a total expenditure of over £300,000. An idea of the progress made by the port may be gathered from a comparison of the vessels entered outwards for the years 1870 and 1902. The tonnage for the first-named year was 31,279, and for the latter 148,536 tons. The harbour has been of very great service to the district, but has been oppressively affected in its operations by the unfair reduction of railway rates, calculated to destroy the sea traffic between Dunedin and the port of Oamaru. This reduction and the depreciation in the value of the board's endowment have seriously crippled the finances of the board.
, Chairman of the Oamaru Harbour Board, is the second surviving son of the late Hon. M. Holmes, M.L.C., and was born at Geelong, Victoria, in 1847. He was educated at Edinburgh University, and arrived in New Zealand in December, 1864. Since 1885, Mr. Holmes has had charge of the Awamoa estate; he has been a member of the Oamaru Harbour Board since 1886, and has been chairman since 1895. He was for a short time a member of the Waitaki County Council, and has long been connected with the North Otago Agricultural and Pastoral Association, as a member of the committee.
, who is a Member of the Oamaru Harbour Board, on which he has represented the Borough of Oamaru for about fifteen years, was born in Paris, in 1833. He was educated partly in England and partly in Germany, and intended for the army, but decided to come to the Colonies, and landed in Sydney in 1853. Mr. Allan was for eighteen months interested in goldmining on the Western goldfields of New South Wales and for four years and a-half he was engaged in pastoral pursuits in New South Wales and Queensland; but in 1859 he came to Otago with the intention of becoming a flockowner. About eighteen months later, he settled at Oamaru, where he purchased 160 acres, of which he still retains forty, and on a portion of which he resides. From 1876 to 1879 Mr. Allan paid an extended visit to England. In the early days, Mr. Allan was a member of various road boards, and for a short time he occupied a seat on the Oamaru Borough Council. He was a Justice of the Peace for thirty-three years, but resigned in 1895.
was appointed by the Government to succeed the late Mr. E. Menlove as the Government nominee on the Oamaru Harbour Board. He is referred to in other articles as a house decorator in Oamaru and as a farmer at Whitstone.
, Mayor of Oamaru, is a member, ex-officio, of the Oamaru Harbour Board. He is elsewhere referred to as Mayor of Oamaru.
, A Member of the Oamaru Harbour Board, is referred to in another article as Secretary of the Loyal Oamaru Lodge of Oddfellows.
, the representative of the Waitaki riding of the Waitaki county on the Oamaru Harbour Board, is a prominent farmer at Papakaio, and has been
, who is a member of the Oamaru Harbour Board, has been in business in Oamaru as a timber merchant for about a quarter of a century.
, who is one of the elected members of the Oamaru Harbour Board, was born in 1862, in Port Chalmers. Since leaving school he has been in the employment of the Union Steam Shipping Company, and is manager of its Oamaru branch.
Is one of the elected members of the Oamaru Harbour Board, on which he represents the Hakataramea riding of the Waimate county. Mr. Nicholls is a sheep farmer at Hakataramea Valley.
, J.P., Is one of the representatives of the Waiareka riding of Waitaki county on the Oamaru Harbour Board. He is referred to on another page of this volume as proprietor of the Elderslie estate.
, who is a member of the Oamaru Harbour Board, has been well known in Oamaru for many years as local manager of the National Mortgage Agency Company of New Zealand, Limited.
, who is one of the elected members of the Oamaru Harbour Board, represents Waihao district. He is referred to at page 1097 of the Canterbury volume of this work, as a settler at Glenavy.
, who is a member of the Oamaru Harbour Board, and served for some time on the Waitaki County Council, was born in Monmouthshire, England, in 1846. In 1871 he came to Port Chalmers, and settled in the Oamaru district. In August, 1899, Mr. Williams bought Tapui homestead, which comprises 8000 acres, 3800 being freehold and the balance leasehold reserves.
, who is a representative of the Kakanui riding of he Waitaki county on the Oamaru Harbour Board, is referred to in another article as a farmer in the Maheno district.
, Harbour Master at Oamaru, who is referred to on page 794 of the Wellington volume of the Cyclopedia, was born in June, 1852. He was confirmed as master in the Union Steamship Company's service in January, 1892, but resigned his position under the company on securing his present appointment from the Oamaru Harbour Board in August, 1896.
was Chairman of the Oamaru Harbour Board for about fifteen years, and also served as Mayor of Oamaru, besides filling many other important offices in connection with the town. He was born in Middlesex, England, in 1836. After being for ten years in South Australia, he settled in Otago in 1861, and for many years conducted a large business as grain merchant and land agent and auctioneer. He was connected with the volunteer movement for over thirty yeas; he advanced from the rank of ensign in 1871 to that of Lieut-Colonel in 1889, and held the command of the district for a number of yeas. On the incorporation of the borough of Oamaru he became the first town clerk, and as a politician he was elected a member of the Provincial Council for Waitaki in 1871, and held office till the abolition of the provinces. He also took a great interest in educational matters and was chairman of the school committee for a number of years. Mr. Sumpter was married, in 1858, to a daughter of Mr. R. S. Newell, of Chichester, Sussex, and had three sons and eight daughters. He died on the 11th of November, 1900.
has jurisdiction over a district comprising 2333 square miles. It is bounded on the north by the Waitaki and Ohau rivers to Mount Holmes; on the west and south by the Vincent, Maniototo and Waihemo counties; and on the east by the sea to the point of commencement. The capital value of property in the Waitaki County is £2,758,532, on which a general rate of one-halfpenny in the £ is levied, besides several special rates. The revenue for the year ended on the 31st of March, 1903, was £10,375, and the total liabilities on the same date amounted to £3,522, the assets to £7,394. There are 1897 ratepayers, owning 2517 properties in the district. A loan of £2000 has been opened by the Council for the Papakaio water-race for irrigation purposes, under the Government Loans to Local Bodies Act. The Waitaki County is divided into nine ridings, each of which returns one councillor. The names of the ridings and councillors for 1903 were as follows: Messrs Duncan Sutherland (chairman), Ahuriri: John Porter, Otekaike; Thomas Reid, Awamoko; Donald Borrie, Papakaio; George Livingston, Waiareka; John McPherson, Kakanui; John Shaw, Incholme; W. W. Wylie, Otepopo; W. Nicolson, Moeraki. The Council's officers are Mr. James Martin, clerk and treasurer, and Mr. Charles Banks, engineer, and its offices are in Thames Street, Oamaru.
, Chairman of the Waitaki County Council, was born in 1839 in the north of Scotland. In November, 1903, he was elected chairman of the Waitaki County Council for the twenty-fifth consecutive year. In youth he was intended for the medical profession, but he was seized by the gold fever, and emigrated to Victoria,
, who represents the Papakaio riding on the Waitaki County Council, is referred to on another page as a member of the Oamaru Harbour Board.
, who represents the Waiareka riding on the Waitaki County Council, was born in May, 1856, in County Tyrone, Ireland, where he was brought up to a country life by his father, who was a farmer. Mr. Livingstone arrived at Port Chalmers in 1876, by the ship “Invercargill,” and settled in the Oamaru district. For the first three years he was employed on the Windsor Park estate. Subsequently, with a partner, he leased land for cropping purposes, and later on leased “Hayfield,” near Ngapara. This property was worked for about fourteen years, and Mr. Livingstone also had an adjoining farm for a time. He acquired his present property on the opening of the Elderslie estate in 1900. Mr. Livingstone served on the Ngapara school committee for fourteen years, and was chairman for a good part of that time, and he was also a member of the Waiareka Road Board. He was connected with the North Otago Agricultural and Pastoral Society for sixteen years, and was its president in 1901. Mr. Livingstone served as a volunteer in the Otago and the North Otago Hussars. He was married, in 1884, to a daughter of Mr. Thomas Reid, of Ngapara.
, member for Kakanui riding on the Waitaki County Council, is referred to in another article as manager of Totara estate.
, who represents Moeraki riding on the Waitaki County Council, is referred to at page 456 as Mayor of Hampden.
, who represents the Otekaike riding on the Waitaki County Council, is a farmer at Tokarahi, where he holds 600 acres under a lease in perpetuity.
, who represents Inchholme riding on the Waitaki County Council, and has been a member since 1888, was born in Aberdeen, in 1842, and arrived at Port Chalmers, by the ship “Grassmere,” in 1862. After being five years in the Taieri, two years in the Waikouaiti, and eleven years in the Oamaru district, he settled at Incholme.
, who represents Otepopo riding in the Waitaki County Council, is referred to elsewhere as a settler.
, County Clerk and Treasurer to the Waitaki County Council, was born in Ayrshire, Scotland, and educated at the county schools. He entered the service of the British Government in the Survey Department, in which he served for seven years, during which he became a qualified surveyor. Mr. Martin arrived in Dunedin in the ship “Pladda,” and was employed by Messrs Douglas, Alderson and Co., afterwards the New Zealand and Australian Land Company, with whom he continued altogether for ten years, and occupied the position of clerk and inspector of stores. He came to Oamaru in 1872, and continued in the service of the company till the 1st of January, 1875. Mr. Martin was appointed county clerk in January, 1877.
, A.M.I.C.E., Engineer to the Waitaki County Council, was born in Edinburgh in 1851, and arrived in Port Chalmers by the ship “Melbourne,” in 1861. He was for some time in private practice in Dunedin, and was appointed to his present position in 1888.
, J.P., who represented the Moeraki riding on the Waitaki County Council for nine years, resides at Hill House Farm, Hampden. His property consists of 280 acres of freehold land and 120 acres of leasehold, on which he runs sheep and keeps a dairy farm. Mr. Findlay was born in 1836, at Grassyards farm, Fenwick, Scotland, where he was brought up by his father to country pursuits. He arrived in Port Chalmers, in 1862, by the ship “Grassmere,” and after living two years in the Taieri district, he settled at Hampden, and purchased the first part of his present estate, which he considerably increased afterwards. In the early days he was a member of the Hampden Road Board and school committee, and he has been chairman of the Waianakarua school committee since its inception. Mr. Findlay was married in 1862 to a daughter of the late Mr. John Paton, of Hill House Farm, Kilmarnock, Scotland. Mrs. Findlay died in 1885, leaving five daughters and three sons, and there are now nine grandchildren.
consists of A Company (Queen's Rifles) under Captain J. M. Forrester, and Lieutenants C. Armstrong and Forsyth; B Company (Oamaru Rifles) under Captain E. H. Barber, and Lieutenants H. Appleby and Laurenson; C Company (Hampden Rifles) under Captain McWilliams, Lieutenants Lefevre and Paterson; D Company (Palmerston Rifles) under Lieutenants McDonald and Clarke; E Company (Alexandra South Rifles) under Captain Laidlaw and Lieutenants McMath and Carr; F Company (Queenstown Rifles) under Captain Porter and Lieutenant Reid; G Company (Cromwell Rifles) under Captain Warburton and Lieutenant Mackenzie and Jolly; and H Company (Duntroon Rifles) under Captain C. B. Morris and Lieutenant D. Grant. The staff of the battalion consists of Lieutenant-Colonel A. Headland, V.D., Major R. Mahan, Adjutant Captain C. F. Stubbs, Pay and Quartermaster Captain R. M. Robertson, Surgeon-Captain J. Whitton, Chaplain the Venerable Archdeacon H. G. Gould, Sergeant-Major D. M. Pryde, and Quartermaster-Sergeant A. Smith. Staff-Sergeant-Major F. W. Kibblewhite is the Staff Instructor.
, V.D., the officer commanding the Third Battalion Otago Rifle Volunteers, is the eldest son of Mr. A. J. S. Headland, J.P. Lieutenant-Colonel Headland was born in London in 1855, and came to Port Chalmers, with his parents, by the ship “Agra,” in 1858. He was educated as a teacher, but after serving for seven years under the Otago Education Board, he entered business life. On the 31st
, who is on the staff of No. 3 Battalion, Otago Rifles, has had a long experience as a volunteer. He served five years in the Timaru Artillery Cadets, and joined the Oamaru Rifles as a private in 1882, on his arrival in the district. Shortly afterwards he gained the rank of sergeant. At the time of the Russian scare Mr. Mahan transferred to the Naval Artillery, and was soon afterwards elected sublieutenant. Two years later he became lieutenant-commanding, and afterwards had charge of the corps. He is a son of Mr. A. Mahan, schoolmaster, Geraldine, and was born in 1862, in County Longford, Ireland. After completing his elementary education he learned the business of a photographer, and has been well-known in Oamaru since 1886. He is referred to in another article in connection with the firm of Mahan and Muir, photographers.
, of the Queen's Rifles, is referred to elsewhere in this work in his capacity as an architect.
, of the Oamaru Rifles, commenced his volunteer experience in 1890, when he joined the St. John's College, Cadets, in Auckland. During his subsequent visit to London he had some experience at Aldershot. Then, after returning to the colony, and during his residence at Tomoana, he became lieutenant in the Hawke's Bay Mounted Rifles, and while at the Bluff he became captain of the Bluff Guards. Since settling at Oamaru he has been elected to the captaincy of the Oamaru Rifles. Captain Barber is referred to in another article as manager at Oamaru for J. Mill and Co.
, who is a staff officer of the Third Battalion, Otago Rifles, joined the I Battery of Artillery in Oamaru on the 2nd of March, 1892. Subsequently he became Colour-Sergeant in the Queen's Rifles, from which he was drafted to the staff office he now holds. Mr. Smith is referred to in another article as a member of the firm of Smith and Jamieson, builders and contractors, Oamaru.
, of the Third Battalion Otago Rifles, was born in 1837 at Purton, Wiltshire, England, and was educated at national schools. He joined the Second Battalion Devonshire Regiment, with which he left for India on the 7th of February, 1877. On the 22nd of October, 1881, he was promoted to the rank of First Class Instructor on the Bengal Unattached List, and continued a member of the Devonshire Regiment till it left India. He was transferred to the 99th Regiment as supernumerary on the Bengal Unattached List, and when that Regiment left India he was transferred to the 30th Regiment in the same capacity. He holds the medal for the Afghan war of 1878–9–80, the good conduct and long service medals, and was also recommended for the meritorious medal, with an annuity, in September, 1895. He also received two Viceroy-of-India silver medals as the best shot of Bengal, and one bronze medal as second best shot, also the National Silver Medal of England. Mr. Kibblewhite twice gained the Championship of the Indian Rifle Association, and also the Bombay Rifle Association Silver Medal, and took third place for the Championship of the whole of India, Aden, and Burmah under the Indian Rifle Association. Besides these trophies, he gained two shields at the Interregimental Matches, the National Silver Cup, and two Instructors' Champion Shot Cups and other prizes. Sergeant-Major Kibblewhite left India for New Zealand on the 1st of March, 1897, and reported himself to the military authorities in Wellington, when he was sent to Dunedin as Staff Sergeant-Major, being transferred to Oamaru on the 1st of November, 1899. Altogether he served twenty years in India out of twenty-one years two hundred and ninety-two days of Imperial service. During his experience as a marksman Mr. Kibblewhite competed at Bisley, where he won the eighth prize presented by the “Graphic” newspaper. He was married in India on the 6th of June, 1881, to a daughter of the late Mr. Michael Dempsey, of County Galway, Ireland, and has four sons and five daughters.
has been in charge of the North Otago Mounted Rifles since 1900. He joined the corps in 1893 as corporal, and has advanced through the various grades of the service to his present position. Mr. Gillies is further referred to as chairman of the North Otago Farmers' Co-operative Association.
occupies a central position in Thames Street, Oamaru. The present fine building, which is constructed of Oamaru stone, and is two stories in height, with a basement, is erected on a section adjoining the old original post office building, with which it forms a striking contrast. The ground floor is used entirely for the postal, telegraph, money order and post office savings bank business, and the next floor is used by the Defence Department. The building was erected in 1884. A telephone exchange with 186 subscribers is connected with the office. The postal district controlled by the officer in charge of the Oamaru Post Office, extends from Waitaki to the Waihemo rivers; there are forty-two sub-offices in the district, and the staff at Oamaru numbers thirty-two members.
, Postmaster at Oamaru, was born near Scarborough, England, in 1848. He arrived with his parents in Lyttelton in October, 1853, by the ship “John Taylor,” was educated in Canterbury, and joined the staff of the post office in Timaru as clerk on the 1st of August, 1867. He became postmaster at Timaru in 1873, and
was for many years Postmaster at Oamaru, and is a native of Tooting, Surrey, England, where he was born in 1819. In 1842 he emigrated to Port Philip, where he became a squatter on the Goulburn River, and continued there as such till 1864, when he came to Otago. Mr. Bicknell joined the postal service in Dunedin, and was appointed postmaster at Oamaru on the 1st of May, 1867. He retired in 1880, and for seven years subsequently was secretary to the Oamaru Woollen Factory Company. Mr. Bicknell was married, in 1855, to Miss Armstrong, of Kilmore, and has eight daughters and two sons.
is situated in Thames Street, a portion of the old post office building being occupied for the purpose of the department. Mr. T. M. Cullen is the Collector of Customs for the district, and the bond, which is situated in Tyne Street, is the property of Mr. William Bee.
, Collector of Customs and Sub-paymaster of Imperial Pensions, Oamaru, was born in Auckland in 1862, and was educated at the Auckland College and Grammar School. In December, 1878, he entered the Government service in the Postal Department at Auckland, and was transferred to the Customs Department in January, 1880. He was afterwards transferred successively to Napier, Wellington, Dunedin, and Hokitika. In 1890 he was transferred from Hokitika to Oamaru, in succession to Mr. Ridings. In athletic sports, social affairs, and in musical circles, Mr. Cullen takes an active interest. His geniality and freedom from affectation have made him a very popular Government servant, and won him numerous friends in the various districts where he has been stationed.
, Landing Surveyor for H.M. Customs, Dunedin, and formerly Collector of Customs for the Port of Oamaru and at Hokitika, was born at Nelson in 1860, and educated at the Auckland College and Grammar School. He joined Her Majesty's Customs in Auckland in 1876 as a cadet, two years later he was transferred to Wellington as clerk, and in 1882 he returned to Auckland. After four years he became landing waiter at Wellington, and was transferred in 1888 to Dunedin, where he occupied a similar position. In 1895, he was appointed to Oamaru, and in November, 1899, he succeeded the late Mr. Edward Chilman as Collector of Customs at Hokitika, whence he was afterwards transferred to his present position. Mr. Ridings was married, in 1891, to a daughter of Mr. A. W. Morris, manager of the Otago and Southland Investment Company, Dunedin.
, who was an officer of H. M. Customs in New Zealand for thirty-four years, was born near Belfast, Ireland, in 1832. He landed in Auckland in 1859, and joined the staff of the Customhouse as a ganger in Dunedin about the end of the following year. Mr. Thompson afterwards held office as warehouse-keeper in Dunedin, and was transferred in 1864 to Oamaru, where he became landing waiter. Nine years later he became collector, and in 1878 he was appointed receiver of land revenue and collector of customs at New Plymouth. Ten years subsequently he returned to Oamaru as collector of customs, and retired on a pension in 1896. During his residence in Taranaki he served as a volunteer at the time of the Parihaka trouble.
at Oamaru is a turreted structure of Oamaru stone, erected on a portion of the
is situated between the Courthouse and the Gaol on the Police Reserve. The building has been erected for upwards of a quarter of a century, is constructed of Oamaru stone, and contains five rooms, including the office of the sergeant-in-charge and his staff. Oamaru is the centre of the district which includes all North Otago, and Sergeant King, the officer-in-charge, is assisted by a staff of ten constables and one detective.
, Officer in chage of the Oamaru Police District, was born in Dublin, Ireland, in 1853. He joined the police force in Wellington, and had numerous appointments before being transferred to Oamaru in October, 1901.
is one of the terminal stations of the New Zealand railway system, and from it the districts including Palmerston to Kurow, Ngapara and Tokarahi branches, are supervised by the stationmaster. It contains the stationmaster's room, booking office, ticket lobbies, guards' rcom, parcel office, lamp room, ladies' waiting-room and general waiting-room, refreshment room and bar, and there is also a convenient passenger platform. The station building is new and is situated at the foot of Usk and Ribble Streets, to which it was transferred from Wansbeck Street, in October, 1900. It is one of the best of the modern stations in the colony, and there are docks at the north and south ends of the platform. The goods department is conducted in a separate building, to which there are numerous entrances for the convenience of the business community. From the railway station premises the line is extended to the Oamaru breakwater, with which there is an extensive traffic in wool and grain. The entire staff in connection with the Oamaru railway station numbers thirty-eight, including clerks, guards, porters, watchmen, signalmen and gatekeepers. Mr. P. A. Duncan is stationmaster.
, Chief Clerk at the Oamaru Railway Station, was born at Deptford, England, in 1855, and educated at Deptford and Greenwich. He was brought up as a school teacher and received a license to teach, under the British denominational and educational system, but owing to a breakdown in his health he came to Lyttelton by the ship “Columbus,” in 1873. Shortly after his arrival he was appointed assistant master of the Christchurch High School, now the West Christchurch School, but was finally compelled to abandon his profession in consequence of the state of his health. Mr. Couch joined the Railway Department in 1878, as clerk in the Lyttelton goods department, where he continued till he was transferred to his present position at Oamaru in 1898. Mr. Couch was married, in 1877, to a daughter of Mr. J. Atkinson, of Lyttelton, and has six sons and three daughters. During his residence in Lyttelton, Mr. Couch was an active member of the Wesleyan Church, and held office as steward and trustee for about eighteen years.
, Goods Clerk at the Oamaru Railway Station, was born in Mosgiel, Otago, in 1864. He was educated in his native town, and entered the railway service at Gore in 1883. A year later he was transferred to Dunedin, where he performed the duties of clerk for ten years. In 1895 Mr. Cooper was promoted to his present position in Oamaru. As a Freemason he is attached to Lodge Waitaki.
, Parcels Clerk at the Oamaru Railway Station, was born in Peterhead, Scotland, in 1876. He accompanied his parents to Wellington by the ship “Perthshire,” in 1883, and travelled in the ill-fated s.s. “Wairarapa” to Port Chalmers. His father, Mr. John Reid, was headmaster of the Ravensbourne public school for many years. Mr. Ernest Reid became a cadet in the Railway Department at Dunedin in 1893. He was stationed successively at Caversham, Hampden, and Herbert, and was again at Hampden before returning to Dunedin to the Goods Department, in 1897. Two years later Mr. Reid was appointed to his present position in Oamaru. He was married, in 1897, to a daughter of Mr. John Budge, farmer, at Herbert, and has three daughters.
, Coaching Foreman, in charge of the staff at the Oamaru Railway Station, was born in August, 1865, at Kircaldy, Fifeshire, Scotland. He attended Mr. Philip's school, and went to sea as an apprentice. For about thirteen years he followed the sea, and after arriving in Olago, in a barque laden with jarrah timber, he decided to remain in the colony. In 1875 Mr. Kay joined the railway service in Oamaru, and two years later was transferred to Dunedin. He became the first guard on the north express from Dunedin, and after seventeen years' of service was stationed at Oamaru in 1898. As a Freemason Mr. Kay is a member of Lodge Oamaru Kilwinning. He was married, in 1875, to a daughter of Mr.
, Railway Carpenter at Oamaru, was born at Handforth, Cheshire, England, in 1845. He attended school in his native place. His father was master of the first National School in the district; he was also the local postmaster for twenty years. Mr. Verey came out to Victoria in 1864, and learned his trade partly in that colony and partly in New Zealand. In 1876 he arrived in Dunedin, and joined the Railway Department as a carpenter in 1880. After three and a half years of service, he was appointed Inspector of Bridges at Invercargill, and held the position for three years and seven months. In October, 1887, Mr. Verey was transferred to Oamaru as carpenter in charge. He is a prominent member of the Railway Employees' Benefit Society, and of the Amalgamated Society of Railway Servants, of which he has been chairman at Oamaru, and has been secretary for five years. Mr. Verey was elected delegate to represent the Oamaru district at the conference held in Invercargill in 1902. He has been a deacon of the Baptist Church for a number of years. Mr. Verey was married, in 1881, to a daughter of the late Mr. Robert Stevenson, of Dunedin, and has two sons and one daughter.
, Engine Driver on the Oamaru section of the New Zealand railways, was born at West Maling, Kent, on the 27th of April, 1840. After serving for a short time on the London and Chatham railway, he came to the Bluff on the 28th of May, 1865, by the ship “Jessie Gilbert,” and joined the New Zealand railways in 1866. Mr. Broad became fireman on the first engine that travelled on the Dunedin and Abbotsford line. He was made driver in 1875, and has been continuously employed on the middle section since its opening. He is a member of the Endeavour Lodge, U.A.O.D., and has taken an active part in connection with railway sick benefit societies. Mr. Broad was married to a daughter of the late Mr Oliver Sutton, of Manchester, and has five sons and three daughters.
, Engine Driver on the Oamaru section of the New Zealand railways, was born in 1856, in Maidstone, Kent, where he was educated. He arrived in Port Chalmers in 1873, by the ship “James Nicol Fleming,” settled in Oamaru, and in 1874 he joined the railway service as a cleaner. Two years later he was promoted to the position of fireman, and became driver in 1877. He is a Forester, and is attached to Court Pride of Oamaru. Mr. Brooker was married on the 23rd of October, 1877, to a daughter of Mr. Thomas Colleram, of Galway, Ireland, and has four sons and seven daughters.
, Engine Driver on the Hurunui-Bluff section of the New Zealand railways, was born in Liverpool, England, in 1856. He was educated at Workington, Cumberland, and served his time as a paper maker at the Derwent Paper Mills, Workington. Subsequently he was employed as a puddler by the West Cumberland Iron and Steel Company of the same place. He afterwards became engine driver for the Derwent Hematite Iron Works, since known as the Ironfield Steel Works. At Christmas, 1879, Mr. Brown arrived in Port Chalmers by the ship “Taranaki,” and after a general experience extending over two or three years, he obtained employment at the Hillside Railway Workshops, Dunedin. Shortly afterwards he became cleaner, and was subsequently appointed fireman, and continued in that position till May, 1886, when he was appointed night foreman of cleaners. He was appointed driver in November, 1889. Mr. Brown is connected with the Masonic Order, having been initiated into Lodge Celtic No. 477, S.C., Dunedin, on the 17th of March, 1887. While stationed at
(Incorporated 1885). Mr J. Church, secretary. This Board consists of the members of the Waitaki County Council, together with the mayor of Oamaru and four councillors elected by the borough, and the mayor and two councillors of Hambden. The Mayor of Oamaru is, ex officio, chairman of the board, which makes an annual requisition on the bodies connected with it, for a contribution in proportion to value for the purpose of administering charitable aid in the district.
. (Incorporated under the Hospital and Charitable Aid Institutions' Act, 1885, and Amendment Act, 1886.) The trustees for 1903 were: Messrs J. Mainland (president), W. H. Rose, A. J. S. Headland, W. C. McDouall, J. H. Barr, and D. Hay; Mr. J. Church (secretary). The trustees are entrusted with the management of the Oamaru Hospital, and derive their revenue mainly from a Provincial Government grant of four thousand acres at Livingstone and Kauroo. The properties are let at a rental which amounts to £915 per annum. Local subscriptions amount to about £100 a year, and on this the institution obtains a Government subsidy of twenty-four shillings per pound. The accumulated funds amount to about £3000, which is bearing interest. The annual expenditure of the hospital is over £1300 a year.
, Chairman of the Oamaru Hospital Contributors, was born in Lerwick, Shetland lsles, in 1835. He was brought up as a builder and contractor and arrived in Port Chalmers, in 1858, by the ship “Three Bells.” About the end of the following year, he settled in Oamaru, where he has since been engaged in connection with his trade, either as employee or employer. From 1872 to 1886 Mr. Mainland served as president of the hospital board, and on the establishment of the present body, he was presented with an illuminated address in recognition of his services. Subsequently he became chairman of the new institution.
, J.P., who is a Trustee of the Oamaru Hospital Contributors, was born in 1831, in London, where he was educated and brought up as a compositor. In 1858 he landed in Port Chalmers, from the ship “Agra, and three months later settled in the Oamaru district, where he was for a short time engaged in pastoral pursuits. Mr. Headland established himself in business in Thames Street in 1866, and the beginning then made has grown into his present connection. Mr. Headland was a member of the Borough Council for about six years, and he has for a long time been connected with the Agricultural and Pastoral Association, as a member of the committee. He was married in 1854 to a daughter of the late Captain Havelock Huntrods, of Sunderland, and has four daughters and three sons.
, Secretary of the Oamaru Hospital Contributors, was born in Roxburghshire, Scotland, in 1821, and finished his education at the Edinburgh University. Mr. Church was brought up as a farmer; and before coming to the Colonies he had the management of properties in Scotland, and in the North of England, and in Warwickshire, successively. In 1852 he emigrated to Victoria, but soon after went to Tasmania, where he remained about nine years and had the management of farms and the charge of a flourmill, and afterwards of a starch and vinegar factory. In 1863 he settled in Dunedin, and three years later he became editor of the “Bruce Herald.” In 1869 Mr. Church took a similar position on the “Bruce Standard,” which he conducted till becoming editor of the “Oamaru Times in 1872. Shertly afterwards he was appointed accountant to Mr. Henry Connell, with whom he remained for three years. During his residence in Milton, Mr. Church founded the Tokomairiro Farmers' Club, of which he was secretary for five years. He has held the position of secretary of the North Otago Agricultural and Pastoral Association since 1872, and is recognised as the oldest secretary in the Colony. He has managed the finances of the local hospital since 1874, and was long connected with school committees and other public offices in Oamaru. Mr. Church was married in 1855 to a daughter of Dr. T. Brownell, of Tasmania, and has five sons and six daughters surviving.
occupies a site on eight acres of land at the top of a ridge, from which an extensive seaview is obtainable. The whole of the buildings are constructed of local limestone, and there is accommodation for twenty-five patients, space having been provided in the original portion for fourteen and in the new male ward for eleven. In the older building there are five wards, together with a vestibule, surgery, nurses' rooms, kitchen, and the apartments of the matron and chief warder, who is also dispenser and steward. The new male ward is a very fine apartment, lofty and well ventilated. The capital operating theatre is equipped with the most modern surgical appliances, and has light from the roof, as well as from the sides. The hospital contains two baths, to which both hot and cold water is laid on. At some distance behind the main building, there is a fever ward, which is fitted up for eight patients, but such is the healthiness of the town and district, that it is seldom in use. The outbuildings attached to the premises comprise a dairy, a cow byre, a laundry of two apartments, a coal-shed and a gardener's cottage. A large piece of ground is in cultivation, as a kitchen and vegetable garden, and the entire requirements of the institution in this respect are thus fully provided for, and a considerable quantity of fruit is also grown. There are also paddocks for the cows, which number three, and a fine meadow in front supplies fodder for winter feed in abundance. Dr. MacGregor's reports on the Oamaru Hospital are uniformly favourable, and residents of the town and district may congratulate themselves on the excellence of the institution.
, who was for a time one of the Trustees of the Oamaru Hospital, was born in London in 1842. After completing his studies at the City of London School and privately, he was brought up to mercantile life, and came out to Auckland in 1864, by the ship “Amersham.” Mr. Montagu entered the Bank of New Zealand as ledger-keeper, and shortly afterwards was sent to the West Coast goldfields, and reached Hokitika by the steamer “Nelson,” the first vessel to enter the river. He was subsequently stationed in Greymouth, and afterwards in Nelson till 1869, when he became accountant at Invercargill. Four years later Mr. Montagu was sent to open the Rangiora branch of the bank, and in the following year he was transferred to Southbridge. Subsequently he was for a short time in the Christchurch office, and then he became acting accountant at Dunedin. In 1875 he resigned his position in the bank, and took a trip to England, and on his return to the Colony in the following year, he declined to accept office as accountant in the bank, as he preferred to settle in Oamaru, where he became accountant to the New Zealand Loan and Mercantile Agency Company, and held that position until 1889. In the following year he joined Mr. G. R. Hislop in business under the style of Hislop and Montagu, but a year later he retired from the firm and has since conducted business on his own account. He was for several years a member of the Waitaki High School Board of Governors,
, Chief Warder, who also acts as dispenser and steward of the Oamaru Hospital, was born in Cambridge, England, in 1848. He was educated in his native place and joined the army in 1867 as a private; left in 1870, rejoined in 1871; was promoted to the rank of corporal after four years' service, and became sergeant in 1876. While he was in the army he went all through the North West frontier campaign in India. During his military life he passed examinations as dispenser, and left the force in 1883, when he arrived, by the s.s. “Ruapehu” in Port Chalmers. Mr. Desmond was settled for a year in Temuka, and was then appointed to his present position. He takes a keen interest in the numerous duties of his office and has brought his ingenuity to bear on the construction of appliances in connection with the establishment. One of Mr. Desmond's ingenious devices is an ambulance carriage, which is built on a frame having cushioned tyre wheels, and so made that the patient can be carefully lifted from the carriage without being handled. This appliance, when perfected, must prove invaluable in all cases of accident. Mr. Desmond was married in 1884 to a daughter of the late Mr. W. Wainwright, of Manchester, England.
, Matron of the Oamaru Hospital, was born in Manchester, where she was educated at private schools. She was appointed to the Oamaru Hospital at the same time as her husband.
, which occupies a commanding position overlooking the harbour and town of Oamaru, was established about the year 1876. It was originally the Immigration Barracks, and consists of two dormitories of ten beds each, and there are also ten single bedrooms. There is thus sleeping accommodation for thirty inmates. The kitchen, etc., and the master's and matron's rooms occupy the centre of the building. The new Home for incurables is attached to the institution. It is a handsome building of Oamaru stone, and was built in commemoration of Queen Victoria's Jubilee in 1897. There are two wards in this building; the male ward contains eight beds, and there are four beds in the ward for females.
, Master of the Institution, was born in Aberdeen, Scotland, where he learned the trade of a stonemason. He came to New Zealand in 1866, in the ship “Stratlrallan.” Mr. Bisset married in 1882, a daughter of Mr. William Catto, farmer, Aberdeen, and his wife is Matron of the institution. Mr. and Mrs. Bisset resided for a number of years in the Papakaio district, and were appointed to their present positions in March 1898.
has for many years served as a member of the Benevolent Society, and was born in Dumfries, in 1811. He was educated at New Abbey, and was brought up to business as a tailor in Maxwelltown. Mr. Milligan came to Port Chalmers, by the ship “Storm Cloud,” in 1862. Six months after his arrival, he commencod business in King Street, Dunedin, and removed two years later to George Street. In December, 1868, he settled in Oamaru, where he established the large business which he has since conducted, and which is more fully referred to elsewhere in these pages. Mr. Milligan has in his business been subject to the vicissitudes which frequently fall to the lot of enterprising men. In 1885, he was obliged to ask for concessions, but he has since paid the whole of his liabilities in full. The circumstance was duly appreciated by his creditors, who presented him with a handsome piece of silver plate in recognition of his commercial integrity. Mr. Milligan has been prominent as a zealous temperance reformer for forty yeas, and has been connected with the Gospel Temperance Mission, the Good Templar Order, and the prohibition movement in Dunedin and Oamaru. He is connected with St. Paul's Presbyterian Church, and has held office as an elder for many years. Mr. Milligan was married, in Dunedin, by the late Rev. Dr. Stuart, to a daughter of the late Mr. D. Smeaton, of Auchterarder, Scotland, and has four daughters and two sons. The eldest daughter, Mrs. McFadgen, died in 1890.
is constituted under the Waitaki High Schools Act of 1878, and the first meeting was held on the 20th of February, 1879. The Boys' High School was opened on the 15th of May, 1883, the corner stone of the building having been laid on the 12th of October, 1881. The Girls' High School was opened in October, 1887. Mr. A. A. McKinnon is secretary to the Board.
, formerly Secretary and Treasurer of the Waitaki High Schools, is the fourth son of the late Dr. John Hislop, of Dunedin. He was born in Edinburgh, in 1856, and arrived in the Colony as an infant with his parents, and was educated in Dunedin. Mr. Hislop was brought up to the soft goods trade in the house of Messrs Sargood, Son and Ewen, and was subsequently for several years in the employment of the New Zealand Loan and Mercantile Agency Company, in Dunedin and Oamaru. In 1887 he entered into business as a commission agent in Tyne Street, and was appointed secretary and treasurer of the Waitaki High Schools in February, 1897. He became secretary of the North Otago Jockey Club in 1891. Mr. Hislop was married, in 1891, to a daughter of the late Mr. J. Stratford, of Wellington, and has one daughter. He now (1904) resides in Wellington.
, which is under the control of the Board of Govermors of the Waitaki Boys' and Girls' High Schools, is a handsome two-storey building, erected in Oamaru limestone. The site occupied is a healthy one, and has an area of over thirty acres. It is situated about two miles to the north of Oamaru, and has a sen frontage. The grounds are extensively planted with ornamental trees and shrubs. The foundation stone of the building was laid on the 12th of October, 1881, and the school was opened on the 15th of May, 1883, at a cost of £4500. The first rector was Mr. J. Harkness, M.A., who conducted the school from its opening till his resignation in 1896, when he was succeeded by the present rector, Dr. Don. The Waitaki Boys' High School has nine dormitories, with accommodation for sixty-three boarders, and there are four fine classrooms, the total teaching accommodation being for over 100 pupils. The number in attendance in August, 1903, included forty-one day boys and sixty-three boarders. There are extensive play-grounds in connection with the school, and football and cricket grounds are available for the various teams connected with it. Two fives courts have been built, and there is a well equipped gymnasium, measuring 50 feet, by 25 feet, with all necessary appliances. In 1897 a large swimming bath, 70 feet by 50 feet, was completed. A rifle range, 500 yards in length, is included in the school grounds. The Boys' High School cadet corps numbers fifty members. The science training in connection with the school is a very important feature, and a separate building for the purpose of a laboratory has been fitted up for the study of practical chemistry and physics, while geology and field geology form a part of the regular school course.
D.Sc., M.A., F.C.S. and F.G.S. (London), M.A.I.M.E., Rector of the Waitaki Boys' High School, was born in 1861 at Gisborne. Victoria, and received his preliminary education in that Colony. Dr. Don came to New Zealand in 1880, and studied at the Otago University, where he graduated B.A. in 1886, and M.A. with first class honours in chemistry in the following year, and B.Sc in 1889, and D.Sc. in 1896. In 1895 Dr. Don became a member of the American Institute of Mining Engineers; he was elected F.C.S. of London in 1898, and F.G.S. of London in 1900. His career in the education list commenced in 1880, when he became an assistant at the South School, Oamaru, whence he was shortly afterwards transferred to the Forbury School, Dunedin, where he was third assistant till 1882. In that year he was transferred to the Normal School as fourth assistant, and in January, 1884, he was promoted to be first assistant in the Macandrew Road School, Dunedin. From 1887 to 1895, Dr. Don was the first assistant at the Normal School, Dunedin, and was vice-principal of the Training College from 1895 to 1897, in which year, on the 1st of January, he entered upon his duties at the Waitaki High School. For some time Dr. Don was honorary assistant and demonstrator to Professor Black, Otago University, and for seven years he taught the chemistry class in connection with the Technical Classes' Association in Dunedin. Since 1893 he has held the position of lecturer on general geology at the Otago University.
, Third Assistant Master at the Waitaki Boys' High School, was born in 1879 in Dunedin. He was educated at the Union Street school in his native city, and at the Otago Boys' High School, graduated B.A. at the University of Otago in 1992, and took his M.A. degree with honours in Mental Science, in the following year. During his last year at the
, M.A., formerly Second Assistant Master at the Waitaki Boys' High School, was born in 1872 in Christchurch. He received his primary education at the Sydenham public school, and gained a scholarship under the Education Board, entitling him to two years' tuitioa at the Boys' High school. He was then granted a third year's course, and matriculated at the age of fifteen. Mr. McIlroy served as a pupil teacher at the Sydenham school from 1889 to 1891, and in 1892 he studied at the Normal Training Colloge, where he gained a C 4 certificate. He was successively at the Addington and St. Albans public schools, and in October, 1893, he became fifth assistant at Sydenham, and was promoted to be fourth assistant in 1896. Mr. McIlroy was appointed second assstant at the Waitaki Boys' High school, in Oamaru, in May, 1897. During his educational career in Christchurch Mr. McIlroy graduated B.A. at Canterbury College in 1895, and M.A. in the following year, with honours in Latin and English. While a resident of Christchurch he was a member of the Union Rowing Club for three years, and was connected with the Canterbury College Football Club. Mr. Mellroy took an active interest in football at the Waitaki High school, and was one of the instructors in physical exercises at the gymnasium. He left the Waitaki High school in 1900, and is now (1904) First Assistant Master in St. John's Collegiate School, Auckland.
, which was opened in October, 1887, is one of the institutions under the control of the Waitaki High Schools Board of Governors. The school building is situated on a section of two acres and a half, with frontage to Trent and Ouse Streets. It is one storey in height, in Oamaru stone, and has three class rooms, each of which has accommodation for fourteen pupils. Besides a fine assembly room, the room of the lady principal, and a room for the assistant teachers, there is a lavatory and cloak-room. The building is plastered throughout, and the main rooms are sixteen feet high, from floor to ceiling.
, M.A., Lady Principal of the Girls' High School, was appointed to her present position in 1893. She is supported by two assistants, in addition to a drawing mistress and an instructor in drill and deportment.
, M.A., who is First Assistant at the Waitaki Girls' High School, was born in Dunedin. She was educated at the Otago Girls' High School and the University of Otago, where she graduated B.A. in 1898, and took her M.A. degree with honours in Latin and English, in the following year. Miss Grrig was appointed to her present position at the end of the year 1900.
was established in 1870 in a small building not far from the site now occupied. The first portion of the present building was erected in 1873, the infants' schoolroom being added six years later, and two additional rooms in 1886. In 1888 the building was further enlarged, and the present infants' room was built in 1897, when the whole establishment was re-organised. The main school is built of Oamaru stone, and consists of seven rooms, with accommodation—including the infants' department, which is built in wood, and has three class-rooms—for 600 children, and there are 450 on the roll. The school ground, two acres in extent, has front-ages to Reed Street on the west, Exo Street on the north and to Torridge Street on the south. The headmaster is assisted by six certificated teachers and one pupil teacher.
, Headmaster, was born at Benholm, Kincardineshire, Scotland, in 1847. He was educated at the Johnshaven public school, where he served a pupil teacher-ship of five years. Mr. Lindsay came to Port Chalmers in 1870, when he joined the Otago Education Department as second assistant at the Dunedin Middle school, where he continued for about four years. Mr. Lindsay afterwards became first assistant at the South Dunedin school, now known as the High Street school, and was afterwards first assistant at the Normal school from 1876 till 1879, when he was transferred to the position he has since held in Oamaru.
, M.A., formerly Third Assistant at the North School, was born at Milton, in 1870, and educated at Southbridge school and at the Tokomairiro District High School, where he gained the dux medal in 1886, and where he also served his pupil-teachership for four years. He gained the Normal School and University Exhibition Scholarship of £60 a year, for three years, and studied simultaneously at the Normal Training College and the Otago University, where he graduated B.A. in November, 1893, and M.A. twelve months later, with honours in mathematics. In the D examination he gained a second science prize, and was the second highest in the Colony. Mr. Pringle was appointed to the North School in February, 1895. In April, 1900, he went to Nighteaps, as Home Missionary, assisting the Rev. A. Macdonald of the Presbyterian Church, Otautau, Southland.
, Oamaru, which was originally known as the Oamaru Grammar School and afterwards as the first District High School, formerly occupied a site on the hill overlooking the present premises, which are situated on a section of about two acres fronting Severn Street. The main building is erected in Oamaru stone and contains six school-rooms, besides two small rooms, the whole having accommodation for 420 children. The infants' department is in a separate building, which is of wood, and has two rooms seated for 120 scholars. There is a good gymnasium, which is thoroughly equipped with the latest appliances, and the buildings are surrounded by suitable play-grounds. The
, B.A., Headmaster of the Middle School, Oamaru, was born at Plymouth, England, in 1858. In 1863 he arrived with his parents in Melbourne, where he received his primary education. He afterwards studied at the Training College, and received a teacher's certificate from the Education Department. For two years Mr. Earl was in charge of the Model school in Collingwood, and came to Dunedin in 1883 to fill a similar position. In 1883 he was appointed to the Middle school, Oamaru.
occupies a site of two acres and a quarter in extent, and has frontages to Arun Street on the north, Hull Street on the east and Greta Street on the west. It was opened in the present building in 1877, and the original building situated in Greta Street and known as the old Grammar school has since been demolished. The present building is of Oamaru stone, is of one storey, and contains five large rooms, each 20 feet in height, and thoroughly well ventilated, through walls and ceiling. Each room is adapted for 100 pupils, and there is also is room for the headmaster in the main building, besides two smaller rooms. The infants' school, erected in wood and plaster, contains one large, and two small rooms, and has accommodation for 150 pupils. The school has a very fine gymnasium, which was built in 1897 at a cost of £300, half of which was raised locally, and the rest was contributed by the Board. The gymnasium is complete in every respect, and has the most modern appliances and fittings. These, together with the stage, are all movable, so that the room may, if required, be used for the purpose of public meetings and entertainments. The “Honours Board” of the school occupies a prominent position on the walls of the 6th standard classroom, and displays the names of the successful pupils who have been duxes of the school since the year 1878. Among the names there are those of several persons who have distinguished themselves politically, educationally, or otherwise in the Colony. The headmaster is assisted by a staff of five qualified assistants and three pupil teachers.
, Headmaster of the South School, was born in 1848 at Birr, Ireland, and was educated at the Santry Training College, Dublin, where he studied for his profession and became licensed to teach. For five years before leaving for the colonies, he taught in private schools and colleges in England, and arrived in Port Chalmers by the ship “Atrato,” in 1874. Mr. Rice at once joined the service of the Education Board, and was appointed third master at the Oamaru Grammar school. Two years later he became first assistant, and on the opening of the South school, in 1877, he was appointed to the position he has since continuously held. Mr. Rice is a past master of Lodge Waitaki E.C., and is captain of the cadet corps, which numbers sixty-three, in connection with the South school. He was captain of the I Battery for a similar period, and later had the rank of quartermaster of the North Otago Battalion. He has takeri a general interest in football and cricket clubs, and is a member of the Oamaru Chess Club, and also of the Phoenix Bowling Club and of the Korero Club. Mr. Rice was married, in 1879, to a daughter of Mr. E. Penfold, of London, and has one son and four daughters
Apart from the efficiency of their present administration, these schools owe their existence and stability largely to the foresight, liberality and energy of the late Right Rev. Monsignor Coleman, who, as a churchman, was a worthy adjutant of the late Bishop Moran. The schools are conducted by the Dominician Nuns, who reside at Rosary Convent, a handsome building in Oamaru stone, situated on a commanding site, and surrounded by pleasant grounds. In connection with the High School, there is a boarding school with spacious accommodation for young lady boarders, in the scholastic wing of the convent. Visitors to Oamaru have expressed admiration at the beauty of the building, the loftiness and perfect ventilation of the class rooms, dormitories, etc., and the convenience of all the domestic arrangements in this thoroughly up-to-date establishment, which is second to none in the colony. The climatic advantages of Oamaru are well known; the salubrious sea-air, and the general dryness of the atmosphere, render this seaside town a sanatorium for delicate children. The fine conventual building has replaced the two houses originally used in the foundation, which dates back to the 1st of September, 1882, and is an off-shoot from St. Dominic's Priory, Dunedin. Every branch of a sound English education is taught in the High School. In the School of Music pupils each year successfully pass the Practical and Theoretical Examinations of Trinity College, London, and the Associated Board of the Royal Academy, and the Royal College of Music, London. Owing to the largely increased number of art pupils, the authorities have erected a special studio, which occupies one of the most elevated positions in the Convent grounds, and commands a fine view of Cape Wanbrow and the ocean. Primary schools are conducted in connection with the convent, and girls are taught in the large schoolroom, where there are about 200 pupils in attendance. The boys are taught in a separate building in Usk Street, where there are about 100 children on the roll, and a qualified master is in charge. Since 1895, these primary schools have been examined by an inspector of the Board of Education.
. This important institution was established in 1865. The original building, which consisted only of a library and a reading room, was erected in 1867, but a large and important addition was completed and opened in 1883. It is composed of Oamaru stone, two stories in height, and the ground floor is taken up with one large hall, and one of a smaller size. Within the original building there is another floor, which is used as a free reading room, and on the upper floor of the new building there are the circulating library, reference library, a committee room, a general reading room, a reading room for ladies, and a chess and smoking room, in which the Oamaru Chess Club holds its meetings. Altogether the building and its appointments are a credit to the town. In the circulating library department there are about 8000 books, and in the reference library 700. New books arrive quarterly from England, and by this means the library is kept up to a high standard. The number of members is 235, which is considerably less than it ought to be, considering the advantages which membership gives its possessor. An endowment of 102 acres at Ardgowan brings in a revenue of 12s 6d per acre, and there is a debt of £450 upon the building. The entire cost of the premises, including £265 spent on the heating apparatus, under Asburay's patent, was £2150.
, Librarian to the Oamaru Athenæum and Mechanics' Institute, was born in Liverpool, England, in 1834. He was brought up to mercantile life, and arrived in Wellington on the 14th of November, 1857, by the ship “John McVicar.” After a year in Canterbury, Mr. Richmond travelled overland to Oamaru, for the Lindis “rush,” which took place in 1859. On the outbreak of Gabriel's Gully he was attracted further south, and was for seven years on the Otago goldfields, especially at Waitahuna, where Richmond Hill bears his name. He afterwards returned to Oamaru, where he acted as an accountant in various drapery houses till the 5th of August, 1877, when he was appointed to his present position, Mr. Richmond is one of the four oldest members of Court Pride of Oamaru, Ancient Order of Foresters, and acted as secretary for seven years. He was married, in 1868, to a daughter of Mr. Edward Allcock, of Leamington, and has four daughters.
is erected on a section of about three quarters of an acre in extent at the corner of Tees and Itchen Streets in Oamaru. The Anglican Church has been represented in Oamaru since the arrival of the Rev. Algernon Gifford in July, 1862, and the first public meeting in connection with the Church was held on the 19th of October of that year. St. Luke's Church is a handsome structure built of Oamaru stone, and consists of a nave and aisles, with seating accommodation for 350 worshippers; the chancel and the spire have still to be added. Though the building was opened for divine worship on the 29th of October, 1865, the consecration did not take place till the 30th of May of the following year. The congregation averages about 250, and there are about 300 communicants. A convenient schoolroom was erected in 1897. It adjoins the church, and a Sunday school, with 250 scholars and twenty-five teachers, is conducted in this building. The vicarage in connection with St. Luke's Church is known as “The Glebe, and is occupied by the Rev. Algarnon Gifford, who was for many years in charge of St. Luke's parish; the Ven. H. G. Gould, Vicar of St. Luke's and Archdeacon of Oamaru, resides in Hull Street.
, Vicar of St. Luke's Church and Archdeacon of Oamaru, was born in Wolverhampton, England, in 1851, and was educated at Maidstone Grammar school. He arrived in Lyttelton in 1873, by the ship “Cardigan Castle,” studied theology at Christ's College, and was ordained deacon in 1874 and priest in 1877. His first charge was at Malvern, and he was appointed to Oamaru in 1890, He was married in 1878 to a daughter of Mr. Thomas Cane, of Christchurch.
, retired Anglican clergyman, who has resided at the Glebe, Oamaru, since 1862, was born in 1825 at Fulham, London, and is the third son of the late Mr. Edward Gifford, civil engineer. He was educated at St. Mark's College, Chelsea, as a student, and afterwards became junior master. He studied Divinity at St. John's Theological College, Newfoundland, was ordained deacon in 1849, and priest in 1850. Mr. Gifford was appointed the first resident Anglican missionary (S.P.G.) at Labrador, where he served for ten years, after which he returned to Newfoundland, where he continued his ministry for a further three years. In May, 1862, Mr. Gifford arrived in Lyttelton, by the ship “Zelandia,” having been appointed incumbent of Oamaru by the Commissioner in England for the diocese of Christchurch, in New Zealand. In the early days of settlement in Oamaru, Mr. Gifford did a great deal of laborious work and was for a large portion of his time engaged in travelling from settlement to settlement throughout North Otago. He witnessed the gradual growth of the district during his long period of service, which extended to the year 1890, and has had reason to be gratified at the results of his work and ministry. The beautiful church of St. Luke's was commenced and carried to its present state during his term of office, and under his guidance other valuable work was done by and for the parish. Mr. Gifford was appointed Rural Dean of Otago, in 1876, an assessor of the Bishop's Court in 1873, member of the first Cathedral Commission in 1887, and elected clerical representative for the Diocese of Dunedin at the General Synod of 1868 and 1886, both held in Auckland.
is the oldest Presbyterian church in Oamaru. As early as February, 1864, a meeting of the congregation was held in the schoolhouse, and it was decided to erect a church capable of seating 500 persons. The foundation stone was laid on the 10th of November, 1864, and the original building, situated in Coquet Street, was opened early in 1865. The present building, which was erected from plans prepared by Mr. T. Forrester on the model of Salisbury Cathedral, was completed in 1875, and the foundation walls of the first building were utilised, as far as practicable. The building is of fine Oamaru stone; it cost between £4000 and £500, and has seating accommodation for nearly 800 persons. The congregation varies from 400 on Sunday morning to 600 in the evening. In connection with the church, there is a fine Sunday school, with 300 scholars and twenty-six teachers. The manse is ahandsome two-storied building in wood, and stands on a site not far from the church. There is a glebe of about an acre and a half.
, Minister in charge of St. Paul's Presbyterian Church, Oamaru, was born in County Down in the north of Ireland, in 1856. He was educated at Belfast and Londonderry, and studied theology at the Assembly Hall, Belfast, and at Magee College, Derry, and was ordained in Ireland early in 1882, when he was set apart for work in the Colonies. Mr. Porter arrived in Wellington, in 1882, and was appointed to supply at St. Andrew's Church, Christchurch, for three month. He was subsequently for three years and three months in the Prebbleton and Lincoln charge, Canterbury, and afterwards at Mornington, Dunedin, till July, 1898, when he was inducted to the charge of St. Paul's Church, Oamaru. Mr. Porter was married in 1882, in Ireland, to a daughter of Mr. R. Beatty, of Lurgan, and has one daughter.
, which occupies an elevated position at the corner of Wansbeck and Ure Streets, is named after a renowned Irish evangelist of the sixth century. It is an off-shoot of St. Paul's congregation, and began as a mission in the year 1874. Services were held in the local school-room until the completion of the fine church in which the congregation now worships. Columba Church is a handsome structure, built in Oamaru stone, and has seating accommodation for 650 persons. There are over 250 members connected with the church, which was opened on the 15th of July, 1883. The cost of the site and building, including the manse, was about £5000. Attached to the church there is an excellent Sunday school, with 234 scholars and twenty-five teachers. There is also a Christian Endeavour Society, with a strength of about fifty.
, Minister in charge of Columba Church, was born in 1848, in Elgin, Scotland, and was partly educated in his native land. He arrived in Port Chalmers by the ship “Gala,” in 1860. Mr. Wright went through a course of training at the Otago University, and afterwards was three years at Theological Hall, Dunedin. He was ordained in 1883. His first charge was at Knapdale, near Gore, where he remained for about seven years, and he was subsequently for six years and a half at Otepopo. Mr. Wright was inducted as
, at Oamaru, is the name given to the large building used for the purpose of worship by the Roman Catholics. It occupies a fine section of land fronting Reed Street; the original church, used in the early days, and now occupied as a school, is situated in Usk Street. Built of Oamaru stone, the basilica is a large building, with a handsomely finished interior. The ceiling is composed of deep panels of embossed zinc, and beautifully decorated, and the superstructure is supported on thirty-three magnificent pillars in the Corinthian style of architecture, and of stone from the Weston quarries. The nave and aisles measure 90 feet by 50 feet, and have seating accommodation for from eight to nine hundred persons. It was in May, 1893, that the foundation stone of this fine edifice was laid, and the building was opened in the following year by the Right Rev. Dr. Grimes, Bishop of Christchurch. The usual parish schools are largely attended; church services are held at Georgetown, Duntroon, Kurow, Ngapara, Livingstone, Windsor, Enfield, Alma, and Maheno, and the adherents in the district, including children, number from sixteen to seventeen hundred.
, Dean of Otago, who is in charge of the Oamaru district, was born in 1841, in Banffshire, Scotland. He was educated at Blair's College, Aberdeen, at Douay, in the North of France, and at the Grand Seminary of St. Sulspice, Paris. Dean Mackay was ordained in Paris in 1868, and arrived in Port Chalmers in bad health at Christmas, 1872, by the ship “Christian McCausland.” After a few months, during which his health greatly improved, Dean Mackay was appointed to the charge of Queenstown and the Wakatipu goldfields,
, Assistant Priest in the Oamaru district, was born in County Meath, Ireland, in 1876. He was educated at Clonliffe College, Dublin, and afterwards at Maynooth, where he was ordained in 1900. In the following year he came to New Zealand, and was stationed at Oamaru in 1902.
, Eden Street, Oamaru, which was erected about 1875, is built of Oamaru stone, and has seating accommodation for about 300 worshippers. At the back of the main building there is a convenient schoolroom, with accommodation for 120 children, and adjoining the church, there is a convenient and handsome two-storey parsonage, also erected in local limestone. The premises occupy a section of about half an acre in extent. The number of scholars attending the Sunday school is 117, and there are eighteen teachers. There are also two active Christian Endeavour Societies, and a vigorous Temperance Society. The number of members in communion with Wesley Church is one hundred and twenty, and there is an average attendance of over 200 at the evening service. From this centre services are conducted at Kakanui, Totara, Enfield, and Pukeuri.
, Minister in charge at Oamaru, was born in Liverpool, England, in August, 1843. He came to Lyttelton, in 1862, by the ship “Queen of the Mersey,” and was for some years in mercantile life in Christchurch as a book-keeper. Mr. McNicoll became a local preacher in 1866, a probationer in 1868, and was ordained in 1872. He has been stationed successively at Lawrence, Dunedin, Waikouaiti, Greytown (Wairarapa), Greymouth, Invercargill, New Plymouth, Blenheim, Ashburton, Napier, Thames, Auckland (Grafton Road), Christchurch (Durham Street), and Lyttelton, and was appointed to Oamaru in April. 1902. Mr. McNicoll was married, in 1872, to a daughter of the late Mr. W. Randall, of Port Chalmers; and has four daughters and two sons.
, Oamaru, which is situated on a section in Severn Street, was founded in 1883, and before the erection of the church, the services were conducted in the Athenæum Hall. The building, which is of Oamaru stone, and has seating accommodation for three hundred persons, was built in 1889. Services are held morning and evening each Sunday, and a Sunday school is held in connection with the church.
, formerly Minister in charge at the Oamaru Baptist Church, and now (1904) stationed at Wanganui, was born in Surrey, England, in 1864. He received his theological education at Spurgeon's College, in London, and his first charge was at Spreydon, Canterbury, where he commenced to minister on the 1st of May, 1887, having come to Wellington in the s.s. “Aorangi.” Five years later to a day, Mr. Dewdney took up his duties in Oamaru. He has been prominently engaged in the prohibition movement, and was president of the Oamaru branch of the Prohibition League. Mr. Dewdney was married, in 1888, to a daughter of Mr. J. Sayers, of Dorking, Surrey.
, Wansbeck Street, Oamaru; was founded about 1878, when the first services were conducted in the Tees Street Hall, by the Rev. Edward Walker. The church is now (1904) closed.
, sometime Pastor in charge of Emmanuel Congregational Church, Oamaru, and now (1904) of Nelson, was born in 1869, in County Down, Ireland, and was educated at private schools in London. His father, the late Rev. Dr. Wright, was well known as an author and as the editorial superintendent of the British and Foreign Bible Society in London. Mr Wright came to New Zealand in 1887, and became pastor of Emmanuel Church in 1898. He is best known through his literary work, and is the author of many stories published in Colonial journals. In 1897 he wrote the first Otago University prize poem, and in the same year his book, “Station Ballads,” was published in Dunedin. Under Mr. Wright's pastorate Emmanuel Church prospered considerably, and his sermon-stories on the lines of Sheldon proved very successful. While at Oamaru Mr. Wright was president of the North Otago Christian Endeavour Union and chairman of the local branch of the Bible Society and London Missionary Society.
in Oamaru holds its services in the City Temple, Thames Street, a building that is rented from the Athenæum committee, but a plot of two acres, known as the old mill site in Severn Street, has been bought with a view to the erection of a new church. It was in 1880 that members of the Church of Christ first began to organise themselves in Oamaru; regular services have been held since 1886. and in the present building since 1897. The City Temple is a stone building with seating accommodation for 200 worshippers, and in 1903 there were 110 members, who had doubled in number since the preceding year. A Sunday school is regularly held; there are over a hundred scholars on the roll, with an average attendance of eighty and there is a teaching staff of twelve.
, the Evangelist of the Church, was born at Greenock, Scotland, in 1856. He was educated principally at the Normal School,
at Oamaru are situated in Thames Street, and were erected in 1887. The building is of stone, and has sitting room for 300 persons. The site is half an acre in extent. Behind the main building there is another in wood, for junior members of the corps, and with seats for 100 persons. The officers' quarters are situated further back on the section. The corps numbers sixty, and there is a good band. The district is in charge of Adjutant Charles Davies, who was appointed in January, 1903.
, No. 11, N.Z.C. This Lodge was established in 1864, under the English Constitution, and was affiliated with the New Zealand Constitution in 1890. It has a membership of seventy-two.
, P.M., Secretary of Lodge Waitaki, was born at Weston-super-mare, Somersetshire, England, in 1826. He arrived in Port Chalmers by the ship “Lady Egidia, and was the first plumber in the Oamaru district. Mr. Wansbrough has long been connected with the Masonic Order, having served for eleven years as treasurer, and equally long as secretary.
. The Chapter was founded in 1892, and has a large membership.
, Independent Order of Oddfellows, Manchester Unity, 5284, Oddfellows' Hall, Coquet Street, Oamaru; D. MeIntosh, N.G. The Trustees are Messrs J. Jack, R. W. McPherson, and W Couper. This prosperous Lodge was established in 1864, and the hall was erected three years later. The building is of local limestone, is one storey in height, and has, apart from two ante-rooms, seating accommodation for 200 persons. It cost £500, including the value of labour and of stone given free by the members. Liberal subscriptions have enabled the trustees to pay off all liabilities, and the hall is clear of debt. The Loyal Oamaru Lodge is the fifth oldest lodge in Otago; it has a membership of 140, and accumulated funds to the extent of £3500.
, District Deputy Grand Master of the North Otago District Independent Order of Oddfellows, was born in Roxburghshire, Scotland, on the 16th of July, 1853. He was educated chiefly at Fountain Hall school, Midlothian, and was brought up as a dyer in Selkirkshire. Mr. Symington was engaged in Scotland to take charge of the dyeing department of the Oamaru Woollen Factory, and came to the Colony by the R.M.S. “Rimutaka,” in August, 1886, and since then he has been in the employment of the company. He is an Oddfellow, and is attached to Lodge Alfred, in which he has passed all the chairs. Mr. Symington was elected District Deputy Grand Master of the Order of Oddfellows in 1892, and was re-elected in 1897, and again in 1899. He was married in 1878 to a daughter of the late Mr. John Inglis, of Selkirk, and has five daughters and one son.
, J.P., Secretary of the Loyal Oamaru Lodge, was born in 1841, in Kilmarnock, Ayrshire, Scotland, where he was educated. He was brought up to mercantile life in Kilmarnock and Glasgow, and landed at Port Chalmers, from the ship “Wave Queen,” in 1863. After a goldmining and general experience, he settled in 1874 in Oamaru, where he became manager for the late Mr. John Falconer, seedsman, and purchased the business after that gentleman's death in 1888. As an Oddfellow, Mr. Brownlee was initiated in Scotland and brought his clearance to the Colony. He affiliated in the Hand and Heart Lodge, Dunedin, but transferred his membership on removing to Oamaru. Soon after his arrival he became secretary, and has since performed the duties of that office, besides frequently acting as delegate to district meetings of the order. Mr. Brownlee is a member of the Masonic Order, and acted for seven years as secretary of Lodge Waitaki, N.Z.C. He has served on the Waiareka Licensing Bench and the Waiareka school committee, having been chairman of both bodies. Mr. Brownlee studied the tonic sol-fa notation of music in Scotland, and was for a number of years the only member of the London College in New Zealand. He was for a time president of the New Zealand Association, and has granted many certificates to teachers. Mr. Brownlee is chairman of the Waitaki Fruitgrowers' Association, and has represented it in Wellington. He has always taken a prominent part in the North Otago Horticultural Society, and has served as vice-president and president. He is also a member of the committee of the North Otago Agricultural and Pastoral Association, of which he has been vice-president, and was president during 1903–4. Mr. Brownlee was married in Kilmarnock to a daughter of the late Mr. Markland,
, Ancient Order of Foresters. Officers for 1903: W. H. Wray, C. R.; A Sinclair, S.C.R.; J. Marshall, Treasurer, and P. D. Johnston, Secretary. Trustees: W. Dickson, J. Williams, and W. Cairns, formerly secretary. This branch of the Order was established in 1868, and has a membership of 200; meetings are held in St Andrew's Hall, Thames Street, Oamaru. The accumulated funds in connection with Court Pride of Oamaru exceed £3000.
, formerly Secretary of Court Pride of Oamaru, was born at Chirnside, Berwickshire, Scotland, in 1841. He was educated at parish schools, and left Scotland in 1856 for Moreton Bay, Queensland, and after a short time in Sydney, and four years in Melbourne, he arrived at Port Chalmers, in September, 1861. For about eighteen years Mr. Cairns was interested in goldmining, and joined the railway service in 1877, on the opening of the Lawrence branch. Three years later he was appointed signalman at Oamaru, a position which he still holds, and the section under his care has been absolutely free from accidents. Mr. Cairns became a Forester in Victoria, where he was initiated in 1858. He was one of the founders of Court Havelock, Waitahuna, and joined the Oamaru Court by clearance, and has not been absent on more than eight occasions, during his association with it, and then he was absent on Court business. Mr. Cairns was appointed secretary to Court Pride of Oamaru in 1882, but retired from that office in the beginning of 1903. On that occasion the Court presented him with a purse of sovereigns, and also made him a life member, in recognition of his faithful services. The accumulated funds increased during his period of office from one hundred pounds to the present satisfactory to al. Mr. Cairns was married, on the 17th of August, 1862, to a daughter of Mr. W. Boyle, of Glasgow, and has three daughters and one son. His marriage was the first that took place on the Waitahuna goldfield.
, who was for many years the Treasurer of Court Pride of Oamaru, A.O.F., and represented the Court at several district meetings of the Order, was born in 1863, in Sunderland, England, where he was educated. He arrived at the Bluff, by the ship “Adamant,” in 1875, and settled at Kaitangata with his parents. Two years later he removed to Oamaru, and became the first apprentice in the “Mail” office, in which he was employed, until 1899, when he bought the “Hastings Standard” in Hawke's Bay. Mr. Hart has long been identified with the breeding of poultry, and was connected with the Oamaru society from its inception till he left that town. For about six years he acted as secretary; subsequently he became vicepresident. He was one of the judges at Timaru for thirteen years. After settling in Hawke's Bay, he was instrumental in establishing the Hastings Poultry and Pigeon Society. He is recognised as a capital judge, and his services have been in request at the Oamaru, Timaru, Dunedin, Milton, Napier, Hastings, and other shows. He has been a member of the Independent Order of Good Templars since 1882, and has passed through all the chairs. In connection with the Wesleyan church, he held office in Oamaru as a trustee and steward, and has acted in the same capacity in Hastings. Mr. Hart was married, in 1884, to a daughter of Mr. J. Currie, of Oamaru, and has four daughters.
, No. 6, Independent Order of Oddfellows. This Lodge, which was founded in 1869, holds its meetings in the Oddfellows' Hall, and has a membership of eighty-four. Its accumulated funds amount to over £1250.
, Secretary of Lodge Alfred, was born in Peebleshire, Scotland, in 1854. He came to Port Chalmers by the ship “Nelson,” in 1882, under engagement to the Oamaru Woollen Factory Company, as warper, and he still occupies that position. In 1888 he joined the order of Oddfellows; he has passed through all the chairs, and has fulfiled the duties of secretary since 1894.
, No. 7, United Ancient Order of Druids. Officers for 1963: W. Tait, A.D.; A. Tait, V.A.D.; G. L. Grenfell (P.D.P.), Secretary; H. Grenfell, Treasurer. The Order of Druids was established in Oamaru in 1884, and the Lodge has now a membership of one hundred and forty-five. Meetings are held in St. Andrew's Hall, Thames Street, on alternate Tuesdays. The accumulated funds amount to £1100.
, Past Arch, who has been Secretary of the Lodge since 1894, and is a Past District President of the Order, was born at Geelong, Victoria, in 1858. He accompanied his parents to Oamaru when he was two years old, was educated at the Oamaru Grammar school, and brought up to business as a cabinetmaker and undertaker. Mr. Grenfell has conducted business on his own account since 1875. He is a charter member of the Endeavour Lodge; and as a Freemason, he has been attached to Lodge Waitaki since 1882. For three years he was a member of the South Oamaru school committee, and perfermed the duties of secretary for two years. He has been connected with the Oamaru Rifles and with the local battery of artillery. Mr. Grenfell was married, in 1882, to a daughter of Mr. T. A. Messenger, of Oamaru, and has two sons and one daughter.
No. 4 District United Ancient Order Of Druids: District President, Mr. T. S. Adams, Tees Street, Oamaru.
, Past District President of No. 4 District United Ancient Order of Druids, was born in Linlithgowshire, Scotland, in 1860. He was educated at Wilson's Endowed school, Fauldhouse, and served two years to the business of a cabinetmaker before coming to the Bluff, by the ship “Christian McCausland,” in 1875. He completed his apprenticeship at Port Chalmers, and after serving a short time as a carpenter, he settled in Oamaru in 1877. Since then he has been connected with the butchering business. He was for seventeen years in the employment of Mr. David Dunn, and bought the business at the corner of Coquet and Thames Streets from the Co-operative Company in April, 1898. Mr. Meikle's connection with the Order of Druids in Oamaru dates from shortly after the opening of Lodge Endeavour, in 1884. He has
was established in 1891, and held its first meeting in April of that year. The racecourse reserve, which is situated about two miles and a half to the north of Oamaru, is 190 acres in extent, and a grandstand, loose boxes, and other buildings, have been erected upon it. The course itself is a mile and a quarter long, and is now completely fenced on both sides, on the inner side with net wire, so that, at any time, it may be made into a Plumpton. Two meetings are held every year, in spring and autumn, and considerable interest is manifested in the gatherings.
(Incorporated under the Unclassified Societies' Act, 1878). Officers for 1904–5: Messrs James Reid (president), Allan Hedley (honorary treasurer), and A. A. McKinnon (secretary). The society was originated in 1863, and the late Mr. Alexander McMaster was its first president. The showgrounds, which were granted by the Provincial Government of Otago, are six acres in extent, and front Arun, Wharfe and Hull Streets. The property is completely fenced with six feet galvanised iron, and a sum of £1700 has been expended in improvements, which include a grandstand to accommodate six hundred persons, buildings for the exhibition of produce, grain, etc., and a secretary's office—all of which are erected in stone, and were built in 1885. There was a debt of £1200 upon the society's property, but it now (1904) stands at £500. The spring show, which is held on the third Thursday and Friday in November, is largely attended. A ram fair is held in the month of March, and a horse parade in September. The value of the prizes distributed at the various shows amounts to about £350 a year. The society has a membership of about 240.
, President of the North Otago Agricultural and Pastoral Society, was born at Largs, Ayrshire, Scotland, in 1841. He was educated in his native place, and brought up to the business of a black-smith by his father, who was in that line of business, and was also a brother of Mr. Reid of the firm of Reid and Gray. Mr. Reid came to Port Chalmers in 1887 by the ship “Vicksburg.” and entered the employment of the firm of Reid and Gray, for whom he was manager in Oamaru for over twenty years. In 1898 he left the firm, and began business on his own account in premises between Tyne and Tees Streets. Mr. Reid has a large shop with two forges, and does a considerable trade. His private residence is in Humber Street. He has been connected with the North Otago Agricultural Society since the seventies, and served for many years on the committee before being elected to the office of president. He has also been a member of the Caledonian Society. As a Scottish volunteer, he served in the No. 4 Ayrshire Rifles for about ten years, and at the time of the Grand Review in 1860 was present as a bandsman. As a member of the Manchester Unity of Oddfellows, he has passed the chairs. Mr. Reid was married, on the 14th of September, 1871, to a daughter of the late Mr. James Woonton, of Oamaru, and has two sons and six daughters.
, Junior, of Papakaio, was for some time President of the North Otago Agricultural and Pastoral Association, and was President of the Oamaru Caledonian Society in 1897. He was born at Papakaio in 1868, is the only son of Mr. William Gardiner, of Island Cliff, Ngapara, and was from boyhood brought up to farming. Mr. Gardiner resides at the Grange, Papakaio, which originally consisted of 240 acres, purchased from the late Mr. Robert Stewart, but has been increased by the addition of 550 acres of first class land adjoining. As a breeder and exhibitor of draught stock, Mr. Gardiner has been very successful, and has won many prizes with his famous stallions, “Cedric the Saxon,” “Agitator” and “Sandy Erskine,” and also with the progeny of these noted sires. Mr. Gardiner has long taken an interest in agricultural and pastoral matters, and has been connected with the Agricultural and Pastoral Association for over ten years. He was married, in July, 1894, to the youngest daughter of the late Mr. John Nimmo, of West Taieri.
. Officers for 1903: Messrs St. John McLean Buckley (president), J. Macdonald, junior, and A. Potter (vice-presidents), A. A. McKinnon (treasurer), and R. L. Rule (secretary). This popular and successful institution dates back to 1868, and has all along been one of the “real live” organisations of Oamaru. Annual gatherings have been regularly held at New Year, usually on two consecutive days, and large sums have been distributed in prizes. All kinds of sports, games, pastimes, and feats of agility are encouraged, and the carnival finishes with a magnificent pyrotechnic display, the fireworks
, Secretary of the Oamaru Caledonian Society, was born in Cumberland, England. At the age of twelve he arrived in Port Chalmers with his parents, by the ship “Daniel Rankin,” and having completed his school course, was apprenticed as a printer on the “Oamaru Times,” of which he was afterwards for a time the principal proprietor as the largest shareholder in the firm of W. J. Steward and Co. He is a good marksman, and scored second for the Federal Belt at the New Zealand Rifle Association's meeting of 1896. Mr. Rule has long worked earnestly in the interests of the Caledonian Society. He has been its secretary since 1879, and, latterly, he has also been its handicapper.
was established in 1877, and has done good work in connection with the introduction of fish and birds into New Zealand. It has gardens adjoining the Oamaru Public Gardens; they cover between ten and twelve acres, and are under the charge of Mr. J. Thompson as curator. The income of the society is derived largely from fish licenses, and there is a membership of nearly one hundred. The fishing in the district is said to be the finest in the Colony; baskets of from sixty pounds to seventy pounds weight, one rod for one day, being common, and fish from one pound to twenty-two pounds. Every year the society sends home to the Fisheries Exhibition, Royal Aquarium, Westminster, boxes of fish from its different rivers, so that experts and others may see for themselves. The fish are sent home in solid ice, and the society re-stocks its rivers every year from its splendid hatcheries. Deer and other game abound in the district.
. This society was established in 1895, and holds two shows annually; the summer in December, and the autumn in March, of each year. A considerable sum of money is distributed in prizes on each occasion, and the shows attract visitors from all parts of the district.
dates from October, 1901. It is a strong company of forty-three members. Officers: Mr. St. J. Buckley, Chieftain; Mr. J. D. Bissett, Drum-Major; Mr. E. H. Jamieson, Pipe-Major; Mr. R. H. McPherson, Lieutenant; Mr. A. Aitken, Secretary; Mr. D. Gillies, Senior Sergeant; Mr. R. J. Meldrum, Pipe-Sergeant; and Mr. A. C. Buist, Sergeant. Since the establishment of the corps considerable sums of money have been raised, and £320 has been paid for pipes, besides £352 for uniforms. The pipes were imported from Mr. D. Thou, Dundee. The uniform worn by the Drum-Major cost £70, that of the Pipe-Major £30, and that of the Lieutenant £10. The finances of the corps are in a strong position, with a credit balance of nearly £300.
, of the North Otago Highland Pipe Band, was born in Leith, Scotland, in 1872, and was educated at Linlithgow and Oamaru. He accompanied his parents to Nelson in the ship “East Minster” in 1880. Mr. Jamieson learned his trade as a carpenter in Dunedin and joined the railway service in 1890. On resigning his position on the railway in 1903, he joined Mr. Alfred Smith in business, as builder and contractor. Mr. Jamieson is an enthusiast in pipe music, and served for three years in the Dunedin Pipe Band under Pipe-Major Gray. He is practically father of the North Otago Highland Pipe Band, and has brought it to its present excellent stage of efficiency. Mr. Jamieson served for three years in Dunedin in the Highland Rifles. He was married, in 1895, to a daughter of Mr. John Winton, Dunedin, one of the Philip Laing's passengers, and has one son and one daughter.
, Teacher of the Violin, Viola and Violincello, Waianawa, near Invercargill. Mr. Blue was born in Southland, in June, 1868, and there also he received his musical education. Subsequently he studied in Dunedin under Signor Squarise. He commenced his career as a teacher in Invercargill in 1892, and removed from that district in October, 1897. After a trip in search of health, Mr. Blue settled early in 1898 in Oamaru, where he acted as conductor of the Oamaru Amateur Operatic Society. During his residence in Invercargill, he was leader of the Orchestral Society, and took part generally in concerts and local entertainments. Mr. Blue is also a qualified teacher of the tonic sol-fa system. He is attached to the Manchester Unity Independent Order of Oddfellows, and was initiated in Lodge St. George in Invercargill. Mr. Blue was married, in 1896, to a daughter of Mr. Geddes, merchant tailor, of Invercargill, and has one daughter.
, Teacher of the Piano and of Singing, Fountain Lodge, Wharfe Street, Oamaru. This lady is the wife of Mr. Edward Collis, wine manufacturer. She was born in Glasgow, and afterwards studied under Herr Julius Seligman, gold medallist, and took lessons at Tamworth, England, from Mr. Grieve, organist of Lichfield Cathedral. She came out to Australia for reasons of health. For some years she was head teacher of the Ladies' Training College in Geelong, and she settled in Oamaru in 1880. A great many pupils have passed through her hands since she commenced to teach in 1885, and she has been successful in passing many pupils through Trinity College examinations.
, Teacher of Piano and Harmony, Reed Street, Oamaru. Miss Deihl was born at Otepopo, and was educated at the Oamaru Middle school. She commenced her musical studies in Oamaru, took lessons from Mr. A. J. Barth, in Dunedin, and began to teach music in Oamaru in 1893. Miss Deihl is secretary of the Oamaru branch for conducting examinations for Trinity College, London, and prepares pupils for the examinations. She has frequently taken part in concerts and public
, Member and Representative of the Tonic Solfa College; Organist and Choirmaster of the Columba Church, and Teacher of Piano and Singing, Wharfe Street, Oamaru. Mr. Fergusson was born in 1867 in Dundee, Scotland, where he was educated. In 1881 he arrived in Sydney, where he followed commercial pursuits for about four years. Having studied the Tonic Solfa system in Dundee under Mr. A. Adamson, and the organ under Mr. W. Richmond and Mr. J. K. Strachen (since known as “The Scotch Organist”). Mr. Fergasson continued his musical studies, especially voice culture and piano technique, in Sydney. He was appointed organist at St. David's Presbyterian Church at Ashfield. New South Wales, in 1886, and was very successful in training choruses for various musical festivals and concerts. Ill-health compelling him to relinquish teaching for a time, he travelled for two years, and in 1890 he arrived in Dunedin, where he soon became identified with musical matters. In the sight-singing contest of 1891, Mr. Fergusson was selected by Messrs. A. J. Barth and A. Brunton to act with them as judge. In this competition, only one candidate using the old notation reached the final stage, and at its conclusion the first five places were taken by Solfaists. From the end of 1893 till 1896 Mr. Fergusson was musical director of the Dunedin Burns' Club, and met with such success that the club's choir was repeatedly asked to go far afield and give performances. After leaving the Burns' Club he became a propagandist for the Tonic Solfa system, and instituted classes at Port Chalmers, Mornington, and Mosgiel; these classes have produced many candidates for certificates. Towards the end of the year 1900 Mr. Fergusson was invited to take charge of the musical portion of the services at Columba Presbyterian Church, Oamaru. He accepted the invitation, and has done such good work as choir trainer that the Columba choir now holds one of the first places in North Otago, and the musical service gives pleasure to all. Besides, it is largely due to Mr. Fergusson's zeal that a pipe organ was built in 1903 for Columba Church by Jones and Son, of London. Mr. Fergusson is always to the fore in any movement for the improvement of musical matters—a fact to which his frequent contributions to the local press bear unmistakeable witness—and his advice is keenly sought after on every hand. Great sympathy exists between him and his fellow-workers, whether professional or otherwise. Mr. Fergusson instituted the movement for the purchase of an organ for the Presbyterian Church at Mornington, of which he was organist and choirmaster. At Ashfield (New South Wales) he also secured a large amount of support to a propesal for the purchase of an organ for the church, but left Australia before the instrument arrived. Mr. Fergusson has received many presentations from pupils and friends, including a silver mounted and engraved baton at Ashfield, a purse ofsovereigns in Trentham, Victoria, and a substantial cheque by public subscription, as well as a purse from the Baptist choir, at Mosgiel in 1897.
, Piano and Musical Instrument and Music Dealer, Thames Street, Oamaru. Private residence, Aln Street, Mr. Meldrum established his business in 1892. His leading line is the agency for the well-known Dresden Piano Company, for which he has done considerable business. He is also agent for Boosey and Co.'s brass instruments, and keeps a general stock of musical instruments, and a large assortment of music. The premises occupied are on the ground floor of the building known as London House, and the rooms above are used as practice rooms by the Garrison Band and Highland Pipe Band, and also as music teaching rooms. Mr. Meldrum's business connection extends from Palmerston to Waimate. Mr. Meldrum was brought up to business in Oamaru, and is a member of the committee of the Oamaru Amateur Operatic Society.
(Archibald Frew and George Glen, proprietors), Thames Street, Oamaru. Telephone 25; P.O. Box 64; Bankers, Bank of New Zealand. Private residence, Mr. Frew, Avon Street; Mr. Glen, Test Street, This journal was founded under the name of the “Oamaru Times,” by Mr. Frank Pinkerton, in 1864. Several years later the paper was purchased by the Oamaru Times Company, and in 1870, Messrs W. J. Steward and Co. became proprietors and changed the and Co. became proprietors and changed the name to the present title. Messrs Frew and Glen, who were associated with Mr. Steward in the firm, became sole owners in 1884. The “North Otago Times” is a four page sheet of thirty-two columns. It is issued every morning, and circulates extensively in the districts lying between Waimate and the Horse Range. The paper is well supported. Politically, the “Times is opposed to the Seddon Government. The office of the paper is centrally situated in Thames Street, and the plant comprises a Northumbrian printing machine, two Platen machines, and full jobbing fonts.
was born in 1849, at Falkirk, Stirlingshire, Scotland, where he was educated. He arrived in Dunedin in 1862, by the ship “Chariot of Fame,” and was apprenticed at the “Otago Daily Times” office. In March, 1871, Mr. Frew came to Oamaru to the “Oamaru Times, and subsequently joined Messrs W. J. Steward and Co., in taking over the journal. He has acted as conductor of the Oamaru Band for several years, and was successful in carrying off a prize of £100 at the Dunedin and South Seas Exhibition of 1889–90, besides a third prize at Christchurch and a third prize at Queenstown. He has acted as choirmaster of St. Paul's Presbyterian church. Mr. Frew was married, in 1874, to a daughter of Mr. Thomas Lunnan, of Awamoko, and has two daughters.
was born in 1851 at Dunedin, where he was educated. He was apprenticed at the “Otago Daily Times” office, and came to Oamaru in 1872 to become a journeyman on the journal of which he soon afterwards became part owner. Mr. Glen was married, in 1875, to a daughter of Mr. J. G. Grey, of Milburn, and has three sons and three daughters.
(Hon. George Jones, M.L.C., proprietor, William Hood,
, Proprietor, is fully referred to elsewhere as a member of the Legislative Council.
, Manager of the ‘Oamaru Mail,’ was born in Northampton, England, in 1850. He came to Lyttelton by the ship “Waitara,” and after being engaged for five years in drapery houses in Christchurch, he joined his brother-in-law, the proprietor of the “Oamaru Mail,” and has been prominently connected with the journal for about twenty-five years. Mr. Hood has been a member of the Middle school committee since 1896. He was married, in 1877, at Timaru, to a daughter of the late Mr. George Jones, and has two sons and two daughters.
, for a number of years Sub-Editor of the “Oamaru Mail,” is the only son of Mrs. M. Z. Mitchell, well-known in the Colony as a prominent soloist. He was born in Oamaru in 1869 and educated in England at the Bradford Grammar school, and the Yorkshire Technical College. After being about twelve years in England, Mr. Mitchell returned to New Zealand in January, 1890. Soon afterwards he joined the staff of the “Oamaru Mail,” of which he became sub-editor in 1891. He took a general interest in local institutions, and served for seven years as a member of the Athenæum committee, of which he was president for one year. Mr. Mitchell was one of the founders of the Korero Savage Club. He has done literary work for a number of New Zealand weeklies, chiefly under the penname of “Hugh Bert.” Mr. Mitchell was married in March, 1892, to a daughter of Mr. L. Morton, of Dunedin and Oamaru, and has one son and one daughter. He has for a number of years been on the staff of the “Lyttelton Times,” Christchurch.
occupies a prominent position in Thames Street, Oamaru. The building is of Oamaru limestone, and is erected in the Corinthian style of architecture. In the centre of the building there is a large room, which is used for all the Courts—Supreme, District, and Magistrate's. The other apartments are the judge's room, the magistrate's room, the jury room, witnesses' waiting rooms, clerk of court's room, and the public offices. There is also a room set apart for a branch of the Dunedin Supreme Court Library, which numbers from 400 to 500 volumes. The courthouse was erected about 1882. Sittings of the Supreme Court are held twice a year for criminal and civil jurisdiction, and the District Court holds six sessions every year, dealing not only with civil but with bankruptcy business. Daily sittings of the Magistrate's Court are held for the discharge of criminal cases, and there are weekly sittings for civil business.
, District Court Judge in Otago, is the eldest son of Sir Henry George Ward, G.C.M.G., of Gilston Park, Herts, who died in the year 1860, as Governor of Madras. Mr. Ward was educated at Rugby and at Wadham College, Oxford. After studying law at the Inner Temple he was called to the Bar in 1853, and arrived in New Zealand on the 30th of September of the following year. He was returned to the House of Representatives for the Wellington country district in 1855, and on the 1st of June, 1857, he was appointed chairman of the Courts of Sessions of the Peace for the Province of Wellington, and presiding judge of the Magistrate's Courts for Hawke's Bay, Wairarapa and Wanganui. On the 1st of January, 1864, Mr. Ward was appointed Resident Magistrate at Wellington, and two years later he was made District Judge for Wellington, Wanganui, Marlborough and Hawke's Bay. In September, 1867, Judge Ward was appointed Acting Supreme Court Judge in Dunedin. His appointment as District Judge for Westland, Southland, and Otago dates from the 1st of June, 1869. Subsequently he was Acting Supreme Court Judge at Auckland in September, 1886, at Christchurch in September, 1887, and at Dunedin in March, 1894. His Honour declined a permanent appointment on the Supreme Court bench in June, 1896, and an Acting Supreme Court judgeship in the following year. Mr. Ward was married in 1851, but has no children. Mrs. Ward died on the 31st of May, 1896.
, Stipendiary Magistrate and Commissioner for the Oamaru District, which includes Waimate, Kurow, Hampden, Palmerston, and Waikouaiti, is also Warden for Ashburton and Livingstone, and Chairman of the Oamaru, Waitaki and Waikouaiti Licensing Committees, and of the Assessment Court. He was born in 1831 in Kent, England, was educated at Arno's Court, Somersetshire. In 1850 he joined the 16th Lancers as cornet, but after a short time left for the Australian Colonies. In 1853 he joined the Victorian Mounted Police, and rose to the rank of sub-inspector, when he paid a visit to Otago on leave, previous to the establishment of the gold escort service between Dunedin and Tuapoka. In 1862 Major Keddell settled in Otago and became coroner of the goldfields, with his
, Crown Prosecutor at Oamaru, for the districts of Timaru and Oamaru, was born in Dublin in 1850. He arrived in Auckland in the ship “Sir George Pollock,” and subsequently removed to Dunedin, where he was educated at Mr. J. H. Shaw's grammar school. He served his articles with the late Mr. B. C. Haggitt in Dunedin, and was the first solicitor admitted by Mr. Justice Williams in August, 1875. He is a member of the Masonic Order, and is attached to Lodge Waitaki, N.Z.C., of which he is a post master, and he holds rank in the Grand Lodge of New Zealand as past senior grand warden and past grand registrar. As a volunteer Mr. Creagh served in the Dunedin Naval Brigade from 1867 to 1875, and after settling in Oamaru he became captain of the I Battery. He is now captain of the Waitaki Mounted Rifles—a corps which was formed by him in August, 1901. Mr. Creagh has held the office of Crown Prosecutor since 1885, and was appointed a notary public in 1889. He was married in 1878 to a daughter of Captain W. Sewell, late harbourmaster at Oamaru, and has three sons and two daughters.
, Barrister and Solicitor, Tyne Street, Oamaru. Telephone 51. P.O. Box 10. Bankers, Trust Account, Bank of New South Wales; Business Account, National Bank of New Zealand, Ltd. Agents, John Wilkinson, Zealandia Chambers, Dowling Street, and W. D. Milne, High Street, Dunedin; C. Palairet, Christchurch; Messrs Yarde and Loader, 1 Raymond Buildings, Gray's Inn, W.C., London. Private residence, “Ardgowan,” midway between Oamaru and Weston. Mr. Crawford was born at “Corinella” Western-Port, Victoria, in 1860, and in a son of Captain James Field Crawford who arrived in in Lyttelton with his family in 1865, and after residing in Christchurch removed to Timaru as lessee and manager of the Timaru lightering service. He was educated, first, at Christchurch High school; then at Timaru public school and grammar school, and finally at the Oamaru District High school, which he left in December, 1876, to enter, under articles, the office of the Hon. T. W. Hislop. After serving articles for six years, and under-going examinations for barrister and solicitor, he was admitted by Mr. Justice Williams in 1882. Mr. Crawford was managing clerk for Messrs Hislop and Creagh till 1886, when he founded his practice in Oamaru. In 1887 he established a business on the Otago goldfields, and worked Central Otago from Naseby, where he and Mr. William Kerr opened an office in partnership, under the style of Crawford and Kerr. He disposed of his interest in that business in 1889 to Mr. Kerr, and retained the Oamaru practice. Mr. Crawford is solicitor to the Hampden Borough Council, the Pukeuri Dairy Factory Company, the Filleul trusts, the Anglican Church trustees, Dalzell's trustees, and other bodies, besides carrying on a practice over an area extending from Palmerston in Otago to Waimate in Canterbury, and embracing the Maerewhenua goldfields, Kurow, Hampden, and outlying districts. He also appears at Dunedin, where he takes his own Supreme Court work on both the civil and criminal sides of the Court. He acts as agent for the Imperial Fire Office, and he is an Oddfellow, attached to the Alfred Lodge, of which he is a past noble grand; he has been connected with the various athletic clubs in the district, and served for seven years as an efficient member of the I Battery New Zealand Regiment, Artillery Volunteers. Mr. Crawford was married, in 1888, at Wellington, to Jessie Borgue, second daughter of Mr. James Liddle, formerly of Bendigo, Victoria, and has two daughters and three sons.
(Arthur Gethin Creagh), Barristers and Solicitors, Tyne Street, Oamaru. Telephone 13. P.O. Box 46. Bankers, National Bank of New Zealand. Private residence, Wharfe Street. This well-known firm was established, in 1875, by the Hon. T. W. Hislop and the present proprietor. In 1891 Mr. Hislop retired, and since then the business has been conducted solely by Mr. Creagh. Messrs Hislop and Creagh are solicitors to the Borough Council, Harbour Board, Waitaki County Council, Hospital Trustees and the Waitaki High Schools Board. Mr. Creagh is referred to elsewhere as Crown Prosecutor for the district of Timaru and Oamaru, at Oamaru.
. (Ernest Page Lee and Albert Joseph Grave), Barristers and Solicitors, Oamaru.
, Barrister and Solicitor, Tyne Street, Oamaru Mr. Stratford-Henniker joined the service of the Otago Provincial Government in the Provincial Engineer's office at Dunedin, in 1862, and the General Government service in January, 1863. He has been Resident Magistrate at Wellington. Wairarapa, and Thames, and spent about twenty years in the same capacity on the Otago goldfields, and at Oamaru, whence he was transferred to the Grey-Buller district and subsequently at Lawrence and Balclutha, where he was Stipendiary Magistrate and Warden. He came to Otago from Australia about the time of the first “rush,” and brought over the brigantine “Marchioness.” During his early experience in New Zealand he studied law and was admitted to the Bar by Mr. Justice Williams in 1884. Mr. Stratford-Henniker was formerly in the Royal Navy and wears medals for services in the
(Heber Newton and Ivon Arnold Borton), Barristers and Solicitors, Tyno Street, Oamaru. Telephone, 58, P.O. Box, 25. Bankers, Bank of New Zealand. Private residence, Hull Street. Mr. Newton established his practice in Oamaru in 1877. In 1900 he admitted his son-in-law, Mr. J. A. Borton, into partnership, and the style of the firm is Newton and Borton. Mr. Newton was born at Kensington in 1844, and was educated principally at Prighton. He came to Lyttelton in the ship “Balaclava,” in 1863, was articled in Christchurch to Dr. C. J. Foster, LL.D., and was admitted a barrister in 1868, being the second candidate who at that time had passed the special barristers' examination. In the same year he established himself in Greymouth, where he remained till 1876. After a visit to England, which occupied a year, Mr. Newton returned to New Zealand, and settled at Oamaru. where he established his present practice. He is solicitor to the local branch of the Bank of New Zealand, Union Bank of Australia, Ltd., and the Bank of New South Wales; also to the New Zealand Loan and Mercantile Agency Company, New Zealand Insurance, Company, New Zealand Shipping Company, the North Otago Dairy Company, Dalgety and Co., and the North Otago Licensed Victuallers Association. Mr. Newton is also local solicitor to the Advances to Settlers office. He is a director of the member Caledonian Society, and has been a member of the committee of the Oamaru Lawn Tennis Club for ten years, and president of the Oamaru Football Club since 1893. Mr. Newton was married in 1867 to a daughter of the late Mr. Hillier, of Battersea, but in 1897 Mrs. Newton died, leaving him with one son and two daughters.
, Junior Partner of the firm of Newton and Borton, was born in 1871, at Oamaru, and was educated at Christ's College, Christchurch, and at King Edward's School, Bromsrove, England. After managing the Maerewhenua estate near Duntroom for a few years, Mr. Borton Studied law in Dunedin, from 1897 to 1899, and was admitted as a solicitor in the latter year. Mr. Borton was married, in 1898, to a daughter of Mr. Heber Newton, of Oamaru.
, Barrister and Solicitor, Thames Street, Oamaru. Mr. O'Meagher was born in the County of Tipperary. Ireland, in March, 1834. He studied law in Melbourne, Victoria, and came to Otago in March, 1862. Two years later he was admitted to the Bar in Dunedin, and after six months in that city removed to Oamaru, where he practised till December, 1885. For nine years subsequently he was in Auckland, and for three years later in Paeroa, whence he returned to Auckland, from which he removed to Oamaru in November, 1901.
, M.A. (Edin.) M.B.C.M. (Edin.), Physician and Surgeon, Reed Street, Oamaru. Telephone, 7. Bankers, Bank of New South Wales. Dr. Douglas was born at Walker-on-Tyne in the North of England, and was educated in Edinburgh. He gained his M.A. degree at the Edinburgh University in 1888, and having studied medicine, he took his medical degrees in 1892, in which year he arrived in Wellington, by the s.s. “Tainui.” Till 1896 he assisted Dr. W. H. Hosking, of Masterton, in his practice. In that year Dr. Douglas went to England to specially study diseases of the eye, etc., and on his return he settled in Oamaru and established his present practice. Dr. Douglas was married in 1898 to a daughter of the late Mr. J. Wallace Murdoch, Resident Magistrate, of Waikouiti.
, M.B., B.Ch., M.R.C.S. (Eng), L.R.C.P. (London), Physician and Surgeon, Eden Street, Oamaru. Telephone, 88. Bankers, Bank of New South Wales. Dr. McAdam was born in Glasgow, Scotland, in 1870. He was educated in Dunedin, where he arrived with his parents in 1879, and studied for his profession in the same city, where he gained his degrees of M.B. and B.Ch. at the New Zealand University, in 1892. Dr. McAdam was resident surgeon at the Dunedin Hospital for two years, went to London in 1896, and took his degrees in the same year. On returning to the Colony early in 1897 Dr. McAdam settled in Oamaru, and established his present practice.
, Dental Surgeon, Thames Street, Oamaru. Telephone, 82. Bankers, Bank of New South Wales. Consulting hours, 9.30 a.m. to 5 p.m. and to 1 p.m. on Thursday. Private residence, Newborough. Mr. Armstrong is the second son of Captain F. G. Armstrong, of Auckland, where he was born in 1871. He was educated at the Auckland College and Grammar School, and was apprenticed to Mr. A. L. Smith, dentist; afterwards he was successively employed by Mr. G. Cox, of Timaru, and the late Mr. W. H. Skeet, of Auckland. Mr. Armstrong in a dentist by examination, and was registered in August, 1891. He established himselt at Oamaru in 1893. He rooms are on the first floor of the building occupied by Messrs G. and T. Young, watchmakers and jewellers, and comprise a waiting room for patients, two surgeries and a laboratory. Mr. Armstrong has the latest appliances for administering gas and a complete plant for carrying on his profession.
, Surgeon and Mechanical Dentist, Waitaki Buildings, Thames Street, Oamaru Telephone 75. Bankers, National Bank of New Zealand. Private residence, Till Street. Consulting hours, 9.30 a.m. to 5 p.m., and to 1 p.m. on Thursday. Mr. Jennings occupies a suite of rooms, including two waiting-rooms and a large workshop, on the first floor of the Waitaki buildings. He has the most modern appliances for the conduct of his professional work, and can execute all classes of mechanical dentistry, in connection with which he is assisted by a skilled mechanic. Mr. Jennings was born at Bromley by Bow, London, in 1844, and arrived in Nelson with his parents, by the ship “Mary,” in 1849. For many years Mr. Jennings was engaged in Nelson in agricultural pursuits and as an assessor under the Land and Ranting Acts, and was for twelve years a commission agent and accountant in Invercargill. He afterwards studied dentistry, and passed his examination in 1894, and was registered as a qualified dentist. He was engaged professionally in Invercargill for a few months, and made, a tour of the Colony before deciding to
(John Swindley and Robert William Swindley). Surgeon Dentists, National Bank Chambers, Thames Street, Oamaru. Telephone 149. Private residence, Wharfe Street. Branches at Timaru and Dunedin. The surgery is fitted with all the latest and most up-to-date appliances. Every known system of English and American dentistry is practised; the fees are moderate; and all work is guaranteed.
, Chemist and Druggist, Waitaki Pharmacy, Thames Street, Oamaru. This business was established in 1903, and a general up-to-date stock of drugs and druggists' sundries is maintained. Mr. Morris, who is a son of Colonel Morris, a retired Indian officer, now of Dunedin, was born at tea in 1862. He was educated at the Ootacamund Grammar School, India, studied for his profession and passed his examination in Dunedin. Mr. Morris is captain of the Duntroon Rifles and Oamaru Royal Cadets, and as a Freemason, he is attached to Lodges Ngapara. No. 68, and Waitaki, No. 11, New Zealand Constitution. Mr. Morris was married, in 1885, to a daughter of Mr. George Tuke, late civil engineer, in India and has three sons and one daughter.
, Pharmaceutical Chemist, Medical Hall, Itchen Street, Oamaru. Telephone 37. P.O. Box 7. Bankers. Bank of New Zealand. Private residence, Wharfe Street. This business, which is one of the oldest in Oamaru, was established about 1870 by Mr. H. H. Coggins, and was subsequently conducted by Mr. J. R. Hayne till 1884, when it was bought by the present proprietor, who conducted it for some time under the style of Dodds and Co. The premises, which adjoin the Star and Garter Hotel, now consist of a stone building erected on freehold land. The shop is excellently appointed with glass show-cases and handsome mirrors, and contains a large and well-assorted stock of toilet requisites, patent medicines, and other classes of goods maintained in a first-class business. Mr. Procter is proprietor of Dr. Mantell's Cough Syrup, Dr W. R. Hayne's celebrated Indigestion Mixture, Effervescing Fruit Saline, White Pine Emulsion of Cod Liver Oil With Hypophosphites and Creasote, also Healing Oil for horses. Mr. Procter has a family and dispensing business. He was born in 1865 in Dunedin, where he was educated and commenced to gain experience in the drug business with Mr. T. M. Wilkinson, and afterwards served an apprenticeship to Mr. J. R. Hayne in Oamaru. When the latter gentleman left the business Mr. Procter became its purchaser. He is a member of the Loyal Oamaru Lodge of Oddfellows, M.U.I.O.O.F., and of Lodge Alfred, I.O.O.F., and also of Lodge Oamaru Kilwinning, No. 82, New Zealand Constitution. Mr. Procter has for many years been a director of the Oamaru Caledonian Society, and was president in 1896–7. He has long been connected with the Phœnix Bowling Club, of which he has been president, secretary, and treasurer. Mr. Procter was married in April, 1893, to the daughter of Mr. Thomas Fairley, of Oamaru.
, Registered Pharmaceutical Chemist and Druggist, Thames Street, Oamaru (also by special appointment to His Excellency the Governor of New Zealand). Telephone, 52. P.O. Box, 128. Bankers, Bank of New South Wales. Private residence, Thames Street North. Mr. Sewell established his business in 1882, in a shop in Tees Street. The building now occupied is erected in Totara Tree stone, and
at Oamaru was opened in Tyne Street in 1876, and the fine building now occupied in Thames Street was erected in 1890. It is considered one of the finest of the Bank's New Zealand offices, and consists of a two-storey stone building, with a basemont, and in a handsome design. The branch is the only one of the Bank between Timaru and Dunedin. Mr. William Pringle, the manager, was born near Edinburgh, in Scotland. He came to New Zealand in 1864, and joined the Dunedin branch of the Bank shortly afterwards. Mr. Pringle served in various parts of New Zealand before his appointment to Oamaru, in 1902.
, has its Oamaru branch in Tyne Street—manager, Mr W. D. W. Edmondson—and has been represented in North Otago since 1873. The nearest branch to the north is at Waimate, and to the south, at Dunedin.
at Oamaru dates from the sixties. It occupies a portion of a two-storey building at the corner of Thames and Itchen Streets; other parts of the building being occupied by the New Zealand and South British Insurance Companies, and by the New Zealand and Union Shipping Companies. This branch of the Bank of New Zealand is the only one between Waimate in South Canterbury and Palmerston in Otago. Mr. Walter Moreton Hindmarsh, the manager, joined the Bank at Greymouth in 1879. After occupying numerous positions in various parts of the colony, he was appointed to Oamaru in September, 1302.
, has its Oamaru branch in Thames Street. The building was erected in 1868 for the Bank of Otago, and is a stone building of two stories, and a basement. The manager. Mr. Willoughby Crichton McDougall, was born in 1852, in New South Wales. He joined the Bank of Otago in Dunedin, in 1870, and continued in its service till the National Bank took over the business. Mr. McDougall has been manager at Oamaru since 1881.
, Oamaru Branch, Itchen Street, Oamaru. Mr. J. B. Grave, manager. P.O. Box, 92. Bankers, Bank of New Zealand. The Oamaru office of the pioneer insurance company in New Zealand was established many years ago; the district controlled from Oamaru, includes the country lying between the Waitaki river and the Horse Range, and there are nine or ten sub-agents under the control of the local manager.
, Manager of the New Zealand Insurance Company, was born at Oamaru in 1868, and educated at the North school. He entered the service of the company as a junior in January, 1883, and was promoted in October, 1892, to the position he now holds. Mr. Grave is also local agent for the New Zealand Accident Insurance Company and for the Colonial Mutual Life Association. He takes an interest in the Caledonian Society, with which he has long been connected, and of which he has been a director. Mr. Grave was for nine years a member of the I Battery of Artillery, New Zealand Volunteers.
. Oamaru Branch, Thames Street, Oamaru. Telephone, 33. P.O. Box, 71. Bankers, Bank of New Zealand. The local office of this well known company is in a portion of the Bank of New Zealand building, on the
, the Agent of the South British Insurance Company in Oamaru, was born in Oamaru in 1861. He was educated at the Oamaru Grammar School, and entered the service of the company as a junior in 1881, and was appointed local agent on the 1st of February, 1886. Mr. Roxby is connected with the North Otago Golf Club, of which he is honorary secretary.
(Oamaru Branch), Thames Street, Oamaru. This office is in a portion of the old post office building, and the district controlled from Oamaru extends from Waitaki to Palmerston, there being several sub-agents. Mr. A. W. G. Burnes is the resident agent.
, Chief Clerk in the Government Insurance Department. Dunedin, was born at Seacombe, near Birkenhead, England, in 1856, and was educated at Victoria College, Jersey. Hearrived in Wellington by the ship “Maraval,” in 1880, joined the Government Life Insurance Department as clerk in 1884, and was appointed to the charge of the Oamaru district in November, 1888. In May, 1902, Mr. Pinel was appointed Chief Clerk of the Dunedin district office.
, Commission Agent, Tyne Street, Oamaru. P.O. Box, 132. Telephone, 41. Bankers, National Bank of New Zealand. Private residence, “Waitoa,” Deborah. Mr. Cooke's business was established in 1891, and the premises consist of a two-storied building in Oamaru stone, erected on a Harbour Board leaschold. The private and public offices are on the ground floor to the front, and the machinery store and show-room are at the back. The leading lines of Mr. Cooke's business are the agencies of the Massey-Harris Harvesting Company, P. and O. Steamship Co., Marshall and Sons threshing machines, Booth, Macdonald and Co.'s machinery and the Phoenix Fire Insurance Company. Mr. Cooke also holds office as Deputy Official Assignee in bankruptcy, and is acting agent for the Public Trustee. He is vice-president of the Oamaru Cricket Club, of the Oamaru Gymnasium Club, and of the Hill Tennis Club.
, Land, Estate, Commission and Insurance Agent, Tea Merchant, Tyne Street, Oamaru. P.O. Box, 27. Bankers, National Bank of New Zealand, Ltd. This business was established by the proprietor in the year 1878, and since then he has been well-known in Oamaru. Mr. Dennison does business in the celebrated “Pahar” brand of Indian teas, and considering the short time the line has been introduced the sales have been very large. For several years he was local representative of the Hanseatic Fire Office, and also for the Mutual Life Association. He now represents the Liverpool and London and Globe Insurance Company, is honorary agent for the Otago Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals, and member of the Oamaru Licensing Committee. During the continuance of the New Zealand Creditors' Association, Mr. Dennison was the Oamaru representative. He is the Oamaru agent for the Cyclopedia of New Zealand, and is referred to elsewhere as a former member of the Oamaru Harbour Board.
, Anctioneers and Commission Agents, Tyne Street, Oamaru. Telephone, 10. P.O. Box, 42. Bankers, Bank of New Zealand. This business was established by the present firm in 1868, in a stone and iron building, which is erected on freehold land.
, Auctioneer and Commission Agent, Wear Street, Oamaru; private residence, Reed and Nen Streets. Mr. Jardine was born in Strathavon, Scotland, in 1865, and accompanied his parents to Port Chalmers in the ship “William Davie,” which arrived on the 1st of November, 1867. His parents settled in the Oamaru district, and he was educated at Awamoko, and at the North School, Oamaru. He was brought up to country life at Awamoko, by his uncles, with whom he resided for about eight years. On removing to Oamaru Mr. Jardine entered the service of the New Zealand Refrigerating Company, and was employed by it for thirteen years. He left the company's service to commence business as a coal merchant, in conjunction with Mr. A. Watson, under the style of Jardine and Watson. This was in May, 1898. Nine months later Mr. Watson retired from the business, which Mr. Jardine afterwards conducted on his own account till he sold out to Messrs Manley and Son, in December, 1903, and then he started business as an auctioneer and commission agent. As a Forester he is attached to the Court Pride of Oamaru, and is a Past Chief Ranger of the Order. Mr. Jardine is also a member of the Oamaru Caledonian Society. He was married, on the 26th of March, 1890, to a daughter of Mr. Daniel Roxburgh, of Oamaru, and has two sons and one daughter.
, Land and Estate Agent, Tyne Street, Oamaru. Bankers, National Bank of New Zealand. Private residence, “Elvington,” Awamoa. Mr. Maude was born in 1837 in London, but, leaving that city in infancy, was bred and brought up in Yorkshire, in consequence of his father (the Rev. Thomas Maude, M A) having been presented to the living of Elvington in that couanty. He was educated at Rossall school near Fleetwood, in Lancashire, and was intended for the army, but came to New South Wales in 1856. Owing to an accident he returned to England in the following year, and remained for nine years, but came out to New Zealand in 1866, by the ship “Stornoway.” Shortly afterwards Mr. Maude settled in Oamaru, and purchased land in the disfrict. About two years later he sold his interest, and established himself as a stock and station agent, and conducted a very large business for about twenty years. He was subsequently for about three years assistant manager of the New Zealand Loan and Mercantile Agency Company, after which he established his present business. Mr. Maude has been a trustee of the Oamaru Racecourse Reserve since 1878, and has acted as secretary
, Share-broker, Financial, Estate and Commission Agent, Tyne Street, Oamaru. P.O. Box 51. Bankers, National Bank of New Zealand. Private residence, Lune Street. This business was established in 1891. Mr. Montagu is further referred to elsewhere as a former trustee of the Oamaru Hospital.
, Auctioneer, Oamaru, Mr. Muir was born at Taieri, Otago, in 1867, and educated at the North ‘I’aieri school. He was brought up on his father's farm, and afterwards farmed on his own account for about four years. For seven years subsequently, Mr. Muir was sheep dealing in Otago, but gave up his business to accept the position of traveller in the Taieri country for Messrs Dalgety and Co. After two years he was transferred to the Oamaru branch, and in October, 1900, became auctioneer to the firm. As a Freemason Mr. Muir is attached to Lodge Oamaru Kilwinning, and is also a member of the Mosgiel Ledge of Oddfellows, Manchester Unity. He was married, in June, 1900, to a daughter of Mr. John Alexander Duff, of Island Cliff, and has one daughter and one son.
, Auctioneer, Oamaru. Mr. Macdonald was born at Whare Flat, Dunedin, in 1867. He attended school in his native place, and was brought up to country life in Otago. For about five years he was engaged in sheep farming at Hakataramea, and in January, 1897, joined the National Mortgage Agency Company, and became its auctioneer two years later. As a volunteer, Mr. Macdonald was a member of the Waikare R fles, and after joining that corps, served in the Waitaki Mounted Rifles.
, Oamaru, Mr. Williamson was born at Clockheaton, York-shire, England, in 1850, educated at Knares-borongh Grammar School, and was brought up to mercantile life in England, In 1876 he sailed for Port Chalmers in the ship “Wild Deer,” and settled in the Oamaru district, where he accepted employment in the store of Mr. A. J. Headland, whose accountant he has been for many years. In the early days Mr. Williamson was a member of the Alfred Lodge, Independent Order of Oddfellows, and was for several years a member of the Oamaru South School committee, of which he was for some time chairman, He was married, in 1877, to a daughter of the late Mr. W. G. Bright, of Invercargill, and has five sons and two daughters.
, Architeet, Tyne Street, Oamaru. P.O. Box, 59. Private residence, Wharfo Street. This business was founded about 1872 by Mr. Thomas Forrester (father of Mr. J. M. Forrester) and Mr John Lemon, under the style of Forrester and Lemon, and was taken over by its present owner in 1890. A large number of important buildings were designed and erected under
(Robert Mahan and Frederick Bailey Muir), Photographers, Thames Street, Oamaru, There is a branch at Timaru, where Mr. Muir, who joined the firm in 1903, is in charge, Mr. Mahan, who founded the business, still has the active management in Oamaru, where he established himself a good many years ago. He is referred to elsewhere in this volume in connection with the volunteers and the Oamaru Borough Council, of which he is a member.
, Wholesale and Retail Confectioner, Thames Street, Oamaru, This business, which was established in 1899, is conducted in a stone building consisting of shop and factory. There is a complete modern plant for manufacturing all kinds of sweetmeats, and customers are supplied throughout the country districts.
, the Proprietor, was born in 1871, in Dunedin, where he attended school and served an eight years' apprenticeship with Mr. Rice. He subsequently gained further experience with other firms in Dunedin and Christchurch before founding his present business in 1899. Mr. Chilcott is a member of the local lodge of Druids. He was married in February, 1895, to a daughter of Mr. James Tait, of Dunedin, and has two sons and two daughters.
, Baker and Confectioner, Thames and Coquet Streets, Oamaru. The retail shop in connection with this business is situated in Thames Stroet, and the bakery, together with the stables, in Coquet Street. The proprietor has long been known in connection with business circles in Oamaru, first as senior partner of the firm of Irvine and Meldrum, and afterwards as Irvine and Hamilton, The business was established in 1880, and Mr. Irvine has conducted it by himself since 1889. He was born, in 1854, at Glenlyon, Scotland, where he was educated; arrived in New Zealand in 1879 by the s.s. “Rotomahana,” and soon afterwards settled in the Oamaru district. Mr. Irvine was for two years a member of the Middle School committee. He is a Freemason and belongs to Lodge Waitaki, of which he was master, and has passed through all the chairs in connection with the Oamaru Oddfellows' Lodge, Manchester Unity. Mr. Irvino was married, in 1878, to a daughter of Mr. Ralston, of Glasgow, and has two daughters.
, Baker, Usk Street, Oamaru. Mr. Meldrum has been in business in Oamaru since 1879. His premises, which are erected on a quarter-acre freehold section, comprise a shop and bakehouse, and a convenient six-roomed residence, all in Oamaru stone, with suitable out-buildings, including a stable. He conducts a considerable local trade in bread and biscuits. Mr. Meldrum was bora in 1842, in New Deer, Aberdeenshire, Scotland, and served his apprenticeship in Frserborough. In 1874 he arrived in Port Chalmers, by the ship “Invercargill,” and came direct to Oamaru, where he worked at his trade for five years till he established his present business. He has shown his interest in educational matters by acting for about thirteen years as a member of the North school committee, and holds office as one of the managers of St. Paul's Presbyterian Church. Mr. Meldrum was married in 1865 to a daughter of Mr. W. Davidson, Mill of Aden, Old Deer, Aberdeenshire, and has six sons and four daughters.
, Manufacturer of Wines, Fountain Lodge, Wharfe Street, Oamaru, Mr. Collis was born at Ealing, near London, in 1835, was educated in the Channel Islands, and came to Port Chalmers in 1859, by the ship “St. Sebastian.” After a short sojourn in Waimate, he settled in Oamaru, where he has since resided continuously, except for a brief period on the goldfields. In 1862 Mr. Collis established himself in business as a merchant, and had a free and bonded warehouse for about sixteen years, He started the wine induatry in 1890, and has been successful in gaining medals and diplomas, including a silver medal at the Dunedin Jubilee Exhibition in 1898. Among the brands of wine manufactured at Fountain Lodge are port, plum, Orleans, damson, gooseberry, ginger, Reisling, Frontignac, magnum bonum, greengage, apple, apricot and elderberry. Mr. Collis has acted as a member of the committee of the Benevolent Institution, and has also been on various road boards. He was married, in 1883, to a daughter of the late Mr. George Clarke, of Glargow.
, Builder and Contractor, Wharfe Street, Oamaru, Mr. Baudinit was born in Tasmania, in 1837, In 1859 he removed to Dunedin, where he spent a year, and arrived in Oamaru on the 20th of November, 1860, He gained his experience as a builder in New Zealand, and has worked on his own account since settling in North Otago. The first engine shed on the railway at Oamaru was erected by him, and he has put up a large number of cottages and houses in the borough. Mr. Baudinit served for about four years on the Town Board that preceded the incorporation of the borough, and for a short time he was a member of the Council, He was married, in 1873, to a daughter of the late Mr. John Falconer, formerly of Edinburgh, and at one time Mayor of Oamaru, and has four sons and four daughters.
, Builder and Contractor, Rother Street, Oamaru, Mr. Bennett was born in the parish of St. Veigieans, Forfarshire, Scotland, and arrived in New Zealand in the early seventies, After a stay in Dunedin he finally settled in Oamaru. Mr. Bennett was married, on the 10th of August, 1877, to a daughter of the late Mr. John Tinline, of Bowden, Roxburgh, Scotland, and has two sons and one daughter.
, Monumental Mason, Test and Greta Streets, Oamaru, This business was established in 1890, and the premises consist of the yard and residence opposite the cemetery. Mr. Crombie was born in 1861, in Ayrshire, Scotland, where he was educated, He arrived at Port Chalmers by the ship “Auckland” in 1878, and learned his trade at Oamaru, Subsequently he gained three years' experience in Melbourne, and in 1887 returned to Oamaru, where, after further experience, he founded his present business. Mr. Crombie is a member of Court Pride of Oamaru, Ancient Order of Foresters, He was married, in 1884, to a daughter of Mr. J. Leishona, of Dunedin, and has two sons and two daughters.
, Builder and Contractor, Aln Street, Oamaru. This business dates from 1883, and since then the proprietor has erected a large number of buildings in various parts of the surrounding districts, as well as in Oamaru. The Stud-holme Junction Hotel, the National Bank at Kurow, the Timaru railway station and engine sheds, and many other public and private buildings have been built by Mr. Gillies. He has also done a considerable amount of bridge work, including the Maheno bridge over Island Stream, the iron bridge over the Kakanui river at Maheno, and the Kakanui bridge at the mouth of that river. Mr. Gillies was born in the Highlands of Scotland, in 1851, and served his time as a joiner and wheelwright under Mr. Andrew Logan, of Eglinton Street, Glasgow, For several years sbsequently Mr. Gillies was foreman to the firm of R. Mitchell and Sons, Glasgow. He arrived in Port Chalmers by the ship “Nelson” (Captain Anderson) in 1874, and found employment in wheelwright work under Mr. John Russell, of Maheno, In June, 1875, he removed to Oamaru, and found employment at his trade for a few years, until he commenced on his own account. As a volunteer Mr. Gillies served in Glasgow for some time and became a good shot; he was also attached to the Order of Oddfellows in Scotland. Mr. Gillies was married, in 1874, to a daughter of the late Mr. William Bailey, of Denny Mills, Stirlingshire, Scotland, and has four sons and three daughters.
, Builder and Contractor, Oamaru, P.O. Box 122. Mr. Harris is a native of Smethwick, near Birmingham, Staffordshire, England, and was born in 1844. He attended school and learned his trade in Birmingham, and after ten yearn removed to Leicester, where he worked at his trade as foreman of a large shop. In 1878 Mr. Harris arrived in Port Chalmers by the ship “Auckland,” and settled in Oamaru, where he entered business as a builder and contractor, He has erected a considerable number of school buildings for the Otago Education Board, completed additions to the Oamaru Hospital, and put up the handsome new building for the Girls' High School. Mr. Harris was married, in 1808, in Kidderminster, to a daughter of the late Mr. James Dovey, and has two sons and three daughters.
, Builder and Contractor, Hull Street, Oamaru, This business was established in 1893, and the proprietor has erected a considerable number of buildings in North Otago, including the residence of Messrs R. P. Hay, and M. McFadgen, Oamaru, the homesteads of Messrs P. Blackler and M. Don, of Waikakahi, and of Messrs Dovey and R. Sutherland, of Maerewhenua, and many others. He was born in Helensburgh, Dumbartonshire, Scotland, in June, 1862, and arrived with his parents at the Bluff in the ship “Robert Henderson,” during the same year. After three years in Invercargill, the family removed to Oamaru, where the subject of this notice attended school, and subsequently learned his trade, In 1882 he went to Melbourne and found employment as a journeyman, and afterwards had several years of experience in contractors' work, before establishing himself in Oamaru. Mr. King was married, on the 8th of February, 1888. to a daughter of the late Mr. Edward Parker, of Bendigo, Victoria, and has five sons and three daughters.
, Builder and Contractor, Torridge Street, Oamaru. This business was established in 1873, and has been continuously conducted by the proprietor up to the present time. Mr. Sidon has erected a large number of public and private buildings in and around the district, such as the Waitaki Boys' High School, the
, Builder, Oamaru. Mr. Sinclair was born in Oamaru, in 1869, and educated at the North School, He learned his trade in his native place, and worked as a joiner till founding his present business in 1895. Mr. Sinclair has built a large number of houses in town and country. Recently he completed additions, consisting of a very handsome show-room and offices, to the premises of Messrs J. Bullied and Company, and also the Corporation abattoirs at Eveline, near Oamaru.
(Alfred Smith and — Jamieson), Builders and Contractors, Severn Street, Oamaru, This firm carries on business in Severn Street, in premises next to Ireland and Co.'s flour mill. One of its recent contracts consisted in extensive alterations to the old theatre, so as to make the building suitable for the business of the North Otago Farmers' Co-operative Association, Limited, This work cost over £1200.
, the Senior Partner, arrived at Port Chalmers on the 18th of October, 1876, by the ship “Timaru” (Captain Taylor), Settling in Oamaru, he worked as a joiner for a time, but entered into business on his own account in 1878, and since then he has erected many shops and residences in Oamaru, He has been connected with the volunteer movement since 1892, and is referred to in another article as Quartermaster-Sergeant of No. 3 Battalion. Mr. Smith is a member of the Protestant Alliance Friendly Society. He was married, in 1872, to a daughter of the late Mr. Isaac Eldson, of Spennymoor, Durham, England, and has three daughters and one son.
, Builder and Contractor, Usk Street, Oamaru, This business was established in 1879, and has its domicile in Usk Street, where the proprietor has half an acre of land, a house and two shops. Mr. Tait was the contractor for the Globe Hotel., and built Mr. J. Bullied's fine residence, besides many other places in town and country. He was born in 1851, in Midlothian, Scotland, and was educated at Mid-Calder, where he learned his trade under his father, who was a builder for almost half a century. Altogether he served an apprenticeship of seven years, and had three years' experience in Edinburgh. In 1874 Mr. Tait arrived in Port Chalmers by the ship “Auckland,” and after eighteen months removed to Tapanui In 1877 he came to Oamaru, and after being for eighteen months with Mr. Sidon, he started on his own account, and conducted his business for about five years. He then joined with Mr. J. Rosie, under the style of Rosie and Tait, and the partnership continued for ten years. Since its dissolution, Mr. Tait has conducted business on his own account. As a volunteer he served for two years in the Linlithgow Rifles in Midlothian. As a Freemason Mr. Tait was initiated in Lodge St. John Mid-Calder, 272, S.C., but he is unattached in New Zealand, He is a director of the Oamaru Caledonian Society, As a builder he has erected many schools for the Education Board. Mr. Tait was married, in 1831, to a daughter of the late Mr. Charles Hunter, of Glasgow, and has one son and two daughters. Mrs Tait was born at Moffatt, Scotland.
. Head Office, Coquet Street, Oamaru. Factory, Severn Street. Creameries at Waiareka, Enfield, Windsor, Ngapara, Kurow, Duntroon, Awakino, Pukeuri, Redcliff, Morven, Studholme, Kapua, Waituna, and Waimate, Directors: Messrs J. Cagney (chairman), J. Breen, J. Mitchell, J. Corcoran, A. Bell, J. T. Oakden, S. C. Watson, and A. Don, Mr. C. W. Cooke is secretary, This company was incorporated in September, 1900, to take over the business of the Pukeuri Dairy Company, which was carrying on the business of cheese making, The new company devotes its attention to the manufacture of butter, and its output for the height of the season of 1903 was at the rate of ten tons weekly.
, is situated in Severn Street, Oamaru. It is a stone building, divided into several rooms for the various departments of the business. The engine room contains a steam engine and boiler, a Pelton water wheel of 20-horse power, and also a three-ton Humber and Son's freezer. The factory has a separator capable of treating 520 gallons per hour. In addition to a churning plant and a full plant for treating and weighing the butter, there are chilling and freezing rooms connected with the establishment. Large quantities of cream from the company's creameries in various parts of the district are received daily, and there is a corresponding out-put of butter.
, General Manager of the North Otago Dairy Company, Limited, was born at Seacliff, Otago, in 1873, After completing his school course he commenoed his experience in the dairy business. For two seasons he was at the Omimi Cheese Factory, and on removing to the Oamaru district he became manager of the Pukeuri Cheese Factory, where he remained for six years. On the formation of the North Otago Dairy Company, which purchased the Pukeuri factory, Mr. Guild was appointed general manager, and has had, from the first, the organisation of the work in connection with the creameries and the central factory. Mr. Guild was married, in 1896, to a daughter of Mr. Alex. Isdale, of Weston, and has two sons.
, House Decorator, Tyne Street, Oamaru, Bankers, National Bank of New Zealand. Private residence, Waiareka Valley. This business was established by the proprietor in 1892, in leasehold premises, consisting of a one-storey building in Oamaru stone, with an office and showroom in the front, and a large store in the rear. Mr. Avery undertakes house decorating and furnishing of all doscriptions, and does a very large amount of work in the district. A first-class staff of workers is employed from time to time. Mr. Avery was born in Christchurch in 1868, and educated in the Collegiate Boarding School, Dunedin, where he learned his trade. He settled in Oamaru in 1880, has held office as a Justica of the Peace since 1895, and has been connected with the local Caledonian Society as a director. For some time he was also president of the Shearers' and Employers' Union. Mr. Avery has a farm of 212 acres at Waiareka Valley, where he resides and has made a special study of the various methods of destroying that noxious weed, the Californian thistle. He has spent a considerable sum of money in his treatment, and has been successful in its eradication. H.s method of procedure is to keep the thistle close cut below the surface, a process which will in course of time eradicate it entirely, Mr. Avery was married, in 1886, to a daughter of Mr. W. Forrester, postmaster of Weston, and has three sons and two daughters.
, Paperhanger, Painter and Decorator, Tees Street, Oamaru, Mr. Kear's business dates from 1893, when he started work on his own account at his private residence. Four years later he removed to Tees Street, and has occupied the present commodious premises since beginning in 1901. The building is of stone, and has three stories and a basement, the latter being used as a workroom. The shop fronts Tees Street, and has a double front with a show room and store room at the back;
, Decorator, Painter and Paperhanger, Thames Street, Oamaru, This business is conducted in a two-storey stone building, which stands on part of one-eighth of an acre of land. Mr. Kennedy has two shops, one of which is let with a large hall and office on the first floor. His shop contains a very valuable stock, and he has large storage and workrooms behind. As a decorator, Mr. Kennedy has had contracts for many important buildings in the district, such as the Boys' High School, the Bank of New Zealand, the National Bank, courthouse, theatre, the residencea of Messrs J. and J. T. Reid, and of Mr. J. S. Holmes, of Awamoa, besides many others. Mr. Kennedy was born on the 25th of May, 1846, at Paisley, Scotland, When he was nine years of age the family removed to Helensburgh, where he continued till he was eighteen. He learned his trade in the Old Country, and came to Port Chalmers by the ship “City of Dunedin” in 1863, Mr. Kennedy found employment in Dunedin till settling in Oamaru, where he established his present business in 1871, He served for four years as a member of the Borough Council, and has for many years been one of the committee of the Benevolent Society, As a Freemason he is attached to Lodge Oamaru Kilwinning, of which he is a Past Master, Mr. Kennedy was married, in 1875, to a daughter of the late Mr. Andrew Riddell, of Ayrshire, and has two sons and one daughter.
(Robert Brown), Drapers, Clothiers, Mercers and General Merchants, the Polytechnic, Thames Street, Oamaru, Bankers, National Bank of New Zealand, Private residence, Avon Street, This large business was originally founded in the early days by Messrs Hood and Shennan. In 1891 the present proprietor, in conjunction with Mr. Edward Gibbard, acquired the business and carried it on under the style of Brown and Gibbard. The premises comprise three leasehold shops, and the business is divided into departments for millinery, haberdashery, ribbons and laces, gloves and hosiery, Manchester, dress, clothing, and men's mercery, Regular shipments are received from the best markets of the old world, and the firm employs a London buyer. Sixteen hands are employed in connection with the business, and the trade extends through North Otago and South Canterbury, The trade conducted for about ten years by Mr. William Grant, has been acquired by the firm and incorporated in its business.
, the Proprietor, was born in Lanarkshire, Scotland, in 1847, and edúcated at Hamilton grammar school. He served an apprenticeship to the soft-goods trade, and came to Port Chalmers in 1868; by the ship “William Davie.” For twenty-five years, Mr. Brown was well known in Dunedin, and during most of that time he was in business on his own account in George Street. He was married in 1872 to a daughter of Mr. Macfarlane, of Glasgow, and has had seven sons and three daughters, of whom one son and one daughter have died.
, Tailor and Clothier, Thames Street, Oamaru, This business was founded by the present proprietor in 1901. A first-class cutter is employed, so that customers may rely upon thoroughly expert workmanship; and a general stock of tweeds, clothing, and mercery is maintained. Mr. Hood was born in 1866. in Oamaru, where he attended school, and served an apprenticeship with his father's firm. Messrs Hood and Shennan. He subsequently gained experience in other houses, and was with Messrs J. H. Milligan and Co. for six years and a half before leaving to start on his own account in 1901.
(James Houston Milligan), Merchant Tailors and Gentlemen's Mercers, Waterloo House, Thames Street, Oamaru. Telephone 96. Bankers, Bank of New South Wales. Private residence, Exe Street. Mr. Milligan founde this largo business in December, 1868. His commodious premisos are in the best part of the chief retail thoroughfare of Oamaru, and are Mr. Milligan's freehold property, The building is of two stories, of Oamaru limestone, and has a large and handsome verandah,
, Cutter to Messrs J. Bullied and Company, Oamaru, was born on the 24th of February, 1873, at St. Just, Cornwall, England; he removed to Penzance in 1875 and there learned his trade as a tailor, with Messrs J. Tancock and Sons. Thence he went to Camborne, where he was with the firm of Messrs Hugh Allen and Co., in whose employment he remained two years and a half. He came to Christchurch, via Wellington, by the s.s. “Rimutaka,” in October, 1895, and was employed for three years and a half by the Cash Tailoring Company. Then he entered the service of Messrs J. Ballantyne and Co., with whom he continued for eighteen months. In 1900 Mr. Roskilley returned to England, to learn the art of cutting at the London Tailor and Cutter Academy (J. Williamson and Co.), where he secured a First Class Diploma for proficiency in the art. He returned to New Zealand in September, 1901. and rejoined Messrs Ballantyne and Co. in Christchurch. Soon after Mr. Roskilley accepted a position as cutter in the Timaru branch of that firm, and was cutter there for six months. In September, 1903, he removed to Oamaru as cutter to Messrs Bullied and Co. Mr. Roskilley was married, in March, 1900, to the third daughter of Mr. George Goodman, of Sydenham, Christchurch, and has one son.
, Tailor, Itchen Street, Oamaru. Bankers, National Bank. Private residence, Awamoa. Mr. Snaddon was born at Kirkcaldie, Fifeshire, Scotland, in 1849, and was educated and apprenticed to his trade in his native land. He landed at Port Chalmers, by the ship “Taranaki,” in 1879, and on coming to Oamaru he found work with Mr. Gemmell, with whom he remained until he established his present business in 1896. He is an honorary member of the Endeavour Lodge, United Ancient Order of Druids, and has for a long time been a director of the Oamaru Caledonian Society. Mr. Snaddon was married, in 1873,
, Oamaru Agency, Tees and Wansbeck Streets, Oamaru; head office and mine, Shag Point. Mr. Thomas Pyke, agent at Oamaru for the Allandale Coal Company, and coal and firewood merchant, was born at Ashamstead, Berks, England, on the 16th of June, 1646. He was brought up to country life by his father, who was an under-gamekeeper. Mr. Pyke came to Port Chalmers by the ship “Wennington.” which left Plymouth on the 3rd of February, 1875, and had a passage of 104 days. He settled at Palmerston, and worked on railway construction works at Waikouaiti. About 1878 he settled in Oamaru, and found employment in a grain store for a number of years, until the 25th of February, 1899, when he took up the agency of the Allandale Coal Company. As a Druid Mr. Pyke has been prominently connected with Lodge Endeavour, and was the first district President of the Order in Oamaru. As a Freemason he is attached to Lodge Waitaki, English Constitution, and has held the office of Inner Guard. He is also a member of the Royal Arch Chapter. Mr. Pyke was married on the 1st of February, 1871, to a daughter of the late Mr. Charles Howard, of Staffordshire, England, and has had two daughters, one of whom is dead.
, Wholesale and Retail Coal Merchant, Tyne Street, Oamaru. Bankers, Union Bank of Australia. Private residence, Eden Street.
, Cabinetmaker and Undertaker, Corner of Tees and Wansbeck Streets, Oamaru. Bankers, Bank of New Zealand. This business, which was established by the proprietor in 1875, is conducted in an Oamaru stone building, erected on freehold land. The premises comprise a shop and workshop, which contains all the necessary plant for the conduct of the business. Undertaking is the leading line, and many of the most important funerals in the town and district have been entrusted to Mr. Grenfell.
, Hairdresser, Tobacconist, and Umbrella Manufacturer, opposite Post Office, Thames Street, and also at North Thames Street, Oamaru. This business was established in 1898, at North Thames Street, and the more central branch was opened in November, 1901. The main premises contain shop, saloon, and workroom; umbrella-making is conducted chiefly at the older shop, where there is also a convenient saloon, and the proprietor's residence. Mr. Hiett was born in Gosport, Hampshire, England, in 1886, and came to New Zealand, via Australia, in 1895. For three years he found employment in various towns, and settled in Oamaru in 1898. As a Forester Mr. Hiett is attached to Court Pride, Oamaru. He has been a pracher in the local Baptist church, and assistant at the Sunday school for six years. Mr. Hiett was married, in 1900, to a daughter of the late Mr. Murdoch McKenzie, an early settler at the Taieri.
, Tobacconist and Hairdresser, Thames Street, Oamaru. Mr. Leslie was born in Dunedin, in 1838, but was educated in Oamaru, to which he had been taken in 1873. He learned the bootmaking trade, but resigned that business for his present occupation in 1892. Mr. Leslie has been solo baritone of the famous Oamaru Garrison Band since 1886, and at the Dunedin Exhibition Contest, against sixteen euphonium players, he was beaten by only one point. There are now in the Band only two older players than Mr. Leslie. Mr. Leslie is a coursing enthusiast, a lover of sport of all kinds, and keeps a large kennel of greyhound, as well as several racehorses. He married a daughter of the late David Gloag, of Waikouaiti, in 1892, and has one son and one daughter.
(Mrs Cecilia Jenkin, proprietress), corner of Wansbeck and Tyne Streets, opposite the old Railway Station, Oamaru. This building is of stone, is two stories in height, and contains about thirty rooms. The large dining room on the ground floor will seat thirty guests. On the ground floor there is also a very large sitting room, a small private sitting room, the kitchen, and scullery and five bedrooms. There are seventeen bedrooms and a bathroom on the first floor, and at the back of the hotel there is a three-stall stable, with a large yard. The hotel is well conducted and a good table is kept. The proprietress, who was born in Scotland, accompanied her parents to Port Chalmers in the sixties by the ship “Henrietta.” She was brought up at Brighton, near Dunedin, and has had considerable experience in the management of hotels and boarding-houses. Mrs. Jenkin has three sons and two daughters.
(Alexander Potter, proprietor), Itchen Street, Oamaru. P.O. Box 68. Bankers, Union Bank of Australia. This well-known hostelry was one of the first established in Oamaru, and has been conducted by the present proprietor since 1894. It is a three-storey building of Oamaru stone, and has a large frontage to Itchen Street, with two private entrances, besides the back entrance. The house contains thirty-five rooms, which are located on the first and second floors, and there are three parlours upstairs. On the ground floor, there are five sitting-rooms, and a large dining-room, with seating accommodation for from fifty to sixty guests. The hotel has three bathrooms, with hot and cold water laid on. There is also a gentlemen's club-room, and the airy, well-lighted billiard-room contains two of Alcock's best tables. There are five sample rooms and a capital commercial room, and the kitchen and out-offices are very complete. The “Star and Gartor” is, in fact, recognised as the commercial house of Oamaru.
, Ironmongers and Timber Merchants. Thames Street, Oamaru; Manager, Mr. Walter Williamson. This old established firm occupies central premises in the main street of Oamaru, and does a large business.
, Manager of Messrs Craig and Co.'s business, was born near Bradford, Yorkshire. England, in 1850. He was educated at Knaresborough, where he was brought up to mercantile life, and came to Port Chalmers in 1878, by the ship “Euterpe.” He settled in the Oamaru district, where, in 1880, he entered the service of Messrs Craig and Co., and worked through the various departments of the business until he became manager, which he has been for a good many years. Mr. Williamson was for some time a member of the Oamaru North School committee. He was married, in 1883, to a daughter of Mr. T. M. Cunninghame. Town Clerk of Oamaru, and has one son.
(John Marshall Brown and Harry Brown), Cycle Engineers, Wear Street, Oamaru. This firm was founded in September, 1902, and the premises consist of a stone building containing shop and workshop. Messrs Brown and Co. are agents for Swift Cycles, and make a specialty of repairing.
, the Senior Partner, is further referred to as Mayor of Oamaru.
, the Junior Partner, was born in Oamaru, in 1832, and learned his
, Stevedores and Wcol Dumpers, Breakwater, Oamaru. Head Office, Port Chalmers. The Oamaru branch of this firm's business is conducted in a large iron store, which contains a complete plant for wool dumping, and has a storage capacity equal to 60,000 sacks.
, Manager of Messrs Mill and Co.'s Oamaru branch, was born in Yorkshire. England, in 1870. He was educated at the Manchester Grammar School, and came to Port Chalmers by the s.s. “Celtic.” in 1880. He took terms at the Auckland University for three years, and became Mathematical and Science Master of St. John's College, Auckland. After four years' service in that position Mr. Barber went to London in connection with a mining company, which he succeeded in floating. On returning to New Zealand he was employed for a time by Messrs Nelson Brothers, Limited, at Tomoana, and was afterwards transferred to the Ocean Beach Freezing Works, at the Bluff. Mr. Barber joined the firm of J. Mill and Co. as manager of its Bluff branch, and during the two years in which he had charge, the business developed there very considerably. He was transferred to his present position in Oamaru, in 1903. Mr. Barber was married, in 1895, to a daughter of Mr. J. H. Witheford M.H.R., Auckland, and has three sons. He is referred to in another article as captain of the Oamaru Rifles.
(James Ogilvie, and Charles Ogilvie), Ironmongers, Plumbers, and Tinsmiths. Thames Street, Oamaru. This business was established by the senior partner, in 1869, and is carried on in a two-storey stone building comprising shop, workshop, and residence. There is a very complete plant in the manufacturing departments for the goods required, and a full stock of hardware is maintained. Mr. James Ogilvie, the founder of the firm, was born in Edinburgh, in 1840, and served a seven years' apprenticeship as a plumber, tinsmith and gasfitter in his native city. He came to Port Chalmers by the ship “James Nicol Fleming” in 1866, and was in Southland for three years before founding his present business at Oamaru. Mr. Ogilvie served as a member of the Borough Council for two years; for about four years he was on the committee of the Benevolent Society, and he has also been on the school committee. Before leaving Scotland he was for five years a member of the volunteers. As a Freemason Mr. Ogilvie is attached to Lodge Oamaru Kilwinning, and belongs to the Royal Arch Chapter; and he is also a member of the Lodge of Druids. He was married, on the last day of 1859, to a daughter of the late Mr. James Russell, of Leith, Scotland, and has six sons and nine daughters, of whom three sons and three daughters have died.
, Engineers and Ironfounders, Otago Implement and Machinery Works, Thames and Eden Streets, Oamaru. Head establishment, Dunedin. Telephone 60. P.O. Box 32. Bankers, Bank of New Zealand. Private residence of manager, Eden Street. A full description of this well known firm appears in another part of this work under Dunedin City. The Oamaru branch, which was originally the headquarters of the business, is erected on a freehold section of over one acre in extent. The buildings are in Oamaru stone, and contain blacksmithing machinery, carpentering, and horseshoeing departments. There is also a five horse-power portable steam-engine, and a complete plant for repairing all kinds of agricultural impiements.
(Isaac Under-wood, proprietor), Eveline, Oamaru. The site of this fellmongery is on the banks of the Boundary Creek, near the beach, and consists of eleven acres of freehold. The various buildings are of wood and iron, and contain full appliances for the conduct of a large business. Mr. Underwood buys as many as 150,000 skins in the year from the New Zealand Refrigerating Company, and his shipments of wool often equal 1000 bales a year. He was born near Northampton, England, in 1855, and lived on a farm till he was sixteen years of age. In 1876 he entered the service of the Midland Railway Company, as engine cleaner, and worked his way up to the position of driver. In 1887, at the time of the Drivers' Strike, he decided to emigrate to the colony, and arrived in Port Chalmers by the s.s. “Ionic” in 1888. He found employment at Burnside as fellmonger for four years, and rose to the position of foreman. Afterwards he removed to Wanganui, and became manager of the fellmongery there, and four years later he bought the business, which he conducted for four years. In March, 1899, he bought the Eveline fellmongery, and in March of the following year disposed of his Wanganui business. After a trip Home his returned to the colony, and has since worked his Eveline business. Mr. Underwood was married, in October, 1883, to a daughter of the late Mr. Boyd Gatefield, of Chesterfield, England.
, Fellmonger, Oamaru. On his landing in the s.s. “Ionic” at Port Chalmers in 1887, Mr. Gatefield joined his
(Archibald Hodge), Saddlers, Harness Makers, and Importers, Tyne Street, Oamaru. This business was founded in 1866, and was acquired by the present firm in 1877. Mr. Jones died in 1903, and since then the business has been carried on under the old style by the surviving partner. The premises consist of a stone building, containing a large double-fronted shop and workshop.
was born in 1842, in Edinburgh, Scotland, and there served his apprenticeship at the saddlery business. He enlisted in the Royal Engineers, and in 1863 came to Auckland with his regiment by the troopship “Norwood.” He served in the Waikato. Tauranga, Wanganui, and Taranaki districts under Generals Cameron and Chute, and received the New Zealand war medal. On returning to the Old Country he purchased his discharge, and worked as a saddler in his native city. About 1870 Mr. Hodge came to Otago, and shortly afterwards settled in Osmaru, where he worked at his trade until joining his late partner in business. He was married, in 1875, to a daughter of the late Mr. A. Symon, of Taieri.
, Skinner, Exe Street, Oamaru. Mr. MacDonald's business was established in 1889, and is conducted in a stone building. The private residence adjoins the works. Mr. MacDonald was born at Elgm, Morayshire, Scotland, in 1844, and served an apprenticeship of seven years. He then worked at his trade as a journeyman till he left for the colonies in 1883. In that year he arrived in Brisbane, Queensland, in the s.s. “Archer,” and afterwards visited Sydney and Melbourne. He arrived in Dunedin in the following year, and in 1885 settled in Oamaru, where, four years later, he established his present business. As a volunteer. Mr. MacDonald served for three years in the Elgin City Rifles. He joined the Order of Oddfellows in Scotland, and is still attached to it. In 1872 he was married to a daughter of the late Mr. Charles Inglis, of Selkirk. Scotland.
, Boot and Shoe Manufacturer, Tees Street, Oamaru. P.O. Box 36. Bankers, Bank of New Zealand and National Bank of New Zealand Private residence, Tees Street. The Oamaru Boot Factory was established in 1878 by Mr. S. Pocklington, who conducted the business till 1896, when the present proprietor, who is a son of the founder, took it over. The building is of Oamaru stone, and has three stories and a basement; the floor fronting Tees Street is occupied as the boot and shoe uppermaking department and the stock room, behind which are the office and the pressroom. The third floor is occupied as the bench and finishing departments, and the top floor is used as a dwelling. Twolve hands are employed at the factory, which does work wholesale for the trade and country storekeepers; and the plant includes the latest machinery. Mr. Pocklington also has a branch business at Kurow, under the management of his brother, Mr. S. Pocklington, junior. Mr. James Pocklington, the proprietor, was born in Glasgow in 1869, and was educated in Oamaru, where he learned his trade under his father, by whom he was employed in connection with the establishment until he acquired the busincss. As a volunteer, Mr. Pocklington joined the Otago Hussars in Oamaru, and afterwards served seven years in the Mounted Rifles. He is also a Forester, and is a member and past chief ranger of Court Pride of Oamaru, 4932. Mr. Pocklington was married, in 1894, to a daughter of Mr. W. Cairns, of Oamaru, and has two sons.
, Saddler and Harness Maker, Thames Street, Oamaru. This business was established in 1900, and is conducted in a two storey stone building. The ground floor is used as a shop, office, and workroom, while on the basement are the collar-shop and another workroom. Saddlery materials are imported direct from Walsall, and a well assorted and thoroughly up-to-date stock is maintained. The business has developed wonderfully, and seven hands are constantly employed in repairing and manufacturing.
, the Proprietor, was born in July, 1864, in Camaru, where he attended school. He served a five years' apprenticeship with Messrs Hodge and Jones, for whom he worked afterwards as journeyman for fifteen years, before leaving to start on his own account in 1900. Mr. White has played in the local Salvation Army Band since 1887, and is a member of the Independent Order of Oddfellows. He was married, in 1884, to
(New Zealand Refrigerating Company, Limited, proprietors), were built in 1885. These works are located in a stone building of one storey, and have freezing capacity and storage for 20,000 carcases of sheep. The sheep are slaughtered at Eveline, three miles up the line, where the manure works of the company are situated. The engineer-in-charge, Mr. Peter Jack, was born in Roxburgh, Scotland, in 1852, and has been in charge of the works at Oamaru since 1897.
, Wholesale and Retail Butcher, Corner of Thames and Coquet Streets, Oamaru. Telephone, 101. Bankers, Bank of New Zealand. Slaughterhouse, Cape Wanbrow. This oldestablished business was founded about 1872, and was bought by the present proprietor in April, 1898. The leasehold premises are well situated in a central part of the town, and comprise a large corner shop with office, and small-goods department at the back. At the slaughterhouse at Cape Wanbrow, Mr. Meikle kills on an average, twenty bullocks and 150 sheep per month, and finds a ready market for prime beef and mutton, not only in Oamaru, but throughout the North Otago district. A notice of Mr. Meikle as a prominent member of the Order of Druids appears in another part of this work.
(Alexander Russell and Peter Clark Taylor), General Butchers, Thames Street, Oamaru, Slaughter House. South Oamaru. This business, which has steadily progressed since its establishment, in 1899, is conducted in a stone building containing a shop, an office, and a small goods room. Meat is delivered daily throughout the town and suburbs.
, one of the Proprietors, was born, in 1889, at Enfield, where he attended school and learned his trade. He worked at his business or acted as a shepherd till joining his present partner in 1899.
was born on Banks Peninsula, Canterbury, in December, 1870, and was brought up to country life. He became a shepherd, and worked as such for a number of years in the North Island before joining Mr. Russell in business at Oamaru in 1899.
, Fish Merchant and Curer. Thames Street, Oamarn. Mr. Cross was born in London, in 1867, and came to Wellington in 1886, by the s.s. “Tongariro.” He established a business in that city, in Willis Street, in 1890. Three years later he removed to Dunedin, and in 1896 settled in Oamaru. His premises occupy a stone building, and consist of a double-fronted shop, with a verandah. Fish luncheons are provided in a well fitted-up refreshment room, and the proprietor has also a curing establishment on the reclaimed land opposite the Railway Goods Shed. Mr. Cross was married, in August, 1898, and has one son and one daughter.
. Oamaru Branch, Mr. W. H. Rose, Manager. Telephone 54, P.O. Box, 3. Bankers, the National Bank of New Zealand, Limited. The Oamaru branch of the company was opened by the present manager in November, 1889; the business being that of stock and station agents, auctioneers, general merchants, shipping, insurance and commission agents. The company's premises, situated at the corner of Tyne and Itchen Streets, consist of a very handsome two storey building of Oamaru stone, with convenient offices on the ground floor; and the warehouse has a storage capacity for about 25,000 sacks of grain. The company is agent for the Shaw, Savill and Albion Company's fleet of steamers and sailing ships, which load at the port of Oamaru, as inducement offers; and it also represents locally the National Fire and Marine Insurance Company of New Zealand. Auction sales of stock are conducted by the company weekly at the Junction saleyards, and at country centres from time to time.
, J.P., Manager of the Oamaru Branch of the National Mortgage and Agency Company of New Zealand, was born in Dunedin early in the sixties, and educated in Otago. He was brought up to mercantile life, and entered the service of the company in Christchurch in 1879. Three years later he was transferred to Dunedin, where he continued till 1887, and after being two years and six months in Timaru, he was entrusted with the important duty of opening the Oamaru branch. Mr. Rose has been a member of the Oamaru Harbour Board since 1892, and holds office as a governor and treasurer of the Waitaki High Schools, is one of the hospital trustees, for whom he is treasurer, and is chairman of the Bible in Schools Association, which was in active operation prior to the general election of 1896. He has served as a member of the committee of the North Otago Agricultural and Pastoral Association, and was for six years honorary conductor of the Oamaru Musical Society. Mr. Rose is chairman of the committee of the Oamaru centre for Trinity College, London. He is a baritone
. Oamaru branch (Edward Pargiter Burbury, manager), corner of Harbour and Wansbeck Streets. Telephone 23. P.O. Box 478. Bankers, Union Bank of Australia. The Oamaru branch of this large company was established about 1873 in a small concrete building, which has since been replaced by the handsome three-storey Oamaru stone structure now occupied by the business. The building, which stands on Harbour Board leasehold land, in capable of storing 100,000 sacks of grain. It is situated not far from the railway station, with which it is connected by railway sidings. The front portion of the building, facing Wansbeck Street on the ground floor, is used for the public office and the private offices of the manager and accountant and stock salesman. The various floors are connected by four grain lifts, each of which is worked by a fire horse-power water motor. The first floor of the building is supported on Port Chalmers bluestone piers, which contribute greatly to the strength of the superstructure. Shoots are provided between each floor for the rapid delivery of sacks of grain, and the working plant includes an American grain separator and grain crushing machines.
, J.P., Manager of the New Zealand Loan and Mercantile Agency Company in Oamaru, is an Englishman by birth, and arrived in Dunedin, by the ship “Zealandia,” in 1873. He joined the service of the New Zealand Loan and Mercantile Agency Company in 1877, and took up his duties as manager of the Oamaru branch in 1878. He was for a number of years a member of the Oamarn Harbour Board, and has been connected with the North Otago Agricultural and Pastoral Association, as a member of the committee, for a considerable time. Mr. Burbury is also a trustee of the Oamaru Racecourse, and also honorary judge for the North Otago Racing Club. He resides at Fairfield, six miles from Oamaru. He was married, in 1881, to a daughter of Dr. Wait, of Oamaru, and has one son and two daughters.
. Oamaru. Directors 1903–4: Messrs A. W. Gillies (chairman), J. B. Taylor (vice-chairman), J. Cowie Nichols. Donald Simpson. John Johnston, Andrew Gray, W. E. De C. Hughes and James Smillie, Auditors, Messrs A. A. McKinnon and C. W. Cooke. Solicitors. Messrs Lee and Crave. Secretary and Manager, Mr. J. Maitland James, F.N.Z.A.A. Offices, Thames Street, Oamaru. Stores, Tyne and Harbour Streets. This company dates from September, 1301, when twelve directors were appointed to inaugurate the business, which was duly accomplished on the 1st of November following. The large two storey stone building extending from Tyne Street to Harbour Street was the first home of the Association, which has a railway siding running to the Harbour Street entrance. However, this building is now used as a store for bulk goods and for grain storage. In August, 1903, the Association, finding the business extending so rapidly as to require new premises, secured the Theatre Royal and other buildings in the rear. The main building has a frontage of 120 feet by 66 feet, and is situated at the corner of Thames Street and Ccquet Street, in the principal thoroughfare, and at the junction of the main roads running north and south. It is very close to the railway station, in a most central position. The alterations to the building were completed by April, 1904, and embrace the offices and sample rooms for the general business, grain and auction, and stock business; the grocery, ironmongery, drapery, clothing, boots, and other branches of the business have separate departments in the lower and upper floors. The number of shareholders has rapidly increased, and in June, 1904, there were about 760. Yet the business has been established only about three years. The first balance showed a net profit of £176, and the second year it increased to £1183. The Association is (1904) building a horse sale bazaar on its fine sections close to the main building.
, who has been Chairman of the North Otago Farmers' Co-operative Association since its inception, is a son of the late Mr. R. Gillies, of the firm of Gillies and Street, and proprietors of the Awamoko estate. He was born in 1872, and was educated at the Otago Boys' High School, Dunedin. After a short experience in mercantile life, he settled at Birtley, Georgetown, in 1892. This property, which consists of 1000 acres of freehold, originally formed part of the Awamoko estate. As a volunteer Mr. Gillies has served since 1893 in the North Otago Mounted Rifles, of which be has been captain since 1900. He was married, in 1893, to a daughter of Mr. John Reid, of Elderslie.
, F.N.Z.A.A., Manager and Secretary of the North Otago Farmers' Co-operative Association, Limited, was born in Liverpool, England, in 1846. He was educated at Queen's College, in his native place and subsequently gained six years' experience in mercantile life in that city. Mr. Jones came to New Zealand by the ship “St. Vincent.” which arrived at Port Chalmers in March, 1885. Shortly afterwards he entered the service of the Commercial Bank of New Zealand, in
, Grain Salesman to the North Otago Co-operative Association, was born in the Taieri, in 1868. After attending school in his native place he gained a general knowledge of country life and of stock on the Greenfield estate, where he continued for eight years. On removing to Dunedin, Mr. McQuin joined Messrs Donald Reid and Co., with whom he served as clerk for eight years, and for two years subsequently was with Messrs Wright, Stephenson and Co. During this period he became well acquainted with the grain, seed, and wool business. He was grain and stock salesman to the Otago Farmers' Co-operative Association. Dunedin, for a period of three years, and was selected, on the formation of the North Otago Co-operative Association, for his present position. As a volunteer Mr. McQuin served for two years in the Otago Hussars. He was married, on the 24th of slay, 1895, to a daughter of Mr. William Farnie, of Dunedin, and has two daughters and one son.
Directors: Messrs T. Meek (chairman), J. L. Allan, J. Bulleid, A. J. S. Headland, J. Craig, and A. McCallum. Mr. David Pattersou, General Manager. Registered office, Oamaru. Telephone, 28. P.O. Box, 84. Bankers, Union Bank of Australia, Ltd. Cable Address, “Factory, Oamaru.” The premises of this important company, which was incorporated in 1883, occupy a site of over three acres of land, adjoining the Ocean Beach, just outside the boundary of the borough of Oamaru. The whole of the buildings, which are erected in Oamaru stone, are of one storey in height; they comprise the factory proper, which is well planned, and has been considerably enlarged from time to time to meet the demands of a rapidly increasing business. The offices, which comprise public and private apartments with a large warehouse at the back, have been recently completed, and the plant in the factory consists of the most modern machinery for the various processes of the woollen manufacturing industry. A pair of horizontal condensuring engines, specially manufactured for the company, by Messrs Fullerton, and Co, of Paisley, have lately been added to the plant; they are of 200 horse-power, and their erection was completed on the premises on the 10th of August, 1898. The floor of the engine-room is tastefully laid in ornamental tiles and the steam is
, General Manager of the Oamaru Woollen Factory, was born and education in Forfarshire, Scotland, and was for several years in business as a woollen manufacturer in Peebles. In 1883 he left Scotland to come to New Zealand, and after a short stay in Dunedin, was appointed manager of the then recently started woollen factory in Oamaru.
, Importer and Proprietor of the “Modern and Chatham Seed Cleaner”: also Importer of Bicycles, Motor-Bicycles, Automobiles, Incubators, Farmers' Blacksmiths' Kits, Farm Waggons, Spring Carts; Warehouse, Thames Street, Oamaru. Mr. House's commodious premises present a very imposing appearance. The warehouse comprises the business offices; a large fitting room, where several men are employed putting the seed cleaning machines together; and a store, containing a large number of machines. Mr. House, who is a Canadian by birth, has had a large experience throughtout America in connection with agricultural implements. Recognising the superior standard to which American manufactures have attained, and knowing the suitability of these seed-cleaning machines for the purposes of New Zealand farmers, he came to this colony, and brought a first shipment with him. He established his business in New Zealand in February, 1898, and since then he has been very successful in introducing his machines throughout the colony. Up to April, 1900, 930 Modern and Chatham Seed Cleaners have been disposed of, and were in active use amongst the farmers of New Zealand. The universal satisfaction they give is proved by the increasing sales, and the large number of testimonials received by Mr. House concerning their qualities. These machines are manufactured in Canada, by the M. Campbell Company, Ltd., of Chatham, Ontario, and are imported direct to New Zealand by Mr. House. They are constructed from carefully selected, and well seasoned timber, which has been kiln-dried, and all the joints are dust and seed proof. The machines are specially adapted for cleaning every kind of seed and grain grown in the colony, and also for grading the grain for seed. This is an important factor in successful farming, as nothing but good, large, heavy seed of uniform size should be sown, in order to allow the crop to ripen evenly. The sieves of the cleaners are particularly adapted for taking sorrel, dock, goose grass, and hair grass out of rye grass. The mills will also clean all kinds of seed, separato white clover and trefoil, and take cockle, cornbine and tares from all kinds of grain and seed. In order to show the success these mills have already achieved, it may be stated that up to January, 1900, 98,367 were in use. The “Lyttelton
, Commercial Traveller, Oamaru. Mr. Cole was born in 1861, in Melbourne. Victoria, where he was educated and brought up to the soft goods trade. He was for fourteen years in the service of Messrs L. Stevenson and Son, warehousemen, of Melbourne, and represented Messrs Bing, Harris and Co., in their mercery and hosiery department in Dunedin, where he had charge for nine years. In 1901 Mr. Cole was transferred to Oamaru, as travelling representative of the firm between Waikouaiti and Timaru. He is fond of bowling as a recreation, and is a member of the Phoenix Club. Mr. Cole was married, in 1887, to a daughter of the late Mr. Payne, of Caulfield, Victoria, and has three danghters.
, Phænix Mill. Oamaru, Bankers, Bank of New Zealand. This mill was established in 1868, and was altered to a roller milling plant in 1897. The brand. “White Spray, is well-known throughout the Colony, being sold by the firm whelesale only, and chiefly in the Wellington provincial district, where there is an agency. The site of the mill is about nine acres in extent and there is another area of thirty-five acres, where a large mill dam, covering six acres, was erected at a cost of £1500. The plant is driven by water-power, there being a 34 feet iron wheel.
was born in the North of Scotland, in 1833, and had been connected with milling since his early days. He went in 1857 to America, where he was engaged for six years in the milling business, and arrived at Port Chahmers, by the ship “Electric,” in 1863. After a short residence in Dunedin, where he was engaged at his trade, he settled in the Oamaru district, and worked in connection with the Phœnix mill from 1872 to 1881, when he leased the premises, and five years later became their proprietor. Mr. Bruce had been interested in acclimatisation for many years, and was for some time president of the local acclimatisation society. He was a keen and successful angler. Mr. Bruce was married, in 1862, to a daughter of Mr. Robert McKay, of Caithness-shire, Scotland, and had five sons and three daughters. He died on the 13th of January, 1904.
, Millers and Grain Merchants. Office and Store, Harbour Street. Mil's, corner of Severn Street and Cross Lane, Oamaru. P.O. Box, 8. Bankers, National Bank of New Zealand. This business, which was established in the early days of settlement in Oamaru, has been conducted by the present firm since 1882. The building used as a store and for offices in Harbour Street is erected in Oamaru stone. It is one storey in height, and has a storage capacity of 24,000 sacks. Messrs Ireland and Co's mill—a building of three stories in Oamaru stone—has a complete roller plant, which produces five sacks per hour. The machinery is driven by a Pelton turbine, which is supplied from the corporation water-works, and may be worked up to fifty-horse power. The flour produced from the mills is known by its brand Lily White,” and finds a ready sale in Auckland, Wellington, and Dunedin.
, sometime Senior Partner, was born in Edinburgh, brought up to the milling business in his native city, and came to Port Chalmers, per ship “Black Swan,” in 1862. After spending some years on the Otago goldfields, he settled in Oamaru in 1867, and fifteen years later he joined Mr. John Hadden Barr in the firm of Ireland and Co. Mr. Ireland died on the 8th of July, 1903, aged 61 years.
was born in Glasgow, came to Dunedin by the ship “Storm Cloud,” in 1861, and settled in Oamaru sixteen years later. Mr. Barr takes an interest in public affairs, and was for some time chairman of the Oamaru Harbour Board.
(Thomas Meck, J.P.), Flourmillers and Grain Merchants, Oamaru. Telephones—Mills, 21; Elovator, 42. P.O. Box 471. Bankera, Bank of New Zealand. Private residence, Aln Street. Cable address, “Meek, Oamaru.” The first flourmill owned by the Messrs Meek was established in 1867. It is a wooden building situated in Severn Street, and when it was opened it contained two pairs of stones. In 1872 the firm purchased the Crown Mills, together with the land, which includes an acre and a half of freehold. The building is four stories in height, is of Oamaru stone, and has a capacity of ten sacks per hour. It was converted from a stone mill into a roller mill in 1886; it contains the latest silk-dressing machinery, and is driven by a horizontal tandem Corliss steam engine of 100 horsepower, made by Musgrave of Bolton. The firm has a second mill, which was erected about 1878. This building was acquired in 1891.
It is built of Oamaru stone, is three stories in height, has a capacity of four sacks to the hour, and is driven by a water motor from the town supply. The brard of the firm is “Snowdrop.” Messrs J. and T. Meek have spent a large sum of money in the erection of a five-storey building, known as the Elevator, which was built in 1883 for the storage of grain in bulk. The building, which is constructed on the American principle, is said to be the only one of its kind in the Southern Hemisphere, and it is so advantageously constructed that grain can be handled at about half the ordinary cost. The engine which works the elevator is situated in the cellar of the building, where there are two immense worms, which work in tunnels under the entire building. Two more of these worms are situated on the top floor, each being 130 feet long. By means of this contrivance the grain can be conveyed to and fro. There are thirty-six immense bins, each fifty-four feet in depath, with a capacity of 1100 sacks, and the total storage of the entire building is equal to 90,000 sacks. The total floorage space of the elevator is upwards of 55,000 square feet, and 700,000 feet of timber were used in its construction.
, J.P., was born in Lanarkshire, Scotland, in 1842. He was educated in his native village, where he was brought up as a joiner, and arrived in Dunedin by the ship “Electric,” in 1863, and settled in Oamaru during the same year. After working as a contractor for about four years, he invsted in a throshing machine, which he worked for about six years, and the business thus begun developed into flour milling Mr. Meek was for many years a member of the Oamaru Borough Council, and held a sent on the Oamaru Harbour Board for over ten years. He was married, in 1866, to
, Head Miller at Messrs J. and T. Meek's Harbour Street Mill, Oamaru was born in 1878, at Oamaru, where he was educated. On leaving school he entered the service of Messrs J and T. Meek, and graduated through every department in the mill. After five years he went to Riverton. where he was head miller for Messrs Tweedie and McLean for twelve months. Mr. Miller subsequently found employment in connection with gold dredging for two years, and again joined Messrs Meek's staff. Shortly afterwards he went to Palmerston as head miller at Mr. Gow's mill, where he continued for sixteen months before accepting his present position at Oamaru in June, 1903. Mr. Miller is attached to the Loyal Oamaru Lodge of Oddfellows, Manchester Unity.
, General Merchant, Biscuit Manfacturer, and Ham and Bacon Curer, corner of Tyne and Itchen Streets, Oamaru. Telephone 4. P.O. Box 106. Bankers, Bank of New Zealand. Private residence, corner of Wharfe and Wansbeck Streets. This business was originally established in the fifties by the late Mr. Henry France, and was acquired in 1867 by the present proprietor's elder brother, Mr. James Bee, who died in 1894. The brothers entered into business partnership under the style of J. and W. Bee in 1868, and the history of the business has been one of steady development since that time, and has been continued solely by Mr. W. Bee since 1888. The premises occupied are erected on a large leasehold section, and consist of a substantial one-storey building in Oamaru stone. The offices are located at the corner of Tyne Street, and the retail grocery and other departments occupy the Itchen Street frontage. Behind the shop a two-storey building is used as a bakehouse, where bread, cake and biscuits are manufactured. Mr. Bee has thrown his energy and enterprise into the biscuit trade, and has imported the latest machinery to turn out large quantities of the most satisfactory lines, including plain and fancy in all varieties. For these goods there is a large demand in wholesale parcels throughout the Colony. Ham and bacon curing is another branch of the manufacturing department of the business. Mr. Bee purchases large quantities of very fine well-fed pork from the farmers in the district, and has attained such success with the cured article that the entire output finds a very ready sale locally. Regular shipments of general groceries, wines, and spirits, crockery and glassware, and other lines come to harnd by direct steamers. Besides a large wholesale trade, Mr. Boe has an extensive rotail connection, and five carts are regularly employed in the delivery of goods. Commodious stables and a paddock are available at the back of the business premises. The Oamaru bond—the only one in the town—is Mr. Bee's property, and faces Tyne Street. Mr. Bee is referred to elsewhere as an ex-member of the Oamaru Borough Council.
, General Storekeeper, Thames Street branch, Oamaru; Head Office, Corner of Tyne and Itchen Streets. The Thames Street branch of this well known business was established in 1901, and is conducted in a one storey stone building, which comprises a large double-fronted shop with offices and store.
, Manager of the Thames Street branch of the business, is the second son of the proprietor, and was born in 1873. He was educated at the Waitaki Boys' High School, was brought up to business in his father's firm, and appointed manager of the Thames Street branch at its opening. Mr. Bee has been connected with the Oamaru Garrison Band since 1893. As a Freemason he is a member of Lodge Oamaru Kilwinning, and as an Oddfellow he has passed the chairs in the local Lodge of the Manchester Unity. Mr. Bee was married, in 1900, to a daughter of Mr. H. Finlinson, of Maheno.
, General Grocer. Tees Street, Oamaru. This business, which is one of the oldest in the district, was acquired by the present proprietor in 1902. It is conducted in a two storey stone building, containing a large double-fronted shop, with an office behind and residence overhead. Mr. Brown was born in 1860, in Lanarkshire, Scotland where he was educated and apprenticed to the grocery trade. He arrived at Port Chalmers by the s.s. “Arawa,” in November, 1886, and after two years at his trade in Dunedin removed to Oamaru. A year later Mr. Brown entered the service of Mrs E. White, the former proprietress of his present business, for whom he managed the business for thirteen years before purchasing it. He is a member of the Protestant Alliance Friendly Society, and was secretary of the local Lodge for nine years. Mr. Brown was married, in 1881, to a daughter of the late Mr. John Marshall, of Lanarkshire, Scotland, and has had four sons and two daughters, of whom one daughter has died.
(Alexander David Clark, Robert Baikie Clark, and Allan Stuart Clark), Produce Merchants, Farmers, Threshing Mill Owners, and Flour Millers. Head office, Humber Street, Oamaru; Farm and Implement Works, Reidston; Flour Mill, Maheno Valley. This firm dates from 1891, when Messrs Clark Brothers commenced farming at Reidston, and the other branches have gradually been added. The farm consists of 250 acres of freehold land, originally part of
, Of the firm of Clark Brothers, Oamaru, Reidston and Maheno, was born in the Orkney Islands, in 1878, and was brought to Port Chalmers the following year by his father, the late Mr. James Clark, of Rcidston. He attended school at Maheno, was brought up to engineering, and drove a traction engine when fourteen years old. Mr. Clark holds a second class certificate as an engine driver, and is now engaged in the Maheno Flour Mills owned by his firm. He resides at Reidston, where he owns fifteen acres of freehold land, on which his homested stands. Mr. Clark was married, in January, 1902, to a daughter of Mr. William Robertson, of Inchholme.
, Of the firm of Clurk Brothers, supervises the engineering departmnet of the business. He was Lorn in 1863. in the Orkney Islands, and came with his parents to Port Chalmers in 1879. Mr. Clark went to school at Maheno, where he also learned the business of a blacksmith. He was a member of the North Otago Mounted Rifles for about six yars.
, Varnish Manufacturer, Thames Street, Oamaru. Bankers, Bank of New Zealand. Private residence, Thames Street. The varnish manufactory conducted by Mr. Frith deserves to be classed amougst the succesful industries of Oamaru. It was established in 1888. The two buildings used for the purpose of the factory are each one storey in height, both are erected of Oamaru stone, and together they contain over two thousand square feet of floorage space. Enght furnaces are used in connection with the various processes of manufacture. Such has been Mr. Frith's success that the general exhibit of samples of all his varnishes gained a gold medal at the Dunedin Jubilee Exhibition of 1898. The trade has developed extensively since its establishment, and the demand for varnishes comes from all parts of New Zealand. Mr. Frith deals wholesale only with the trade, and as a varnish manufacturer he stands in the front rank within the Colony, in connection with his own line of goods. Some idea of the extent of his operations may be gained from the fact, that in a recent month over four hundred gallons of varnish were sent out. Mr. Frith is represented in the North Island by resident agents in Auckland and Wellington; customers in the South Island are periolically visited by Mr. Frith himself.
, the Proprietor, was born in Batley, Yorkshire, in 1854, educated at the Battley Grammar School England, and at the Little Falls Academy, New York, America, and came to Port Chalmers in 1875, by the ship “Invercargill.” A year later he settled in the Oamaru district, where he established himself as a house decorator, and carried on business as such until he opened his varnish factory. The special lines manufactured are varnishes, both house and carriage, gold size, terebine, Brunswick black, patent knotting, office gum, liquid glue, dry sized, calcimine, and lacquers; together with colour manufacturing and colour grinding in all their bzanches, and the manufacture of patent dryers, with all the modern improvements in grinding machinery. On one occasion, Mr. Frith contested the Oamaru seat against the Hon. T. W. Hislop, but was defeated after a keen contest. He has long taken a general interest in local movements in Oamaru, has been and is now a member of the Oamaru Borough Council; has been associated with the Protestant Alliance Society, in which he has taken all the chairs, and he twice represented the South Island on the Grand Council, which was held some years ago at the Thames. Mr. Frith was married, in 1872, to a daughter of the late Mr. W. Bruce, of Batley, and has four sons and six daughters.
, J.P., General Merchant and Importer, Thames Street, Oamaru. Telephone 48. P.O. Box 46. Bankers, Bank of New Zealand. Private residence, Wansbeck Street. Mr. Headland, who is referred to olsewhere as a member of the hospital board, established his business in 1866. The building is of one storey, in Oamaru stone, and was erected for the purpose of the businoss. It fronts Thames Street, and at the rear there are the bakehouse, stabling accommodation, and a bacon-curing plant. The total storage space available in connection with the premises amounts to about 100,000 square feet Mr. Headland is a direct importer of iron, hardware, groceries, wines and spirits, crockery, and glassware, paints, oils, and sundries. He keeps a full and well-assorted stock in every line in which he deals, and has a large business as a baker and ham and bacon curer. Mr. Headland's business extends throughout the North Otago district, and he has five carts employed in the delivery of goods, within an area of ten miles of Oamaru.
, General Grocer, Thames Street, Oamaru. This business, which was founded in September, 1301, by the present proprietor, is carried on in
, Commission and Produce Merchant. Tyne Street Oamaru. Mr. Townsend was born in Bradford-on-Avon, Wiltshire, England, on the 2nd of November, 1841, and went to school at Trowbridge. he was brought up to farming, and also gained experience in butchering. In 1859 he emigranted to Victoria, and was for some months in Ballarat, where he followed his trade as a butcher. In 1862 he landed in Otago, and settled in Caversham, where he engaged in farming for five years. Afterwards he was farming in the Burnside district for six years. In 1875 he settled in Oamaru and established his present business on a leased section in Tyne Street. He was the first to build on the Harbour Board land. The building is of stone and from, and, with additions, it has all along served as his residence and place of business. The premises extend from Tyne Street to Harbour Street, and are, in part, two stories in height. In the early days Mr. Townsend served for three years as a member of the Borough Council and also served in the local volunteer corps. Mr. Townsend was married, on the 24th of July, 1865, to a daughter of the late Mr. Edward Lees, of Wigtonshire, Scotland, and has surviving, five sons and three daughters.
(George Brownlee, J.P., and William Brownlee), Seedsmen, Thames Street, Oamaru. Telephone, 85. Bankers, Bank of New Zealand, Private residence, Glencairn, North Road. This business was established in the early sixties by the late Mr. John Falconer, who died in 1888, and for whom Mr. Brownlee was manager for many years, and when Mr. Falconer died Mr. Brownlee, senior, bought the business. Glencairn is six acres in extent, and the land is laid down in flower-borders, ornamental grounds, and experimental gardens. Messrs Brownlee and Son, who are direct importers of agricultural seeds, flowers, and vegetables, cultivate a large country trade and have customers in all parts of Otago and Canterbury, where they have gained a reputation as dealers in first class germinating seeds.
Is referred to elsewhere as secretary of the Loyal Oamarn Lodge, Independent Order of Oddfellows, Manchester Unity, and as a member of the Oamaru Harbour Board.
. Nurseryman and Florist, Eden and Coquet Stieets, Oamaru. Mr. Edwards' nursery consists of half an acre, which extends from street to street, and was founded by the late Mr. John Falconer, in 1872. The proprietor was born in 1851 in Perthshire, Scotland, and gained his experience in nursery work about eight miles from Perth. He became foreman gardener to Lord Dalhousie at Brechin Castle, but after being eighteen months in that position he decided to emigrate to the colonies. He came to Port Chalmers in the first trip of the ship “Invercargill.” which arrived in 1874. For some time he was gardener at the Dunedin Hospital, and for a year subsequently at the Seacliff Asylum. He was afterwards employed at the nursery of Mr. George Matthews, and later was successively in the employment of the Hon. James Paterson and the Hon. George McLean. In January, 1878, he settled in Oamaru, and found employment under his predecessor, with whom he served nine years, and had the management of the nursery for a year before purchasing on his own account, in 1888. Mr. Edwards served for six years as a member of the Oamaru Borough Council, and was for several years a member of the Middle School committee. He has been connected with the Oamaru Horticultural Scciety for many years, and was for sometime on the committee of management. Mr. Edwards was married, in January, 1879, to a daughter of the late Mr. Robert Pratt, of Cavan, Ireland, and has one son and two daughters.
, Nurseryman, Fruit Grower and Cider Manufacturer, New-borough, Oamaru. Mr. Ferris was born in 1841 in Monmouthshire, England, where he was educated and brought up to farming. In 1864 he came to Lyttelton, by the ship “Blue Jacket,” and after remaining a short time in Canterbury, he settled in Oamaru in 1866, and has since carried on business there as a nurseryman. Mr. Ferris has thirty-seven acres of land at New-borough, and seventeen acres have been carefully laid down in a nursery and an orchard, which are kept in first class order. In 1898 he visited the Old Country in search of health, and returned in November, very much benefited by the change. He was married, in 1871, to a daughter of the late Mr. Walter Allan, of Scotland, and has three sons and three daughters.
, Watchmaker and Jeweller, Itchen Street, Oamaru. This business was founded by the proprietor in 1887, and a good up-to-date stock is maintained in all lines. The building, which is of stone, is two stories in height, and contains a well fitted shop and two workrooms. Mr. Hood was born in 1864, in Oamaru, where he was educated. He was apprenticed to his trade in Oamaru and Dunedin, and gained several years further experience before starting on his own account. In addition to importing watches, clocks, and jewellery, Mr. Hood has a complete sight testing apparatus, and manufactures most of his own jewellery on the premisas. He has served as a volunteer in the Waitaki Mounted Rifles since 1901, and is secretary of the Oamaru Cycling and Athletic Club.
(George Walter Sherwin). Working Jewellers, Watchmakers, and Opticians, Wear Street, Oamaru. This business was established on the 1st of October, 1902. The firm undertakes repairing of all kinds, including tools, silver and electro-plate of all kinds, band instruments, and other delicate machinery. Mr. G. W. Sherwin was born at Maori Hill, Dunedin, on the 23rd of April, 1879, and was educated at Talbot's private school, Maori Hill, and at large public schools in Dunedin and Oamaru. He learned his trade as a watchmaker and jeweller in Oamaru, but had experience elsewhere as a journeyman, before the establishment of the firm. He served three years in the Queen's Riffles, Oamaru, and has received the service star.
, Carter, Oamaru. Mr. Williams was born in Herefordshire, England, in 1841. When he was ten years of age he accompanied his uncle to South Australia, and was brought up to country life in that colony. In 1856 he made a tour of the colonies with a circus company, and had many novel adventures. On returning to Australia, he was for a year in Victoria, and arrived in Otago in 1862. After six months on the goldfields he settled in Dunedin, and two years later removed to the Oamaru district, where he commenced to work as a carter, on his own account, and still conducts the business. Mr. Williams is the oldest resident in the carting line in Oamaru, and at one time had as many as ten expresses and general carrying plant running in the borough. His stables and residence are in Humber Street, where he has a freehold of an acre of land. As a Freemason he is attached to Lodge Waitaki, English Constitution, and is a member of Court Pride of Oamaru, Ancient Order of Foresters. Mr. Williams was married, in 1870, to a daughter of the late Mr. Robert Richardson, of Yorkshire, England, and has five sons and one daughter.
(Peter McFadgen, proprietor), Tyne and Tees Streets, Oamaru. These stables were founded in the seventies. The building is of stone, and contains twenty stalls and two loose boxes, and has also good standing room for vehicles. The land attached consists of half an acre, and Mr. McFadgen keeps eleven traps and eleven horses for livery purposes.
, Livery and Bait Stables Proprietor, Northern Stables, Oamaru. Mr. Cunningham has worked these stables since 1901. He is further referred to as a farmer in the Otiake district.
, Livery Stable Proprietor, Swan and Empire Stables, Thames Street, Oamaru. Both Mr. Liken's stables are centrally situated, and have a convenient entrance from the main street in Oamaru. The “Swan” has fifteen stalls and six loose boxes, and the “Empire” twelve stalls and four loose boxes. Mr. Liken resides at Waikaura, near Oamaru, where he has a farm of 575 acres of freehold and leasehold. He also owns 235 acres of freehold at Hilderthorpe. Mr. Liken was born in County Down, Ireland, in 1854, attended school in his native place, and was brought up to country life by his father, who was a farmer. In 1882 he landed at Port Chalmers by the ship “Oamaru,” and was for nine years contracting at Elderslie, before settling at Ngapara, where he farmed for a similar period. At his brother's death Mr. Liken took over the stables in Oamaru, and also went into farming in the district, making a specialty of stud horses of the Clydesdale breed. In this business he has been very successful, and in October, 1903, he sold one of his horses for the high price of £450. Mr. Liken was married, in October, 1881, to a daughter of the late Mr. William Stewart, of Boghill, County Derry, Ireland. Mrs Liken died in 1894, leaving one daughter.
. Horse Trainer, Oamaru. Mr. Evans was born in County Cork, Ireland, in 1858, and arrived with his parents in Oamaru, in 1868, by the ship “Selina.” He was educated at the Oamaru Grammar School, during the headmastership of Mr. Fitzgerald, and was brought up to outdoor life by his father, who had settled in Cave Valley. Mr. Evans was for some years in Australia, and had an hotel at Richmond, Melbourne, for about eight years. In 1893 he returned to Otago, and settled in Oamaru, and has since found employment in horse-training for the local racehorse owners. Mr. Evans has been a rider for many years, having always taken an interest in racing, and has kept racers on his own account.
, which has frontages to Greta and Test Streets, and to
, Caretaker of the Oamaru Cemetery, was born in Mid-Kent England, in August, 1837. After attending school, he became a gardener, and arrived at Port Chalmers in February, 1875, by the ship “Gairloch.” He settled in Oamaru, where he found employment as a gardener, and was employed to plant trees in the cemetery. On the 8th of November, 1875, he was appointed to the position of caretaker, and he also acts as sexton. In the Old Country Mr. Baker was a member of the Order of Foresters. He was married, in 1862, to a daughter of the late Mr.
, Mr. Buckley was born at Waikakahi in 1869, and educated privately in England and at Oxford University. He returned to the Colony in 1891, and afterwards resided with his uncle, the late Mr. John McLean, at Redcastle, Oamaru. Mr. Buckley has held office as president of the Cycling, Coursing, Gymnastic and Tennis Clubs, and has been connected with various other local societies in North Otago.
, Farmer, Fern Hill, Oamaru. Mr. Calder's property consists of 330 acres of freehold, and is worked as a sheep and cattle farm. The proprietor was born, in 1868, in Oamaru, and went to school at North East Valley, Dunedin. He was brought up to country pursuits by his father, Mr. James Calder, who died in 1890. Since that year, Mr. Calder has farmed on his own account at Fern Hill. His principle line is half-bred and cross-bred sheep, and he raises a considerable number of fat lambs every year. Mr. Calder is a member of the Endeavour Lodge of Druids.
, Farmer, Cape Wanbrow, Oamaru. Mr. Campbell was born at Pictu, in the county of Colcester, in Lower Canada, in 1821. He became a ship's carpenter by trade, went to sea as a youth, and had many years' experience, both afloat and ashore. He landed in Victoria in 1851, and had slaughter-yards at Lamplow, Pleasant Point, and Ararat. In 1862 he landed in Otago, and spent about a year at Gabriel's Gully. For five years subsequently he was lightering in Dunedin harbour, and afterwards at Kakanui for a similar period. For about seventeen years he went to sea in his own vessel. Mr. Campbell has always taken considerable interest in mining, and still has a mine at Maerewhenua. As a farmer he owns 600 acres of freehold in the same district, but the land is now leased to a tenant. In 1896 Mr. Campbell bought 350 acres at Cape Wanbrow, but has sold 150 acres, and retains the remainder. He also owns 700 acres of freehold near Owhaka. He owned the Kakanui Hotel for three years. Mr. Campbell was married, in 1896, to Mrs Muldrew, of Maheno, and has one daughter.
, Settler, Oamaru. Mr. Concher was born in Kircudbrightshire, Scotland, in 1851. After leaving school he served his apprenticeship as a carpenter and joiner for five years, and subsequently worked at his trade for four years in Manchester, and for two years in Liverpcol. In 1876 Mr. Concher arrived in Port Chalmers by the ship “Invercargill,” and found employment at his trade in Dunedin until he removed to Oamaru in 1886, when he took the position of head joiner in Messrs McCallum and Co.'s mill. Mr. Concher served in the Kircudbrightshire volunteers for four years. He was married, in 1885, to a daughter of the late Mr. James Wilson, sometime of Edinburgh, and latterly of Dunedin.
, Settler, Thames Street, Oamaru. Mr. Gillies was born in Paisley, Scotland, in 1845, and accompanied his parents to Port Chalmers in the ship “Philip Laing,” in 1848. He went to school in Dunedin
, Settler, Newborough, Oamaru. Mr. Orr was born in the parish of Shotts, Lanarkshire, Scotland, in 1841, and was brought up to country life by his father, who was a farmer. He arrived in Port Chalmers by the ship “Gala.” in 1860, and found employment at East Taieri for a few months. On the outbreak of the goldfields he was attracted thither, and soon afterwards commenced carting to the diggings in Otago, and afterwards on the West Coast. In 1878 he settled in the Oamaru district, and had land at White Rocks. He made periodical trips on the roads to Central Otago, and afterwards owned and worked a threshing mill for a number of years. A severe explosion in connection with his mill at Waiareka nearly terminated fatally, whereupon Mr. Orr gave up that line of life, and removed to Otiake, where he farmed for about seven years. He then purchased Messrs Herbert and Wright's business at Kurow, and engaged in storekeeping till 1889, when he sold the business. About thirteen years later he re-purchased the business, and after realising the stock he leased the premises to Mr. Brooks, who still conducts the store. In the early days Mr. Orr was a member of the Order of Oddfellows.
, Settler, Reed Street, Oamaru. Mr. Rogers was born in 1844, in Morayshire, Scotland, and was brought out to Victoria by his parents in 1848. His father was a shepherd on the Chirnside station, on which Mr. Rogers was brought up. On the outbreak of the diggings in Victoria, he went to Bendigo, and was goldmining for about thirteen years. In 1866 he arrived in Hokitika, Westland; was connected with the Coast till September, 1889, and had considerable experience in sluicing and other methods of mining. During part of that time Mr. Rogers was a member of the Ross Hospital Committee. On removing to Canterbury he took charge of the Hanmer Springs Sanatorium for the Government, and held the position until he retired in 1903. On leaving the district he was presented with a piece of silver plate, and with a gold watch and chain, in recognition of his services during his years of management. Mr. Rogers settled in Oamaru on leaving Hanmer.
, who was one of the oldest settlers in the Oamaru district, was born at Bradford, Yorkshire, England, on the 8th of December, 1827, and brought up to business in a small way in Bradford. Mr. Barraclough settled in Oamaru in March, 1860, when he took the management of Mr. Hassell's wool store. About three years later, he went to live on land which he had purchased, and carried on farming for about two years. He then purchased a property on the Kakanui river, and established a fellmongery, which he conducted successfully for about eight years. In 1872, Mr. Barraclough retired from this business and paid a visit to England, where he remained for over twelve months. After his return to the Colony he entered into land transactions which proved lucrative, and resided at “Meadowbank,” where he had purchased a homestead in 1870. The house was one of the earliest erected in the locality. Mr. Barraclough was married in January, 1850, to a daughter of the late Mr. Samuel Scott, of Bradford, and had one daughter, nine grandchildren and six great grandchildren. He died on the 14th of June, 1899.
Is an old and prominent settler in North Otago. He was born in Oxfordshire, England, in 1826, and was brought up as a surveyor and civil engineer. In the year 1849 he landed at New Plymouth by the ship “Cornwall,” and afterwards visited Nelson and Wellington before landing at Port Chalmers. In 1852 Mr. Borton went to Australia, but returned in the following year to New Zealand. He made three trips to England in 1853, and ultimately settled at Halfway Bush, Dunedin, where he built a house, which is still (1904) standing. With Mr. Julian Jeffreys he took up the Maerewhenua run of 15,000 acres, and the partners afterwards took up additional land, amounting, in all, to a quarter of a million acres. For many years Mr. Borton was interested in this property, and when the policy of the Provincial Government required that a portion of the run should be converted into freehold, about 30,000 acres were bought by the firm. Under Mr. Borton's direction this property was brought fully into cultivation; Mr. Jeffreys retired from the firm in the early stages of the estate's development. Mr. Borton was afterwards joined in partnership by the late Mr. A. McMaster, under the style of Borton and McMaster, the firm existed for many years, and was long one of the best known and most prominent pastoral partnerships in New Zealand; apart from its success as a private business, it rendered valuable service to the colony by importing and breeding stock of the best quality, especially Merino sheep. Ultimately the estate was divided, when Mr. McMaster took the Tokarahi portion, and Mr. Borton retained the Maerewhenua part. In 1895 Mr. Borton's property was acquired for closer settlement by the Government of New Zealand. A railway station on the Kurow branch line is named after Mr. Borton.
was born at Craigmillar Castle, near Edinburgh, in 1826, and served his apprenticeship as a joiner in Edinburgh. In 1861 he arrived in Port Chalmers, per “Lady Egidia.” He was for some time in business as a builder in Invercargill, and was afterwards interested in sawmilling as a member of the firm of Murdoch and McCallum. He has resided in Oamaru since 1878, and retired from the firm
, sometime of Pukeuri, was born in Cumberland. England, in 1827, and brought up to country life. He arrived in Australia, in 1851, and seven years later came to Otago, where he took up a cattle station near Lake Manapouri. In 1863 Mr. Dalzell acquired the Hakataramea Downs station, which he worked for about fifteen years. He removed to the Oamaru district in 1878, and purchased 108 acres of freehold, now known as “Hayton.” at Pukeuri. Mr. Dalzell served as a member of the Oamaru Borough Council for some time. He was married, in 1878, to a daughter of the late Mr. John Hardy, of Oamaru, and at his death, in 1895, left four daughters. Mrs Dalzell survives her husband.
was a member of the Oamaru Borough Council for three years, and served for five years on the Middle School committeee. He was born on the 8th of October, 1845, in Kincardineshire, Scotland, and there he was educated and taught the trade of a tailcr. For five years Mr. Emslie was in business at Stonehaven, and arrived at Port Chalmers by the ship “Invercargill” on the 1st of October, 1875. In the following month he settled in Oamaru, where he commenced business as a tailor, and conducted it till 1883. He then went into business as a fruiterer, in Thames Street, and carried on a successful trade, to which he added that of a pastry cook and confectioner, but in 1901 he sold out both businesses. While in business Mr. Emslie bought several properties in the main street, and has a convenient private residence in Reed Street. Mr. Emslie is a member of the Protestant Alliance Friendly Society. He was married, in 1872, to a daughter of Mr. James Masson, of the city of Aberdeen, and has two sons and three daughters.
, who served in the early days as a member of the Otago Provincial Council, was born in Middlesex, England, in 1821, and was brought up to the profession of a civil engineer. He came out to Port Chalmers in 1856, and settled in the Tokomairiro district, where he farmed for twelve years. He then removed to Dunedin, and practised his profession for about five years, and settled in Oamaru in 1872. Mr. Hardy served as a member of the Oamaru Borough Council, and took a keen interest in public matters generally. At his death, in 1882, he left eight sons and five daughters.
has been prominently connected with the business life of Oamaru for many years. He was born in Glasgow, Scotland, in 1835, was brought up in Ayrshire, and served an apprenticeship of five years to the drapery trade. In 1881 he came to Port Chalmers, by the ship “Lady Egidia,” and after a year in Dunedin he settled in Oamaru, in 1863. There were comparatively few buildings in the township at that time, and Mr. Hood established the first draper's shop in the district in March, 1863, at the foot of Wansbeck Street. Ten years later he and his partner, Mr. John Shennan, built the large shop at the junction of Thames Street and Itchen Street, and there business was carried on till 1883, when the property was sold. For six years afterwards Mr. Hood conducted business in Waterloo House in Thames Street. He afterwards disposed of that business, and has been in the employment of Messrs R. Brown and Co. since 1894. As a Freemason Mr. Hood is attached to Lodge Waitaki, E.C. He was married, in 1860, to a daughter of the late Mr. James Flett, of Fraserborough, Scotland, and has seven sons and three daughters.
was born in 1835 in Glasgow, Scotland, where he received his education, and learned the trade of a stone mason. After working for a time as a journeyman in Manchester and in London, he left the Old Country in November, 1854, and arrived in West Australia at the beginning of the following year. After a year spent on a station, he caught the gold fever, and went to Victoria. On the outbreak of the Gabriel's Gully rush in Otago, Mr. Kay went there, and worked for a time at Weatherstones. He afterwards left for the Ccromandel rush in the Auckland district, but on arriving in Auckland he decided to stop there and work at his trade. On the outbreak of the Dunstan rush, he went there but after a short time on the field returned to Dunedin, and worked for a time at his trade. In 1865 he settled in Oamaru, where he found employment as a stone mason, but was also engaged for a short time on the West Coast as a digger. As an Oddfellow Mr. Kay has been a member for thirty-six years, and has passed all the chairs, and was a trustee of the Loyal Oamaru Lodge for a number of years. He served seven years as a volunteer in No. 1 Company, Oamaru Rifles, and received a land grant for his services. Mr. Kay was married at Oamaru, in January, 1869, to a daughter of the late Mr. James Barclay, of Gourock, Scotland, and has one son and four daughters.
was a prominent colonist in North Otago for over thirty-five years, and served on the Oamaru Harbour Board and other local bodies till the state of his health necessitated his retirement. He was born at Petton, near Shrewsbury, England, on the 24th of February,
, Old Colonist, who has been settled in Oamaru for over forty years, and who was for some time a member of the Borough Council, was born in 1839 in London. At an early age he was apprenticed to a tobacconist, but ran away to sea when twelve years old. For about eighteen months he served on the barque ‘Sibella,” which he left in the East Indies to join the brig “Hermione,” in which he worked his passage to Melbourne, where he commenced his colonial career at the age of fourteen. After a year in Melbourne he went off to the gold-fields, which he followed for eight years. In 1861 he was attracted to Otago, spent nine months at Gabriel's Gully and settled in Oamaru in 1862. With Mr. S. E. Shrimski, after wards a member of the Legislative Council, he founded the firm of Shrimski and Moss, and they erected the first stone business premises in Oamaru. After the senior partner of the firm entered political life, Mr. Moss conducted business on his own account. Mr. Moss has always taken a keen interest in sport, is one of the oldest directors of the Caledonian Society, and has been a member of the North Otago Jockey Club for over thirty years.
, Old Colonist, was born in Glasgow in 1810, and landed at Port Chalmers by the ship “Silistria,” on the 12th of October, 1862. He settled in Canterbury on his arrival in New Zealand, and in 1882 he removed to Oamaru, where he made his permanent residence. In 1838, Mr. McHutcheson joined the total abstinence movement, then in its infancy, and took an active part in its early struggles, which were carried on amidst great opposition.
, now of Deborah, near Oamaru, but who resided at Livingstone for about thirty years, was born in 1829, in Cavan, Ireland, and landed in Victoria in 1852. He was one of the diggers who landed in Otago in 1861, and was among the first to rush to the various fields as they were discovered, and had many lively experlences. About 1838 Mr. McQuade settled at Livingstone and commenced farming. He was one of the first to discover gold there, and, with others, agitated for the proclamation of the district as a goldfield. Mr. McQuade was a member and chairman of the Livingstone school committee, and a trustee of the cemetery. He was married, in 1851, to Miss White, of Cavan, who died four years later, in Victoria, leaving one son and one daughter; the son afterwards died. In 1858 Mr. McQuade married a daughter of the late Mr. P. Ellis, of Cornwall, and this lady left five sons and five daughters at her death in 1895. Mr. McQuade contracted a third marriage, in 1898, with the widow of Mr. James Matheson, some time of Aberdeen, Scotland.
was born in Lanarkshire, Scotland, in 1839, and was brought up by his father as a farmer. In 1862 he arrived in Port Chalmers, and, settling in the Oamaru district, he carried on farming at White Rocks till 1886. He was a member of the Oamaru Borough Council for a short time, and was connected with the Agricultural and Pastoral Association as a member of the committee almost from its inception, and occupied office as vice-president. As a judge of Ayrshire cattle, in which he had been a prize-taker, his services were frequently in request in various parts of Canterbury. Mr. Orr was also for some years connected with the North Otago Caledonian Society, of which he was at one time a director, and he was a member of the Endeavour Lodge, United Ancient Order of Druids. He was married, in 1869, to a daughter of Mr. J. Turnbull, of Lanark, and had two sons and four daughters. Mr. Orr died in June, 1901.
was born in Glasgow, Scotland, in 1832, and was there educated and brought up to mercantile life. Before leaving his native land he was in business as a brush manufacturer. Mr. Stevenson landed in Port Chalmers, in 1882, from the ship “Invercargill,” and settled in Oamaru, where he succeeded his late brother, Mr Robert Stevenson, in 1888, as secretary to the Benevolent Society. Mr. Stevenson was closely identified with Columba Church, from its foundation in July, 1883, and acted as one of the managers, and as treasurer for a considerable period. He was married, in 1862, to a daughter of the late Mr. J. Paterson, of Edinburgh, compositor, and had one daughter. Mr. Stevenson died on the 21st of July, 1902.
, who was well known in the Oamaru district as a builder and contractor, in Dee Street, was born in Caithness Scotland, in 1889. Having learned his trade, he came out to New Zealand in the ship “Strathallan,' in 1858. For about a year he was working in Dunedin, prior to settling in the Oamaru district in 1860. He was for a short time on the Waitahuna diggings, and was afterwards at Fox's. Then he went to farm at Warepa but, a year later, removed to Levels station, near Timaru, where he continued for a year. In 1868 he settled in Oamaru, where he henceforth carried on as a builder and contractor, up to the time of his death, by drowning, in October, 1903, at the mouth of the Waitaki river. Mr. Sinclair erected a number of prominent buildings, such as the Colonial (now New Zealand) Bank, the Union Bank, St. Paul's Presbyterian church, the Oamaru Woollen Factory, Otekaike House, additions to St. Luke's Anglican church, and to the residence of Mr. John Bullied, besides a large number of shops and private residences in the district. He served for about six years as a member of the Oamaru Borough Council, and during that period the water and gas works in connection with the borough were taken in hand. For many years he took an active part in connection with the Caledonian Society. He had vivid recollections of the condititon of Oamuru in 1860, when the creek, which passes under the bridge in Thames Street, was spanned by a single plank, which, when carried away by a flood, left one part of the community cut off from the other, for fully three days. Mr. Sinclair was married, in 1888, to a daughter of the late Mr. James Bell, of Glasgow, and left three sons and three daughters.
, J.P., who settled in the “Retreat,” Newborough, in 1882, has had a large seafaring experience. He was born in 1833, at Ceres, Fifeshire, Scotland, and educated at Arbroath, Forfarshire; went to sea at the age of thirteen, and became mate in 1857 and master in the following year. In 1860 he married a daughter of the late Mr. James Bain, of Arbroath, and he and Mrs. Turpie went to Mauritius, where for two years he had charge of the s s. “Neptune.” Subsequently he was captain of the barque “Genevieve,” in which he made two voyages to Ceylon, and was introduced to New Zealand on the 17th of January, 1862, by being shipwrecked at the
was Mayor of Oamaru for two years, and chairman of the Harbour Board for a similar period. He was born at Warrington, Lancashire, England, educated in Manchester, and studied at the Manchester Infirmary. In 1853 and 1858 he took his degrees (Member of the Royal College of Surgeons England, Licentiate of the Faculty of Physicians and Surgeons, Glasgow, and Licentiate of Midwifery, Glasgow), and became the assistant surgeon to the 7th Lancashire Militia. He arrived in Port Chalmers in November, 1863, by the ship “Persia.” Dr. Wait settled in Oamaru, and practised his profession for many years in the district. As a prominent Freemason he was the founder of Lodge Waitaki, of which he was the Master for three years. He laid the foundation stone of the first jetty in Oamaru, turned the first sod of the Waitaki-Moeraki railway, served as chairman of the Kakanui Road Board, and held other public positions. Dr. Wait was married, in 1854, to the daughter of Mr. Edward Dawson, of Bury, Lancashire, and has two sons and one daughter.
is a residential suburb on the Beach road, which leads to Kakanui and Maheno. It nestles among the hills on the south boundary of the borough, and had a population of 299 at the census of 1901. The post office of the district in conducted at the local store, and there is also a Primitive Methodist church and Sunday school. South Oamaru is in the Kakanui riding of the county of Waitaki, and there are a number of dairy farms in the immediate neighbourhood.
, Settler, South Oamaru, Mr. Adams was born in 1849, in Somersetshire, England, where he was educated, and brought up as a baker and grocer —a trade which he followed for seven years. His father was a brick and tile manufacturer, and he was also in that line of business for five years. Ho then went to South Wales, where he was employed for four years in coalmining. In 1877 he arrived in Lyttelton by the ship “Waitangi,” and settled in the Oamaru district, with which he has since then been connected. Mr. Adams has been employod chiefly in grain stores, and has been head storeman for the National Mortgage and Agency Company in Oamaru since 1892. In the Old Country he was a member of the Order of Foresters, and brought his clearance to the colony, but is unattached in New Zealand. Mr. Adams has an acre and a half of freehold land in South Oamaru with a residence upon it, and also a quarter-acre section with a house on it. He was married, in 1871, to a daughter of the late Mr. William Preem, of Gloucestershire, England. Mrs Adams died in 1884, leaving three daughters. Mr. Adams has been connected with the Primitive Methodist church and Sunday school in South Oamaru for over twenty years.
, Farmer, Awamoa, near Oamaru. Mr. McGillivray was born in the parish of Glenbervie, in Kincardineshire, Scotland, in 1882, and resided there until 1846, when he went to Edinburgh to school. On leaving school, he entered a law office, in 1818, and remained there for about four years. On his health giving way, he removed to the south of England, where he remained for five years. On getting married to a daughter of the late Mr. William Robertson, farmer, Ferntosh, Ross-shire, in 1850, he resolved to try his fortune in New Zealand, for which he took passage in the ship “Alpine,” which arrived at Port Chalmers on the 12th of September, in the same year. For some time he settled in Dunedin, where he found employment as a carpenter. In August, 1860, he removed to Oamaru, with the late Hon. Matthew Holmes, for whom he built the Totara station buildings, On completing these works he returned again to Dunedin, where he built Mrs Muir's Private Hotel on the Bell Hill, and several other buildings; but on business becoming dull in Dunedin, he went to Riverton, where he found employment at his trade, On things becoming dull in Riverton, he removed to Myross Bush, near Invercargill. Afterwards he became a teacher under the Southland Education Board, and was for two years and a half at Mavis Bush. In 1871 Mr. McGillivray gave up teaching, and resumed farming in the Winton district, where he remained until 1887, when he disposed of his Winton farm and took up land in the Mataura district, where he commenced dairy farming, and was fairly successful until his health failed, and he sold out in 1902. While in the Winton district Mr. McGillivray was a member of the school committee. He also took an active interest in matters affecting the farming community, and in 1882 he called public meetings, at which he urged the farmers to form a Union to uphold their own interests, and also to form a co-operative society and endeavour, through such a society, to obtain cheaper money. This was strenuously opposed by the merchants and money lenders. In the same year Mr. McGillivray drafted a Drainage Act, which was brought before Parliament by the late Mr. Macandrew, and became law the same year, after many alterations and additions. In 1901–2 he assisted the late Mr. R. Dodds in advocating that taxation for county purposes should be raised on the unimproved value of land, which was ultimately carried in Southland, He also assisted in forming a
Farmers' Union in Gore, and the Southland Farmers' Co-operative Association there. In 1901 he imported the famous Newmarket oat, the best milling and all round oat in Britain. Mr. McGillivray returned to the Oamaru district in 1903, having purchased a portion of the Awamoa estate, and is again a resident there.
, sometime of Awamoa Creek, was born in Ayrshire, Scotland, and became a gamekeeper under the Earl of Rosebery, with whom he served for a number of years at Bambogle Castle. He came to Port Chalmers by the ship “Saville” in 1862, and subsequently had some experience on the West Coast diggings. In 1866 Mr. Wallace settled in the Oamaru district, where he constructed several rcads, incoulding Wansbeck Street, in the borough of Oamaru, and the Awamoa Cutting; and he also had the contract for the Oamaru Reservoir. Subsequently Mr. Wallace was engaged for many years in cropping on the Waikakahi estate, South Canterbury, and when it was cut up for closer settlement he became an original selector, and built a house and effected many improvements on his property. His home, however, was for a period of twenty-nine years at Awamoa Creek, near Oamaru, where he had twenty-seven acres of leaschold land. Mr. Wallace was always a keen sportsman. He was married, in 1861, to a daughter of the late Mr. Alexander Smith, of Lanarkshire, Scotland, and at his death in December, 1902, at the age of sixtysix, left three sons. His wife died in 1898.
is a residential suburb on the north boundary of the borough of Oamaru, and is built on both sides of the main road. It is in the Papakaio riding of the Waitaki county, and at the census of 1901 had a population of ninety-eight. There is a post office in the district, and the Waitaki Boys' High School is situated in the locality.
, Commercial Traveller, “Hazelbrae,” Newborough. Mr. Robinson was born in Cumberland, England, in 1851, and was educted partly in his native county and partly at St. Andrew's, Fifeshire. He was brought up in the Old Country to the soft goods business, and came to Port Chalmers by the ship “Invercargill” in 1874. After his arrival in Dunedin he entered the service of Messrs Butterworth Brothers, with whom he remained for fourteen years and a half; since then he has been in the employment of Messrs Sargood, Son and Ewen. In 1895 Mr. Robinson visited England, and on his return, settled at “Hazelbrae,” Newborough. As a Freemason, he is attached to Lodge Waitaki, New Zealand Consitution. Mr. Robinson was married, in 1884, to a daughter of the late Mr. J. C. Taylor, of Invercargill, and has three daughters.
is about five miles from Oamaru, on the main road, at the point where it branches towards the Waitaki valley. At the railway station, which is an important junction, and six miles north of Oamaru, the branch line to Kurow and Hakataramea leaves the main line. The railway station is also the post and telephone office. There is a creamery close to the station, and otherwise the township consists of a hotel, and a blacksmith's shop. The district has a considerable area of flat land, which extends to the base of the hills, which rise up towards Papakaio and Ardgowan, Pukeuri is in the Papakaio riding of the Waitaki county, and had a population of 269 at the census of 1901.
was established about the end of 1880. on the opening of the line. The north express stops to set down passengers for the Kurow branch, and four ordinary trains pass through the station daily.
, Stationmaster and Postmaster at Pukeuri Junction, was appointed to the position in 1901, bavin previously been stationmaster at Granity, Westland, for two years. He was also at Seddonville for some time. Mr. Kirkpatrick was born at Dunedin, and received his education at the Dunedin Collegiate and Normal schools, He joined the railway department in 1884, as a cadet. In 1893 he was transferred to Burnside, Otago, where for four years he was assistant stationmaster. In 1897 he was promoted to be traffic-clerk at Westport, and he was thence further promoted to Seddonville. He was married, in 1898, to a daughter of Mr. W. A. Fastier, of the Railway Department, Dunedin, and has two daughters.
, was built in 1871, mainly through the efforts of Messrs Duncan, Gray, Easton, Cuthbertson, and Goodall. The first building cost over £250, but, owing to the Increase of scholars, it was found too small, and a more commodious building was erected. It is beautifully situated on the side of a hill, commanding a good view of land and sea, and is surrounded by a playground, an acre in extent. Two large play sheds are attached to the school; and there is a fine new school hall (50 × 20). The average attendance for the year is about seventy.
, the Headmaster of the Pukeuri Public School, was born near Balclutha, in 1865. He was educated at Hillend and at the Tokomairio High School; was two years in the Normal Training College, Dunedin, and one year at the University, having gained a scholarship at the Dunedin Training College, tenable for two years. Mr. Moir's first school was Circle Hill, where he remained for sixteen months. He then removed to Mount Cargill, where he taught for six years, and was appointed to Pukeuri in 1893. Mr. Moir, who holds a D1 certificate, was married in 1893 to Miss Moir, of Balelutha.
, Farmer, “Whit-burgh,” Pukeuri. Mr. Easton was born in 1832 in Midlothian, Scotland, where he was educated and brought up to farming. He landed at Port Chalmers in 1858 from the ship “Jura,” and worked for three years at Messrs Pyke Brothers' station at Waikakahi. Afterwards he bought 120 acres near Totara, which was farmed by him until the year 1873, when he disposed of it, and formed his present substantial home at Pukeuri. “Whitburgh” consists of 500 acres; and in addition to this area, Mr Easton leased and farmed 1500 acres at Waimate for some years. Mr. Easton can depend on raising fair crops in the driest season, as his land draws moisture from the sea. For a number of years Mr. Easton was a member of the now defunct Papapaio Road Board, and was chairman of the library committee and a
, Farmer, “Frankfield,” Pukeuri, Mr. Gray was born in Lanarkshire, Scotland, in 1826, was educated in his native place and worked on his father's farm. In 1862 he emigrated to New Zealand, and went to Oamaru, when he worked for Mr. John Allan for twelve months. He then bought a team of three horses, paying £92 per head for two and £55 for the third, and commenced carrying to the diggings, as high as £110 per ton being paid at that time for freight from Oamaru to Albertown. This rate was soon reduced to £60, though the price of oats was fifteen shillings per bushel. Mr. Gray bought seventy-four acres of land from the Government at thirty shillings per acre. It was in its native state, and he put it down in wheat. In the first year he threshed at the rate of twenty-five bushels per acre, and realised ten shillings per bushel. Since his original purchase, Mr. Gray has bought other land, paying as high as £21 5s per acre for it, and he now owns 550 acres in all. He was a member of the first road board formed in the district, and also a member of local school and church committees. Mr. Gray was married, in 1861, to Miss Waddell, of Lanarkshire, and has six sons and seven daughters.
is situated ten miles north-wast of Oamaru and was established in 1867. The original building has been replaced by one containing two class-rooms. The average attendance for the year is about fifty. The school-bell is connected by electric wires to the clock and contrived to automatically summon the pupils at the opening hours and other appointed times during the day. The children at the first sound of the bell form into marching order, and when the bell stops ringing move into school, even if the teachers are attending to other duties. Punctuality is the first order of the day at the Papakaio school.
. Headmaster of the Papaknio school, was born in 1867, at Port Chalmers, and was educated there and at the Dunedin Training College. He was appointed master of the Evansdale school in 1889, and to his present position in 1893.
, Papakaio, was erected in 1893, and stands on a section of two acres. The building is of Oamaru stone, and has sitting accommodation for 220 worshippers, Behind the church there is a schoolroom, which will accommodate 100 persons, and the Sunday school, which is held in this building, has an average attendance of about eighty. In addition to the church, there is a very fine two-storey manse, which belongs to the congregation.
, Minister in charge of the Presbyterian Church at Papakaio, wan born in 1844, in Ayrshire, Scotland, Mr. Steven was educated at the Otago University, and studied at Theological Hall, Dunedin, He was ordained on the 19th of August, 1875, Mr. Steven was married in the same year to a daughter of the late Mr. Kerr, of Ayrshire, and has two daughters and one son.
(John Cameron and John Hunter, proprietors), Papakaio, This fine property, which lies on the hills between Enfield and Papakaio, consists of about 2600 acres of freehold land, and runs about 3000 cross-bred sheep.
, one of the Proprietors, was born in Roxburghshire, Scotland, in 1844, and followed a farming life until coming to Port Chalmers in 1884, by the ship “City of Dunedin.” Mr. Hunter was a shepherd in the Waitaki Valley for three years, and subsequently had a farm
, Farmer, “The Firs,” Papakaio. Mr. Whyte was born in Perthshire, Scotland, in 1852, and came out to Victoriá in the following year with his parents, who crossed to New Zealand in 1856. He was educated and brought up to farming in the Colony and settled at Papakaio in 1878. The “Firs” is a compact property of 185 acres, and is fully fenced and improved. Mr. Whyte in a member of the Order of Oddfellows and has long been connected as a member with the North Otago Agricultural and Pastoral Association. He was married to a daughter of Mr. J. Findlay, of Hampden, and has three sons and two daughters.
is an agricultural and pastoral district in the Papakaio riding of the Waitaki county, and in the Oamaru electorate. The name Awamoko is also that of a riding of the county, which does not include the settlement of Awamoko itself, though it includes Black Point, Borton's, Georgetown, Island Cliff, Maerewhenua Settlement, Ngapara Tables, Tapui and Tokorahi. The population of the entire riding is 933; that of Awamoko is 124, and of the adjoining Tables, fifty-five. The district is served by a flag station on the Oamaru-Duntroon line of railway, named Aitcheson's, which is seventeen miles from Oamaru, and 261 feet above sea level. There is a public hall, public school, and a creamery in the district. The local post office is at the residence of the schoolmaster, at Waikoura bridge.
, which serves an extensive district between Peebles and Georgetown, was established in the seventies. It stands on a site of three-quarters of an acre, and has accommodation for eighty pupils. There are forty-eight names on the roll, and the average attendance is forty. The school residence is at the Waikoura Creek Bridge, on the main road, and has a glebe of ten acres of land. Mr. A. H. Williamson is the headmaster.
, Farmer, Glen Kerry, Awamoko. Mr. Henderson was born in Roxburghshire, Scotland, in 1831. He was brought up as a shepherd and came to Port Chalmers in the ship “Robert Henderson” in 1860. For the first year he was employed as a shepherd at “Ben Lomond,” and for four years subsequently was at “Benmore.” In 1867 Mr. Henderson settled on the first part of his property at Awamoko, and he has always engaged in mixed farming. Glen Kerry, consists of 248 acres of freehold land and eighty acres of leasehold. Mr. Henderson has served on school committees in various parts of the colony. He was married, in 1867, to a daughter of the late Mr. Thomas Hall, of Boughtrig Farm, Awamoko, and has a surviving family of four daughters and one son.
, J.P., Farmer, “Gavinton,” Awamoko. Mr. Johnston was born on the 8th of July, 1839, in Berwickshire, Scotland, and has always been accustomed to pastoral pursuits. He arrived at Port Chalmers by the ship “Storm Cloud, in 1862, had some experience at the Otago goldfields, and was afterwards among the first to arrive on the West Coast. In February, 1866, Mr. Johnston bought the first portion of his estate at Awamoko; he has since increased its area, and also leases an educational reserve. He served for a number of years on the Awamoko Road Board, and afterwards represented that riding on the Waitaki County Council for a number of years. Mr. Johnston was married, in 1873, to a daughter of the late Mr. Thomas Lunam, of Awamoko, and has two sons and two daughters.
, Farmer, Awamoko. Mr. King was born in Chirnside, Berwickshire, Scotland, in 1833, and was brought up to country life. He arrived in Port Chalmers, in 1860, by the ship “Robert Henderson,” and was for a year on the Taieri Plains. He spent two years on the gold diggings, at Gabriel's Gully, and the Dunstan, and after a further two years spent in Dunedin, he settled in the Awamoko district in 1865. Soon afterwards Mr. King purchased the first part of his freehold, on which his homestead stands, and he now holds 300 acres of freehold and eighty acres of private leasehold land. There were hardly any other settlers in the district when Mr. King settled there, and he is said to have been the first to plough a piece of ground on the Waitaki Plains. He was one of the first members of the Awamoko school committee, on which he has long held a seat. Mr. King was married in January, 1865, to a daughter of the late Mr. Thomas Lunam, of Awamoko, and there is a family of four sons and two daughters.
, sometime of Boughtrig Farm, Awamoko, was born at Burnhead, Roxburghshire, Scotland, where his father was a farm manager. He came to Port Chalmers in 1861 by the ship “Pladda,” and was employed for some time by the late Mr. Fenwick, at Ben Lomond, and was then a shepherd under Mr. Falloon. Mr. Hall was afterwards for some years overseer on the Maerewhenua estate under Messrs Borton and McMaster, and ultimately took up Boughtrig Farm at Awamoko, which he farmed till his death in March, 1886. Mr. Hall married a daughter of the late Mr. Alexander Kerss, of Berwickshire, Scotland, and left two daughters and one son. Mrs Hall still (1904) survives her husband.
, sometime of “Annandala,” Awamoko, was born at the Hake, near Lochberie, Dumfriesshire, Scotland, and came to Port Chalmers in 1862 by the ship “Jura.” He spent several years gold mining in Otago and on the West Coast, and finally settled at Awamoko, where, in conjunction with his brother, Mr. Thomas Jardine he purchased “Annandale,” consisting of about 600 acres of freehold, which the brothers farmed till the death of Mr. T. Jardine. Mr. James Jardine died in 1888, at the age of forty-nine. He was married, in 1876, to a daughter of the late Mr. Thomas Hall, of Boughtrig Farm, Awamoko.
is a native of Yetholm, Roxburghshire, Scotland, and came to New Zealand with her father, the late Mr. Thomas Hall, who arrived at Port Chalmers by the ship “Pladda,” in 1861. Mrs Jardine is the widow of the late James Jardine, farmer, “Annandale,” Awamoko, who arrived from Scotland by the ship “Jura,” in 1862. Mr. Jardine died in 1886 at his residence, and Mrs Jardine carries on, at Awamoko, the farm, which the brothers, James and Thomas Jardine, purchased a short time after their arrival in New Zealand.
is a farming settlement in the Waitaki Valley, and on the adjoining tablelands. It is in the Awamoko riding of the Waitaki county and in the Oamaru electorate. The population of the village and tablelands at the census of 1901 was 118. The flag station on the Oamaru-Duntroon-Hakataramea branch line of railway, eighteen miles distant from Oamaru, stands at an elevation of 267 feet above sea level, and is named Uxbridge. The main road between Kurow and Oamaru runs right through the village, which consists of a post and telegraph office at the local blacksmith's shop, a hotel and a store. The district is served by a creamery at Awamoko, and a public hall and school in the same district. There are many freeholders at Georgetown, the district having been settled in the early seventies. Church services are held at the Awamoko hall and school.
(Robert Forrest, proprietor), Georgetown. This hotel was established in the early eighties, and the building, which was enlarged in 1895, is of wood and iron. It contains seven bedrooms, two sitting rooms, besides kitchen, bar, and a commodious dining room, which will accommodate from sixteen to twenty guests. There is a three-stall stable, and a paddock of an acre and a half adjoins the hotel.
, the Proprietor. was born in Lanarkshire, Scotland, on the 10th of December, 1851, was brought up to the trade of a baker, and was in business as such for some years in two different parts of Scotland. He was for eight years contractor for stores on the Girvan-Port Patrick line of railway in Ayrshire. In 1883 he came to Wellington by the ship “Port Glasgow.” Mr. Forrest settled at St. Andrews, Canterbury, and for four years conducted the store now owned by Messrs J. Young and Son. In 1887 he removed to Georgetown, and bought the freehold of the hotel, which he has since conducted in conjunction with the general store which is carried on in a separate building. In 1900 Mr. Forrest took a trip Home, and visited England, Scotland and Ireland. He travelled by the s.s. “China,” which was wrecked near Perram, at the mouth of the Red Sea, and the passengers had to continue their voyage in the s.s. “Carthage.” Mr. Forrest was initiated as a Freemason at Girvan, in Lodge St. John, Scottish Constitution, but he is not affiliated in New Zealand. He was married, on the 21st of December, 1875, to a daughter of the late Mr. William Strain, of Wishaw, Scotland.
(James and Robert Glenn), Farmers, “Te Puke,” Georgetown. “Te Puke” consists of 1577 acres of freehold. The land, which is mostly rolling downs, and free from cliffs, is good cropping and sheep country, and carries about 3000 sheep. There are three homesteads on the estate, which is subdivided into twenty paddocks, and about 400 acres are annually laid down in cereals; wheat and oat crops average forty and sixty bushels an acre, respectively.
was born at Greymouth in 1870, and went to school at Manaia. Taranaki, where he was brought up to country life. He farmed in that district in conjunction with his father and brother for some time, and joined the latter at Georgetown in 1902. Mr. Glenn was married, in 1899. to a daughter of the late Mr. Thomas Parsons, of Otakaio, Taranaki, and has two sons.
was born in 1875 at Greymouth, and, like his brother, attended school and gained experience in agricultural and pastoral pursuits at Manaia, Taranaki, before settling at Georgetown in 1898. Mr. Glenn was married in July, 1900, to a daughter of Mr. H. B. Williamson, of Wanganui, and has one son and one daughter.
, Farmer, “Baltora,” Georgetown. Mr. Hutchison was born in 1859 in Launceston, Tasmania, and was brought by his parents to New Zealand when a year old. He was trained to farming in the Awamoko district, and worked with his father till 1899, when he started on his own account. Mr. Hutchison served as a volunteer in the Otago Hussars, for three years, for a similar period in the North Otago Mounted Rifles and for a year in the Duntroon Rifles. He has been a member of the Awamoko school committee since 1899. Mr. Hutchison was married, in 1899, to a daughter of the late Mr. William Grant Munro, of Otamatata and has one son and three daughters. Mrs Hutchison, who was the widow of the late Mr. William Shirres, of Awamoko, had one daughter and three sons by her first marriage.
, Farmer, “Rocklands,” Georgetown. Mr. McAuley is the son of a farmer in County Meath, Ireland, and was born in Dublin, in 1839. He went to school in Dublin, and at Tullow in County Carlow, and was brought up to farming. Mr. McAuley came out to Melbourne in 1860, and shortly afterwards arrived in Otago, and had some experience as a gold seeker at Gabriel's Gully. He was a shepherd for some time
is a flourishing district, a portion of which was originally part of the Maerewhenua estate. The land is held mostly under leases in perpetuity, but there are also a considerable number of freeholders. It is a mixture of hill and flat, and is well suited for cropping and the raising of stock. The main road from Oamaru to Kurow passes along the flat, and also the Oamaru-Duntroon-Hakataramea branch line of railway. Borton's is the name of the flag station, which is twenty-four miles from Oamaru, and 354 feet above the level of the sea. There is a telephone bureau adjoining the railway station, and the business of the post office is conducted at the public school on the hill. Kokoamo is in the Awamoko riding of the Waitaki county, and in the electorate of Mount Ida.
was established in 1895. It standa on the hilly portion of the settlement about three miles from Borton's flag station. There is a glebe of eight acres, and the buildings comprise a schoolroom, built of wood and iron, and a school residence of four rooms. The school has accmmodation for ninety pupils, and there are twenty-five names on the roll. The average attendance is twenty-two.
, who is in charge at Kokoamo school, was born in Glasgow, Scotland. When an infant she came to the colony with her parents, was educated in the Union Street school, Dunedin, served her pupil-teachership at the North East Velley school, and after two years' training at the Normal College she was appointed to the Moa Creek school in 1895. She remained there for four years, and was then for two years at Moa Flat. Miss Church was appointed to Kokoamo in 1902.
, Duntroon. This fine property was purchased by Mr. Charles Nichols in 1889, and has an area of 1653 acres. Like the majority of properties in the district it is devoted to grain-growing, and rearing and fattening stock. Mr. Nichols has obtained the best results by putting Shropshire Down rams to crossbred ewes, in order to raise fat lambs for the export trade. In this way he disposes of fifty per cent, of grass-fed lambs, and fattens the balance on rape and turnips. The dwelling-house is beautifully situated on a rise commanding a good view of the mountains, Waitaki river and valley, and is well sheltered from the
, J.P., Proprietor of Brookstead Estate, was born in Tasmania, in 1863, and was educated at Christ's College Grammar School, Christchurch, and Jesus College, Cambridge. He has always followed farming.
, Overseer of Brookstead Estate, Kokoamo, was born at Bonniebridge. Falkirk, Scotland, on the 9th of August. 1873, and was brought as an infant to Port Chalmers in the ship “Jessie Readman.” His family settled at Maheno, and for some years he found employment in the Kakanui district. Latterly Mr. Halkett entered the employment of Mr. Charles Nichols, proprietor of “Brookstead,” and was promoted to the position of overseer in 1901. He was married, in 1893, to a daughter of Mr. William McGregor, of Redcliffe, and has two sons and one daughter; one daughter having died.
, Farmer, Borton's, Kokoama. Mr. Duncan was born in Aberdeenshire, Scotland, in 1856. He was brought up to country life in his native place, and came to Port Chalmers by the ship “Parsee” in 1876. Mr. Duncan learned the trade of a blacksmith at Outram, where he was subsequently in business on his own account for several years. He worked at his trade at Ngapara for seven years, and was afterwards for a similar period at Otiake. On the opening of the Maerewhenua settlement in 1897, Mr. Duncan acquired 367 acres under a lease in perpetuity, and on this property he has erected his homestead and effected considerable improvements. While in the Outram district Mr. Duncan was a member of the Order of Oddfellows, and since residing at Borton's, he has been a member of the Kokoama school committee. He was married, in 1882, to a daughter of the late Mr. James Reid, of Taieri, and has three daughters and six sons.
, Farmer, “Riversleigh,” Borton's, Kokoamo. Mr. Laird was born in July, 1861, in Renfrewshire, Scotland, where he was brought up to country life. For two years after his father's death he farmed on his own account till the expiration of the lease in 1884, and in that year he came to Port Chalmers by the s.s. “Florida.” He worked for three years in the Taieri district, and then removed to Tokarahi, where he took agricultural contracts for about ten yeas; and was subsequently for three years cropping at Otekaike. In 1898, on the opening up of the Maerewhenua estate, Mr. Laird took up 313 acres of land, situated on the flat between the railway station at Borton's and the Waitaki river. Mr. Laird holds his land under a lease in perpetuity, and carries on mixed farming. He has erected his homestead, and effected many improvements. Mr. Laird was married, in 1897, to a daughter of Mr. George Grant, of Middlemarch, and has two daughters and one son
, Junior, Farmer, “Brae Bank,” Kokoamo. Mr. Reid was born in 1867, at Elderslie, and went to school at Ngapara. He gained experience in farming on the Elderslie estate, and in 1895 became one of the original selectors on the Maerewhenua Settlement. His property consists of 605 acres of land, held under a lease in perpetuity, and is worked as an agricultural farm and sheep station.
, near Kokoamo, the property of Mr. James A. Taylor, was purchased by its present owner in 1880, and since then the land has been brought into a high state of cultivation, chiefly for grain
was born in 1849 in the Orkney Islands, where he passed his early years in following farming. He came to Port Chalmers in 1868, in the ship “Helenslea,” from Glasgow. After staying about a year in the neighbourhood of Dunedin, he removed to the Duntroon district, and settled on the tablelands six years later. At that time there were very few permanent settlers, who were large growers of grain, and wheat sold at from 4s to 5s per bushel. Mr. Taylor was married in 1889, to Miss Don, and has three sons and two daughters who drove daily to the Duntroon school, seven miles distant, and travelled over 30,000 miles in that manner.
, Farmer, Springbank, Kokoamo. Mr. Taylor was born in 1849, in the Orkney Islands, where he was educated and followed farming during his early years. He came to New Zealand, in 1871, by the ship “William Davie,” and took up his present farm of 558 acres. The country was then in its natural state and one could ride for ten miles without coming in contact with any fence. Mr. Taylor applied himself to the cultivation of wheat, which he sold for a number of years at an average of 4s per bushel, but after his farm was fenced and sub-divided, he bred and fattened crossbred sheep, the Leicester variety being his favourite. The stable is a substantial stone building, and the house is situated on elevated ground sheltered by a well-grown plantation. Mr. Taylor served on the Waitaki Road Board till it was merged in the County Council, and he is a member of the North Otago Agricultural and Pastoral Association; he is also on the school committee, and took an active part in establishing the Kokoamo school and post office. Mr. Taylor was married, in 1879, to Miss Robertson, and has one son and six daughters.
is the name of a picturesque township on the south side of the Waitaki Valley. The main road between Oamaru and Kurow runs through the settlement, as also the Oamaru-Duntroon-Hakataramea branch line of railway. Duntroon is in the Otekaike riding of the Waitaki county and in the Mount Ida electorate. The population of the settlement and vicinity at the census of 1901 was 231; this is altogether apart from the Maerewhenua settlement, which occupies the flat and hills just over the railway traffic bridge spanning the Maerewhenua river. This settlement is in the Awamoko riding of the Waitaki county, and at the same census had a population of 119. There is a railway station and post office combined at Duntroon, which is twenty-eight miles from Oamaru, and 446 feet above sea level. The buildings in the township occupy a terrace overlooking the Waitaki river flats, which extend for a full mile towards that river. Duntroon possesses Anglican and Presbyterian churches, and a Defence Hall, which is the largest building in the township. This hall was erected in 1902 by local subscriptions, money obtained by a bazaar, and a pound for pound subsidy from the Government. It is under the control of the volunteer authorities, the local corps being named the Duntroon Rifles; and the hall is used for drill purposes as well as for public meetings and entertainments. A portion of the hall is occupied as a public library, which was first established in 1887, and was originally kept at the local school. Duntroon has two publichouses, two stores, besides bootmakers' and tailors' shops, and a bakery and butchery. There are two blacksmiths in the district, and a creamery, which adjoins the Maerewhenua flag station on the opposite side of the river from the township. Fortnightly sales of stock are held in the local saleyards. There is an agency of the National Bank, which is attended by that bank's Kurow manager, every Friday. Duntroon is the centre of a rich agricultural and pastoral district, and is remarkable for its dry and bracing climate. The water of the Maerewhenua river is discoloured by the mining operations carried on at Livingstone, and the Maerewhenua diggings.
combined is built of wood and iron, and contains a public lobby, ladies' waiting-room, and general offices. There are also a goods shed and cattle loading yards. Two trains pass through the station daily, by each of which mails are received and despatched. Mr. William McLeod is stationmaster and postmaster.
, which occuples a fine site overlooking the township and the Waitaki Valley, was established in 1879. The building has since been enlarged, and contains two classrooms, with a division lobby. There is accommodation for 120 pupils; there are eighty names on the roll, and the average attendance is seventy. About three acres of land are attached to the school
, Headmaster of the Duntroon Public School, was educated at the Union Street school, Dunedin. He served for four years as a pupil teacher at the Macandrew Road school, and was for two years at the Normal Training College, Dunedin, after which he became a relieving teacher under the Board. In August, 1895, he was appointed headmaster of the Lowburn school, which he left in April, 1901, and was for two years first assistant at Oamaru South school. He was appointed to Duntroon in April, 1903. Mr. Stewart is a member of the North Otago branch of the Educational Institute. He was married, on the 22nd of December, 1897, to a daughter of Mr. W. Jenkins, of Dunedin, and has one son and three daughters.
, Duntroon, was opened in August, 1901. It is built of Oamaru stone, has a tower and belfry, and seating accommodation for a hundred worshippers. Services are held every Sunday, and the vicar of the Waitaki mission district is in charge.
of the Presbyterian Church embraces Livingstone, Tokarahi and the Maerewhenua estate, in addition to the township of Duntroon. It was constituted in 1880, and the manse, which stands on part of a section of ten acres, was erected in 1882. The present church occupies a fine position on the terrace overlooking the township, and was opened in December, 1897. Originally Duntroon parish included Kurow, which was cut off from the district in 1898. Weekly services are held at Duntroon, and periodical services in the school-rooms at Livingstone, Tokarahi and the Maerewhenua estate.
, M.A., Minister in charge at Duntroon, was born in Banffshire, Scotland, in 1844. He graduated at Aberdeen University in 1867, and has been in charge of Duntroon since 1881. Mr. Hay was married, in 1878, to a daughter of the late Mr. Alexander Ross, of Kincardineshire, Scotland, and has one daughter.
, Tailor, Duntroon. This business was established in February, 1903, by Mr. John Wood, and was taken over by the present owner in May, 1903. The shop and workroom are contained in a substantial stone building. Mr. Wood, the proprietor, was born in 1879, at Waikouaiti. He was educated at Wyndham, where he learned his trade. Mr. Wood was for seven years a member of the Order of Foreters at Wyndham.
(James Pringle, proprietor). This comfortable and popular hostelry contains seventeen rooms, of which nine are well-furnished bedrooms, four are comfortable parlours, and there is a large, airy dining-room capable of seating twenty-four persons. The hotel is situated twenty-eight miles from Oamaru on the road to Kurow; it is contiguous to the Duntroon railway station, and has stabling and paddocks which are very convenient for travellers and stock-drivers.
, the landlord, is a New Zealander, and son of one of the earliest settlers in the district. He was married, in 1894, to Miss Salmon, and has two daughters.
, General Storekeeper, Duntroon. This business was established by Mr. Robert McGillivray and was purchased by the present proprietor on the 20th of January, 1902. The premises consist of a wood and iron building, containing a shop and office with store behind, and the stock consists of grocery, drapery, hardware, produce, and other goods. Delivery carts visit all parts of the district within a radius of about twelve miles. Mr. Rayne's private residence is on the site of the original Duntroon Hotel, and has an acre of freehold land attached. A large stone stable and loft on the premises were often used in the early days for church services before any other buildings were erected in the district.
was born in 1869, at Willington, in the County of Durham, England. He arrived at Port Chalmers by the ship “Timaru” in 1878. About 1880 he commenced work as a cowboy in the Waitaki Valley, and has had experience of fleece-picking, and rabbiting, and afterwards did a little dealing in sheepskins, rabbitskins and wool. In 1897 Mr. Rayne started a general store at Omarama, which he conducted for two years, and was proprietor of the Lindis Hotel for two years and a half before purchasing the store at Duntroon. As a Freemason he is attached to Lodge Ngapara, No. 63, New Zealand Constitution.
, Farmer, Maerewhenua Settlement, Duntroon. Mr. Brasell was born on the 11th of September, 1846, in Buckinghamshire, England, and came out to Timaru in 1882 by the ship “Lancashire Witch.” He was brought up to country life in the Timaru district, and found employment in fencing, shearing and other country work until settling in North Otago in 1876. He was employed on the Maerewhenua estate for some time, and on the opening of the
, Farmer, Pitlivie Farm, Macrewhenua Settlement, Duntroon. Mr. Dalgety was born in the parish of St. Vigeons, Forfarshire, Scotland, in 1847, and was brought up to country life. He came out to Victoria in 1870, and had about eight years' experience on the goldfields of South Gippsland, and was in West Queensland for a few months. In 1878 Mr. Dalgety came to New Zealand, and settled in the Ashburton district, where he farmed for a good many years. In 1895 he was successful in drawing a section of 262 acres of the Maerewhenua Settlement. He has erected a substantial homestead with outbuildings, and altogether has made a large number of improvements on his property, which he holds under a lease in perpetuity, and works as a mixed farm. During his residence in Victoria Mr. Dalgety was for sometime a member of a rifle corps on the diggings. He was married, in 1899, to a daughter of Mr. William Doak, of Oamaru, and has one son and one daughter.
, Farmer, “Awaiti,” Maerewhenua Settlement, Duntroon. Mr. Hedley was born at Oamaru in 1870, and was brought up to a country life in the Timaru district. Its commenced farming on his own account in North Otago, and became an original selector on the opening of the Maerewhenua Settlement in 1895. His property consists of 633 acres of land which he holds under a lease in perpetuity, and works as a mixed farm. Mr. Hedley has spent a considerable sum in improving his property, and a large homestead and outbuildings have been erected.
, Farmer, Waikura Farm, Duntroon. Mr. Holmes was born in Renfrewshire, Scotland, in 1855, and was brought up to country life. He came to Port Chalmers in 1883, by the ship “British King,” and settled in Southland with Mr. James Holmes, of Fortrose. Two years later he removed to the Oamaru district, where he was cropping and contracting for a good many years. In 1893 he purchased his present property, which consits of 354 acres of freehold, and thirteen acres of leasehold. It was all in tussocks a few years ago, but has now been brought into a capital state of cultivation, and a comfortable homestead has been erected. The estate is devoted to sheep and cattle grazing and cropping. Mr. holmes married a daughter of Mr. William Davies, of Dunedin, and has had one son and one daughter; but the son is dead.
, Farmer, Duntroon. Mr. McIver was born in the Island of Lewis, Ross-shire. Scotland, in 1836. He was brought up to sheepfarming by his father, and followed that calling for about twenty, five years on his own account, before coming to Port Chalmers, in 1862, by the ship “Mystery.” Mr. McIver entered the service of Mr. T. W. Hall (brother of Sir John Hall) as shepherd at Rakaia, Canterbury, and after a time removed to the Mackenzie country. Six months later he was at the Dunstan, and at the Arrow diggings, but meeting with no success, returned to a farming life, and found employment as a shearer at Lake Wanaka. Subsequently Mr. McIver made another attempt at goldmining, this time at the Nevis, and was then for three years shepherd at Moa Flat station. On coming to the Oamaru district, he was employed by Messrs Lees and Moore, and eventually became manager of Clarkesfield station, on the north bank of the Waitaki river. He afterwards entered the employment of Messrs Robert Campbell and Sons, and was stationed at Waihao Downs; and when the property was purchased by Mr. John Douglas, he continued in that gentleman's service for three years. After a rest of three months in Oamaru, Mr. McIver was appointed manager of the Waihaorunga station in South Canterbury, where he remained for three years. For six months afterwards he resided at his home in Oamaru, and then took the management of Clarkesfield station a second time, before settling in 1893 at Duntroon, where he built a large house on the terrace overlooking the township. Mr McIver has served as a member of the local school committee; and since 1898 he has been a trustee of the Maerewhenua (Waitaki Islands) Committee, which has charge of certain unoccupied lands of the Crown. Mr. McIver was married, in 1868, to a daughter of the late Mr. David Watt, of Oamaru, and has two sons and four daughters.
, Farmer, “Takiroa,” Duntroon. Mr. Stevenson was born in 1843, in the parish of Kilmaurs, Ayrshire, Scotland, and emigrated to Queensland by the ship “Ariadne” in 1859. After seven years of bush life in that colony, he was attracted to New Zealand by the West Coast diggings, and about a year later removed to Otago. He was engaged in farm work at the Taieri for a short time, before removing to the Waitaki district, where he has been employed largely in connection with the Otekaike station since 1872. Of late years Mr. Stevenson has adopted the calling of a wool classer, in which he has found employment not only at prominent stations in Otago and Canterbury, but also in New South Wales. He acquired “Takiroa” in 1894. The property, which has a good homestead, consists of 600 acres of leasehold land, on which 500 sheep are depastured. Mr. Stevenson served for a number of years on the Duntroon school committee, and has been an elder in the local Presbyterian church since 1897. He was married, in June, 1878, to a daughter of the late Mr. John Buchanan, of Dunedin, and has two sons and two daughters.
, Farmer. “Aigburth,” Maerewhenua. Settlement, Duntroon. Mr. Tallentire was born in July, 1865, on the ship “Egeria,” on her voyage from Calcutta to Liverpool, and was brought up in the latter city. He served his time as a sailor in the firm of Henry Whittle, and was at sea for eight years, before leaving his vessel at Lyttelton about Christmas, 1885. The following year he settled in the Ellesmere district, and found employment there until 1895, when he drew a section of eighty-nine acres in the Maerewhenua Settlement. Mr. Tallentire has erected a comfortable homestead, and made many improvements on his property, which he holds under a lease in perpetuity. He
, Farmer, Blarney Cottage, Maerewhenua Settlement, Duntroon. Mr. Wise was born in County Cork. Ireland, in 1850, and was brought up to country life. In 1879 he emigrated to Queensland, and was for over twenty years overseer on the Listoweth Downs station, Barcoo river, near Blackall. He saw the worst of the terrible drought which ruined all the squatters, and left the country in 1900. On coming to New Zealand Mr. Wise settled in the Duntroon district, where he purchased the goodwill of 900 acres of land, under a lease in perpetuity. On this property he runs 800 crossbred sheep, and he has built a comfortable residence, stables, and made other improvements While in Queensland Mr. Wise was a member of the Barcoo Racing Club, and since settling in the Oamaru district he has been a member of the Oamaru Jockey Club. He also served for eighteen months as lieutenant in the Duntroon Rifles. Mr. Wise is a member of the Anglican church, with which he was connected in Queensland, and is now churchwarden at Duntroon.
Settler, Duntroon. Mr. Brown was born in 1855, in the Island of St. Vincent, West Indies, where he attended school. In 1871 he went to London, and became a ship's steward. He travelled in his vessel to different parts of the world, and arrived in Dunedin in 1888 by the ship “Waimate.” For sometime Mr. Brown was a hotel cook in the city, but subsequently engaged in outdoor pursuits, such as navvying and bushfelling. He afterwards joined the Survey Department, and was engaged for nearly a year at Catlins river. Four years afterwards he found employment in rabbiting, and then became camp cook in connection with threshing mills. Since 1894 Mr. Brown has followed this employment in the Duntroon district.
, Settler, Duntroon. Mr. Wilds was born in Timaru in 1863, and was brought up to country life in Canterbury and Otago. He commenced working on his own account at the Opawa station, Albury, in 1860, and was employed there for two years. For six years subsequently he found work in the same distrist, and in 1888 commenced business as a carrier between Albury and the Mackenzie country. Five years later Mr. Wilds removed to the north bank of the Waikato river, where he remained for two years. He was afterwards for five years in various parts of the North Island, and settled at Tokarahi in 1900. He is an expert waggoner and is able to drive any number of horses. During his residence in Timaru Mr. Wilds was a member of the Order of Foresters.
was born in 1853, in County Wicklow, Ireland, and from an early age he was brought up to work on the land. In 1876 he arrived at Port Chalmers by the ship “Mauleden” as the pioneer of his father's family. He soon found employment in the Ngapara district, where he was afterwards for some time engaged in cropping and contracting. In the end he decided to settle in the Duntroon district, where he became proprietor of Shelton Farm, named after the manor house of the Earl of Wicklow, under whom he had lived in Ireland. The property consists of 600 acres of freehold and 400 acres of leasehold land, and occupies an elevated position on the hills. Mr. Stringer was an ardent volunteer, and took an active part in the North Otago Mounted Rifles, in which he held the rank of sergeant-major at the time of his death in July, 1896. He was for sometime a member of the Duntroon school committee, and held office as chairman. Mr. Stringer was a Justice of the Peace for about ten years, and was at one time a member of the local Licensing Bench. As a Freemason he was attached to Lodge Oamaru Kilwinning. He was a member of the Waitaki County Council for about eight years. Mr. Stringer was married, in 1882, to Miss Elizabeth Mitchell, of Inchclutha, and left four sons and three daughters. Mrs Stringer was born in Inchclutha, and was educated at Kaitangata and Balclutha. She and her family live at Shelton Farm.
(Robert Campbell and Sons, Limited, proprietors), Otekaike, near Duntroon. This fine station has been worked for nearly fifty years. The property consists of 18,000 acres of freehold, and 37,000 acres of leasehold land, including a number of educational, hospital and other reserves. About 96,000 steep, mostly half-breds, and a flock of and Merinos, are depasturted on the property. The estate extends from the top of Mount Domett to Duntroon, and is bounded on the north by the Waitaki river and Otekaike stream; on the east by the Maerewhenua river; on the south and south-west by the leading ranges dividing the Waitaki watershed from Central Otago; and on the weat by Mr. Chapman's run at Kurow. All the principal buildings on the estate are of Oamaru stone, and the house, built under the direction of the late Hon. Robert Campbell, is one of the finest of its kind in New Zealand. There are excellent stables in addition to the ordinary station buildings, which include a woolshed, manager's house, and cottages.
, Manager of the Otekaike Station, was born in 1844, in Berwickshire, Scotland. He was brought up on a farm, and came to the Bluff, in 1863, by the ship “Sir William Eyre.” After a few years as a shepherd in Southland he joined Messrs Robert Campbell and Sons in 1870. For some years he was head shepherd on Burwood and Otekaike stations, and then became manager of Burwood, in Southland, where he was stationed for twelve years, and was afterwards for three years manager of Galloway station, whence he was transferred to the managership of the Otekaike station in 1899. Mr. Tait was married, in 1878, to a daughter of the late Mr. James Thomson, of Ayrshire, Scotland, and has one son.
lies between the Kurow and Otiake creeks, on the south bank of the Waitaki river, and extends Lack to the hills. It is a sheepfanning and agricultural district, and has many fine alluvial flats, with fertile valleys among the hills. Otiake has a public school, where divine services are held on Sundays, a library in the school grounds, and a post office and telephone bureau. There are two flag stations on the railway line—Hille's and Strachan's; the first, one mile, and the second, four miles from Kurow. Otiake is in the Otekaike riding of the Waitaki county, and in the Mount Ida electoral district. At the census of 1901 the village and neighbourhood had a population of 146.
dates from the 5th of June, 1882. It has accommodation for sixty-two children, there are twenty-eight names on the roll, and the average attendance is about twenty-three Miss Dinah Wilson is the teacher in charge.
, Farmer, Otiake. Mr. Cunningham was born in 1861, at Tuapeka, Otago, and went to school at Hamiltons, where his father was a storekeeper, and at Mosgiel and Dunedin. He was brought up to country life, and about 1881 started farming at Otiake, on rough tussock land, which he has now fenced and cultivated. The property consists of 320 acres of freehold, which is devoted to grain growing, and the raising of sheep, cattle, and horses. Mr. Cunningham drove one of the first waggon teams through the hilly part of the settlement. He has been a member of the North Otago Mounted Rifles since 1893, and holds office as senior sergeant. For a number of years he served on the Otiake school committee, and also on the library committee. Since 1901 he has resided in Oamaru, where he owns livery and bait stables. Mr. Cunningham was married in Melbourne, in 1890, to a daughter of Mr. John Orr, of Oamaru, and has three sons and two daughters.
, Millowner. Otiake. Mr. Grant was born on the 26th of January, 1872, in Dunedin, where he was educuated. He learned engineering, drove a threshing mill for a good many years, and about 1901 invested in a complete milling plant, consisting of a traction engine, threshing mill and chaff-cutting machinery. Mr. Grant finds plenty of work for this fine plant in the North Otago district.
, Farmer. “Fairfield,” Otiake. Mr. Hill was born near the university city of Oxford, England, in May, 1852, and found employment on various farms before emigrating to the colony. He arrived in Port Chalmers by the ship “Carnatic,” in 1873, and settled at Otepopo, where he farmed on his own account for several years. In 1886 Mr. Hill bought 126 acres at Otiake, near the hills, and lived there for about ten years. He then took up Fairfield,” which is on the main road and consists of 233 acres of freehold, and he has since worked both properties. Mr. Hill runs sheep and grows grain. He was married, in 1879, to a daughter of the late Mr. John O'Shea, of County Kerry, Ireland, and has a surviving family of five sons and four daughters.
, Farmer, “Denby Dale,” Otiake. Mr. Hille is the eldest son of the late Mr. Christian Hille, well known for many years in the Kurow district, and was born at Otiake in 1861, and educated at Oamaru. He was brought up to country life in the Kurow district, and has since 1890 been engaged in mixed farming on his own account at “Denby Dale.” The property consists of 300 acres of freehold, and Mr. Hille also owns 1000 acres on the Kurow creek. He runs about 1000 half bred and cross-bred sheep, and about fifty head of cattle. He also breeds backs and draught horses on his property, and crops about 200 acres annually. Mr. Hille was married in 1891 to a daughter of Mr George Watson, of Weston, and has three daughters and one son. Mrs Hille's eldest brother, who was educated in Oamaru, and served an apprenticeship an a compositor in the Oamaru Mail office in that town, is Mr. J. C. Watson. Premier of the Commonwealth of Australia.
, Farmer, “Craigieburn Wood,” Otiake. Mr. Little was born in the parish of Eddleston, Peebles-shire, Scotland, on the 22nd of July, 1839. He was brought up as a shepherd, and found employment as such till leaving for Port Chalmers in the ship “Helcnslea” in 1883. On his arrival he entered the service of the New Zealand and Australian Land Company at Clinton, where he remained for a year before being transferred to the Clydevale station. Two years later Mr. Little was removed to Moeraki, and after seven years there, became manager of Kurow station. He left the Company, after being in its service for seventeen years, and removed to North Canterbury, where he farmed “Allandale” for three years. He was then manager successively of Mr McKellar's property at Tapanui, Otago, and Mr. A. A. McMaster's property at East Kyeburn before taking up his present property “Craigieburn Wood,” which consists of 350 acres of leasehold. Mr. Little served for seven years on the Kyeburn Licensing Committee, was for five years president of the Maniototo Agricultural and Pastoral Society, and also served on the Kyeburn school committee. He was married on the 8th of November,
, Farmer, Sandstone, Otiake. Mr. McGimpsey was born in March, 1850, in County Down, Ireland, and brought up to country life. He came to Auckland by the ship “Delharrie” in January, 1875; six months later he removed to Christchurch, and, finally he settled in the Oamaru district in 1876. In May, 1881, Mr. Mc-Gimpsey bought the first 220 acres of his present property, which now consists of 680 acres of freehold land, devoted chiefly to sheep farming, Some very fine crops are also raised on the beautiful alluvial valleys of the estate. Mr. McGimpsey is chairman of the Otiake school committee. He was married in February, 1885, to a daughter of Mr. James McCone, of Otiake, and has five sons and one daughter.
, Farmer, “Castlefinn,” Otiake. Mr. Scott was born in the village of Castlefinn. County Donegal, Ireland, in 1844, and went to sea when fourteen years old. Altogether he spent nearly twenty years at sea, and became captain of a cutter on the New Zealand coast in 1872. He was master of the cutter “Margaret Culley,” and afterwards of the “Hope,” of which he was owner, trading on the coast of Otago, before leaving the sea in July, 1876. Mr. Scott was in business in South Dunedin as a storekeeper for four years, and in 1880 bought 192 acres of freehold land, which he has now increased to 720 acres. The property runs about 500 sheep, and 200 acres are put annually under crop. Mr. Scott has served as a member of the Otiake school committee, and for a time was a member of the Otekaike Licensing Bench. He was initiated as a Freemason in Lodge Glasgow, St. Clair, of which he is a Past Master, Mr. Scott was married, in 1867, to a daughter of Mr. Walter Ross, of Glasgow, Mrs Scott, who was born in Kilmarnock, Scotland, arrived in Otago by the ship “Agnes Muir” on the 24th of July, 1869. Before leaving the Old Country Mr. Scott served five years in the Royal Naval Reserve, and re-reived two stripes and twopence per day extra for accurate firing in the big gun exercise. His grandfather, William Scott, was the first to start cloth-weaving, and giving out shirts to be made, in Londonderry, Castlefinn, and other places in the North of Ireland.
is in the Otekaike riding of the Waitaki county, and in the electorate of Mount Ida. It is the market town of an extensive sheepfarming, dairying and agricultural district. The township nestles on the south bank of the Waitaki river, among the hills. The Anglicans, Presbyterians, and Roman Catholics have church properties in the settlement, and there is a flourishing public school. Kurow has two hotels, two stores, a number of shops, and a branch of the National Bank of New Zealand. Many of the buildings in the township are of Oamaru stone. The railway station and post office combined is forty-two miles from Oamaru, and 664 feet above sea level. A very fine bridge in two sections crosses the Waitaki river, and connects Kurow with Hakataramea, one mile distant. The rural district known as Kurow occupies an extensive plateau between the Kurow and Awakino creeks, and extends up to the hills. The local cemetery and racecourse are situated towards Awakino. Munro's coaches supply a weekly service to Lake Pukaki, via Omarama, and Benmore, and connect with the Mount Cook line of coaches from Fairlie. There is also a bi-weekly service to Omarama and Benmore. A creamery belonging to the North Otago Dairy Company occupies a central position in the township, and monthly stock sales are held. The Stock Department in represented by a resident inspector and rabbit agent, and there is a police station and a public library. A monthly sitting of the Magistrate's Court is held in the latter building. The attractions of the mountainous country beyond Kurow are well known to deerstalkers and sportsmen. Red deer abound in thousands in the back blocks throughout a district measuring about a hundred miles by sixty miles. Parties of huntsmen are conveyed by coach a distance of sixty miles to the deer walks, and most sportsmen are successful in securing the full complement of four fine heads, covered by the license fee of £3. Duck shooting is also plentiful on the Ahuriri river, which runs for about fifty miles, and also on Lake Ohau. Among the most noted of the neighbouring mountains are Mount St. Mary, 5570 feet; Mount Kaharau, 6594 feet; and Mount Domett, 6390 feet. The population of the district was 382 at the census of March, 1901.
combined was established about the year 1878. The station is centrally situated in the township, and consists of a wood and iron building, with a public room, ladies' waiting rooms, and a large office for railway, postal, and telegraph business. There is also a lamp room, and four residences and cottages for the accommodation of the railway men. The office is connected by telephone with Oamaru, and mails are received and despatched daily. Business connected with money orders, the Post Office Savings Bank, and the registration of births, deaths and marriages is also conducted on the premises. There is a good passenger platform and large goods shed, and a train arrives and departs daily. Mr. John Richard Martin is stationmaster and postmaster.
extends from Duntroon to fifteen miles beyond Lake Ohau. It is under the charge of a local inspector and rabbit agent. Mr, William Wills, Stock Inspector ststioned at Kurow was born at Lincoln, in Canterbury, in 1869. Mr. Wills became rabbit agent at Geraldine in 1894, and was promoted to the position of inspector in 1900.
, J.P., Stock Agent, Kurow. Private residence at Weston, near Oamaru. Mr. Stringer was born in County Wicklow, Ireland, in 1856, and is the son of the late Mr. Thomas Stringer. He was educated in his native place, and brought up to country life, but afterwards commenced to study for the Civil Service. Accompanied by his father, mother, and sister, Mr. Stringer left the Old Country for New Zealand in 1881 by the ship “Wellington,” but his father died on the voyage. On arriving at Port Chalmers he joined his brother, the late Mr. William Stringer, in farming at Duntroon, where he remained for about five yeas, before removing to Kurow in 1880. There he farmed 400 acres of leasehold, afterwards acquired 300 acres of freehold, and worked both properties till the end of 1902, when he sold out his farm and entered into the stock and grain business. Mr. Stringer has been an elder of the Presbyterian churches at Duntroon and Kurow, and treasurer at Kurow; and he has frequently been sent to represent his district at the meetings of the Synod. He has also been prominent in connection with the Kurow Sunday school, and was enrolled as a Justice of the Peace for the colony in 1890. Mr. Stringer was at one time chairman of the local Licensing Bench, on which he served for ten years, and was a member of the Kurow school committee for several years. He was for some time valuer for the Government, and for the Otekaike riding of the Waitaki county. Mr. Stringer was married, in 1893, to a daughter of Mr. Samuel Stedman, of County Wicklow, Ireland, and has three daughters and two sons.
, which was opened in 1882, stands on a section of four acres of land at the corner of Bridge and Robinson Streets. The building is of wood and iron, and consists of two classrooms divided by a large porch. There is accommodation for 100 pupils, which is the number on the roll, and the average attendance for the year 1902 was eighty-five. A large playground and the teacher's residence adjoin the school. Mr. J. T. Kelly is headmaster, and Miss Ford infant mistress.
, Headmaster of the Kurow School, was born at
extends from the sea coast to a point in the mountains beyond Kurow, about sixty miles from that township, and includes the settlements of Kurow, Ngapara, Livingstone, Maerewhenua, Duntroon and Hakataramea Valley. There is a church at Duntroon and a vicarage and chapel attached at Kurow. A sunday school, attended by twenty children, is in charge of three teachers, and the vicar holds services periodically in various places throughout the district.
, Vicar of the Waitaki Mission District, was born in Nottinghamshire. England, and was educated at King's College, London. He came to New Zealand in 1873, studied in Christchurch, and was ordained deacon in 1877, and priest in 1899. Mr. Fynes-Clinton has been stationed at Kurow since 1896.
was erected about 1894. It is built of Oamaru stone, stands on part of a section of half an acre of land, and has seating accommodation for 200 adults. The manse also is of Oamaru stone; it was built in 1897, occupies a fine position on the Gully Road, and has a glebe of about nine acres. The Kurow parish was originally part of the Duntroon parish, from which it was divided in 1895. Services are held by the resident minister at Hakataramea. Wharekuri, and Hakataramea Valley.
, Minister in charge at Kurow, was born in Dundee, Forfarshire, Scotland, in 1837. He was educated at the Dundee High School, studied at Edinburgh University, was ordained in 1864 in Perth, and four years later removed to the south of England, where he was stationed for seventeen years. In 1886 Mr. Neave came to Port Chalmers by the s.s. “Ionie,” and was for some time at Riverton. In 1896 he resigned his charge and became a candidate for a seat in the House of Representatives, in the Government interest, but he was not elected. He has been in charge of Kurow since May, 1899. Mr. Neave was married, in 1865, to a daughter of the late Mr. John Sime, of Dundee, and has three sons and five daughters.
, M.R.C.S., England, L.R.C.P., London; Physician and Surgeon, Kurow. Dr. Stevens was born in Bristol, England, in 1861, and educated at the Bristol Medical School, and at the University College, Bristol. He received his medical and surgical training at the Bristol General Hospital, and was awarded the Clark scholarship for surgery at that institution. In 1884 he obtained his diplomas, and in 1889 he arrived in Wellington by the s.s. “Aorangi,” and settled at Kurow in August, 1891. Dr. Stevens was married, in March, 1894, to a daughter of the late Mr. F. W. Thiele, of Kurow, and has two daughters and two sons.
, was opened in 1893, in a small office in Mr. Thiele's store, and was afterwards conducted in the stone building adjoining the hotel. The handsome building now occupied was completed in 1903, and is situated in the main street. It is a one storey building of Oamaru stone, and contains a banking chamber, manager's room, and strong room, with residence attached. There is an eighth of an acre of land, and there are convenient stables behind the bank. An agency of the Kurow branch is conducted at Duntroon, where weekly visits are paid.
, J.P., Manager of the Kurow Branch of the National Bank of New Zealand, was born at Dunedin, in 1860, and was educated at the Otago Boys' High School. He gained considerable experience of mercantile life in the old firm of Cargill, Gibbs and Co. with whom he continued six years, and in 1879 he joined the Bank of New South Wales at Dunedin. He became manager at Cromwell in 1884, and five years later left the Bank and visited Australia. Mr. Black returned to New Zealand after two years and had various experiences in mercantile life until joining the National Bank at Wellington in 1897. He was stationed at Christchurch for two years, before being appointed manager at Kurow, in July, 1899. Mr. Black was married, in April, 1901, to a daughter of the late Mr. H. L. Fawcett, architect, of Christchurch.
, Carpenter and Farmer, Kurow. Mr. Prentice was born in 1856 at Motherwell, Lanarkshire, Scotland, where he was educated and served a four years' apprenticeship as a carpenter. He arrived at Port Chalmers, in 1875, by the barque “Waimea,” and settled at Papakaio. For about three years he worked in a coalmine,
(North Otago Dairy Company, Limited, proprletors), Kurow. This creamery, which was opened in the middle of November, 1992, is built of wood and iron, and stands on part of a section of an acre of land. The motive power is steam produced by a six horse-power boiler, which drives a four horse-power horizontal engine, and there is an Alpha de Laval separator capable of treating 250 gallons of milk per hour, with a cooler, and every necessary appliance for the work. During the first season there were twenty-one suppliers and about 400 gallons of milk were treated daily. The cream is sent every morning to Oamaru.
, who has been Manager of the Kurow Creamery since its establishment, was born in 1880, at Enfield, where he was educated and brought up to country life. In 1901 he entered the service of the North Otago Dairy Company, and was for some time relieving before being appointed manager at Kurow. As an Oddfellow Mr. Common is attached to Lodge Alfred at Oamaru.
, Tailor and Mercer, Kurow, This business was established about 1890, by Mr. W. Waddell, of Oamaru, and was taken over by the present proprietor in February, 1903. The premises consist of double-fronted and single shops of Oamaru stone, together with a workroom and residence. The building stands on part of a quarter acre section, and was erected about 1893. A good general stock of clothing, mercery, tweeds, and drapery is maintained.
, the Proprietor, was born in 1875, at Oamaru, where he was educated and learned his trade. He subsequently became manager for Mr. Waddell at Kurow, and held that position for four years before purchasing the business in 1903, Mr. McCullough has been a member of the Waitaki Mounted Rifles since 1901, He was married on the 25th of February, 1903, to a daughter of the late Mr. Walter Yardley, of Palmerston, Otago.
(Thomas Alexander Munro, proprietor), Main Street, Kurow, This hotel, which is well known to commercial men, was established in 1880, and came into the hands of the present proprietor in July, 1900, The premises now in use were erected in 1892, and consist of a handsome two-storey building of Oamaru stone. There are twenty-eight rooms, eighteen of which are bedrooms, and five sitting-rooms, The dining-room will seat thirty guests, and there is an excellent billiard room with one of Alcock's full-sized tables. There are large stables, containing nine loose boxes, and sixteen stalls at the back. The proprietor conducts an extensive livery stable business, and runs regular cóaches from Kurow to Omarama, Benmore and Pukaki, connecting with the Mount Cook coaches running from Fairlie. Tourists may book for this line with Messrs T. Cook and Sons at all railway stations, or with the proprietor. Adjoining the hotel, and managed with it, there is a large hall with sitting room for 450 persons.
, the Proprietor, was born at Rugged Ridges, in 1867, and went to school at Otamatata. He commenced driving the mail coach for Mr. Goddard about 1885, and after ten years' experience purchased the livery stable business attached to the hotel, of which he is now proprietor. Mr. Munro has always been a total abstainer, and his brothers and sisters also are total abstainers, notwithstanding the fact that the family were brought up in a hotel and three of the brothers have been publicans. Mr. Munro has been a member of the Kurow school committee since 1893, and has served as secretary to the local Court of Foresters for five years. He was married, in 1893, to a daughter of the late Mr. F. W. Thiele, of Kurow, and has one daughter and three sons.
, Boot and Shoemaker, Kurow. Mr. Mackie comes of the old Mackie family of the Mains of Fyvie, was born in 1831, in the parish of Fyvie, Aberdeenshire, Scotland, and learned his trade with his elder brother. He was in business on his own account at Banff for five years, and for seventeen years at Mintlaw, before coming to Lyttelton by the ship “Piako” in January, 1880. He settled in Oamaru, where he worked at his trade for some time, and bought a section, and built a house, which he leased on leaving the town. His present business was established in October, 1890. and the shop and residence stands on leasehold ground in the main street of Kurow. Mr. Mackie has been a member of the Presbyterian church, first in Oamaru and since in Kurow. He was married, in 1860, to a daughter of the late Mr. William Watson, tailor, of Peterhead, but his wife died in 1870, leaving two sons and two daughters. In 1875 Mr. Mackie was married to a daughter of the late Mr. George Park, of Mintlaw Hill. This lady died in 1877, and in 1883 he was married to a sister of the late Mr. Henry Aitken, of Oamaru.
, General Storekeeper, Kurow. This business was established about 1883, and was acquired by Mr. Brooks in April, 1902. The building, which stands on half an acre of freehold land is of Oamaru stone, and consists of a double-fronted shop and verandah, with office and residence at the back. The premises also include a stable, bakehouse, shed and other buildings. A well-assorted general stock is maintained, and two carts deliver goods within a radius of thirty miles throughout the district.
, the Proprietor, was born at Castlemaine, Victoria, on the last day of 1860, and two years later was brought to New Zealand. He attended school at Glenore, and was brought up to mercantile life at Lawrence, where he was employed by the well known firm of Herbert and Co., for twenty-three years, before purchasing his present business at Kurow. Mr. Brooks served as a volunteer in the Tuapeka Rifles for about thirteen years, and later held rank as a lieutenant with a captain's certificate; since removing to Kurow he has been on the reserved unattached list. He is also a Past Chief Ranger in the Order of Foresters. Mr. Brooks was married, in 1885, to a daughter of the late Mr. George Liston, of Lawrence.
, J.P., Farmer, Awakino, Kurow. Mr. Chapman was born in 1852, near Falkirk, Scotland, where he was educated and brought up to country life. He came with his father's family to New Zealand in 1867 by the ship “Silistria,” which landed at Port Chalmers. As a lad of fifteen years he entered the service of the New Zealand and Australian Land Company, and experienced much of the rough pioneering work of the back country in the early days. He continued in the service of the Land Company for eighteen years, and became manager of its Kurow station, at that time one of its best paying properties. He then took up land in the Hakataramea Valley, and resided there for two years, afterwards removing to his present property at Awakino, near Kurow. By means of judicious management, and much hard work, Mr. Chapman now has a valuable mixed grazing and farming property of some 10,000 acres. Mr. Chapman's family consists of two sons, who assist him to work the property, Mr Chapman devotes much of his leisure time to scientific investigation, and in this way has been able to do yeoman service to all the farmers of New Zealand by his discovery of the dry-thawing process for frozen meat, which is so important a trade in this colony. Previous to Mr. Chapman's investigation of the subject, it was held that the moisture which appears so plentifully on the surface of thawing meat came out of the meat itself,
, Farmer, Kurow Creek Farm, Kurow, Mr. Davidson was born in was in Dumfries-shire, Scotland, where he was educated and brought up as a shepherd. He came to Port Chalmers by the ship “Helenslea” at the age of twenty, and for fifteen years was a shepherd at Moeraki station. In 1878 he leased land at Otepopo, which he farmed till the beginning of 1894, when he sold his interest, and entered the service of Mr. Menlove, at Windsor Park, where he was employed in looking after stock for nearly ten years. In June, 1902, Mr. Davidson settled at Kurow Creek Firm, where he carries on sheepfarming. The property consists of 206 acres of freehold land, and he also owns seventy acres further up the Creek. Mr. Davidson served as a member of the Otepopo Road Board for some years. He was married, in 1861, to a daughter of the late Mr. Henry Little, of Ngapara, and has five daughters and one son.
, Settler, Kurow. The subject of this notice is the fourth son of the late Mr. Christian Hille, after whom “Hilie's Siding” is named, and who was one of the earliest settlers in the district. Mr. George Hille owns 9,500 acres of land, capable at present of carrying one sheep to two acres; but by ploughing and surface sowing he expects to considerably improve its capacity in the near future. Though quite a young man, Mr. Hille has taken an active part in local politics; he contested the seat for the Otekaike riding of the Waitaki county at a recent election, and afterwards became secretary and treasurer of the Kurow school committee. In the North Otago Mounted Rifles he holds the rank of corporal, and takes an Interest in sporting matters as a member of the Kurow Jockey Club, vice-president of the Waitaki Collie Dog Club, and captain of the Waitaki Ramblers' Cycling Club.
, Farmer, “Westmere,” Kurow. Mr. Hille was born in the Kurow district in 1871, and was brought up to an outdoor life by his father, the late Mr. Christian Hille. “Westmere” includes the original homestead, which was for a number of yeara conducted as a publichouse under the name of the Western Hotel, and the land is said to have been the first farm worked in the district. Mr. Hille managed the estate from his father's death in 1895. until October, 1902, when he became proprietor. The property consists of 1294 acres of freehold, and 614 acres of leasehold, held with right óf renewal. About 1400 sheep are depastured on the property, in addition to a small herd of cattle of the Shorthorn cross. Heavy and light horses are also raised, and a considerable amount of cropping is done annually. Mr. Hille served in the North Otago Mounted Rifles for two years, and as a Forester he is a member of Court Pride of Waitaki, in which he has passed the chairs.
, Farmer, “Hartz Hills,” Kurow. Mr. Hille is the third son of the late Mr. Christian Hille, one of the pioneer settlers of the district, and
, Farmer, Kurow, Mr. Munro is the second son of the late Mr. W. G. Munro, after whom he is named. His father left Victoria for New Zealand on the day of his son's birth, and settled at Rugged Ridges, near Kurow. Mr. W. G. Munro was born in Victoria on the 21st of April, 1863, and was brought to Otago by his mother in 1865. He was trained to sheepfarming in the Kurow district, and commenced on his own account about 1887. For about five years he had the Omarama Hotel, but gave it up in 1902, and purchased his present property of 303 acres of freehold on the Gully Road. Mr. Munro engages chiefly in dairy farming, and supplies milk to the creamery. He served for about four years as a volunteer in the North Otago Mounted Rifles, and he was initiated as a Freemason at Fairlie in Lodge Mackenzie, New Zealand Constitution. Mr. Munro was married in 1890, to a daughter of Mr. Silas Lousley, of Kurow, and has three sons and one daughter.
, Sheepfarmer, Kurow. Mr. Murrey was born in County Kerry, Ireland, in 1852. He was educated at Dollar Institution, Clackmananshire, Scotland, and served a five years' apprenticeship in practical engineering. In 1875 he arrived at Port Chalmers by the ship “Auckland,” and for five years was a shepherd at Queenstown, Lake Wakatipu, and subsequently for fifteen years in the Kurow district. In 1893 Mr. Murrey commenced sheepfarming at Ben Lomond, where he had a grazing run of 2887 acres, on which he depastured 2200 sheep, but he sold his interest in March, 1903. Mr. Murrey was married, in 1889, and has three daughters.
, Farmer, Kurow. Mr. Palmer was born in 1842, in Dumfriesshire, Scotland, and was a shepherd in his native land before coming to Nelson by the ship “Golconda” in 1860, under engagement to the late Dr. Renwick, of Marlborough. He was afterwards employed by Dr. Munro at Bank House station, and for four years he worked under Messrs A. and J. Munro, at Langridge, Awatere, and for three years under Mr. Elliott at Upcut station. Mr. Palmer managed a farm and butchery for the late Dr. Horne in Blenheim for several years, and then removed to Hawke's Bay, where he was shepherd on several stations. He worked at Glenburn, on the East Coast of the Wellington district, for about a year, and for three years afterwards was employed by Mr. Rutherford, at Boland, near Masterton. On returning to the South Island Mr. Palmer was for seven years shepherd at Mount Thomas, North Canterbury, and was for a year afterwards at Methven looking after Mount View estate. He was at Rugged Ridges station, North Otago, for five years, and during that period acquired a freehold of 220 acres, together with a leasehold of a hundred acres, known as Spring Bank, on the Waitaki river. Mr. Palmer farmed this property for fourteen years, at the same time finding employment as a shepherd and in wool classing; since 1889 he has undertaken the wool classing of the Otamatata station. He now resides at River View, Gully Road, Kurow, where he leased forty acres of land in 1901. Mr. Palmer was married, in 1874, to a daughter of the late Mr. John Wilson, of Manchester, England, and has had two daughters, of whom one has died.
, Farmer, Kurow, Mr. Warwick was born in County Antrim, Ireland, in 1856, and was trained as a farmer by his father. He came to Port Chalmers by the ship “Taranaki,” in 1872, and settled in the Oamaru district, where he found employment for a number of years. He was at first engaged in road contracting and harvesting work, and since 1893 has had charge of the Otekaike to Otamatata main road, under the Waitaki County Council. Mr. Warwick has been a member of the Kurow school committee since 1897, and on the committee of the Presbyterian church since 1894. His homestead is situated on ten acres of land, held under a lease in perpetuity at Tahawa, and he also owns 150 acres of freehold at Otiake, which he purchased in 1901, Mr. Warwick was married, in 1884, to a daughter of the late Mr. John Martin, of County Antrim, Ireland, and has had a family of seven sons and two daughters, of whom two sons have died.
, Farmer, Kurow. Mr. Sutherland was born in 1848, in Sutherlandshire, Scotland, where he was educated and passed his early years following pastoral pursuits. He came out to the Colony in 1878, and for seven years was shepherding on the Omarama station, the property of the Dalgety Company, Mr. Sutherland was for about three years droving and dealing at Oamaru. He then removed to Omarama, where he engaged in business as storekeeper and postmaster for about four years. Subsequently he took up
, who was prominent as a pioneer of settlement in the Kurow district, was born at Hanover, Germany, in 1823. He was brought up to country life, and was engaged as a shepherd till coming out to Sydney in the year 1854. Shortly afterwards Mr. Hille removed to Otago, settled in the Oamaru district, and became one of the earliest settlers in Kurow, after being employed for some years as a shepherd at Otekaike station. Mr. Hille was proprietor of the first hotel in the Kurow district, known as the Western Hotel, which he managed for seven years. He owned and conducted the first ferry boat over the Upper Waitaki, and worked it for four years, when he sold it and returned to the Western Hotel, which he afterwards conducted till 1880. Soon after his arrival in the district he commenced to buy land, to which he kept adding, till, at one time, he worked a very large area. Mr. Hille took a keen interest in the welfare of his district. He was married, in 1860, to a daughter of the late Mr. Fredrick Schluter, of Boundary Creek, near Oamaru, and at his death, in 1895, left five sons and five daughters. One daughter has since died.
, Farmer, “Hillside,” Hakataramea. Mr. W. Milne was born in Morayshire, Scotland, in 1852, and came to New Zealand in 1868. He purchased his present farm of 337 acres in 1885, and has cultivated it with the best results, as he has obtained as much as fifty bushels of wheat and seventy bushels of oats per acre. Mr. Milne believes in mixed farming, and in breeding from halfbred ewes and Border Leicester rams, to fatten lambs for the export trade. He has served on the church committee, also as one of the trustees of the Hakataramea public school, and has been on the school committee for many years. Mr. Milne was married, in 1886, to Miss Buick, and has one son and three daughters.
, which is a Maori word signifying dog's-house, is a farming district on the south bank of the Waitaki river, to the west of Awakino creek. It has a public school and post office, and is in the Otekaike riding of the Waitaki county, and in the electorate of Mount Ida. Wharekuri is within the boundary of the Otago goldfields, and is noted for its romantic ecenery, the stately Waitaki being flanked by mountainous country. In many of the valleys along the mountain slopes there are some fine patches of agricultural land. The road to Omarama and Benmore passes through Wharekuri, and there is a local hotel.
was established about the year 1894. It has accommodation for twenty-four pupils; there are twenty-two names on the roll, and the average attendance is eighteen. Miss Margaret Macleod is in charge.
, J.P., Farmer, Little Awakino, Wharekuri. Mr. Anderson was born in Peebles-shire, Scotland, in 1832, and was brought up to country life by his father, who was a sheepfarmer. At the age of twenty, he sailed from Glasgow to Melbourne by the ship “Brooksby” and spent thirteen years on the Victorian diggings, and a short time on a sheep station, before coming to Otago, in 1865. Since that time Mr. Anderson has devoted his attention to farming. He settled at North East Valley, Dunedin, where he had a small property of his own, and looked after a farm for his father-in-law, Mr. Robert Short. He was afterwards farming at Otepopo for twelve years, and in 1884, acquired his present property, which consists of 700 acres of leasehold and 300 acres of freehold land. Mr. Anderson has been chairman of the Wharekuri school committee for fifteen years. He has been an elder of the Kurow Presbyterian church since 1893, and acted as choirmaster for about eighteen years; he was also choirmaster at Otepopo for twelve years. As a Freemason he was initiated at Dunedin in Lodge Otago Kilwinning. Mr. Anderson was married, in 1867, to a daughter of the late Mr. Robert Short, of the Lands Department, Dunedin, and has four sons and four daughters.
, Farmer, Rock Farm, Wharekuri. Mr. Gard was born on the 14th of March, 1847, in Tasmania, and accompanied
, Farmer, “The Blue Gums,” Wharekuri. Mr. Stewart was born in Forfarshire, Scotland, in 1856, and was brought up to a pastoral life by his father, who was a shepherd. He arrived at Port Chalmers by the ship “White Eagle” in 1880, and carried his swag to the Otekaike station, where one of his relations was employed. He obtained work there, was afterwards a shepherd at Te Akatarawa, and in 1887 purchased the first portion of his property at Wharekuri. Mr. Stewart has since increased his holding and the property, which is mostly devoted to sheepfarming, now consists of 244 acres of freehold, and 193 acres on the opposite side of the road. Mr. Stewart has served as a member of Wharekuri school committee, of which he is now secretary. He was married, in 1887, to a daughter of the late Mr. Robert Pirrie, of Perthshire, Scotland, and has had five sons, one of whom has died.
, Peveril Terrace, Wharekuri, was born in Peel, Isle of Man, and was one of seven school boys who sailed the cutter “Peveril,” from Peel to Melbourne, in the year 1854. The captain of this small band of young adventurers was Thomas Mylechreest, eldest brother of Joseph Mylechreest, afterwards the Diamond King of Kimberley. The ship's company consisted of: Thomas Mylechreest (captain) aged 24; John Mylechreest, 22; John Cottier, 22; William James Cain, 22; James Moughtin, 19; James Waterson, 19; Phillip Gorry (cook), 16. There was much commotion the day the cutter sailed, and many amongst the numerous onlookers shed tears, at the thought that the lads were throwing their lives away; but on hearing this, the lads themselves only laughed at the weepers. As they were getting ready to sail, the boys' schoolmaster went on board, and said he was proud of them, and felt confident that they were quite competent to do whatever any man could do. He shook hands with all and wished them a good voyage. This was in the right key for the young adventurers, who gave their old teacher three British cheers, and sang a songlet composed by themselves for the occasion. In this they asked their friends not to grieve for them while they were crossing the stormy sea, told the girls that they would think of them when far away, and promised to write letters with good news for all when they reached Melbourne, that place of great renown, where money was plentiful and gold easily found. All which was somewhat in the spirit of the men who went with Raleigh to lord it on the Spanish main, or with Drake to circumnavigate the world. The only land the boys sighted on their way out was the Peak of Teneriffe, and then they fell in with the coast of Australia. When they bade good-bye to all near friends the day they sailed from Peel Bay, the boys promised faithfully to send letters home by any passing ships, and had several letters written to send by the first homeward bound ship they should see; but though they sighted several they were not able to communicate with them. The “Peveril” gave chase to two of these ships, but they altered their course and made sail; so the lads gave up the chase as they were anxious to make a quick passage. One day just as the sun rose, they espied a large ship ahead, and at twelve o'clock they were speaking to her. She was a passenger ship, the “Delaware,” of London, bound to Adelaide. The “Peveril” had to shorten sail while she was speaking to this ship, the passengers of which were crowded from the bulwarks to the tops. It was a pleasant sight to the boys, who felt as though they were in the pit of a theatre, looking up to the dress circle. The captain of the Delaware” was very kind, and offered to give the boys anything that they might require; they did not want anything, but asked him to report them when he got to Adelaide; which he did. That was the only tidings that their friends had of them. When the “Peveril” made sail the “Delaware” gave the boys three hearty cheers, and the cutter lost sight of the ship by sundown. It was after that that the “Peveril's” troubles began. When they got into the latitude of the Cape, the boys bent a new mainsail, as they expected bad weather, which they got, and had to stow the main and bend a big sail. They had to heave-to the cutter under a double reef. This had to be done every night for some time, with only two hands on deck, one as company for the other. The sails were trimmed for the occasion and the helm lashed to leeward. When the weather moderated the boys set the mainsail, but to their surprise it was rotten in the seams. However, they had good weather then till they reached the coast of Australia, and they made the voyage from Peel to Melbourne in 135 days. Everything considered, the voyage was a memorable one, and is entitled to a place in the annals of navigation. Of the party, young Cain was the first to set out for the goldfields at Old Bendigo, where he did well as a gold seeker. He afterwards met the little “Peveril's” youthful captain, Thomas Mylechreest, at Snowy river, where the two became mates in the fine old goldfields sense, and they afterwards worked together in the same relationship at Lambing Flat and the Lachlan. Mr. Cain has not seen any of his shipmates for thirty-nine years, but should any of them travel his way, and circumstances require it, he is the man to give the hand of friendship to any one of them, and that in a practical way, too, for they were all good lads. Mr. Cain came to New Zealand in 1863, and worked at Hartley and Riley's Beach, where he did well. In 1887 he went to the Waitaki to erect a punt for the late Mr. Christian Hille, and worked the ferry for several years. He joined Mr. Hille as a partner in the ferry, and eventually bought Mr. Hille's interest. Mr. Cain was married, in the year 1883, to a daughter of Mr. David Whittock, of Port Chalmers. He has resided in the Kurow district for thirty-five years, has been a successful settler and good colonist, and now lives in retirement at Peveril Terrace, Wharekuri,
. sometime of Kurow, was born in 1843, in Victoria, where he was brought up to country life in the back blocks of that colony, and was for a number of years on his father's sheep station. In 1867 he came to Otago, and worked as a shearer and at other outdoor pursuits; and he after wards drove a bullock team at Waitaki for a good many years. Mr. Smith then purchased a farm of 250 acres in the Papakaio district, but sold it in 1887 and took up a grazing run of 2000 acres at Wharekuri, on the banks of the Waitaki and Awakino rivers. On this property he built his homestead, and a large woolshed and other outbuildings. He after-wards acquired a grazing run of 10,000 acres at Ben Lomond. He served for a time on the Kurow school committee. Mr. Smith was married, in 1882, at Papakaio, to Miss Riordon, of Oamaru, and on his death, in 1900, left four daughters and two sons. Mrs Smith survives her husband.
is the name of a flag station seven miles from Oamaru, and is on the main railway line from Christchurch to Dunedin. The station stands at an elevation of 101 feet above the level of the sea, and is surrounded by a farming district, which forms part of the Papakaio riding of the county of Waitaki. Settlers take their milk to the Pukeuri creamery, and their children attend the school in that settlement. The population of the district at the census of March, 1901, was sixtysix.
, Farmer, Richmond, Mr. Gray was born in Glasgow. Scotland, in 1850, educated at Millerston, near Glasgow, and was brought up to a country life. He arrived in Port Chalmers in 1879, and settled at Richmond, where he found out-door employment for a number of years. In 1897 he bought eighty-five acres of land, which he had previously leased, and farms this property, together with an adjoining seventy acres which he holds under leasehold. Mr. Gray has served as a member of the Pukeuri school committee, and also on the committee of the local library. He was married, in December, 1886, to a daughter of Mr. W. L. Gray, of Pukeuri, and has one son and three daughters.
, Farmer, Richmond. Mr. McPherson's farm consists of 212 acres of freehold land, devoted to mixed farming. He was born at Brora, four miles from Dunrobin Castle, Sutherlandshire, Scotland, on the 18th of June, 1844, and was brought up to country life. In October, 1869, Mr. McPherson landed at Port Chalmers from the ship “James Nicol Fleming,” (Captain Logan). He settled in the Taieri district, where he was employed by the Rev. Mr. Bett for thirteen months. Subsequently, he was for twelve years a shepherd on the Omarama station, Waitaki, and for eleven years of that period, was head shepherd. In October, 1882, he settled at Richmond. The handsome trees on his estate were planted by himself. Mr. McPherson served for two years as a member of the Papakaio Road Board, and was for a good few years a member of the local school committee. He was married, on the 27th of January, 1877, to a daughter of Mr. Edward Lapsley, of County Donegal, Ireland, and has five sons and five daughters.
is nine miles from Oamaru, on the main north line of railway, and the flag station stands ninety-nine feet above the level of the sea. It is a dairy and agricultural district, and the farmers send their milk to the Pukeuri creamery. There is a post office and telephone bureau at the residence of the local blacksmith. Hilderthorpe is in the Papakaio riding of the Waitaki county, and had a population of ninety-seven at the census of 1901. The children of the settlers attend the school at Pukeuri.
, Farmer, Hilderthorpe. Mr. Craig was born in 1848, in County Antrim, Ireland. His father was an engineer and mill-wright, and the son gained some experience in that line of life. He came out to Melbourne in 1865, and was on the diggings at Ballarat, Smyth's Creek, and in other parts of Victoria. In 1889 he landed in Otago, and engaged in goldmining in the Dunstan district for five years Mr. Craig settled in the Oamaru district in 1874, and became a farmer and threshing mill proprietor. His farm at Hilderthorpe consists of 300 acres of freehold, which he works in conjunction with his mills. He was married, in 1883, to a daughter of Mr. W. L. Gray, of Pukeuri, and has one daughter.
, Farmer and Stock Dealer, Hilderthorpe. Mr. Corbett was born in 1853 at Tarbett, Ross-shire, Scotland, where he attended school and was brought up to country life. He came out to Lyttelton in the ship “Catalonia,” in 1883, and became a shepherd to the late Mr. M. Studholme, at Waimate. After two years and three months he entered the service of the late Mr. John Douglas, at Waihao Downs, where he was head shepherd for five years. Mr. Corbett then settled at Hilderthorpe, where he had bought 400 acres of freehold, on which he has since carried on business as a farmer and stock dealer. Mr. Corbett was married, in 1881, to a daughter of the late Mr. William Graham, of Ross-shire, Scotland, and has one son.
, Farmer, Hilderthorpe. Mr. Cuthbertson leases 337 acres of land from his mother, the widow of the late Mr. Robert Cuthbertson, one of the early settlers, who arrived in the ship “Dudbrook,” in 1863. Mr Thomas Cuthbertson was born in York, England, in 1862, and accompanied his parents to the colony. He commenced to learn the trade of a blacksmith in Dunedin, but in 1877 he went to England, where he gained further experience at his trade in Chesterfield, Derbyshire, and returned to the colony in 1883. For two years he followed various occupations till he and his brother leased their mother's property; but since 1902, Mr. Cuthbertson has worked the farm on his own account. As a Forester he is a member of Court Pride of Oamaru. Mr. Cuthbertson has been a member of the Pukeuri school committee since 1894, and has acted as its chairman. He was married, in 1883, in London, to a daughter of Captain Thomas Johns, who was lost at sea off Penzance, Cornwall; and has had four sons and two daughters, who are all alive except one son.
, Farmer, Hilderthorpe. Mr. Dennison was born on the 31st of August, 1846, in the County of Durham, England. Till he was twenty-one years of age he found employment in the local iron works, but in the year 1868 he came out to Port Chalmers by the ship “Ameer,” and settled in the Oamaru district, where he became a ploughman. In 1868 he leased seventy-eight acres of land at Hilderthorpe, and bought the place two years later. He served for some time as a member of the Pukeuri school committee. Mr. Dennison was married, in 1873, to a daughter of the late Mr. John Robson, of Black Hill, county Durham, England, and has five sons and four daughters.
, Farmer, Hilderthorpe. Mr. Goodall was born in Berwickshire, Scotland, in 1835, and was brought up as a farmer. In 1857 he emigrated to Hobart, Tasmania, and six months later removed to Victoria, where he had goldmining experiences at Ballarat and other places, till 1861. He then joined in the rush to the Otago goldfields, and was at Gabriel's Gully and other diggings, in the early days. Some time afterwards he was working in the Taieri district. In 1864 he settled at Hilderthorpe, where he bought 130 acres of land, on which he has ever since carried on farming. Mr. Goodall served for a good many years on the Pukeuri school committee, and acted as its secretary. He was married, in 1864, to a daughter of the late Mr. William Strachan, of Berwickshire, Scotland. Mrs Goodall died in 1896, leaving four sons and three daughters. Mr. Goodall's eldest son is headmaster of the public school at Makikihi, and his youngest daughter is a teacher at Morven, South Canterbury.
is the first railway station reached by trains on their journey from Canterbury to Otago, after crossing the Waitaki river. It is one mile from Glenavy on the Canterbury side of the river, and fourteen miles from Oamaru. The flag station is forty-one feet above sea level. Settlers send their children to the school at Glenavy, and their milk to the creamery at the same place. At the census of 1901 there was a population of forty-two. The district is chiefly pastoral, and is in the Papakaio riding of the county of Waitaki.
, Farmer, Waitaki. This settler was born in Inverness, Scotland, in 1842, and was brought up to country pursuits. For some time before coming to New Zealand, he was warder at Paisley Abbey Asylum. Mr. Forbes arrived in Port Chalmers in October, 1869, by the ship “James Nicol Fleming” (Captain Logan). He settled in the Taieri district, where he found out-door employment, and was afterwards engaged on road construction under the Provincial Government. In 1871 he removed to the Oamaru district, and commenced farming at Richmond. In 1891 Mr. Forbes moved to Waitaki, having purchased a section of twenty acres in the township. He was married, in 1877, to a daughter of Mr. Arthur Morgan, of Beath, Scotland, and has five sons.
is a favourite seaside resort on the Peninsula, thirteen miles north-east from Dunedin by coach, and two miles and a half by ferry steamer from Port Chalmers. There is also a direct ferry service from Dunedin. Portobello has a post and telephone office, a good hotel, a school, Presbyterian and Anglican churches, a Masonic Hall, two good general stores, and a blacksmith's shop. It is beautifully situated, has a good climate, and is well sheltered from the cold winds. The settlers are engaged solely in the dairy industry, and the district is acknowledged to be one of the finest for grazing purposes in Otago. There are two main roads, the higher and the lower; the lower one is most suitable for cycling, as it is quite level. Branches from the main road lead to Harper's Inlet and Wycliffe Bay—two picturesque sheets of water. Harbour Cone is within a mile of the village, and, as its name implies, is a
. Wheelwright and General Blacksmith, Portobello. Mr. Barnes is a son of the late Mr. William Barnes, and a grandson of the late Mr. John Barnes, who was Mayor of Dunedin in 1885. He learned his trade with Mr. A. Roberts, coachbuilder of Great King Street, Dunedin, with whom he spent six years, and he was subsequently at the Tuapeka diggings for a year. Mr. Barnes followed his trade at Waiwera for a time, and then entered the employment of the Union Steamship Company, where he remained for a year. After some time as blacksmith at the Waihao Downs station he returned to Dunedin, and for eight years looked after his mother's business. Mr. Barnes started business as a blacksmith and wheelwright at Port Chalmers in 1899, and three years later acquired his present successful business at Portobello.
(William McGregor Dickson, James McColl Dickson, and Alexander Lyon McGregor Dickson), Sheepfarmers, Portobello.
, J.P., “Belmont,” Portobello, is the eldest son of the late Mr. William Dickson, an old resident of the Peninsula, who died in 1893. He was born in Perthshire, Scotland, and accompanied his father first to Australia, and subsequently, in 1883, to New Zealand. He was engaged in farming at Portobello for a time, and afterwards carried on a sawmilling business with his brothers at Catlins river. The present partnership between the brothers as sheep and cattle farmers was entered into in 1881, and the firm's operations in fat cattle are now the largest on the Peninsula. Mr. Dickson, who has been a Justice of the Peace since 1888, was a member of the road board for thirty years, during twelve of which he was chairman; and retired in 1904, not seeking re-election. He was also a member of the old Peninsula County Council, and is a deacon of the Presbyterian Church. Mr. Dickson belonged to the Portobello Rifles for eight years, and was also a member of the Rifle Club. He married a daughter of Mr. John Kerr, an old settler, and there is a family of six.
, “Rosemount,” Portobello, was born in Victoria, and accompanied his family to Dunedin in 1863. In conjunction with his brothers he carried on a sawmilling business at Catlins river for some years before entering into the present partnership. Mr. Dickson was elected chairman of the Portobello Road Board in 1904, and has been a member of the
, who is the fourth son of the late Mr. William Dickson, was born in Scotland, and accompanied his family to Australia and New Zealand. He is a member of the Otago Heads Road Board, and has been connected with the volunteers for many years. Mr. Dickson married Miss Anderson, of Roslyn, Dunedin, and has three children.
, Farmer, Milton, Portobello. Mr. Lewis, who is the second son of the late Mr. J. A. Lewis, was born in 1851, and accompanied his parents to New Zealand in 1862. He was educated by his father, and since his father's death has carried on farming at Portobello, with his brother, Mr. Arthur Lewis. Mr. Lewis was for years a member of the Portobello Road Board, and also of the Portobello Rifle Volunteers, which he left on the disbandment of the corps, with the rank of coloursergeant. He was one of the promoters of the Peninsula Agricultural and Pastoral Association, and also of the Kaike races. Mr. Lewis, who is unmarried, is a Past Master in the Masonic Order.
, Farmer, Portobello. Mr. Lewis is the third son of the late Mr. J. A. Lewis, was born at Home, and came to New Zealand with his parents in 1862. He now carries on farming in conjunction with his brother at Portobello. Mr. Lewis was for many years a member of the Peninsula Rifle Volunteers, but has taken no part in local affairs. He married a daughter of Mr. W. Park, of Blueskin, and has three children. Mrs Lewis was formerly teacher at the Portobello and Sandymount schools
, Farmer, Roselle, Portobello. Mr. McCartney was born in 1865, at Portobello, and is the eldest son of Mr. George McCartney, who came to New Zealand by the ship “Jura” in 1858. He was brought up to farming and succeeded to his father's farm at Portobello in 1898. Mr. McCartney was elected a member of the Portobello Road Board in 1904, and he is also a member of the Farmers' Union. He married Miss Farquharson, daughter of Mr. James Farquharson, an old colonist of Port Chalmers.
, F.E.I.S., sometime of “Milton,” Portobello, was well known as a teacher at Livingstone, Linlithgowshire, Scotland, before coming to Port Chalmers with his wife and family by the ship “Silistria,” in 1862. Soon after his arrival he was appointed headmaster of the North East Harbour school, where he taught with much success until 1865, when he removed to his farm at Milton, Portobello, where his two sons still carry on farming. Mr. Lewis died at his residence in 1869, at the age of fifty-seven, leaving three sons and six daughters. His wife died in 1881, at the age of seventy-one.
, J.P., who lives in retirement at his residence, Leith Walk, Portobello, was born in Ayrshire, Scotland, and came to Otago with his father and two brothers by the ship “Storm Cloud,” in 1860. He studied for the legal profession for some years before leving the Old Country, but on coming to New Zealand he resolved to follow an outdoor life. Mr. McCartney spent some time at the Gabriel's Gully gold diggings, and was also engaged in cutting timber and firewood at Pine Hill. In 1864 he accompanied the family to Wickliffe Bay, where he farmed until his retirement in 1901. Mr. McCartney was at one time a member of the road board of which he was chairman for two years, and he was chairman or secretary of the Portobello school committee for over thirty years. He is a life member and secretary and treasurer of the Peninsula Library Endowment Trustees, and has been honorary secretary of the library committee for the last thirty-five years. Mr. McCartney possesses numerous shooting trophies and the bronze medal and the New Zealand Rifle Association's medal, besides being entitled to the long service medal. He has been a most enthusiastic volunteer since 1868, when the Portobello contingent of the Port Navals was formed. Two years later the Portobello Rifles became a separate body, with Mr. McCartney as lieutenant commanding. He was gazetted captain in 1878 and major in 1883, and, on the disbandment of the Portobello Rifles in 1884, became president of the Portobello Rifle Club. Mr. McCartney has been a Justice of the Peace since 1884. He married the eldest daughter of the late Mr. James Seaton, M.H.R., and there are two sons and three daughters.
, also known as the Maori Kaike, is about twenty miles north-east from Dunedin, and six from Portobello. There is conveyance by coach to Portobello, and thence by trap or horse to Dunedin. A steamer also calls at Portobello once a month. Otakau is a Maori settlement, but the land, which is excepticnally good, is largely taken up by European dairy farmers, who lease from the Maori owners. Otakau has a post and telegraph office, and also a school and church. The district is most prosperous, and local affairs are controlled by a road board. The Taiaroa Heads, with the lighthouse and fortifications, are about three miles distant, and are worthy of a visit.
, Farmer, Waiari, Otakou. Mr. Karetai is the eldest of the two surviving sons of the late Timoti Karetai, and a grandson of Karetai, one of the leading Maori chiefs of the Middle Island. He was educated at the Otakou school, and now works his farm at the Heads. Mr. Karetai takes a leading part in the local affairs of his district, and has been for years a member of the Otago Heads Road Board, and the Otago Heads school committee. He is a Freemason of several years' standing, and is attached to Lodge Kilwinning, Portobello. Mr. Karetai married Miss Edmonds, of Otakou, and has, surviving, a family of eight.
, Farmer, Otakou. Mr. Ryan was born near Carlow, Ireland, and came to Port Chalmers by the ship “City of Dunedin” then on her third voyage. Shortly after his arrival he started farming at the Otago Heads, on land belonging to his brother-in-law, Captain Stevens, and two years afterwards entered the pilot service for two years and a half. He was then appointed manager for Mr. George Wildon, butcher, and bought the cattle and sheep necessary for the business. Seven years later Mr. Ryan bought his present property of about 400 acres at Otakou, where he fattens cattle and carries on dairying. He possesses a thorough knowledge of stock, of which he is a well known judge, and he was the first man to drive a horse and cart to the Heads. Mr. Ryan was one of the first members of the Otakou Road Board, and helped to form the Peninsula Agricultural and Pastoral Association, at the shows of which he has been a successful exhibitor of cattle and horses. He served as a volunteer in the Portobello Rifle Corps until its disbandment, and is now (1904) a member of the Rifle Club. Mr. Ryan married a daughter of Mr. John Kerr, of Portobello, but his wife died in July, 1901, leaving four sons and three daughters.
, Farmer. Otakou. Mr. Taiaroa is the second son of the Hon. H. K. Taiaroa, M.L.C., and was born at Otakou in 1864. He completed his education at the Otago Boys' High School, and for a short time studied law in the office of Messrs Kettle and Woodhouse, Dunedin, before turning his attention to farming. Mr. Taiaroa farmed at Southbridge for nine years, and subsequently spent four years touring round New Zealand. He then returned to Otakou, where he now carries on dairying on his extensive farm near the Heads. He has been a member of the local school committee for several years, and a trustee of the church and cemetery at the Kaike. At one time Mr. Taiaroa was a well known athlete, and carried off numerous prizes at football. He married a daughter of Mr. Tame Parata, M.H.R., and there is a family of six children.
is one of the most important dairying districts on the Otago Peninsula. It is eight miles east of Dunedin, with which it has coach communication three times a week, by the main road. It has a creamery, school, post office, volunteer hall, and a Presbyterian church. The farms in the district are of a fair size, and devoted to dairying; and, owing to the breezes from the ocean, the pasture is wonderfully fresh and luxuriant. There are good roads, and Dunedin may be reached by the main high road, or through Portobello, which is four miles distant.
, Farmer, Sandymount. Mr. Robertson, who is the eldest son of the late Mr. William Robertson, was born in 1840, in Glasgow, and accompanied his parents to Otago by the ship “Silistria.” Shortly after his arrival he and his brother were attracted to the Lindis goldfields, and they afterwards went to Gabriel's Gully, where they met with considerable success. The brothers then went to the diggings at Hokitika, and returned to Dunedin in 1865. When the colonial public works were started, they went into partnership in the lime burning industry, and carried on a large business for many years. On giving up the business, Mr. Robertson returned to the farm, which he and his brother carried on until the death of their father, when both succeeded to their portions of the estate. Mr. Robertson has been a member of the road board, and took an active part in starting the creamery system, which has done so much towards the prosperity of the Peninsula. He married a daughter of the late Mr. Murdock, of Puerua, Clutha, but she died in July, 1890.
, Farmer, Sandymount. Mr. Robertson, who is the youngest son of the late Mr. William Robertson, was born in Perth, Scotland, and came to New Zealand with his parents in 1860, by the ship “Silistria.” As a boy he worked on his father's farm, and in 1886 went to Melbourne, where for twelve years he was engaged on the cable trams. On returning to New Zealand Mr. Robertson became manager of the Government lime kilns at Palmerston, but resigned after twelve months, and has since been engaged in dairy farming at Sandymount. He is a member of the Highcliff Road Board and the Portobello Agricultural and Pastoral Association, and he has served as a volunteer in the Portobello Rifles, the Bruce Rifles, and the City Guard Cadets. Mr. Robertson married a daughter of Mr. William Nunn, of Ballarat.
, Farmer, “Birnam,” Sandymount. Mr. Robertson, who is the second son of the late Mr. William Robertson, was born in Perthshire, Scotland, in 1848, and came to New Zealand with his parents, at the age of fifteen, by the ship “Silistria.” He accompanied his brother, Mr. John Robertson, to the Lindis, Gabriel's Gully, and West Coast diggings, and was the youngest digger on the Lindis. He subsequently carried on farming in conjunction with his father and brother on their property at Sandymount. Later on Mr. Robertson and his brother had the lime kilns at Sandymount and Milburn, but he soon gave up the business, and returned to the farm, where he has since carried on dairy farming. He has been for several years a member of the Sandymount school committee, of which he was at one time chairman; he was also a member of the road board, and took an active part in getting the creameries on the Peninsula startad. Mr. Robertson is a member of the Portobello Agricultural and Pastoral Association, and of the Farmers' Union; and served as a volunteer in the Portobello Rifles until retiring with the rank of lieutenant. He married a daughter of the late Mr. Hector Baxter, of Caversham, Dunedin, and has five sons.
, Farmer, “Glenweir,” Sandymount. Mr. Weir is the eldest son of the late Mr. Daniel Weir, one of the pioneer colonists, who arrived by the ship “Blundell” in 1848, and died at his residence at Anderson's Bay. Mr. Cochrane Weir was born at Leith, Scotland, and accompanied his parents to Otago at the age of six. He first worked with his father, but afterwards went to the Lake Wakatipu and the Dunstan goldfields, where he met with considerable success, but the flood carried away his savings, and practically everything was lost. However, Mr. Weir, who still owned some horses, determined to go overland to the West Coast diggings, and try his luck. He was seven weeks on the journey, but arrived with his horses in fine condition, joined a partner, and started storekeeping and packing. The business turned out very successful, and after two years and a half Mr. Weir returned to Dunedin, and, in 1867, started farming at Sandymount. His first purchase was eighty acres covered with dense bush, but this he cleared and cultivated, and he is now one of the largest and most important farmers on the Peninsula. His farm is over 217 acres in
, Farmer, Sandymount. Mr. Weir was born in 1855, at Anderson's Bay, Dunedin, and is the youngest son of the late Mr. Daniel Weir, who came out by the ship “Blundell.” He worked on his father's property till he was nineteen years of age, when he took up a farm at Sandymount. In 1884 Mr. Weir acquired his present property, a fine farm of over seventy acres, which he devotes to dairying. He has been a member of the Sandymount school committee for seven years, and was for one year its chairman. Mr. Weir has been an active member of the Peninsula Agricultural and Pastoral Association since its inception, and is also a member of the Portobello Rifle Club. He married Miss Cowan, fourth daughter of Mr. Robert Cowan, of Sandymount, and has three daughters and one son.
, who has lived in retirement on his farm at Sandymount since 1881, was born in Renfrewshire. Scotland, and came to Dunedin by the ship “Lady Egidia” in 1861, with his wife, five daughters and one son. At first he was engaged in road making and various other work about Anderson's Bay, and in 1863 purchased a farm at Sandymount, to which he removed two years later. The land was then practically covered with bush, but is now in a fine state of cultivation. Mr. Cowan was for many years a member of the Portobello Road Board and school committee, but retired from active life in 1881. Of his family of six, four are now alive, and there are forty-five grandchildren and twenty-five great-grandchildren. Mr. and Mrs Cowan are still hale and hearty, and will celebrate their Diamond Wedding in December, 1904.
, sometime of “Sandffy,” Sandymount, was born in 1812. in Coultrannie, Perthshire, Scotland,. As a young man he learned the macadamised system of roadmaking under Mr. Macadam, its founder, and was afterwards engaged in teaching the system throughout Scotland. He subsequently learned the trade of a stonemason, and after two years took a sub-contract under Mr. John Stephenson, the well known railway contractor, then engaged in carrying out some important railway contracts in Scotland. Mr. Robertson's ability in carrying out his work caused him to be chosen by Mr Stephenson to superintend the making of a railway in France under the French Government, but owing to the outbreak of the revolution which led to the Second Empire, the work was not proceeded with. For ten years after the death of Mr. Stephenson, under whose supervision he had carried out several important railway contracts, Mr. Robertson lived in retirement in his native place. A position of responsibility was then offered to him in connection with the formation of the Grand Trunk Railway in Canada, but after visiting that country he declined the offer. He built the Elie Pier on the Firth of Forth, the last undertaking he was engaged in before leaving for New Zealand. Mr. Robertson, with his wife, four sons and six daughters, arrived in Otago in 1880, by the ship “Silistria.” Not finding any railway works in Otago, he almost made up his mind to leave for Victoria, but his two eldest sons being attracted to the Lindis gold rush, he remained in Dunedin. Soon afterwards Mr. Robertson bought a large property of 600 acres at Sandymount, where he resided up to the time of his death in 1902, at the age of ninety. Mrs Robertson, who will long be remembered throughout the district for her kindness and hospitality, died in 1885, at the age of sixty-nine. Mr. Robertson always took a prominent part in local affairs, and especially in educational matters. During the first years of his residence at Sandymount the nearest school was at North East Harbour, and the teacher's salary was paid by the settlers. He urged that the state should pay the salary, and this led to the late Mr. James Macandrew bringing the idea before the Provincial Council, and, indirectly, to the general state system of education. Mr. Robertson was for many years a member of the road board and school committee, and contested a seat in the Provincial Council. He is entitled to remembrance as one of the originators of the scheme of cheap money for farmers. At the last nomination for the Superiutendent of Otago he put the following question to Mr. Macandrew: “In the event of your being returned as Superintendent, will you bring in a Bill to give cheap money to farmers?” Mr. Macandrew replied he would endeavour to do so. Subsequently Mr. Robertson approached Sir Julius Vogel on the same subject; but that statesman replied that the monied institutions were too powerful for any public man or political party to think of taking such a scheme in hand at that time.
lies six miles east of Dunedin, on the Otago Peninsula, between Tomahawk and Sandymount, and has coach communication with Dunedin three times a week. It has a school, and a post and telephone office; and dairy farming is the principal occupation of the settlers.
. Farmer, “Springfield.” Highcliff. Mr. Mathieson, who is the only son of the late Mr. John Mathieson, was born in Scotland, and accompanied his parents to New Zealand in 1858. He completed his education at the Dunedin Boys' High School, and succeeded to Springfield estate on his father's death in 1887. He has been for some years a member of the High-cliff school committee, and also of the Peninsula Agricultural and Pastoral Association. Mr. Mathieson married the eldest daughter of Mr. Riddell, of the Taieri and Peninsula Dairy Association, and has one son and six daughters.
, Farmer, Highcliff. Mr. Robertson was born in Perthshire, Scotland, and is the third son of the late Mr. William Robertson, who came to New Zealand with his family by the ship “Silistria” in 1860. He has always followed a farming life, and is also a breeder of horses, having bred the well known sires “Ivanhoe” and “Shamrock.” Mr. Robertson has always taken a great interest in volunteering, and is a lieutenant on the active unattached list. He first joined the Portobello Rifles in 1877, and remained a member until their disbandment in 1883. In 1887 he joined the Peninsula Rifles, was gazetted lieutenant in 1888, and on the disbandment of the corps the following year he was placed on the active unattached list. Mr. Robertson was for three years on the honorary staff of Colonel Webb, and took part in the demonstration in Hagley Park, Christchurch, during the visit of the Prince and Princess of Wales. Mr. Robertson married a daughter of Mr. Richard Hall, a well known settler of Sandymount.
, sometime of “Springfield,” Highcliff, was born in Midlothian, Scotland, and came to Port Chalmers, with his wife and family, by the ship “Jura” in 1858. He first settled at Grant's Braes, Anderson's Bay, and seven years later he purchased the Springfield farm, on which he resided until his death in 1887, at the age of sixty-seven. Mr. Mathieson always took an interest in local affairs, and was for several years a member (and also chairman) of the Peninsula Road Board. He was a member of the Peninsula Agricultural and Pastoral Association, and took an active part in forming the local library. Mrs Mathieson died in 1883, leaving one son and two daughters.
, which is an industrial centre, four miles south of Dunedin, forms part of the borough of Green Island, and is also included in the postal district of that town. It is connected with Dunedin by rail; and also by a road from Caversham, beginning with a long stretch uphill, but kept in first-class condition. From the top of the hill a fine view of Burnside, Green Island, and the Taieri plains is obtainable. The local industries include the New Zealand Drug Company's Chemical Works, the Otago Iron Rolling Mills, the New Zealand Refrigerating Company's Works, the Dunedin City Abattoirs, a tannery, flour mill, and several fellmongeries. There are two railway stations, the nearest to Dunedin being the Cattle Yards, where there are numbers of pens for the accommodation of sheep and cattle sent in by farmers and cattle dealers for sale, or for the abattoirs. The other station, Burnside, is about a mile south of the Cattle Yards. There is one hotel, but no private boardinghouse. Many people engaged in business in Dunedin live in the Burnside district, where they have built comfortable and picturesque residences.
, Makers of Flat, Square, Round and Angle Iron, Burnside, Brands: “B.B.B.,” shoeing quality; “N.Z.,” for engineering work. Telegraphic address, “Iron Mills, Abbotsford”; telephone, 623: bankers. National Bank of New Zealand Managing Director: Hon. A. Lee Smith; works managers, Messrs Alexander H. Smellie and William O. Smellie; general manager, Mr. Herbert Stott. These mills were established in 1886, and are now the only industry of their kind in New Zealand, as the firm has recently acquired the plant of the late Iron Mills at Onehunga. The Otago Mills supply the New Zealand Government with bar iron at all the chief centres. The authorities have always been well pleased with the iron, which has stood all tests, and is far superior to the Home article imported into the colony. The English iron has not been through the number of processes required to make it fibrous, and is granular and brittle, while the Burnside rolled metal is exceedingly tough. As showing the direct bearing of this industry upon others, it may be mentioned that for the furnaces about fifty tons of Westport coal are used in a week, and for steaming purposes an equal amount of lignite, mined in the district, is consumed. The rolled metal is manufactured from scrap iron, not pig iron, and all around the works there are heaps upon heaps of the most heterogeneous collection imaginable, consisting of horse shoes, boiler plates, ship plates, old rails, engine scraps, and all kinds of broken culinary and agricultural implements, which, but for the existence of these mills, would have no commercial value whatever. The scraps are shipped to the mills from all parts of New Zealand, and even from New South Wales, Queensland, Tasmania, and New Caledonia. The firm cannot get sufficient old iron, and were a much larger supply available, the proprietors would be able to use it, and to extend their works so as to keep pace with their orders. Every description of square, angle, flat, rolled and standard iron is supplied to the wholesale merchants throughout the colony. In the process of manufacture the scraps are first of all cut up into handy sizes by a powerful machine called the “shears,” the cutting power of which is such that it will snip through a Victorian railway rail, which weighs seventy pounds to the yard. After the scraps are cut, they are packed up into heaps of about 140 pounds weight, and placed on small square boards. Eighteen or twenty of these heaps make a “charge” for each furnace, and are run on trollies or “bogeys” to the furnace, where they are shovelled in, in much the same manner as a baker puts bread in the oven. The boards on which the piles are placed burn away, and the iron is heated to a white-hot mass. The piles are then withdrawn from the furnace and rushed to a steam hammer, which, dealing a blow of twenty-five tons, quickly reduces the charge to the necessary size for putting through the rollers. After this it is cut up into weights suitable for making the various sizes
, who is a Director of the Otago Iron Rolling Mills Company, Limited, was one of the founders of the Mills, in conjunction with his brothers and Mr. Walter Stott. He was born in Glasgow, Scotland, in 1854, and with his brothers was apprenticed to the Great Central Railway Workshops at Manchester, England. At twenty-eight years of age he became foreman of the works at Warrington, and was subsequently sent to Carnforth, in the North of England, to erect and manage new iron workshops, where he remained for three years, before leaving for New Zealand in 1886. Mr. Smellie and his brothers brought out with them a complete Iron Works plant, which they erected at Burnside, and so gave another important industry to the colony. With his thorough knowledge of the iron industry, and his alert business methods, Mr. Smellie's help was invaluable; and it is in a large measure due to him that the Otago Iron Mills occupy their present high position in the industrial life of New Zealand. Mr. Smellie was married, in the Manchester Cathedral, in 1875, to a daughter of Mr. A. McLean, of Glasgow. His wife died in February, 1903, leaving three sons and five daughters.
, Of the Otago Iron Rolling Mills, was born in Glasgow. Scotland, in 1856. He was brought up and educated in Manchester, and subsequently served an apprenticeship in the steel department of the Great Central Railway. He arrived in New Zealand in 1886 with his brothers, whom he joined in establishing Messrs Smellie Brothers' Iron Rolling Mills, which have since been formed into a company under the name of the Otago Iron Rolling Mills Company, Limited. Mr. Smellie was married, in 1881, to a daughter of Mr John Rowbottorn, of Manchester. England, and has a family of two sons and three daughters.
, Of the Otago Iron Rolling Mills, was born in Glasgow, Scotland, in 1859. At an early age he removed with his parents to Manchester, and after leaving school entered the steel making department of the Manchester, Sheffield, and Lincolnshire Railway Company, now the Great Central Railway Company, in the management of which he was eventually associated with his brother William. Mr. Smellie came to New Zealand in 1836, and with his father and brothers helped to organise the mills, which he and his brothers now direct. He was married, in 1884, to a daughter of Mr. D. Bruce, of Liverpool. England, and has three sons and one daughter.
, General Manager of the Otago Iron Rolling Company Limited, was born at Droylsden, near Manchester. England, and was educated at the place of his birth. On the completion of his education he accepted a position as junior clerk in the service of the Manchester Corporation's Gas Department. After three years' service he left England for Sydney, Australia, where he obtained a position—which he occupied for four years—on the clerical staff of Reuter's Telegram Company Limited. In response to a better offer, he accepted the position of accountant to Messrs Johnson and Sons, leather merchants, Sydney. Three years afterwards his brother, Mr. Walter Stott, who was commercial manager and partner in the
(New Zealand Refrigerating Company, Limited, proprietors), Burnside, Otago. Mr. William Murray, secretary; Mr. John Wilson, local manager; Mr. John Aitchison, engineer in charge. Head office, Liverpool Street, Dunedin. The Burnside Freezing Works were the first of their kind erected in the colony, and cover a large area. They are further referred to at page 335 of this volume.
, Engineer-in-Charge of the Burnside Freezing Works, was born at Kaitangata in 1863, and served his apprenticeship to the engineering trade with Messrs James Davidson and Co., of the Otago Foundry. In 1885 he joined the Burnside works as assistant engineer to Mr. John Scott, the first engineer of the works, and was appointed to his present position in 1895. Mr. Aitchison is the inventor of an appliance or switch, which he has erected at the Burnside works to facilitate rapid handling in setting grades of sheep together in the cooling chambers. The switch used for this purpose works on the drop principle; and as the straight switch, lifts out, a curved one drop in. The attachment for accomplishing this is worked by a wooden handle attached to a cord, which does away with the necessity for handling the switch. The patent is also in use at the Oamaru works. Mr. Aitchison is a member of the Green Island Bowling Club, and has been connected with several Dunedin cricket clubs. He has held a commission as lieutenant in the Green Island Rifle Volunteers since November, 1902, and is referred to in that connection at page 134 of this volume. Mr. Aitchison was married, in 1888, to a daughter of Mr. John Scott (father of the late Mayor of Dunedin), and has two sons and two daughters.
(Kempthorne, Prosser and Company, proprietors), Burnside, Otago; Mr. George B. Smith, manager. Bankers, Union Bank of Australasia. Telephone, 203. Manager's residence, “Kuri Mari,” Main South Road. These works were established in 1881, for the manufacture of sulphuric, muiratic, nitric, and other acids. Most of the sulphur used comes from Japan, and after being burned in specially contrived furnaces, the fumes and steam pass into large leaden chambers, for condensation. Afterwards the acid is run into leaden passes so as to be concentrated, and it then passes into the platinum boiler for final concentration. The acid is then, previous to being put into jars ready for the market, run through a cooler made of platinum. A large portion of the sulphuric acid manufactures is used in making superphosphates. Muriatic, Nitric, and Acetic acid, and liquid ammonia, are also manufactured at the chemical works, where special retorts are provided to deal with the ammonia. The manure department of the firm has become once of its leading industries, and occupies a large space of the buildings. Heads and bones of cattle, and blood and offal from the abattoirs, are treated by a special process, after which they are used largely in the composition of manures. The heads and bones are first put into digesters, and after being treated, are drawn out and strewn on the floor to dry, previous to being crushed. Superphosphates also play an important part in the manure industry. The phosphate rock, found forty miles from the works, after being crushed very fine, is hoisted by elevators into a hopper, run into a mixer with the sulphuric acid, and is then run out of the mixer into pit, where it is left for twelve hours to harden, before being removed by excavators into trucks, and conveyed to the store shed. Another department of the works is devoted to the manufacture of linseed oil. The raw linseed is passed through two sets of friction rollers, and comes out as linseed meal. Then it passes under heavy edge-runners, and is placed into heaters, from
, Manager of the New Zealand Drug Company's Chemical Works, at Burnside, was born in Aberdeenshire, Scotland, in 1841. When eighteen years old he went to the United States, and apprenticed himself to the engineering trade, at Maine, but in 1862 left for Australia to join his father, then Chief Pleuro-Pneumonia Commissioner of Victoria, at Melbourne. After assisting his father for a time Mr. Smith entered the chemical business of Messrs Clarke, Hoffman and Co. He worked up to the position of manager, and afterwards he and Mr. Cuming and Mr. C. Campbell bought the business, and the firm became known as Cuming, Smith and Co. In 1881 Mr. Smith disposed of his interest, and came over to New Zealand to erect and manage the works at Burnside. On leaving Melbourne he was presented, by his late employers, with a solid silver flower bowl, and also received many other valuable presents. For four years Mr. Smith was a member of the Footscray Borough Council, a suburban municipality of Melbourne, and was still a member when he left for New Zealand. He was married, in 1887, but his wife died in 1900, leaving two sons and three daughters.
is about five miles and a half from Dunedin, on the main south road. The railway station is at Abbotsford, and the local post office at Mr. Campbell's store. Green Island is a small thriving borough, situated in the county of Taieri; and many of the early settlers took up land and made their homes in the district. The local industries include a flour mill, lignite coal mines, a ham and bacon curing factory, and the Otago Iron Rolling Mills and other factories are just outside the district. There are two hotels and several private boarding houses in the town. A prominent feature of the landscape is the tall white spire of the Presbyterian church, which can be seen many miles away; Green Island has two other churches—an Anglican and Primitive Methodist. It has, also, a fine public school and a gymnasium hall, and the hall is much used by the school children.
was proclaimed a borough in 1878. Mr. J. J. Eagerty was its first Mayor, and his successors have been: Messrs Charles Samson, James Runciman, A. Woollatt, James Loudon, J. Toomey, Joseph Ensor, Andrew Kane, and Mr. James Miller, who is the present Mayor. The councillors for 1904 are: Messrs William Geddes, William Highet, George Russell, Andrew Kane, James Jenkins, A. McKinley, A. Falconer, and James MacMullan: Town Clerk, Mr. Thomas Thomson. Green Island borough has an area of 103 acres; population, 700; dwellings, 148; ratepayers, 179; rateable properties 171. The rateable annual value is £2,968. A rate of 1s 3d in the £ was struck on the 26th of April, 1902. The borough's assets on the 31st of March, 1902, stood at £4 13s 1d; liabilities, a bank overdraft of £225 11s 6d.
, J.P., who was elected Mayor of Green Island in 1903, and again in April, 1904, has occupied a seat on the Council, either as councillor or Mayor ever since the borough was incorporated as a municipality. He was born in Glasgow, Scotland, and came to New Zealand in 1868, by the ship “Anges Muir.” After a year spent in a bacon-curing business at Caversham, he removed to Green Island, and with Mr. McDonald, opened up a similar establishment. On the retirement of Mr. McDonald in 1893 Mr. Miller took his son into partnership. The firm cures on an average about 4,000 pigs in a season, which are distributed to customers all over the colony. Mr. Miller has been a member of the Caversham Licensing Committee, chairman of the Green Island Domain Board, and chairman of the local school committee. He believes that the only rational solution to the Kaikorai stream question is the extension of the Green Island borough, which, if accomplished, would enable the ratepayers to demand a water supply from the Silverstream, thus providing the factories with clean water with which to carry on their operations. Mr. Miller was married, in 1874, to a daughter of Mr. John Mills, and has a family of six sons and three daughters.
was appointed Clerk to the Green Island Borough Council in November, 1901. He also acts as clerk for the school committee, and the Cemetery and Domain Board. Mr. Thomson is a native of Scotland, and came to the colony in 1887.
, Architect, Land and Estate Agent, Green Island, near Dunedin. Mr. Ritchie was born at Fernie Castle, Fifeshire, Scotland, and educated partly there, and partly at the Free Abbey Academy. He studied architecture under Mr. R. Hay, a leading architect and land surveyor in Dunfermline,
, Storekeeper and Postmaster, Green Island. Mr. Campbell was born in 1839, in Glasgow, Scotland, and was brought up to the drapery trade. He sailed for Melbourne by the ship “The Lightning,” in 1860, and a year later came to Port Chalmers. After three months with Mr. John Mollison, in Dunedin, Mr. Campbell removed to Green Island, and started in business as a general storekeeper, and as such he still carries on. The premises, which are situated on the main south road, consist of a large two-storey brick building, with living rooms on the first floor; and the stock comprises drapery, groceries, ironmongery, and other articles of household use. Since 1863 Mr. Campbell has acted as postmaster, in addition to carrying on his business. Owing to his business occupying most of his time he has been forced to decline many prominent public positions. Mr. Campbell was married. in 1863, to a daughter of Mr. Richard Runciman, an old and respected colonist, and has a grown-up family of two sons and three daughters.
, which is the railway station for Green Island, is situated in the Taieri county, six miles south of Dunedin, and four miles north of Mosgiel. There is a railway station and post and telegraph office combined. The place was named after Mr. Abbot, a surveyor, and in the home of a number of men employed in the adjacent coal mine. Abbotsford has a library containing 1,800 books, and there is also a volunteer hall. The district's earliest settlers include Mr. William Martin, J.P., a “Phillip Laing” passenger, and Messrs R. Crawford, James Kirkland, Alexander Brown, the Muir family, and Dr. Will.
is situated five miles south of Dunedin on the main south line. The station was opened in 1874 by Mr. J. R. Blair, Engineer of Railways, and Mr. T. Butchart was the first stationmaster. Forty-three trains pass the station daily, and, with the exception of the north and south express, they all make it a stopping place. The building, which is of wood, contains a large and comfortable office, ladies' waiting room, and a large vestibule, where seats have been placed for the convenience of the travelling public. There is a signal cabin close by, containing the switches and signals used for trains passing on to the Fernhill branch, and the main south line. Most of the output of coal from the local mine is railed from this station.
, who has been Stationmaster. Postmaster, and Telegraphist at Abbotsford since 1899, was born in Glasgow, Scotland, in 1854, and apprenticed as an engineer. He came to New Zealand in 1874 by the ship “Invercargill,” and for three years was engaged in farming life in the Wyndham district, Otago. Mr. McKechnie entered the railway service in 1877, and shortly afterwards was appointed stationmaster at Burnside. He subsequently filled similar positions of trust at Waitati, Caversham, and Newmarket, near Auckland, before receiving his present appointment in 1899. Mr. McKechnie was a member of the Green Island school committee for seven years, is attached to the Cargill Kilwinning Lodge of Freemasons, No. 632, Scottish Constitution, and is an enthusiastic member of the Green Island Bowling Club. He was married, in 1883, to a daughter of Mr. Andrew Mulholland, farmer, of Eden, County Derry, Ireland, and has one son and two daughters. Mr. McKechnie built and furnished the Prince of Wales Private Hotel, at Clinton, in the county of Clutha. This hotel is now occupied by him, and is replete with all modern conveniences. It is extensively patronised by tourists and anglers, the famous Waiwera and Pomahaka fishing streams being in the vicinity. The house is situated seventy miles south of Dunedin; and the train from Dunedin reaches it in two hours and a half, and from Invercargill in two hours and twenty minutes.
is a small farming settlement on the Strath-Taieri plain, forty-four miles from Dunedin on the Otago Central railway. Among the earliest residents of the district were Mr. Sutton—after whom the place is named—and Messrs James Gilbert, William Dow, Patrick Spratt, Michael Egan, and Michael Moynihan. Most of the plain and of the surrounding hills was originally covered with native bush, of which small patches still remain. The district is divided into small farms, and much of the land is of good productive quality. A Government settlement has also been established, with holdings of about twenty five acres. Here the settlers carry on dairying, and since the establishment of a creamery at Middlemarch they have been very successful. There is a post office and a public school at Sutton, and Presbyterian church services are held in the schoolhouse.
, Farmer, Gowrie Bend Farm, Sutton. Mr. Gilbert was born in 1847, at Elgin, Morayshire, Scotland, where he was brought up to farming. He arrived in Australia in 1866, by the ship “Champion of the Seas,” and four years later came to New Zealand by the s.s. “Tararua.” He worked at the Taieri for a time, and afterwards went to Strath-Taieri with Mr. E. W. Humphreys. Early in the seventies Hr. Gilbert acquired his present fine property at Sutton, comprising 230 acres, which he devotes to mixed farming. The land was then in its native state, but it is now thoroughly cultivated, and a house and farm buildings have been erected by the proprietor, who has also planted every tree on his farm. Mr Gilbert has served on the Sutton school committee since 1897, and is a member of the Otago Agricultural and Pastoral Association, and also of the Strath-Taieri Agricultural and Pastoral Association.
is a rising township on the Strath-Taieri plain, forty-eight miles north-west from Dunedin, on the Otago Central railway. For some time it was the terminal station on this line, but the pushing onward of the railway has not retarded the progress of the township, as it is the natural centre of a large out-lying district. Standing 650 feet above sea level, Middlemarch possesses a dry climate, and is rapidly becoming a favourite health resort. The summer seasons are warm, but not enervating, and the winters cold, but dry. The winter of 1903 will long be remembered as an exceptionally cold season; the temperature registered at Middlemarch on the 17th of July of that year was thirteen degrees below zero. Three religious denomination;—Presbyterian, Catholic, and Anglican—have erected places of worship, and periodical services are held in each. At the railway station there is a post, telegraph, and money order office; and a telephone bureau—connecting with Dunedin—is sure to be established in the near future. The public school is a substantial building, with a large number of scholars on the roll. The township has also two hotels, a public hall, stores, and a creamery. The establishment of the creamery gave an impetus to the dairying industry, and has greatly advanced the prosperity of the settlement. Strath-Taieri is a narrow plain, twenty miles in length, and a worderfully fertile agricultural area. It is well watered by a large number of streamlets that flow from the Rock and Pillar Range on the west, to the Taieri river on the eastern boundary. In this respect it has an equal advantage with North Canterbury—where an artificial water-race system is in vogue—inasmuch as there is scarcely
(R. H. Hunter-Weston J.P., proprietor), Middlemareh. This estate was originally taken up by Messrs Gellibrand and Smith, and in the early days it extended from the upper portion of the Strath-Taieri Plain down to the outskirts of Dunedin. It now lies about a mile and a half from Middlemarch, on the east side of the Taieri river, and comprises about 8,000 acres. The freehold portion of the estate consists of 700 acres of first class agricultural land, with a river frontage, and the remainder of the property is a grazing run extending from the Strath-Taieri Plain up the sunny slopes of the Taieri Ridge, upon which about 3,500 crossbred sheep are depastured. The arable land, which is devoted to mixed farming, has been subdivided, fenced, and considerably improved, and yields large crops of oats, wheat, and turnips. The proprietor devotes much attention to dairying, and has about 140 head of dairy cattle. He has recently installed some Lawrence-Kennedy milking machines, and a cream separator plant. Pig raising is also carried on at Cottesbrook, and specially constructed styes have been erected with floors and feeding troughs of concrete, while warm shelter houses and efficient drainage are also provided. The woolshed, stables, and other farm outbuildings, and the men's quarters are modern buildings, mostly of stone. The large residence is surrounded by shelter trees and ornamental gardens.
, J.P., Proprietor of the Cottesbrook estate, is a son of Colonel Gould Hunter-Weston, of “Hunterston,” Ayrshire, Scotland. He was born in Ayrshire, in 1869, and was educated at Wellington College. He passed through the militia into the army, and served for three years as a subaltern in India, but his health broke down, and he returned to Scotland. Mr. Hunter-Weston came out to New Zealand in 1895, and to gain a thorough knowledge of farming he worked as a cadet on Akitio station (Wellington), Ringway (Southland), and Gladbrook (Middlemarch). for about four years before acquiring the Cottesbrook estate. He was appointed a Justice of the Peace in 1902. Mr. Hunter-Weston married the second daughter of Mr. John Roberts, C.M.G., and has one son.
has been owned by Messrs Murray, Roberts and Co. since 1873. It was originally held by Mr. Campbell Thompson, one of the pioneer settlers of Otago, at which time it extended from the Rock and Pillar Range to Deep Stream. The estate passed from Mr. Campbell Thompson into the hands of Messrs Gordon and Shepherd, who held it for a few years, until the Government began to cut up land for settlement. Messrs Murray, Roberts and Company then acquired the present Gladbrook estate, together with the adjoining Patearoa run, which extended over the Maniototo Plain. The lease of Patearoa expired in 1904, when the Government cut up that large property into small grazing runs. “Gladbrook” now comprises about 10,000 acres of freehold, and 45,600 acres of leasehold land. Of the freehold, 5,000 acres are first-class agricultural land, which has been improved, and is cropped chiefly for stock purposes. The average returns are forty-five bushels of wheat per acre, and seventy bushels of oats; though oats have yielded up to 110 bushels and wheat up to sixty-five bushels per acre. The leasehold portion of the property is a grazing run, extending from the agricultural tableland to the summit of the Rock and Pillar Range, and here 15,000 crossbred sheep are grued. For many years up to 42,000 sheep have been shorn annually on the combined Gladbrook and Patearoa estates. There are about 800 cattle at Gladbrook—solely of the Polled Angus breed—for the raising of which prize stock were specially imported. Clydesdale and lighter horses are also bred on the estate, which may be termed one of the best properties in Central Otago, and the numerous farm buildings are well appointed. The beautiful homestead, surrounded by its well laid out gardens, is the country residence of Mr. John Roberts, C.M.G.
, General Manager of Gladbrook Station, was born in Roxburghshire, Scotland, in 1844. He was brought up to pastoral pursuits and came to the Colony in 1861 by the ship “Pladda,” which discharged her passengers at Port Chalmers. After a short experience on the goldfields, he took to station life and had the management of the Matakanui estate for three years, prior to being appointed manager of the Patearoa and Gladbrook stations in 1876. Mr. Elliott was for some years a member of the Taieri County Council, and was married, in 1896, to a daughter of the late Mr. Mathias, of North Canterbury, and has two sons.
, J.P., Settler, Middlemarch. Mr. Mason in a native of Portsmouth, England, and came out to Lyttelton by the ship “Northampton” in 1874. He engaged in a farming life, and in contracting, and has an intimate acquaintance with almost every portion of the South Island. He now resides at his property, Riverlea Farm, on the Strath-Taieri, adjoining the Cottesbrook estate, and fronting on the Taieri river. Mr. Mason has devoted much time and energy to the welfare of his district, and for several years has ably filled the position of chairman of the Middlemarch school committee. He was president of the local Farmers' Club during most of the time of its existence, and the establishment of a creamery at Middlemarch was mainly due to his efforts. Mr. Mason is a well-read man, an able writer, and a versatile and fluent speaker. He married the eldest daughter of Mr. Thomas Allan, of Allandale nursery gardens, Dunedin, and has five children. Mr. Mason is now (1904), for the second time, a delegate to the Otago Trades and Labour Council, on which he represents the Otago Agricultural and General Labourers' Union of Workers—a unique position for a farmer.
, “Riversdale,” near Middlemarch. Mr. Popham was born at Barnstaple, Devonshire, England, in 1833,
(William Kirkland, proprietor), Middlemarch. When the Strath-Taieri was first thrown open for settlement the late Mr. John Kirkland acquired two one-hundred-acre blocks, the nucleus of the present estate. Six months later he visited his property for the first time, and finding that the adjoining blocks had not been taken up, he applied for them and secured them. Other small properties have been added by his son, Mr. William Kirkland, who is now proprietor of the estate, in addition to his large farm on the Taieri Plain. “Poplar Grove,” which now comprises 1714 acres, may be termed the “pick” of the Strath-Taieri. The whole property is of first-class arable land, and has been improved, fenced, and sub-divided into nineteen paddocks, with a running stream of water in each. Wheat grown on the estate averages forty-five bushels per acre, and oats fifty-five bushels, while turnips, potatoes, and other root crops are raised with exceptional success. There is a fine herd of cattle at “Poplar Grove,” and the milk of about fifty cows is sent to the Middlemarch creamery. About 1000 crossbred sheep are also grazed, and the farm outbuildings, which are scrupulously clean, reflect much credit upon the management.
, who has been Manager of Poplar Grove estate since 1891, was born in the south of Ireland in 1858. He was brought up to farming, came to Port Chalmers in 1876, by the ship “Thomasina McLennan,” and went at once to Mr. Cullen's farm on the Taieri, where he remained for four years. Mr. Moynihan was subsequently engaged on Mr. Kirkland's Taieri farm, before being appointed to his present position in 1891. In 1901 he took up “Spring Terrace” farm, at Middlemarch, a fine property of about 400 acres, fronting the Taieri river, the working of which is being supervised by a manager. Mr. Moynihan has been chairman of the show committee of the local Agricultural and Pastoral Association during the three years of its existence, and is also a member of the Otago Agricultural and Pastoral Association. He has served on the Sutton school committee ever since it came into existence. Mr. Moynihan has a family of three sons. His wife died in 1896.
(senior), Farmer, “Avoca Terrace,” near Middlemarch. Mr. Tisdall was born in the Vale of Avoca, County Wicklow, Ireland, in 1847, and was trained as a gardener on the Earl of Wicklow's estate. He arrived at Port Chalmers
lies at the northern end of the Strath Taieri plain, where the boundary ranges converge. The modern Hyde, which came into existence with the opening up of the Otago Central railway, is sixty-four miles north-west from Dunedin, and has a railway station—with a post and telegraph office—a hotel, store, and public hall. A refreshment room has been established, and both up and down trains stop twenty minutes for passengers to have luncheon. The old Hyde township is a mile further on, where there is a flag station, at which all trains stop. This township, which is named after the late Mr. John Hyde Harris, at one time Superintendent of Otago, was the scene of much mining activity in the early days. It has an old-established hotel, a public school, two stores, and a blacksmith's shop. A handsome Catholic church has also been erected, and services of other denominations are held in the schoolhouse. Hyde township is 1103 feet above the sea, and so possesses an invigorating and bracing climate; hares and rabbits abound on the surrounding hills. The district is devoted chiefly to pastoral purposes, but some small areas have been brought under cultivation.
(Patrick Kinney, J.P., proprietor), Hyde. This property comprises about 7,000 acres, a portion of which, on the undulating ridges and valleys, consists of good arable land, where root crops give abundant returns. The greater part of the estate, however, is used as a grazing run, extending to the summit of the Rock and Pillar Range; and a large flock of crossbred sheep is depastured. The homestead, where Mr. Kinney resides, stands on the lower portion of the property, near the main road.
, J.P., the Proprietor, is further referred to as a member of the Maniototo County Council.
, Old Colonist, was formerly Assistant Clerk of Court and Bailiff at Naseby. He was born in West Street, Drogheda, Ireland, on the 15th of October, 1829; went to sea at the age of twelve years, served for twelve years, and rose to the position of chief officer on the ship “Rover's Bride.” In 1853, he left the sea at Sydney and had some years of experience in goldmining in California, New South Wales and Victoria, whence he came to Otago in November, 1861. On his arrival in New Zealand, he went to Waitahuna, where he was engaged in cutting the first water-race on the Otago goldfields. In February, 1863, Mr. Connolly was appointed inspector of licenses and bailiff for the Mount Benger (now the Teviot) goldfields. Two years later he became bailiff of the court at Tuapeka, whence he was transferred to Hamilton. In 1866, he was transferred to Naseby, and at the time of his retirement on the 3rd of May, 1899, he was one of the oldest officers in the service, of which he had been a member for thirty-six years three months and fifteen days. Mr. Connolly was married on the 3rd of January, 1860, to a daughter of Mr. J. Bedmond, now of Hyde, and has three sons and two daughters, besides three grandchildren. He now resides at Hyde, where he owns a good deal of property.
is a pastoral district seventy-four miles north-west from Dunedin, on the Otago Central railway. The Taieri river winds through the district; hence the name “Ko-ko-nga”—the Maori for “Bending River.” Some small patches of arable land have been brought under cultivation, with good results, and there are two small runs, the property of Mr. Glendining and Mr. Logan respectively. Kokonga has a school, post office, store and hotel. Good shooting is obtainable at the Taieri Lake, about half way between Kokonga and Waipiata.
was born at Barrhead, Renfrewshire, Scotland, in 1856. He was educated at Rothesay and was brought up to the soft goods trade in the wholesale warehouse of Mr. J. R. Harrington, Hanover Street, Glasgow, in whose employment he continued for fourteen years. Mr. Gillies arrived in the Colony, via Melbourne, in 1889, and became manager for Mr. Robert Neill, of Middlemarch. Subsequently he entered the employment of Mr. Alfred Arthur, and at the opening of that gentleman's branch business in Kokonga, in 1895, he was appointed to the managership. Mr. Gillies was married, in 1892, to a daughter of Mr. William Brown, and has four daughters.
is situated seventy-eight miles north-east from Dunedin, and four miles from Kokonga, on the Otago Central railway line. It is a farming settlement, cut up into small holdings, and is noted for the excellence of its rye grass crops. Near the settlement the Kyeburn river flows into the Taieri. The settlement has a post office and a public school; and Presbyterian and Anglican services are periodically held in the school house.
is conducted in a wooden building, containing one room, which has accommodation for forty pupils. The glebe belonging to the school consists of ten acres. In addition to the school building there is a six-roomed residence for the headmaster, and the local post office and telephone office is also on the property.
, formerly Headmaster of the Kyeburn Public School, and now at Ratanui, Catlins Lake, in the Clutha County, was born on the 11th of February, 1844, at Alvah, Banffshire, Scotland. He is a son of the late Mr. Bannerman, farmer, of Westeron, Newrayne and Lenchie, Insch, Aberdeenshire. Mr. Bannerman was educated at the parish school, Rayne, at the Aberdeen Young Gentlemen's Institution, and at the Old Aberdeen Grammar school, and he also attended the Bajan Session Classes, Aberdeen University, during the session of 1870–71. In 1871, he became headmaster of the United Presbyterian school, Craigdam, Tarves, and two years later was transferred to Cairnorrie public school, Methlick, where he continued till 1894, when he resigned his position to come to New Zealand. He arrived in Wellington by the s.s. “Gothic” on the 14th of November. Mr. Bannerman holds the British Government certificate to teach, and he attended the College of Agricultural Science in South Kensington, London, in 1880, and took first class honours. At Cairnorrie he conducted evening classes for young men and women from 1876 onwards, and taught the principles of agriculture under the Science and Art Department from 1884 to 1886, and agricultural science under the Aberdeen County Council and Science and Art Department, South Kensington, in 1893–4. On arriving in Otago, Mr. Bannerman became assistant teacher in the Mornington school, Dunedin, in February, 1895; he was transferred to the headmastership at Kyeburn in December, 1897, and to Ratanui in December,
, formerly the property of the late Mr. M. J. S. Mackenzie, consists of 1606 acres of freehold and 90,900 acres of leasehold land. About 20,000 sheep are depastured on the estate.
, Manager of the Kyeburn Station, was born in 1860 in Caithness-shire, Scotland, where he was educated and brought up to pastoral pursuits. In 1883 he came to Queensland, where he worked as a shepherd for a short time and afterwards found employment in a foundry till the following year, when he came to Canterbury. After two years in which he engaged in sheep mustering and station life he became shepherd on a station near Oamaru, and held that position till 1894, when he was appointed to the management of the Kyeburn estate. Mr. Andrews was married in 1882 to a daughter of Mr. William Couper, an old settler in Mosgiel, and has one son and one daughter.
, was established in January, 1898. The dredge has a ten horse power engine and boiler, by Marshall, and is capable of raising about fifty tons of wash-dirt per hour.
, formerly Dredgemaster of the Kyeburn Dredge, was born in Victoria, in 1863, and brought up to farming. Since 1885, he has been engaged in connection with the dredging industry, became a dredgemaster in 1896, and was appointed master of the Kyeburn dredge in July, 1898. Mr. Bennet married a daughter of the late Mr. Robert Patrick, of Roxburgh, and has six daughters and one son.
, better known as the Upper Kyeburn, is about twelve miles from Kokonga, a railway station on the Otago Central line. The country is used for pastoral purposes and mining, and there is also a coal pit. It has a hotel and public school, and Presbyterian and Anglican services are held in the schoolhouse, by ministers from Naseby, From the Kyeburn Diggings a road runs over Dansey's Pass—through the Kakanui Range—to Livingstone, and thence to Oamaru.
, established in 1884, occupies a section of about a quarter of an acre in extent. It is a wooden building with one room and a porch, and has accommodation for sixty pupils. The teacher's residence, adjoining the school, contains five rooms. Miss Mary Trainor is mistress.
, formerly Mistress of the Kyeburn Diggings School, is the third daughter of the Rev. James McCosh-Smith, of Naseby, and was born in that town. Miss Smith was educated at Naseby, and at Girton College, Dunedin. She also studied at home and passed the necessary examinations, gaining a D4 certificate, and was appointed to the Kyeburn Diggings school, on the 3rd of February, 1896.
, Miner, Kyeburn Diggings. This well known settler was born at Sawdon, Yorkshire, England, in 1855, and was brought up to agriculture. Subsequently he became a puddler, was engaged in connection with iron-works, and came to Port Chalmers, by the ship “Coromandel,” in 1880. He has long been known as a prominent miner and water-race owner in the Kyeburn district, and one of the water-races, in which he is concerned, is fourteen miles long. Mr. Brown has had fair success as a miner, and is a director of the Kyeburn Dredging Company. He resides at Kyeburn Diggings, and holds an occupation license of sixty acres, in addition to an acre of residence area. Mr. Brown was married, in 1883, to a daughter of Mr. J. Osborne, of Thetford, Norfolk, England, and has five sons and one daughter. Mrs Brown died on the 17th of April, 1901, aged forty-eight years.
is a small township on the Otago Central railway, eighty-one miles north-west of Dunedin. It has a promising future before it, as it is the most central point on the Maniototo Plains; and the land in the vicinity of the railway station has already been surveyed for a large township. The stock saleyards at Waipiata are the largest in Central Otago. The Taieri river runs near the village, and a small clear stream flowing into the Taieri accounts for the name “Waipiata”—the Maori for “Clear Water.” Waipiata is a splendid health resort, as it is 1176 feet above sea level, and has a bracing and dry climate. Good shooting and fishing are obtainable. There is a post, telegraph and money order office at Waipiata, where mails arrive daily; and a mail cart, with room for passengers, runs to Hamilton South, Patearoa, and Gimmerburn. An Anglican church has been erected in the township, and Presbyterian services are held in the public hall. There are also stores, a public school, and a hotel.
, Blacksmith, Waipiata. This business was established in August, 1898. The proprietor was born in Patearoa, in February, 1875, and learned his trade in Hamiltons. He worked there and elsewhere, gaining valuable experience, until he entered into business on his own account at Waipiata. The premises consist of a smithy, and a hut built of sun-dried bricks, on a residence area. Mr. Scherp is unmarried.
is eighty-six miles north-west from Dunedin, via Waipiata —a railway station on the Otago Central line—from which a mail and passenger conveyance runs. In the early days Hamiltons was the centre of a great “rush,” when many thousands of miners were on the field. Gold sluicing is still carried on with some success, but the country is now chiefly devoted to sheep-farming. Hamiltons has a post and telephone office, a school, and a “Union” church, which is used by the various denominations. Several years ago ten or twelve complete moa skeletons were found in the district.
, sometime of Hamilton South, established a general store there in 1889; it served the mining and farming populations surrounding the settlement, and was the centre of attraction as the local post and telephone office. Mr. Edmonds, who was born in 1825 at Woodminsterne, three miles from Epsom racecourse, was employed first as a labourer and latterly as a gardener at the Oaks Park, up to his leaving for Australia in 1854. On landing in that year in New South Wales, he turned his attention to gold mining, in which he was afterwards chiefly engaged. In 1863 Mr. Edmonds came to Otago. He settled in Hamilton South, where he was appointed postmaster in 1871, and was assisted in the duties of his position by his wife and daughter. His personal energies were mainly given up to goldmining till 1889, when he entered into business. Mr. Edmonds was married in 1853 to a daughter of the late Mr. Henry Brown of Woodministerne. Mrs. Edmonds died in 1892, leaving two daughters and one son. Mr. Edmonds died in 1902
, formerly known as Sowburn, on the Maniototo Plain, is eight miles from Waipiata—a station on the Otago Central railway. The farms in the surrounding district are comparatively small, and are devoted to agriculture and dairying. Gold mining is also carried on to some extent, and there is a hydraulic sluicing claim at work. The township has a post and telegraph office, a school, a hotel, and a public hall—formerly used as a “Union” church. There is also a Presbyterian church, with a resident minister.
. This school was founded in 1882. It is conducted in a wooden building, containing one room and a porch, and occupies a site of ten acres of land. It contains accommodation for sixty-two pupils; and the average attendance is thirty. The teacher's residence of four rooms adjoins the school. Miss Alice Annett is the teacher.
, formerly Mistress of the Patearoa Public School, was born in Dunedin, where she was educated at the High Street school, at which she held a pupil-teachership for over four years. After undergoing a year's training at the Normal College, Miss McLeod was appointed to the Patearoa public school in 1895. She holds a D2 certificate.
. This church was erected in 1898, at a cost of £200, and has seating accommodation for 150 worshippers. The opening services were conducted on Christmas Day, and prior to that date, church meetings had been held weekly in the public school. The Home Missionary in charge holds weekly services at Patearoa, and periodical meetings at Kokonga, Hamiltons and Waipiata.
, who was for some time in charge of the Patearoa Presbyterian Church, was born at Bushey Park, in 1870. He was educated at the Broad Bay public school, and Waiwera public school, and has been engaged in mission work in connection with the Presbyterian Church, in Dunedin and Invercargill.
, the property of Mr. Watson Shennan, of Conical Hills Station, contains 60,000 acres, of which about 2000 acres are freehold. The property carries from 20,000 to 23,000 Merino sheep and about 100 head of cattle, together with the horses required on the station. In some seasons several hundreds of acres are in root and grain crops. The Puketoi station was originally occupied about 1860 by Mr. William Murison, who disposed of his interest to the present proprietor about three years later.
, Manager of the Puketoi Station, was born in 1857, in Wisconsin, United States of America. He arrived in the Colony, by the ship “Bombay,” and was brought up to agricultural pursuits on his father's estate at the Taieri. In 1887 Mr. Charters was appointed manager of the Puketoi station. He has held office as a member of school and library committees at Waikoikoi. Mr. Charters was married, in 1890, to a daughter of Mr. A. Mollison, of Roslyn, and has one son and two daughters.
is a pastoral district, most of which is occupied by the sheep station of that name. It lies on the Maniototo Plain, about ninety-eight miles north-west from Dunedin, via Waipiata, on the Otago Central railway. The nearest telegraph office is at Patearoa, ten miles distant, and there is a hotel at the Styx, near Linnburn.
is in the Patearoa district in the county of Maniototo. It consists of 1400 acres of freehold and about 80,000 acres of leasehold land. The sheep, numbering about 24,000 include a stud merino flock, which is described in the New Zealand Stud Book, and there are 300 cattle of the Polled Angus breed on the station. “Linnburn” was originally occupied by the Mossrs Murison, and the present proprietor, Mr. R. M. Turnbull, entered into possession in 1862.
, formerly Manager of the Linnburn Station, was born in Argyleshire, Scotland, in 1850. He came to Port Chalmers, in 1852, by the ship “Slains Castle,” and has been engaged in agricultural and pastoral pursuits all his life. He was educated at Milton and Glenore, and worked on his father's farm at Lovell's Flat till his twenty-first year, when he found employment as a shepherd on Conical Hills estate. Two years later he engaged in general work on a station, and was head shepherd for eight years. For ten years subsequently Mr. Cameron was manager of Landels estate. He entered the employment of Mr. Turnbull, of “Linnburn,” in 1897, as head shepherd, and was appointed manager of the estate in 1899. Mr. Cameron was married, in 1884, to a daughter of Mr. James Fraser, of Kaitangata, and has four daughters and one son. He is now—1904—manager of the Beaumont Station.
, A scattered pastoral and agricultural settlement on the Maniototo Plains, is eighty-nine miles north-west from Dunedin, and eight miles from Waipiata, on the Otago Central line, with which it has communication by mail cart. The district has a post office and a public school, but no hotel. The land is well watered, and of good grazing quality, and the long level roads are kept in good order. The climate is dry and healthy.
, J.P., Farmer, Diamond Hills, Gimmerburn. This gentleman's property consists of 940 acres held under lease in perpetuity, and carries about 800 sheep. Mr. Scott was born in Renfrewshire, Scotland, in 1852, and was brought up to agricultural pursuits. He came to Port Chalmers in 1879, by the ship “Nelson,” and settled in the Naseby district till 1884, when he removed to Gimmerburn and acquired the Diamond Hill property. Since 1891 he has occupied the position of chairman of the Gimmerburn school committee, of which he was previously a member. He was appointed a Justice of the Peace in 1893. Mr. Scott was married, in 1879, to a daughter of the late Mr. G. Gall, of Drymen, Stirlingshire, and has two sons and five daughters.
, A small township in the Eweburn district, came into existence with the advent of the Otago Central railway. For some time it was the terminus of that line, and the railway station is eighty-five miles north-west from Dunedin. Ranfurly, which is named after a former Governor of the colony, is the centre of a large pastoral and agricultural district, on the Maniototo Plains, and is connected by a coach service with Naseby, the county town. The Government have established a state nursery at Ranfurly for raising trees for plantations. A large Roman Catholic church is the only ecclesiastical building, but Presbyterian services are held in the Eweburn school. Ranfurly has a hotel, a public hall, and stores.
was opened on the 1st of December, 1898, when it became (for the time being) the terminus of the Otago Central line. It consists of a wooden building which includes stationmaster's room, and ticket office, public lobby and ladies' waiting room. There are also sheds for goods, coal and engine, as well as a water tank. The railway platform and turn-table are shingled and made convenient or the travelling public. Mr. J. G. Morgan s stationmaster.
, General Storekeeper and Timber Merchant, Ranfurly. Bankers, Bank of New South Wales, Naseby and Dunedin. Head office, Newton, Hyde. Mr. Beatty was born in County Down, Ireland, in 1852, and came to Auckland, per ship “Queen of Nations,” in 1874. After working two years at his trade as a millwright, Mr. Beatty went to Leeston, where he was employed in a timber-yard for twelve months. For a short time he was on the West Coast, but he again returned to Leeston, and went into business as a builder and contractor. Mr. Beatty settled at Waitahuna, in 1879, and worked at his trade
, General Storekeeper, Ranfurly. Head office, Naseby. This branch was established in September, 1898, and the premises consist of a wooden building, which is erected on freehold land.
, formerly Manager of Mr. Brown's Ranfurly branch, was born in 1870, at Balelutha, where he was educated and brought up to the fellmongery business. Subsequently he was employed at Messrs Gregg and Co.'s chicory works in Dunedin, and afterwards gained some experience at flaxmilling. For six years and a half Mr. Coghill was employed by Messrs M. Ryrie and Co., of Balclutha, and, again, for a short time, by Mr. R. Sheppard, of Matakanui. In July, 1898, he entered the service of Mr. Brown, and was appointed to open the Ranfurly branch three months later.
, J.P., Farmer, “Station View Farm,” Ranfurly. Mr. Bleach's property consists of 800 acres, 320 of which are freehold, and the balance is held under a lease in perpetuity. Mr. Bleach was born at Scarriff, County Clare, Ireland, on the 2nd of February, 1862, accompanied his parents, as a lad, to Otago, and settled in the Naseby district, in 1865. In 1880, he took up land under the deferred payment system, in the Ranfurly district, and in 1890 he was appointed a Justice of the Peace. Mr. Bleach was married, in 1889, to a daughter of Mr. H. McErlane, of Derry, Ireland, and has five sons and two daughters.
is an extensive district on the Maniototo Plains, the centre of which is about three miles from Ranfurly, on the Otago Central railway. The district, which is devoted solely to pastoral and agricultural purposes, was a large sheep run in the early days of the settlement. Formerly there was a hotel at Eweburn, but the license has since been transferred. The township has a public school and a post office.
was born in 1839, in the North of Ireland, where he was brought up to agricultural pursuits. He came out to Port Chalmers, in 1863, per ship “Victory,” and joined in the West Coast “rush,” but settled in the Naseby district in 1865. Till 1875, Mr. Millar had a hotel in Naseby, on the site of the present County Council Chambers. Subsequently he bought land in the Eweburn district, where he kept the Eweburn hotel, and resided up to the time of his death on the 13th of April, 1900. Mr. Millar was married on the 23rd of April, 1859, to a daughter of Mr. D. McCloy, of County Antrim, Ireland, and left a family of five sons and three daughters. The family still have the Eweburn property, which consists of 444 acres of freehold land, and about 500 acres underlease in perpetuity. The local post and telegraph office is conducted on the premises.
, the county town of Maniototo, come into existence with the inception of the gold-mining industry in Otago, in the early sixties. At the present time it is still essentially a mining town, the industry having been carried on with considerable success for forty years. Dredging, which has been attempted in the vicinity of Naseby, has been practically abandoned in favour of ground sluicing and hydraulic elevating. The miners originally brought in water for sluicing purposes from the northern creeks, and between 1873 and 1877 the Government constructed the Mount Ida water race, and the sludge channel which runs from Naseby, through Waipiata, to the Taieri river. These works involved an expenditure of £64,000, and in 1900 a large reservoir on the Eweburn—capable of holding 600,000,000 gallons —was constructed at a cost of about £15,000. This reservoir has an embankment seventy feet in height. Mr. R. H. Brown, the county engineer, was the officer in charge of these important works. A network of distributing water-races and iron pipes conveys the water to the various claims. From the borders of the town, for several miles round, the whole country has been more or less worked by sluicing. In the ridges surrounding the town, huge crevices have been torn and faces washed away in order to extract the hidden gold. To the visitor the first sight of Naseby is, on this account, somewhat uninviting—the spectacle presenting the appearance of a country broken and rent by earthquakes; but the processes of goldmining, and of other attractions, are none the less interesting.
Naseby lies on the northern part of the Maniototo Plains, near the foot of the Mount Ida Range, ninety-four miles north-west from Dunedin, via Ranfurly —on the Otago Central railway. From Naseby to Ranfurly—a distance of nine miles—there is a daily mail and passenger coach service that connects with the up and down trains. Standing 2,000 feel above sea level, Naseby possesses a dry and exhilarating climate, and though the winter season is very cold the air is bracing and invigorating. It may be termed the sanitorium, par excellence, of New Zealand. From the hills surrounding the town a magnificent panorama is unfolded: the Mount Ida Range on the one hand—covered with snow during the winter months—and on the other hand, the broad expanse of the Maniototo Plains, bounded by the distant Rough Ridge, Rock and Pillar, and Kakanui Ranges. The country outside the mining area is devoted chiefly to pasturage, though fairly large crops are produced from the arable lands, and flour-milling is a local industry. When the goldfields are eventually worked out the large Eweburn reservoir, already referred to, will be utilised as the nucleus of a great irrigation scheme for the Maniototo Plains.
Naseby, which was formerly known as the Hogburn, is a compact town, lying in the sheltered hollow of surrounding hills. The streets are well formed, and good for cycling during the summer months. Among the Government buildings there is a modern, substantial post, telegraph, and money-order office; a magistrate's court and county gaol, offices of the survey and stock department, and a public hospital. The large chambers of the Maniototo County Council occupy a fine central site. The religious bodies—Presbyterian, Anglican, Catholic, and the universally established Salvation Army—have erected places of worship. There is also a public and district high school. Two banks, a number of stores and five hotels constitute the main business houses of Naseby. “The Mount Ida Chronicle,” the local newspaper, is published once a week.
Naseby was proclaimed a borough in 1873. There is an efficient water supply from a special reservoir of two acres in extent, and the borough has laid a mile
Socially, Naseby is an attractive place. The Freemasons and Oddfellows have their respective halls; an Athenaeum and a Literary and Debating Society provide some intellectual enjoyment; cricket, football, tennis, and curling clubs represent the athletic life of the place. A progressive local jockey club holds an annual meeting, at which it offers £400 in stakes. During the winter months skating is practised as a popular pastime on a large dam, which is used as a swimming place in the summer. The great Scottish game of curling, or what the poet Burns calls the “roaring game,” is in full swing with the three local curling clubs during the winter season.
. The borough of Naseby, which is 113 acres in area, is divided into three wards—East, West, and South. There are 124 dwellings and 116 ratepayers, and a total population of 550 souls. The annual rateable value is £2,412, on which there is a general rate of Is in the £, and a water rate ranging from 2 1/2 to 7 per cent. In July, 1904, the members of the Naseby borough council were: Mayor, Mr E. C. Cutten; Councillors, Messrs J. Mitchell, J. Dawson, A. Marslin, J. R. Kirk, S. W. Geddes, J. Kirby, and J. W Reed; two seats vacant. Mr T. W. Inder is Town Clerk.
,
, who has been a Member of the Naseby Borough Council for twenty -two years (and is the oldest member of that body), was born at Dalkeith, Scotland, in 1851. He was brought up to business in Glasgow, and came out to Otago in 1871, in the ship “William Davie. Mr. Mitchell settled in the Naseby district, and established himself as a builder and contractor, in 1878. He was one of the trustees of the Mount Ida District Hospital for eighteen years, and is interested in the public school and church. He has also been connected with the Maniototo Flour Mill Company since its inception in 1880. Mr. Mitchell was married, in 1885, Walter Inder, who was a well-known and prominent settler of Naseby for many years to Elizabeth, eldest daughter of Mr. George Currie, farmer, Swinburn, and his family consists of two sons and one daughter.
, who succeeded the late Mr. N. P. Hjorring as Town Clerk of Naseby, was born at Blackstone Hill, in 1864. He was educated at Naseby, and brought up to the butchering business, but established himself as a commission agent at Naseby, in 1893. He is the acting executor in the estate of his father, the late Mr. Mr. Inder formerly managed the Mount Buster Mining Company, besides undertaking general commission agency work. He was married in June, 1898, to a daughter of Mr. S. Inder, of Hill's Creek.
, Member of the House of Representatives for Mount Ida, was born in Dunedin on the 17th of July, 1869, He
, for ten years Town Clerk of Naseby, had previously served the ratepayers as Mayor for fourteen years, and was also a Councillor for a good many years. He was born in Copenhagen, Denmark, in 1834, brought up to mercantile life, and came out to Victoria in 1852. Mr. Hjorring followed goldmining in Australia till 1861, when he arrived in Otago. After residing a few months in the Tuapeka district, he visited Denmark, whence he returned in 1863. Shortly afterwards he settled in Naseby, where he established himself in business as a draper, tailor, and bootmaker. Mr. Hjorring was over closely associated with the progress of the town, and closed his long service as councillor and mayor in December 1895. He accepted the appointment of town clerk in April, 1896. Until the Mount Ida water race was taken over by the Government, Mr. Hjorring was a member of the Trust Board. He was married in 1869 to a daughter of the late Mr. James Bourke, of Victoria. Mrs. Hjorring died in October, 1895, leaving four sons, and Mr. Hjorring died at Naseby on the 24th of June, 1904.
was born in Cornwall, in 1840, brought up to business as a carpenter and a cabinetmaker, and became foreman in one of the oldest firms in Blackburn, Lancashire, where he was in the one employment for twenty years. In 1880 Mr. Ball came to Port Chalmers in the ship “Piako,” and followed his trade at Naseby till 1892, when he entered business on his own account. He afterwards admitted his son Arthur into partnership. Mr. Ball joined the Oddfellows in 1861, when he became a member of the Industrious Bee Lodge, Blackburn, and he continued his connection with that body. On leaving the Old Country he was presented with an illuminated address, and after settling in Naseby he affiliated with the local lodge. As a Freemason he was attached to Lodge 97 Mount Ida, New Zealand Constitution, and he had passed all the chairs. Mr. Ball was married to a daughter of Mr. W. Kent, of St. Stephen's, Cornwall, and had three sons and two daughters. He was for some years a member of the Naseby Borough Council, to which he was elected in 1898. Mr. Ball died some time ago.
represented West Ward on the first Borough Council of Naseby, and also served as a member of the Naseby Hospital committee, for about sixteen years. He was born in 1835 in Weymouth, England. In 1853 he arrived in Victoria, where he engaged in goldmining, and was subsequently similarly employed in New South Wales. He came to Otago in 1861, and worked at the Shotover and Arrow in January, 1863; and in 1871, he settled in the Naseby district, where he established himself in business as a general storekeeper. Mr. Brown has been a well known figure in Naseby for many years, and has taken a general interest in the welfare and progress of the town and country. He was one of the founders of the Maniototo Flour Mill. Mr. Brown was married in December, 1871, to a daughter of the late Mr. D. Barron, of Forres, Scotland. Mrs. Brown died in 1893, leaving four sons and four daughters.
, who was a Member of the first Naseby Borough Council, and represented East Ward for several years, was born at Elington, in the State of New York, in 1834, and brought up to the coach-trimming trade. He came to Victoria in 1853, and ten years later removed to Otago, where he engaged in goldmining until November, 1865, when he established himself in business in Naseby as a cordial manufacturer. Mr. Hall also served as one of the hospital trustees. His connection with the local fire brigade extended over a period of eighteen years; during a considerable portion of that time he was captain. On retiring from the captaincy he was presented with a gold albert and helmet. Mr. Hall also served in the Naseby Rifle Volunteers. As a Freemason he was connected with Lodge Mount Ida, in which he passed several offices up to that of Junior Warden. Some years ago, Mr. Hall was presented with a valuable testimonial, in recognition of his services as master of ceremonies to the Naseby quadrille party and other social functions. He died on the 12th of December, 1902.
was constituted in June, 1877, and has an area of 1239 square miles. There are 1306 ratepayers, and these own 1500 rateable properties, which had, in March, 1904, a total rateable value of £532,603. The annual rate is ¾d in the £ and the revenue is about £10,000 per annum. A large water-race and sludge channel has been constructed in the county by the Government,
, J.P., has represented the Hyde riding on the Maniototo County Council since 1889, and has on two occasions been elected chairman. He is also a member of the Central Otago Hospital Board, chairman of the Hyde Domain Board, a member of the Cemetery Trust, and president of the Hyde Turf Club, and has been for three years a member of the Palmerston South Licensing Committee. Mr. Kinney was born in County Antrim, Ireland, in 1850, and came to Port Chalmers by the ship “Edward P. Bouverie,” in 1871. He went to the goldfields at Hyde, was subsequently engaged in sawmilling at Lake Wakatipu and was in Southland for about two years. Mr. Kinney bought a partnership in the “Star of Otago,” but, this venture proving unsuccessful, he started contracting in the Hyde district. There he purchased some land, gradually increased his holding, and is now proprietor of the Rockvale estate, which is referred to elsewhere in this volume. Mr. Kinney married a daughter of Mr. Michael Prendergast, of Hyde, and has, surviving, a family of four sons and three daughters.
, C.E., Engineer for the Maniototo County, was born in Norwich, England, in 1843. He was educated in Kent and served his apprenticeship to Mr. Alexander Gordon, M.I.C.E., London. In 1863 he arrived in Melbourne, and a few months later crossed the Tasman Sea to Otago, and entered the office of the city engineer in Dunedin, where he continued for about three years. Mr Browne was afterwards engaged on railway service, and in 1872 was appointed to the charge of the Mount Ida water-race, the largest work of its kind in the Colony. Whilst in that position he was appointed district engineer under the Roads and Bridges Construction Act by the Provincial Government of Otago, and held the position till the abolition of the Provinces; and at the initiation of the county system he was appointed engineer for the Maniototc County. He was superintendent engineer for the construction of the Eweburn reservoir. Mr. Browne passed his examination and became an authorised surveyor in 1873. He was married, in 1875, to the eldest daughter of the Rev. E. Williams, Anglican clergyman, now of York, West Australia, and has three sons and two daughters.
, Clerk of the Maniototo County Council, was born in 1843, in Lanarkshire, Scotland. He was educated in Glasgow, and came to Port Chalmers in 1863, by the ship “Mataura.” On the discovery of gold on the West Coast Mr. Wilson went thither by the first steamer, but the vessel had to put back to Nelson. Soon afterwards he went to Melbourne, whence he returned to Scotland, but twelve months later came out again to Otago and settled in Dunedin, where he found employment at the office of the “Otago Daily Times.” After an experience on the “Bruce Herald,” at Milton, Mr. Wilson became manager of the Dunedin “Daily Mail,” which he managed till 1868, when he settled in Naseby, and, in company with Mr. Hertslet, became proprietor of the “Mount Ida Chronicle.” Mr. Wilson has held office as county clerk since the inception of the county system. He was married on the
, who represented Mount Ida Riding in the Maniototo County Council, from 1887 to 1896, and held the position of chairman for eighteen months, prior to the latter date, is the proprietor of the Middlebank Farm, Eweburn. He was born in Fifeshire, Scotland, in 1841, and came to Port Chalmers in the ship “Lady Raglan,” in 1861. For the first ten years of his colonial life, he engaged in mining in various parts of Otago, including St. Bathans, Serpentine and Naseby. Mr. Forrester has been a settler in the Eweburn district since 1874. He has long been a member of the Eweburn school committee, of which he is chairman. Mr. Forrester is a director of the Maniototo Sheep Dip and Saleyards Company, and was at one time chairman. Middlebank Farm contains 1500 acres held under a lease in perpetuity, and 212 acres of freehold. As a Freemason, Mr. Forrester is a member of Lodge Mount Ida, in Naseby, and has passed all the chairs. He was married in July, 1861, to a daughter of the late Mr D. Taylor, of Dunfermline, Scotland, and has four sons and four daughters.
, who for six years represented Kyeburn Riding on the Maniototo County Council, was born at Larbert, Stirlingshire, Scotland, on the 12th of July, 1834, and was brought up to the trade of a stone cutter. He came to Adelaide in 1858, and shortly afterwards went to Melbourne, and followed goldmining in Victoria for four years. Mr Forgie landed in New Zealand in 1862 and followed various “rushes” in Otago and on the West Coast, but settled in the Naseby district in 1868. Till 1898 he was closely connected with the Kyeburn diggings, where he resided. For many years he served as a member of the Kyeburn Diggings school, athenaeum and cemetery committees, and was president of various recreative and social clubs. Mr. Forgie was married on the 31st of January, 1872, to Miss Alexander, whose father and mother died when she was a child. They have an adopted daughter. Mr. Forgie has been a Justice of the Peace since 1893.
represented Mount Ida riding in the Maniototo County Council for fourteen or fifteen years from 1879, and served for many years on the Borough Council of Naseby, of which he was mayor for four years. He was born in in 1841 at Carsphairn, Kirkeudbrightshire, Scotland, brought up to agricultural pursuits, and came out to Melbourne, in 1863. After being six months in Victoria, he came to Otago, and settled in Naseby. Mr. Guffie has all along followed mining pursuits, and has been proprietor of sluicing claims for many years. One of
, who was returned to the Maniototo County Council as representative of Mount Ida riding for three successive terms, is a butcher by trade and was born in 1833 at Martock, Somersetshire. In 1853 he landed in Victoria, where he had some goldfields experience and was in business as a butcher in Bendigo. From 1855 to 1861 Mr. Inder was in Tasmania. In the latter year he arrived in Otago, and after a short time at Gabriel's, Hamilton and Naseby he settled in St. Bathans district, where, with his brother, the late Mr. Walter Inder, he established the firm of Inder Bros., butchers who had several branches. After the dissolution of partnership, Mr. S. Inder carried or business as a butcher or hotelkeeper, and established the Prince Alfred Hotel at Hill's Creek in 1864. He has been interested in racing for many years, and was well known in the early days as a judge and starter in connection with local races. Mr. Inder was married, in 1858, to a daughter of the late Mr. A. Robertson, of Edinburgh. Mrs Index died in June, 1895, leaving six daughters and four sons; and there are eight grandchildren.
, who represented Mount Ida riding in the Maniototo County Council for three years, was born in Cornwall in 1845 brought up to the drapery trade, and came to Port Chalmers in November, 1862, by the ship “Chili.” Till 1880 Mr. Lory was chiefly engaged in goldmining, in which he had fair success. In the latter year he acquired a farm at Maruimato, Wedderburn, and has since worked it. He has 915 acres, of which 268 acres are freehold tenure and the balance under lease in perpetuity. Mr. Lory has served as a member of the local school committee, and as an Oddfellow he is attached to the Naseby Lodge, M.U., I.O.O.F., of which he is a Past Grand, and at present a trustee. He was married, in 1869, to a daughter of the late Mr. R. W. Botting, of Adelaide.
, was one of the first Members of the Maniototo County Council, on which he served for about ten years as a representative of Serpentine riding. He held the office of chairman for two years and a half, and retired from the position at the beginning of March, 1899, on deciding to re-visit the Home country. Mr. Turnbull is proprietor of Linnburn estate, which is referred to in another article.
is a large handsome two-storied brick building, in Derwent Street, facing the public reserve. It has a convenient public office, telegraph, money order, and savings bank departments; and is also the local office for the Government life insurance. A portion of the building is used as a residence by the postmaster in charge. Prior to the erection of the present office, in 1900, a small wooden building did duty for many years.
, formerly Postmaster and Telegraphist in charge at Naseby, is the son of Mr. T. B. Keele, who was in the Provincial Secretary's office. Mr. Keele was born in 1860, in Christchurch, where he was educated. He entered the Post Office as a cadet on the 16th of October, 1875, and was soon afterwards transferred to Wellington. After four months' service he was appointed to Port Chalmers, where he continued for nine years as assistant telegraphist. For six years subsequently Mr. Keele was postmaster at Clyde, and was transferred to Naseby on Christmas day, 1889. He was married, in 1883, to a daughter of Captain William Goldie, of Port Chalmers, and has two sons and one daughter. Mr. Keele is now (1904) postmaster at Queenstown.
is under the charge of a constable assisted by a mounted constable. It extends from Serpentine to the face of Pig Root, and from Kokonga to the Rough Ridge, a distance of about fifty miles.
is situated on an acre of land, at the corner of Derwent and Outer Streets. The gaol is a concrete building, with three cells, wash-house, kitchen and office. There is a four-roomed house, also built in concrete, for the officer in charge, and there are also two cottages, stables and other buildings on the premises.
, the Officer in charge of the Naseby Police District and Gaol, was born in Durham, England, in 1858. He was educated in his native county and brought up as a labourer, came out to Port Chalmers in 1878, by the ship “Invercargill”, and joined the police force in February, 1879. He was stationed successively at Wellington, Dunedin, Invercargill, Bluff and Oamaru, and was appointed to his present position at Naseby in 1897. Mr. Lemm was married in 1894 to a daughter of Mr. T. Lowe, of Upper Riccarton, Christchurch, and has two sons.
has been under the control of trustees as a separate institution since 1886. It was founded in 1863 as a voluntary institution. An incident which occurred in the early days is worth recording. An unfortunate miner was brought from Mount Buster, badly frost-bitten. There was no hospital at Naseby, and the condition of the man excited the compassion of Mr. James Brown among others. A sum of £25 was raised by subscription to form a relieving fund so that the case and any other that might occur would have attention. A room in the Ancient Briton Hotel was taken and the sufferer was cared for, and thus the nucleus of the present hospital was formed. This method of relief was conducted for the benefit of sufferers until about 1870, when a number of the residents used their influence and started the present hospital. The hospital is maintained by grants from the Otago Central Hospital Board, a Government subsidy, voluntary contributions and maintenance money. It is situated on the east side of the main gully on a section of four acres of land, which is tastefully laid out in walks and gardens and planted with ornamental trees. The revenue is about £1300 per annum, and the annual outlay is over £1200. The building is of wood, one storey high, and contains two large wards; that for women containing six, and that for men twelve beds. These wards are separated by a long corridor, from the centre of which branch the male and female convalescent wards, the dispensary, kitchen and quarters for the master and matron, servants and nurses. The operating room is attached to the men's ward, and there is a small fever ward at a convenient distance outside the main building. Water is laid on by three inch mains derived from the borough supply. The staff consists of the master and matron, a cook and a nurse; and Dr. W. C. MacKnight is medical superintendent, and Mr. and Mrs J. C. Byrne, master and matron.
, formerly Master of the Naseby Hospital, was born in 1866, at St. Bathans, where he was educated and brought up as a clicker. He was appointed master of the Naseby Hospital in 1893. Mr. King was married on the 5th of March, 1900, to a daughter of Mr. W. Marslin, of Naseby, and has one daughter. He now resides in Dunedin, where he follows his old trade as a clicker.
, formerly Matron of the Naseby Hospital, was born in Dunedin, and brought up in Naseby. She was appointed to the position of Matron in 1893.
was established in the early days of goldmining in the district. The building now occupied is a wooden structure of three rooms, with accommodation for about 200 pupils, and is situated at the corner of Derwent and Outer streets. There are about 205 names on the roll, and the average attendance is 175. The school is now (1904) a district high school as well as a primary school. Mr. James Malcolm was appointed headmaster in 1891.
occupies a prominent position on half an acre of land in Dewent Street, Naseby. There is also half an acre of land on the opposite side of the street, where an adobe (sundried brick) and cement building is used for the Sunday school. St. George's church is erected in concrete, and is capable of seating 200 persons. There is a good organ, and choral services are usually held morning and evening on Sundays. The resident minister holds monthly services at Kyeburn, Kyeburn Diggings, Hamilton, Waipiata, Hill's Creek, St. Bathans, and Cambrian. Mr. F. W. Blair acts as lay reader in the absence of the vicar.
, Vicar of Naseby, was born in Christchurch, in 1861, and is a son of Captain John Christian. He was educated privately at Lyttelton and Dunedin and at the Dunedin High School. After studying law at Dunedin and Lyttelton he went in for the theological course prescribed by the Board of Theological Studies. Mr. Christian was ordained as a deacon in 1892, and as a priest nine months later. His first appointment was to the charge of Riverton and Winton districts, where he remained to the close of 1896. After two years at Milton, he became vicar of Naseby at the end of 1898. Mr. Christian was married in April, 1888, to a daughter of Mr. Edward Clarke, barrister and solicitor, of Rangiora, and has one son and two daughters.
extends from Naseby to Ophir, and includes St. Bathans and Matakanui. At Naseby, there is an iron church capable of accommodating 200 worshippers; the Matakanui building is of brick and will hold 250; that at Ophir is constructed of stone and has a capacity for 200 adults; while the St. Bathans Church will seat 300 persons. The Rev. Father William Alexander McMillan is priest in charge of the district.
. This club was established in 1874. The racecourse is situated on the Naseby-St. Bathans Road, about two miles from Naseby. It is vested in the Naseby Domain Board, but the Jockey Club has the right of occupancy. The Club has already expended a considerable sum of money in fencing, and in the erection of a grandstand, with seating accommodation for 600, together with an office, booth, and luncheon room. The course is one mile in length, and meetings are held annually in February.
(Hugh Wilson, proprietor), Naseby. This journal was founded in February, 1869, by the present proprietor. It is a weekly publication, published on Friday. There are twenty-eight columns, besides a supplement. The paper circulates in Naseby, St. Bathans, Ida Valley, Hyde, Hamilton, Patearoa, Kyeburn, Gimmerburn, Eweburn, Wedderburn, Manuherikia Valley, Ranfurly, Waipiata, Cambrian, Becks, etc.
at Nasseby are held in a wooden building situated in Derwent Street. The premises include the court room, magistrate's room, clerk's office, public offices and witneses' room. Sittings of the District Court are held twice in the year, and the Magistrate's and Warden's Courts once a fortnight.
, Stipendiary Magistrate and Warden at Naseby, was born in Tipperary in 1839, and brought up to farming. He came to Melbourne in 1862 in the ship “Mistress of the Seas,” and arrived in Otago in the same year. After a few weeks on the goldfields, Mr. McEnnis removed to Canterbury, and joined the Mounted Police, went to the West Coast and was promoted to be a first class sergeant in 1865, being stationed at Hokitika, Okarito, Stafford and Ross. He received the appointment of clerk of the Court at Greenstone, and after being stationed in the Grey Valley, No Town, Maori Gully and Dunganville, he was appointed Clerk of the Court at Kumara in 1881. Mr. McEnnis succeeded the late Mr. S. M. Dalgliesh at Naseby in May, 1900.
, sometime Stipendiary Magistrate and Warden at Naseby, and District Land Officer for the Mount Ida Division of the Otago mining district, was a native of Glasgow, where he was born in 1837. He was educated in Liverpool, England, went to Victoria, in 1854, and joined the Victorian Constabulary as a cadet. During his period of service, which extended to 1857, he was present at the Ballarat riots and the taking of the Eureka stockade. Mr. Dalgliesh was in India during the time of the Mutiny, but owing to an attack of cholera, he was invalided and returned to the Colonies in 1859, when he landed in Sydney. In the following year he arrived in Auckland, where he had some experience in the Maori disturbances. In 1861 he joined the Otago constabulary under Mr. St. John Branigan, and served for ten years chiefly in charge of the gold escort and in the Dunstan district, where he resigned his position as Inspector in 1870. In 1875 Mr. Dalgliesh joined the Justice Department as Clerk of the Court and Receiver of Goldfields Revenue at Cromwell. He was afterwards Clerk of Courts and Sheriff at Hokitika. In 1890 he was promoted to the position of Resident Magistrate and Warden. Mr. Dalgliesh was married in 1887 to a daughter of the late Mr. Thomas Richards, of Wakatipu. He died at Naseby, on the 9th of May, 1900, after a short illness.
, formerly Clerk of the Stipendiary Magistrate's and Warden's Courts and Receiver of Goldfields Revenue and Mining Registrar for the Naseby district, was born in Nelson, in 1866. He was educated at Westport and Nelson, and joined the Government service in 1883, as a cadet, in Westport. After one year's service Mr. Terry was transferred to Reefton, where he filled the position of assistant clerk for four years. In 1888 he was appointed clerk of court at Lyell, whence, five years' later, he was transferred to Greymouth as assistant clerk; and he was appointed to Naseby in October, 1896. He is now (1904) stationed at Blenheim. Mr. Terry was married in February, 1892, to a daughter of the late Mr. M. H. Kittson, and has two daughters and one son.
(Ernest Cargill Cutten, B.A., LL.B., and Percy Cecil Hjorring), Barristers and Solicitors, Derwent Street, Naseby, Bankers, Bank of New South Messrs Cutten and Hjorring are solicitors to the Bank of New South Wales at Naseby and St. Bathans, and to the Maniototo County Council, and the Naseby Borough Council. Mr. Cutten was born in 1867 in Dunedin and was sent to England when he was eight years of age. He received his early education at Christ's College, Finchley, London, but on returning to the Colony, in 1879, he had a further course of training at the Dunedin High school for about three years, and graduated at the Otago University, at which he took his degree as B.A. in 1892, and LL.B. in 1896. He was with Messrs Haggitt Bros. and Brent in Dunedin during the years 1887 to 1889, and 1891 to 1895; for the years 1889 and 1891, 1895 and 1896 he acted as judge's secretary at Dunedin. He was a member of the Peninsula Navals from 1885 to 1888.
at Naseby is situated at the corner of Ness and Leven Streets. It is a wooden building on a freehold section, and contains the banking chamber, manager's room and residence. The bank has been represented in Naseby since 1862, and the staff consists of the manager and accountant. Mr. H. A. Boddington is now (1904) manager.
, J.P., formerly Manager of the Bank of New South Wales at Naseby, is a son of the late Mr. David Lundon, ex-collector of Customs at Wanganui and Auck
, formerly Manager of the Naseby branch of the Bank of New South Wales, is a son of the late Mr. W. Lightfoot, city engineer at Nelson, where he was born in 1865. He was educated at Nelson College, and joined the staff of the Bank of New South Wales in June, 1885, after having had three years' experience in the National Bank of New Zealand. Mr. Lightfoot held office as accountant New Plymouth for four years, and in 1894 went to Timaru as accountant, remaining there till March, 1898, when he was transferred to Ophir, whence he was promoted to Naseby. He has generally taken a keen interest in local clubs and societies, wherever he has been stationed. Mr. Lightfoot was married in April, 1895, to a daughter of Mr. Wilfred Rennel, Reserves Trustee of New Plymouth, and has one daughter. In 1904 Mr. Lightfoot was transferred to Carterton in the North Island.
(Arthur Ball, Junior), Carpenters, Cabinetmakers, Blacksmiths and Building Contractors, corner of Outer and Derwent Streets, Naseby. This business was established in 1892 by the late Mr. W. Ball, Mr. Arthur Ball having been admitted to the firm in 1898. The premises consist of a large iron building, with storage accommodation for timber and iron.
, Timber Merchant, Builder and Contractor, Naseby and Ranfurly. Mr. Mitchell's premises are extensive, convenient and central. The buildings are erected on freehold land and comprise shop, office, workshop and stores. As a builder and contractor Mr. Mitchell has erected a large number of buildings in Naseby and throughout the Maniototo district.
(John Ryan, Proprietor), Derwent Street, Naseby. This hostelry was established in 1862, and was one of the first hotels in the district. The present building, which is of modern construction, contains twenty-seven rooms, of which fifteen are bedrooms, and there is a large dining-room which will seat twenty guests. There are also four sitting rooms, besides a billiard-room, and at the back of the hotel there are stables, containing ten stalls and four loose boxes. The Royal Hotel is known as the leading commercial house at Naseby.
, formerly Proprietor of the Royal Hotel, Naseby, was born in 1871, educated in Dunedin, and brought
(Alexander Smith, senior, and Alexander Smith, junior), General Blacksmiths and Pipe Manufacturers, Leven Street, Naseby, Bankers, Bank of New South Wales. Branch at Ranfurly. This business was founded by the senior partner in 1883, the firm being constituted as at present in 1898 by the admission of Mr. Smith, junior, who has the management of the branch at Ranfurly.
was born in 1844, in Aberdeen, Scotland. He learned his trade in Clunie in his native shire, and worked at the anvil till he left for the Colony. He landed in Port Chalmers, from the ship “City of Dunedin,” on her first trip, in 1863. On his arrival Mr. Smith went to Blueskin, where he was employed in road work for a time. He has been in Naseby and district since 1866, and has been engaged in gold digging as well as at his trade. Mr. Smith has been a member of the local licensing bench for many years.
, Bool and Shoemaker, Derwent Street, Naseby. Bankers, Bank of New South Wales. Mr. Horswell was born in Naseby in 1868, and learned his trade with his father, the late Mr. Edmund Horswell. His present business was established in 1895, and he has a shop and two wark-rooms on leasehold premises.
, Saddle and Harness Maker, Leven Street, Naseby. Bankers, Bank of New South Wales. Branch at Ranfurly. Established in 1876. This business is conducted in a wood and iron building facing the main street, and erected on freehold land. In addition to the various branches of his trade, Mr. Hosie holds the important agency of the Massey-Harris Implement Company for Central Otago, and is its travelling representative for the Otago goldfields. His branch at Ranfurly was established in 1899. The business was founded by Mr. Robert Hosie, but is now being carried on by his son.
The business was established in 1877, and the mill, which is situated on the Naseby St. Bathans Road, was erected at a cost of £2100. It is a brick and iron building of two
, Manager of the Maniototo Flour Mill, was born in Ayrshire, Scotland, in 1863. He arrived in Port Chalmers, by the ship “Oamaru,” and learned his business as a miller at the Runciman Mills, Dunedin, but subsequently gained additional experience at other mills in that city, and was appointed manager of the Maniototo mill in 1894. Mr. Dunwoodie was married, in 1891, to a daughter of the late Mr. James London, of the Walton Park Coal Company, and has one son and one daughter. Mrs. Dunwoodie died in July, 1896.
, General Storekeeper, Leven Street, Naseby. Branch, Ranfurly. This business has been conducted by the proprietor since 1871, and the branch business at Ranfurly was established in 1898. Mr. Brown is further referred to as an ex-member of the Naseby Borough Council.
was born at Westminster, London, on the 27th of December, 1817, and served in the Public Record Department, London, for some time prior to 1840, when he came to Wellington in the ship “Mandarin.” Mr. Hertslet went to Wanganui, where he traded with the natives, visited Auckland, and journeyed up the Waipa and Waikato rivers. In above five years he returned to London, but three years later came back to the Colony and settled at Waikouaiti. Mr. Hertslet was afterwards well known as a settler in Oamaru, where he acquired a very considerable property in 1869. He subsequently settled in Naseby, where he conducted business for many years as a mining agent; he held office as a Justice of the Peace for three or four years, and was gazetted out at his own request. Mr. Hertslet was married, in 1853, to a daughter of the late Mr. J. Orbell, of Waikouaiti, and had two sons and four daughters. He died in December, 1901.
, formerly Captain of the Naseby Rifle Volunteers—now disbanded —was born at Campsie, Stirlingshire, Scotland, in 1853. He was educated in his native place, and learned his trade as a saddler there and at Glasgow. In 1876 he arrived at Port Chalmers by the ship “Oamaru,” and settled at Naseby, where he established the business which his son now conducts. He has been connected with various public movements for the benefit of the district, and served for several years as a member of the Hospital Board. From 1889 he was captain of the local fire brigade and was a member for thirteen years previously. As a Freemason he is a Past Master of Lodge Mount Ida, and has passed all the chairs in connection with the Order of Oddfellows. Mr. Hosie was married, in 1876, to a daughter of Mr. A. Brown, of Easdale, Argyleshire, Scotland, and has four sons and four daughters. He now (1904) resides at Roslyn, Dunedin, and is a travelling agent of the Massey-Harris Company.
, which was constructed by the Government in 1876 at a cost of over £70,000, was designed to supply the miners of Naseby with power for hydraulic sluicing. The water is drawn from the head of the Hawkdun range, and extends a distance of seventy miles to Naseby, where it is capable of providing twenty-three sluice heads of water. Mr. Roderick Murray, the officer in charge of the race, collects the revenue and arranges to supply for mining purposes. The water works of the borough of Naseby are fed from the Mount Ida water race.
, ninety-four miles north-west from Dunedin, on the Otago Central railway, stands at a higher elevation than any other railway station in the South Island, being 1,770 feet above sea level. Consequently the district has a very bracing climate. The Wedderburn creek flows through the township, and the settlement is bordered and sheltered on all sides by ranges of hills. Farming is the main industry, but there are also coal pits, and gold-sluicing is carried on. Wedderburn has a public school and a hotel.
was opened on the 1st of June, 1900, as the terminus (for the time being) of the Otago Central line. It stands at a level of nearly 2000 feet above the sea, and is the highest railway station in the Middle Island of New Zealand. The building is of wood, and includes the stationmaster's room, ticket office, public lobby, and ladies' waiting room. There are also goods sheds, coal and engine sheds, a good platform, and other accommodation.
, formerly Officer in Charge of the Wedderburn Railway Station, was born at Arrowtown, Otago, in 1877. He was educated at his native place, and at Invercargill and Dunedin, and entered the service as a cadet in Dunedin in 1892. After serving at Middlemarch, and at Kokonga, where he was in charge, he was appointed officer-in charge of the Ranfurly railway station, on the 1st of December, 1898, and was afterwards transferred to Wedderburn. During his residence at Kokonga Mr. Travis was secretary and treasurer of the local literary and debating society. He takes a general interest in athletics, and has played in football, cricket and tennis matches. Mr. Travis is now (1904) an officer at the Dunedin railway station.
; teacher, Miss M. S. Pretsch.
, Mistress of the Wedderburn Public School, was born in Cromwell, where she received the earlier part of her education. She attended the Dunedin High school for three years, and after a year's training at the Normal College, was appointed to the Kawarau Gorge school, where she continued for three years, and was then transferred to Moa Flat. Miss Pretsch resigned her position there at the end of 1899 in order to enter the Otago University to complete her degree. She was afterwards for two years at Lowburn, before being appointed to Wedderburn.
, Farmer, Mengearn, Maruimato, Wedderburn. This property, which consists of 375 acres of freehold and 300 acres of leasehold in perpetuity was taken up by the proprietor in 1880. Mr. Reed was born in 1846 in Cornwall, where he gained his earliest knowledge of agriculture. He came to Port Chalmers in 1862, by the “Chili,” settled in Naseby in November of the following year, and engaged in mining for over twenty years. His property was acquired in 1880, and five years later Mr. Reed took up his residence on his estate. He has been a member of the Wedderburn school committee, and was at one time its chairman.
, sometime of “Fairview,” Maruimato (White Sow Valley), Wedderburn, was born in County Derry, Ireland. He arrived in Lyttelton, New Zealand, by the ship “Piako,” in 1830, and settled a few years afterwards in Otago, at White Sow Valley. There he held 2000 acres of land; 1000 under a lease in perpetuity, and 1000 as a small grazing run. In 1898 he shore 1200 sheep. Mr. Mawhinney married a daughter of the late Mr. Melrose, formerly of Perthshire, Scotland, and latterly a Government nurseryman in the forestry department at Wedderburn. Since Mr. Mawhinney's death on the 25th of September, 1902, “Fairview” has been let to a tenant, and Mrs Mawhinney now (1904) resides in Dunedin, with her children — three daughters and one son. Mr. Mawhinney was forty-two years of age at the time of his death.
is a small township on the Otago Central railway, 101 miles north-west from Dunedin, lying at the foot of the range of hills of the same name. The district is a long, narrow plain, a continuation of the Ida Valley, and consists of good arable land, from which large crops are successfully raised. It supplies good shooting and fishing for sportsmen. The township has a post and telegraph office, a store, and a hotel near the railway station; the public school is one mile distant, and there are coal pits and a flour mill in the settlement. A dam has been formed, and the local curling club fosters the great Scottish national game. There is a daily coach service from Rough Ridge to St. Bathans.
, which was established in 1895, is a one storey wooden building with seating accommodation for eighty scholars, and rooms for two teachers. A good portion of the inner walls of the building is covered with linoleum to prevent draughts. There are twelve acres attached to the school premises, which include a comfortable five-roomed cottage for the master. There are over seventy names on the roll, and there is an average attendance of between fifty and sixty. Mr. John Moodie is headmaster.
(John White, proprietor), comprises a mining lease of three acres, besides fifty acres of freehold land. This mine was opened in 1870 and has been continuously worked since that time. Mr. White, who has owned the property since 1897, was for six years previously manager of the pit. The seam of lignite which is being worked is 18 feet in thickness, and about 1200 tons of coal are yearly brought to grass. Drays load at the pit, to the bottom of which there is access by road.
, the Proprietor, was born at Bermondsey, near London, on the 24th of June, 1853. He is by trade a potter, and arrived at Port Chalmers by the ship “Cardrona” in 1877. For some years before taking over the management of the Idaburn coalpit, Mr. White was employed on railway work
, which is also known as Hill's Creek, is a small settlement lying at the extreme north end of the Blackstone Hill Range, in the Maniototo county. Being about 2,000 feet above sea level, it is one of the highest settled districts in New Zealand. The village is four miles distant from Rough Ridge—on the Otago Central railway—and is on the main road to St. Bathans, which has a daily coach service that connects with the trains at Rough Ridge. In the early days Blackstone Hill was the scene of a gold “rush,” and thirteen hotels divided a large business between them. Now there is no licensed house, but the township has a post and telegraph office and a general store. The district is devoted to farming and coal mining. Church services are held in the public school. The popular winter pastime at Black-stone Hill is curling on the frozen dams.
(Samuel Inder proprietor), Blackstone Hill. The “Prince Alfred” was established in 1864 by the present proprietor, who has conducted the business for fully a quarter of a century. It was the first licensed house in Hill's Creek. The building contains twelve rooms, including eight bed and two sitting rooms, and a dining-room seated for twelve guests. There is a stable with seven stalls and three loose boxes, and there are twenty-six acres of freehold in addition to leasehold, attached to the hotel. Good paddocks are therefore available for stock. [The license of this hotel was transferred in June, 1904]
, Proprietor, is referred to on another page as an ex-member of the Maniototo County Council.
, General Storekeeper, Blackstone Hill. This business was founded in 1864, and has been conducted by the present proprietor since 1896. The premises consist of a shop and residence built of wood and iron, erected on a freehold section of an acre and a quarter in area. Mr. Holding, who was born in Liverpool, England, in 1838, was brought up to the sea and was assistant
Stations are the property of Messrs Ross and Glendining, manufacturers, of Dunedin. The homestead is situated on the first named property, which consists of 15,000 acres of leasehold and 2740 acres of freehold, and winters 7000 sheep. Besides the residence of the manager and his assistant, there are extensive outbuildings including the shearers' quarters, measuring 50 feet by 20 feet with 12 feet studs, and divided into two rooms with accommodation for thirty-six men. This building is considered equal to any other of the kind in the Colony. Home Hill Station has an area of 78,680 acres of leasehold, and about 16,000 sheep are wintered on the estate. Highfield Station, on which 6500 sheep are depastured, has an area of about 13,500 acres, of which about 1500 acres are freehold. The Lauder Run winters 14,000 sheep, and there are 38,440 acres of leasehold and 539 of freehold. A considerable portion of the Highfield and Lauder runs has been resumed by the Government for close settlement. On the four stations, which are under one management, there are from 500 to 600 head of cattle.
, Overseer at Blackstone Hill Station, was born at the Bridge of Allan, Stirlingshire, Scotland, in 1865. He was educated at Helensborough and Glasgow, and was brought up to mercantile life, but afterwards devoted two years to the learning of farming in the Isle of Bute. In 1884 he came to Otago, by the ship “Pleiades,” and after nine months in Canterbury he went to the Lauder station as shepherd, but was afterwards promoted to his present position. Mr. Armour was married, in 1892, to a daughter of Mr. James Elliott, manager of Blackstone Hill station, and has two sons and one daughter.
, which is in the county of Maniototo, lies at the foot of the Maniototo and Dunstan ranges, connected by Mount St. Bathans, which rises to a height of 6,600 feet. It was formerly known as Dunstan Creek, but was re-named by the Otago Lands Department after St. Bathans, in the Island of Iona, in Scotland, famous in the days of the early Christians. In the spring of 1863 the Provincial Government sent a number of prospectors to St. Bathans, under the charge of Mr. Payman, and from that time the district has been noted as a successful goldfield. Formerly there was a great number of miners on the field, but the claims are now worked on a much larger scale by hydraulic sluicing and elevating. The surrounding country, a series of ranges, is held chiefly in large sheep runs.
St. Bathans lies 114 miles north-west from Dunedin, and is thirteen miles distant from the nearest station on the Otago Central railway, Rough Ridge. A daily coach service from St. Bathans connects with the trains to and from Dunedin. The town, which is 1,850 feet above sea level, possesses a dry and invigorating climate; good fishing is obtainable, and during the winter season the Scottish game of curling is a favourite pastime. The Roman Catholics have a place of worship at St. Bathans, and in another building, given by Mr Dalgety, proprietor of the Hawkdun run, Anglican and Presbyterian services are held in turn. A local cottage hospital is subsidised by the Otago Central Hospital Board. St. Bathans has also a public school, post and telegraph office, a branch bank, public hall, and a Masonic Hall. Several social and athletic clubs are established at St. Bathans, and there are also good stores and hotels.
was established in October, 1894, and controls the public domain—thirty acres in extent—which has been fenced and well planted. The property is about half a mile from the township, and is available for local sports, the principal event of the year being the athletic club's demonstration on St. Patrick's Day. An artificial lake has been formed on the ground to provide for the curling and skating club's practices and tournaments in winter.
has three subsidiary offices—Becks, Blackstone Hill and Cambrians—which are connected by telephone with St. Bathans. Miss R. G. Glanville is in charge.
is pleasantly situated at the higher end of the township. It is constructed of sun-dried bricks, and contains seven rooms, including a ward for three patients, the surgery, and the doctor's residence. The building was erected mainly by local contributions, and is maintained by voluntary subscriptions, subsidised by the Central Otago Hospital Board.
is a substantial stone building of two rooms, with accommodation for about 100 children. There are sixty-five names on the roll, and the average attendance is fifty-three. A small play-ground surrounds the building, and there are covered sheds to provide needful shelter in wet weather. A five roomed schoolhouse, also of stone, fronts the main street. Mr R. H. Cowan has been master of St. Bathans Public School for fourteen years.
. The curlers of Otago—the only part of New Zealand in which the sport can be carried on—founded their society in 1873. There is a total membership of 250. The society is a branch of the Royal Caledonian Curling Club of Scotland, and holds annual meetings to make arrangements for each season's events.
was first represented in St. Bathans in October, 1864. It is now conducted in a wooden building, which occupies a central position in the main street, and the staff consists of the manager and an accountant. Mr. W. Brown is now (1904) the manager.
, formerly Manager of the Bank of New South Wales at St. Bathans, was born in Auckland, in 1860, and was educated at various schools. When he was sixteen years of age he entered the service of the Bank of New South Wales
, Builder and Contractor, Main Street, St. Bathans. Bankers, Bank of New South Wales. Mr. Wilkinson has conducted this business since 1884. The premises occupy a central position, on freehold land, and consist of an eight-roomed residence, workshop and other buildings, constructed of wood, stone, and iron. A large number of the residences and places of business in St. Bathans and throughout the district have been erected by Mr. Wilkinson; for instance, the Bank of New South Wales at Naseby and Ophir, and the Presbyterian Church and Police Camp at Ophir. Mr. Wilkinson was born at Houghton-le-Spring, Durham, England, in 1854, and learned his trade at Newcastle-on-Tyne. He was engaged chiefly in shipbuilding till he came to the Colony, by the ship “Auckland,” in 1884. After a short time in Dunedin, he came to St. Bathans, where he has since been settled. Mr. Wilkinson has served for many years as a member of the school committee and has acted on the committee of the local cottage hospital and domain board. He was married, in 1884, to a daughter of Mrs. Hanger, of St. Bathans, and sister of Mr. W. Hanger, and has five daughters.
(Patrick Sexton, Proprietor), St. Bathans. This well known hostelry, which was established in 1869, is built of sun-dried bricks and contains twenty rooms, of which thirteen are bedrooms and two sitting-rooms. The capacious dining-room is ordinarily seated for twenty guests, but on special occasions as many as sixty have been accommodated. The stabling includes seven loose boxes and five stalls.
, General Merchant, Main Street, St. Bathans; branch at Lauder. Bankers, Bank of New South Wales. This prominent business was established in 1865 by Mr. D. McConnochie, and about three years late, the present proprietor became the purchaser. Mr. M. Connochie was born in Ayrshire, Scotland, on the 10th of August, 1846, and educated at the national schools at Dalmellington. He came to Port Chalmers, by the ship “Peter Denny,” in 1865, and joined his brother at Clyde. A few months later he removed to St. Bathans and took the management of the business. The premises are erected on freehold land and consist of a large brick double-fronted shop, at the back of which is the drapery department and the owner's private office. On the opposite side of the street there is a capacious brick store. Mr. McConnochie, who has been a Justice of the Peace since 1884, has always been identified with movements for the development of the district, as well as with social and recreative clubs, of which he has been a liberal supporter. He was for a long time largely interested in mining, and was associated with Mr. John Ewing, under the style of Ewing and McConnochie. The firm expended £12,000 in the development of the Matakanui mine and were rewarded with a substantial return of £900 in the year 1898. For business reasons Mr. McConnochie has to a large extent retired from mining. He was married in 1882 to a daughter of Mr. H. Ferguson, of Kensington, London, and has two sons and four daughters.
, General Merchant, Main Street, St. Bathans. Bankers, Bank of New South Wales. This business was established in March, 1864, by the proprietor's father and is conducted in a double-fronted building, composed of wood and iron and sun-dried bricks. Mr. Pyle keeps a well assorted general stock, and his connection extends for a number of miles round the township. He was born in 1851 in Geelong, and was educated there and in Dunedin; came to Otago in 1863, and has carried on his present business for thirty years on the freehold site still occupied by him. For over thirty years Mr Pyle has been a prominent figure in St. Bathans, where he holds numerous offices in connection with local institutions. He is chairman, treasurer and secretary of the Domain Board, a member of the cemetery committee and of the athletic club, legal manager of the United M. and E. Water-Race Company, registered; and Registrar of Births,
, St. Bathans district, is owned by Mr. John Beattie, of Cam-brian, and consists of 2466 acres of freehold, besides 200 acres held under grazing right. About 1500 sheep are shorn annually, and sixty head of Polled Angus crossbred cattle are depastured on the estate.
was born on the 18th of December, 1873, at Hawkdun station, near St. Bathans. He was brought up to farming and the care of stock, gained experience on Blackstone Hill and Maniototo stations, and spent most of his time on the Downs estate, of which he became manager in October, 1893. He is now (1904) manager at Rough Ridge for Mr. R. S. Black, rabbit exporter. Mr. Haig was married on the 8th of March, 1898, to a daughter of Mr. Thomas Hughes, of Cambrian.
, formerly Mine Manager of Shepherd's Flat Mine, was born in 1865, in County Meath, Ireland. He came to Lyttelton in 1885, by the ship “Norfolk,” and shortly afterwards settled in Central Otago, where he engaged in goldmining. Mr. McCarthy was appointed manager of Shepherd's Flat Mine in October, 1898, but is now otherwise engaged as a miner in the neighbourhood of Cambrian.
was born in 1837 in Milton, Cambridgeshire, England. He came out to Victoria in 1857 and was long closely associated with goldmining. In 1861, he crossed the Tasman Sea, and made his home in Otago. For many years he was at Cambrian, where he was successful as a prospector, and also in the Vmegar Hill district. Except during a trip to England. in 1872–3, Mr, Thurlow was actively employed in goldmining till he took an interest in the management of the Vulcan Hotel (now kept by Mr. P. Sexton) in 1889. He served as a member of the school committee and held a seat on the local Domain Board and the Board of Management of the St. Bathans Cottage Hospital. Mr. Thurlow died on the 31st of January, 1902.
was born in the same place as his brother, landed in Otage in 1861, and was long engaged in mining and hotelkeeping. He was married in 1860 to a daughter of Mr. J. Froment, of Milton, Cambridgeshire, and has eight sons and three daughters, besides thirty-one grandchildren and two great-grandchildren.
, Registered Office, St. Bathans, Mr. John Ewing is Chairman of Directors, and Mr. Neil Nicholson, Legal Manager, This Company brings in water for twenty-five miles from the Manuher
, who is Chairman of the Scandinavian Water Race Company, works alluvial gold deposits by hydraulic sluicing and elevating, more extensively than anyone else in the Colony. Mr. Ewing has works in seven different localities, and at St. Bathans, where he resides, his workings, from which the material is elevated vertically 170 feet, are the sight of the district. The other workings are at Vinegar Hill and Cambrian, both situated within a radius of five miles from St. Bathans—and at Matakanui, Bald Hill Flat and Roxburgh. Mr. Ewing has been closely identified with the progress of this class of goldmining, not only in Central Otago but throughout the Colony, and has taken the lead in most of the improvements, which have been effected. He employs from sixty to one hundred men, as the water supply
, Legal Manager for the Scandinavian Water-Race Company, Ltd., was born in 1873, at Matakanui, and was brought up to mining. For four years he studied at the School of Mines in Dunedin, where he took several certificates. He was appointed to his present position in 1896, Mr. Nicholson was married, in 1897, to a daughter of Mr. P. Fahey, manager of the Muddy Creek Channel Company, St. Bathans.
, which is sometimes called Welshman's Gully, is a coal-mining settlement in the county of Maniototo. It lies at the foot of the Dunstan range, and is four miles distant from St. Bathans, and 118 miles from Dunedin. A tri-weekly coach service connects it with Rough Ridge, on the Otago Central railway. A considerable amount of gold has been obtained from the district, which still possesses an apparently inexhaustible supply of coal. Cambrian has a post and telegraph office, public school, a hotel, and an Oddfellows' Lodge; and curling is a popular pastime during the winter months.
dates back to 1875. The building is of wood and contains one room and a lobby, and has accommodation for sixty-six pupils. There are fifty-eight names on the roll and the average attendance is about forty-two. There is a four-roomed residence for the teacher, and the land attached to the school is about nine acres in extent. The teaching staff consists of the master and a sewing mistress.
, Master of the Cambrian Public School, was born in Glasgow in 1865, and received a portion of his education in the Hutcheson school. He arrived at Port Chalmers with his parents by the ship “Auckland,” in 1877, and after undergoing a course of training as a teacher at the Normal school, Dunedin, he served on the relieving staff for two years before being sent to Kokonga in 1898. Mr. Allan war the first student to obtain the senior diploma of the Otago Technical school. He also took first prize for science at his certificate examination. Mr. Allan, who was promoted from Kokonga to Cambrian, was married, in 1898, to a daughter of Mr. Andrew Fairburn, of Maori Hill, Dunedin.
(John Beattie, proprietor), Cambrian. This house was established in 1869, and has been owned and conducted by Mr. Beattie for about twenty-seven years. The building is of sun-dried bricks, and contains about sixteen rooms, including twelve bedrooms, two sitting-rooms, and a dining-room, which will seat fourteen guests. There is a stable with seven stalls and three loose boxes.
, the Proprietor, was born in Scotland in 1843, was brought up to agricultural pursuits, and arrived at Port. Chalmers, by the ship “Pladda” in 1861. He was at the first Dunstan “rush” in 1862, and actively engaged in goldmining till 1879, when he settled in Cambrian. In addition to owning the Welsh Harp Hotel, Mr. Beattie is proprietor of the Diggers' Butchery, Cambrian and St. Bathans, and has—in addition to The Downs Farm, St. Bathans—a farm of about 2000 acres, 640 of which are freehold, and the balance held under perpetual lease. He was married, in 1871, to a daughter of the late Mr. Mellor, of Liverpool, and has one son and one daughter.
was born in 1848 in Monmouthshire, England, where he was brought up as a coal miner, and he subsequently worked at that calling in Staffordshire. He came to Lyttelton in 1873, by the ship “Edwin Fox,” and worked for two and a half years at the Shag Point coal mine. From 1876 Mr. Morgan had been actively engaged in the Cambrian district as a gold-miner. He had filled the offices of president and vice-president of the Miners' Association, and served as chairman of the Cambrian school committee. Mr. Morgan was married in 1869 to a daughter of Mr. J. Bickley, of North Staffordshire, and had five sons and seven daughters. He died in the latter part of 1903.
. Miner, Cambrian. Mr. Hughes, who was born at St. Bathans in 1866, was brought up as a gold-miner, and followed that calling till he bought the Welshman's Gully coalmine in 1896. He afterwards sold the coalmine to Mr. James McGuckin, and now (1904) follows goldmining in the district. As a Freemason he is attached to Lodge Ida, 97, N.Z.C., and in the Oddfellows' Order he is a Past Grand of the United Brothers Lodge. In connection with the coal mine. Mr Hughes discovered a deposit of oil-bearing shale, which gives a mineral oil in payable quantities.
, formerly Mine Manager at the Cambrian Mine, was born in 1869, in Victoria, and was brought up to mining. He settled in Otago in 1889, was appointed manager of Tinkers' Mine, Matakanui, in 1891, and seven years later was transferred to the Cambrian Mine. Mr. O'Hara, who is unmarried, was a member of Loyal United Brothers Lodge of Oddfellows, Manchester Unity. After the Cambrian mine was closed he removed to Nelson.
. This company holds ten acres under the mining regulations. The mine has been worked since 1874, when the gold bearing ground was discovered by Messrs Morgan and Hughes, who afterwards sold over £20,000 worth of gold. The mine is worked by hydraulic sluicing, and there is every prospect of paying returns for many years to come.
, Manager of the Vinegar Hill Hydraulic Sluicing Company, Limited, was born in Monmouthshire, England, in 1851, and was brought up as a coalminer in South Wales. After being engaged in that calling for seven years he came to Lyttelton by the “Edwin Fox,” in 1873. This vessel was wrecked in the Bay of Discay, and the ship's doctor killed. The passengers, however, were rescued by a Spanish steamer and taken into Brest, where the vessel underwent repairs which involved a delay of six weeks, when a second start was made for New Zealand. On rounding Cape Horn the vessel was partly wrecked, but was subsequently got off, and after a passage of 140 days the passengers landed at Lyttelton. Mr. Morgan passed a year in the Shag Point district, and settled in St. Bathans in 1874, and has since then been engaged in mining. He was appointed manager of the Vinegar Hill mine in 1898. He was one of the founders of the St. Bathans Brass Band, Mr. Morgan was married in 1880 to a daughter of Mr. C. M. Mills, of Dunedin.
, one of the founders of the firm, was born in Carmarthenshire, Wales, in 1833. He was brought up on a farm, but was afterwards employed at iron works, and came to Victoria in 1860. In the following year Mr. Hughes arrived in Otago and became associated with Mr. John Morgan in 1863. He was at one time president of the Miners' Association, and served for years as a member of the Cambrian school committee. Mr. Hughes has long been connected with the Presbyterian Church, of which he is an elder. He was married on the 4th of March, 1860, and has five sons, two daughters and several grandchildren.
, which is also known as the White Horse, is a fine agricultural district on the Lauder Flat in Maniototo county, eleven miles from St. Bathans, and 125 miles from Dunedin. A triweekly coach service connects with Rough Ridge with the trains on the Otago Central railway. The greater portion of the settlement, which is remarkable for good crops, has been brought under cultivation, and returns of fifty bushels of wheat to the acre are not uncommon. The public school is known as the Lauder school; Becks has also a post office and a hotel.
(William Fisher, proprietor), Becks. This well-known hostelry, which was established in 1864, contains ten bedrooms and two sitting-rooms, in addition to a commodious dining-room, where sixteen guests can be seated. The buildings are of stone, wood and iron, and include a stable with eight stalls and four loose boxes.
, Proprietor, who has conducted the hotel since 1885, was born in Norfolk, England, in 1827. He was brought up to a country life and emigrated to Victoria in 1853. Alter two years of goldfields' experience, he went into business as a waggoner on his own account, and continued the work for eight years. In 1863 he came to Otago, and after mining for twelve months, he again invested in teams, which he carried on till 1891. Mr. Fisher was married in 1885 to the widow of the late Mr. R. McMorran. Mrs. Fisher, who was born in Shropshire, England, had previously married the late Mr. John Beck, after whom the district is named.
, Farmer, Forest Farm, Becks. This old settler was born at Irishmore, County Cavan, Ireland, in 1845, and was brought up to agricultural pursuits from his earliest days. Mr. Mee emigrated to Moreton Bay, Queensland, in 1864, and after eighteen months of Australian experience, he came to Otago, where he followed mining for about four years and settled at Ophir in 1869 as a dairy farmer. In 1872, Mr. Mee took up Forest Farm as an agricultural lease, but subsequently secured the freehold, which covers 930 acres. The homestead is a substantial brick building, with a verandah. Mr. Mee was married, in 1879, to a daugnter of the late Mr. James Sinclair, engineer, of Stirling, Scotland, and has two sons and four daughters.
, situated on the northern, portion of the Manuherikia Plain, is in the county of Vincent, and is 130 miles from Dunedin. A tri-weekly coach service connects with Ophir the present (1904) terminus of the Otago Central railway. A large tract of good pastoral country surrounds the township, and near the northern hills some large hydraulic sluicing claims are very successfully worked. The township of Matakanui, which was formerly known as Tinkers, has a Catholic church, public school, store, and hotel.
, Matakanui. This house was established about 1869, and conducted by Mr. W. Wall from 1895 till the latter half of 1904. It is of wood and stone, and contains ten bedrooms, two sitting-rooms, a dining-room capable of seating twenty persons, and a large billiard-room. The stables have six stalls and three loose boxes.
, formerly Proprietor of Newtown Hotel, was born in Kilkenny, Ireland, in 1863. He had experience in agricultural pursuits prior to coming to Port Chalmers in the ship “Otago,” in 1876. For about sixteen years he was engaged in mining, and then became proprietor of the Newtown Hotel, Mr. Wall was a member of the Vincent Jockey Club. He was married, in 1882, to a daughter of the late Mr. J. Miller, of Matakanui, and has three daughters and two sons. Mr. Wall drew a lot at the ballot for the Levels estate, South Canterbury, and left Matakanui to settle on his farm.
, Butcher, Matakanui. Mr. Naylor was born in 1841 at Southwell, Nottinghamshire, England, and served his time as a pork butcher at Halifax. For three years he served in the 4th Royal Dragoon Guards at Aldershot and Brighton, and was then bought out of the army. He had experience in various parts of England, in connection with his business, and also at coalmining and iron works. After arriving in the Colony, in 1875, he was for some time with his brother, Mr. Benjamin Naylor, at Clyde. Subsequently he took up 200 acres of land under the deferred payment system, and resided on the property till 1890, when he settled at Matakanui, and opened up business as a butcher. He was chairman of the Matakanui school committee for six years, and is clerk of the scales for the Vincent Jockey Club. Mr. Naylor was married, in 1865, to a daughter of Mr. J. Stubbs, of Durham, and has three sons and five daughters.
, Matakanui. This freehold is the property of Mr. B. Naylor, J.P., of Clyde, and is 1072 acres in extent. It is a dairy and agricultural farm, and has been occupied by the proprietor since 1874. During some seasons a considerable area is devoted to crops, which yield very satisfactory returns. The owner is a large breeder of Clydesdale horses, and has spent considerable sums of money in the purchase of stud animals from the best bred stock. There is a registered dairy factory on the estate.
, formerly Manager of Chester Mains Farm, was born in Lanarkshire, Scotland, in February, 1864. He was brought up to agriculture, and had the charge of a farm for about four years, before coming to Port Chalmers by the “Florida” in 1884. Mr. Brown settled in the Dunstan district, where he was for a short time engaged in goldmining, but he became manager of “Chester Mains” in 1890. He was married, in 1884, to a daughter of Mr. John Weir, of Lanarkshire, Scotland, and had one son and one daughter. Mr. Brown died early in the year 1993.
Head Office, Matakanui. Directors: Messrs John Ewing (chairman), Peter Flannery, William Watson, John
, Legal Manager of the Undaunted Mine, Matakanui, was born in Devonshire, England, in 1866. He was brought up to mining, became manager of the Bald Hill Sluicing Company in 1891, and has managed the Undaunted Mine since October, 1894. Mr. Donnelly was married, in 1892, to a daughter of the late Mr. Ford, of Port Chalmers, Otago, and has four sons and two daughters.
is a fine agricultural district of some 60,000 acres in the county of Maniototo, and is divided by Rough Ridge from the Maniototo Plains. The valley, which includes Poolburn, is about twenty miles in length and from five to eight miles broad. Some of the best crops in Central Otago are produced in the district. The railway station, which was till August, 1904, the terminus of the Otago Central railway, is 106 miles north-west from Dunedin. Ida Valley has a school, a store, and a hotel.
was established in 1880. It is a wooden building, with one room and a porch, and has accommodation for forty-eight pupils; there are thirty-four scholars on the roll, and the average attendance is about thirty. There is a five-roomed residence for the teacher, and there are ten acres of land attached to the school premises.
, Mistress of the Ida Valley Public School, was born and educated at Port Chalmers. After two years at the Normal Training College, Dunedin, Miss Burke was appointed to her present position at Ida Valley in 1896, after having been of the relieving staff for four months. Miss Burke holds a D3 certificate.
, Farmer, Ida Valley. Mr. McBreen was born in 1845 in County Tyrone, Ireland, and was brought up to agriculture. He arrived in Auckland in 1863, by the ship “Nimrod,” and two years later removed to Otago. In goldmining he was not very successful, though he had at Ophir, and on the West Coast, experiences which extended over eight years. Mr. McBreen settled in 1874, in Ida Valley, where his property consists of 400 acres of freehold, and a similar, area of leasehold land. He was married, in 1882, to the widow of the late Mr. G. Thompson, of Ida Valley, and has two sons and five daughters.
is an old mining township on the south bank of the Manuherikia river in the county of Vincent, 122 miles north-west from Dunedin; and here a fine suspension bridge spans the river. A daily coach service connects Alexandra with Ophir. The old township has a post and telegraph office, a branch bank, churches, a public school, stores, and two hotels, Ophir was formerly known as Blacks, and probably it will again take this name, as a new township of Ophir has been surveyed on the north bank of the Manuherikia. This is on the line of the Otago Central railway, which, having been constructed up to this point in August, 1904, was opened for traffic. Three hotel licenses have been granted for the new township, and stores are (1904) in course of erection.
, Inspector of Works under the Public Works Department in connection with the Otago Central Railway extension, was born in Aberdeenshire, Scotland. He was brought up as a stonemason, but had some experience on the Scottish North-Eastern Railway. In 1873 he came to Port Chalmers by the ship “Jessie Readman,” and had a general colonial experience, besides working at his trade, for a time. He joined the railway construction works as assistant overseer at Hyde in 1893, and was promoted to his present position in January, 1896. When the Deborah Bay tunnel at Port Chalmers was completed Mr. Mitchell was foreman of works for McKenzie. Brothers. He was married in 1872, to a daughter of the late Mr. K. McKenzie, formerly of Ross-shire, and latterly of Morayshire, Scotland, and has one son and one daughter.
, General Merchant, Draper and Importer, St. Bathans, and Ophir; Mr. G. A. Francis is manager of the Ophir branch of this business, which is further noticed under St. Bathans.
was born in December, 1875, at Naseby, where he commenced to learn his trade as a baker and confectioner. He completed his apprenticeship in Dunedin and worked as a journeyman at Waitahuna and Naseby till he established a business at St. Bathans in 1895. He was afterwards in business at Clyde, but disposed of his interest to enter on the management of Mr. McConnochie's Ophir branch. Mr. Francis was married in March, 1898, to a daughter of Mr. A. Haig, of Shepherd's Flat.
, Farmer, Pomona House Farm, Ophir. Mr. Leask's property consists of 700 acres of freehold and 600 acres of leasehold land. In 1898 Mr. Leask erected a substantial two-storey stone residence of thirteen rooms, not far from the proposed terminus of the Otago Central railway. Mr. Leask was born at Pomona, Orkney Islands, on the 30th of March, 1836, and was brought up to farming, but went to sea when only seventeen years old. He became an able seaman, was subsequently engaged in whaling,
is a pastoral district, occupied chiefly by sheep runs of the same name. It lies on the Manuherikia Plain, near Chatto Creek. There is a small school at Moutere, but the post office is at the Chatto Creek hotel, which is 127 miles north-west from Dunedin. The Otago Central railway is under construction through Chatto Creek, which is now (August 1904) a stopping place for the coaches which run daily between Alexandra and Ida Valley.
, which is subsidised by the Otago Education Board, was established in 1892. It is held in a wooden building of one room, and is the property of Mr. A. Jopp, the proprietor of Moutere station. There is accommodation for twenty-pupils; there are nine on the roll, and all attend regularly. Miss Sarah Hether-ington is at present (1904) the mistress in charge.
, formerly Mistress of he Moutere school, was born at Round Hill, near Milton. She was educated at Lawrence, where she commenced her calling as a teacher, and was appointed to the Moutere school in 1898. Miss Percy holds a B certificate. [After this article was written Miss Percy married Mr. Knight, of Lawrence.]
, Farmer, Yankee Flat, Moutere. Mr. Wilson was born in July, 1838, in Dumfriesshire, Scotland. He was brought up on a farm, and became a shepherd. In September, 1860, he arrived in Port Chalmers, by the ship “Robert Henderson,” and, after undergoing quarantine for thirteen days, he went to the Dunstan district, where he was engaged as a shepherd for about ten years. He took up 200 acres of leasehold land at Yankee Flat in 1870. This property was afterwards converted into freehold, and was increased to its present area of 400 acres, Mr. Wilson was married, in 1868, to a daughter of the late Mr. W. Murray, of Roxburghire, but that lady died on the 23rd of April, 1884, leaving five sons and two daughters; one son has since died. On the 19th of August, 1887, Mr. Wilson married a daughter of the late Mr. D. Parsons, of Wiltshire, England.
, the best known agricultural district of Otago, is situated a few miles south of Dunedin. It was selected as the scene of settlement by some of the pioneers who came out by the ships “Philip Laing” and “John Wickliffe.” The plain was originally a succession of swamps, and when the Teieri river was in flood, the whole area, from Saddle Hill on the east to the Maungatua Ranges on the west, and as far south as the Waihola, was covered with water; but the energy and intelligence of the settlers have transformed the whole region into a most productive, well protected agricultural district. At first, before the era of roads, the settlers had to skirt round the edges of the swamps, and get along otherwise as best they could, but now the whole plain is intersected with well-formed shingle and metal roads. Drainage and river boards were constituted; the former to assist settlers in the reclamation of their lands, the latter to preserve their properties from destruction by floods; and the results have been most beneficial and successful. In local topography the plain is known as East, North and West Taieri. The first-named division includes the townships and sub-districts known as Wingatui, Mosgiel, Riccarton, Otokaia and Henley; the latter of Outram, Woodside, Maungatua, and Berwick. Wonderful crops have been reaped on the Taieri Plain, and many settlers have obtained from eighty to ninety bushels of wheat to the acre, and up to 120 bushels of oats per acre have been obtained in many cases; of barley sixty bushels, and of mangolds forty to seventy tons per acre; in turnips, a field of from thirty to forty tons per acre is a very frequent occurrence. As a whole, the plain gives an average yield of forty-five bushels of wheat and sixty of oats to the acre, whilst the surrounding uplands give an average yield of twenty bushels of oats and thirty of wheat. Cyclists and equestrians may travel for many miles in almost any direction on the best of roads; northward to Thompson's Springs and westward through Wylie's Crossing, Outram, Woodside, Maungatua, and Berwick; and eastward through Riccarton, Allanton, Otokaia, Henley, and Waihola. At Henley and Waihola there are steam pleasure launches, and in the season game abounds.
, the largest town in the Taieri Plain, is on the main railway line, and about ten miles southward from Dunedin. It commands the trade of the North and East Taieri. Mr Arthur J. Burns, son of the Rev. Dr. Burns, founded the township, and named it after one of the farms held in Scotland by his grand-uncle, the famous poet, Robert Burns. The town is situated on what was once a swamp, having a basin of shingle and boulders thickly covered with alluvial deposit from the river and the surrounding hills. Mosgiel's climate is good and bracing. The streets are flat, straight and wide. Gordon road (named after General Gordon, of Khartoum), is the principal thoroughfare, and is well filled with shops, hotels, banks, churches, residences, and other buildings, which present an excellent appearance. Mr Burns, the founder of the town, established the local woollen factory, which was bought from him by the company which now owns it. Vehicles, pottery and agricultural implements are also produced in the township. Mosgiel has a telephone bureau, and every year the town is the scene of a horticultural and agricultural show. There is a recreation reserve of about six acres, used principally by cricket and football clubs. Mosgiel has six miles of streets, all formed and gravelled or metalled, and the footpaths are all asphalted or gravelled. It is likely to be connected ere long with Dunedin by a double railway line which should be the means of making it a very popular suburb. The Council has recently succeeded in floating a loan of £14,000, to carry out a scheme of drainage on the septic tank principle with a water supply by gravitation from the Silverstream. The reservoir will be on Gow's Hill, and the supply is based on an estimate of fifty gallons a day per head of the population.
consists of a Mayor, elected annually by the ratepayers, and of nine councillors. There are three wards—North, East, and West. The first meeting of the Council was held on the 11th of April, 1885. The first Mayor was Mr. Peter Dey, and Messrs J. H. Murdoch.
holds its meetings on the first Friday of each month. at its offices in Mosgiel. The county comprises the districts of Kaikorai, Otokaia. North Taieri. East Taieri, Ontram, Deep Stream, Strath Taieri, and Maungatua. It has an area of 930 square miles, and a population of 7,197, of whom 3,446 are ratepayers. The capital value is £1,443,859, on which the Council levies a rate of one penny in the pound. Members of the Council for 1904: Mr. Robert Gibson (chairman) and Messrs Charles Samson, Walter Blackie, Thomas Christie, John Dow, Duncan McDonald, John Miller, and James Harrison. Clerk and Treasurer, Mr. John Logan; Engineer, Mr. B. B. Couston.
, M.B.C.M. (Edinburgh), Mosgiel. Dr. Allan was born in Otago and educated at the Dunedin Boys' High School. He studied at the Otago University, and also at the Edinburgh University, where he obtained his M.B. degree in 1887. Shortly afterwards Dr. Allan returned to New Zealand, and in 1888 he purchased Dr. McCaw's practice at Mosgiel. Dr. Allan has always taken a prominent part in local affairs, has been president of the Taieri Agricultural and Pastoral Association, and chairman of the East Taieri school committee.
, M.B.C.M., Univ. Glasgow; Mosgiel. Dr. McCaw, who was born in Ayrshire, Scotland, studied at Glasgow and Edinburgh, and graduated at Glasgow University in 1877. The same year, accompanied by his father. Mr. Alexander McCaw, of Oamaru, his mother and one sister, he sailed for New Zealand in the “Timaru” arriving at Port Chalmers on the 6th of September, 1877. The East Taieri district at that time requiring the services of a medical practitioner, to succeed Dr. Inglis who had died a short time previously, Dr. McCaw settled at Mosgiel, and for ten years was engaged in the active practice of his profession, when, owing to impaired health, he retired, and has since carried on a consulting practice in the same locality. Dr. McCaw was for many years District Coroner, and since 1878 has been a Justice of the Peace for the colony. He has occupied the following positions in local bodies: vice-president of the Otago Medical Society, first president of the Taieri Bowling Club, president of the Tateri Cricket Club, surgeon to the East Taieri Rifles, chairman of the Mosgiel Athenaeum Committee, president of the Taieri Tennis Club, and president of the Taieri Football Club. He married a daughter of Mr. Alexander Todd, of Islington, who arrived in the “Mooltan,” in 1849, and there is a family of five children.
, M.B.C.M. (Glasgow), Mosgiel. Dr. McCormick was born in Newton Stewart, Wigtownshire, Scotland, and entered Glasgow University in 1890. graduating five years later. He first started to practise his profession at Creetown, Kircudbrightshire, Scotland, where, for two years and a half, he was parochial medical officer for the parish of Kirkmabreck, and medical officer for the societies of Oddfellows and Foresters. For the next three years he was assistant to Dr. Irving, Honorary Surgeon, Huddersfield Infirmary, and Police Surgeon, Huddersfield. During the South African war Dr. McCormick was medical officer on the No. 1 Hospital Ship. In 1904 he came to New Zealand and commenced practice at Mosgiel.
, Drapers and Outfitters, Gordon road, Mosgiel. This business, which was established in 1874 by Mr. William Cameron on a site opposite the present premises, has since increased to large proportions, and is the oldest firm of its kind in the Taieri. The present shop was erected in 1832, and is a lefty one storey brick building, with a frontage of over forty feet. There are two entrances from the street, and three large show windows, and a verandah. The goods displayed are of the highest quality, being imported by Mr. Cheyne from the leading houses in London, Paris and the Continent. General drapery, millinery, readymade clothing, and all articles pertaining to a first-class business, are stocked in great variety; and the proprietors employ a competent dressmaker, who has had experience in Melbourne and other large towns, Tailoring, in all its branches, is also satisfactorily carried on, and colonial and English tweeds, vicunas, serges, etc., are stocked. The goods are displayed most artistically both in the windows and the shop, and there is a large showroom in the rear. Fitting-rooms and workrooms adjoin the showroom, and a courteous, competent staff is employed. Since the business came into the hands of the present proprietor in 1899, it has grown considerably, and travellers, representing the firm, traverse the greater part of Otago. A large country business is carried on, and as everything is bought for cash, at the lowest prices, customers reap substantial benefits by trading with this well known firm.
, the Proprietor was born in Dunedin, in 1869, and educated at the Union and George Street schools. After gaining experience in the firm of Herbert, Haynes and Co., and with Hallenstein Brothers, Dunedin, he entered the employment of Mr. William Cameron, at Mosgiel, and in 1899 acquired the business. Mr. Cheyne is a member of the Loyal Mosgiel
(David Christie and Robert Dixon), Drapers and Outfitters, Gordon road, Mosgiel. This business was established in June, 1903, and has increased to large dimensions. The building is of brick, one storey in height, with two entrances from the street. Three large show windows, dressed with skill, serve to display the attractive goods offered for sale. The office and fitting rooms are in the rear of the shop, while the work rooms are in an adjoining building outside. The commodious showroom contains a varied assortment of articles, which are displayed to their best advantage, and panel mirrors are placed in positions for the convenience of buyers. Besidos the show windows, the shop is well lighted by rear windows, the whole premises being airy, scrupulously clean, and up-to-date in every particular. The stock includes all kinds of drapery, millinery, clothing and haberdashery, most of the goods being imported from England and Europe. Dressmaking and tailoring in all their branches are carried out in a most satisfactory manner.
, the Senior Partner, was born at Saddle Hill in 1869, and is the son of a very old colonist. He received his education at the East Taieri school, and at the Normal School in Dunedin. After learning his business with the late Mr. G. G. Harper, draper. Mosgiel, with whom he remained for fifteen years, Mr. Christie opened his present establishment. Mr. Christie was married, in 1898, to a daughter of the late Captain Christopher, of Singleton, New South Wales, Australia, and has two sons and one daughter.
, the Junior Partner, was born in Dunedin in 1876, and received his education at the Albany Street school. His first business engagement was with the D.I.C., Dunedin, where he remained for eight years. Afterwards he was with Messrs Brown, Ewing and Co., for six years, and left that firm to join Mr. Christie in opening their present business.
, Drapers and Outfitters, Gordon Road, Mosgiel. This well known business, which was established by Mr. G. G. Harper, in 1885. was acquired by the present proprietor in August, 1893. It is conducted in a two storey wooden building with a frontage of forty-five feet, and verandah running the whole length. There are two entrances to the building, which has two large show windows. The shop itself is divided into two rooms—the men's department and the general drapery department; and the show room, which is well lighted by means of skylights, is stocked with the most up-to-date models. The firm carries on a large and successful dressmaking business, and the fitting-rooms and workrooms
, the Proprietor, was born in London, and educated at Hastings, on the southern coast of England. He served his apprenticeship as a draper with Messrs Hosmer and Co., of Kent. After coming to New Zealand he was for several years engaged with Messrs A. and T. Inglis, drapers, Dunedin, was subsequently head salesman with Messrs Carter and Co., of the same city, and in 1893 bought the business he now carries on at Mosgiel. Mr. Wingfield was married, in 1894, to a daughter of Mr. James Wills, of Dunedin, and has one son and one daughter.
, Bootmaker, Mosgiel. Mr. Wright was born in Stepney, London, in 1853, and was educated at the Red Coat School, Stepney. After serving an apprenticeship with his father, he left for New Zealand in the ship “Buckinghamshire,” and landed at Port Chalmers in 1874. For ten years he remained in Dunedin, where he was engaged in various occupations, and he afterwards went to Mosgiel to prospect for clay on the Taieri. In this he was so successful that Mr. Gore started a brickyard at Wingatui, and Mr. Wright worked with him for two years. In 1885 Mr. Wright started as a boot and shoe manufacturer in Mosgiel, and the business has largely increased under his enterprise and management. Mr. Wright was for some time a member of the Mosgiel Borough Council, and has been a member and chairman of the Mosgiel school committee. As a Freemason he is a member of Lodge St. John, No. 84, New Zealand Constitution, and is a Past District President of the United Ancient Order of Druids. Mr. Wright was one of the founders of the present Anglican church at Mosgiel, and has been connected with it ever since it was erected. Mr. Wright takes a great interest in musical affairs, and has been choirmaster of his church since 1898. He is also connected with the Mosgiel Tonic-Sol-Fa Association, and is an enthusiastic cyclist. In 1873 Mr. Wright married Miss Walsh, of Stepney, and they have a family of two sons and three daughters. The eldest son was a member of the Invercargill Brass Band when it won the Championship in Christchurch, and the youngest son is in business in Gore, as a cycle manufacturer.
at Mosgiel, which is one of the industrial sights of Otago, is replete and up-to-date in every respect. The boiler-house has three large Cornish boilers, besides a fine multitubular boiler made by Messrs Kincaid and McQueen—the fuel being lignite-coal from the local colliery. A large horizontal steam engine—supplied by the same firm—which indicates up to 180 horse power, drives the shafting by cable ropes from two patent fly wheels, and there is a dynamo for supplying electric light to the works generally. The wool is received in the sorting department, where all bales are opened and the various qualities sorted into separate bins; from these the wool is taken to the scouring-room, and there it passes through a double machine over forty feet long, which has two sets of grapes, harrows, and rollers. One of McNaughton's wool drying machines is used before the raw material is subjected to the manufacturing process proper, some being dyed before, and some after passing the spinning machines. A large stock of dyes is regularly kept in the works, there being seven vats, two of which are set apart for indigo dyes, in use. After this process the dyed wool passes through a teaser, where the fibres are opened up, dust being then taken out by means of two “willys” and a “cockspur” teaser, specially prepared for the carding process, which follows. There are four fine sets of six carders in the main factory building, and two sets in a new additional building, 200 feet by 90 feet, and also a complete new combing plant for making worsteds: there the fibres are drawn into order, and the wool is then turned out in large soft bales of unspun thread. The spinning process now begins, the wool passing through the doublers, which have each 280 spindles, the whole machine stopping automatically whenever a thread breaks. There are seven sets of mules, containing 360 spindles in each, the wool being turned out in cops ready for the weaver. Four winding machines prepare the yarn for the looms, large stocks of spun yarn being maintained in suitably constructed racks and bins in various parts of the factory. The main building, which measures 200 by 120 feet, and is splendidly lighted from above and equally well ventilated, also contains the hosiery department. There are twenty latch needle machines, and seven on Cotton's principle, several new and improved ones having recently been imported. All kinds of hosiery for both men and women are produced in considerable quantities; one of the machines making fifteen feet at one operation. The weaving department, which contains about 6000 feet of floor space, has thirty-six fast and sixteen slow box looms, an equal space adjoining being occupied by the warpers, purlers, and darners, where various processes are conducted. The shrinking or milling of the woollen cloths is effected in the milling-house, where the width is reduced from thirty-six inches to twenty-eight inches, four washing machines being employed in the work, besides a hydro extractor. After this the tweed passes through various machines for finishing purposes, before being folded and measured ready for the tailor's shop; blankets, rugs, and shawls being likewise carefully treated. In the hosiery finishing department, thirteen sewing, and a button hole and button machines are in use; and a number of persons are likewise engaged in hand work. The Mosgiel Woollen Factory stands on part of a section of fifteen acres in extent, situated about a mile from the railway station. The buildings, which are mostly of brick and iron, were designed by the late Mr. H. F. Hardy, architect, of Dunedin, who was one of the directors of the company. They arc admirably adapted to the purposes of the company, which is referred to under Dunedin as the premier woollen company of New Zealand.
, Mill Manager of the Mosgiel Woollen Mills, was born in 1840 at Selkirk, Scotland, where he was educated. He served a considerable time as a hand loom weaver in his native place, having been put to work at the trade as a lad. Subsequently he was a power loom tuner for ten years, and came to New Zealand in 1873 under engagement to Messrs A. J. Burns and Co., as power loom tuner, designer, aad warper, with charge of the weaving department. Four years later, on the death of Mr. Small, he became mill manager. In 1862 Mr. Dryden was married to a daughter of Mr. James Hope, of Selkirk; but she died in March, 1897, leaving two sons and four daughters.
, Ury Park, Mosgiel. Mr. Charters was born in Kircudbrightshire, Scotland. At the age of twenty he first went to America, and carried on farming at Franklin river, in the State of New York, for five years. On returning Home he got married, and again went back to America, where for seven years he was engaged in farming in the State of Wisconsin. On the advice of his brother-in-law, Mr. Alexander Shennan, who had then been for some time in New Zealand, he sold his farm in America, returned to Scotland, and shipped for New Zealand, by the ship “Bombay,” which landed at Port Chalmers in 1882. Mr. Charters, who was accompanied by Mrs Charters and their three children, started farming at Waipori, now known as Berwick, where he remained seven years. In 1869 he bought Ury Park estate, where he still continues to reside. This fine property originally consisted
(William Kirkland, proprietor), near Mosgiel. Elm Grove, which is about five miles from the Mosgiel railway station, is reached by a level macadamised road. It is a remarkably fine, very intelligently worked property, with a handsome two storey dwelling house in tastefully laid out and well-kept grounds. It consists of about 520 acres, and Mr. Kirkland successfully combines model with scientific farming. He has other properties, and in every department of each he keeps the latest and most up-to-date machinery and appliances. Dairying is the chief industry at Elm Grove, though turnips, grain and hay are grown for winter feed. Over one hundred cows are milked during the season. The byre is about 180 feet long and thirty-six in width. A large brick-floored passage runs through the centre of the building, with a row of fifty stalls on each side. Two asphalt passages, each six feet wide, run along in front of the stalls, and along these passages the food for the cows is conveyed by means of trollies. Over one portion of the byre there is a loft which serves as a storeroom, where the dry food, consisting of chaff, bran, and crushed wheat, is steamed and mixed, and sent through a shoot to the trollies underneath. Mr. Kirkland employs machinery in milking, and considers that the machines he now (1904) has in use the nearest approach to the action of the human hand, as the cows are milked thoroughly and cleanly. There is a complete installation of acetylene gas at the byre, which is thus brilliantly lighted up during the dark mornings and evenings in the winter season. The piggeries are constructed with the same attention to details and methods of labour. They are one hundred feet in length, and sixteen in width, and are divided into eighteen pens; each pen, which is seven feet wide, has a concrete floor, and is covered with wood. The whey and skim milk are forced through a pipe to a receiver at the piggeries, where, in a large bailer, boiled turnips and crushed grain are mixed with whey and milk and carried on a tram line along the front of the piggeries and delivered into concrete troughs. About 800 weaners are sold each year. Mr. Kirkland also owns the Poplar Grove estate at Strath Taieri. This property consists of 1800 acres, and is described in another portion of this volume under Middlemarch. Mr. Kirkland's methods of farming are well worth studying and copying as they have been most successful, and are carried on in the spirit of science tempered by cultivated common sense.
arrived with his father in the early fifties and settled in the Taieri, first on a fifty-acre farm. The land was swamp in its natural state, covered with raupo, popularly known as Maori heads. Both father and son worked hard in reclaiming and draining the ground, and their efforts were crowned with success. The Elm Grove and Poplar Grove properties were subsequently purchased, and are now recognised as leading model farms in Otago. Mr. Kirkland has always taken a leading part is all matters in connection with the advancement of his district. He is a prominent member of the Otago Agricultural and Pastoral Association, and a member of the Licensing Committee for the Taieri electorate. In 1904, accompanied by his daughters, he visited Great Britain, and well nigh all the places of interest in Europe.
, eldest son of Mr. William Kirkland, was born at Elm Grove and educated at the Otago High School. He has since then been engaged almost entirely in farming. During the absence of his father he successfully managed the Elm
Grove estate. He is a well known footballer, and has taken part in many keenly contested matches; and he is also a member of the Otago Hussars, and one of the Committee
, one of the earliest settlers of Otago, was born in Lanarkshire, Scotland, in the year 1814. At the age of eighteen, he emigrated to America, the voyage occupying six weeks. He was in America for two years, during which he worked for several months in Chicago, which was then only a small town, and was also engaged as a sailor on Lake Erie for six months; but having been laid up for over six months with fever and ague, he went home to Scotland, intending to return to America at a future date. However, after being in Scotland for several years, he resolved, instead of going to America again, to try New Zealand, and sailed with his wife and two children, in the ship “Mooltan,” in the year 1849. Cholera broke out on board the ship, and Mr. Kirkland lost his wife and one child. After arriving in Dunedin, he worked at Caversham for one year for Mr. McGibbon, who came out in the same ship. He then bought a fifty acre section at East Taieri; but, twelve months later, he resolved to try his luck on the Australian goldfields, and let his section for one year. In Australia he worked at several goldfields, and after being six months there he returned to New Zealand with ubout £350, which was a goodly sum for those days. He landed at Auckland, and after much delay, as sailing vessels were then few and far between, he managed to get a schooner going as far as New Plymouth. After arriving there, not knowing how many weeks he might have to wait until there was a chance of getting further south by sea, he started and walked overland to Wellington with a band of Maoris. Having arrived at Wellington, he managed to get a small weather-board schooner, manned by three Maoris, and in it he took passage for Lyttelton, the voyage occupying six days. Having arrived at Dunedin again, he invested his money in more land at East Taieri, and also in cattle. In the course of a few months he again sailed for Australia, but had not such good luck, and on returning to New Zealand he settled down on his farm. From time to time he added to his property at East Taieri, until his farm extended to 550 acres, and then he invested in property at Strath Taieri. The estate now comprises 2,300 acres, and is the property of his son, Mr. William Kirkland, of Elm Grove. In the year 1876 Mr. John Kirkland took a trip to the Old Country, with his wife, he having married a second time; and when he returned to New Zealand he invested in property in Gisborne. in the North Island, where he retired to spend the evening of an eventful life, the hardships of which few in these days can realise.
, Of Mosgiel, one of the pioneers of the Taieri district, was born in Greenock. Renfrewshire, Scotland, in 1825, and came by the ship “Thetis.” in 1854, to join his brother, the late Mr. David Johnston Marshall, who had previously arrived in Otago. The Messrs Marshall started farming on the farm well known as “Granton,” which they carried on successfully for many years. Two years after the death of his brother, who died at the age of seventy-six, in 1900, Mr. Robert Marshall, who had succeeded to the whole estate, disposed of the property, and has since lived in retirement. In 1879 he took a trip Home, and the late Mr. D. J. Marshall did the same in 1880. Mr. Marshall has never taken any part in public matters, but being very musical, he has found amusement and recreation in playing the organ, violin, and flute. Mr. Marshall is unmarried.
(W. L. Christie and David Christie). Coalmine Owners. Saddle Hill, near Mosgiel. The Messrs Christie have worked their coalmines since 1874. Their mines were the first opened in the district. The coal obtained is of good steam and household quality, and is delivered in small trucks at Walton Park, whence it is loaded into railway trucks for transmission to Dunedin, and distribution along the line. Thirty men are employed in the firm's coalmines.
, one of the oldest established volunteer corps in Otago, was founded in 1864, with a strength of sixty-five men; the late Mr. James Allan, of Hope Hill, was captain, and Messrs James Todd and Thomas Shand, were lieutenants. Captain Allan retired after two years, and his place was successively taken by Messrs Andrews, Rissel, and Carncross. Captain Alexander Cameron is now in command, and is assisted by Lieutenants MacLaurin and Quelch.
was born in Argyleshire, Scotland, and accompanied his parents to New Zealand in 1860. He first joined the East Taieri Rifles in 1869, passed through the various grades, and was appointed lieutenant in 1887 and captain in 1902. Captain Cameron has received the Imperial long service medal, and the Victoria Decoration.
, V.D., of the East Taieri Rifles, was gazetted an officer of the New Zealand Volunteers on the 22nd of June, 1893. He was born in 1845, in Glasgow. Scotland, and educated at the City of London School, and in Germany. He came to New Zealand in 1893. Mr Mac-Laurin saw twenty-one years' service in the Old Country, retiring as Captain of H. Company. 3rd Volunteer Battalion, King's Own Scottish Borderers. He holds the Imperial long service medal and also the Volunteer Officers' Decoration for twenty years' service. Mr. MacLaurin resides at “Dunira,” Wylie's Crossing, in the Taieri district.
was established in 1862, and is a wooden building, divided into two large class rooms. Willi one exception, it is the oldest school in Otago. and has had some notable masters, such as Mr. Gebbie. Dr. Hislop, and Mr. James Waddell, senior. There are 152 scholars on the roll, and the average attendance is 135. Mr. James Waddell. B.A. (a son of the former master) is the headmaster, and is assisted by two pupil teachers.
, B.A., headmaster of the East Taieri school, was born in the Taieri in 1882, and was educated partly in the school of which he is now master, and partly at the Normal School, in Dunedin, and also studied at the University of Otago, where he took his degree. Mr. Waddell was married, in 1899, to Miss Julia Walker, of Dunedin.
. This church is often spoken of as the prettiest country church in New Zealand. It certainly has considerable historic interest, and it was the second chaise established south of the Waitaki. The first minister was the Rev. William Will, whose parish stretched from the suburbs of Dunedin to the Clutha. The congregation began its corporate existence on the 19th of February, 1851, when the first regular services were held; since then it has been the parent of six separate congregations, and still retains its strength and vigour. The present church and manse, on a superb site over looking the fertile Taieri Plain, were built by Mr. Lawson, architect, Dunetlin. and form one of the most specimens of his work. The first minister of the congregation was the Rev. William Will, who was born in Collace, Perthshire, Scotland, and educated at the University of Edinburgh. He came to New Zealand in 1851. and ministered to the Taieri congregation till 1899. Mr. Will was the second minister to arrive in Otago, and throughout his long pastorate did much towards building up the church in the south. He was succeeded by the Rev. James B. Hall, who, after a short pastorate, removed to Hunterville in the North Island.
, M.A., the present minister, was born in Edinburgh, where he graduated at the University, and was trained for the ministry at the New College. After taking charge of the Scotch church in Florence, Italy, for a season, he was ordained to the Free Church at Burntisland, in Fifeshire. His ministry there extended over fourteen years. Mr. Kinmont was inducted to East Taieri on the 3rd of September, 1903.
(William Cuthbert Todd, proprietor), East Taieri. Mr. Todd, who is the youngest son of the late Alexander Todd, arrived with his parents by the “Mooltan.” He was born in Glasgow, but educated at the Anderson's Bay and East Taieri schools, and has followed farming practically since his arrival at the Taieri. On the death of his father, he, in conjunction with his brothers, succeeded to the estate, and when his brothers died some years later he succeeded to the whole property. Latterly, Mr. Todd has withdrawn from farming, and now enjoys a life of ease and retirement. Mr. Todd always took a prominent part in the local affairs of the district and was an active member for twelve years of the Taieri Coueity Council, and for years a deacon of the Presbyterian church at East Taieri. He married Miss Muirhead, a daughter of an old Taieri settler.
, sometime of Islington, East Taieri, was one of the pioneers of Otago. He was born in 1803, in Glasgow, Scotland, where he occupied the position of a banker until his departure for New Zealand. Mr. Todd arrived in Otago, in 1843, by the ship “Mooltan,” accompanied by his wife, five sons, and one daughter. He came out with the determination of carrying on farming in the new country, and brought cut a married couple as servants, an Ayrshire cow, and numerous farm implements. At first the family resided at Anderson's Bay, but in 1859 they removed to Islington, in the Taieri, then, as a district, practically a swamp in its virgin state, without roads, and the only mode of conveyance was by bullock drays. Mr. Todd never mixed in public affairs, except in regard to the church, in which he took a great interest. He died at his residence, Islington, in 1886, aged eighty-three years, leaving a surviving family of five sons and two daughters. Mrs Todd had predeceased him in 1860.
, Farmer, “Lawfield,” East Taieri. Mr. Law is the only son of the late Mr. John Law. He was born in Leith, Scotland, and accompanied his parents to New Zealand in the ship “Blundell.” in 1848. Mr. Law was engaged in farming with his father, and succeeded to the property when his father retired from active life. Mr. Law was a member of the East Taieri Road Board, and of the East Taieri school committee, and has been a deacon and an elder of the Presbyterian church for over twenty-five years. He was also a volunteer for some years, and a member of the Taieri Agricultural and Pastoral
, one of the pioneers of the Taieri, was born at Prestonpans, Haddingtonshire, Scotland, and for some years previous to his arrival in New Zealand was stationmaster at Musselburgh. He came to Otago by the ship “Blundell,” in 1848, accompanied by his wife, one son, and four daughters. At first the family settled at Anderson's Bay, but in 1852 removed to the farm he had bought in East Taieri, where Mr. Law resided till 1876, when he retired from farming and left for Balclutha, where he died in 1884, aged seventy-six. He left a family of four daughters and one son, his wife having predeceased him in 1873, aged sixty-six.
, Farmer, Loughend Farm, East Taieri. Mr. Sutherland was born in East Taieri, and was educated under the late Dr. Hislop and Mr. “Waddell, at the East Taieri school. On leaving school, he started farming with his father, and succeeded to the farm on his father's death. Mr. Sutherland was a member of the school committee, and an elder of the East Taieri Presbyterian church. He took an active part in the formation of the Otago Farmers' Cooperative Association, of which he has been a director since its inception. He is a member of the Otago and Taieri Agricultural and Pastoral Associations. Mr. Sutherland is married, and has a family of two sons.
, sometime of Loughend Farm, East Taieri, was born in Wick, Caithness-shire, Scotland, where he was engaged in contracting. He came to Otago by the ship “Agra,” accompanied by his wife and two daughters. At first he was engaged in forming a footpath at the First Church, Dunedin. Subsequently he removed to the East Taieri, where he and Mrs Sutherland secured an engagement as a married couple with Mr. N. J. B. McGregor, of the “Grange.” After twelve months he bought the Loughend Farm, where he carried on farming and contracting in conjunction for some years with considerable success. Shortly after settling on his farm, his whare was burned with all its contents—a very severe loss to a man just beginning life in a new country. But he determined to succeed, and by hard work and energy he soon overcame the effects of his loss; a better dwelling-house soon replaced the burned whare, and that in its turn was replaced by a fine two-storey brick residence. Mr. Sutherland took an active part in the public affairs of the district, and was a member of the old Taieri Road Board until it merged into the Taieri County Council. He died at his residence, in 1893, aged seventy-four, and left a family of two sons and four daughters. His wife had predeceased him by some years, at the age of fifty-two.
, Farmer, Johnstown Farm, East Taieri. Mr. Todd is the only son of the late Robert Bruce Todd. He was born in East Taieri, and has had the management of Johnstown Farm for years. Mr. Todd is a member of the Otago Agricultural and Pastoral Association, and one of the committee of the Taieri Agricultural and Pastoral Society. He is a member of the committee of the East Taieri Farmers' Union, and has been a member of the East Taieri Rifle volunteers for three years. Mr. Todd is unmarried.
, sometime of “Johnstown.” East Taieri, was one of the pioneers of the district. He was born in Fifeshire, Scotland, where he followed agriculture. Subsequently he removed to Ireland, where he held a farm under the Duke of Leinster, for about ten years. In November, 1851, Mr. Todd, accompanied by two sons and one daughter, arrived by the barque “Simlab” at Port Chalmers. He at once went to the Taieri and joined his eldest son, Andrew, who had come to Otago about two years earlier. Mr. Todd with his family settled on the farm which his eldest son had previously bought. The property became known as the Johnstown Farm, and there Mr. Todd resided until his death. During the many years of his life at the Taieri Mr. Todd took an active part in all matters in connection with the advancement of the district. He was a member of the early Provincial Government, and was a prominent member of the East Taieri church, of which he was an elder up to the time of his death, which occurred at his residence, “Johnstown,” in 1879, when he was eighty-three years of age. Mrs Todd predeceased her husband by several years.
, youngest son of the late Mr. Andrew Todd, accompanied his father and other members of the family to Otago by the barque “Simlah” in 1851. He was engaged in farming practically during his whole lifetime on the Johnstown Farm, to which he succeeded after his father's death. He took a great interest in the Taieri Agricultural and Pastoral Association, of which he was president for some years, and, like his father, took an active part in church work and educational matters. Mr. Todd was also an enthusiastic volunteer and a member of the Otago Hussars. He married Miss Pa ton, daughter of Mr. John Paton,
is conducted in a wooden building—plastered and well ventilatpd throughout—which was erected in 1888. In the very early days teaching was carried on by Mr. Findlay in a large mud hut, with a thatched roof—the only school in the district. In 1862 the Provincial Government took over the school, erected a more suitable building, and appointed as master Mr. George Blyth Anderson who has held the position ever since. Since 1894 there has been an average attendance of between forty and fifty scholars. In the Provincial Government's time the attendance was 180, but through the erection of schools at Mosgiel, Outram, and Wylie's Crossing, the pupils have been divided. Miss Georgina Anderson assists her father, and acts as sewing mistress.
, Master in charge of the North Taieri District School, was born in 1836, in Jamaica, West Indies, where his father was a clergyman. He was educated at the Glasgow High School, and later on took the arts course at Glasgow University. Mr. Anderson arrived in Auckland in 1858, and from 1860 to 1862 served through the Maori war in the Taranaki district, for which he holds the New Zealand war medal. At the conclusion of the war he came to North Taieri, where he has since resided. Mr. Anderson has always taken an active part in all social matters in the district, and was the means of forming a debating society, which became very popular among the young people. He was married, in 1864, to a daughter of Mr. Andrew Waters,
, Farmer, “Maneroo,” North Taieri. “Maneroo” is a freehold property of 118 acres, close to the township of Mosgiel. Mixed farming is successfully carried on, and about 275 sheep, mostly crossbreds, are kept. The land provides first class pasture. A little cropping is done, but most of the land is given over to the sheep. The other stock on the farm includes a few cows and eight fine draught horses. The homestead is practically a new house of eight rooms, and is well built and furnished, and surrounded by well-kept green lawns.
, M.A., was born at Strathaffric, Invernessshire? Scotland, on the 18th of July, 1834, and took his degrees at the University of Aberdeen. For many years he was engaged in teaching at Windlescham, Surrey, England, but, ou account of bad health, decided to emigrate to the colonies. He arrived in Australia in the seventies, and after a few years spent in teaching in a private school in Victoria, he came over to New Zealand, and arrived in Otago in 1880. For nineteen years he was master of the Woodside school, West Taieri, but subsequently resigned that position, and bought the farm on which his widow and children now reside. Mr. Fraser was of a retiring disposition, and, on account of ill-health, took no part in public affairs. He was married, in 1878, to a daughter of Mr. John Myers, of Victoria, Australia. Mr. Fraser died in 1903, leaving a widow, five sons and two daughters.
, Farmers, “Findlayston,” North Taieri. This farm was originally started in 1859 by the late Mr. John Findlay, father of the present proprietors, and comprises about 475 acres of rich flat land, situated close to the Mosgiel township. Mixed farming is carried on and about twenty cows are kept for dairying purposes. A few Shropshire Down rams and 300 Romney crossbred ewes are depastured, and during the season other sheep are bought and fattened up for the market. Wheat crops on “Findlayston” average fifty bushels, and oats eighty bushels to the acre. In 1902 the crops of velvet wheat yielded seventy bushels. When the land was bought it was little more than a bog, but, under a system of careful drainage, it has turned out to be equal to
was born on Findlayson Farm, and educated at the North Taieri district school. After leaving school, he began to learn farming, and on the death of their father, he and his brother took over the management of the estate. Mr. Findlay is on the committee of the Taieri Agricultural Society, and also a member of the Otago Agricultural and Pastoral Association. As an Oddfellow, he is a member of the Hand and Heart Lodge at Mosgiel, and has served as a volunteer in the Taieri Hussars. Mr. Findlay was married, in 1899, to a daughter of Mr. Robert Gawn, of Deerpark, North Taieri.
, sometime of Findlayston Farm, North Taieri, was born in Fenwick, Ayrshire, Scotland, on the 30th of April, 1824, and was brought up to an agricultural life. He landed in Melbourne, Australia, in 1852, and after spending six years at the Ballarat goldmines, came over to New Zealand, and bought the property at North Taieri, where, after a return trip to Australia to settle up his mining business. he made his home. Mr. Findlay took an active interest in all public and local matters and was ever ready to give his time and attention to the advancement and the welfare of the district. He was married, in 1870. to Miss Elizabeth White, of Stewarton, Scotland. Mr. Findlay died on the 9th of October. 1903, leaving a widow, four sons, and one daughter.
(Robert Gibson and Arthur P. Gibson), Farmers, “Keinton,” North Taieri. “Keinton” consists of 300 acres lying at the foot of the hills, and the land is admirably adapted for sheep and cattle. A large number of sheep are fattened yearly, while about 200 Border Leicester crossbred ewes are kept for breeding purposes; twelve cows are milked, and the product sent to the creamery. Messrs Gibson also work the Silver Peak run, which consists of 13,000 acres, at Mount Allan, where 7000 Border Leicester crossbred sheep are grazed.
, the Senior Partner, was born in Haddingtonshire, Scotland, in 1836, and arrived with his parents at Port Chalmers by the ship “Blundell” in 1848. For the first six years he was engaged in shepherding in the Waitahuna district, and later was with Mr. N. McGregor, of North Taieri. Subsequently he bought land and commenced farming on the present property at North Taieri, where he continued his operations for forty years. In 1839 Mr. Gibson retired from the active management of the property, in favour of his son, whom he had taken into partnership, and he now resides on the Factory road, about a mile from Mosgiel. He was elected chairman of the Taieri County Council in 1903. Mr. Gibson was married, in 1859, to a daughter of Mr. William Petrie, of Durris, Scotland, and has a grown-up family of eight sons and four daughters.
, the Junior Partner, is a son of Mr. Robert Gibson, and was born in 1868, and educated at the North Taieri district school, and the Normal School, Dunedin. After a time spent with his father on the home farm, he acquired the Silver Peak run, and worked it successfully for twelve years, subsequently combining it with the home farm, which he owns in partnership with his father. Mr. Gibson has been well known as a football player, and was one of Otago's representatives against the first English team that visited New Zealand. He also played in the match against the Maori football team, and has helped to maintain the prestige of Otago in various other matches. Mr. Gibson was married, in 1892, to a daughter of Mr. Adam Oliver, of Mosgiel, and has two sons and two daughters.
, North Taieri. This estate covers an area of 2800 acres, and is the property of Mrs James D. Mowat, having been bequeathed to her by her father, the late Mr. Neil McGregor. With the exception of forty acres the land is all hilly, and is used as a sheep run. At present (1904) the estate is leased to Mr. John Curry, and about 800 Border Leicester crossbred sheep are grazed, and an aveagc of 300 lambs fattened yealy for the market. The Silverstream river runs through the property; hence the name.
, who owns the Silverstream estate, is a daughter of the late Mr. Neil McGregor, and was born in the Taieri county, and educated at the Wellington Convent. She was married, in 1878, to Mr. James D. Mowat, who died in 1886, leaving two sons and one daughter.
, sometime of Silverstream estate, North Taieri. was born in Caithness-shire. Scotland, in 1817. Before leaving the Old Country, when in business in Dunfermline, he bought some land in the Taieri county, Otago, New Zealand. Ho arrived in Nelson in 1830, by the ship “Berkshire,” and shortly afterwards came down to Otago to farm the land he had purchased. On his arrival, however, Mr. McGregor found that the property was too small and nearly all bog, so he disposed of it, and bought a farm at East Taieri. naming it “The Grange.”
Eleven years later he acquired the Silver-stream estate, where he successfully carried on sheepfarming until his death. Mr. McGregor was a keen business man, and highly
(Peter Smellie, Andrew Smellie, Robert Smellie, and Samuel Smellie), Farmers, “Duddingston,” North Taieri. This firm has 200 acres of freehold property, and the land is almost all on the flat. Mixed farming is carried on, also a little dairy farming, and there are about thirty-five head of cattle. About 150 Merino and Leicester crossbred breeding ewes are kept on the farm. About thirty acres are laid down in wheat, and fifty acres in oats; wheat averages forty-five bushels, and oats fifty bushels to the acre. The machinery includes two traction Marshall engines, a threshing machine, chaff cutter, and straw-press, and a lot of outside work is contracted for by the proprietors.
was born at Mosgiel, and educated at the North Taieri district school. Subsequently he spent a year with Messrs Reid and Gray, in Dunedin; he was also three years at the Otago Iron Rolling Mills, at Burnside; and was for three years manager of creameries at Greytown and Gladfield. On returning to his home, he gave his attention to farming, and especially to the working and management of the traction threshing plant.
, Of Duddingston Farm, North Taieri, was born at Mosgiel in 1874, and educated at the North Taieri district school. He afterwards found work on the home farm. Mr. Smellie was for two years a private in the Otago Hussars. His tastes are musical, and he shows much talent as a player on the violin.
, Of Duddingston Farm, North Taieri, was born at Mosgiel, in 1876, and was educated at the North Taieri district school. Mr. Smellie is a good violincello player.
, Of Duddingston Farm, North Taieri, was born in 1882, and educated at the North Taieri district school, and at the Otago Boys' High School. Like his brothers, he is a lover of music, and takes a great interest in the clarionet.
, sometime of Duddingston Farm. North Taieri, was born at Calderbank, Lanarkshire, Scotland, in 1841, and came out to New Zealand in 1861 by the ship “Storm Cloud.” He settled in the Taieri a few years afterwards, and was farming, in partnership with Mr. Samuel Young, up to 1891. Afterwards he bought Duddingston Farm, and resided there up to the time of his death, on the 4th of May, 1901. Mr. Smellie did not enter much into public life, though in the early days he took his share of road board work, and was for many years a member of the Taieri school committee. He was a sterling man of high character and integrity, and was beloved by all who knew him. Mr. Smellie was married, in 1839, to a daughter of Mr. Andrew Young, of Glasgow, and brought up a family of four sons and two daughters.
was erected in the early nineties for the children living in the district, who formerly had to attend the North Taieri district school. The school building is of wood, and contains two class rooms. The schoolhouse, master's residence and playground cover about three acres of land. There is an average attendance of thirty-four scholars.
, Master in charge of Wylie's Crossing school. Taieri, Otago, was born in 1886 in London, and educated at St. Philip's school, Islington. He came to New Zealand with his parents' in 1874 by the ship “Star of China,” and for a time attended school at Clinton, where he was afterwards a pupil teacher. He subsequently studied at the Teachers' Training College, Dunedin, and while there acted as relieving teacher at the Kensington, Albany, Union. High Street, and Normal schools, and was also at the Waitapeka and Wailmla schools in a similar capacity. Mr. Ellisson was then appointed assistant master at the Oamaru Middle District school, leaving there to become headmaster of the Tuapeka West school, where he remained for six years, before receiving his present appointment in 1898. Mr. Ellisson was married in January, 1901, to a daughter of Mr. John Smith, of Tuapeka West, and has one son.
(Robert Muir and William Muir), Farmers. Ardgowan Farm, Wylie's Crossing, Taieri. Ardgowan Farm contains 365 acres of leasehold property, mostly flat land. About 400 Border Leicester crossbred sheep are depastured on the property. About 100 acres are sown in wheat and oats, the wheat averaging thirty-five, and the oats forty-five bushels to the acre. Thirty acres are sown with green crops for the grazing of stock.
, Of Ardgowan Farm, was born in 1869, in the Taieri district, and educated at the North Taieri district school. He is a member of the Farmers' Union, and of the committee of the Taieri Agricultural and Pastoral Society; and has been a member of the Wylie's Crossing school committee. Since 1893 Mr. Muir has been a member of the Oddfellows' Lodge at Mosgiel.
, Of Ardgowan Farm, was born in 1872, and educated at the North Taieri district school. Like his brother. Mr. Muir has been a member of the Oddfellows' Lodge at Mosgiel since 1893.
, Farmer, Wylie's Crossing. Taieri. Mr. McKeagg was born in County Down, Ireland, in 1856, and came out to New Zealand when he was in his teens. He arrived at Wellington on the 8th of September, 1873, by the “Douglas,” on the first trip that vessel made to the colony. Napier was Mr. McKeagg's destination, whither he proceeded in the “Luna.” After reaching Hawke's Bay he found employment at the Takapuna Hotel, and while there he met his future wife. After his marriage he was for two years engaged on Mr. G. D. Hamilton's station, and for one year on Mr. Sluden's station, near Napier. In 1876 Mr. McKeagg and his wife came down to Otago to visit some friends, and, liking the climate, and being offered employment on a farm, he remained in the south for six months. On account of the heavy flood which destroyed the crops early in 1877, and devastated the district, Mr. McKeagg decided to return to Ireland, and with his wife and child sailed in the ship “Dunedin, which, on its next voyage to the Old Country, was lost with all on board. After six months at Home, Mr. and Mrs McKeagg began to wish themselves back in New Zealand, and they soon set sail again for Otago, where they arrived in 1878. by the ship “Oamaru.” After a while spent in Mr. James Shand's service. Mr. McKeagg, in partnership with Mr. David Shand, bought a steam threshing plant. At the end of ten years Mr. McKeagg bought his partner out, and worked the plant on his own account. Subsequently he leased a 400-acre farm from Mr. David Shand, but he relinquished it at the end of three years. On account of the state of his health, Mr. McKeagg decided to take another sea voyage, revisit Ireland, and at the same time bring back with him his wife's father. But on reaching Honolulu, he became so ill that he deemed it expedient to return with all haste to New Zealand. Shortly after his arrival he bought his present farm, and has since devoted himself chiefly to dairy farming. Mr. McKeagg's wife died on the 25th of September, 1901. She had always been more than a helper to him, from their marriage on the 30th of November, 1873, and had borne him four sons and seven daughters; twins at each, of the last two births.
, “Woodlands,” Wylie's Crossing, Taieri. Mr. Smith was born in Victoria, Australia, and arrived in New Zealand with his parents in 1863, by the steamer “Alhambra.” The family resided at Caversham and he attended the Otago Boys' High School. Afterwards the family removed to Outram, where Mr. Smith, senior, started a general storckecping business. Later, Mr. Smith, in conjunction with his father, leased some land in North Taieri, and named the place Gladfield Farm. There he was occupied in agriculture for twenty-five years. Subsequently he bought the Langlea Farm, from Mr. David Shand, and worked it for three years. Then he bought “Woodlands,” where he has since resided. Mr. Smith's health is too poor to allow him to take part in public affairs, but as a well-read man he is able in many ways to be of service to his fellow colonists. His farm is leased to a tenant, and also another farm of 400 acres, at Mataura.
was born in Huntly, Aberdeenshire, Scotland, in 1819, and came out to Victoria, Australia, in the early days. For many years he was manager of a large sheep station, and afterwards was engaged in carrying goods to the goldfields. When the Dunstan rush occurred in Otago. Mr. Smith came over to New Zealand, and brought with him a number of horses, which he disposed of at satisfactory prices. He was one of the first carriers on the roads in Otago. As a settler he took his share in road board work, and was for three years a member of the Taieri County Council. He was also a noted exhibitor of horses and cattle at the various agricultural shows held in Otago. and secured many medals and prizes. Mr. Smith died at “Langlea,” Taieri, in June, 1891.
(James Andrew Williamson and George Alexander Williamson), Farmers, “Bentaskin,” Wylie's Crossing, Taieri. “Bentaskin” is a property of 640 acres of freehold; about 300 acres are ploughable, and the rest is hilly. About fifty acres are sown in wheat, fifty acres in oats, and twenty-five acres in green crop; the wheat averaging forty bushels, and the oats sixty bushels to the acre. About 500 Border Leicester, Southdown, and Shropshire
was born in 1872 and educated at the North Taieri district school. He is a sergeant in the Otago Hussars, and also a member of the Taieri Agricultural and Pastoral Association.
was born in 1876, and educated at the North Taieri district school. After leaving school he entered the business of Messrs A. R. Falconer and Co., Mosgiel, as bookkeeper, but subsequently took his place with his brothers on the home farm. Mr. Williamson is a member of the Wylie's Crossing Cricket Club.
, sometime of Bentaskin Farm, Wylie's Crossing, Otago, was born in 1837, in Falkirke, Scotland. He was one of the early settlers, and arrived in the colony, in 1848, by the ship “Philip Laing,” accompanied by his father and brothers. His first residence was at Halfway Bush, whence he attended the first school opened in Dunedin, Subsequently he removed to the Taieri with his father, and was engaged in farming up to the time of his death. Mr. Williamson took an active interest in local affairs, and exerted himself in promoting the welfare of the district. He was a member of the Taieri Road Board, the Otago Agricultural and Pastoral Society, and of the committee of the Taieri Agricultural and Pastoral Society. Mr. Williamson married a daughter of Mr. Andrew Waters, of North Taieri. He died in November, 1894, leaving a family of three sons and three daughters.
is a country town in the Taieri Plain, and is connected by a branch railway with Mosgiel, distant nine miles. It has a population of 500 souls, two churches, a state school, post and telegraph offices, two banks, two hotels, two accommodation houses, and is the centre of an agricultural district, which contains some of the best land in Otsago. The township is governed by a Town Board, which first took office in 1882. A disastrous flood occurred at Outram in 1868, causing great destruction to property and the loss of a young settler's life. Many houses were undermined, and others were washed away, including the courthouse, and parts of the constable's residence. At the time of the Dunstan “rush,” the armed escort had quarters at Outram. Formerly the streets were lighted with kerosene, which has been superseded by electric light. The water supply is obtained by filterage from the Taieri river, the reservoir (an elevated iron tank of 4000 gallons, which supplies the town) being
. The first chair-man of this board was Mr. Donald Borrie, and the present chairman is Mr. William Snow, who has filled the position since 1883. Messrs A. Chisholm, P. K. Low, G. Rutherford and T. A. White are the other members; Mr. John Grant, clerk. The total rateable value of properties in the town amounts to £36,000, the annual income is about £228, and the expenditure £185. The board is free from debt. The township is supplied with electric light, and with a good supply of pure water from a small burn or creek called the Whare Creek. The cost of the work was paid out of the fees obtained from licensing the sale of whisky, etc.
, J.P., Chairman of the Outram Town Board, was born in London in 1838. He emigrated with his parents to New South Wales in 1841, and in 1851 went, to the first gold “rush” at Summer Hill Creek, and thence to Turon. In May, 1853, he was at Bendigo and Bandicoot Gully in Victoria, and remained there mining for some time, and he was also a teamster for a number of years. He was at Ballarat at the time of the riots, and his sympathy was with the diggers, to quell whom the Government of Victoria sent men from the 12th and 40th Regiments, and from the warships “Electric” and “Victoria.” He then went to Melbourne, where he had forwarding agency businesses successively in Elizabeth Street, Flinders Lane and Little Collins Street. Mr. Snow came to New Zealand to the Dunstan “rush” in 1862, and after visiting Nokomai and other places, he returned to Melbourne and brought over his teams, and started carrying to the diggings. In 1863 he began storekeeping at North Taieri, and shortly afterwards at Outram, where he has been so employed ever since. Mr. Snow has filled every position in the district. He was for twenty years a member of the Taieri County Council, and was chairman for four years; and he still holds the corresponding position on the river, town and domain boards. Mr. Snow is a member of the Otago Board of Education, and also of the licensing committee, and is chairman of the Outram Library. He joined the Masonic brotherhood in 1860, and is a Past Master and still a member; and he belongs also to the Oddfellows and Foresters. Mr. Snow is married, and has a family of three sons and four daughters.
, who is a Member of the Outram Town Board, and also of the West Taieri River Board, was born at Scotlandwell, in Kinrossshire, Scotland, in 1839, and came to New Zealand in 1858, by the ship “Three Bells.” He worked as a carpenter in Dunedian for four or five years, and had engagements with Messrs Monson Bros., builders, and also with Mr. Thomas Gow. On the discovery of gold at Gabriel's Gully, he went to the diggings, where he remained for about three weeks, in the middle of winter, which cured him of gold fever. On his way back to Dunedin, he was nearly lost in a snow-storm on Maungatua. At the death of Mr. Gow, he came to Outram in 1863, and resided on the banks of the Taieri, until the flood of 1868, which resulted in his removing to his present premises at Outram, where he has ever since carried on the business of a contractor and builder. The flood referred to came upon Mr. Chisholm and his wife during the night, when they had to quit their home and carry their two children to places of safety. The water was up to the locks of the doors, and the very path they escaped by was washed away before morning. Mr. Chisholm has been a member of the school committee,
, A Member of the Outram Town Board, was born in Inchbonnie, Roxburghshire, Scotland, in 1850. He came out to Dunedin by the ship “Invercargill” in 1875, and was for five years engaged in farriery and smithy work for various employers. Mr. Rutherford still plies that calling at Outram on his own account. He has been for nearly twenty years a member of the Town and Domain Boards, a member of the school committee for fifteen years, of the Taieri Agricultural Society for twenty-two years, and of that Society's committee for fifteen years. Mr. Rutherford has also been a member of the West Taieri Caledonian Society for twenty-three years, and has served as its president. He is also a member of the Otage Agricultural and Pastoral Society, which has its headquarters in Dunedin. Mr. Rutherford is married, and has a family of two sons and four daughters.
, who is a Member of the Outram Town Board, was born in Stamford, Lincolnshire, England, in 1859, and educated at Northgate Academy, Lincoln. He was for seven years a chorister in Lincoln Cathedral, and came out to New Zealand in 1879, by the ship “Waitara,” which landed her passengers at Lyttelton. Mr. White went on to Dunedin, and afterwards settled at Outram. For about twelve years he was secretary of the Outram Caledonian Society, and afterwards its president. Until lately he acted as captain of the Outram Cricket Club, and is a captain on the unattached active list of the New Zealand volunteers. He is also secretary of the library committee and of the horticultural society. Mr. White is a member of the Loyal Outram Lodge of Oddfellows, Manchester Unity. He has a surviving family of three sons and five daughters.
was formed about 1870, and owes its establishment to the disastrous flood of 1868, when it became necessary to form protective works in the interests of the district. A raised embankment, about twelve miles long, has been erected on the west bank of the river, about a chain from the bank of the stream, thus enlarging the channel for storm water. Over £30,000 has been spent on the works, which, so far as Outram and the West Taieri lands are concerned, have proved successful, and those districts have sustained no damage from floods since April, 1877. A local loan of £8000 was obtained to start operations. It has been paid off at the rate of £425 in annual instalments, but £1004, bearing interest at 4 1/2 per cent., is still due. Loans amounting to £1003 18s 7d were also obtained from the Government. For the upkeep and other expenses, there is a general rate of one-twelfth of a penny in the pound, and for interest on the loan a special rate of one-twentieth of a penny in the pound. There are 138 ratepayers, and a capital rateable value of £195,660. Members of the Board for 1904: Mr William Snow (chairman), Messrs Alexander Chisholm, George Rutherford, James W. Blair, Samuel Young; John Bathgate and James Patrick; Mr. John Grant, Clerk.
, formerly a Member of the West Taieri River Board, was born in Plymouth, Devon, in 1827. He first came to Newcastle, New South Wales, in 1857, and was afterwards at Sydney and Melbourne, and visited the gold “rushes” at Bendigo, Ararat, Castlemaine, Ovens, Sandy Creek, Dunolly, Inglewood, and various other places. In 1864 he came to Port Chalmers by the “South Australia,” and, after being some time in the Clutha district, he went to Lawrence, where he was farming for about seventeen years. He then removed to Outram, where he became engaged in store-keeping. Mr. Andrews has had a wide experience with horses; he worked for about nine years at the London Veterinary College, and for many years subsequently he attended to the troop horses. He has one daughter and three grand-daughters. Mr. Andrews now, (1904) resides in Dunedin.
. This corps was formed in 1901, and is known as F Squadron of the First Battalion, Otago Mounted Rifles. There are forty-five troopers on the roll, and drill is held once a month the Henley division drilling at Henley and the Outram division at Outram. The corps goes into camp for instruction yearly about the end of October. Mr. John Campbell is captain, and Messrs John Andrews and Andrew Chesney, lieutenants.
, of the Taieri Mounted Rifles, joined the corps on its formation as a trooper. After three months service he was promoted to the rank of corporal. In March, 1903, he was appointed lieutenant, and promoted to the captaincy on the 21st of June, 1901. Mr. Campbell is an enthusiast in volunteering matters and devotes a considerable amount of time to furthering the interests of his corps. He is referred to in another article as a freehold farmer at Allanton.
, which was opened in October, 1877, is the terminus of the branch railway from Mosgiel. The buildings are of the usual description, and afford all the necessary conveniences for the travelling public. There are also goods and engine sheds, and a crane to lift four tons. Accommodation to truck stock is provided at Shand's flag station, about a mile from Outram. The goods traffic consists chiefly of wool and agricultural products.
, Mistress of Outram Public School, was born in Dunedin. She was educated at the High Street school, where she served a pupil-teachership of four years, and after two years at the Normal School, was appointed to the charge of Moa Creek school, where she remained for eighteen months. She was then appointed to Waikouaiti, but after serving for fifteen months she resigned her position and was married to Mr. W. J. Little, of Dunedin, bookkeeper at the D.I.C. Mr. Little died in January, 1897. Mrs Little then rejoined the staff of the Otago Education Board, and after acting as relieving teacher at the Normal School and at Mornington, was appointed to the position of mistress at Roxburgh, whence she removed to Outram. Mrs Little holds a D2 certificate.
, Chemist, Holyhead Street, Outram. Bankers, Bank of New Zealand. Mr. White served his indentureship with Mr. F. J. Clarke, and began his own business in Outram in 1881. In conjunction with the business of his pharmacy, Mr. White conducts an agency for the “Rower” and “Raglan” bicycles. Mr. White is referred to elsewhere as a member of the Outram Town Board.
, Outram. This branch was opened in October, 1874. The present bank building is situated at the corner of Hoyelake and Holyhead Streets, and consists of a banking chamber and manager's room. There is also a residence for the manager.
, sometime Accountant of the Bank of New Zealand at Outram, was born at the Plain Station, Papakaio, near Oamaru, in 1870. He entered the bank's service in 1887, and was successively stationed at Oamaru, Timaru, and Ashburton, prior to being appointed to Outram, where he took great interest in local affairs, especially in athletic sports, and was secretary of the Outram Cricket Club, and a member of the Cycling, Caledonian, and Debating Societies. Mr. McPhail was transferred from Outram to Invercargill.
, Carpenter and Builder, Main Road, Outram. Business established in 1863. Mr. Chisholm is further referred to as a member of the Outram Town Board.
(Taieri and Peninsula Company, proprietors.) This factory is situated about a mile from the railway station, and was first opened in 1891, by Messrs Cuddie Bros., and the present owners have worked it for about ten years. The daily supply for four months of summer is about 1,200 gallons, and 700 for the balance of the season; in the winter time the supply amounts to about 600 gallons, every other day. There are about thirty suppliers. The factory is equipped with all necessary plant and appliances, and the cream is forwarded to the head factory in Dunedin, and ultimately took charge of the factory at Outram.
, formerly Manager of the Outram Dairy Factory, was born in the Taieri district. He was for four years with the company at its head factory in Dunedin, and ultimately took charge of the factory at Outram.
(William A. Woods, proprietor), Outram. This fine two storey building stands opposite the railway station and close to the banks and courthouse. It was erected in 1878 by Mr. Iveson, who transferred the license from Woodside to Outram. After the ownership had passed through various hands, it was finally bought by Mr. Woods. The house contains about twenty rooms, including a large dining room, several private parlours, single and double bedrooms, and a billiard room and bathrooms, with hot and cold water and shower connections. The bars are stocked with wines and whiskies of the best brands, and Mr. Woods makes a specialty of finely matured liquors and cigars. In connection with the hotel there are extensive livery and bait stables, where visitors and travellers can be supplied with single and double-seated buggies and gigs, and with saddle horses thoroughly quiet and well broken in. The house is a favourite resort with the general public and is extensively patronised on Sundays by cyclists and visitors from Dunedin, who take advantage of the fine roads for a spin or a drive out to Outram.
, the Proprietor, is the eldest son of Mr. D. W. Woods, the well known building contractor of Dunedin, and was born in Dunedin, where he was educated at the Christian Brothers' school. He was for a while in the service of Messrs Guthrie and Larnach, and was subsequently in the office of the Victorian Insurance Company. Afterwards he learned with his father the trade of a builder and contractor. Some years later he entered the service of Mr. Walter Guthrie, by whom he was employed as bookkeeper, and was subsequently the firm's travelling representative. On the opening of the Southland Sawmilling Company's business in Dunedin, Mr. Woods was appointed agent, and occupied the position until his retirement five years later, when he bought the Terminus Hotel, at Outram. Mr. Woods is possessed of high musical ability, and was for years a member of the Dunedin Liedertafel Society, and was baritone singer of St. Joseph's choir, Dunedin. He married Miss Owen, daughter of Mr. Owen, of the Farmers' Arms Hotel, South Dunedin, one of the early colonists, and has one son.
, General Storekeeper, Timber and Produce Merchant, also Produce and Commission Agent, Bell Street, Outram. Bankers, National Bank of New Zealand. The Outram agencies for the Woods Binder and the National Fire Company are conducted by Mr. Snow, who is further referred to as the chairman of the Outram Town Board.
, Farmer, “Gowrie,” Outram. Mr. Bathgate was born in Roxburghshire, Scotland, in 1844, and brought up to an agricultural life. He came out to New Zealand in 1861, in the ship “Pladda,” and was for two years engaged with the late Mr. Stevenson, of Wingatui. When the gold diggings broke out, Mr. Bathgate joined in the Dunstan rush, but subsequently bought some land at West Taieri, where he remained till 1896, when he removed to his present property. The farm consists of 522 acres of freehold land, and Mr. Bathgate keeps about 600 Border Leicester crossbred breeding ewes, and thirty Shorthorn cows for dairying purposes; and he also carries on mixed farming. About 250 acres are sown annually with wheat, oats and green crops. The wheat averages fifty bushels, and the oats sixty bushels to the acre. Mr. Bathgate has taken a very active part in public affairs in the Taieri, and was for a time a member of the Outram school committee. He is also a member of the Taieri and Otago Agricultural and Pastoral Societies. Mr. Bathgate was married on the 21st of August, 1872, to a daughter of Mr. Peter Grant, of “Granton,”
, Farmer, Allanton. Mr. Campbell was born at Brighton, Otago, in 1874, and educated at the West Taieri father in farming at Outram. Mr. Campbell was later on for a time engaged at the Woodside creamery, and holds an engineer's certificate. He is president of the Taieri Ploughing Match Society, and has held the championship, besides winning several prizes at the yearly competitions. Mr. Campbell is also president of the Momona Debating Society, and in 1903 held the office of secretary of the Momona school committee. He is a member of the Taieri Agricultural and Pastoral Society, and holds several prizes for hacks, bred and exhibited by himself. Mr. Campbell goes in largely for dairy farming and horse breeding, but he also crops some of his land, and keeps a few ewes for breeding purposes. He is referred to in another article as captain of the Taieri Mounted Rifles.
, Farmer, “Carlowrie,” Outram. Mr. Dow is the youngest son of the late Mr. James Dow, of Dowfield, one of the pioneers of West Taieri, and was born at Woodside in 1853. He was educated at the West Taieri school, and subsequently carried on the Dowfield estate, with his brother. On the death of Mr. Dow, senior, the estate was subdivided. Mr. James Dow's portion consists of 118 acres, on which he has erected a handsome villa residence, and substantial outbuildings. Mr. Dow carries on mixed farming and dairying, and also breeds Clydesdale horses. During the lifetime of his father he was a successful exhibitor at the various agricultural and pastoral shows, and took the championship for Romney Marsh sheep. He is a member of the Farmers' Union, and was a volunteer for many years; and as an Oddfellow has passed through several of the chairs of his lodge. Mr. Dow married Miss Cuddie, daughter of Mr. Cuddie, Saddle Hill, who arrived by the “Philip Laing.”
, Leecreek Farm, West Taieri. Leecreek Farm takes its name from the Lee stream which runs through the property, which was formerly a portion of the Shand estate. It consists of 629 acres, and had passed through various hands before 1896, when Mr. Patrick took possession. He has since then spent large sums in improving the estate; and the dwelling house, stables, and other buildings have all been built with a view to endurance. The whole of the land has been thoroughly drained, and, with the deep ploughing system carried on by Mr. Patrick, it is in the highest state of cultivation. The Clydesdales and other pedigree horses bred on the farm are well known throughout New Zealand. Mr. Patrick's imported sires and mares are of the most famous and aristocratic strains in the Old Country, and have won numerous prizes at various shows. The imported sires include “Olydebank,” “Aikenbrae,” and “Agitator.” The stables at Leecreek are of wood, built on concrete foundations, and have concrete floors. There are twelve stalls for draught horses, six loose boxes, and two stalls for hacks. About 200 acres are annually sown with wheat, and forty acres laid down in turnips; the balance is in grass. There are fifty purebred Shropshire rams, and 600 crossbred sheep on the farm. Numerous bullocks are annually fattened, and forty horses, exclusive of foals, fillies, and colts, are kept on the farm.
Is the eldest son of the late Mr. James Patrick, of Queenzieburn, Stirlingshire, Scotland, a most successful breeder of Clydesdale horses, and nephew of Mr. William Patrick, a prominent old colonist of Dunedin. He came to Otago in 1886, and after being for one year on the Levels station at Timaru, removed to Outram and managed his uncle's farm for ten years. In 1890 Mr. Patrick took possession of his present farm. He is a member of the committees of both the Otago and Taieri Agricultural and Pastoral Associations, and has been a successful exhibitor of horses at those shows. Mr. Patrick married Miss Blair, daughter of the late Mr. John Blair, of Outram.
, Farmer. “Robertsdale,” Outram. Mr. Sutherland was born in the parish of Latheron, Caithnessshire, Scotland, where in his early years he was employed as a shepherd. In 1857 he arrived at Melbourne, by the ship “Eleanor Stewart.” one of the first iron built ships, and in the following year moved to Wellington, New Zealand, and was for two years engaged in shepherding on some of the sheep stations in that provincial district. About 1860 Mr. Sutherland removed to Otago, where he again followed shepherding until he bought his farm in 1869. His property consists of fifty acres of some of the finest land in the Taieri Plain, and is at present (1904) in a high state of cultivation. The improvements consist of a fine two storey residence built of brick, the outside of which is covered with wood, thus insuring thorough dryness. The stables, byres, and general farm buildings are extensive, and built with the object of endurance. Mr. Sutherland carries on a system of general farming and dairying, and his wheat crops average eighty bushels to the acre. He has never taken any part in the local affairs of the district, as he has found the management of his farm has required his undivided attention. Mr. Sutherland married Miss Dow, daughter of the late Mr. James Dow, of Dowfield, Outram. Mrs Sutherland died on the 17th of March, 1900, aged fifty-five years, and left a family of nine children.
, Of Balmoral, Outram, was born at Lockwood, near Glasgow, Scotland, in 1818, and arrived at Wellington, in 1840, by the ship “Bengal Merchant.” He remained in Wellington about five years, during part of which he was engaged in storekeeping on his own account, and was also in the employment of Mr. Archibald Anderson, now of The Hermitage, Stirling. Owing to the failure of the New Zealand Company, and the consequent depression, Mr. Cullen left Wellington in 1845, for Otago, where he followed various occupations, including storekeeping with his former employer, Mr. Anderson, who had also left Wellington for Otago. Later on he was engaged with a survey party. After the arrival of the first immigrants by the “Philip Laing,” in 1848, Mr. Cullen bought a horse and started a carrying business, which paid him so well that he bought two more horses and did the ploughing for the pioneer settlers on their ten-acre sections around the embryo city of Dunedin. For three years he pursued this occupation, and having saved sufficient money, he bought a farm of one hundred acres on the Taieri Plain. Mr. Cullen afterwards added to his holding, as circumstances permitted, until he had a fine property of 600 acres. On this he carried on a successful system of farming for many years, cultivating the lower portion of the estate and breeding sheep on the hilly land, near Saddle Hill. He retired from farming in 1892, in favour of his son, Mr. Robert Cullen, who now carries on the farm. Mr. Cullen was a well known breeder of Clydesdale pedigree stock during his active management of the property, and won many prizes at the Dunedin and Taieri shows; at the first show held at the Taieri, he won the first prize for the best cow exhibited, and third for the best mare. Mr. Cullen took a prominent part in the early politics of Otago, and was a member of the Provincial Council. He was also a member of three Road Boards of which he was chairman for several years, and willingly gave his assistance in connection with all matters relating to the advancement of the Taieri. His memory is still (1904) interestingly filled with reminiscences of the early struggles of the pioneers, and with recollections of the difficulties which he himself had to face in connection with the carrying of the manuka piles used in constructing the old Jetty Street wharf, for which he had the contract. Mr. Cullen married Miss Stevenson, who arrived in the “Philip Laing.” She died in 1902, at the age of seventy, and left a family of seven sons and two daughters, and forty-three grandchildren.
, J.P., Of Newton, Outram, was born in Perthshire, Scotland, in
is within three miles of Outram and twenty-two miles west from Dunedin. It is one of the prettiest and best known spots on the Taieri Plain, and derives its name from a creek with several miniature waterfalls and adjacent woodland scenery. Old settlers still speak of the place as Maungatua, and it was at one time best known by that name. The land in the neighbourhood is very fertile, and flourmilling is carried on in the township. Woodside is much frequented by pleasure parties from Dunedin.
Pastor, the Rev. Robert Fairmaid, Mr. Fairmaid was born at Invercargill in 1859. He is the eldest son of Mr. and Mrs John Fairmaid, of Invercargill, two old and respected colonists, who, then both unmarried, arrived in New Zealand in 1858, Mr. Fairmaid in the “George Canning” and his future wife in the “Three Bells.” The Rev. R. Fairmaid was educated in Invercargill at two well-known schools; one conducted by Mr. John Gibson Smith, afterwards secretary to the Southland Board of Education, and the other by Mr. Andrew Macdonald. Mr. Fairmaid was indentured to the furniture trade, and during his apprenticeship, and afterwards whilst working as a journeyman, he underwent a course of studies preparatory to joining the ministry. His tutors were the late Rev. A. H. Stobo, the Rev. J. G. Paterson (now of Gisborne), Mr. George Hardy, headmaster at North Invercargill, and Mr. F. H. Geisow (mathematician). In 1884 Mr. Fairmaid entered the Otago University, where he took the arts course, required by the Church, and subsequently studied divinity at the Theological College, Dunodin. During the vacations, he was engaged in mission work at Brunnerton, Fortrose, Kelso and Lake Wanaka. In December, 1889, he was licensed by the Clutha Presbytery, and on the 7th of January, 1890, he was ordained and inducted to the pastoral charge of the Kaitangata district; thence, after years of successful ministration, he received a call to West Taieri, and accepted it. In October, 1891, Mr. Fairmaid was married to Mary, daughter of Mr. Allan Henderson, accountant to the well-known firm of Messrs Donald Reid and Co., of Dunedin, and has three sons. Mr. Fairmaid is a prominent advocate of temperance.
, Farmer, Woodside. Mr. Bell, the eldest son of the late Mr. John Bell, was born at Woodside, and received his education at the local school and at Outram.
After working on his father's farm for some time, and engaging in shearing, he left in 1888 for Sydney. From Sydney he went to Adelaide, and various parts of South Australia. He travelled a distance of 500 miles up the Murray river, and was shearing on the station of Cudmore Bros. The western districts of Victoria were then visited, and he went waggoning at Romsey, once known as Five Mile Creek. He returned to Woodside at the time of the Dunedin Exhibition, but was seized with rheumatism, and ordered away for a change to Rotorua, where he derived great benefit from the baths. After travelling through the North Island with his brother, he returned to Woodside, which is his home, but he resides occasionally for long periods at Rotorua in the interest of his health.
, which means, in the Maori language, “Hill of Spirits,” is a popular farming area lying at the base of the mountain range of that name in the West Taieri district. It is five miles from Outram, which is nineteen miles by rail from Dunedin. The district is prosperous, like the rest of the Taieri Plain, and is devoted largely to general farming and dairying. The land yields about sixty bushels of wheat and eighty of oats to the acre. There is no township in the district, but it possesses a Presbyterian church, a school, a post office, a dairy factory, and a blacksmith's shop. Trout and perch abound in the Taieri river, where ducks also are plentiful, and there are rabbits in the district. The district road is very good and quite level, and passes through Woodside with its many beautiful scenic attractions, and presperous farms. The gully where Garratt, the notorious bushranger, committed numerous robberies in the early days of the goldfields, is on the Outram-Woodside-Maungatua road.
(Unattached Active List, New Zealand Volunteers) resided at Maungatua, and came to the Colony with his parents in the ship “John Wickliffe.” His father was Henry Frederick Blatch, groom and gardener to Captain Cargill, at Esher, and afterwards in Buckinghamshire, and eventually came out to New Zealand, in the same employment. In 1859, Mr. T. H. Blatch joined the police force in Dunedin, then under Mr. St. John Branigan, and retired therefrom at the end of 1863. He was in charge of the Molyneux Ferry police station at the township now known as Balclutha, and was there when the Nokomai “rush” took place. Mr. Blatch, after three weeks' searching, found, caught in a snag in the Molyneux stream, the body of the murdered man Wilson. The murderer Fratson was condemned to death, but afterwards his sentence was commuted to imprisonment for life. Mr. Blatch left the police force at the time of the Hindon “rush,” and went prospecting. He was afterwards storekeeping and
sawmilling, and is now a fruitgrower and beekeeper. Mr. Blatch is the oldest member of the Hand and Heart Lodge of Oddfellows, Manchester Unity. He was one of the champion
, Farmer, “Red Bank,” Maungatua. Mr. Carruthers is the only remaining pioneer of the three who first settled on the eastern side of the Lee Creek, and was born near Dumfries, Kireudbrightshire, Scotland. He left for New Zealand by the ship “Storm Cloud,” in 1861, and landed at Port Chalmers. Shortly after his arrival he obtained employment with the late Mr. William Nicol, at the Taieri—first, as ploughman; but two months afterwards, owing to the breaking out of the gold diggings, he was engaged in driving a team to Gabriel's Gully—an employment he continued for four years. During the period of his waggoning he bought the farm on which his brother, Mr. James Carruthers, now resides, but afterwards sold his interest in the property to his brother. Mr. Carrnthers subsequently bought his own present property of 280 acres, on which he erected a handsome elevenroomed house, and up-to-date outbuildings. His land, which is in a high state of cultivation, is devoted to a system of general farming, but chiefly to the fattening of stock, and he annually sells about 120 fat bullocks. The land is noted for its fattening qualities, and produces large yields of wheat and root crops. Mr. Carruthers is a well known breeder of Shorthorn cattle, and has lately added, to his herds some of the Mariakakahi well known pedigree Shorthorn stock. During his long residence in the district, he has taken an active part in local affairs, and was for many years a member of the Outram and Henley Road Boards, and of the Henley River Board, and the Licensing Committee. Mr. Carruthers is unmarried.
, Farmer, Maungatua. Mr. Heenan left his father's home at North-East Valley when he was only in his teens, and followed his brothers over to Australia, to which he worked his passage to Sydney in a small schooner for pay at the rate of one shilling per month. After reaching Sydney, he made his way to Melbourne, where he arrived with only sixpence in his pocket. In Melbourne he lost the mate who had accompanied him from Sydney, and underwent various adventures. One night he slept in a stable, the owner of which gave him food in the morning, and on enquiring into his identity, asked him if he were a Maori, and in what part of the world New Zealand lay. Fortunately, young Heenan had his brothers' address in his possession, and with the aid of the friendly stable-owner and a policeman, he reached his brothers, and joined them in mining at Bendigo. In about ten months they made £600 between them, and his brother William left for New Zealand with the money, to invest it there on their joint behalf. Mr. D. Heenan then became a team owner for three years, and when the Tuapeka “rush” occurred, he brought horses over to New Zealand. Some of the horses cost him £150, and he lost one on the way over. When carting goods to the Tuapeka and Dunstan diggings, he obtained as much as £100 per ton freight, but the work was beset with many difficulties. For instance, he was once snowed up on Lammerlaw, lost one of his best horses in connection with the incident, and had to return to Outram for horse feed. Oats then cost him is per pound. Mr. Heenan afterwards built and conducted the British Hotel in Dunedin, but sold out, and settled at Maungatua where he has freehold and leasehold land, and follows pastoral pursuits. Forsome time Mr. Heenan was a member of the road board, and licensing and school committees, and claims to have given Whare Flat its name of Blueskin. After his return to New Zealand, Mr. Heenan found that the mate whom he had lost in Melbourne had come back to New Zealand, and had died and been buried at Warepa, in the Molyneux district.
, Farmer, Maungatua. Mr. Heenan remained with his parents at North East Valley off and on till 1867, when he settled at Maungutua. His first farm was of eighty acres, since increased to 1200, on which he grows crops and grazos stock. When he first came to the district, there was no road, but merely a track in places; oftener none. Once when sledging a plough over the Taieri river, with the aid of bullocks, the plough was swept away, and, as the river was in flood, Mr. Heenan himself was only saved by hanging on to the bullocks' chains. The night was frosty, and home was nine miles distant, and the episode was therefore one of the kind that tasked the spirit and endurance of early settlers. The plough was afterwards recovered by Mr. Donald Borrie. Mr. Heenan thinks that sufficient credit has not been given to Captain Cook for his foresight in landing pigs in New Zealand, and holds that many early settlers owed much to the flesh of wild pigs as an article of diet, and were truly thankful for it. Mr. Heenan has ten sons and four daughters.
, sometime of Hollybrook Farm, Maungatua, was one of the vigorous pioneer settlers of Otago. After remaining three years in the North East Valley with his parents, he started contracting in company with Mr. Donald Reid, and remained at that calling for two years. He then left New Zealand and went to the Bendigo diggings in Victoria, whence he returned to New Zealand and bought land and settled down on the Taieri Plain. When in the employment of Mr. Lee he was the first to use horses in the plough on the plains. Mr. Heenan was the first to erect a cheese factory at Maungatua, and carried it on till his death on the 17th of September, 1892. For many years he was a member of the road board and school committee. The property which he had acquired is named Hollybrook farm. It consists of about 1000 acres, and crops are raised and stock reared upon it. When originally taken up it was in its wild state, all swamp, flax and tussock land, but it is now under cultivation, and yields an average of fifty bushels of wheat,
is situated on the Taieri river fourteen miles south-west from Dunedin, and the main south line to Invercargill runs through the township, which is in the Taieri electoral district. The town was at first named Greytown, after Sir George Grey, but was afterwards altered to Allanton, in honour of the late Mr. James Allan, of Hopehill, who was one of the first settlers in the district. Allanton is governed by a town board. The land in the district is of first-class quality, and is farmed by many prosperous settlers. Allanton has a post and telegraph office and railway station, a public school, a Catholic chapel, Anglican and Presbyterian churches, a well-stocked library, and several private boarding houses and a first-class hotel. A fine view is obtained from the top of the hills on the road leading to Brighton and Saddle Hill.
combined is situated fifteen miles south of Dunedin, on the main south line, and about twelve trains pass daily, all, with the exception of the north and south expresses, making the station a stopping place. The present building was erected early in 1894, the old station having been destroyed by fire in the previous year. There is a spacious booking office, which is well lighted, ventilated, and heated; a ladies' waiting room and a large covered vestibule. There is also a large goods shed, capable of storing quantities of merchandise and other goods.
, Stationmaster and Postmaster at Allanton, was born in Tasmania in 1874, and came over to New Zealand with his parents, at an early age He received his education at the Green Island school and entered the railway service at Dunedin, in 1891. Three years later he was appointed clerk at Hyde, and after filling a similar position at Outram, he returned to Dunedin for a further term of three years. Subsequently Mr. Morgan filled the positions of clerk and acting stationmaster at Pelichet Bay, and was then relieving officer at the head office before being appointed to his present position in May, 1904. He was married in May, 1904, to a daughter of Mr. G. Rutherford, of Outram.
, which was established about the year 1870, is a wooden building containing two lofty and well ventilated classrooms. There are fifty-seven scholars on the roll, with an average attendance of fifty. The schoolhouse, playground, and master's residence cover four acres of land. Mr. Frederick Scott Aldred is master, and Miss Elizabeth McKay, mistress.
. Headmaster of the Allanton Public School, was born in London, in 1855, and two years later accompanied his parents to Tasmania.
He was educated at the Hobart High School, and after taking his degree, taught for two years in private schools. Mr. Aldred came over to New Zealand in 1875, in the ship “Chanticleer,” which was lost on its return voyage. His first engagement was at the Collegiate Institute at Dunedin, where he remained for ten months, and was then appointed master at the Inch Valley school. After sixteen months spent in that position he resigned, and engaged in insurance business for a year. Mr. Aldred was then appointed master of the Macraes school, and was subsequently headmaster of the Alexandra school for over fifteen years before receiving his present appointment in 1894. As a Forester he has been a member of
, Storekeeper, Allanton. Mr. Roxburgh was born in Ayrshire, Scotland, in 1846, and before coming out to New Zealand served an apprenticeship of four years to the brass finishing trade. He arrived in New Zealand on the 3rd of January, 1665, and for a short time found employment with Messrs A. and T. Burt, Dunedin. Afterwards he was with Mr. William Shand, of Taieri, for a few months, and then journeyed to Waitaki, to learn sheep shearing. Later, Mr. Roxburgh found employment on the Maerewhenua station, North Otago, and on several farms in the Taieri; and subsequently he bought some land and farmed on his own account, for fourteen years. Wishing to take life a little easier in his declining years, Mr. Roxburgh bought his present business at Allanton, and has for many years conducted it successfully. He has been a member of the Allanton school committee. Mr. Roxburgh was married, in 1830, to a daughter of Mr. George Kemp, of London, and has a family of three sons.
, Farmer, “Hopehill,” Allanton. Mr. Allan is a son of the late Mr. James Allan, one of the early pioneers of the province, and was born on his present estate. He received his education at the Union Street school, the Otago Boys' High School, and the University of Otago. To qualify himself as a surveyor, Mr. Allan joined the Government survey camp, under Mr. John Strauchon, and after five years of service went up for his examination, which he passed on the 14th of May, 1879. He was then appointed by the Government to take charge of a survey part at Roxburgh, and held the position with credit to himself and his employers. Subsequently Mr. Allan returned to “Hopehill,” and took charge of the estate, which he conducted successfully for a number of years. However, a few years ago, he found it absolutely necessary, on account of ill-health, to take a much needed rest, so he leased the property to a tenant, and relieved himself of the care and worry of management. Mr. Allan is an honorary life member of the Otago Agricultural and Pastoral Society, and also a member of the Taieri Agricultural and Pastoral Association. In the past he has been a most successful exhibitor of sheep; indeed, at one time there were hardly any sheep in the Taieri that could compare with the Hopehill flocks. He was for ten years a member of the Otago Hussars, which he joined as a trooper, and resigned as a lieutenant. Mr. Allan has been twice married; first, in 1893, to a daughter of the late Mr. John Maitland, of the Isle of Man, Liverpool, who was owner and editor of the “Liverpool Mercury.” In 1898 he married a daughter of Dr. Salmond, Professor of Mental and Moral Science at the University of Otago. He has one son by his first wife, and two sons and one daughter by the second marriage.
, sometime of “Hopehill,” Allanton, was born in Ayrshire, Scotland, in 1824. He accompanied his family to Nelson, in 1842, by the ship “New Zealand,” and first arrived in Otago, in 1846, with a survey party, who were engaged in surveying around the Clutha. In the following year he and bakehouse on the corner of Rattray and Princes Streets, Dunedin, where they carried on business until 1853. In May of that year, he removed with his family to “Hopehill,” Taieri, which he had previously stocked with sheep, and where he resided until his death in 1891, at the age of sixty-seven years. He left a family of seven sons and four daughters. Mr. Allan took a prominent part in the local affairs of the district. He was a member of the Provincial Council until the abolition of the provinces; a Commissioner of the Waste Lands Board, a member of the Education and River Boards; captain of the first East Taieri Rifle; and a leading spirit in everything pertaining to the welfare of Otago. Mrs Allan, who survives her husband, arrived in New Zealand by the “Ajax,” in 1849, and still (1904) resides at Mosgiel.
, Farmer, Allanton. Mr. Christie was born in North Berwick, Scotland, in 1853, and accompanied his parents to New Zealand when he was three years of age. He was educated at the East Taieri school, and the Otago Boys' High School, and afterwards started farming with his father on his present property at Allanton. Mr. Christie represents the Otokaia riding on the Taieri County Council; is chairman of the Allanton Town Board; a member of the Taieri Licensing Committee, and has been chairman of the Allanton school committee, and a member of the Athenæum committee. He is a prominent member of the Taieri Agricultural and Pastoral Society, and has taken many prizes at the annual shows, with horses, bred on his farm. Mr. Christie was married, in 1877, to a daughter of Mr. William McMeikan, of Halfway Bush, and has a family of five sons and two daughters. The farm covers an area of about 530 acres; much of the land is hilly, and suitable only for sheep, of which a large number are depastured.
, Farmer, Lilly Farm, Allanton. Mr. Lawrence was born in County Cavan, Ireland, in 1859, and came to New Zealand in 1878, in the sailing ship “Oamaru.” During his first year in the colony he was engaged at the Clydevale station, owned by the New Zealand and Australian Land Company, and was subsequently with Mr. James Allan, of East Taieri, with whom he remained for eight years. In 1887 Mr. Lawrence bought his present property, and started farming on his own account. His farm has an area of fifty acres, and dairying is the principal industry, for which he keeps cows of Ayrshire and Shorthorn breed. About thirty acres are laid down in green crop, and a number of young cattle are raised and fattened. ‘Mr. Lawrence has been a member of the Allanton school committee, and he is a member of the East Taieri Orange Lodge. He has been twice married; his first wife, who had been Miss Johnston, of East Taieri, died in 1894, leaving a family of one son and four daughters. Mr. Lawrence married, secondly, a daughter of Mr. Robert Mills, of Milton, and of this union three sons and two daughters have been born.
, Farmer, “Taurima.” Allanton, Mr. Nichol was born in 1842, in Caithness-shire Scotland, and came out to New Zealand with his parents in 1856, by the ship “Strathmore.” He was first employed by the late Mr. James Macandrew, for six months, and was then shepherding for the late Mr. Edward Lee, at West Taieri, and also occupied a similar position on Mr. Healey's estate at Deep Stream. When the gold rush set in, Mr. Nichol abandoned shepherding, and proceeded to Gabriel's Gully, Tuapeka, and the Dunstan, but after spending three years on the goldfields he went to Outram and started a butchering business, which he carried on successfully for five years. Then he bought a farm at Tokomairiro, but three years later returned to Qutram and engaged in his old business. In 1872 Mr. Nichol took up a sheep farm at Lee Stream, and remained there for twenty-five years, before buying his present property of 481 acres, where he has since resided. About 1000 sheep, mostly Romney cross breeding ewes, are grazed, seventeen Shorthorn cows are kept for dairying purposes, and several head of cattle are fattened for the
market. Grass and green crops are of a particularly rich quality, and a considerable amount of cropping is carried on. Mr. Nichol has taken several prizes for Shropshire Down
sheep at the Taieri Agricultural and Pastoral Society's shows, and is a member of the society. He is also a member of the Otago Agricultural and Pastoral Association, and was at one time chairman of the Lee Stream school committee, and represented the Deep Stream riding on the Taieri County Council. He was one of the promoters of the Outram Court of Foresters. Mr. Nichol
(Robert Webster and John Callander, proprietors), Allanton. This property consists of 201 acres of freehold—some of the best land in the Taieri. About 120 head of cattle are fattened for the Dunedin market, and turnips grow in such large quantities as to be able to feed ninety head of cattle per acre. Several pedigree brood mares are kept for breeding purposes, and cropping is carried on for the feeding of stock, wheat having averaged seventy bushels and oats up to one hundred bushels to the acre. Messrs Webster and Callander have been most successful in their exhibits at the Otago and Taieri agricultural shows. In 1902 at the Otago Agricultural and Pastoral Society's show, they gained three first prizes for turnips, against all Otago, winning Messrs Nimmo and Blair's fifteen guinea trophy, Messrs Wright and Stevenson's fifteen guinea trophy, and Fison's Cup. and they now hold the latter permanently, having won it twice. At the same Society's show, in 1903, they won the second prize for dry mare, second prize for mare in foal, and third prize for yearling filly. At the Taieri show, in 1903, they took first prize for mare in foal, second prize for pair of mares, and third for yearling filly.
, the Senior Partner was born in Stirlingshire, Scotland, in 1858, and brought up to farming. He came to New Zealand, in 1878, by the ship “Oamaru,” and for four years was employed by Mr. David Grant, of West Taieri. For the next ten years Mr. Webster, in partnership with Mr. Callander, was engaged in contracting, and they owned three ploughing teams. In 1888, the partners having decided to take a trip to the Old Country, shipped their horses to Sydney, where they were sold at a good figure. After a year they returned to New Zealand and bought their present property. Mr. Webster has been a member of the Allanton school committee since 1899. He is a member of the Otago Agricultural and Pastoral Society, and is on the committee of the Taieri Agriculutral and Pastoral Society, of which he was president in 1902. He is also a member of the Falkirk St. John's Lodge of Freemasons, No. 16, Scottish Constitution. Mr. Webster was married, in 1893, to a daughter of the late Mr. John Nimmo, of East Taieri, and has one son and one daughter.
, the Junior Partner, was born in Stirlingshire, Scotland, in 1857, and was brought up to farming. He came to New Zealand in 1878 by the ship “Oamaru” and for a while was with Mr. David Grant at West Taieri. Subsequently, in partnership with Mr. Webster, he engaged in contracting, chiefly ploughing, and operated successfully for ten years, when, with his partner, he took a trip to the Old Country. In 1889 the partners bought their present farm, which they have since worked most successfully. Mr. Callander is chairman of the Allanton school committee, vice-president of the Taieri Agricultural and Pastoral Association, and a member of the Otago Agricultural and Pastoral Association. As a Freemason he belongs to St. John's Lodge, Falkirk, Scotland, No. 16, Scottish Constitution. Mr. Callander was married, in 1896, to a daughter of the late Mr. Malcolm Carmichael, of West Taieri, and has one son and one daughter.
, Farmer, “Bushy Park,” Allanton. Mr. Young was born in Glasgow, Scotland, in 1839, and before leaving the Old Country was farming in the
Lowlands near Paisley. He arrived in Victoria, Australia, in 1862, by the ship “Dawn of Hope,” bringing out with him three Clydesdale stallions, “Champion,” “Rob Roy,” and “Controller.” The first named was subsequently bought for £325 by two Otago gentlemen, Messrs Imrie and Blair. Mr. Young came to Port Chalmers in
is a small township in the Taieri district four miles from Henley railway station, and twenty-one miles south-west from Dunedin. It is devoted largely to dairy-farming, but sheep, also, are extensively depastured on the higher lands. The town has a school, store, butcher's shop, and a boarding house, but no hotel. At first the district was known as Waipori Lake, from a local lake or lagoon of that name; but during the late fifties, or early sixties, Mr. Watson Shennan, now of Dunedin, had some land there surveyed and cut up for a township, which was named Berwick, and since then the district has borne this name. Formerly the neighoburing land was very subject to floods, but improvements and embankments made under the supervision of a River Board have considerably reduced risks in that connection. The settlers have a still more effective scheme in view, and if it is successfully carried out, it is expected that the district will then enjoy practical immunity from damage by floods. The land around is very fertile, and so well known for its fattening qualities, that stock raised there is held in special estimation by the Dunedin butchers. There are good roads in the district, and cycling to Henley, four miles distant, or to Outram; about twelve, is much in vogue; and in passing along the base of the Maungatua Range the traveller sees some of the finest farms in the Taieri.
, Farmer, Berwick. Mr. McPherson was born in Inverness-shire, Scotland, in 1831, and was brought up to sheepfarming. After emigrating to South Australia, where he remained for some years, he came to Otago in 1862, during the early days of the goldfields. He was for a short time on the Dunstan diggings. After that he and his brother bought the estate then belonging to Messrs John Shennan and Robert Charters at Lake Waipori—between Berwick and Henley—and carried on most successfully under the style of McPherson Brothers, sheepfarmers. During their partnership, the brothers were well known as breeders of pedigree Leicester sheep, and were successful in winning sixty silver medals for first and second champions, besides numerous silver-cups. The partnership has been dissolved for a considerable time, and Mr. McPherson now devotes his farm to dairying operations, and the fattening of sheep and cattle. Mr. McPherson has never taken any part in public affairs, but has ‘given all his time to the management of his farm. He married Miss Campbell, daughter of Mr. Donald Campbell, of Berwick, who arrived in New Zealand in 1861, and there is a family of two sons and four daughters.
, Greenbank Farm, Berwick. Mr. Robinson was born in Westmorland, England, in 1833, and landed at Port Chalmers by the ship “Tasmania,” in 1852, accompanied by his mother and two sisters. He first lived for some years at Caversham, Dunedin, and settled at Berwick in 1857, Mr. J. H. Wilson and he being the first settlers in the district. The land which is now, through cultivation and drainage, classed with the most fertile in New Zealand, was then, like other portions of the Taieri Plains in the pioneer days, a swamp covered with flax and Maori-heads, where wild pigs had run undisturbed until the advent of the settlers. Originally the district was known as Waipori Lake, but when the township was founded the Government gave it the name of Berwick, in remembrance of the town of that name in Scotland. Mr. Robinson has all along resided on his first selection, but has largely extended his original area, and runs several thousands of sheep, principally cross breds, on his adjoining station. His homestead is a handsome residence, beautifully situated, and surrounded by tasteful grounds; and there, after many years of toil and hard work, he now enjoys well earned ease. Mr. Robinson has devoted a large portion of his time to local affairs; and has been a member of the Taieri River, Henley and Waipori Road Boards, and of the school committee. He was the first settler to start banking the Waipori river, and to use steam power in getting rid of the drainage water between Henley and Berwick, owing to the want of fall. His mother, Mrs Robinson, died in 1888, aged eighty-four. Mr. Robinson married Miss Mackenzie, who arrived by the “Slains Castle,” in 1852, and, of a family of three daughters and six sons, two daughters and six sons are alive.
, Farmer. “Valleyfield,” Berwick. Mr. Shennan was born in Gulloway, Kirkcudbrightshire, Scotland, and came to New Zealand in 1858 by the ship “Gloucester,” accompanied by his wife and two children. He went up to the Dunstan to join his brother Mr. Watson Shennan, who owned a large station there, but left after a year to take up a farm at Woodside. Two years later he disposed of his property, and removed to Berwick, where he and his brother-in-law, Mr. Robert Charters, bought
, Farmer, Berwick. Mr. Twelftree was born in London in 1828, and engaged in clerical work in the office of Messrs Cook, Sons and Co., St. Paul's Churchyard, for several years. In 1850 he came to Otago on the second trip of the ship “Mariner,” and shortly after his arrival started to build a schooner at Anderson's Bay, and named it the “Endeavour.” It was his intention to trade around Dunedin, but finding it difficult to obtain spars he sold the hull to a merchant in the city. Attracted by the accounts of the Australian goldfields, Mr. Twelftree went to that country in a fifty-five ton schooner belonging to the late Mr. John Jones. He went to the Bathurst diggings, and he was for six months very lucky in getting gold, but owing to a sunstroke he was compelled to give up his prospects and return to New Zealand. Afterbeing some time in Dunedin Mr. Twelftree moved, in 1859, to Berwick, then known as Waipori Lake, and bought his present farm. During his long residence in the district he has filled many public office. He was clerk to the Berwick Road Board for seven years, and also for several years enumerator of the census and agricultural statistics of the district, and was complimented by the Warden at Milton for the satisfactory manner in which he performed his duties. Mr. Twelftree was also returning officer for the Licensing Committee of the Maungata district, and for the Maungatua riding of the county of Taieri, and was also for some time collector for the County Council. He was clerk of the school committee for many years, and chairman for thirty consecutive years, and in connection with his duties as such was presented on three different occasions with a watch, a clock, and a purse of sovereigns, Mr. Twelftree married Miss Dempster, who died in 1897, leaving a surviving family of ten, with thirty grandchildren.
, Farmer, “Rosebank,” Berwick. Mr. Wilson was born in Edinburgh, Scotland, in 1832, and served his articles as a solicitor; but finding the legal profession an uncongenial one, he entered, the service of the British Linen Company's Bank, at Haddington, where he remained two years. Being desirous of seeing more of the world than was bounded by the narrow horizon of a country bank, he came to Dunedin, in 1852, by the ship “Agra.” In the same year he settled at Berwick, where at first he carried on sheepfarming on the adjoining hills; but he afterwards sold his sheep, and kept cattle instead. He, however, remained in the district, but being unable to buy land owing to the failure of the New Zealand Company, he left for Dunedin, to enter the office of Messrs Macandrew and Co., as chief clerk. On the country lands being declared open for purchase, Mr. Wilson made the first selection in Otago, No. 1; it contained about 150 acres, and his home still stands on it. Mr. Wilson is, therefore, not only the pioneer of the Berwick district, but, in a sense, of rural settlement in Otago. He has never taken much part in public affairs, though he was for some years on the Maungatua and Berwick Road Boards; and was appointed a Justice of the Peace in 1894. Mr. Wilson married a young lady who had been a fellow passenger by the ship he came out in, and has had a family of seven sons and two daughters. Two of his sons and both of his daughters are married.
is situated nineteen miles south-west from Dunedin, and is in the county of Taieri. The Taieri river runs through the township, and in the summer time is a source of great pleasure to the residents and visitors. Otokaia is so situated that it has the shelter of the hills on one side, while on the other, the plains spread away for miles in the distance. Cyclists wheeling on the main south road pass through the township, and although there is no licensed house, light refreshments and accommodation can be obtained at moderate prices. Otokaia has a post and telegraph office, railway siding, and a public school.
, Farmer, “Cairnhill,” Otokaia, Otago, Mr. Blair was born in October, 1849, at Straiton Manse, Ayrshire, Scotland, where his father was parish minister. He came out to New Zealand in 1869, by the ship “William Davie,” and for four years after his arrival served as a cadet with his uncle, Mr. James B. Blair, at Brighton, Otago. In July, 1873, Mr. Blair bought his present property, where he has since resided. The estate comprises 1500 acres, all hilly land, and about 400 Border Leicester crossbred sheep are grazed. Twenty cows are also kept for dairying purposes, while about forty acres of land are laid down in crop. Mr. Blair was chairman of the Otokaia school committee for many years, and was a director and secretary of the Henley Dairy Factory. He was married in January, 1874, to a daughter of Mr. John Davey, of Brighton, Otago, and has a family of three sons and seven daughters. Mr. Blair's great-uncle. Dr. James McCosh, L.L.D., was at one time President of Princeton College, United States of America.
, sometime of Brighton, Otago, was born at Colmonell manse, Ayrshire, Scotland, where his father was parish minister, and came to New Zealand in 1849, by the ship “Cornwall.” Mr. Blair first started farming at Green Island, but afterwards sold out, and took up land at Otokaia, where he went in for cattle raising. Mr. Blair subsequently bought a large property at Brighton, where he resided up to the time of his death, in November, 1873. He left a widow, one son, and two daughters. Mr. Blair at all times took his share in public affairs, and was for a number of years a member of the Seaside Road Board.
, Farmer, Otokaia. Mr. Fleming was born in the parish of Alyth, Perthshire, Scotland, in 1826, and came to New Zealand in 1864, by the ship “Lady Milton.” He landed at the Bluff, but moved immediately to the Taieri Plain, where he took up a section of land at Shandfield, on a portion of the Shand estate. The land was practically a swamp, and after twenty years spent in its improvement Mr. Fleming gave up his lease and bought a property near Henley. Owing to floods he was not so successful at Henley as he had hoped to be, and he sold out his interest. In 1894 he leased his present farm, which contains 135 acres of rich grazing land, on which he carries on dairying and general farming. Mr. Fleming has taken a great interest in the prosperity of the district, especially with respect to drainage, and has always advocated the amalgamation of the various drainage and river boards of the Taieri, as a means to lessen expense and secure more satisfactory results. He was one of the initiators of the Henley River Board, which has been of great service to the district; was one of its members for years, and, after some years in retirement, was again elected in 1904. Mr. Fleming was also a member of the old Henley Road Board until its affairs were taken over and administered by the Taieri County Council. He has been a member of both the Otokaia and Henley school committees since his arrival in the district, and is an elder of the South Taieri Presbyterian church. Mrs Fleming, who accompanied him with a family of two to New Zealand, died in 1903, leaving eight children, of whom four sons and two daughters are married.
, Junior, Farmer, Leecreek Farm, Otokaia. Mr. Robinson is the eldest son of Mr. Robert Robinson, an old resident of Berwick. He was born at Forbury, Caversham, Dunedin, and educated first by a private tutor and subsequently at a public school. After leaving school he was engaged in farming with his father, but afterwards carried on a successful butchery business at Berwick. From this business he retired after two years of success, and was then contracting for over six years in the neighbourhood of Berwick. In 1892 he resumed farming, and now farms about 300 acres of the rich fertile flat land at Leecreek, Otokaia, and has, also, a sheep run of 3000 acres on the adjoining hills. Mr. Robinson has always taken an active interest in the local affairs of the district, and is chairman of the Henley River Board, and the Berwick Drainage and Domain Board. He is also president of the Berwick Caledonian Society, and was formerly a member of the Taieri County Council. Mr. Robinson was for fourteen years a member of the Berwick school committee, and for some years a volunteer in the Taieri Rifles. He married Miss Beattie, an old resident of Maungatua, who died in 1902, at the age of eighty-six years.
is a village situated on the Taieri river, twenty-one miles southwest by rail from Dunedin, and is the centre of a dairyfarming community. It is seen at its best during the summer season, when crowds of visitors take advantage of the excellent accommodation provided at the hotel, and the excursions which run down the river to the Taieri Mouth and Beach. A steam launch towing a flotilla of small boats
, Henley, Otago. This estate was first owned by Messrs E. B. Cargill, John Bathgate, and John Reid, but was subsequently acquired by Messrs James Mills. John Roberts, C.M.G., the Hon, George McLean and the National Mortgage Company. At first the estate comprised 7000 acres on the flat and 3000 acres on the hills, but since then it has been cut up, and is now held in separate lots by the present proprietors. Messrs Mills and Roberts' portion, of which Mr. John Stevenson is manager, contains 600 acres on the flat and 1200 acres on the hills. Only dairy farming is carried on; but 400 cows are grazed, and the milk is sent to the local factory. When the estate was in its entirety, 1200 cows were kept, and also a dairy and cheese factory; and about 225 tons of cheese were turned out yearly. When the present manager, Mr. John Stevenson, took charge of the Henley estate, it was considered a great feat for a man to cross the plain from the Taieri river to the Maungatua mountain. It was one sheet of water, above which appeared large tussocks called Maori-heads, and it was useful only as a resort for wild ducks and a fishing ground for eels. But as the result of a methodical system of drainage, carried out by Mr. Stevenson, the whole of the land within the bounds of the estate, with the exception of a few hundred acres, has been completely drained, and a richer soil it would be difficult to find. There are now upon the flat 300 miles of open ditches; the larger of which are 8 feet wide by 4 feet deep, and the smaller ones, 3 feet by 3 feet. These ditches lead the water into the Taieri river.
, J.P., Manager of Messrs Mills and Roberts' portion of the Henley estate, was born in Glasgow, Scotland, in 1840, and came out to New Zealand with his uncles. Messrs James B. Stevenson and Charles Stevenson, who arrived at Port Chalmers, in 1849, by the ship “Larkins.” He was brought up and educated at the Halfway Bush, but subsequently moved to the Taieri Plain, where his uncle took up some land. It was at this farm of his uncle's that Mr. Stevenson received his first practical lessons in agriculture afterwards he was manager of Messrs Campbell, Thompson and Co.'s Rockland station, at Deep Stream, where he remained for four years, when he left to take the management of two stations at Lake Wanaka and Lake Hawea, owned by the Scottish Trust Company, of Edinburgh, Scotland. In 1871 Mr. Stevenson was appointed manager of the Henley estate, where he has since remained, except during three years spent on a property near Waimate, Canterbury. In public life Mr. Stevenson has taken a prominent part, and has been a member of the Outram Road Board, chairman of the Henley River Board, president of the New Zealand Dairy Association, chairman of the Taieri Ferry school committee, and a member and judge of the Otago Agricultural and Pastoral Society. At present he is a member of the Maungatua Drainage Board. As a Freemason he belongs to Lodge Hfiram, Dunedin, No. 48, New Zealand Constitution. Mr. Stevenson was married, in 1864, to a daughter of Mr. William Barr, of Shandon, Dumbartonshire, Scotland, and has a grownup family of two sons and one daughter. Mrs Stevenson came out to New Zealand in 1863, in the ship “Victory.”
is a favourite summer resort, situated on the lake of the same name, and twenty-six miles south-west from Dunedin by rail. It is an ideal place at which to spend a summer vacation, for it has good hotel accommodation, besides private boarding houses; and the lake itself affords a great deal of enjoyment to those who have to spend most of the year in offices or shops. Pleasusre boats can be had for hire, and there is a steam launch for the convenience of ailing or convalescent tourists. Fishing is obtainable, but shooting is prohibited. All are free to bathe and swim, and the lake is a favourite with learners and non-swimmers, on account of its uniform depth. The district around the township is closely settled by small farmers, who engage largely in dairy-farming. Waihola has a flaxmill, dairy factory, store, recreation hall, public school and two churches, besides a post and telegraph office and railway station combined, and railway refreshment rooms for the convenience of through travellers.
, Farmer “Eaglescarnie,” Waihola. Mr. Adam was born in Renfrewshire, Scotland, in 1835. He was brought up in Haddingtonshire where, after his education was completed, he served a five years' apprenticeship with Mr. Thomas Whitson, engineer, and millwright. Hearing of the many advantages New Zealand offered to artisans, Mr. Adam decided to come out to the colony, which he did in 1856, and arrived at Port Chalmers by the ship Strathmore.” After a few months spent in road making in Dunedin, he found employment as a carpenter, and was engaged in the erection of many of the early buildings and private dwellinghouses in Dunedin. When the gold rush broke out Mr. Adam went to Gabriel's Gully, and was one of the earliest diggers on the field. In the meantime, on his advice, his father and the family came out to the colony, and after their arrival opened an accommodation house at Otokaia, where Mr. Thomas Adam joined them. The house became very popular among the diggers going to and returning from the goldfields, and the Government gold escort used to make it a stopping place for the changing of horses. Wishing to engage in farming, Mr. Adam bought some land at
, Farmer, “Craigie Lea,” Waihola. Mr. Craigie was born in the Orkney Islands in 1828, and came to Port Chalmers, in 1843, by the ship “Bernicia,” a few months after the arrival of the first two ships. Mr. Craigie's first employment in the colony was bush-felling at the Water of Leith. Dunedin, where there was a sawmill owned by Mr. Valpy. After three years in that gentleman's employment, Mr. Craigie, in partnership with two other men, bought a small coastal vessel, named the “Endeavour,” and commenced trading around the Otago coast. Subsequently, in conjunction with his step-brother, Mr. James Harold, Mr. Craigie ran a small boat, “The Brothers” up and down the Taieri river, and along the coast to the Molyneux river; but while trying to cross the Taieri mouth bar, “The Brothers” was lost. The partners then built another boat, which they named “The Hope, and traded successfully in her for a number of years. Wishing to lead a more settled life, Mr. Craigie retired from the sea, and started farming on some hilly ground on the southwestern side of the Taieri river about a mile from the Taieri Ferry bridge, where he has ever since had his home. With the help of a carpenter, Mr. Craigie built the house which he still occupies, and which is so situated as to command a sweeping view of the river and the surrounding country. Mr. Craigie was for a long time chairman of the Taieri Ferry school committee, and also a member of the Waihola Road Board; and in all matters pertaining to the welfare of the district he has always displayed the utmost zeal and attention. He has been married three times, the present Mrs Craigie being a daughter of Mr. Mackay, of Caithness-shire, Scotland. There is a surviving family of five sons and five daughters. Craigie Lea Farm contains about 900 acres, and Mr. Craigie has two other farms on the Plains which are managed by his sons. The fattening of sheep and raising of cattle are the principal industries, and Mr. Craigie's land is peculiarly fitted for these purposes.
, J.P., Waihola, Otago, was born in Dumfries-shire, Scotland, on the 12th of February, 1818, and brought up to an agricultural life on an estate in his native place. He came out to New Zealand, with his wife, in 1848, and arrived at Port Chalmers in the ship “Philip Laing.” From Port Chalmers the passengers were taken up to Pelichet Bay in a small boat, and, there being practically no landing place, Mr. Duff carried the passengers ashore on his back. After farming in a small way at Anderson's Bay for two years, Mr. Duff moved to Green Island, where he farmed for twelve years. In 1882, he bought his present property, and erected a stone dwellinghouse, which, with his wife, one of his daughters and one son, he still occupies. Mr. Duff took a trip to the Old Country in 1855, but shortly afterwards returned to the land of his choice. He has played a prominent part in public affairs, having in the past been a member of the Bruce County Council, the Clarendon Road Board, and the Waihola school committee. At the first agricultural show held in the Taieri—and subsequently at various other shows held throughout Otago—Mr. Duff filled the important and responsible position of judge; and owing to his thorough
Mr. John Boyd, of Edinburgh, and has a surviving grown-up family of three sons and four daughters.
are situated twenty-two and twenty-four miles respectively, in a south-westerly direction from Dunedin, and, being on the sea coast, command an extensive view of the Pacific Ocean. They are reached by coach, via Brighton, or by rail to Henley, thence by boat down the Taieri river. Muta Rata, an island opposite the mouth of the river, and which can be reached at low tide, was formerly a whaling station, and was frequented in the early days by the crews of Mr. John Jones and other captains of the whaling industry. Among the first settlers was a noted character, who was called the Hermit of Taieri Mouth, but was known better by the name of John Bull, his real name being John Edward O'Neil. Many parts of the Taieri river are named after this celebrity, and many stories are still told about his wonderful strength. For a wager he carried a cannon, weighing five hundredweight, from the Otago Heads to the Maori Kaike, and at another time he undertook to carry a sack of flour from Dunedin to Clutha, a feat he successfully accomplished. Taieri Mouth and Taieri Beach are very popular watering places in the summer season, as they furnish ample opportunities for bathing, fishing, boating and shooting. The fascinating game of golf is also much in vogue, and players make their links on the sands of the beach. Along the coast there are numerous cottages which may be rented for a reasonable sum, and accommodation can also be obtained at several farm houses. During the season a steam launch runs from Henley down the Taieri river for the convenience of holiday-seekers and picnic-makers, and the rugged scenery on the journey is well worth seeing. For the use of passengers and traffic across the Taieri river at the mouth, a punt is provided, and is large enough to accommodate a team and vehicle. Each place has a post office, telephone and telegraph bureau, a Presbyterian church, public school and library, and a hall for entertainment.
, Sawmiller, Taieri Mouth. Mr. Jeffrey was born at Tweed-mouth, Berwick-on-Tweed, England, in 1847, and served an apprenticeship to the engineering trade; subsequently he removed to London, where he worked as an engineer for ten years. Mr. Jeffrey came out to New Zealand, in 1879, by the ship “Thomas Stevens,” and found employment at the Government workshops, Hillside, Dunedin, where he remained for two years. Wishing to better himself, he went to Taieri Mouth, and, in partnership with Messrs Blatch and Joseph, established a sawmilling plant; afterwards he bought his partners' interest, and conducted the business in his own name. Mr. Jeffrey has about 200 acres of bush, and in the busy season he turns out 2000 feet of timber per day, chiefly red pine, which is shipped up the Taieri river to Titri, and then railed to Dunedin. He is a member of the Otago Lodge of Freemasons, No. 844, E.C. Mr. Jeffrey was married, in 1889, to a daughter of Mr. James Davidson, of Ahoghill, Glebe, County Antrim, Ireland.
, Farmer Taieri Beach. Mr. Milne was born in Cupar, Fifeshire, Scotland, in 1840, and during his youth served an apprenticeship to the pattern-making and joinery trade. He came to New Zealand in September, 1862, in the ship “Robert Henderson,” and was for two years engaged in the building trade in Dunedin. In 1864, Mr. Milne, with his parents, moved to Taieri Beach, and began farming. Mr. Milne's farm consists of 330 acres of freehold land, and 200 acres of leasehold, and he keeps about 600 Leicester and Merino crossbred sheep, the lambs of which are fattened for the market. From 1874 to 1876 he held the appointment of Inspector of Public Works, under the Provincial Government, and superintended the construction of bridges at Shag river, and at Inchclutha, Stirling; so well was the work carried out that both bridges are still (1904) standing, and seem likely to last for years to come. Mr. Milne is a member of the Taieri Beach
is on the main south railway line, thirty miles south-west from Dunedin, and four miles north of Waihola. It is a farming district, and the soil is extremely fertile. The Ewing Phosphate Works are situated within the district, and give employment to a number of men. There is a railway siding, which is used chiefly in connection with the transport of phosphate to Dunedin.
, Clarendon and Millburn; Head Office, 14 Crawford Street, Dunedin, Otago. This industry was established on the 1st of June, 1902, and in the course of the past two years, the output has increased so rapidly that at present (1904) the business is spoken of as being one of the leading industries of the colony. It also has the distinction of being the first enterprise of its kind in Australasia, and is owned by a small syndicate of Dunedin gentlemen. Mr. Ralph Ewing discovered the present quarries in 1901. As long ago as 1893 he discovered phosphate at Whare Flat, but on account of the locality being in accesible by rail, no work has been done there up to the present—1904. The present deposits are situated on the hills in the Horseshoe Bush estate, and the phosphate rock is brought down to the burning ground, a distance of about a mile, in trollies running on a single track. It is then stacked in kilns, from 150 to 250 tons, classified into various grades, the highest grade bearing 70 to 80 per cent, of phosphate; and is then put through the process to make it marketable. The Company's output is about fifty tons per day; the produce is railed to Dunedin, and disposed of to firms engaged in the manufacture of manure. The Company at present works three deposits; and the rock, varying from 10 feet to 30 feet in depth, and resting on a green sand bed, occurs over an area of two miles. About twenty men are employed in quarrying, trucking, and kiln-building, and the whole industry is under the personal supervision of Mr. Ralph Ewing. In 1900 Mr. Ewing took a trip to the United States of America, and remained there for nearly a year, visiting the phosphate fields in Tennessee and other States, and acquiring a general knowledge of the industry which he has since used with considerable success. Mr. Ewing's father, Mr. W. A. Ewing, an old colonist and highly-respected resident of Dunedin, was also connected with the discovery and development of the Company's quarries.
was originally laid out by the New Zealand Company. It contains about 26,000 acres, of which 20,000 acres are level. Two small rivers intersect the plain—which is eight miles long, and has an average width of four miles—and, joining, go to the sea through a gorge in the coast range. The land is a heavy clay loam, and considerable portions were originally swampy through rank vegetation and stagnant water. This, however, has been all done away with, and through lime and good management, the whole plain is now in a high state of cultivation. Under the original terms of purchase little progress was made, as the settlement was a considerable distance from Dunedin, with no roads, and the Taieri river to cross. In
is situated on the main south line, thirty-two miles south-west from Dunedin, and four miles north from Milton. Most of the land in the district is cultivated, and very large crops are obtained by the farmers, who are also extensive graziers. Millburn has a railway station, store and post office, a public school and a Presbyterian church. The district's chief industry, apart from agriculture and pasturage, consists in the Millburn Lime and Cement Works.
was erected many years ago, but in 1892 it was removed to its present site, enlarged and brought up to date. It is thirty-two miles south of Dunedin, and on the main south line of railway. Four trains running north, and a similar number running south, daily make it a stopping place. The business done at the station consists chiefly in despatching the products of the local lime works, which are situated near at hand. The station has a comfortable office, ladies' waiting and retiring rooms, and a large covered vestibule, also a goods shed, cattle yards, and loading bank.
, Stationmaster at Miliburn, was born at Green Island, Otago, in 1862, and educated at the Green Island school and Otago Boys' High School. He then entered the railway service, and was for four years in the goods department, Dunedin. Mr. Brown then took up some land at Edendale, but after spending about a year in agricultural work, and passing a short time with his uncle, the late Mr. James Shand, Taieri, he returned to the railway service, and, on the first vacancy, was appointed waggon-clerk at Dunedin. His next promotion was as signalman at Waitati, and later as porter at Pelichet Bay. In 1900 Mr. Brown was appointed stationmaster at Waipahi, and was promoted to his present position on the 31st of July, 1902. He was married, in 1896, to Miss Florence Dunn, of Footscray, Melbourne, and has a family of two sons.
(James Sutherland and John Sutherland, proprietors), Millburn. This estate is a freehold property of 2,900 acres, all undulating land, and suitable chiefly for sheep grazing. About 1,800 Border Leicester crossbred sheep are depastured, and the proprietors also carry on cattle raising, and the breeding of light horses and ponies.
, Of Berriedale Farm, Millburn, was born in Caithness-shire. Scotland, on the 23rd of March, 1836, and was brought up to a pastoral life. He came out to New Zealand in 1836, in the ship “Strathmore,” and for six months after his arrival was engaged on Mr. John Sidey's estate, at Caversham. Afterwards he was for two years engaged as a shepherd on Mr. John. Borton's Maerewhenua station, Duntroon. When the gold diggings broke out, Mr Sutherland took part in the Lindis rush, but after several weeks' work, having secured only a quarter of an ounce of gold, he moved to Gabriel's Gully, where he was a little more fortunate. Subsequently, he was engaged in carting to the diggings, but a little later bought his present property and started farming, which he has since carried on most successfully. Mr. Sutherland has been an energetic man in all public affairs pertaining to the welfare of the district, and was a member of the Millburn and Waipori Road Boards, and also of the Circle Hill and Millburn school committoes. He is also
, Farmer, “Berrington Farm,” Millburn. Mr. Grey was born in Dunedin in 1853, and was educated at the Millburn and Milton public schools. He joined his father, the late Mr. J. G. Grey, on the home farm, and subsequently succeeded to the estate. The property consists of 380 acres, and mixed farming is carried on. Mr. Grey is a large Breeder of purebred Border Leicester sheep, and for this purpose 300 ewes—originally imported by the late Mr. George Murray from Lord Polwarth'e celebrated flock, are kept. Mr. Grey has recently imported several rams from Lord Polwarth's flock, and is the possessor of innumerable pedals, silver cups, trophies, and other prizes, which his flock have won for him at various agricultural shows held throughout New Zealand. As a breeder, he ia held in high esteem throughout the South Island. and he has been most successful in disposing of several flocks of long wool sheep in the Sydney market. Mr. Grey is chairman of the-Millbura school committee, president of the Farmers' Union, and a member of the committee of the Farmers' Club. He was married, in July, 1902, to a daughter of Mr. Matthew Henderson, of Millburn.
, sometime of Millburn, was born in Berwickshire, Scotland, in 1822, and came to New Zealand in 1848, by the ship “Philip Laing.” Shortly after his arrival, he engaged in running a boat service from Port Chalmers to Dunedin, and was afterwards employed as a shepherd in Central Otago, on Mr. Donald Reid's station at Hindon, and at Mount Misery. When the gold diggings broke out, Mr Grey bought his farm at Millburn, and divided his time between farming and carting to the diggings, receiving as high as £60 per ton for freight. He was a member of the Tokomairiro Road Board, and was for several years clerk to the Millburn school committee. Mr. Grey was married, in 1849, to a daughter of the late Mr. Rogers, of Dunedin, and at his death left a surviving family of eight sons and three daughters.
, Farmer, “Runnymede,” Millburn. Mr. Grey was born on his late father's farm at Millburn, in 1868, and received his education at the Millburn and Milton schools. He was brought up to farming, and subsequently he and two of his brothers took up a leasehold property, which they farmed successfully for six years, Mr. Grey bought his present proeprty in 1892, but leased it shortly after-wards to accept the position of foreman of the local Lime and Cement Works. After three years spent in that capacity, he returned to his farm, where he has since remained. The property consists of 140 acres of freehold, on which about 300 Border Leicester crossbreds are kept, and mixed farming is carried on. Mr. Grey is attached to the Court Pride of Foresters, Milton, and he is also a member of the Farmers' Union and of the Millburn school committee. He was married, in 1892, to Miss Jeannie Robertson, of Waihola, but his wife died in October, 1903, leaving one son end two daughters.
, Farmer, “Burabrae,” Mill' burn. Mr. Grey is a son of the late Mr. J. G, Grey, an early settler on the Tokomairiro Plain, and was born at Millburu in 1864 After his education was completed at the Millburn and Milton schools, he joined his father on the home farm, and subsequently leased his present properly, the freehold of which came to him usder the forms of his father's will. “Burabrae” consists of 100 acres, which is devoted to sheep-farming, and carries upwards of 200 Border Leicester crossbreds. Mr. Crrey is a member of the Farmers' Union, president of the Tokomairiro Farmers' Club, and at one time served on the
is a prosperous town, situated thirty-six miles south-west from Dunedin, on the main south line It dates from the year 1860, when Mr. W. H. Mansford bought half an acre of land, and built a store, on the frontage of Elderlee, and twenty-five acres of land were subdivided by Mr. Peter McGill. Previous to this, Mr. McGill's flour mill had been in operation, where the present highly-improved mill stands. Under the impetus of the diggings, Milton made such progress that it was proclaimed an incorporated town in 1866, and a mayor and council were elected. The new local administration started the work of improvement, and in March, 1807, Milton was visited by the Governor, Sir George Grey. It has all along made steady progress, and is known as one of the cleanest and most complete towns in New Zealand. This is very much owing to its never having fallen into debt, and to its having all its means to expend on improvements. Milton now has about 1500 inhabitants, and the rates have never exceeded one shilling on the annual value to let. The town has many large and handsome public buildings, which include Presbyterian, Anglican, Roman Catholic, and Wesleyan churches; two public halls, one of which, the Coronation Hall, was erected at a cost of £3,500. Milton has woollen mills, flour mills, a brewery, a fellmongery, brick works, pottery works, and a bacon factory. It has also two banks, an agricultural and pastoral society, a bi-weekly newspaper, a post and telegraph office, and a courthouse. There are four hotels in the town Milton has a District High School, and there is a private school, under the supervision of the Dominican nuns. A large poultry farm has been for some time established in the neighbourhood by the Government. The roads around the town are level and excellent for cycling. The Tokomairiro river is well stocked with trout; and the neighbour-hoed affords rabbit-shooting for sportsmen.
, ex-Member for Bruce, is the eldest son of Mr. Archibald Anderson, of the Hermitage, Stirling, and was born in Otago in 1848. He was educated at the Dunedin High school, and at the age of twenty leased from his father 2000 acres, which he changed from its virgin condition to a high state of cultivation, when it reverted to the lessor. Mr. Anderson then engaged in antimony mining at Waipori, and in quartz-reefing on the Carrick Itaages. In 1885, at the request of a large number of the electors of Bruce, he contested that seut against several other candidates, amongst whom was Mr. Donald Reid, junior, or Milton, who won by thirty-one votes. At the general election of 1887, Mr. Anderson contested the constituency again, and defeated his former opponent by thirty-one votes, the precise majority which Mr. Itaid had had in 1885. Mr. Anderson did not contest the seat at the next election, and has over since been engaged in farming at Inehelutha.
bas an area of 264 acres, and a population of 1,500 persona, 340 of whom arc ratepayers. The rateable value is £7,800, with a general rate of two shillings in the pound; the annual revenue, £1,000. The town is lighted with kerosene, and many of the public buildings and business establishments by acetelyne gas. Water is obtained from spring wells and rain water. Members of the Council for 1904: Mr. William Moore (Mayor), and Messrs James Lockhart, Frederick Bastings, William Taylor, Robert Robertson, James B. Scanlan, William Murphy, Charles King, Archibald McKechnie, and Charles Grey (Councillors), Mr. B. M. Brookes is Town Clerk. The Council holds its meeting in the Coronation Hall.
, is a native of County Derry, Ireland, where he was born in 1848. He was educated in his native place, and served an apprenticeship as a storekeeper. In 1868 he came to New Zealand in tin ship “E. P. Boxiverie,” and landed at Port Chalmers. Mr. Moore went at once to Milton, and was engaged with Mr. James Adam, of Bon Accord farm, for twelve months, and for a subsequent period of three years he worked for Captain Scott in the same district. In 1872, Mr. Mtoore started in business with Mr. H. H. Marryatt, under the style of Marryatt and Moore, storekeepers. Pour years later this partnership was dissolved, and Mr. Moore singly carried on the store until 1684, when he bought the business of the late Mr. Peter
, once Mayor of Milton, has resided in the borough since 1873. He is landlord of the White Horse Hotel, one of the oldest hostelries in the district. Mr. Bastings is known throughout Otago as one of the most versatile amateur comedians, that has ever appeared upon the boards of the province. He is an excellent ventriloquist and an inimitable mimic. His services and talents have always boon given in the cause of charity, and a local entertainment without his assistance would be like fish without sauce. Hr. Bastings is the fifth son of Mr. W. Bastings, late of Northcote, Victoria, and was born in Islington, London, in 1843. Accompanied by his father and brothers, he arrived in Victoria by the ship “Slams Castle,” Captain Andrews, in 1851. He was educated at the Model National Training school, Melbourne, and at the early ago of nineteen, he arrived in Otago, during the great gold “rash” at Gabriel's Gully. Mr. Bastings followed the occupation of miner at Queenstown and the Arrow, and subsequently revisited Victoria. He eventually returned to New Zealand, and became successively proprietor of the Commercial Hotel, Lawrence, and the Kaiwanra Hotel, Cromwell, and in 1873 he became landlord of the White Horse Hotel, Milton. Mr. Bastings has been a member of the Domain Board, is an ex-chairman of the school and Athenæum committees, and is president and secretary of the Bowling Club. He is a Freemason and an ex-officer of Lodge St. John, 461, S.C., Milton. In 1868, he was married to Miss Vickory, of Victoria.
, who has for various terms occupied a seat on the Milton Borough Council, is the eldest son of Mr. John King (late Inspector of Permanent Way, in. the employment of the Great Eastern Railway Company), and was born in, Hertfordshire, England, in 1818. He was educated at Stratford, near London, whore he learnt the trade of a plumber and afterwards worked as journeyman for two railway companies, namely, the Loadon-Tilbury and South End, and Great Eastern. In 1874 Mr. King emigrated to Otago by the ship “Buckinghamshire,” and worked at his trade in Dunedin and Milton for nearly two years. In the course of time he entered business on his own account at Milton, where he still carries cm a successful trade, Mr. King erected the plant for the Milton and Stirling dairy factories, and carried out the plumbing contracts in connection with the Milton Presbyterian church, flour and woollen mills, etc. He has taken a prominent part in furthering
, who was twice successively Mayor of Milton, is an old Australian and New Zealand gold seeker. He was born in the County of Limerick, Ireland, in 1838, and is the youngest son of Mr. Patrick Bcanian, fanner, of Loughill. He was educated at the Mount Trenehard national school, and afterwards worked on his father's farm until 1861, when he emigrated to Melbourne by the ship “Red Jacket. Mr. Scanlan was mining at the Jordan diggings and at Walahalla, in Gippsland, where at first he was very successful, but, as with thousands of others, his luck deserted him. About 1866 he came over to Hokitika, and became interested in the Auckland Lead Claim, which proved very rich. He afterwards proceeded to the Orepuki “rush,” in Southland, but did not meet with great success. Mr. Scanlan settled in Milton in 1869. He worked on Miller's Flat, but eventually started in business as a wool scourer and follmouger with Mr. John Tobin. Ere long Mr. Scanlan became sole proprietor, and he bus continued to follow the occupation. Mr. Scanlan revisited Ireland and England in 1886, and in 1891 he made a trip to Victoria and New South Wales, Upon his return to the Tokomairiro district, he commenced farming in the neighbourhood of Fairfax, and also acquired the Louisville Grange and Helensbrook farms, which he works in conjunction with his occupation of wool buyer, etc, Mr. Scanlan is a large shipper of wool to London, and during 1898 he shipped 600 bales from Dunedin and Milton, Besides taking an active interest in municipal affairs, Mr. Scanlan has also identified himself with the woollen and pottery industries of Milton. He was a shareholder in the Milton pottery, and is a director of the nowly established woollen mill, which has proved a pronotiseed success, and a direct benefit to the residents of Tokomatriro district In 1878 Mr. Scanlan married Mary, daughter of Mr. Keogh, County Kilkenny, Ireland, and their offspring consists of four sons and one daughter.
, Town Clerk, Treasurer, and Returning Officer for the Borough of Milton, was born in the Tokouiairiro district in the year 1864. He is the youngest son of Mr. Thomas Brookes, who was town clerk of Milton until his death in December, 1886, and was succeeded by his son, the present occupant of the office. Mr. K. M. Brookes was educated at the Toko mairiro High School under the late rector, Mr. William Malcolm, and the present rector, Mr. James Reid. He is an enthusiastic musician, and was for four years honorary conductor of the Milton Brass Band. Mr. Brookes is also secretary of the Tokomairiro Athenæum and clerk to the Tokomairiro Domain Board, and has been Right Worshipful Master of St. John's Masonic Lodge, Scottish Constitution.
is bounded on the north by the Taieri and Waipori rivers, and on the south by the river Clutha. Within it are the boroughs of Milton and Kaitangata, and it has an area of about 230,000 acres. The district was one of the first settled in Otago, and the greater part of the land is in small holdings. Mineral wealth abounds, as well as rich soil. The Kaitangata coal mine is within the county, and so are the Millbum lime works. Iron stone has been found in the Table Hill district, and gold dredges work on the Tokomairiro river. There are potteries and brick kilns, and woollen mills within the county, of which Mr. Henry Clark was chairman from the inception of the Counties Act of 1877 until he resigned on the 4th of November, 1902; and Mr. Alexander Nelson has from the first held office as county clerk and inspector of works.
controls the finances of the districts of Balmoral, Clarendon, Waihola, Tokomairiro, Glenledi, Kaitangata, Crichton, and Matau, which cover and area of 503 square miles. There is a population of 4,762, and 1,021 are ratepayers. The total capital value amounts to £1,055,823, and the unimproved value is £977,703. There are 1,156 rateable properties. The rates vary in the several ridings and amount to one penny, three-fourths, three-eighths, three-sixteenths, and one-twelfth of a penny in the pound. The Council meets at its office, in Milton, on the first Tuesday of the month, at 11 a.m.; but the office, in charge of the assistant clerk, is open every day in the week for the despatch of ordinary husmega, Mr. Nelson, clerk and engineer, attends at the office every Tuesday and Friday. Members for 1904: Mr. Peter Haggart (chairman), and Messrs John M. Begg, David Bryce, William Noble, Joseph Mosley, John Adam, George T. Martin, and James Crane. Mr. Alexander Nelson is clerk
, J.P., Clerk and Engineer to the Bruce. County Council, resides at Loveli's Flat. He is the eldest son of Mr. James Nelson, who was formerly connected with the great firm of Holdsworth Bros. and Co., iron and colliery proprietors, Lanarkshire, Scotland, and was born in Wishaw, Lanarkshire, in 1840. Mr. Nelson was educated partly at a private school, and partly at the schools established by the Holdsworth Bros.' firm, which supplied means for the further education of their employees. Mr. Nelson sailed from London, by the barque “Geelong” (Captain Wallace), and after a voyage which occupied 139 days, he arrived at Port Chalmers in 1862. He settled in the Tokomairiro district, and purchased a furm at Lovell's Flat, and also engaged in road contracting. For some years he held the appointment of clerk and inspector to various road boards, and on the formation of the counties in 1877 he was transferred to his present position, Mr. Nelson was married, in 1888, to a daughter of Mr. Adam Pringle, of Whitburn, Linlithgow, Scotland, and has one son and three daughters. He is session clerk of the Lovell's Flat church, and was made a Justice of the Peace in 1897.
, J. P., formerly a Member of the Bruce County Council and sometime a member of the Otago Provincial Council, is one of the oldest settlers residing in the Tokomairiro district. He was born in 1820, at his fathers homestead, near Dornoch, the county town of Sutherlandshire. Mr. Murray was brought up a carpenter, and followed his trade in England and Scotland. In 1819 he arrived at Port Chalmers by the barque “Cornwall,” Captain William Dawson, from London. The vessel did not some direct to its final destination, but called at New Plymouth and “Wellington, in order to land passengers, etc. The medical superintendent of the ship was Dr. Donald, who after wards settled at Lyttelton. Mr. Murray worked at his trade at Dunedin, and in the Taieri and Tokomairiro districts until 1855, when he purchased one of the first sections of land at Clarksville under the land regulations of the Otago Provincial Government, which sold these sections at the upset price of 10s per acre, on the condition that the purchaser should spend £2 per acre in improvements, within a period of two years of purchase. Mr. Murray subsequently increased his area to 600 acres, which he farmed till 1895, when he disposed of his land and acquired a smaller property adjacent to the township of Milton, where he is now renting after a long and honourable career as a pioneer setter. As early as 1866 he was elected a member of the Otago Provincial Council, in which he sat for four years. He became a member of the Bruce County Council in 1878, and was a member of the Tokomairiro Road Board for several years; and he was elected one of the first members of the local school committee under, the Otago Education Act of 1856. For a number of years he acted as an elder of the Milton Presbyterian church, and was on the building committee during the erection of the first and second buildings, which have been superseded by the present beautiful church, which is an ornament to the township of Milton and a credit to the congregation and to the architect (Mr. Lawson.) Mr. Murray was married in 1862 to Miss Mary Esson, of Aberdeenshire, Scotland, and three sons were born of the marriage. Mrs. Murray died in 1870, and in 1877 Mr. Murray married Miss Mary Jamieson.
, Milton. In the early days of Milton and Toko-mairiro, the postal service was carried on under the supervision of a local storekeeper, and this state of things existed until about 1868, when a somewhat unsightly and primitive building was erected; and became neither ornamental to the town, nor creditable to the Postal Department. The office was opened under the charge of Mr. James Ferguson, who was succeeded by Mr. Frank Teesdale and Mr. R. C. Black; and Mr. Black was succeeded in August, 1904, by Mr M. J. Staunton.
, Postmaster, and Registrar of Births, Deaths and Marriages at Milton, was born in Victoria in 1856. He arrived in Dunedin with his parents in 1863, was educated in that city, and became a cadet in the training gallery of the post office at Wellington in November, 1872. After three months' service he was transferred to Cromwell, where he remained one year. He was then telegraphist at Mosgiel for five years, was subsequently stationed at Timaru, Dunedin and the Bluff, Clyde, Manaia, and Waipawa, whence he was promoted to Milton, where he took charge on the 16th of August, 1904. Mr. Staunton was president of the Clyde Sports Club and did duty as handicapper and starter, and was also president of the Vincent County Cycling Club.
, formerly Postmaster, Registrar of Births, Marriages, and Deaths at Milton, joined the service of the Great Westorn Railway Company at London, in 1865, and the General Post Office in 1869, and when the Government purchased the English Telegraph Companies in 1870, Mr. Black was transferred to that department. He arrived, in 1872, at Wellington, where he joined the
. This station was opened for traffic on the 1st of September, 1875, under the charge of Mr. James Gibb, who long held the time record as an officer-in-charge in the provincial district of Otago. The station is second-grade, and possesses the usual public offices, waiting-rooms, store-rooms, etc. The goods shed has appliances for loading and unloading five trucks at a time, and it and the engine sheds are well adapted for the requirements of the traffic. Oatmeal, flour, wool, pottery, grain, stock, and dairy produce constitute the outgoing traffic, and the incoming goods comprise coal, lime, and general merchndise. The traffic of goods and passengers is very large at this station, and it is the depot for despatching and receiving freight and passengers for the Lawrence branch. Since the station was opened the general traffic has quadrupled itself; the yards have had to be extended and altered, and an overhead bridge has been erected for the convenience of foot passengers. A windmill and two hot-air engines are used for supplying the necessary water for the engines, etc. The present staff consists of the stationmaster, a clerk, a cadet, and three porters. Mr. Henry Pearce is the stationmaster.
, formerly Stationmaster at Milton, is the youngest son of the late Mr. George Gibb, farm manager, and was born at Broxburn, in the parish of Uphall, Linlithgowshire, Scotland, in 1833. In 1856, Mr. Gibb joined the service of the Edinburgh and Glasgow Railway Company, with which he remained until that company amalgamated with the North British Railway Company, in the service of which he continued until 1872. He came to Port Chalmers by the ship “Margaret Galbraith.” Mr. Gibb accepted employment under the New Zealand Railway Department in 1875. He was appointed first stationmaster at Milton, and held the position with credit and satisfaction to all concerned until he retired from the service. He now resides in Dunedin. In 1889, Mr. Gibb was married at Dalkeith, Scotland, to a daughter of Mr. Wells, merchant, of Monte Video, South America. Their family consists of four surviving children.
, formerly Inspector of Permanent Way, New Zealand Railways, at Milton, became associated with the Public Works Department and New Zealand Railways in 1871. He was born in 1836, at Glenurquhart, in the picturesque and historic county of Inverness, in Scotland. After leaving school, Mr. Chisholm was apprenticed to the trade of carpenter and joiner, and worked at that calling in Scotland until 1860, when he sailed for Port Chalmers by the ship “Storm Cloud.” Shortly after arrival he settled in the Tokomairiro district, where he followed the trade of builder and miner. He was one of those who took up the second claim at Gabriel's Gully, and it proved a good one. In the year 1872, he accepted an appointment with the Public Works Department, and became inspector over the contract of Messrs Brogden and Sons for the construction of the Tokomairiro section. When the line was opened for traffic in 1875, he joined the New Zealand Railway Department, and was appointed Inspector of Permanent Way at Milton—a position which he filled with success. About 1863, Mr. Chisholm was married to Elsie, daughter of Mr. James Grant, Craiggon, Granton, Inverness-shire. He has now retired from the public service, but still (1904) resides at Milton.
In the provincial days a grammar school was established at Tokomairiro, and was conducted first by Mr. Ross, and afterwards by Mr. Malcolm. It was during Mr. Malcolm's time that the erection of the present fine stone building was begun. The school was opened in March, 1880, by members of the Education Board and Professors Black and Shand, of the Otago University. From the first the new school has been under Mr. Reid's charge. There is a department for woodwork, and another for agricultural chemistry under the Technical Education Act. In the infant department, kindergarten training has been carried on for several years by the matron, Miss McLaren. The school has about 300 pupils, about fifty of whom attend the upper classes, from which year by year members matriculate and find their way into the professions. Tokomairiro district high school has also supplied a large number of pupils to the mining school in Dunedin. The present staff consists of Mr. James Reid (rector), Mr. Parker McKinlay (first assistant), Miss McLaren (matron), and four other teachers—three females, and one male.
, Rector of the Tokomairiro District High School, was born in Carmyllie, Forfarshire, in 1838. He received his early education at a side school near his native parish, and obtained such other instruction as enabled him to take up the work of teaching at the High School of Arbroath, to which he walked every day a distance of about seven miles. When nineteen years of age he was appointed teacher to a school in his native parish, of which the Rev. John Gow, formerly of St. Andrew's, Dunedin, and now of Opotiki, Bay of Plenty, was the pastor, and from whom, during the three years he taught this school, he received much kindness and weekly lessons that enabled him to take a Queen's scholarship at Moray House Training School, Edinburgh. After being in training there for over two years and receiving his Government certificate as a trained teacher, he became master of the school at weed-mouth, North of England, where he remained for about three years. Returning to Edinburgh, he taught for over two years in one of Dr. Begg's schools, from which, by the appointment of Mr. Graham, then acting rector of Moray House Training College, and Dr. Morrison, of the Training College, Glasgow, he came out to New Zealand to be first assistant under Mr. McRae, of the High School, Auckland. He landed in Auckland in June, 1865, and took up his duties. After teaching in Auckland for three years and six months, his voice failed him, and he went to the Thames goldfield, then just opened, and, having acquired a knowledge of gold amalgamation, was appointed battery manager to the Whau Goldmining Company. Mrs. Reid, a daughter of Mr. William Swanson, merchant of Thurso, to whom he had been married in Auckland, accompanied him to the Thames, along with their two children, Bessie, now Mrs. Smith, of the Bush, Stirling, and James, at present minister at Waitahuna, and roughed it by living in tents and huts on the upper Moanataiari. After being three years on the Thames, Mr. Reid, under the advice of the late Dr. John Hislop, removed to Otago in January, 1871, purposing again to take up his profession as a teacher. He was teacher at Taieri Beach school for six months, at Waihola for about three years, and at North East Valley for five years and six months. During his stay at the North East Valley, he had the opportunity of attending classes in the evening at the University, particularly those under Dr. Black and Dr. Shand, and so obtained the more efficient equipment for the position he now holds. In January, 1880, under the recommendation of Inspector Petrie, Mr. Reid was appointed rector of the Tokomairiro District High School, and has now filled the position for twenty-four years. Being of a mechanical turn, and having gained a considerable knowledge of chemistry, Mr. Reid started classes in woodwork and agricultural chemistry in 1885, and has the credit of being the first in Otago, if not in New Zealand, to open technical classes in connection with the Government schools.
, M. A., First Assistant Master of the Tokomairiro District High School, was born at Inchclutha, in 1873. He was educated at Stirling public school, where he afterwards served a pupil teachership of four years, and he studied for two years at the Normal Training College, Dunedin, where he took a D certificate with special mention in six subjects. Mr. McKinlay was a student at the Otago University for four years, and gained his B. A. degree in 1895, together with a scholarship in physical science, and took his M. A. with second-class honours in electricity and magnetism in the following year. He was appointed to the Port Chalmers school as third assistant master in 1896, and two years later received the appointment of First Assistant Master in the Oamaru Middle School, whence, after three years' efficient service, he was promoted to his present position. Mr. McKinlay takes a keen interest in the school games, and is an enthusiastic officer in the Cadet Corps. He is now classified A2.
, B. A., formerly First Assistant of the Tokomairiro High School, and now (1904) First Assistant at Morning ton, Dunedin, was born at Pigeon Bay, Banks Peninsula, Canterbury, on the 22nd of June, 1868. He was educated at the Oamaru Grammar school and the Oamaru South school, and at the Dunedin High School, where he held junior and senior Education Board scholarships from 1881 to 1885. He matriculated in 1885, and attended the Otago University from 1887 to 1890, when he gained his B. A. degree. Mr. Watters became a pupil teacher at Kensington public school in 1887, and continued there till 1890. He was appointed second assistant in the Oamaru South school in 1891, and was there till 1896, when he was appointed first assistant in the Tokomairiro district high school. Mr. Watters was lieutenant in the Bruce Rifles, and honorary secretary of the South Otago Cricket Association. He was married on the 24th of January, 1894, to Kate, daughter of Mr. William Hannah, Maitland Street, Dunedin, and they have two children.
was erected in 1875, and stands on six acres of land in the Government township of Fairfax, about a mile from Milton. The building, which is of wood, is divided into two lofty, classrooms, well-lighted, heated, and ventilated.
, Headmaster of the Fairfax district school, was born in Victoria, Australia. He was trained for his profession, and with several other teachers came over to New Zealand in 1879. On his arrival he was appointed first assistant at the Riverton school, where he remained for two years and a half, before becoming assistant master at the Milton High School. After holding that position for eleven years, Mr. Mahoney was promoted to first assistant of the Green Island school, but two years later he gave up his profession for a time, to take up a new line of work. However, in 1894, he returned to teaching, and after two years at the Pine Hill school, was appointed to his present position at Fairfax. Mr. Mahoney is a member of the St. John's Lodge of Freemasons, No. 401. Scottish Constitution, Milton. He has taken an active part in volunteering, and has held a comission as captain of the Green Island corps; and is at present captain of the Fairfax School Cadet Corps. Mr. Mahoney was married, in 1884, to a daughter of the late Rev. Andrew Bett, of Mornington, Dunedin, and has, surviving, a family of five sons and four daughters.
, which has been in existence for about thirty-one years, includes Waihola, Balclutha, and Owaka; at each of these places there is a church free from debt; and a new church is being (1904) erected at Kaitangata. From the time of the Gabriel's Gully rush until the appointment of Bishop Moran, Milton was visited by a priest from Lawrence, but about 1868 a wooden church was erected, which was replaced by a brick building in 1892; and a substantial brick presbytery was built in 1885. The Dominican nuns were introduced in 1891, and occupied what had been a private residence in the extensive grounds purchased for them, until a new brick convent was opened for them in 1901. When the present rector was appointed, in 1884, only the site of the presbytery belonged to the Catholic body, but now the church owns property, valued at £6,000, in the parish.
, Priest in charge of the parish of Milton, was born in Limerick, Ireland, and came to New Zealand in 1881. He was the first priest ordained by Bishop Moran in the diocese of Dunedin, and took charge of the parish of Milton in 1884.
has been in existence since 1866, but even prior to that period, the resident farmers used to meet for the purpose of discussing agricultural subjects, arranging ploughing matches, and otherwise helping each other. The original promoters included Messrs George Lindsay, James Inglis, Robert Murray, William Tweedie, James Drinna, David Paton, James Goodall, John Hislop, J. L. Gillies, William Gray, J. M. Bryce, and John Macfarlane. The first president was Mr. John Dewe, sometime Resident Magistrate at Milton, and afterwards a minister of the Anglican Church. He died, in harness, some years ago. The office of secretary has been filled successively by Messrs Thomas Muir, John Church, J. S. Fleming, J. A. Henderson, J. C. Gordon, James Inglis, Alexander Campbell, David Tweedie, and again by Alexander Campbell. Meetings are held every month at Milton; the membership is increasing, and the club is in a flourishing condition.
, formerly President of the Tokomairiro Farmers' Club, is the fifth son of one of the pioneers of the Tokomai iro district, and was born in 1867, and educated at the Milton High School. He assisted his father until the death of the latter, and then he and his youngest brother succeeded to the Moneymore Estate at South-bridge. Mr. Martin was president of the Tokomairiro Farmers' Club from 1896 to 1898. While he was president, the Bruce County, under his management, carried off first honours at the Dunedin winter show, for the best and most comprehensive collections of farm and dairy produce, exhibited by any one county. He is now (1904) a member of Bruce County Council.
, Music Teacher, Milton. Mr. Morrison was born in Symington, Ayrshire, Scotland, in 1861. When about five years of age he began to study music, and studied the tonic sol-fa system under Mr. Harvey, choirmaster of the United Presbyterian Church, Kilmarnock, and finished under Professor Miller, of Glasgow. He studied the violin under Mr. McAlpine and Messrs Jukes and Cole, of Glasgow; the banjo and guitar under Mr. Jukes, and the piano under Mr. Robertson, organist to Mr. Holdsworth Coodham. His secular education was carried on at the Glasgow Free Church Normal school and the Glasgow University. In 1886, on account of ill-health, Mr. Morrison came to New Zealand and taught music in Dunedin for two years. He then took an appointment under the Wellington Education Board, but after a year returned to Dunedin, and then went to Alexandra South, where he formed the Alexandra Orchestral Society of twenty members, now in a flourishing condition.
, Milton. About 1862 the Provincial Government of Otago erected a courthouse and police barracks on the site of the High School, but in 1893 the present handsome brick building was erected. The first Resident Magistrate was Mr. Musgrave, who was succeeded by Mr. John Dewe. Then came Mr. J. P. Maitland, afterwards Commissioner of Crown Lands for Otago, and then Mr. Carew, who, later on, became Resident Magistrate at Dunedin, where he interpreted law and administered justice till shortly before his death, which took place on Sunday, the 28th of August, 1904. Milton is now included in the district served by Mr. R. S. Hawkins, S. M., who has his headquarters at Lawrence.
, Solicitor, Milton. Mr. Reid is the eldest son of the late Mr. Charles Reid, one of the pioneer settlers of Otago, and he has identified himself all round with the life of the community since he commenced to practise in Milton in 1874. In 1885, he successfully contested the Bruce seat against Messrs Crawford Anderson, James McDonald and William Hutchison, but was defeated at the next election by Mr. Anderson. Mr. Reid was first elected mayor of Milton in 1879, and occupied the position for two successive years. He was elected again in 1894, and held the position till 1898, when, he visited England. Mr. Reid, who was an enthusiastic volunteer and a crack rifle shot, commanded the Bruce Rifles for several years, and he now holds the long service and imperial medals. He was married, in 1885, to Alice, daughter of Mr. Francis C. Fulton, late of Napier, Hawke's Bay. Prior to leaving Milton for Europe, the burgesses and settlers of the district entertained Mr. Reid at a public banquet, at which they presented him with an illuminated address and a handsome travelling bag, as tokens of the esteem in which he was held by all classes of the community.
, M.B., Ch. (Edin.), Milton. Dr. Sutherland was born at Lochend, East Taieri, and is the youngest son of the late Mr. John Sutherland, who arrived in Otago early in 1851. He was educated at the Dunedin High school and Otago University. He graduated at Edinburgh University, and practised in Cumberland, England, and at West Calder in Midlothian, Scotland, before returning to New Zealand. Dr. Sutherland commenced practice at Milton in December, 1893. In 1898 he was elected a member of the Milton Borough Council, and surgeon to the local lodge of Oddfellows, and in 1899 surgeon to the natives at Henley, etc. He is a member of Lodge St. John, 461, Scottish Constitution.
, Union Street, Milton. The bank building is one storey in height, built of brick, and contains the usual offices and strong room, the public office being one of the largest in any country bank in Otago. The staff consists of the manager, accountant, ledger-keeper, and junior clerk. The branch is equipped with a complete gold melting and assay plant and is the receiving office of the National Bank for the Otago goldfields.
, Manager of the National Bank of New Zealand, Ltd., Milton, was born at Kaitangata in 1866, and
was educated at Balclutha. After spending about eighteen months on his father's farm at Stirling, he entered the service of the Bank at Balclutha in March, 1883. Four
, Builder and Undertaker, Union Street, Milton. Bankers, Bank of New Zealand. This large and thriving business was originally established in 1862 by Mr. James Dickson, who retired into private life in 1886. The business is now owned and carried on by Mr. John Dickson, the eldest son of the founder. He was born in Edinburgh in 1846, and educated in Melbourne, where he was apprenticed to his father, and also acquired a knowledge of architecture under Mr. Taylor, of that city. Mr. John Dickson claims to be one of the oldest volunteers in Otago, as he joined in the year 1864, and only resigned his position of colour-sergeant and secretary of the Bruce Rifles in 1897. During the whole period of thirty-three years, he never missed active duty, and earned the long-service and Imperial medals. Mr. Dickson is a prominent member of the Ancient Order of Foresters, and is permanent secretary of Court Bruce, 4526. He was married, in 1875, to Jane, daughter of Mr. Burr, of Castlemaine, Victoria, and has three sons and three daughters.
, Cabinet-maker. Union and Ossian Streets, Milton. Bankers, Bank of New Zealand. Established in 1865. Mr. Johnstone has succeeded in building a most prosperous and successful business, which has extended over a period of thirty-nine years. The show-room, which faces Union street, is 40 feet by 20 feet, and contains varied specimens of the excellent work done at the establishment. The workshop is conveniently attached at the rear of the main building, and is fitted up with a plant of wood-working machinery, including circular saws, turning lathe, tennoning machine, etc. Before the railway line was completed from Dunedin to Milton, Mr. Johnstone used to employ a greater number of skilled mechanics than he does at the present time; but, notwithstanding the fact that certain persons purchase their furniture in Dunedin, with a view to cheapness, Mr. Johnstone has the satisfaction of knowing that in many cases it is his own wares which are returning to the place where they were manufactured for firms in Dunedin; in any case, he still commands the bulk of the trade in the Tokomairiro district. Mr. Johnstone is the youngest son of Mr. Alexander Johnstone, farmer, and was born in the parish of Alva, Banffshire, Scotland, in 1835. He was educated at Bogtown district school, Aberhider, and afterwards apprenticed with Mr. Thomas Andrew, cabinetmaker, Turiff, and worked as journeyman in Aberdeen until he emigrated to Otago by the “Peter Denny,” in 1865. On landing, Mr. Johnstone worked in Dunedin at the new buildings being erected for the Bank of Otago, and subsequently at Edendale estate, then under the management of Mr. W. M. Gall. After that he commenced business at Milton. Mr. Johnstone has devoted a great deal of his leisure time to the promotion of temperance reform, and to musical efforts in connection with the Milton Presbyterian church. He married Margaret, daughter of Mr. Stewart, and has three children.
, Tailor and Clothier, Union Street, Milton. Bankers, National Bank of New Zealand. This business was founded in 1883, by the late Mr. James Murray, who was succeeded by his apprentice and journeyman, Mr. Parlane, in 1893. Mr. Parlane is the third son of the late Mr. James Parlane, farmer, of North Tokomairiro, and was educated at Fairfax school. He is known throughout the Tokomairiro district for the excellence of his workmanship, and for the variety and choiceness of his stock of goods. Mr. Parlane is vice-president of the Milton Bowling Club, and at the local competition in 1896–97, he won Mr. James Allan's special prize of a pair of silver-mounted bowls. He is also a member of Lodge St. John, 461, Scottish Constitution, and of Court Bruce, No. 4526, Ancient Order of Foresters.
(James Bryce and Thomas Bryce), General Blacksmiths and Farriers, Union Street, Milton. This firm was founded in 1863, by the late Mr. James Bryce, in conjunction with his brother, Mr. Thomas Bryce, who still carries on the business, assisted by his three nephews. One special feature of the firm's trade is the manufacture of agricultural machinery, in connection with which it does a large business amongst the settlers of the Tokomairiro district.
, Senior, was born in Strathaven, Lanarkshire, Scotland, and learned his trade at Chappleton. He arrived at Port Chalmers in October, 1862, and joined his brother at Fairfax, Tokomairiro, where they commenced business. On the death of Mr. James Bryce, in 1889, he admitted two of his nephews into partnership, Mr. Thomas Bryce, who is a widower, was married to Miss Isabella Fleming, of Strathaven, Lanarkshire.
, Junior, eldest son of Mr. James Bryce, was born in Milton in 1867, and was educated at the local High School. He was then apprenticed to his father, and has ever since been connected with the firm as journeyman and part proprietor. Mr. Bryce is an active Freemason; he was elected Worshipful Master of Lodge St. John, 461, S C., Milton, and afterwards held the office of secretary. In 1896 he was married to Eliza, daughter of Mr. George Lindsay, farmer, Tokomairiro.
, second son of Mr. James Bryce, was also born in Milton, in 1869, and was educated at the local High School. He was apprenticed to his father, and subsequently worked as a journeyman in Palmerston North and at Waikouaiti. He is a Freemason, and joined Lodge St. John, 461, S. C., Milton, in 1891, affiliated with the Lodge at Waikouaiti, and was elected Worshipful Master in 1898. In 1897 he was married to Isabella, daughter of Mr. McPherson, farmer.
at Milton stands on four acres and a half of land, and consists of a large brick building, which was erected in 1902, to replace the old building destroyed by fire in 1301. The mill is fitted throughout with electric light, and is most conveniently situated as regards water supply and railway communication, as a fine stream of water runs past, and there is a private railway siding. About ninety hands are employed, and the machinery, which is of the very latest description, has been specially imported from England. The first process in the manufacture of the wool is to thoroughly cleanse it from all impurities, and classify it according to its value. One of Mc-Naught's latest pattern scouring machines, capable of treating two thousand pounds of wool per day, is then used to remove the grease, and the scoured wool passes to the dyeing house, where six vats are in constant operation for dyeing in various colours. A large hydro-extractor, by Messrs Watson, Laidlaw, and Company, of Glasgow, extracts all the water from the dyed article, which is further dried by hot air supplied in a large drying machine. After being teased, the wool is conveyed to the carding room, where three carding machines, fitted with automatic feeders, are in operation. The spinning department is supplied with three mules, and altogether there are 1200 spindles, manufactured by Brooks and Doxey, of Manchester. Yarns and fingerings go direct to
, Secretary and General Manager of the Bruce Woollen Manufacturing Company, is the fifth son of the late Mr. John George Grey, of Millburn. Mr. Grey was educated at Millburn and Milton, and at the Oamaru High School. He followed mercantile life in Dunedin for a time, and, in 1897, was appointed General Manager and Secretary of the Bruce Woollen Manufacturing Company. Mr. Grey is a member of the Milton Borough Council, secretary to the Bowling and Angling Societies, a member of the committee of the Horticultural Society, and a member of the Milton High School committee. He married a daughter of Mr. W. Bolton, one of the pioneers of Otago.
, Milton. This firm was originally founded by Messrs Smith and Hibbard, and after these gentlemen dissolved partnership, it was carried on by Messrs Hibbard and Soutter. Then when Mr. Hibbard left the business, Messrs Hislop and Gray entered into partnership with Mr. Soutter as the firm of Soutter, Hislop and Gray. In the course of time Messrs Soutter and Hislop sold out to Mr. Gray, who successfully carried on the business till the time of his death.
was born in Edinburgh, and was in business in that town for a short time. He then entered into the employment of Mr. John Robertson, of Ayr, and was with him till 1861. Mr. Gray then decided to try his fortunes in the colonies, and left for New Zealand in 1861, landing in Dunedin on Christmas Day of that year. His first situation was with Messrs Barron and Campbell in Rattray Street, and thence he went to Tokomairiro to Messrs Smith and Hibbard. Thenceforward, for the rest of
, Pipe and Brick Manufacturer, Britannia Brick Works, Mil- ton. These works were established in 1868 by the late Mr. George Jones, and, including the clay fields, cover an area of about twelve acres of land. The plant consists of two large down-draught kilns, which are stoked all round with twelve fire holes, and a Bradley and Craven brick machine, of the latest pattern. The plant is driven by a 20 horse-power engine, built by Kincaid and McQueen, of Dunedin. About half-a-million bricks, and 150,000 feet of drain pipes (in sizes varying from three inches to twelve inches in diameter) are turned out yearly. The pipe machine used at the works was erected and designed by Mr. Jones, on the lines of the old pug-mill system. Mr. Jones was born at Milton, in 1889 and was educated at the Milton High School. He subsequently joined his father at the brick works, and when his father died he took complete charge of the business, which he has since conducted most successfully. Mr. Jones is a member of Court Bruce, Ancient Order of Foresters, Milton, and was at one time an active member of the local cricket club and brass band.
, sometime of Milton, was born at Uxbridge, England, in 1830, and learned the trade of brick manufacturing at West Drayton. He arrived in Victoria, Australia, in 1859, by the ship “Owen Glendower,” and came over to Otago in 1861. After a few years spent at the goldfields, and in carting and farming in the Tokomairiro district, he started the Britannia Brick Works, which he conducted up to the time of his death, in January, 1901. Mr. Jones married a daughter of Mr. Cockburn, of Edinburgh, Scotland, and had one son, who succeeded him in the ownership of the Britannia Brick Works at Milton.
, Farmer, “Janefield,” Milton. Mr. Duthie was born in 1847, and was the first male child born in Dunedin. He was educated at the Fairfax school, the Nelson College, and the Otago Boys' High School. After two years spent at “Greenfield” in learning the rudiments of agriculture, Mr. Duthie opened a general store and butchery business at Fairfax, and conducted it for seventeen years. Since 1892 Mr. Duthie has been engaged in farming on property left to him under his father's will, and resides in the old home built by his father in the year 1851. Mr. Duthie has been a member of the Bruce County Council, the Tokomairiro Road Board, and the Fairfax school committee. He was married, in 1880. to Miss Christina McKay, of Fairfax, and has a family of two sons.
was born at Haddington, near Edinburgh, in 1809, and what education he obtained was gained by himself during his term of apprenticeship. After completing his indentures, Mr. Dickson worked as a journeyman for Messrs J. and C. McGibbon, one of the largest firms of builders in Edinburgh, and subsequently became the firm's foreman. In 1854 he emigrated by the ship “Australia” to Melbourne, where he commenced business as a builder, and followed the trade until 1861, when he sailed for Otago during the height of the great gold “rush” at Gabriel's Gully. Mr. Dickson worked at his trade in Dunedin for a time, and then entered into partnership with Mr. Dickinson, later of Christchurch, in a storekeeping business at Glenore, near Milton. The following year, however, Mr. Dickson settled at Milton, where he remained until 1886, when he retired to Dunedin. Mr. Dickson was one of the first councillors to be elected for the borough of Milton.
, sometime of Milton, was born near Dundee, Scotland, on the 16th of March, 1814, and came to New Zealand in the ship “Lady Nugent.” which arrived in Wellington in 1841. He first
, sometime of “Burnside,” Milton, was the second son of Mr. Inglis, sometime of “Middleton,” Stirling, Otago, and was born in the year 1831, in the parish of Old Harnstocks, Berwickshire, Scotland. He was educated at the parish school, and afterwards worked as a farm labourer until he left for New Zealand in 1860 by the “Robert Henderson.” Mr. Inglis first obtained employment as a bullock driver with Mr. Thomas Murray, of Mount Stuart station, near Milton. He remained with Mr. Murray until the following year, when he purchased a team of horses and a waggon, and commenced carting general merchandise, etc., to the goldfields at Gabriel's Gully, Dunstan and Lake Wakatipu. This occupation he carried on for five years, and afterwards at Milton until 1872, when he leased “Burnside.” During his long residence in Milton, Mr. Inglis took an active and prominent interest in furthering the welfare of the district, especially in connection with agriculture, education, church management, local self-government, and friendly societies. For thirteen years he held the office of secretary to the Tokomairiro Farmers' Club (besides being elected president), but resigned the secretaryship in consequence of failing eyesight. He represented the South' Ward in the Milton Borough Council for three years, and also was elected chairman and member of the local school committee. As a Forester, Mr. Inglis was one of the promoters and founders of Court Bruce, No 4526, which was established in 1865. On the 20th of January, 1854, he was married to Ann, daughter of Mr. George Skeleton, and they hatl four children. Mr. Inglis died on the 26th of April, 1902.
, sometime of “Glenkilrie,” Milton, was born in 1826, at Dalnaid, Glenkilrie estate, Perthshire, Scotland. He was brought up on his father's farm, and came to Otago with his wife, by the ship “Palmyra,” in 1858. Shortly after his arrival he and his young wife walked to Tokomairiro; the journey took them two days, and at night they had to sleep under a flax-bush—a thing not uncommon in the days of the pioneers. Mr. Falconer was employed by the late Mr. Edward Martin, and afterwards by the late Mr. Gillies; and he then started farming on his own account, on fifty acres of land—the nucleus of “Glenkilrie.” He gradually increased his holding, and at his death the property consisted of 800 acres, which extended to the boundary of the Coal Company's reserve Like many of the early colonists, Mr. Falconer took part in the Gabriel's Gully rush, and met with considerable success. He was a member of the old Tokomairiro Road Board from its inception, and one of the first members of the Akatore school committee, of which he was both chairman and clerk. He was also an energetic director and shareholder, of the Coal Gully Company. At his death, in February, 1895, Mr. Falconer left four daughters and two sons. Mrs. Falconer died in 1887.
was born in Bury, Lancashire, England, in 1846, and was apprenticed as a mechanical engineer with the well-known firm of Messrs Walker and Hacking, engineers and cotton machine manufacturers, Lancashire. After completing his indentures he worked as a journeyman in England and the United States. In 1878 he emigrated to Otago by the ship “Wellingtoin.”
, sometime a general merchant at Fairfax, near Milton, was born in 1858 on the ship “Palmyra,” whilst his parents wore on their way to Otago, New Zealand. The family settled in the Tokonmirivo district, and Mr. McTherson was educated at the old school (prior to the establishment of the present district high school), which was conducted in the old court-houso. He was apprenticed to the firm of Messrs Soutter, Hislop and Gray (now known as Messrs James Gray and Sons), general merchants, Milton, in whose employment he remained twenty years. In 1892 he became proprietor of the business which had been originally conducted at Fairfax by Mr. E. M. Duthie. Mr. McPherson was a member of the Fairfax school committee, the Milton Bowling Club, and of Court Bruce, No. 4526, Ancient Order of Foresters. In 1891 he was married to Jane, daughter of the late Mr. Robert Thomson. He died on the 19th of November, 1902.
was born at Cambridge, England, and after leaving school spent three years at the Hoyal Agricultural College, Cirencealer. In 1851 he emigrated to Melbourne, but in 1858, after visiting various Australian gold diggings, he returned to England by the ship “Boyal Charier.” Mr. Twiss came to New Zealand by the ship “Nourmahal,” and took up 500 acres of land at Lovell's Flat, where he was one of the first settlers, and there he farmed till 1870. He then left his property, and bought another farm near Milton, and worked it until 1876, when he retired from active life. Mr. Twiss has been a member of road boards and school committees, and is now, on the Milton Domain Board. Although a Freemason, he is unattached in New Zealand. He is an enthusiastic bowler, and the winner of numerous gold medals and other prizes.
Mr. Twiss has been twice married. His first wife died in 1699, and he took as his second wife Miss Mary Jaye Martin, daughter of Mr. James Martin, one of the pioneer settlers of the Tokomairiro district.
, in the county of Bruce, is situated on the main south line, thirty-eight miles south-west from Milton. It is an agricultural district, which was named in, compliment to Messrs Clark, the pioneer settlers. The township has a good general store, post office, and blacksmith's shop; and the railway station is the junction of the main south line and the branch to Lawrence.
, for some time a storekeeper at Clarksville, near Milton, is the only son of the late Dr. “William Anderson, He was born in Londonderry, Ireland, in 1876. and received his education partly at a private school and partly at the Londonderry City Academy. He served an apprenticeship with the well-known firm of Messrs Holmes and Mullen, produce and provision merchants, of Londonderry. In 1893 Mr. Anderson came to New Zealand by the s.s. “Ruapehu.” On his arrival he entered the employment of Messrs Gilmour Bros., of Dunedin, with whom he acquired colonial experience. He then bought a business at Clarksville. As a Freemason Mr. Anderson is a member of Lodge Hope of Erin, Irish Constitution, Londonderry. He now (1904) resides in Dunedin.
, who is the third son of Mr. John Scudamore, farmer, was horn in Gloucestershire, England, in 18G8. He was educated at Taunton, Somersetshire, and indentured to the profession of civil and mechanical engineer, which he followed until he left England in 1888, by the s.s. “Ionic,” for Port Chalmers. In consequence of not being able to secure employment at his own calling, he entered the firm of Messrs Strachan and Co., brewers, Dunedin. There he learned the art of brewing, and in 1893 he became proprietor of the Milton brewery. In 1891, Mr. Scudamore married a daughter of Captain F. Mathieson, of Dunedin and Fortrose.
is a small township on the hanks of the Tokomairiro river. It is situated on the railway, forty-one miles from. Dunedin and five miles from Milton. In the early days, it was known, as the “Woolshed,” and was the scene of great activity in gold mining. Dredging is still carried on in the district, but the neighbouring land is devoted to agriculture, chiefly to grain-growing, though sheep-farming is also carried on. The village has a public school, post and telephone office, and
. Farmer, “Gold Bank.” Glenore. Mr. Tulloch was born in the Orkney Inlands in 1832, and came to Otago by the ship “Three Bells” in 1858. After working for eighteen months at the Taieri, he was employed by Mr. Henry Clark, of Tokomairiro, for some time, and then started a fishing station at Stewart Island, with Mr. James Harold. Unfortunately, the venture proved unsuccessful, and Mr. Tulloch returned to Otago to take part in the Gabriel's Gully gold rush. After varying luck at different diggings, he bought land from Mr. Adam, of “Bon Accord,” near Milton, and started farming it. The property consists of about 230 acres, and is now worked by Mr. Tulloch's sons. Mr. Tulloch has always taken a great interest in gold dredging, and was one of the chief promoters of the Gold Bank Dredging Company. He was a member of the Glenore school committee for thirty-five years, and chairman for thirty years of that time; and was one of the first members of the district Road Board. He is also a member of the Farmers' Union, and at one time served as a volunteer in the Bruce Rifles, Mr. Tulloch married a daughter of Mr. Henry Clark, of Clarksville, and has, surviving a family of seven children.
(New Zealand Trust and Loan Company, proprietors), Glenore. This property consists of 15,510 acres of freehold, stretching from the Waitahuna river to Lovell's creek. It carries 13,000 sheep in the summer and 10,000 sheep in the winter, and about 300 bead of cattle. The sheep are principally Romney, half bred Ranvney, and Merinos, and the cattle arc of the Polled Angus and Shorthorn breeds. Draught horses are also bred on the property, About 1,400 acres are devoted to growing turnips, oats, and rape, and about halt the oats and chaff grown are for the requirements of the station. The New Zealand Trust and Loan Company also owns the Berkley estate at Henley, the Traquair station at Outram, and other properties.
, Manager of Roxburgh and Traquair stations and Berkley estate, is a son, of the late Mr. Joseph Ward, of Marlborough, who owned the Clarence run in the early days of that province. Mr. Ward gained his first experience of the management of a station on his father's run, where he worked for fifteen years, For seven years subsequently he managed the Ugbrooke and Vernon station, Marlborough, and has been manager of the stations of the New Zealand Trust and Loan Company in Otago since 1897. Mr. Ward is well-known as a breeder of pedigree racing stock, and bred “Clarence,” who won the Grand National, with a record weight of 12 stone 12 pounds, and also the Napier Steeplechase, with 13 stone 2 pounds. He bred “Lara,” who won the Wellington and Auckland Cups in 1877, and also numerous other races. “Sortie,” bred by him, won several races in Sydney, and also the Launceston Cup. At present (1904) Air. Ward has some fine pedigree stock by “Peerage” and “Conqueror,” and two thoroughbred mares in foal to “Serapion.” Mr. Ward may be said to have inherited his love of racing, as his uncle, Mr. Henry Bedwaod, was renowned us the father of the sport in New Zealand. Mr. Ward is married, and has three sons and nine daughters.
, formerly Manager and Secretary of the Woolshed Dredging Company, is the only son of Mr. William Mercer, of Boxburgh, an old miner, and was born and educated at that raining centre. He was brought up as a blacksmith, and worked for the Commissioners Flat Gold Mining Company and the Dredge Company at Roxburgh. In conjunction, with Messrs W. and G. Telford, he started the Golden Bank Dredge at Glenore. Mr. Mercer, whilst residing at Roxburgh, took an active interest In the local brass baud and the Foresters' Court. He is now (1904) a dradgemaster at Poolburn Ida Valley, Central Otago.
, in the county of Tuaptka, is one of the oldest gold mining townships in Otago. It is situated on the Milton-Lawrence line of railway, fifty-three miles from Dunedin, and seven miles from Lawrence, and stands fit an altitude of 331 feet above the level of the sea. Gold dredging is carried on with some success, and a number of settlors are engaged in farming. Waitahuna—which is the Maori name for “Valley of Water”—has a post and telegraph office, with money order and savings bank departments; a branch of the Bank of New Zealand, a public school, churches, two hotels, and stores. Mails are received from and despatched to Dunedin twice daily.
was established In 1875, when the gold mining industry was at its height. It is built of wood and has three class-rooms, one of which is used as a library. This contains over 900 volumes, for the use of the pupils and public, and the headmaster acts as honorary librarian. The grounds surrounding the school are planted with macrocarpa and other pines, which afford shelter from wind and sun.
, Headmaster of the Waitahmm Public School, was born in Dunedin, in 1851, and was educated at the Dunedin High School, under Mr. Alexander Livingston, its first headmaster. He afterwards studied under Professors Shand, Sale, Black, and Hutton, at the Otngo University. Mr. Patrick's first school was at Papakaio, but, after remaining there for two years, he returned to the University for another year's course. Subsequently, he joined Mr. Barrett at the Dunedin Collegiate School, where he taught for ten years, during the latter half of that period as principal. On the Introduction of the present national education system in New Zealand—free, secular, and compulsory—Mr. Patrick, took charge of the Government school at Mount Stewart, and, alter filling that position for nearly four years, was for eighteen months at the Taieri Ferry school, The headmastership of the Waitahuna school being vacant, in 1883, Mr. Patrick applied for and obtained the appointment. He also holds the office of Registrar of Births, Deaths, and Marriages for the district. As a Volunteer, Mr. Patrick was captain of the Waltahuna Rifles from first to last of the company's existence, and previously held a commission In the Dunedin City Guards, He was married in 1878, and has three sons and two daughters.
, Saddler and Harness Maker, Waitahuna. Mr. Watson is a native of Argyllshire, Scotland, where he was education, and served his apprenticeship with the firm of Messrs. D. Watson and Co., of Campbeltown. After working as a journeyman for two years he came to New Zealand in 1876, landing at Port Chalmers, and after being six months in Dunedin he went to Waitahuna, where he established his present business in a small shop facing the main road. Mr. Watson has since considerably increased the size of his premises and also built a dwelling-house. He does a general saddlery and harness trade, besides keeping a stock of portmanteaux, watches, and fancy goods. His business extends over a considerable area and amongst the best settlers.
, Merchant, Waltahuua, Born in 1866, and educated at Waitahuna, Mr. Auld was afterwards for eight years with his father, who founded the present business In 1862. On the death of Mr. Auld, senior, In 1890, the subject of this notice assumed control, and has since succeeded in considerably extending the business by establishing branches at Kaitangata, Tuapeka Mouth, and Dunedin South. Mr. Auld has not confined his energies to business matters, as he has been a prominent figure in the Prohibition movement in his district, and in 1896 was selected by a conference of delegates from the Bruce electrorate, to contest the general election of that year in the interests of the cause. Standing as an Independent Liberal, he took the field only three weeks before the date of the election to contest the seat with Mr. James Allen, one of the strongest members of the Opposition In New Zealand, mid although defeated, polled more than double the number of votes recorded in favour of Mr. Allen's former opponent. As a leading member of the Order of Good Templars, Mr. Auld holds the position of District Deputy Grand Chief Templar for the Bruce and Tuapeka distriets; he is also a member of the local school committee, and is an office-bearer in his church.
, for some time a storekeeper at Waitahuna, was born in Tasmania, in 1838, and was educated at Hobart. In 1851, when hut thirteen years of age, he went to the Victorian goldfields, and worked at Golden Point, Forest Creek, for several years; and he believes that he is in the unique position of being the only living representative of that “era.” Mr. Garden sailed for New Zealand in 1861 in the ship “Mary Ann Wilson,” and landed at Dunedin, whence he went to Waitahuna, and continued to reside almost uninterruptedly in the district. As one of the pioneers of the Waitahuna goldfield, he has seen an entirely
, J.P., born and educated in the north of Ireland. At the age of eighteen he left his native land for Victoria, where be followed various occupations until attracted to New Zealand by the gold discoveries In 1861. He came to Port Chalmers in the ship “Ocean Chief,” and was engaged In mining at Gabriel's Gully and Blue Spur for ten years. At the end ot that time Mr. Livingston abandoned that somewhat precarious calling to take to farming, and, purchasing a Hock of sheep, ran them for two seasons on Crown lands. He then took up a property of about 1380 acres, which he afterwards increased to 3000 acres to freehold, and 4000 acres of leasehold land. The homestead, “Fairview,” is pleasantly situated on one of the heights overlooking Waitahuna. Mr. Livingston was a member of the Tuapeka County Council for many years. He was also president of the Waitahuna Fanners” Club, and chairman of the Taapeka Hospital Board, and acted in a similar capacity to the school and cemetery committees.
, the chief town in the county of Tuapeka, is the terminus of the branch line from Milton, whence it is twenty-four miles distant. It is sixty miles by rail from Dunedin, with which it has communication twice daily, and there is a daily coach service between Lawrence and Roxburgh. There has been for many years a considerable, waggon traffic from Lawrence to the interior of Central Otago, but this is being gradually lessened in proportion with the progressive construction of the
Otago Central Railway. Lawrence, which, war named alter a celebrated English general, is the centre of a large mining and farming district. It came into existence with the gold “rush” to Gabriel's Gully, which is about two miles distant. This celebrated goldfield is a favourite place of interest with visitors, and in the surrounding district, gold mining is still carried on on an extensive scale by modern scientific methods. Sheep-farming is also carried oil, and stock sales are held fortnightly in the town. Lawrence is built for the most part on rising ground, and stands at an elevation of 356 feet above sea level, The chambers of the Tuapeka County Council, the district hospital, and the Magistrate's and Warden's court are located in the town, of which Ross Place is the chief business portion. Besides the District High School, there is a Catholic school, under the supervision of the Dominican nuns; and there are Presbyterian, Anglican, Roman Catholic, and Wesleyan churches, and a local corps of the Salvation Army. Two branch banks, a number of stores, and several hotels, constitute the main business houses, and there is also a flour mill. A local newspaper, the “Tuapeka Times,” is published twice a week. A town hall, which stands in Ross Place, was built in 1877, at a cost of £3,500, and is a handsome stone building, with brick and stucco facings. On each side
, which has an area of 610 acres, was formerly divided into wards, but it is now one undivided borough, with a population of nearly 1,200 persons. The annual rateable value is £8,504, and there is a general rate of 1s 6d in the pound on the annual letting value; a water rate of 6d in the pound where the water is laid on, and a proportionate rate where it is Hot. The members of the Borough Council are: Messrs George Jeffery (Mayor), James Bryco McKinlay, Herbert Hastings Leary, Benjamin Warren Whin, Alexander Blair, David Lawrence Christie, Arthur Bryan Haggitt, Walter Anderson, David McIntosh, and Hugh Craig (Councillors). Mr. Philip Uren is the Town Clerk and Treasurer.
, who has been, a Member of the Lawrence Borough Council since 1894, was born in 1866, in London, where he was educated. He came to the Colony in 1877, by the ship “Piako,” and entered into articles with Mr. Scanlan, of Dunedin, with whom he served for seven years. In 1890, he settled in Lawrence, to carry on his trade as a painter and house decorator. Mr. Winn is captain of the Fire Brigade, vice-president of the United Fire Brigades' Association of New Zealand, a past master in Freemasonry, and also a prominent member and trustee of
, Town Clerk, Returning Officer, and Rate Collector for the Borough of Lawrence, was born in Cornwall, England, on the 27th of November, 1841. He was educated at the grammar school, Gwennap, brought up to mining find assaying, in his native place, and came to Port Chalmers in 1863. After being for eight or nine years at Gabriel's Gully he received a Government appointment to look after the Waipori Drainage Channel, and held the position till the channel was destroyed by the Hood of 1875. Mr. Uren was rate collector and valuer for the County of Tuapeka, under the Land and Property Act, 1870. In 1882, he was appointed Town Clerk of Lawrence, in succession to the late Mr. G. Byron King.
, who was Mayor of Lawrence during the Exhibition year, was born at Kilmarnock, Ayrshire, Scotland, in 1839. He left his native country in 1852 by the ship “Sappho,” and landed at Port Phillip, Melbourne, where he was for some years in the service of the City of Melbourne Gas and Coke Company. Mr. Arbuckle joined the staff of the Union Bank of Australia, and followed banking for about five years in Victoria and New Zealand, but eventually established his present business in Lawrence. He was for many years a member of the Borough Council, and was elected mayor in 1888, and for three years thereafter. During his term of office the new road to the cemetery was made, and several other important works carried out. Mr. Arbuckle was for several years president of the Athenæum, and chairman of the High School committee. In 1895 he was appointed Returning Officer for the electoral district of Tuapeka. Mr. Arbuckle is a member of St. George's Masonic Lodge. He married a daughter of Mr. Horace Bastings (sometime mayor of Lawrence and member of the Provincial Council), and has a family of five sons and two daughters.
was born in Victoria in 1860, and is a son of Mr. G. P. C. Browne, who for many years was a member of the Outgo Provincial Council. He came to New Zealand when only a child, and received his education at Waitahuna. For seven years he followed the vocation of a teacher in Dunedin, and removed to Lawrence in 1885. On his father's death, he and his brothers carried on their father's forwarding agency business. In 1886 the coal, timber and carriers' business was purchased from Mr. Thomas McKenzie, and added to the forwarding agency, and the business as a whole has undergone considerable extensions. Mr. Browne was first elected mayor in November, 1895; he was re-elected unopposed in 1896 and 1897, and at the election of 1898 he defeated his opponent. He has served on the Athenæum committee, is a director of the Tuapeka Times Company, a member of the District High school committee, secretary of the Tuapeka Agricultural and Horticultural Societies, and president of the Tuapeka Brass Band. Mr. Browne was married in 1890, and has a family of two.
, J.P., who was at one time Mayor of the Borough of Lawrence, and served on the Council for many years,
was born in Macclesfield, Cheshire, England, in the year 1840. He was educated in England, and came to Victoria with his father in the fifties; settled in the Tuapeka, district in 1861, and began business in the following year as a chemist and druggist. Mr. Harrop served on the local school committee for some time, and was a visiting justice at the local gaol. He was connected with the Manuchester Unity, Independent Order of Oddfellows, for many years,
, who was Mayor of Lawrence in the early days in the borough, was long well known as a partner in the firm of Herbert and Co., general merchants. He was born in Rothesay, Scotland, came to the Colony early in 1862, and became senior partner in the firm which bears his name, and with which he continued to be identified till May, 1900, when he retired from the business. Besides being mayor, Mr. Herbert took a very active part in advocating and promoting the establishment of the public school, now known as the Lawrence District High school, on the committee of which he served for many years. About twenty-five years ago he obtained permission from the Borough Council to plant some streets with deciduous trees. He spent a large sum in planting a long avenue with a double row of trees, and the work thus begun by him was afterwards continued by the Borough Council, with much advantage to the beauty of the town. Mr. Herbert now (1904) resides in Dunedin.
, who was Mayor of Lawrence for two years and was for many years a member of the Council, was born at Aecrington, Lancashire, England, in 1848. He was educated and apprenticed as a chemist and druggist, in Preston. After completing his term, he was for about three years junior assistant in a large business in Manchester, and for four years senior assistant in a large West End business in London. In 1875, he came to Port Chalmers by the ship “City of Vienna,” and for a year after his arrival, waa assistant to Mr B. Isaac, in Rattray Street, Dunedin. Mr. Taylor removed to Lawrence in 1876, as manager for Mr. G. Jeffrey, the proprietor of the business which he subsequently purchased. He served for a short time on the Tuepeka Hospital Board. Mr. Taylor was married, in 1884, to a daughter of Mr. W. Sheath, sheepfarmer, of Rankleburn, and has three daughters and one son.
, who was for a short time a Member of the Lawrence Borough Council, was born in Glasgow, in 1831, and educated in his native city. He came to Victoria in 1850, and was at Ballarat and Bendigo, and in the Ovens district, where he was in business as a storekeeper, before coming to Otago in 1862. After a short time in Dunedin, he settled in the Tuapeka district, and established himself in business. As a Freemason, he was a member of Lodge St. George, E.C., and passed all the chairs. He was also connected with the Manchester Unity, Independent Order of Oddfellows. Mr. Arthur was married, in 1872, to the widow of the late Mr. J. Hunter, of Dumfries, and at his death, in 1898, left two sons and two daughters.
, who represented the West Ward in the Lawrence Borough Council for many years, was born in Dingwall, Ross-shire, Scotland, in 1856, and was apprenticed as a saddler at Kirkcaldy, in Fifeshire. Mr. Skinner came to Port Chalmers, by the ship “Janet Cort,” in May, 1874, and was for twelve years in the employment of Mr. G. Dowse, saddler, of Rattray Street, Dunedin, and was foreman of the workshop. He removed to Lawrence in 1888, and purchased the business of Mr. Peter Millar, saddler, later of Dunedin. Mr. Skinner was married, in 1876, to a daughter of the late Mr. J. Heron, of Kilmarnock, Scotland, and had two daughters and one son. He died in November, 1901.
, J.P., who was a member of the Lawrence Borough Council, was born in 1836, in West Meath. Ireland, and was educated at Farra College. He became a land steward, and served three years with Mr. Smith, of Glananea estate, and afterwards held the position of land agent on the Annesley estates in the south of Ireland for nine years. He left London for Melbourne in August, 1867, by the s.s. “Somersetshire,” on her first voyage, and landed in New Zealand in October, 1867.
was born at Killingholme, Lincolnshire, in 1835. He left home at the age of twenty-one, landed in Melbourne, Victoria, from the ship “Samuel Lock” in August, 1857, and engaged in agricultural contracts. In January, 1862, he came to Otago, and went goldmining at Tuapeka, and after a time he and eight others formed a syndicate to work the coal pit in Lawrence. When the Dunstan “rush” broke out, his mates unanimously left him in charge, and went to the new goldfields. Some of them returned in four months but Mr. Walker bought all their shares, and worked at the coal pit for a number of years. He then sold it to a company for £650, retaining one-sixth of the whole of the estate, but ultimately sold out the lot to Messrs McCormack and Nicholl, of Blue Spur, for £1,200. Mr. Walker then started in business in Ross Place as a hay and corn merchant, and has ever since been engaged in that line. When Lawrence was formed into a borough, he was second on the poll of nine candidates, when only four candidates were required, and was a member of the Council for many years. About nineteen years ago he was elected mayor, and held the office for two years, being unopposed for the second term. When he was mayor he visited Wellington as one of a deputation to act with Mr. J. C. Brown to procure a Government grant of £2,000 to form a storm channel to protect the town from flood by the Wetherstones and Gabriel's waters, a work which was his own proposition, and since then no flood has ever done damage to the outlying parts of the borough. For many years he was a member of the hospital committee; he has been a member of the Oddfellows Lodge for twenty-five years, and has passed through all its offices. Mr. Walker has a family of four daughters and two sons, and has several grandchildren.
lies between the counties of Clutha, Bruce, and Vincent, and comprises an area of 1,385 square miles. The Council buildings, which were erected in 1878, stand in Peel Street, Lawrence, with an entrance from a private roadway. There are offices for the chairman, clerk, and engineer; and the council chamber is a large and well-appointed room. The members of the Council are: Messrs Sim (chairman), Tapanui riding; Robert Cotton, Waipori riding; Edward Ottrey, James riding; James Bennet, Beaumont riding; Francis Oudaille, Waitahunia riding; John Bennetts, Teviot riding; P. Melnerey, Brown's riding; G. S. Walker, Clark riding; and J. K. Simpson, Gabriel's riding. Mr. John J. Woods is county clerk, treasurer, and collector, and Messrs Pilling Brothers are the valuers. Meetings are held on the second Friday of the month, at 2 p.m. There are 1,600 ratepayers, and the rateable properties, which number 1,800, have a rateable value of £993,000. A rate of one penny in the pound is levied. On the 31st of March, 1904, the assets amounted to £1,462, and the liabilities were £1,704. The Council maintains one thousand miles of road.
, J.P., Chairman of the Tuapeka County Council, was born at Dunkeld, Perthshire, Scotland, in 1832. From his earliest days he was engaged in
, who was Chairman of the Tuapeka County Council for about ten years, became a member of the Council in 1876, as representative for Beaumont riding. He was born in Forfarshire, Scotland, in 1830, was brought up to agriculture, and emigrated in 1853 to Victoria, where he followed goldmining for a short time, and was afterwards engaged in carting to the goldfields till he came to Otago in 1865. Mr. Bennet was carting to the Otago goldfields until 1872, when he settled in the Crookston district, and he has ever since lived at Race's Junction. His property consists of 700 acres of freehold land, and he has also two small runs, of about 4,000 acres, on which he depastures 2,000 sheep. He has served on the local school committee, of which he has been chairman since 1895. Mr. Bennet was married, early in 1853, to a daughter of Mr. Alexander Lindsay, of Forfarshire, Scotland, and has three sons, one daughter, and twelve grandchildren. He represents the electoral district of Tuapeka in the House of Representatives.
, J.P., who was one of the original Members of the Tuapeka County Council, and was for several years its chairman, represents the Waitahuna riding. He was born in Jersey in 1837, educated in Paris, and came to Sydney with his parents in 1850. In 1852, he had a short experience at Bendigo, and was generally on the Victorian and New South Wales goldfields till March, 1862, when he arrived in Port Chalmers and settled at Waitahuna, where he established himself in business as a storekeeper in August of that year. Mr. Oudaille unsuccessfully contested the representation of Tuapeka in Parliament against the late Mr. J. C. Brown. He has acted as a member of the local school committees, and has generally taken an interest in the advancement of the district. Mr. Oudaille was married in 1855, and has three sons, three daughters, and twelve grandchildren.
, J.P., A Member of the Tuapeka County Council, was born in Edinburgh, Scotland, and, comes of a very old, well-known family, one of whom was a doctor in India, and another a doctor in the army. He left home when a child, with his parents, by the “Strathallan,” and landed at Dunedin, where his father entered into business as a general merchant, and did an extensive trade with the various goldfields. Mr. J. K. Simpson entered the service of Messrs Marshall and Copeland, at their brewery, Leith Valley, and romained there till he was about twenty-one years of age, when he went to Tuapeka under engagement to Messrs Clayton and McNab, whose employment he afterwards left to take up a more lucrative appointment in Vincent and Co.'s brewery, Christchurch. On returning to Tuapeka, Mr. Simpson took over the Black Horse Brewery in association with Mr. Hart, and the firm of Messrs Simpson and Hart, brewers, etc., was founded. He was at one time chairman of directors of the Tuapeka Times Company, and is still a director. He is chairman of the commonage committee, and from the first did much to secure grazing rights for the miners. For about ten years he has been chairman of the Wetherstones school committee, and he is also a member of the Tuapeka Goldfields Hospital Board. Eight years ago he was elected to the Tuapeka County Council, in which he represents Gabriel's riding. Mr. Simpson was married in 1892 to Miss Jessie Pope, a daughter of an old identity now resident in Lawrence, and a descendant of the Popes of Wickford House, Devonshire, England.
, Clerk, Treasurer and Collector of the Tuapeka County Council, was born in 1849, in Tasmania, where he received his education, and was a teacher for eight or nine years. He then came to New Zealand, and landed on the West Coast. After visiting Nelson, Wellington, Christchurch and Dunedin, Mr. Woods taught in private schools at Lawrence and Invercargill, making a specialty of music, but retired from that vocation on receiving his present appointment. Mr. Woods, however, is an enthusiastic musician and also a composer. He performs on twelve instruments, but chiefly on the violin. There is hardly a musical performance in the district in which he does not take part, and for many years he has been conductor of the Roman Catholic Church choir. He was well known as a cricketer; he won the first trophy ever competed for by the members of the Lawrence Bowling Club, and he is a successful tennis player. Mr. Woods is also captain of
, sometime Valuer of Mining Properties for the Tuapeka County Council, Agent for the Public Trustee, and Secretary of the Tuapeka County Jockey Club, was born in Peebleshire, Scotland, in 1856, and received his early education in Edinburgh. He was brought up to business in a large mercantile house, in Leith, and came to Port Chalmers by the ship “Tamaru” in 1877. For a number of years he was engaged in pastoral work, but ultimately settled in Lawrence, in 1889, when he commenced business as a mining and commission agent. Mr. Gibson was a member of the local school committee, a vice-president of the Lawrence Caledonian Society and secretary of the Success and Balclutha Gold Dredging Companies. Mr. Gibson lived on the boundary of the borough, having purchased the freehold of the Presbyterian glebe, which is about thirty-five acres in extent. He was married, in 1881, to a daughter of the late Mr. J. Stevenson, of Horseshoe Bend, and had three sons and two daughters. Mr. Gibson died on the 22nd of October, 1901.
, who was a Member of the Tuapeka County Council, and represented the James riding for three years, was born in County Cavan, Ireland, in 1835. He was brought up to agriculture, and came out to Victoria in 1857. Six years later he crossed the Tasman Sea to Otago, and settled in the Roxburgh district. He has followed mining at Naseby, Butcher's Gully, Pomahaka and Roxburgh. Mr. Tubman was one of the first to take up land at Dumbarton, for agricultural purposes, under the original leasing system, on the 12th of September, 1867. The property he then acquired, and which is now freehold, consists of 332 acres, and he holds twenty-one acres under an occupation license. Mr. Tubman has served on the Moa Flat school committee, of which he was at one time chairman. In the early days he and his two brothers, and a Mr. Porter, purchased the punt at Roxburgh, at a cost of £800, and worked it for a number of years, until the erection of the bridge. For the last five or six years he has kept the Dumbarton post office and telephone bureau. Mr. Tubman was married, in 1879, to a daughter of Mr. M. Tweed, of Lovell's Flat, Otago, and has three sons and three daughters.
was established in 1878, and is the terminus of the Tuapeka railway, which branches from the main line at Clarksville, near Milton. The station buildings are of iron and wood, and include an engine shed, and a goods shed capable of storing about 100 tons. The passengers' platform is completely asphalted. A considerable quantity of dredging and mining machinery is brought here from Dunedin for distribution in the surrounding districts, to which it is forwarded from Lawrence by waggons. Mr. Thomas Arthur is stationmaster.
is situated at the corner of Colonsay and Peel Streets, and is a brick building with cement facings. There are ten telephones connected with the office, which is a transmitting office for the district, to Roxburgh and the other country offices. The staff consists of the postmaster, telegraphist, cadet, and letter carrier, and the Lawrence office does the largest amount of business of any second-class office in Otago. Mr. J. T. Wylie is postmaster.
stands on five acres of land at the corner of Whitehaven and Harrington Streets. The older portion of the building dates back to 1861, and is now used for outhouses; but the present hospital is a one-storey brick building, with three wards, two of which are for men, and one for women; in addition to the dispensary, storeroom, and quarters for the wardsman and matron. A separate residence is available for the use of the resident medical officer.
, Matron of the Tuapeka Goldfields Hospital, was appointed to her present position in July, 1897.
, Wardsman of the Tuapeka Goldfields Hospital, was born in Derbyshire, England, in 1870, and educated at Invercargill. He arrived at Port Chalmers with his parents by the ship “Earl of Zetland,” in 1875, was appointed to the Southland Hospital, as a wardsman, in 1891, and continued there till 1898, when, after a short residence at the Riverton Hospital, in a similar capacity, he was appointed to his present position.
, which was established as a public school in 1864, and became a high school in 1878, is situated on a block of two acres and a half of land, which was at one time known as the Market Reserve. The building is of stone, of one storey, and contains six rooms, with accommodation for 350 pupils. There are 270 names on the roll, and the average attendance is about 240. The school has a capital play-ground, with covered sheds and other conveniences, and the local drill-shed is used for the purposes of a gymnasium. The staff consists of the rector, matron, first and second assistants, and three pupil teachers.
, Rector of the Lawrence District High School, was born at Biggar, Lanarkshire, Scotland, in 1842, and educated at the Stirling parish school. He served a pupil teachership at the Calder parish school for four years, and was afterwards at the Normal Training College in Glasgow, and the Glasgow University. Having gained a teacher's certificate, he taught at the Chapel and Woodhall schools, near Airdrie, for one year at each, and subsequently at the Auchinear parish school, for two years. In 1864, Mr. Stenhouse came to Port Chalmers by the ship “City of Dunedin,” and was appointed to open the school at Lawrence. He is a member of the Otago Educational Institute, and has occupied the position of vice-president, besides being repeatedly president of the Tuapeka branch of the Institute. On the occasion of Mr. Stenhouse celebrating the conclusion of twentyfive years of rectorship at the Lawrence school, he was presented with an illuminated address, a handsome piece of plate, and with an album, containing upwards of 400 signatures of present and past pupils, residing in New Zealand, Australia, Scotland, and other parts of the world. The gathering at which the presentation was made was held in the Town Hall. Mr. Stenhouse was married, in 1866, to a daughter of the late Mr Anderson, of Pathhead, near Kirkcaldy, and has three sons and three daughters.
, Mistress of the Lawrence District High School, was born at Durham, England, and came to Victoria, with her parents, at a tender age, and subsequently to Otago. Miss Fowler was educated at the Lawrence District High school, where she qualified as a teacher. After two years as headmistress at the Wetherstones school, she was appointed to her present position at Lawrence in 1883. Miss Fowler holds an E1 certificate.
, First Assistant Master of the Lawrence District High school, was born at Tuapeka on the
, Lawrence, is pleasantly situated in Whitehaven Street, and is the centre of the Tuapeka and Waitahuna parish, which extends from the centre, twenty miles in every direction. There are about 1500 adherents in the parish. In the early days services were held in the schoolroom and other places by the visiting clergy from Dunedin, but no church was erected till the advent of Archdeacon Beaumont in 1870, when the present building, which is of wood, and in the Gothic style, was erected at a cost of £500. It has seating accommodation for 200 persons, and has a pipe organ which cost £80. The Rev. Isaac Richards is vicar.
, M.A. (Trinity College, Dublin), was born in Dublin, Ireland. He was ordained in 1858 as a curate at Monk Silver, Somersetshire, was afterwards chaplain to the Ebbw miners at Exmoor, and then incumbent at Witheil Florey, Somersetshire. Archdeacon Beaumont came out to the Colonies by the “Great Britain,” in 1866, and laboured as a missionary for four years on the West Coast. In 1870 he was appointed incumbent of Tuapeka and Waitahuna, and was afterwards made Archdeacon of Queenstown. On the 3rd of October, 1899, he resigned the incumbency of his parish, “simply and altogether,” he said, “for what he conceived to be its spiritual good, and from a conviction that a man in his position could be too long in one charge.” To himself personally his resignation meant a great pecuniary sacrifice; but he took the step in the belief that a new man, though he could not teach new truths, might be able to place the old truths in new aspects to the advantage of the people of the parish. Archdeacon Beaumont, in resigning his incumbency, did not resign the Archdeaconry of Queenstown, but retained it with a view to still giving what help he could to the general work of the church in the diocese.
, Lawrence, occupies a commanding position in Colonsay Street. In the early days, services were held in a tent, and a tent also was used to accommodate the visiting clergy, amongst whom was the Rev. William Will, whose son, the Rev. J. A. Will, afterwards became pastor. The late Rev. Andrew Stobo, of Invercargill, was the first clergyman to officiate on the field, and lay brethren held services till 1865. Gabriel Read, the discover of the goldfield, was one of the first to contribute to the funds of the church, and he gave a subscription of £50. The first settled minister was the Rev. James Copeland, and he was followed successively by Messrs Cameron, Cowie, Fraser, Jolly, and the Rev. J. A. Will, who died about the middle of the year 1904. The church is a substantial red brick building, erected at a cost of £1,200, and has accommodation for 300 worshippers. There are 177 church members on the roll, and the Sunday school is well attended.
, Lawrence, which, next to Dunedin, is the oldest church in the diocese, was founded by Father Moreau, who, at the outset of the goldfields, paid visits from Dunedin, and held services in a calico tent. Then an iron building was erected on a site purchased by Mr. John Donovan, and vested in Father Eccuyer, John Donovan and Bryan Sweeny as trustees. In 1870, Father Larkin erected the Gothic church, now used by the Dominican nuns as a school. From 1875 to 1880 Father Crowley was rector, and was succeeded by the present pastor, Dean O'Leary, in 1882. Four other churches of the parish were erected in 1869, and are still in existence; namely, Tokomairiro (at present a separate district), Waipori, Roxburgh and Waitahuna, and a fifth church was opened at Miller's Flat in July, 1899. The present Lawrence church is a fine Gothic built edifice in brick and Oamaru stone, with belfry of Oamaru stone, and was erected at a cost of £3,000. It measures 100 feet from the door to the back of the altar; 27 feet within the walls; 37 feet from floor to ceiling; transept, 52 feet. The windows are of stained glass, and there is seating accommodation for about 600 worshippers. There is a choir gallery directly over the main entrance. The presbytery and convent adjoin the church.
, Administrator of the Tuapeka parish, was born in County Cork, in 1848. He received his education at St. Sulpice in France; St. Celeman's, Fermoy; and was ordained at St. John's, Waterford, Ireland. Dean O'Leary arrived in New Zealand in 1874, and was stationed successively at Oamaru, Dunedin, Invercargill, and again at Dunedin. He was appointed to the pastorship of Cromwell in 1880, and of Lawrence in 1882. The present church at Lawrence has been erected in Dean O'Leary's time. He has also purchased the site of the Waipori church, and paid for the
, Lawrence, is situated in Whitehaven Street, and is the principal chapel of the Lawrence circuit. The Wesleyans have the reputation of being the first settled denomination in Lawrence. In the early days services were held by lay preachers and by the Rev. Isaac Harding. The first church, a substantial brick one, was erected in Colonsay Street, but the site was exchanged for the present one about thirty years ago. The building is of wood, and accommodates about 150 worshippers. The Rev. W. Dawson is in charge.
, only daughter of Mr. J. J. Woods, clerk to the Tuapeka County Council, was born at Lawrence, and studied under the Dominican nuns at Dunedin. She early showed a special aptitude for music, and became a pupil of Signor
was founded early in the sixties. It was for some years the property of Messrs Thomson and Ferguson, but Mr. Ferguson subsequently became the sole proprietor. Then Messrs Pilling Bros. became the owners, and in 1896 the paper passed into the possession of the company which now owns it. It has a large circulation throughout the goldfields, and has been considerably enlarged by its present proprietors. In politics, the paper is independent.
, the Manager of the “Tuapeka Times,” was born in Glasgow in 1861. He came to the Colony while very young, received his education at the Milton grammar school, and was afterwards apprenticed to the printing trade. Mr. Norrie was for many years foreman on the “Mataura Ensign” at Gore; he afterwards held a similar position on the “Waimea Plains Review,” and then became manager of the “Tuapeka Times.”
, Lawrence, is conducted in a brick building, which also provides accommodation for the Survey Department, and stands on an elevated situation overlooking the town. The courts are presided over by Mr. R. S. Hawkins, S.M.
, Mining Registrar, Registrar of Births, Deaths and Marriages, and Clerk of the Stipendiary Magistrate's, Warden's and District Courts, Lawrence, was born in Marlborough, in 1855, and educated at Nelson College. He entered the public service at Blenheim as clerk in the Superintendent's office. Two years later he filled an appointment under the provincial government for a short time. Mr. Eyes was then appointed mining registrar at Stafford, on the West Coast, where he stayed for five years, and was afterwards chief clerk in the Official Assignee's office in Christchurch for four years. He was then transferred to Riverton as mining registrar and receiver, and six years later was appointed to his position in Lawrence. Mr. Eyes is married, and has two sons.
, Barrister and Solicitor, Ross Place, Lawrence. Bankers, Bank of New Zealand. Private residence, Iona Street. Mr. Crooke was born in the year 1854, in Guildford, County of Surrey, England, where he received his early education. He proceeded to Queen's College, Cambridge, and graduated B.A. in 1878, and LL.M. in 1880. After studying for the legal profession, at the Middle Temple, he was called to the Bar in May, 1882. In October of the same year Mr. Crooke sailed for New Zealand, and arrived at Port Chalmers by the s.s. “Hauroto.” After practising for a short time in Dunedin, he settled in Lawrence. Mr. Crooke is solicitor to the Lawrence Borough Council, and to the Tuapeka County Council. He married, in 1890, a daughter of Mr. James Smith, of Greenfield, and has three daughters.
, Barrister and Solicitor, established a practice in Peel Street, Lawrence, in 1894. Mr. Dalziell was born in Auckland, in the year 1865, and was educated at New Plymouth. He studied for the profession in Dunedin, was admitted in 1892, and entered into partnership with Dr. Findlay, at Palmerston, Otago, under the style of Findlay and Dalziell. In 1894, he removed to Lawrence, where he practised on his own account, and was solicitor for several mining and dredging companies. He is now (1904) a partner in the firm of Findlay, Dalziell and Co., barristers and solicitors, Lambton Quay, Wellington.
(Miss Bertha Harrop, manager), Chemist and Druggist, Bookseller and Stationer, Peel Street, Lawrence. This business was established in the year 1862, by the late Mr. J. Harrop, and since his death it has been conducted, on behalf of his widow, by his daughter, who is a duly qualified registered chemist and druggist.
was born in Lawrence, where she was educated and learned the business with her father. She received a certificate from the Pharmacy Board of New Zealand in May, 1890.
, Chemist and Druggist, Tuapeka Pharmacy, Ross Place, Lawrence. Bankers, Bank of New Zealand. This business has existed from the earliest days of settlement in Lawrence. The proprietor bought the old Colonial Bank, a two-storied brick building, which he altered to suit the purposes of his business. There is a large, well-fitted shop, and consulting-room at the front, and the rest of the building is devoted to residential purposes. Mr. Taylor is referred to elsewhere as an ex-mayor of Lawrence.
, Auctioneer and General Merchant, and Proprietor of the Tuapeka Bazaar, Irvine Street, Lawrence. Bankers, Bank of New South Wales, Private address, Peel Street, Lawrence. Established 1865. Mr. Arbuckle's mart is close to the railway station, and has a large frontage, and floor storage amounting to about 10,000 cubic feet. The building is of stone, with facings of cement. Mr. Arbuckle receives consignments of fruit, furniture, and general produce, of which he holds periodical sales. He is referred to elsewhere as an ex-mayor of Lawrence.
, J.P., Stock and Land Agent and Auctioneer, Ross Place, Lawrence. Agent for the Australian Mutual Provident Society, Standard Fire and Marine Insurance Company, and Norwich Union Fire Insurance Company. Bankers, Bank of New Zealand. Private residence, Lancaster Street. The large business conducted by Mr. Thompson was established by Mr. Squires in 1875, and bought by Mr. Thompson in 1878. Mr. Thompson has considerably extended the connection, and now holds periodical auction sales at his yards, Lawrence, and clearing
(Alexander Miller and Christina Cormick Donn), General Drapers and Clothiers, Ross Place, Lawrence. This business was established by Mr. P. McFarlane in 1883, and was subsequently conducted by Mr. E. Dimaut from 1888 to 1898, when it was acquired by Mr. Miller and Miss Donn. The premises occupy an important corner section in Ross Place, and the business has drapery, millinery, clothing, matting and felting for goldmining, and furnishing departments. The firm's connection covers a wide area of country, with Lawrence as a centre. [After this article was first printed, the firm assigned its estate, though Miss Donn continued to be interested in the business.]
was born in Edinburgh in 1858, and arrived with his parents in Port Chalmers in 1861, by the ship “Robert Henderson.” He was educated at the Waikari school, and was apprenticed to the drapery business with Messrs Herbert Haynes and Co., Dunedin. Mr. Miller worked at his trade in Dunedin, and at Sydney, Timaru, Balclutha and Kaitangata, and removed to Lawrence in 1891, when he became manager for Mr. W. T. Talboys. He remained in that position till he joined in the purchase of the business. Mr. Miller was a member of the committee of the Tuapeka Horticultural Society; and as a Freemason was attached to Lodge St. Thomas, Kilwinning, S.C. He was married, in October, 1896, to a daughter of Mr. J. Kitto, of Munro's Gully, and has one son and one daughter. After giving up business in Lawrence he went to Invercargill.
was for some time in the employment of Mr. W. T. Talboys, and was in charge of the millinery department. She was previously with Messrs Clayton, Gardiner and Co., of Oamaru, and with Messrs A. and T. Inglis, Dunedin.
(J. C. Browne and E. Browne), Timber and Coal Merchants, and Forwarding Agents, Irvine Street, Lawrence. Bankers, Bank of New Zealand.
, the Senior Partner, is referred to elsewhere as a former Mayor of Lawrence.
(Alexander Arthur, manager), General Merchant, Ross Place, Lawrence. Bankers, Bank of New Zealand. Private residence, Lancaster Street. This business was established in 1861, by the late Mr. Thomas Arthur. The premises are erected on freehold land, and consist of a substantial brick shop, of one storey, with a store and office at the back. The business has departments devoted to grocery, wines and spirits, and ironmongery.
has managed the business since the death of his father, in the interests of the widow and family, He was born at Lawrence in 1875, educated at the High School, and brought up to business by his father. Mr. Arthur is a member of the local athletic clubs.
, Ross Place, Lawrence; branch at Waitahuna. Directors: Messrs A. McKinlay (chairman), W. G. McKinlay, and J. B. McKinlay. This is one of the oldest established businesses in Otago. It was started originally in Gabriel's Gully by Messrs A. McKinlay, J. F. Herbert, and E. Herbert, on the 4th of February, 1882. These gentlemen carried on the business under the name of Herbert and Co. In 1873 Mr. J. F. Herbert sold his interest to Messrs A. McKinlay and E. Herbert, who carried on the business till 31st of October, 1899, when Mr. A. McKinlay bought his partner's interest and turned the business into a limited liability company, trading as Herbert and Co., Ltd., seedsman, ironmongers, and general merchants. In April, 1903, the firm bought the business of Mr A. Garden, at Waitahuna, and established a branch at that place.
(Chairman of Directors of Herbert and Co., Limited), was born in Rothesay, Scotland, where he was educated and brought up to the drapery business. He came to Melbourne in the year 1853, and engaged in mining pursuits until the celebrated Gabriel's Gully “rush” of 1861, when he settled in the Lawrence district. Soon after his arrival he was joined by Mr. Herbert, and they started business under the name of Herbert and Co., general merchants. He was married, in August, 1868, to a daughter of the late Mr. A. Gilchrist, of Glasgow, and has four sons and three daughters.
, Flour and Oatmeal Miller, Lawrence Roller Flour Mills, Lawrence. Mr. Christie's fine mill was built in 1885, by the Tuapeka Milling Company, Ltd., who worked it till 1895. The building is of wood, and is four stories in height. The machinery is by Messrs Ganz and Co., and Schumacher, and is capable of turning out three tons of flour per day, and five tons of oatmeal. It is driven by a water wheel of about twenty horse-power, and there is an ample supply of water. Till 1898, the mill was known as a stone mill, but the rollers were put in in that year. The produce of the mill, with the well-known “Beehive” brand, is sold locally and in Dunedin, and occasionally it is shipped to the North Island. Mr. Christie was born in Aberdeen, Scotland, in 1857. His father and brothers were engaged in the milling business, and he learned his trade at Gordon's mill, in Aberdeen. He came to Port Chalmers by the ship “Nelson,” in 1883, worked at Anderson's mills at Woodhaugh, near Dunedin, and afterwards became manager for Messrs Hopkins and Jowitt, of Balclutha, before removing to Lawrence, where he settled in 1885, Since then Mr. Christie has been closely connected with the Lawrence mill, and acted as manager till 1895, when he became the proprietor. As a Freemason, he is attached to Lodge St. George, E.C. Mr. Christie is well known as a breeder of Pile game fowls, with which he has won the first prize at a number of shows. He was married, in 1880, to a daughter of Mr. J. Gordon, tailor, of Aberdeen, Scotland, and has four sons and five daughters.
, J.P., General Storekeeper, Ross Place, Lawrence. Bankers, Bank of New Zealand. Private residence, Waitahuna. This business was established by the proprieter as a branch of the main business
, J.P., Sheepfarmer, Bellamy Station, Lawrence. Mr. Henry was born in County Tyrone, North of Ireland, in 1846, and emigrated to Melbourne in 1861, by the ship “Shalimahr,” but remained only about three months in Victoria, and then came on to Port Chalmers in the “Ocean Chief.” He was successful at Gabriel's Gully, to which he went at the time of the “rush.” Then he bought teams and was engaged in the carrying trade. For fifteen years he was in partnership with Mr. Cotton, of Waipori; and while still carrying on the forwarding business, he bought a run and also two hotels. At the dissolution of the partnership, Mr. Cotton took the hotels and some other property, and Mr. Henry retained possession of the run, which was then known at “Bowler's,” and is now his own private property. When Mr. Henry first lived on the run he was in the capacity of a stockman. He now depastures about 9000 sheep and 200 head of cattle. Mr. Henry was for two years chairman of the County Council, and for six one of its ordinary members. It was during his chairmanship that the construction of the new bridge at Miller's Flat was first started, and the work has since been completed. Mr. Henry is a Freemason, and also a member of the Foresters' Lodge at Lawrence. He married Miss Mary Agnes Slater, of Manchester, who came to the Colony in 1864, and they have a family of five daughters and three sons. On the 15th of May, 1903, Mr. and Mrs Henry left New Zealand by the steamship “Athenic,” on a year's visit to the Old Country.
Is a native of Dornoch, Sutherlandshire, Scotland, where he learned the trade of a tailor in his father's shop. He arrived in the Colony by the ship “Robert Henderson,” in the year 1861, and for a short time worked at his trade in Dunedin. He then removed to Milton, where he remained for a number of years in the employment of the late Mr. James Murray, tailor and clothier, of that town. In 1871, Mr. Sutherland decided to commence business on his own account, and selected Lawrence, then the scene of a good deal of mining activity, as a promising place in which to open out. His enterprise from the first proved successful, as he built up a remunerative business, and gave employment to a number of persons. He is now (1904) retired from business, but still resides in Lawrence. Mr. Sutherland is a Freemason, and is connected with Lodge St. George, 1128, E.C., in which he has passed through all the chairs. He is also a member of Loyal Pioneer Lodge of Oddfellows, in which he has held the position of treasurer since 1890. Mr. Sutherland was married in the year 1873, to a daughter of the late Mr. Alexander Ross, of Poles, Dornoch, Sutherlandshire, Scotland.
, in the county of Tuapeka, is one of the oldest goldmining centres in Otago. It is within two miles of Lawrence, and surrounded by hilly country, where farming is now carried on, in addition to sluicing and dredging for gold. Wetherstones has a public school, post and telegraph office, and also an excellent brewery. Religious services are held in the school.
(James Kerr Simpson and Benjamin Hart, proprietors), Wetherstones. This property was established in 1868 by a Mr. Coverlid, and was owned successively by Messrs Bastings and Koeford, Hays and Koeford, and Clayton and McNab, until it became the property of Messrs Simpson and Hart. The buildings stand within fifty acres of freehold land, and are of brick; and the main building is three stories in height. Spring water is used for brewing and cooling down purposes, and the storage well has a capacity of 10,000 gallons. At the Dunedin and South Seas Exhibition of 1889–90, the firm secured the second prize for stout. The firm's business connection extends to Timaru in the north, and to the Bluff in the south, as well as throughout the Otago goldfields and Lake district, and its traveller periodically visits the various centres. The proprietors were the pioneers of the dredging industry on the river Molyneux, and mining took a decided spurt after their successful flotage of the Golden Run, Golden Treasure, Golden Gate, and Otago Dredging Companies. They still lend a helping hand in pushing on any local enterprise.
Is referred to in another article as a member of the Tuapeka County Council.
, Farmer, Wetherstones. Mr. Pope was born in Surrey, England, in 1836. He emigrated in 1858 to Melbourne, where he became an assistant in the establishment of Messrs Spears and Pond, wholesale wine and spirit merchants. In 1861 he landed in Dunedin, and, in conjunction with Mr. J. T. Crofts, opened the first cafe and reading-room in the town, under the style of Crofts and Co., Farley's Arcade. Mr. Pope spent twenty years in coaching, and
, Miner, Wetherstones. Mr. Goldsmith was born in the Isle of Man in 1835. After leading a seafaring life, he came to Melbourne in the “Stately” in 1860, and to New Zealand in 1861, by the “King of Italy.” He has since resided at Wetherstones, where he has experienced the usual ups and downs of a miner's life. Mr. Goldsmith is a member of the Wetherstones school committee, and he belongs to the Masonic brotherhood and the Oddfollows. His wife came out to the Colony in 1863, in the ship “Arema.” She was born in East Lothian, Scotland, in 1838. Her maiden name was Isabella Brander, and she has been teacher in the Wetherstones Sunday school since 1864.
is one of the most noted mining settlements in Otago. Sluicing and quartz-mining have been carried on there for about forty years. The township has a post office, a store and hotel, and is within three miles of Lawrence, with which it is connected by telephone. The Presbyterian and Wesleyan denominations have erected places of worship at Blue Spur.
, formerly a storekeeper at Blue Spur, was born at Armadale, Lanarkshire, Scotland, on the 20th of March, 1868, and arrived in Wellington by the ship “Caroline,” in 1875. He resided successively at Featherston, Shag Point, and Wetherstones, and was brought up to business in Lawrence. Mr. McKay was married on the 20th of February, 1895, to the widow of the late Mr. George Riddall, who had bought a storekeeping business at Blue Spur in 1889.
is the property of the Blue Spur and Gabriel's Gully Consolidated Gold Company, Limited, the general manager of which is Mr. John Howard Jackson, member of the American Institute of Mining Engineers. The mine is situated near the head of the far-famed Gabriel's Gully, about three miles from the Lawrence railway station. It is throughout alluvial, and comprises a mass of cemented breccia, consisting of sub-angular pieces of quartz, slate, recently formed sandstone, and numerous boulders of jasperoid, stacked up in regular strata by water, and cemented together by lime, which abounds in different forms, alum, and iron; and a considerable area of
, formerly Mine Manager of the Blue Spur and Gabriel's Gully Consolidated Gold Mining Company, was born at Banff, Scotland, in 1830. At fifteen years of age he went to sea, and five years later proceeded to Adelaide. There he remained about a year, and then went to Victoria, where he worked on the goldfields for ten years. In 1863 he came to Port Chalmers and went to Waitahuna, where he remained until 1869. He then removed to the Blue Spur, and was appointed mine manager in 1892. Mr. McHattie is a prominent Oddfellow, having been through all the chairs in the Waitahuna Lodge. He was married in 1856, and has two sons and one daughter, who is the wife of Mr. J. C. Browne, formerly Mayor of Lawrence. Mr. McHattie has retired from the management of the Blue Spur mine, and now resides in Lawrence.
is a scattered mining district, and forms the eastern portion of the county of Tuapeka. The township is situated about the centre of the mining district, and is fourteen miles from Lawrence, and twenty-five to the west of Outram. It is connected with Lawrence by a coach service, which carries the mails. The township stands at an elevation of about 1300 feet above sea level. Quartz mining has been carried on at Waipori since the early days of settlement, and during recent years the most modern systems of dredging and hydraulic elevating have also been in vogue. The township has a post and telegraph office, a school, hotels, and stores.
is at present carried on in the business premises of Mr. F. W. Knight. Mails are despatched and received thrice weekly. Telegraph messages are transmitted at the usual rates by telephone to Lawrence. There is a money order office, but no savings bank.
, J.P., Postmaster and Telegraphist, at Waipori, was born at Shirley, in Hampshire, England, in 1856. When four years of age he came to Victoria with his parents by the ship “Essex.” In 1862 the family came to New Zealand in the steamer “Aldinga,” and went to Waitahuna, where Mr. William Knight, father of Mr. Knight, carried on business as a baker with much success. The family then went to Miller's Flat, and in October, 1864, removed to Waipori, where Mr.
(W. E. S. Knight, proprietor), Waipori. This is a two-storey wooden building, containing thirty-five rooms, including a bathroom, billiard-room, three sitting-rooms, and a large dining-room. There is ample stable accommodation attached to the premises.
, sometime Proprietor of the Bridge Hotel, Waipori, was born in Nottinghamshire, England, in 1833. In 1852 he came out to Victoria, and went to Castlemaine, Mount Alexander, Bendigo, Sandy Creek, McIntyre's, Mount Maldon and all the principal goldfields. Within two months of the discovery of Gabriel's Gully, he landed in New Zealand. He immediately went to the field, and paid one shilling for the carriage of every one pound of food, tools, etc. For some time he was fairly successful, and he returned to Australia, where he became interested in various quartz mining ventures. About Christmas, 1866, he came back to New Zealand, and ever after resided at Waipori. On his return he engaged in ground sluicing, but sold out all his rights, waterraces, etc., and became a hotelkeeper. Mr. Caudwell was chairman of the local school committee. During a mining boom he and others sold the O.P.Q. claim to the New Zealand Minerals Company, Ltd., for £5000 cash. While he was on the Victorian goldfields Mr. Caudwell paid as much as £160 per ton for freight from Melbourne to Bendigo, and bought flour at £25 per sack, butter 6s per pound, sugar 3s per pound, and salt 3s per pound. Mrs Caudwell came to New Zealand from Victoria in the early sixties. Mr. Caudwell died on the 8th of December, 1901.
, formerly owner of the Waipori Deep Lead, is a native of Belfast, Ireland, and arrived in New Zealand in 1874. Shortly after landing he joined an exploration party on the West Coast, but returned to Dunedin and entered commercial life, from which he retired in 1888. Mr. Farrell invested capital in the Macetown district, and for years was the managing director of several companies. In 1882 he made a special journey to America, for the purpose of acquiring a knowledge of modern improvements in mining. With that end in view, he visited Colorado and Nevada, and other great mining centres. In two years he returned to the colonies and acquired the “Homeward Bound,” “Lady Fayre,” “Golden Treasure,” “Victor Emmanuel,” “Morning Star,” “Black Angel,” “Garibaldi,” and “Maryborough” mines, and other properties in the Macetown district. Following in the footsteps of the late Mr. J. C. Brown, M.H.R., who floated the Blue Spur mine, Lawrence, Mr. Farrell went to London, and successfully floated one of his group, known as the Premier Consolidated Gold Mining Company, Ltd., for the sum of £70,000. This company is now named the Glenrock, Ltd., and with a total expenditure of about £18,000, it had (up to the end of 1899) obtained gold to the value of £35,000, and was still working at a handsome profit. Mr. Farrell considered that this success was largely due to working the mine under the “Incline” principle, which was at first termed a Yankee notion. During Mr. Farrell's absence from the colony, this plan was allowed to drop, but when he returned, he, as managing director, insisted on its resumption, and brought it to a successful issue. The Deep Lead at Waipori was another mine the development of which bears witness to Mr. Farrell's resourceful enterprise. Mr. Farrell also invested in tin mines in the Rexhill district, Tasmania, where, according to the Government Geologist's official report, “It is nothing unusual to find large blocks of tin which yield from sixty to seventy per cent, of pure metallic tin.”
, A small settlement on the banks of the Molyneux river, takes its name from an island in the river. The district is eighty-two miles distant from Dunedin, and twenty-two miles from Lawrence, on the main coach road to Roxburgh. Hydraulic gold mining and dredging are at present the chief industries. At Island Block the search for gold is seen in its most ruthless form, as the returns are comparatively meagre, and the land worked, which is some of the finest agricultural land in Otago, is destroyed and washed down into the Molyneux. There is a post and telegraph office at Island Block and a public school at Rae's Junction.
(Limited). Head Offices, 64 Lombard Street, London, E.C. Mr. E. A. Reeves, secretary. This large company was founded in 1888, and has a capital of £60,000. The company has the lease of the whole of the land of Block Flat, which is about three miles long, with an average width of half a mile. The main pipe line is about two miles and a quarter long, and crosses the Molyneux river, the fall being 710 feet from the top to the level of the working; and there are two elevators, which will raise the wash from 45 to 70 feet respectively. There are extensive water rights, which deliver about twenty sluice heads of water on the mine. About fourteen men are employed on the
, Formerly Manager Of The Island Block Gold Mining Company, Is A Native Of St. Just's, Cornwall, And Was Born In May, 1869. He Was Educated And Brought Up To Mining Pursuits In His Native Country, But Came To The Colony In 1885. After Three Years And A-Half At Mount Bischoff, Tasmania, He Settled In Otago In November, 1889. He Worked In A Hydraulic Sluicing Claim At Roxburgh For Eighteen Months, And Went To Nelson, Where He Erected An Olevator For The Parapara Company, And Constructed The First Paddock, Which Was 63 Feet In Height. Six Months Later He Returned To Otago, And Was Engaged In Negotiating Mining Properties On Behalf Of A Syndicate For Two Years. Subsequently He Visited And Reported On The Wangapeka Freehold Run, In The Provincial District Of Nelson, And Arranged For Its Purchase For Mining Purposes. He Again Returned To Otago And Entered Into Negotiations At Bannockburn For Contracting Twenty-Four Properties, With A View To Floating A Large Company In The London Market. Owing To A “Slump” In Mining This Scheme Was Not Successful. In October, 1897, Mr. Matthew Was Appointed Manager Of The Island Block Mine, But He Now (1904) Occupies Another Position.
is a mining and farming settlement in the County of Tuapeka, and is situated on the banks of the Molyneux River. It is twentyeight miles north-west from Lawrence—with which it is connected by a daily coach service—and eighty-eight miles from Dunedin. The Mount Benger range rises on the western side, and the settlement, which is situated on both sides of the Molyneux River, is connected by a large traffic bridge. Dredging is an important industry at Miller's Flat, and some of the largest dredges on the Molyneux are working in the neighbourhood. The township has a school, post, telegraph, Money Order, and savings bank offices, and a Roman Catholic church. Other religious denominations hold their services in the school. There are also stores and two Hotels.
, which was opened in a building adjoining Mr. Laffey's hotel, is now conducted in a wooden building fronting the main street. It consists of a public lobby, postal and telephone room, and private residence. Mrs. W. Duffy is postmistress.
, General Blacksmith and Horseshoer, Main Road, Miller's Flat. This business was established in 1890, and the premises, which are erected on a residence area, consist of a wooden smithy with two forges, and various engineering machinery, including a vertical borer. The residence adjoins the shop. Mr. Malcolm was born in Kinross-shire, Scotland, in 1859, and came to Port Chalmers by the ship “City of Dunedin,” in 1875. He learned his trade in Dunedin, and subsequently worked for about seven years in that city, and for four years at the Taieri. After five years at Ettrick, he came to Miller's Flat, and established his present business. Mr. Malcolm was a member of the Moa Flat school committee, and also of the Domain Board. He was married, in 1885, to a daughter of Mr. A. Weir, of Mosgiel, and has three sons and two daughters.
, General Storekeeper, Miller's Flat. This business was established in 1891 by Messrs Ridd Bros., and has been conducted by Mr. Johns since August, 1892. The premises are erected on leasehold land, and consist of a wooden store and dwelling, with office. Mr. Johns was born in Victoria in 1869. He arrived in New Zealand with his parents in 1877, and was educated in the Colony, and brought up to the trade of a carpenter. He afterwards entered mercantile life, and settled at Miller's Flat in 1892. Mr. Johns was married in July of that year to a daughter of the late Mr. J. Cousins, of Blue Spur, and has two daughters and one son.
, Farmer and Miner, Miller's Flat. Mr. Pringle was born in 1869, at Miller's Flat, where he was educated and brought up to farming and mining pursuits. Since 1890 he has been largely interested in mining. Mr. Pringle was married in October, 1896, to a daughter of Mr. J. Falconer, of Waitahuna, a retired miner, and has one daughter.
, formerly Manager of the Golden Treasure Dredge at Roxburgh, and now a dredge manager near Alexandra, was born at Romahapa, Port Molyneux, in 1863. He was educated and brought up to engine driving, became driver on the Golden Treasure dredge in 1895, and was promoted in February, 1899, to the managership. Mr.
, which is also known as Benger Burn, is an agricultural and mining township, lying between the Mount Benger Range and the Molyneux river. It is thirty miles north-west from Lawrence, and ninety from Dunedin, and is on the main road of the Lawrence-Roxburgh daily coach service. Gold dredging is carried on in the Molyneux river near the township. There is a post and telegraph office at Ettrick, and a public school at Moa Flat. Wesleyan services are held in a private building. The township also has a flour mill, store, and hotel.
(Limited). Head Office, Roxburgh. Mr. J. Burton, secretary. The dredge owned by this company was built in 1890 at a cost of £2000. There is a ten horse-power steam engine, a ladder of 52 feet, and during the time the dredge has been working it has won a good deal of gold; the shareholders having been paid 12s 6d in dividends, on 4,500 shares paid up to 15s 6d per share.
formerly Manager of the Ettrick Dredge, was born in 1873 at Waipori, where he was educated, and has been much engaged in dredging since he began to work. He was first employed on the Waipori No. 1, and afterwards on the No. 2 dredge, as driver and winchman for three years. Subsequently he had the Moa Flat Hotel, which he sold fourteen months later, and became manager of the Ettrick dredge in 1898. Mr. Crowley was married in July, 1896, to a daughter of Mr. M. Lonergan, of Limerick, Ireland, and has two daughters and one son. After leaving Ettrick he was at Round Hill, near Riverton, and is now (1904) at East Gore, Southland.
, Miner, Ettrick, Mr. Nicholson was born in 1828, in the Isle of Skye, where he was brought up as a medical student. He went to India in 1848, attached to the Bengal Infantry, but left for Australia after a year's service, and arrived in New South Wales in 1850. For several years he was attached to the Civil Service, was for three years in charge of the native police, and was second in command of the expedition sent out in search of Dr. Leichardt. After a few years in Victoria, during which he was engaged in mining, Mr. Nicholson came to Otago in 1862, and has been settled in the Mount Benger district for most of the time, with the exception of a few years spent in Dunedin. He established Nicholson's Hotel at Ettrick, and conducted it for twenty-four years; in Dunedin he conducted the Baldwin (now Central) Hotel for fourteen months, and afterwards the Universal Hotel for two years. Since retiring from hotel life, he has been engaged in mining, and was one of the promoters of the Fraser River Hydraulic Company in 1899. Nicholson's River, in the northern territory of Australia, one of the tributaries of the Gilbert River, was discovered and named by Mr. Nicholson. In 1852, Mr. Nicholson was placed in charge of a gold escort, which conveyed 65,000 ounces of gold from the Ovens and other districts, overland to Sydney. He was married, in 1864, to a daughter of the late Mr. D. K. Koch, Burgomaster of Hanover, Germany, and niece of the celebrated Dr. Koch; and has four sons and four daughters.
is an old-settled district on the western side of the Molyenux river, five miles south from Roxburgh, and ninety-five miles distant from Dunedin. The settlement extends over a broad flat, from the Mount Benger Range to the Molyneux, and consists chiefly of good agricultural land, equal to any in Central Otago. Dredging is carried on in the adjoining river. There is a post and telegraph office at Dambarton, with a daily mail coach service; and at Moa Flat there is a public school.
. (James and William Lindsay McIntosh), Farmers, Linnburn, Dumbarton. The property owned by the Messrs McIntosh consists of 200 acres of freehold land. The brothers are the sons of Mr. J. McIntosh, of Lawrence, who died in 1892.
was born in Dunedin, in 1865, and from his earliest days was engaged in agriculture. He settled in Dumbarton in 1882, and served for several years as a member of the Moa Flat school committee. Mr. McIntosh was a member of Court Roxburgh, Ancient Order of Foresters, in which he had passed all the chairs. He now (1904) keeps a store at Clinton. Mr. McIntosh was married, in 1895, to a daughter of Mr. J. Drinnan, of Tokomairiro, and has one son.
was born in Dunedin in 1867, and is a moulder by trade. He joined his brother as a partner in the firm in 1889. In 1897, he was married to a daughter of the late Mr. A. Campbell, of Pine Hill, Dunedin, and has one son and one daughter.
, A borough town on the banks of the Molyneux, in the county of Tuapeka, lies one hundred miles northwest from Dunedin. It is forty miles from Lawrence, with which it has daily communication by coach. There is also a coach service to Queenstown, connecting with Alexandra. Most of the settlement is on the western side of the Molyneux, and extends from the river to the foot of the Mount Benger Range. Roxburgh, which was so named by the first settlers after Roxburghshire, in Scotland, is an old gold-mining settlement, and was opened up at the time of the Dunstan “rush” in 1862. Some of the miners who ventured to the field at that time have resided in the district up to the present day. For over forty years gold mining has been the leading industry, and it is now carried on by the more modern systems of hydraulic sluicing and dredging. Large quantities of gold have been won in and around the district, which is all gold-bearing, but no phenomenal finds have been recorded. Roxburgh—also known as the Teviot—is a great fruit-producing centre; as the climatic conditions and soil are admirably suitable, some of the finest fruit produced in the colony is grown in the district. In fact, this may be said of all the country lying between Island Block and Coal Creek. Agricultural farming is carried on in the flat and undulating country, and the hills are divided into small grazing runs. A bridge built over the Molyneux by the Provicinal Government in the early days, was washed away by the great flood of 1878, but it was replaced by a larger and stronger suspension traffic bridge. Another bridge spans the Teviot creek, which here flows into the Molyneux, and is fairly well stocked with trout.
In the town of Roxburgh there are more imposing buildings than are usually found in the small goldmining towns of the colony. The Presbyterian, Anglican, Roman Catholic and Wesleyan denominations have erected places of worship within the borough, and the Government buildings consist of a post and telegraph office, public school, and magistrate's court. The Bank of New Zealand has erected a handsome branch office here; and four hotels, and a number of up-to-date stores stand in the business portion of the town, which is surrounded by a number of pretty villa residences. A small reservoir provides an efficient water supply, distributed by one mile and a half of mains, and gives a pressure of 200 feet. The streets of the town are lighted with kerosene lamps. A large recreation reserve is used for athletic sports, and the municipality also has an endowment of 1300 acres. Football, cricket, tennis, and golf clubs, in addition to a brass band, are among the social attractions of the place, and on the east side of the river the local jockey club has a racecourse. The Orders of Oddfellows and Foresters have also established lodges. A large public hall has an Athenæum and public library attached, and the meetings of the borough council are held in this building. Roxburgh also has a local weekly newspaper named “The Mount Benger Mail.”
comprises an area of 400 acres, and the annual rateable value is £1783. A general rate of 1s 6d in the £ on the annual value, produces £133 11s 6d. The borough, which has a population of about 500, was formerly divided into wards, but this system has been abolished. Members for the year 1904: Messrs Robert T. Kinaston (Mayor), L. E. Haines, W. J. Mullin, John Sands, E. Hart, William Kinaston, William Bain, Robert Cockburn, John Harry Waigth and Dr. W. J. Mullin (councillors). Mr. Jabez Burton is the Town Clerk and Treasurer.
, who has represented Central Ward in the Roxburgh Borough Council since 1896, was born within the borough in 1872, and educated at the local schools. He learned his business as a baker in Roxburgh, and was employed by Mr. S. Wootton from 1889 to 1892, when he purchased the business. Mr. Kinaston was married, in 1896, to a daughter of Mr. T. McIntosh, of Roxburgh East, farmer, and has one daughter.
, who has been a member of the Roxburgh Borough Council since 1898, was Mayor from 1901 to 1902, and represented the borough at the presentation of an address of welcome to the Duke and Duchess of Cornwall and York, in Dunedin on the 25th of June, 1901. He is the third son of Mr. B. Hart, and was born at Wetherstones, where he was educated. Mr. Hart was apprenticed as a tailor, and subsequently worked at Dunedin and Invercargill before settling at Roxburgh, where he established his business in 1890. He is a member of the Roxburgh school committee, and treasurer and lecture-master of the Loyal Roxburgh Lodge of Oddfellows. He is a director of the Dryburgh Jubilee Dredging Company. Mr. Hart was married, in February, 1896, to a daughter of Mr. D. Cormack, of Roxburgh, and has two sons.
, J.P., Town Clerk, Treasurer, Valuer and Returning Officer for the Borough of Roxburgh, has hold these positions since 1876. He was born at Sawtry, Huntingdonshire, in 1839, educated in his native place at a private school conducted by an old Church of England minister; apprenticed as a draper, and came
, J.P., formerly Mayor of Roxburgh, was elected to the office in November, 1898. He became a member of the Council soon after its establishment, and has been mayor on four different occasions. Mr. Andrew was born in 1843 at Crossgates, Fifeshire. He learned his business as a blacksmith with his father, Mr. William Andrew, of Crossgates Foundry, and worked at the trade till leaving for Port Chalmers by the ship “Pladda,” which arrived on the 26th of December, 1862. He was at the Dunstan “rush,” and at Switzers, Waipori, and other places in Central Otago, where he engaged in goldmining. Mr. Andrew was afterwards for a year at Balclutha and at Oamaru respectively, and on the 9th of September, 1869, he began business as a general blacksmith and engineer. He was an older in the local Presbyterian Church for nearly twenty years, and served as a member of the Roxburgh school committee, and is a member, of the Loyal Roxburgh Lodge of Oddfellows, Manchester Unity, in which he has been through all the chairs several times, and has served as a trustee for over twenty years. Mr. Andrew was married, in 1872, to a daughter of the late Mr. W. Farmer, of Hobart. Mrs. Andrew is dead.
, who was at one time a Member of the Roxburgh Borough Council, was born in Caithness-shire, Scotland, in 1857, and came to Otago with his parents when he was three years of age. He was brought up at Kaikorai to country pursuits, settled in the Teviot district in 1871, and three years afterwards established himself as a butcher. He is the owner of eighteen acres of freehold, and resides on a leasehold run of 14,000 acres, on which 200 head of cattle are depastured. Mr. Bain has long been an extensive dealer in cattle, and as a butcher he supplies a large district. He is a member of the local Foresters' Lodge. Mr. Bain was married, in 1880, to a daughter of Mr. H. McDouall, and has five daughters and one son.
, who was a Member of the Roxburgh Borough Council for five years, was born at Castlemaine, Victoria, in 1862. When he was two years of age he accompanied his parents to Otago, and served his apprenticeship at Lawrence, where he worked at his trade as a blacksmith till 1883, when he purchased the business established by Mr. T. Cameron in 1869. The premises consist of a stone smithy, the proprietor's residence, also in stone, and four shops, which stand on freehold land. Mr. Whelan is also proprietor of the Cairn Hill run, which consists of 5000 acres of leasehold, on which 2000 sheep are depastured. This station is managed by Mr. Whelan's second son, who resides on the property. Mr. Whelan was married, in 1880, to a daughter of the late Mr. J. McGuire, of the North of Ireland, and has four sons and two daughters.
, which was established, first, as a post office in 1864, and as a telegraph office in 1868, is a stone building at the corner of Scotland and Hawick Streets. The building was completed on Good Friday, 1875, and consists of a postal and telegraph room, a public lobby, where there are sixteen private boxes, and a residence for the postmaster and his family. The Roxburgh Post Office is in telephonic communication with Coal Creek, Ettrick, Dumbarton and Miller's Flat. There is also a private wire to the Teviot station. It is said that the Roxburgh Post Office was the first place in New Zealand that made practical use of telephonic communication.
, Postmaster and Telegraphist, Registrar of Births, Deaths and Marriages, Government Insurance Agent, and Officer for the Old Age Pension Act, was born in London in 1838. He left school at ten years of age, and became a bushman at fifteen. In 1853 Mr. Coop arrived in Melbourne, but in a few months removed to Tasmania, where he worked for three years. He then returned to Victoria, where he was puddling at Kangaroo Gully, Bendigo, and afterwards engaged in sawing. In 1859 he went to Broken River, and was afterwards at Benalla and Albury, and was at Lambing Flat, in New South Wales, at the time of the Chinese riot. On the outbreak of the Gabriel's Gully “rush,” in 1861, he came to Otago, but returned to Victoria in June the following year. In February, 1862, Mr. Coop was at Cromwell, where he engaged in cutting timber for the first bridge over the Molyneux river; at that time he also cut timber for the Mountney Hotel, Cromwell. He was afterwards engaged in shearing and in other country pursuits till 1868, when he joined the post office as lineman between Queenstown and Tokomairiro, a distance of 144 miles. Having opportunities of learning telegraphy, he became an operator in about a month, and was left in charge of the Queenstown station on the 29th of September, the month in which he joined the service. Five years later he was transferred to the Roxburgh office, of which he has had charge since 1873. Mr. Coop was married, in 1869, to a daughter of Mr. F. Ballantyne, of Dunedin. This lady died in 1889, leaving two sons and four daughters. In 1893 Mr. Coop contracted a second marriage with the widow of Mr. T. P. Michelle, of Roxburgh, who had left four sons and six daughters. A son and a daughter have been born of the second marriage.
was established in 1869, but the wooden building now occupied was built at a cost of £600 in 1890; it consists of three class rooms and a large lobby, and has accommodation for 200 pupils. There are 183 names on the roll, and the average attendance is 134. The school has a good playground, and substantial playsheds are erected for use in rough weather. The ground is over an acre in extent, and has a large frontage to Scotland Street. The headmaster is assisted by a mistress and one pupil teacher.
, B.A., Master of the Roxburgh Public School, was born in Hobart, Tasmania, and educated at the Hobart High school, and at the New Zealand University, where he graduated Bachelor of Arts in 1884. He has held his present position in Roxburgh since October, 1882, Mr. Reilly commenced his scholastic career in Hobart, where he was a teacher for two years before coming to Otago in 1876. Soon after his arrival he joined the staff of the Otago Education Board, and was appointed to Allanton, where he remained one year. For five years subsequently he was headmaster of Waipori, and was appointed to Roxburgh in October, 1882. Mr. Reilly is vice-president of the cycling and cricket clubs, president of the Roxburgh Dramatic Club, and takes an interest generally in the various local bodies. He was married, in 1876, to a daughter of the late Mr. Wilcock, of Northumberland, and has three sons and one daughter. His eldest son was editor of the “Mount Benger Mail” from October, 1898, till shortly before his death in September, 1901.
(William Jack, Proprietor and Editor), Scotland Street, Roxburgh. This business was established on the 16th of May, 1880, by Mr. J. Weatherall, and conducted by him till September, 1896, when Messrs P. J. Dunne and W. P. Matthews became proprietors. Two years later Mr. Dunne retired from the firm, and the journal was afterwards conducted by Mr. Matthews, who was succeeded in the ownership by Mr. W. Jack. The “Mount Benger Mail” is a weekly publication, and contains six pages of seven columns each; it is published on Fridays, has an extensive circulation in Central Otago, and is an Independent Liberal in politics. The premises are leasehold, and the building, which is of stone, contains an Albion press, Platen jobbing machine, and a good font of newspaper and jobbing type.
, formerly Proprietor of the “Mount Benger Mail,” was born at Fairfax, near Milton, in 1867, and educated at Milton and Lawrence. For a time he worked as a journeyman in the “Tuapeka Times” office, Lawrence, and afterwards on the “Otago Daily Times,” Dunedin, the “Sydney Bulletin,” and the “Warracknabeal Herald,” Victoria. He returned to the colony in 1894, and again worked in the “Tuapeka Times” office till 1896, after which he joined Mr. Dunne in purchasing the “Mount Benger Mail.” Mr. Matthews was interested in the local railway league, of which he was secretary, and he was also secretary of the Teviot Horticultural Society. He was married, in November, 1895, to the second daughter of Mr. P. Howard, of Brim, Victoria, and had two sons. Mr. Matthews died on the 16th of January, 1904.
at Roxburgh occupies a corner section in Scotland Street. The institution has been represented in the district since July, 1869, and the present stone building, which was erected in 1881, includes the banking chamber, with the manager's residence of six rooms attached A branch at Miller's Flat is worked from Roxburgh, and is attended every Tuesday. The manager is assisted by an accountant.
, Manager of the Bank of New Zealand at Roxburgh, was born in Gloucestershire, England, in 1860. He was educated at the Cheltenham College, came to New Zealand in 1881, via Melbourne, and soon after wards entered the service of the bank as clerk in Christchurch. Two, months later he was transferred to Kaiapoi, and was subsequently accountant at Geraldine, Temuka, Palmerston, and Lawrence. Mr. Haines was appointed manager at Roxburgh in January, 1891. He is secretary and treasurer of the Athenæum, of which he was at one time president, and is president of the local football club and vice-president of the cricket, sports and cycling clubs. Mr. Haines is a member of the Anglican Church, and has been a churchwarden and treasurer since 1894. He was married, in 1891, to a daughter of the late Mr. A. Jamieson, and has one son and one daughter.
, J.P., Registered Mining Agent, Auctioneer and Commission Agent, Scotland Street, Roxburgh. Bankers, Bank of New Zealand. Mr. Burton established his business in 1876. His premises are centrally situated in the main street of Roxburgh, and he holds sales as required in town or country. Mr. Burton also acts as secretary to a number of gold dredging and other companies, including the Ettrick, Golden Run, Golden Gate, Golden Treasure, and the Ladysmith Gold Dredging Company, Limited, and is agent in the district for the National Fire and Marine Insurance Company of New Zealand, the New Zealand Fire and Marine Insurance Company, and the New Zealand Accident Insurance Company. He is referred to elsewhere as town clerk of Roxburgh.
, Baker and General Storekeeper, Scotland Street, Roxburgh. Bankers, Bank of New Zealand. Agent for the Royal Insurance Company. This old established business was conducted by Mr. S. Wootton prior to 1892, since which it has been carried on by the present proprietor. The buildings are erected on freehold land; they are built in stone, and consist of a substantially built shop and dwelling and bakery. Mr Kinaston's connection extends five miles to Coal Creek on the one hand, and about fifteen miles in the direction of Lawrence. Mr. Kinaston is referred to in another article as Mayor of Roxburgh.
, Merchant Tailor, Scotland Street, Roxburgh. Bankers, Bank of New Zealand. Established 1890, Mr. Hart's premises consist of a stone building of one storey, with large double-fronted shop and workroom behind, erected on freehold land. There is also a residence attached. Mr. Hart is elsewhere referred to as a member of the Roxburgh Borough Council.
(John Harry Waigth, licensee; Mrs Catherine Lucas, manager), Scotland Street, Roxburgh. This house contains nine bedrooms, two sitting-rooms, a commercial room, a billiard room, and a dining-room, which will accommodate forty guests, and the stables have four stalls and one loose box. The hotel was established in 1870, and has ever since been under the management of Mrs Lucas.
, Manager, was born in Lancashire, England, and was left an orphan at seven years of age. She was brought up near Birmingham, and came out to Victoria with her guardian in 1853, and in 1855 was married to Mr. Harry Waigth, in Melbourne. This gentleman died in 1860, leaving one son. Mrs Lucas' second husband was Mr. C. R. D. Richardson, who came to the colony in 1864, and settled in the Roxburgh district. Mr. Richardson, who was drowned in 1868, left two sons and one daughter. Mrs Lucas was again married in 1871, to Mr. Charles Lucas, her present husband. One of Mrs.
(Mrs Harriet A. Heron, proprietress), corner of Scotland and Hawick Streets, Roxburgh. This handsome hostelry is a modern building of two stories, erected in brick, and occupies the leading site in the town, opposite the post office. As one of the largest and most convenient hotels in Central Otago, it provides ample accommodation for visitors and tourists, and the bedrooms are large and well appointed. It has also a commercial room, billiard room, and several sitting rooms, in addition to bathrooms and other conveniences. Special apartments are set apart for ladies. The Commercial Hotel is the stopping-place for Cobb and Co.'s mail coach from Lawrence, and the starting-point for the coaches to Alexandra and Queenstown. In connection with the hotel there is a livery stable, which is also used by Messrs Craig and Co., for their coach horses. The hotel, which was established in Ferry Road, Roxburgh, in 1864, was acquired by the late Mr. H. H. Heron, in February, 1875. Since his death it has been conducted by his widow, who erected the present commodious and handsome building.
, who was a son of Major Heron, was born in New South Wales, and educated in England. he was brought up to pastoral pursuits, but after settling in New Zealand he was in business in Timaru as a butcher for a short time, and was for several years a storekeeper in the Lawrence district. He acquired the Commercial Hotel at Roxburgh in 1875, and carried it on till his death in 1896, since which the house has been efficiently conducted by Mrs Heron. Mr. Heron was married, in 1861, to the widow of Mr. W. Bowbyes, of Timaru.
(A. H. Wedderspoon, Proprietor), Scotland Street, Roxburgh. Ormond's Hotel was established about 1869. The original building, which was of wood, was destroyed by fire in August, 1896; the present house was completed in May of the following year. At the back of the hotel there is a tree which was planted by Mrs Ormond about the time the hotel was established, and which is now fully twelve feet in circumference.
, formerly Proprietor of Ormond's Hotel, was born in Somersetshire, England, in 1855, and accompanied his parents to Port Chalmers by the ship “Cashmere” in 1869. He was brought up to business in the Colony, and entered the service of the Bank of Otago, in which he remained till the National Bank took it over. Mr Spooner had about eight years' banking experience altogether, and subsequently engaged in mining in Central Otago for about sixteen years, during which he resided at Macetown and Shotover. He afterwards became proprietor of Ormond's Hotel. Mr. Spooner was married, on the 21st of November, 1882, to a daughter of the late Mr. E. Elliot, of Macetown, and has three sons and two daughters. He now (1904) resides at Akaroa, where he is proprietor of Waeckerle's Hotel.
, J.P., General Blacksmith and Engineer, Scotland Street, Roxburgh. Bankers, Bank of New Zealand. Established 1869. The premises consist of a freehold section of three-quarters of an acre, on which are erected a shop and dwelling in stone. Mr. Andrew's workshop contains a turning lathe and other appliances for engineering work. Mr. Andrew is elsewhere referred to as a former Mayor of Roxburgh.
(Henry Veale), General Merchants, Scotland Street, Roxburgh. Agents for the Colonial Mutual Life, Victoria Fire Insurance Company, and for the New Zealand Fire Insurance Company. Bankers, Bank of New Zealand. The business conducted by this firm, which occupies a leading position in Roxburgh, was established in 1864 by the firm of Mackay Bros., the partners in which were Messrs J. and G. F. Mackay. It was conducted by the firm till about 1882, when Mr. G. F. Mackay retired from the business, which was then continued under the same style, by Mr. J. Mackay, until his death in July, 1898. For four months subsequently the business was conducted by trustees, from whom Mr. Veale bought it. The premises of the firm consist of a leasehold stone store, a chaff house, timber yards, stables and other outbuildings. The land is about an acre in extent, and extends right through to the back street. There is also a storeman's cottage on the property. The departments of this large business are drapery, ironmongery, grocery, timber, etc., and as the firm buys for cash in the open markets, it is thus able to offer every advantage to its customers, who extend from Coal Creek to the Island Block. A branch store was established in January, 1899, at Miller's Flat.
was born in Cornwall in 1860, educated and apprenticed to a draper in St. Columb, and was afterwards with Messrs Cook, Son and Co., of St. Paul's Churchyard, London, for four years. He came to Otago, via Melbourne, in 1882, when he joined the staff of Messrs Sargood, Son and Ewen, and was stationed in Auckland, where he gained experience in various departments, and latterly had the management of the Manchester department. In 1892, he joined a Fiji firm, but returned to Auckland after two years' experience, and was in the employment of Messrs Cook and Gray, for whom he opened a branch of their business in Dunedin. He then rejoined Messrs Sargood, Son and Ewen in Dunedin, and continued with the firm till December, 1898, as manager of the dress department. Mr. Veale was married, in 1887, to a daughter of the late Mr. G. Grice, of Auckland, and has two daughters.
, Farmer and Fruit Grower, Birchdale, Benger Flat, Roxburgh. The property owned by Mr. Birch consists of 590 acres of freehold, of which thirty-two acres are in orchard, and about 400 sheep are depastured on the land. Mr. Birch, who was born in Leek, Staffordshire, in 1840, became a clerk on the North Staffordshire Railway at the age of twelve, and continued in the service of the company till coming out to the colonies in 1860, when he arrived in Melbourne. He was at the Ovens goldfield, and came to the Dunstan “rush” in 1862. Two years later Mr. Birch settled in the Teviot district, where he was for several years engaged in mining, and was a part owner of a portion of the mine now worked by the amalgamated company. In 1866 he settled on a portion of the property which he now owns. He has paid great attention to his orchard, which produces scores of tons of fruit every year. Mr. Birch has three waggons and nine horses, which are used to take the fruit from the orchard to the Dunedin markets. He was married, in 1869, to a daughter of the late Mr. John Beighton, of Nottingham. This lady died in 1871. In 1875, Mr. Birch married the widow of the late Captain J. MeIntyre, of Dunedin, and one daughter has been born of this union.
, Fruit Grower, Roxburgh. Mr. Broad was born at Tavistock, Devonshire, England, on the 8th of September, 1830. He was brought up as a miner, and emigrated to Adolaide in 1853, but subsequently went to Victoria, where he was goldmining till 1866, when he came to Otago, where he still followed mining. Some years later he built the hotel in Roxburgh, now known as the Goldfields Hotel, but which was conducted by him under the name of the Queen's Head Hotel for about four years. In 1886 he settled on three acres of freehold land, laid out in orchard and vineyard. Mr. Broad was married, in 1853, to a daughter of the late Mr. R. Cornish, of South Petherwyn, Cornwall, and a sister of the late Mr. T. Cornish, of the Terminus Hotel, Dunedin. This lady died on the 1st of October, 1882, leaving two sons and four daughters, and there are twenty grandchildren, and one great grandchild.
, Fruit Grower, “Halwyn,” Roxburgh. This property consists of twenty-five acres of freehold land, and three acres held under an occupation license. About ten acres are laid out in orchard, and there is also a considerable portion planted in strawberries. The orchard itself was planted in 1887. Mr. Harris was born near Penzance, Cornwall, on the 26th of April, 1843, came to Port Chalmers in 1863 by the ship “Cecelia,” and was for a short time engaged in goldmining. In 1872 Mr. Harris was in Auckland, and worked in the celebrated Caledonian mine at the Thames. Prior
, Farmer, Roxburgh East. Mr. Haughton's farm consists of 352 acres of freehold, and 3,200 acres of leasehold, on which he depastures 2000 sheep. He was born near Stockport, in Cheshire, England, in July, 1835, and was brought up as a miner. In 1852 he landed in Victoria, where he was for a short time engaged in the butchery business, and afterwards became interested in mining. The arrived in Dunedin on the 12th of September, 1861; went to Gabriel's Gully two days after its opening, was subsequently at Waitahuna, Wetherstones, Tokomairiro, and Tuapeka, and settled in the Teviot district on the 29th of December, 1866. He was senior partner in the sluicing claim of Haughton and Party, at Commissioners Flat. Mr. Haughton served about twelve years on the Roxburgh school committee, and was chairman for three years; he also served for nine years on the Roxburgh cemetery committee, and was secretary and treasurer for some time. He was married on the 16th of September, 1868, to a daughter of the late Mr. J. Kennedy, of Donegal, Ireland, and has five sons and four daughters.
, Farmer, Teviot Flat, Roxburgh. Mr. Mackintosh was born in Sutheriandshire, Scotland, in 1833, and came out to New South Wales in 1866, but removed to Victoria in the following year. He was engaged in road and railway construction till 1861, when he settled in Otago. Mr. Mackintosh has had a mining experience of some twenty years, and has been a settler on the Teviot Fiat since 1874, when he bought the first portion of his estate. The property consists of 280 acres freehold and 200 acres of leasehold land, and he has resided on it since 1876. Mr. Mackintosh was at one time a member of the local school committee. He was married, in 1802, to a daughter of Mr. J. Crossan, of Commissioners Flat, and has one daughter and one grandchild: his only son met his death by drowning.
, Master Gardener, Roxburgh. Mr. Malcolmson was born in Liverpool in 1850. For about six years he was at sea, and left his ship in Port Chalmers in 1876. He worked for the Union Company for about twelve years on its coasting steamers, and for several years as a stevedore on the Dunedin wharf. In 1893 he settled at Roxburgh, and after working for five years on the Dunedin dredge, became one of the proprietors of the Endeavour dredge early in 1898. Mr. Malcolmson was married, in 1896, to a daughter of the late Quartermaster-Sergeant McMurray, of the North of Ireland, and has three sons.
is the property of Mr. Matthew Elliott, and was originally part of the Teviot station. It comprises 40,000 acres of leasehold land and 670 acres of freehold.
, formerly Manager of the Mount Benger Station, was born at Eweburn Station in 1865, and educated at the Lawrence District High School. He was brought up to pastoral life, was for sixteen years in the employment of the New Zealand Agricultural Company, and had charge of one of the company's out-stations at one time. He retired from the company's service in 1897, and was appointed manager of the Mount Benger station in May, 1898. As a Freemason, he is a member of Lodge Tarin-gatura, No. 100, New Zealand Constitution, and was secretary for two years. Mr. Anderson is the eldest son of Mr. Daniel Anderson, stock manager of the New Zealand Agricultural Company in Southland, and is jointly interested with his father in a farm in that district. He was married in January, 1899,
, Farmer and Fruit Grower, Hillside Farm, Roxburgh. Mr. Wilson was born in County Antrim, Ireland, in 1836, was brought up to agriculture, emigrated in 1857 to Victoria, where he was goldmining for five years, and came to Otago in 1862. He was for many years mining in the Roxburgh district, and settled on his property in, 1874. He has 438 acres of freehold land, fourteen acres of which are planted in orchard. Mr. Wilson was married, in 1877, to a daughter of the late Mr. M. Bruce, of County Derry, Ireland, and has two daughters, one son, and one grandchild.
, sometime of “Glenlea,” Teviot Flat, Roxburgh, was born at Loch Carron, Ross-shire, Scotland, in 1830, and was brought up to seafaring and fishing pursuits. He came out to Victoria in 1857 in the ship “Miles Barton,” and was engaged in goldmining in that Colony till 1859. He then went to Rockhampton to the Port Curtis “rush,” but, meeting with no success, returned to Melbourne, whence he sailed in 1861 to the Gabriel's Gully “rush.” Mr. Macdonald was subsequently at the Dunstan diggings, and went in 1862 to Roxburgh, where he was for a number of years engaged in mining on the Molyneux. In 1877 he moved to his farm of “Glenlea.” Finding that his land would be more productive if irrigated, he, in conjunction with Messrs Mackintosh and Woodhouse, who were his neighbours, brought in a water-race from Wooden Hut Creek for irrigation purposes. Mr. Macdonald was married, in 1868, to a daughter of the late Mr. John Crossan, of Commissioners Flat, and had three sons and one daughter. He died on the 16th of June, 1900.
, who was one of the working shareholders of the Endeavour Dredge at Roxburgh, was born in Devonshire, England, in 1856. Heservedan apprenticeship for five years as a potter, and worked at his trade till 1874, when he sailed for Port Chalmers by the ship “Hindostan.” For about ton years he worked on the late Mr. W. Snell's property at Coal Creek. Mr. Snell bought an interest in the Endeavour dredge in 1898, and became a working shareholder. He was married, on the 6th of May, 1895, to a daughter of the late Mr. Jones, of Seaforth, Ireland, and had one son and one daughter. Mr. Snell died on the 1st of June, 1900.
, sometime of Woodland Farm, Teviot Flat, Roxburgh, was horn at Preston, Lancashire, England, on the 15th of July, 1828, and was brought Up as an Engineer. He came to Victoria in 1853, and from that time was engaged largely in goldmining. Mr. Woodhouse landed in Otago in 1861, and was at the opening of the Waitahuna diggings. After a few months he returned to Melbourne and went to the Lachlan “rush,” but came back to New Zealand and settled at Toviot in September, 1862. He was for a number of years in business as a hotel-keeper on the site of the Amalgamated Company's claim at Roxburgh. In 1874 Mr. Woodhouse took up land in the district, and went to reside on his property in 1875. He had 550 acres of freehold and 1800 acres of leasehold, on which he depastured about 1700 sheep. Mr. Woodhouse was a member of the Roxburgh Borough Council for several years, and also served on the local school committee. In 1869, he was married to a daughter of the late Mr. Patrick Fitzgerald, of Ireland, and had two sons and one daughter. Mr. Woodhouse died on the 16th of June, 1899, and Mrs Woodhouse, on the 29th of July, in the same year.
has long been a settler in Roxburgh East, and was born in Fife-shire, Scotland, in 1834. He served an apprenticeship of four years at sea, and worked for two years afterwards as an able seaman. Mr. Young came to Victoria in 1853, and has since been engaged in mining. In 1861 he arrived at Gabriel's Gully, and was afterwards for six months at Waitahuna. He returned to Australia, and was at the Lachlan diggings in Now South Wales, but soon came back to Roxburgh, and was interested with Mr. J. Woodhouse in mining properties. On his way to the Dunstan “rush,” Mr. Young found gold at Teviot Flat. He settled in the district in 1862, and had to live on wild pork
, Engineer on the Lady Roxburgh Dredge, was born at Dumbarton, Scotland, in 1855, and served his time with Messrs Denny and Co., the celebrated shipbuilders, with whom he worked for five years, after completing his term of apprenticeship. He came to New Zealand in 1879, as one of the engineers on board the s.s. “Te Anau”; subsequently he went Home in the s.s. “Austral,” but returned to the Colony again by the s.s. “Maranoa.” Mr. Gourley afterwards worked at the Timaru Freezing Works, and was also engineer of the Waitati sawmill, for three years. He was employed on the erection of the Enterprise dredge at Clyde, and worked on the dredge for eighteen months; and was afterwards engineer and manager of the Perseverance dredge. For a time Mr. Gourley was living at Collingwood, Nelson, where he dismantled the Golden Bay dredge, which he brought from Collingwood to Dunedin. He was afterwards engineer and manager for two years on board the Adina dredge, and subsequently worked in Dunedin. Mr. Gourley bought a share in the Roxburgh dredge, which he worked for a year, and then put a man in his place and accepted the position of engineer on the Dunedin dredge, in October, 1898. Mr. Gourley was employed, in Alexandra, to fit up Mr. Kelman's engineering shop, the first of its kind in Central Otago. He was married, in 1891, to a daughter of the late Mr. J. Mitchell, of Waitaki, and has five daughters and two sons.
, near Roxburgh; Mr. Andrew Rennie, manager. Mr. Rennie was born in Stirlingshire, Scotland, in 1867, and arrived in the colony in 1889, via Melbourne. He had been brought up as an iron turner in Falkirk, but subsequently went to sea for six years. After being three months in Dunedin, Mr. Rennie settled in the Roxburgh district, and has been engaged in dredging since 1883. He was successively winchman, fireman and manager of the Roxburgh dredge, until its sale to the Endeavour Company, in which he was part owner. Mr. Rennie is a member of Court Roxburgh, Ancient Order of Foresters.
, formerly Manager of the Magnetic Dredge at Roxburgh, was born in Derbyshire, England. He arrived at Port Chalmers with his parents, on the first voyage of the “William Davie,” in the year 1866, was educated in the Colony, and has been connected with dredging for fully twenty years. In the first instance he found employment at Miller's Flat, and was subsequently on the Enterprise dredge (a current wheel dredge) at that place and in Roxburgh. Mr. Kitto worked altogether on this dredge for about eleven years, and was manager for the last five years of the period. He was afterwards also manager of the Ettrick dredge, and was appointed to the Magnetic dredge on the 1st of February, 1899, and afterwards to the Prince Arthur dredge at Shotover. Mr. Kitto was married, in 1887, to a daughter of Mr. W. Thompson, of Beaumont, and has two sons and three daughters.
, Miner, Roxburgh East. Mr. Coulter was born in County Antrim, Ireland, in 1849, brought up to agriculture, and was afterwards in the grocery business for three years and a-half. He came to Port Chalmers by the ship “Undaunted,” and after being for eight months in Naseby, he settled in the Roxburgh district, where he bought into a claim and worked his share till 1873, when he took a trip to the Old Country, whence he returned five years later. Since 1892 be has been one of the partners
, Miner, Roxburgh East. Mr. Louden was born in County Derry, Ireland, in 1837, and brought up on uis father's farm, but came to Victoria in 1857, and since then he has been actively engaged in mining. In 1861 he arrived in Otago, and was successively at Gabriel's Gully, Waitahuna and Wetherstones. He went back to Sydney for a short time, but returned to Otago at the time of the Hartley and Riley “rush,” and was afterwards at the Dunstan, Shotover, and other diggings in Otago. He then went to the West Coast, and was subsequently at the Gympie diggings, Queensland, and later on at the Gilbert Ranges. Mr. Louden settled in the Teviot district in 1871, and is senior partner in the firm of Louden and Co. He has since been working on a large hydraulic sluicing claim at East Roxburgh. Mr. Louden was marriea, in 1887, to a daughter of Mr. C. Muller, of North Waitahuna, and has one son and two daughters.
, Miner, Roxburgh East. Mr. Moore was born in Raphoe County, Ireland, in 1851, and brought up to country life. He came to Port Chalmers by the ship “Marie Band,” and followed gold and coalmining. In 1896 he settled in the Roxburgh district, having previously resided at Coal Creek Flat for many years, and served as a member of the local school committee. Mr. Moore is one of the partners of Louden and Co., and for a time he worked on a large hydraulic sluicing claim at Roxburgh East. He was married, in 1871, to a daughter of Mr. E. Stephenson, of Raphoe County, Ireland. This lady died in 1874, leaving one daughter. Mr. Moore contracted a second marriage in 1881, with a daughter of Mr. J. Stringer, of Roxburgh and there are three sons and four daughters of this union.
, formerly a miner at Roxburgh, was born in 1840, near Pictou, Nova Scotia. His father being a farmer, his early experiences were gained in connection with country life. At the end of 1858, he arrived in Victoria, where he received his first lessons in goldmining. He landed in Otago during the first week of January, 1862, and visited Tuapeka and Dunstan, but finally settled at Roxburgh, on the 1st of September, 1862. Thenceforward he was interested in goldmining and waterraces. He experienced the usual ups and downs, and suffered a sad reverse from the big flood of 1878. Mr. MacKenzie was the first to set a cradle on the river beach at Roxburgh; his two mates, at that time, Low and Perry, have been dead for several years. Afterwards he was the caretaker of the Hercules water-races. He served for many years on the local school committee, to which he was elected soon after the school was opened; and was also the first Vice-Grand and the second Grand Master of the Roxburgh Oddfellows' Lodge. He has twice passed throagh all the chairs, and is now the oldest living officer. In the beginning of 1864, three of his mates—J. Low, J. Robinson, and T. Law, all lying in the Roxburgh cemetery nowopened the first coalpit at Coal Creek, Roxburgh, and attempted to deliver their first load on a home-made lorry, with solid wooden wheels. Their conveyance, however, took fire about two miles from the pit. Mr. MacKenzie was married, in 1872, to Margaret, daughter of Mr. Laurence Blade, and has four sons and three daughters. Mr. MacKenzie left New Zealand for California in April, 1904, with the intention of settling at Folsom, Sacramento county, in that State of the American Union.
, near Roxburgh, is conducted in a wooden building, which has a glebe of five acres of land. The school was originally opened below Ettrick. It has accommodation for thirty-five pupils, the roll number is from twenty to twenty-five, and the average attendance from sixteen to twenty-one. There is a six-roomed residence for the teacher. Miss L. lies is now (1904) in charge.
(Peter McGill, Milton, proprietor), Roxburgh. This mill was established in 1870, and is a three-storey wooden building, with a complete roller milling plant, capable of producing two sacks of flour per hour. The machinery is driven by a water turbine.
, Manager of the Moa Flat Flour Mill, was born in Hampshire, England, in 1864. He was educated in Melbourne, came to New Zealand in 1874, but returned to Victoria, and was brought up to the milling trade in Melbourne. Mr. Rickard came back to Otago in 1885, entered the service of Mr. McGill in 1891, and was appointed to the management of the Moa Flat mill in 1897. He was for several years secretary of the Evan's Flat school committee, and was married, in 1898, to a daughter of Mr. G. Brook, of Evan's Flat.
, Farmer, Moa Flat, Roxburgh. The property occupied by this lady consists of 300 acres of freehold land and 1500 acres of leasehold, on which about 1000 sheep are depastured. Mrs Tubman is the widow of the late Mr. Robert Tubman, who was born in the North of Ireland in the year 1834, and who took up his property at Moa Flat in the early days. Mr. Tubman, who was interested in mining, was a member of the committee of the Miners' Association, and also of the local school committee. He was married, in 1875, to a daughter of the late Mr. J. Kennedy, of County Cavan, Ireland, and when he died on the 2nd of November, 1886, he left two sons and two daughters. Mrs Tubman came to Port Chalmers in the ship “Zealandia” in 1870, and resided at Ophir for two years before her marriage.
is a long, narrow strip of settlement lying between the Mount Benger Range and the Molyneux river, and its centre is four miles north from Roxburgh. The chief industries are coal mining, farming, fruit growing, dredging, and hydraulic sluicing. Some of the coal seams at this place are from 100 to 200 feet in thickness. Coal Creek Flat has a public school, post and telegraph office, and a Wesleyan church.
, Fruit Grower and Miner, Coal Creek Flat. Mr. Manuel was born at Blue Spur in the year 1869, and educated at the Roxburgh and Coal Creek schools. He was brought up as a miner, and since the death of his father, Mr. M. E. Manuel, he has been a director of the Fruit Growers' Association. He takes a great interest in the Roxburgh Sports Club, and was at one time prominent as an athlete.
, Settler, Coal Creek Flat. This lady is a native of Perthshire, Scotland, and a daughter of Mr. W. Speedy, who came to Port Nicholson in the year 1841, and at once settled in Wellington. In 1857 Mr. Speedy removed to Ballarat, Victoria. Mrs Manuol was married, in 1867, to Mr. Moses Edwin Manuel, who died on the 3rd of May, 1897, leaving three sons and two daughters. The late Mr. Manuel arrived in the Colony at the time of the Blue Spur “rush,” and settled at Coal Creek Flat in 1871. He was engaged in mining in the district, but soon after his arrival he commenced fruit growing on the property, which is now held by his widow, and consists of thirty acres of freehold land, ten acres of which are laid out in orchard. There is also a leasehold run of 1,700 acres, on which about 1000 sheep are depastured. Mr. Manuel served as a Justice of the Peace for two or three years before his death. He took a considerable interest in the Railway League, and served on the Roxburgh and Coal Creek school committees, and was for some years a member of the local Mining Association. Mr. Manuel was also one of the directors and founders of the local Fruit Growers' Association. He was a member of the Loya, Roxburgh Lodge, No. 5733, of Oddfellows, in which he passed all the chairs.
, Settler, Coal Creek. Mr. Martin was born in Cornwall, England, in 1852, came to Port Chalmers in the ship “Ajmeer,” in 1868, and has since then been engaged in mining. He has served as a member of the Coal Creek school committee for several years. Mr. Martin is attached to the Loyal Roxburgh Lodge of Oddfellows, and has passed all the chairs. He was married, in 1889, to a daughter of Mr. J. Weatherall, of Lawrence, and has one son.
, Fruit Grower,” Fairlie,' Coal Creek Flat. Mr. Uren's property consists of twenty-five acres of freehold land, about six acres of which are down in orchard. The proprietor was born in 1846, in the parish of Gwennap, Cornwall, England, where he received his education. He came to Port Chalmers in October, 1863, by the shlip “Phœbe Dunbar,” and has been interested in mining during the greater portion of his time. Prior to settling at Coal Creek Flat he was at the Blue Spur in 1873. Mr. Uren has served as a member of the local school committee,
, sometime of Coal Creek, was born at Treen, in the parish of St. Levan, Cornwall, in the year 1828. He was brought up to a country life and came to Victoria in 1853. He engaged in mining, carting, and agricultural work, and was subsequently employed on the erection of the first Parliamentary Buildings in Melbourne. In January, 1861, he came to Otago, and became largely interested in goldmining. After living a year at Tuapeka, Mr. Bennets removed to Coal Creek Flat, where he owned a freehold property of forty-nine acres. He served on the local school committee for several years. In 1856 Mr. Bennets was married to a daughter of Mr. J. Eddy, of the parish of St. Buryan, Cornwall. This lady died in 1893, leaving three sons and three daughters, and there were fourteen grandchildren. Mr. Bennets died early in 1904.
, Sometime of Coal Creek, was born in Devonshire, England, on the 24th of August, 1826, and came to Victoria in 1855, where he followed godmining for about six years. He arrived in Otago in 1862, and settled in the Teviot District, but eighteen months later he returned to Victoria. On coming back to Otago in November, 1866, he brought his wife and family with him, settled in the Coal Creek district, and engaged in mining on the Molyneux river, Soon after his arrival he planted an orchard, and was one of the first to become a fruit grower in the district. Mr. Tamblyn subsequently acquired a freehold property of 405 acres, of which about ten acres were laid out by him in orchard. He served on the Coal Creek school committee for three years, and was a member of the local Fruit Growers' Association, of which he was one of the promoters. Mr. Tamblyn had long been connected with the Wesleyan Church, which he joined in Victoria. He took a leading part in the establishment of the little church at Coal Creek, and was one of the trustees of the property, and also of the church at Roxburgh. For a few years he had been a local preacher in connection with the Wesleyan body, and often filled the local pulpit. He established a Sabbath school soon after returning from Victoria, and was its superintendent for over thirty-six years. In the early days of settlement Mr. Tamblyn had one of the finest vegetable gardens on the banks of the Molyneux river. He was married on the 9th of August, 1851, to a daughter of the late Mr. J. Stonelake, of Christow, Devonshire, England, and had one son and three daughters. Mr. Tamblyn died on the 27th of January, 1904.
(Coal Creek Colliers' Company, proprietor), Coal Creek. This mine contains sixteen acres of a mining lease
, formerly Proprietor of Coskery's Conlpit, was born at Kelton Hill, Dumfriesshire, Scotland, in 1843. He was brought up to agriculture on his father's farm, and came to Port Chalmers by the ship “Robert Henderson,” in 1872. At first he settled in the Moeraki district, and subsequently engaged in contract ploughing and farm work in the Otepopo district for eleven years. He was afterwards employed by the late Mr. R. Gillies, of Awamoko, for nineteen years. Mr. Coskery subsequently bought 290 acres of land at Beaumont, and continued to farm it till 1899, when he disposed of his property, and purchased his coal mine. Mr. Coskery has served on the local school committees at Moeraki and Beaumont. He was married, in 1874, to a daughter of the late Mr. J. Reid, of Moeraki, and has two sons and three daughters, and several grandchildren Mr. Coskery went to reside at Pomahaka when he left Coal Creek.
(Mrs Mary McPherson, proprietress), Coal Creek. This mine was opened in 1873. It consists of a mining lease of ten acres, held for a term of twenty-one years, with right of renewal, and from 150 to 160 tons of coal are produced every month. The workings are on an open face, and the seam which is being worked is fully 30 feet in depth. Drays are loaded in the mine, and several of the local dredges are supplied with coal.
was born at Armadale, Linlithgowshire, Scotland, and came with her parents to Port Chalmers in 1867, by the ship “Caribou.” She was a daughter of Mr. John Crossan, of Roxburgh, and was married in 1874 to Mr. Archibald John McPherson, who died in 1884, leaving two daughters and three sons.
(James Craig, proprietor), Coal Creek. This property consists of a mining lease of sixteen acres, and twenty acres held under occupation license. It has been worked since September, 1887. The present proprietor put in a tunnel, but unfortunately the coal took fire, and has since then been a source of trouble and expense. The coal is raised by a wire rope and patent winch, driven by a Pelton wheel, which draws one ton at a time, up an incline with a grade of 1 in 4. Mr. Craig works his mine on the board and pillar principle, and the water is taken out of the mine with a hydraulic pump, which does the work in a very satisfactory manner. The output is 100 tons a week, and the coal, which is a lignite, is considered to be the best in the district.
, Proprietor, was born in Dreghorn, Ayrshire, Scotland, in 1842, and was apprenticed as a calico machine printer. He worked for eighteen years for Messrs Hayes and Sons, in Renfrewshire, Scotland, arrived at Port Chalmers in 1874 by the ship “Wild Deer,” went to Waitahuna, and settled eventually in the Coal Creek district. From 1875 to 1887, when he acquired the Perseverance coal mine, Mr. Craig was foreman of roads for the Tuapeka County Council. After settling in the Coal Creek district he took a prominent part in establishing the Coal Creek school, and acted as a member of the committee for some time. As a Freemason he is a member of a Scottish Lodge, but is unattached in New Zealand. Mr. Craig was married in 1863, to Mary, youngest daughter of the late Mr. William Sproul, of Renfrewshire, Scotland, and has seven sons and three daughters, and seventeen grandchildren.
. Sluicing Claim, Coal Creek. This claim consists of ten acres and a water-race, which is brought in from a distance of twelve miles, and has about eight heads of water.
, one of the proprietors, was born in 1876 at Coal Creek Flat. He was brought up to farming and mining, and has been continuously engaged in mining since 1892. Mr. Michelle was married on the 6th of April, 1898, and has one daughter.
was born in 1878 at Coal Creek Flat, where he was educated and brought up to mining and farming.
is one of the oldest and most noteworthy pastoral properties in Otago. It consists of 25,000 acres of freehold, and 50,000 acres of leasehold land, and carries about 40,000 sheep, chiefly Merinos. The property was originally owned by Messrs Cargill and Anderson, from whom it was bought by Mr. W. T. Scrimgeour, who settled on it in 1891. About twelve years afterwards Teviot station was bought by its present owners, of whom Mr. D. Macfarlane is the resident partner.
was born in Perthshire, Scotland, in 1856, and was educated at Perth and Edinburgh. He passed his early years on his father's farm, where he was brought up to agricultural and pastoral work. In 1878 he came to New Zealand, via Melbourne. In order to gain colonial experience, he engaged in station life at Kurow, Clydevale, and on the Levels estate. He was appointed manager of the Kurow station in 1885, and of Hakataramea estate in the following year. Early in the year 1900 the Hakataramea Downs estate was purchased by the New Zealand and Australian Land Company, and it and the Hakataramea estate were both managed as one property by Mr. Macfarlane until he left to reside on the Teviot station. Mr. Macfarlane was elected first chief of the Waitaki Gaelic Society, and held the position for many years. He was married, in 1882, to Miss Brydone, and has six sons and one daughter.
, an old mining district, is within two miles of the Molyneux river, on the main road between Roxburgh and Alexandra, being eighteen miles distant from the former and ten miles from the latter place. It is connected with the coach service between Lawrence and Queenstown. Sheep farming is carried on in the district, which is very hilly, and quartz mining and hydraulic sluicing are also local industries. Bald Hill Flat has a public school and post office, and also a Roman Catholic church. Other denominations hold services in the school. There is a hotel in the township; and seven miles nearer Roxburgh, on the main road, there is the Shingle Creek Hotel.
(James Galvin, proprietor), Shingle Creek, Bald Hill Flat. This hotel is a convenient accommodation house, largely used by waggoners, and there are paddocks and a stable connected with the premises.
, formerly proprietor of the Shingle Creek Hotel, was born in County Clare, Ireland, in the year 1840, and was brought up to a country life. He came out to Australia in 1857, and commenced carting from Geelong to the various goldfields. In 1860 he joined a firm in establishing a hay and corn store at Redbank. This was conducted till 1862, when he came to Otago. He was successively at Nokomai, Nevis and Clyde. Soon after arriving in the Dunstan district, Mr. Galvin pitched his tent on a site in the Clyde township, and after being there for five days he received the sum of £35, to move elsewhere and make room for a storekeeper to erect his business premises. When the “rush” set in to Fox's, Mr. Galvin carried a swag containing drapery goods, which he succeeded in selling at a profit of £20 in less than an hour after his arrival. He had some exciting experiences in the early days of the goldfields, where horses brought as much as £75, and a first-class animal could not be obtained for even that sum. Mr. Galvin afterwards worked at Conroy's Gully, and became interested in a store at the Half Mile Beach, below Alexandra, where he remained for a year. In 1864, he had the Sportsman's Arms Hotel, in Alexandra, and soon afterwards disposed of it, and purchased the Union Hotel. Three years later Mr. Galvin abandoned the license of the latter hotel, because he was refused permission to play any kind of musical instrument in his house. Mr. Galvin himself is an expert on the Irish and Scotch bagpipes, as well as the flute and violin. He settled in the Shingle Creek district in 1867, and after considerable difficulty, and the exercise of a great deal of patience, succeeded in gaining a freehold section. His property consists of 319 acres at Chasm Creek, and of 200 acres attached to the Shingle Creek Hotel. Mr. Galvin was married, in 1866, to a daughter of the late Mr. M. O'Loughlin, of County Clare, Ireland, and has five sons, four daughters, and two grandchildren. He now (1904) resides at Cardrona.
, formerly known by the more euphonious name of Manuherikia, is the centre of the golddredging industry in Otago. Situated on the Dunstan Flat, at the junction of the Molyneux and Manuherikia rivers, Alexandra, like most towns in Central Otago, is surrounded by a series of ranges and hills, prominent among which are the Obelisk and Dunstan Ranges, locally termed the Old Man and Old Woman Ranges. The town, which is in the county of Vincent, lies 128 miles north-west
A more permanently profitable industry than gold mining, namely, fruit-growing, is being attempted with considerable success in the neighbourhood of Alexandra; and with the advent of the Otago Central railway-which is slowly, but surely, creeping towards the Molyneux—this branch of industry will receive considerable impetus. Messrs Howden and Monerieff, who have established a large nursery and orchard near Alexandra, and other older-established orchardists, have not only amply demonstrated the suitability of the soil for fruit culture; but, in addition to growing all kinds of fruit equal to the best Californian, they have also grown the finest hops produced in the colony. Much of the land, however, will require to be irrigated before the best results can be obtained from its cultivation.
The town of Alexandra South is pleasantly situated, and contains a number of substantial business houses and pretty villa residences. Churches of the Presbyterian, Anglican, and Catholic denominations have been erected, while the Methodist body hold services in the public school, and the Salvation Army uses the town hall for its barracks. There are also post, telegraph, and money order offices, two banks, and a number of hotels. A large reservoir on the hillside, providing the borough with a good water supply, has been installed at a cost of about £8000, and this also furnishes the local fire brigade with a high-pressure service. The recreation reserve, situated near the centre of the town, has a bicycle track and football and cricket grounds, and there is a racecourse outside the town boundary. Alexandra has a rifle corps, a good brass band, a public library, and several social and athletic clubs. There is also a local weekly newspaper.
was proclaimed a borough in 1869. It has an area of 840 acres, an annual rateable value of £6800, and a population of about 1000 souls. There is a general rate of Is 6d in the £, a sanitary rate of 6d in the £ on the house property, and a special annual-recurring rate of Is on the rateable value. Members of the Borough Council for 1904: Messrs George Spencer (Mayor), Louis Anderson. Lawrence Ryan, Henry Schaumann. John Duncan Buchanan, William S. Laidlaw, John Lovell Gregg, George G. McGregor, and Samuel McKnight (councillors). Mr. Frank Young is the Town Clerk and Treasurer
, J.P., was born in 1845, in Aberdeenshire, Scotland, where he was educated and brought up to mereantile pursuits. He came to Port Chalmers, by the ship “Aboukir,” and after an experience of goldmining in Otago and on the West Coast, he settled in Alexandra, in 1870, and has since been interested in goldmining in the district. He is one of the proprietors of the Alexandra Dredging Company, to which he acts as secretary, and has been at different times manager. Mr. Spencer has been a Justice of the Peace since 1895. He was married, in 1892, to a daughter of Mr. L. Cameron, of Alexandra, and has one son surviving.
represented Clutha Ward in the Council, from 1889, until he was elected Mayor in 1897; and he continued to be Mayor, off and on, until May, 1904. He was born at Banchory, Deeside, Aberdeenshire, Scotland, on the 15th of February, 1855, and accompanied his parents to Port Chalmers by the ship “James Nicol Fleming,” in 1870. He learned the business of a blacksmith with Messrs Reid and Son, of Riverton, Southland. After five and a half years' experience Mr. Kelman started business on his own account, at Thornbury, Southland, and three years later he removed to Dunedin, where he continued to gain further experience at his trade, till 1885, when he arrived in Alexandra as manager of the business then conducted by Mr. L. Gards. In 1889, Mr. Kelman bought the business, which he has since conducted, and has developed into a very large and
was Mayor of Alexandra from 1882 to 1886, and was for many years a member of the council. He was born in Fifeshire, Scotland, in 1821, was a dyer by trade, and was in business in Cupar, Fifeshire, for some years before coming to the Colonies. He
landed in Victoria in 1865, and in the same year settled at Alexandra. For some time after arriving, Mr. Macdonald was proprietor of a gold mine, and in 1878, he erected a
store in Alexandra, where he conducted business till the time of his death, which took place in 1886. He took a considerable interest in gold mines, and paid special attention to the development of the district. Before he left Scotland he became a Free-mason,
, J.P., who held a seat on the Alexandra Borough Council, for a number of years, was born at Stranraer, Wigtonshire, Scotland, in 1838, and educated at the Stranraer Academy, and at the Inch Free Church school. He was brought up to agricultural pursuits, and came out to Port. Chalmers, in 1861, in the ship “Lady Egidia,” on her first trip. Mr. Gunion was for some time engaged in sheep-farming, and was a station manager for a number of years. He managed successively Luxmore in Canterbury, for four years; Allendale station, Fairlie Creek, for about one year; Rugged Ridges, Otago, for about four years; and Galloway station, near Alexandra, for about fourteen years. Since retiring from the management of Galloway station, Mr. Gunion has been interested in dredging in the Alexandra district, and has been very successful. He acts as secretary to the Ngapara Company, of which he is one of the proprietors. Mr. Gunion was married, in 1874, to a daughter of Captain Jamieson, of Adelaide, and has four sons and three daughters.
, who represented Clutha Ward on the Alexandra South Borough Council for several years, was born in Norway, in 1849. In his early days he visited London, Melbourne, West Australia, Singapore, India and China. After returning to Europe, Mr. Hansen came to New Zealand in 1871, and settled in Alexandra South, where he established himself in business as a butcher. After the introduction of dredging, he devoted his energies to mining. For about seven years he worked at Sandy Point on the Molyneux river, adjoining the Earnscleugh No. 2 claim, and was afterwards manager. He was also manager of the Chicago Dredge for the Alexandra Gold Dredging Company, and had interests in mining claims. Mr. Hansen served as a member of the Alexandra South school committee, and held office as a deacon of the local Presbyterian church. He was married, in 1884, to a daughter of Mr. L. Cameron, of Alexandra South, and had two daughters. Mr. Hansen died on the 21st of February, 1903.
represented the ratepayers of Clutha Ward in the Alexandra South Borough Council for some years. He was born within the borough in 1869, educated at the public school, and served his time to the butchering business. Till establishing himself in business in 1891, at the corner of Talbot and Limerick Streets, he worked at his trade or followed mining. Mr. Nieper is a member of Court Pride of Alexandra, Ancient Order of Foresters, and has passed all the chairs with the exception of that of C.R. He is also a member of the Alexandra Jockey Club. Mr. Nieper was married, in 1893, to a daughter of Mr. J. R. Jones, of the Occidental Hotel, Dunedin, and has two sons.
, J.P., who was one of the representatives of Manuherikia Ward, on the Alexandra Borough Council, was first elected to the Council in 1876, and was mayor for the years 1880–2, 1892–4, and 1896–7. He was for twenty-three years almost continuously a member of the Council. Mr. Simmonds served his
time as a cabinet-maker in Hobart, Tasmania, where he was born in 1841, and after being three years on the Australian goldfields, he came to Otago when he was twenty-one years of age. He was for some time in
, J.P., formerly Town Clerk, Valuer, Treasurer and Collector for the Borough of Alexandra South, was born in Lawrence on the 23rd of December, 1866. He was educated at Lawrence and at the Blue Spur, brought up to mining pursuits, and settled in Alexandra in 1891. Mr. Symes conducted business as an auctioneer and mining agent; and was founder and for some time proprietor of the “Alexandra Herald.” He was also the first in Alexandra to connect his office and private residence by telephone. Mr. Symes unsuccessfully contested the Tuapeka seat for the House of Representatives at the by-election of 1898. He was secretary of the Klondyke and several other gold-dredging companies. Mr. Symes was married in 1890, and has two sons and two daughters.
(Alexander Kilgour and William Howie Kilgour), Bakers and Confectioners, Tarbert Street, Alexandra South. Bankers, Bank of New Zealand. This business, which was originally established by Mr. Bell, of Clyde, was purchased by Messrs Kilgour and Son, in September, 1898.
, the Senior Partner, was born in Fifeshire, Scotland, on the 3rd of November, 1839, and learned his business in Edinburgh. He arrived in Dunedin in 1856 by the ship “Sir Edward Paget,” and worked at his trade till 1866, when he established a business on his own account. This business he conducted in Dunedin for two years, at Tapanui for three years, at Balclutha two years, and at Oamaru for twelve years. Mr. Kilgour then removed to Cromwell and established the business which has been conducted by Mr. Richards since 1894. On the 13th of May, 1862, Mr. Kilgour was married to a daughter of the late Mr. A. Peat, of Auchtermuchty, Scotland, and has five sons and four daughters, and nine grandchildren.
was born in Balclutha in 1876, and educated at Oamaru, where he learned his trade with his father. He worked at his trade in Dunedin, and was subsequently in the Union Steamship Company's employment, which he left to join his father in the establishment of the firm of Kilgour and Son, of Alexandra.
[After these articles were in type, the partnership was dissolved, and the business sold.]
, Builder and Contractor, Tarbert Street, Alexandra South. Mr. Aitken was born in the Orkney Isles, on the 15th of April, 1837, brought up as a ship carpenter, came to New South Wales in 1857, and settled in Otago six years later. After a year in the Queenstown district, he moved to Alexandra, and engaged in mining till 1868, when he established his present business. Mr. Aitken held the office of Inspector of Works for the Vincent County Council, for about six months, and subsequently for the New Zealand Government, under the Roads Construction Act, for two years, on the Arrowtown and Macetown roads. He was connected with the Cromwell volunteers for two years, and while in the Borough Council he rendered good service in connection with the Cromwell water-works. Of late years Mr. Aitken has not taken any prominent part in local politics, but he is an
, Contractor, Alexandra. This old settler was born in 1833, in Canada, where he was brought up as a carpenter. In July, 1859, he landed in Victoria, and worked at the Inglewood goldfields till 1861, when he came to Otago. Mr. Drummey has been in the Dunstan district since 1862. He was one of the party of twenty-six men who turned the Manuherikia river so as to work the river-bed, and in December, 1863, he started the Manuherikia water-race. He surveyed and laid this race out for twenty-eight miles, and formed a company of twelve men to do the work. He was the first in Otago to use horses and ploughs at race-cutting. Three years later he went to the West Coast, and while there he built the Upper Buller bridge at the slip. He returned to Otago in 1870. For many years Mr. Drummey has been engaged as a contractor for roads and buildings, bridges and water-races. He completed Messrs Hallenstein's, Hazlett's and McKerra's premises and water-works at Cromwell, and constructed the Carrick waterrace for the Government at a cost of £4200. Mr. Drummey also built the Macandrew bridge over the Kawarau river. In 1878 he erected the schoolhouse at Nevis, the courthouses at Alexandra and Ophir, and was the contractor for the Alexandra bridge. For some years subsequently he was farming in Ida Valley. Mr. Drummey has been engaged in coalmining of late years. He purchased the Newcastle coal mine, when the first owner was driven out by water, and got down after three different attempts. At the present time he has a coal mine on the Manuherikia Flat, where he has a seam of 12 feet. He also took up the Chatto claim, which is worked by the Chatto Creek Company. Mr. Drummey was married, in 1867, to a daughter of the late Mr. William Allan, of Glasgow, contractor, and has had three daughters and three sons, of whom one daughter survives.
(E. M. Bellamy, proprietor), Tarbert Street, Alexandra South. This well-known hotel was established in 1862 by the late Mr. L. G. Ryan, who conducted it till his death in 1897. Since then the premises have been rebuilt, and now consist of a two-storied brick building with thirty bedrooms for the public, four sitting-rooms, a large dining-hall, with accommodation for forty-five guests, two sample-rooms and a billiard-room. The stone stables, on the opposite side of the street, contain six stalls, and an equal number of loose-boxes, and there is also a five-stalled stable and loft, leased to Messrs H. Craig and Co., whose coaches arrive and depart daily from and for Dunedin, via Queenstown, Lawrence, and Ranfurly. The Bendigo Hotel takes rank as the leading commercial house in Alexandra South.
, formerly Proprietor of the Bendigo Hotel, was born in 1862, at Loch Grainey, in County Clare, Ireland, and came to Port Chalmers in 1881, by the ship “Timaru.” He was brought up to agricultural pursuits, which he followed till 1885, when he joined the Armed Constabulary, and two years later was transferred to the Police Force, in which he did duty till his resignation in 1897. Whilst he was at Alexandra, Mr. McAllen took an active part in the formation of the Alexandra Rifles, of which he became lieutenant. He was also a member of the Alexandra Borough Council, and of the local school committee. Mr. McAllen afterwards removed to Wellington in the North Island.
(James Geddes, proprietor), Tarbert Street, Alexandra South. This hotel is built of wood and stone. It contains thirteen bedrooms, two sitting-rooms, a dining-room with seating accommodation for sixteen guests, and a billiard-room. The stable, at the back of the hotel, contains six stalls and two loose-boxes. The Caledonian Hotel was established about 1869.
, formerly proprietor of the Caledonian Hotel, was born in the parish of Isla, Port Ellen, Argyle-shire, Scotland, in 1860, and arrived in Port Chalmers in 1868. He was educated at Switzers, and after finding employment as a shearer at Lumsden for about two years, he commenced business as a butcher in Waikaia. Three years later he became a hotelkeeper at that place, and subsequently conducted the Lumsden Hotel for seven years. After being a year out of business, he became the proprietor of the Caledonian Hotel, in Alexandra, on the 9th of May, 1897. Mr. Smith was married, on the 25th of October, 1880, to a daughter of Mr. James Paterson, of Waikaia, and has four daughters and two sons. He went to South Africa after giving up the ownership of the Caledonian Hotel.
, was founded and originally owned by Mr. James Kelman, who is still one of the directors. Mr. Kelman came to Alexandra in 1884 to take charge of the blacksmith's shop for Mr. L. Gards, who was carrying on business as a wheelwright and blacksmith. At that time the business was very small, there being only one fire in the shop. In 1890 Mr. Kelman bought the business, and although the place was very dull, he, by giving all his energy and perseverance to the trade, soon made it increase so that he had to extend his shop and put in another fire. Thenceforward the business kept increasing, and Mr. Kelman found it
, formerly Accountant at Mr. James Kelman's engineering works. Alexandra, was born in Dunedia, in 1876. He was educated at the North school. Oamaru, and became a cadet with Mr. T. C. Dennison, M. Inst., C. E., with whom he remained about four years. Mr. Lindsay subsequently became a teacher in the South school at Oamaru, where he remained for one year, and was afterwards in the Albany Street school, Dunedin, for three years. Owing to a breakdown in his health he had to abandon teaching, and became clerk on the Galloway station, and in January, 1898, he joined Mr. Kelman, as accountant. He is a member of the Order of Foresters, and while in Alexandra was attached to Court Pride of Alexandra. Mr. Lindsay acted as secretary of the Alexandra Cycling Carnival.
, Butcher, corner of Tarbert and Limerick Streets, Alexandra South. Bankers, Bank of New Zealand. The business conducted by Mr. Nieper was established on the 21 st of May, 1891. The premises, which are freehold, consist of a convenient shop and office, and a five-roomed dwelling-house. There is a second shop, which is well-lighted, and fronts the main street.
, Livery Stable Keeper, Limerick Street, Alexandra South. Mr. Boldero's stable is a stone building, with
, Orchardist, Rose Vale Gardens, Conroy's Gully, Alexandra. Mr. Dawson was born in 1833, in Lancashire, England, where he was brought up as a carpenter and joiner. He worked at his trade for eight years, and in 1854 emigrated to Victoria, and followed goldmining till 1862, when he removed to Otago, where he was for many years engaged in mining. At first Mr. Dawson leased his property of about fifty acres in Conroy's Gully, but ultimately purchased the freehold. It is well named Rose Vale, and in the season is remarkably attractive, for both its flowers and fruits. Mr. Dawson has made a success of fruit-growing, and has been prize-winner for the best collection of choice fruits, at the Dunedin Show. He was married, in 1865, to a daughter of Mr. P. Darling, of Dublin, and has one daughter.
(No liability). Head Office, Rattray Street, Dunedin. This Company's claim consists of fifty-two acres. It has two dredges, one of which has been working since May, 1894, and 33s. per share has been paid in dividends.
, Master of the Enterprise Company's No. 1 Dredge, has been in the service since early in 1895. He was born in Cornwall, England, in 1853, and brought up to foundry work. In 1874, he arrived at Port Chalmers, by the ship “Tweed,” and since then has been identified with gold-mining and dredging. He was for eighteen months manager of the Wakatipu Dredge, on the Upper Kawarau river. Mr. Luke was married, in 1885, to a daughter of Mr. A. J. Merley, of Hayle, Cornwall. Mrs Luke died in 1890, leaving one daughter.
, the property of Messrs John and James Gartley, has been worked by the firm since 1889. The Messrs Gartley are the owners of valuable water-rights. The main race is brought over a distance of ten miles, and they have been successful in their operations in the Spring Vale mine.
was born in Aberdeenshire, Scotland, in 1845, and was brought up to agriculture He arrived at Port Chalmers, by the ship “James Nicol Fleming,” in the year 1869, and settled in the Alexandra district, where he has been continuously engaged in sluicing operations. Mr. Gartley is a member of the Spring Vale school committee. He was married, in 1881, to a daughter of the late Mr. R. Toohill, of Ireland, and has six sons.
was born in Cheshire England, in 1851, and is a coppersmith by trade. He came to Port Chalmers in 1873, by the ship “William Davie,” and, after three months in Dunedin, settled in Alexandra, where he became engaged in mining. For some time he was representing a share on the “Galatea,” one of the last of the spoon dredges, and afterwards worked on a current-wheel dredge. Mr. Austin was employed on the erection of the first large steam dredge built by Messrs Kincaid and McQueen, in 1882. He has been largely interested in the industry, and is one of the proprietors of the Ngapara Company, which has several dredges in operation. He is chairman of directors of the Alexandra Coalpit Company, and has a seat on the boards of the Klondyke and Success Gold Dredging Companies, besides owning interests in other private dredges. Mr. Austin was married, in 1898, to a daughter of Mr. Andrew Rutherford, of Nelson. He now (1904) resides in Dunedin.
Manager of the New Fourteen Mile Beach Company's Dredge, was born in 1862, in Greenock, Scotland, where he was educated. After six years at sea he landed in Port Chalmers in November, 1880, and has been connected with dredges; at first, under the Dunedin Harbour Board, and since April, 1881, on the Kawarau and Shotover rivers, and on the Molyneux at Alexandra. He became manager of the Chatto Creek Company's dredge in November, 1898, and is now with the New Fourteen Mile Beach Company. As a Freemason, Mr. Blue is attached to Lodge Manuherikia Kilwinning, No. 109, in which he has held office as senior deacon.
, formerly a dredge owner at Alexandra, was born in Sweden, in 1856, but educated and brought up in England. He served for two years in the Police Force, at Hull, in Yorkshire, and subsequently in the Police Force, in China, but was afterwards at sea for a number of years, and travelled an over the world as a ship's carpenter. In 1887, Mr. Magnus arrived at the Bluff, by the ship “Soukar,” and settled in the Alexandra district, where he engaged in mining and dredging. He was at one time manager of the Molyneux and Butcher's Point Hydraulic Companies, and Gold Beach Hydraulic and Dredging Company, and he also held considerable interests in dredging companies, being a director of the Gold Queen Dredging Company. Mr Magnus was married, in 1890, to a daughter of Mr B. Butler, of Roxburgh, and has two sons and one daughter. He now (1904) owns the Wheatsheaf Hotel, at Teddington, on Banks Peninsula, Canterbury.
, formerly proprietor of the Alexandra Coal Mine, was born in Forfarshire. Scotland, in 1832, and was brought up to a seafaring life, which, he followed for twelve years. In 1853, he settled in Victoria, where he was engaged in mining till the Gabriel's Gully “rush, which brought; him to Otago, in January, 1862. He settled, in 1861, in the Dunstau district, where he engaged in gold-mining till 1870. Mr. Thomson has served as a member of the local school committee, and has long been connected with the Presbyterian church, of which he is an elder. In 1856, he was married to a daughter of the late Mr. D. Ogilvie, of Arbroath, Scotland, and has three sons and two daughters alive, and eighteen grandchildren. He now (1904) lives in retirement at Alexandra.
, an extensive flat on the western side of the Molyneux river, between Alexandra and Clyde, takes its name from the Earnscleugh station, a large pastoral property which extends from the Flat to over the back ranges. Farming is carried on, but fruit culture is the most important industry. The banks of the Molyneux and Flat are dredged for gold, and, unfortunately, this is rapidly lessening the area that would be more permanently profitable if preserved for the growing of fruit. There are a number of settlers at Earnscleugh, and it has a public school.
was opened on the 10th of February, 1896. The building consists of a single room and a porch, is composed of wood and iron, and stands on a section of land ten acres in extent. The school has accommodation for fifty pupils, and there are thirty-nine on the roll, with an average attendance of thirty-one. Miss Eliza Agnes O'Shea is the mistress in charge.
, formerly Headmistress of the Earnscleugh school, was born in Dunedin, and was educated at the High Street school, where she served her pupil teachership. The Board of Education appointed her mistress of the Earnscleugh school, and after one year's service there she gained the E3 certificate, afterwards raised to E2. Miss McMillan is a member of the Central Otago branch of the Educational Institute. [After this article was written Miss McMillan married, and is now Mrs Anderson.]
, Junior, Farmer, Earnscleugh. Mr. Hawley was born in Tasmania in 1863, and brought up to agricultural pursuits. He settled in 1881 on his farm, which consists of 177 acres of freehold land. He has resided in Otago since 1866, and for five years before taking his present farm, he was engaged in mining. Mr. Hawley was married, in 1895, to a daughter of the late Mr. C. Lewis, of Dunedin, and has had a son and a daughter, of whom only the daughter survives.
, Sheepfarmer and Fruit-grower, Sycamore Farm, Earnscleugh. This old settler was born in Denmark in 1836. He arrived in Sydney in 1854, and went overland to the
Ovens and Yacandandah diggings. He was sluicing for three years, and then returned to Denmark, and three years later he came back to Victoria. In 1863, Mr. Iversen came to Otago, and was engaged in goldmining at Dunstan, Naseby, and Conroy's till 1880. In conjunction with mining he started a
, sometime of “Omeo Creek,” Earnscleugh, was born in Huntingdonshire, Scotland, in 1817. He was brought up to country life, and in 1840 left his native land for Tasmania, whence, after twenty years, he removed to Victoria, and settled in Otago in 1864. For some years Mr. Hawley engaged in goldmining. In 1882 he purchased a freehold of sixty acres, where he afterwards resided. Mr. Hawley was married, in 1847, to a daughter of Mr. G. Savery, of Tavistock, and had six sons and seven daughters, of whom only two sons survive. Mr. Hawley died about two years ago.
No. 2 Gold Dredge Company is a private company, which holds over ninety acres of alluvial country, and has had its dredge at work since February, 1899. The engine is of twenty horse-power, the capacity of the dredge about 180 tons per hour, and the total cost was about £9000. In addition to the engine which drives the dredge proper, there is a six horse-power engine and winch for moving the dredge as required. Mr. James Foohey is managsr.
, Manager of the Earnscleugh No. 3 dredge, was born in 1869, in Alexandra, where he was educated. He was engaged in mining for about thirteen years, and worked with his father, the late Mr John Weaver, who was an old Californian and Victorian digger. For some years Mr. Weaver was sluicing on the Earnscleugh No. 2 claim. He has from the first been associated with the early history of dredging on that part of the Molyneux, and was one of the original shareholders of the Alexandra Dredge Company, which has two dredges at work. Mr. Weaver took up the Earnscleugh No. 1 property, which he floated as a private company, and afterwards the Earnscleugh No. 2, and with the assistance of Mr. James Kelman, the Earnscleugh No. 3 was formed into a public company. Mr. Weaver was manager of the Alexandra Dredge Company for about four years, and had charge of the Earnscleugh No. 2 dredge from its inception, until he became manager of Earnscleugh No. 3 dredge, the largest in the colony; it is worked by electric power, and is now owned by a private company.
was formerly known as the Dunstan, and named after the Dunstan range of mountains. It was the centre of a great gold “rush” in the early days, and was proclaimed a gold field district in September, 1862. Miners came from Australia, and all parts of New Zealand, to work on the banks of the Molyneux river, consequent on the great find made by Messrs Hartley and Riley, in the river beach sand. Captain (now Major) Keddell was appointed Commissioner and Resident Magistrate at the diggings, Inspector Morton was the police officer, and Mr. Richmond Beetham the gold receiver. When 16,000 ounces of gold had been sent from the district to Dunedin the Government granted a bonus of £2000 to the original prospectors. Provisions at that time commanded a very high price, as the cartage from Dunedin was from £100 to £160 per ton. During recent years dredging has been extensively carried on in the Molyneux river, but the results have been discouraging in the neighbourhood of Clyde.
Gyde is situated on the east bank of the Molyneux river, at the northern extremity of the Dunstan Flat, and is 135 miles north-west from Dunedin, via Lawrence, and 142 miles via Ophir, and is connected by a coach service with each of these railway terminuses. When the Otago Central railway reaches the district Clyde will undoubtedly be the terminus of that line, as beyond that the country consists of a rocky gorge, through which the Molyneux flows; and out of the mountain side a road has been cut for thirteen miles, connecting Clyde with Cromwell. The road from Clyde to Alexandra—a distance of seven miles—traverses a barren sandy waste, along the bank of the river; but nearer the hills, and on the Earnscleugh Flat—on the opposite side of the river—much of the country is admirably suited for
The handsome chambers of the Vincent County Council are situated at Clyde, which is the county town, and the Government buildings consist of a magistrate's court and county gaol, a post and telegraph office, a public school, and a local hospital. There are also churches, stores, hotels, and a number of social clubs and societies at Clyde, which has, also, a local weekly newspaper.
came into existence in 1876, at the initiation of the county system. Its area is 2684 square miles, and the rating value is £551,279. There are 905 ratepayers, who own 959 rateable properties. A rate of a Id in the £ is struck annually. The county is divided into eight ridings; namely, Hawea, Clutha, Lindis, Carrick, Dunstan, Manuherikia, Matakanui, and Earnscleugh, each of which sends a representative to the County Council. Members for 1904: Messrs James Horn (chairman), John Kane, William Laidlaw, Thomas Mc-Whirter, Robert Rutherford, John Butler, William C. Pitches, and Martin Heaney, Mr. John S. Dickie is the county clerk, and Mr. G. L. Cuthbertson, the county engineer. The meetings of the Council are held at the county chambers at Clyde on the fourth Wednesday in every alternate month. The county chambers, built in 1878, are of stone; they contain the clerk's and engineer's offices, in addition to the council chambers, and are situated at the corner of Longstone Street. The land and building cost £1200.
, J. P., who has represented Carrick riding in the Vincent County Council since 1896, and is now (1904) Chairman of the Council, is a general merchant at Bannockburn. He was born at Inverkethney, Banffshire, Scotland, in 1855, and educated in Huntly, Aberdeenshire, brought up as a draper, and came to Port Chalmers, by the first trip of the ship “Oamaru,” in 1875. Two years later Mr. Horn went to Stirling and was a partner in the firm of Horn, Roy and Co., who built the first store in Stirling. In 1883 Mr. Horn purchased the business of Mr. W. Bennett at Bannockburn and carried it on for some years with Mr. J. C. Anderson as Horn and Anderson, till Mr. Anderson entered politics, and since then Mr. Horn has conducted the business solely by himself. He served as a member of the Clutha licensing committee, and is at present chairman of the Bannockburn school committee. As a Freemason he is attached to Lodge Cromwell Kilwinning, in which he has on several occasions held office. At Port Chalmers he was connected with Court Robin Hood, Ancient Order of Foresters. Mr. Horn is a successful dredge owner and was, with Mr. Charles Coote, the original owner and promoter of the Electric Company, having taken up the original ground. He is one of the largest shareholders in the company, which has been a very successful one, and he is justly regarded as the father of steam dredging in the Cromwell district. Mr. Horn was long well known as a leading spirit in the volunteer movement, and was for years a crack shot in the Clutha and Cromwell Rifles. He holds the record for New Zealand at 200, 400, and 500 yards on the old square target with the Snider rifle, and is holder of the gold medal for the New Zealand Champion team of five men, and the New Zealand silver badge, for 1882–1883. In sports and athletics he has held a good position, and is well known in the cricket and football fields. He can exhibit good stags' heads secured by his own rifle, and his friends can tell the quality of trout caught in the Otago rivers with his rod.
, J.P., who represented the Lindis riding in the Vincent County Council, from 1895 to —, and previously represented the Carrick riding for some time, was born in Roxburghshire, Scotland, in November, 1838. He was brought up to agricultural and pastoral pursuits, and arrived at Port Chalmers, in the year 1860, by the ship “Robert Henderson.” He at once went to the Dunstan district, and was for two years on Moutere station. Afterwards he became manager of the Kawarau station, near Bannockburn, and a year later he was entrusted with the management of the Benmore station at the head of the Waitaki. In 1867 Mr. Cowan returned to the Kawarau station, which he managed continuously till 1898. In that year he settled at Quartz Reef Point, having acquired the Northburn station. This property consists of 33,000 acres of leasehold land, and from 8000 to 10,000 sheep are depastured on the estate. The homestead is situated close to the ferry at Lowburn. Mr. Cowan has been connected with the Cromwell Jockey Club for many years, and has long held the office of president. He was married, in 1877, to Mary, eldest daughter of Mr. W. Paterson, of Ayrburn, near Arrowtown, Otago; became a widower in 1890, and
, J.P., who long represented the Dunstan riding in the Vincent County Council, was born on the 5th of August, 1830, at Worksop, Nottinghamshire. He was brought up as a blacksmith, and worked at his trade till coming to the Colonies in 1851. Mr. Naylor was ten years on the Victorian goldfields, and came to Otago in 1861, at the time of the Gabriel's Gully “rush.” He was one of the first to arrive in 1862 at the Dunstan, to which he brought goods, and soon afterwards opened a store, which he has since continued. He is also interested in farming, and became the owner of “Chester Mains” and “Matakanui” in 1875. While Clyde was a borough, Mr. Naylor was mayor for four years successively, and was a member of the council for a large portion of the time of the borough's existence; and since the establishment of the county system he has been for most of the time a member of the Vincent County Council, but went out in 1902. He is a member of the vestry of the Anglican Church. Mr. Naylor was married on the 18th of November, 1885, to a daughter of Mr. Thomas Percy, of Woodland, and has four sons and three daughters.
, who served as a member of the Vincent County Council for three terms of three years, during which he represented the Carrick riding, was born in 1835, in Pembrokeshire, Wales. After serving for five years at sea, he left his vessel in Melbourne, in 1853, and engaged in mining. In 1858 he removed to Tasmania, where he was employed in sawmilling for four years. He came to Otago in 1862, when he went to Dunstan with the “rush,” and has since been a resident in the district. In 1866, Mr. Parcell opened a store and accommodation house half way between Clyde and the Nevis, and this house is still known as Parcell's halfway house. From 1866 to 1879, he was engaged in farming, and subsequently bought the Adam's Gully coal-pit at Sheppard's Creek, and worked it for two years until flooded out by water. Mr. Parcell served as a member of the local school committee for a number of years. He was married, in 1864, to a daughter of the late Mr. J. P. O'Brien, of Limerick, Ireland. Mrs. Parcell died in 1806, leaving six sons and four daughters, and there are several grandchildren. Mr. Parcell now (1904) resides at Bannockburn.
, J.P., who was Chairman of the Vincent County Council for six years prior to his death, and occupied a seat on the council for fully fifteen years, was born in Victoria, in 1855, and educated in that colony. He came to New Zealand, in 1867, and settled with his parents in the Matakanui district. He commenced his career as an errand boy, in one of the local stores at Drybread, and went into business as a storekeeper, at Matakanui, in 1879. Mr. Sheppard organised and conducted a very considerable business, and also acted as postmaster and telephonist. The freehold premises connected with the business consist of a large store and office with a residence and bakery. Mr. Sheppard was chairman of the Central Otago Charitable Aid Board, and was largely interested in the development of the mining industry in the district. He was a director of the Scandinavian sluicing and the Klondyke dredging companies, and was secretary to the Fourteen Mile Beach Dredging Company. Mr. Sheppard was married in March, 1883, to a daughter of Mr. J. Harley, of Drybread, and at the time of his death (which occurred suddenly on the 13th of May, 1899), he left four sons and three daughters.
, who became Chairman of the Dunstan Hospital Board in 1897, and had previously been a member of the Board for fourteen years, is a farmer who resides at Strathclyde, about six miles out of the town, in the vicinity of Leaning Rock. He owns 1214 acres of freehold, and two of his sons, who are farming in the same district, hold 1800 acres in addition. Mr. McArthur was born in Giltoon, Perthshire, Scotland, on the 3rd of August, 1833, and brought up
, formerly Secretary of the Dunstan Hospital Board, was born in Cromwell in February, 1879. He was educated at Clyde, and became a cadet in the Magistrate's and Warden's office, where he served for two years. He subsequently became a law clerk in the office of Mr. R. Gilkison, solicitor. Mr. Jeffery is now (1904) commercial traveller for the firm of J. Rattray and Son, Dunedin.
was established in July, 1863. It is situated on the banks of the Molyneux river, about a mile below Clyde. There are thirty acres of land attached to the premises, and the building is partly of wood and partly of stone, the latest additions having been erected in 1897 at a cost of £700. The new ward, which is heated by hot air and contains seven beds, is a very comfortable apartment. There are twelve beds in the hospital, which serves a wide district, extending from Cromwell to Alexandra and Ophir to Matakanui. The grounds are very prettily laid out, and there are vegetable and fruit gardens, as well as paddocks.
, formerly Wardsman and Matron, respectively, of the Dunstan Hospital, now reside at 134 Great King Street, Dunedin. Their portraits and article appear in the Old Colonists' section, at page 398 of this volume.
, formerly Secretary of the Clyde Sports Club, and Deputy-Captain of the Vincent County Cycling Club, was born in 1872, in Melbourne, where he received his earlier education. He arrived in Otago with his parents, who settled in Clyde, in 1880, served an apprenticeship of five years at the “Dunstan Times” office, and afterwards worked as a journeyman for eighteen months. After being for four months in the Government Printing Office, at Wellirgton, and for a similar period with Messrs Whitcombe and Tombs, Mr. Gye returned to Clyde to take charge of the “Dunstan Times” as printer and publisher. He was one of the founders of the sports and cycling clubs, but afterwards left the district.
(Stevens Brothers, proprietors), Sunderland Street, Clyde. This journal was founded in 1862 by Mr. G. Fache, who conducted it till 1895. The premises are on freehold land, and consist of a wooden building, which contains a Wharfedale printing press and a complete jobbing plant. The paper is a weekly publication of eight pages of seven columns, and has a wide circulation throughout Central Otago.
, J.P., formerly Proprietor of the “Dunstan Times,” was born in Glasgow in 1866, and educated at Alloa Academy and Dunedin High School. He arrived in Dunedin by the ship “Forfarshire,” in 1879, joined the head office of the Colonial Bank in 1883, was an officer of the bank for twelve years, and left the service when accountant at Cromwell. Mr. Gilkison was appointed a Justice of the Peace in 1897. He was chairman of the Clyde school committee, a member of the Clyde Trust, and vice-president of the Clyde sports club, and other societies, and carried on business as an auctioneer and commission agent. Mr. Gilkison was married, in 1898, to a daughter of Mr. R. Thompson, of Oamaru, and has one daughter and one son. After leaving Clyde, Mr. Gilkison was manager for Messrs H. L. Tapley and Co., grain merchants, Invercargill, and now (1904) carries on business in Dunedin as a land and commission agent.
at Clyde is a stone building facing Longstone Street. Besides the courthouse, there are two offices for the use of the officials, and a strong-room. The magistrate holds a monthly sitting for the despatch of civil and criminal business, and intermediately urgent matters are disposed of by the local justices. Sittings of the court are also held at Roxburgh, Alexandra and Ophir.
, Olerk of the Magistrate's Court at Clyde and Alexandra, Receiver of Goldfields Revenue and Mining Registrar for Clyde, Alexandra, Blacks, and Roxburgh, and Deputy Registrar under the Old Age Pensions Act for the Clyde District, was born in Somersetshire, England, in 1848. He was educated at private schools and brought up
, Farrier and General Blacksmith, Sunderland Street, Clyde. Mr. Waddell was born in Blairgowrie, Scotland, on the 19th of April, 1835. He was brought up as a blacksmith, and was for a short time in business in his native town, before coming to Port Chalmers, by the ship “Silistria,” in April, 1863. After two years' experience in Dunedin and Balclutha, he was subsequently about three years in Wellington and the West Coast respectively. He returned to Otago and opened a blacksmith's shop at Alexandra for a time, and was subsequently blacksmithing for about one year at Bendigo. Since June, 1872, he has been in business in Clyde. In the early days Mr. Waddell was a member of the Clyde Borough Council and licensing committee, and is now a member of the local school and library committees, and of the Clyde Trust. His premises consist of a wooden and iron building, including a smithy and six-roomed residence, all on freehold land. Mr. Waddell was married in June, 1883, to a daughter of Mr. E. Baker, of Dunedin, late captain of the ship “Henry Ellis,” of Liverpool, and has six sons and one daughter.
, J.P., General Merchant, Clyde. Bankers, Bank of New Zealand. Mr. Naylor's business was established in 1862. The premises consist of a substantial stone building, erected on free-hold land. Mr. Naylor possesses a large and well assorted stock of goods, and his customers reside over a wide stretch of country, with Clyde as the centre.
stands on a point of land where the rivers Clutha and Kawarau conjoin and form the Molyneux. From the configuration of the site it was known to the pioneer settlers as “The Point,” but when a town sprang up, in the early days of the gold rush, it was named “The Junction.” However, on being proclaimed a municipality in 1866, the town was re-named Cromwell. A boatman, charging half-a-crown per head, rowed passengers across the Clutha, and, later, a small footbridge was privately constructed, for the use of which the proprietor charged travellers the same toll, until “The Old Man Flood” of 1864, washed away his property. In that year the Government commenced the construction of a bridge—which was reconstructed in 1891—and completed it in 1866, at a cost of £28,000. Superintendent Thomas Dick conducted the opening ceremony amidst great jubilation. A bullock was roasted whole, free beer was served out, and the township was for some days what a euphemistie writer might term a scene of jollity. Two children were born at Cromwell in 1884, but as the nearest registrar lived at Waikouaiti, 150 miles away, the registration was
Cromwell is situated 148 miles northwest from Dunedin, and at present (August 1904), the nearest railway stations are at Ida Valley and Lawrence. From these stations a coach service connects with Cromwell, and extends to Pembroke and Queenstown. From the Cromwell Gorge road several dredges are seen at work in the Molyneux river. The famous Hartley and Riley Company and the Electric Company's dredges, which have obtained the largest yields, are working close to Cromwell. The whole district is auriferous, and from 1862 to 1896 large quantities of gold were obtained from the quartz reefs and sluicing claims. A period of some depression then set in until the dredging industry was established in 1899, since which almost the whole of the Molyneux and tributary rivers have been dredged for gold. This industry will continue to be the chief one for many years to come.
Cromwell is a compact town, with an area of 640 acres, and a population of about 700. The borough, which is divided into two wards, Kawarau and Macandrew, is bounded on the east side by the Clutha river, and on the south side, by the Kawarau river; on the north and west side there is a town belt ten chains in width. There is a recreation reserve of twenty acres, which has been planted with trees. A reservoir containing 2,500,000 gallons, at an elevation of 320 feet above Cromwell, supplies the town with water, and provides the local fire brigade with a high pressure supply. The town is lit with kerosene lamps, and the business premises, including the post and telegraph office, banks, stores, and hotels, are in the main street. There are churches of the Presbyterian, Anglican, Catholic, and Methodist denominations, a public school, hospital, court-house, Athenaeum—with a public and lending library—and a local weekly newspaper. The Cromwell Brass Band, which receives an annual subsidy of £20 from the Corporation, periodically gives open-air concerts. There are also cricket, football, tennis, and golf clubs.
dates from the 16th of October, 1866, and Captain William Jackson Barry was the first Mayor. It covers 610 acres in a square b'ock, and is situated at the junction of the Kawarau and Clutha rivers. There are about 135 rate payers in the borough, and they own 235 ratable properties of the annual value of £4,269. The rates are 1s 3d in the £, exclusive of a general water rate of 10d, and a special water rate of 2 1/2 d to provide for interest on a loan. The water supply is derived from the Dunstan ranges, and a reservoir has been constructed 320 feet above the level of the town. Kerosene lamps are used in the lighting of the streets. The council chambers, of wood and iron, occupy a central position in the main street, and were erected in 1869. During the day the council chambers are used for the purpose of the public library and reading room. There is a waterworks loan, which amounts to £2600. The borough is divided into two wards, Kawarau and Macandrew.
, who has for about twenty years been a member of the Cromwell Borough Council, was born in Aberdeen, Scotland, in 1837, and was educated at Kirkwall, in the Orkney Isles, Mr. Murrell served an apprenticeship to the watchmaking and jewellery trades in Kirkwall and afterwards worked as a journeyman in Edinburgh. His experience in connectior with the business was further enlarged in Exeter, and in London, and in the latter city he became foreman in a large business in Clerkenwell. He arrived in Nelson in 1861, by the ship “Wild Duck”; a year later he commenced business in that city on his own account; and in 1869 he removed to Dunedin. There he worked for Mr. Hislor for three years, but afterwards settled in Cromwell, and founded the business which he has since conducted. Mr. Murrell served for twenty years as a member of the hospital trustees, and was one of the first members. He has for many years been a member of the school committee and was at one time its chairman. Mr. Murrell also served on the Athenaeum committee. He was married in July, 1861, to a daughter of Mr. J. Kidson, of Nelson, and has four sons and six daughters surviving, and there are six grandchildren. Mrs Murrell is Number 3 in the Register of Births for the City of Nelson.
, who has represented the Macandrew Ward in the Cromwell Borough Council for a number of years, was born in Dunedin, in 1861. He was educated in Dunedin and Central Otago, and brought up as a storekeeper with the firm of Messrs D. A. Jolly and Co., Cromwell, with whom he continued for nineteen years. During part of that time Mr. Richards was outside representative of the firm, which he left in 1895, to begin business on his own account. He is a member of the Atheneum committee, and has been secretary of the Caledonian Society since 1890. For two years Mr. Richards was treasurer of the local Jockey Club, of which he is still a member and acts as clerk of the course. Mr. Richards was married, in 1885, to a daughter of the late Mr. C. Todd, of Taieri, and has two sons. He now (1904) owns the Commercial Hotel, Cromwe.
, Town Clerk Collector, and Returning Officer for the Borough of Cromwell, was born in 1841, at Bolton, Lancashire, England. He emigrated to Queensland, in 1863, came to New Zealand in 1866, and when he reached Dunedin he was penniless. For a few months he followed goldmining in Central Otago; he ther tried dairy-farming in the Clyde district; and he was afterwards connected with the Black Man's Gully coal-pit for about four years, until the big flood in 1878 washed away all the bridges, and the trade which he had worked up was ruined, as there was no means of crossing the river. Mr. Holder then commenced fruit-farming near Clyde, but gave it up in about three years, as the fruit could not be sent to market. He afterwards became proprietor of hotels at Clyde and Cromwell successively. Mr. Holden was a member of the first brass band established on the Otago Central goldfields. He was married, in 1862, to a daughter of the late Mr. J. Taylor, of Bolton, and has five sons and six daughters, and there are twenty grandchildren. So far, there has been no loss by death in the family.
arrived in Otago from Victoria in 1862, and has been twice Mayor of Cromwell.
, who was Mayor of the Borough of Cromwell on four occasions, and who was for many years a member of the council, and treasurer for the Vincent County Council, was born at Arbroath, Scotland, in 1842. He was engaged in seafaring life for several years, arrived in Port Chalmers by the ship “Aboukir,” and soon afterwards went to the Gabriel's Gully “rush” in 1862. After engaging in goldmining for several years he founded, in 1869, the large business which his firm has since conducted in Cromwell. Mr. Jolly has served as a member, and also as chairman of the Athenæum committee, and president of the local Jockey Club. He is captain in the volunteers, and took a leading part in advocating the establishment of a high pressure water supply for Cromwell. Mr. Jolly was married in 1869, to a daughter of the late Mr. W. Grose, of Cromwell, but that lady died in April, 1875, leaving two sons and one daughter. In 1877 he was agair married, the present Mrs Jolly being a daughter of the late Mr. T. Richards, of Queenstown, and there are three sons and three daughters by the second marriage.
, who was Mayor of the Borough of Cromwell in the years 1893 and 1895, and was a member of the Council for the greater part of thirty years, was born in Kineardineshire, Scotland, in 1837, and brought up to the trade of a baker. Before coming to the colonies Mr. Scott worked for several years at his trade in London. He arrived in 1854, in Victoria, where he followed goldmining, and was in business in the Ovens district for some years. After a short time on the Gippsland diggings, he came to Otago in 1863; he worked for a short time at Butcher's Gully, and claims to have been the first to bring a fluming across the Molyneux river. Mr. Scott was engaged in mining till 1869, when he established a bikery business in Cromwell, where he has since conducted it. With the late Mr. G. W Goodger, he founded the Cromwell hospital, on the committee of which he served for many years, and of which Dr. Stirling was the first medical superintendent. Mr. Scott was for many years a member of the local school committee, and was one of the first to plant trees in Cromwell. Personally he planted the trees around the local school. For many years Mr. Scott has taken a leading part in public matters in Cromwell. He finds his recreation in attending to his orchard, which is over three acres in extent, and is fully planted with vines and fruit trees. Mr Scott was married on the 4th of April, 1857 to a daughter of the late Mr. M. Warburton, of Newry, Ireland, and has had nine sons and three daughters, of whom five sons and one daughter survive, and there are ten grandchildren.
, who served for a number of years as a member of the Cromwell Borough Council, and was Mayor for two years, was born in Germany in 1828. After learning the trade of coach-building in his native land he emigrated in 1859, to Victoria, where he found employment till March, 1862, when he came to Otago and settled at Bannockburn, where he was goldmining till he established his business at Cromwell in 1874. Mr. Behrenr is a member of the Cromwell Hospital Committee, on which he has held a seat for about twenty-five years. He has also served on the Athenæum and school committees. He is still a member of the Cemetery Trust, and was for many years its treasurer. Mr. Behrens has now (1904) retired from business.
, who retired from office as Town Clerk of Cromwell in October, 1896, after sixteen years of service, and still acts as valuer of the borough, was born at Ilfracombe, Devonshire, in October, 1828. He was a currier by trade, and worked as a journeyman in London prior to November, 1852, when he left for the Colony of Victoria, where he was engaged in goldmining till 1861, when he came to the Gabriel's Gully “rush.” In the following year, Mr. Marshall returned to Australia, and after a year's absence came back to Otago and was settled at Bannockburn till 1874. In that year he removed to Cromwell, where he established himself as a mining agent, and became the first legal manager of the Crom well, Heart of Oak and Star of the East Quartz Mining Companies—all famous mines. The business then founded is still conducted by Mr. Marshall. Mr. Marshall was secretary of the Cromwell Hospital for six teen years, a member of the school committee for many years, and was secretary of Lodge Cromwell Kilwinning, No. 98, New Zealand Constitution for some time. In 1871 he was appointed one of the first gold fields commissioners representing Dunstar district. Mr. Marshall was married, in 1868, to a daughter of Mr. Andrew Bigbie, of Glasgow, and has had ten sons and ten daughters, of whom seven sons and seven daughters survive, and there are two grand children.
, who was Chairman of the Cromwell District Hospital Board for several years, was born in Germany, in 1856, and educated in Coburg. In 1871, he landed in Melbourne, but afterwards he came to Otago and settled at Clyde, where he founded a business which he conducted for four years. In 1879 he removed to Crom well, and was for a number of years a member
, who became a Member of the Cromwell Hospital Board in 1898, was born in 1860 at Huntly, Aberdeenshire, where he learned the grocery business. He came to New Zealand in 1883, via Melbourne, and went to Wanake as storeman to Mr. Robert McDougall, with whom he remained between three and four years: after which he became associated with his brother, Mr. James Horn, J.P., at Bannockburn, as his storeman. Mr. Horn served as a member of the Bannockburn school committee, and took a general interest in matters connected with the welfare of the district. He was married, in 1885, to a daughter of the late Mr. John McIvor, of Alexandra South, and has two daughters and two sons. Mr. Horn went to reside in Dunedin in 1904.
was established in 1875, and occupies a central position on a section of thirty-two acres, granted for hospital purposes. It is surrounded with a well-grown plantation of ornamental trees and the ground is laid out in a vegetable garden, orchard and paddocks. The building, which is of stone, contains three wards, two for men, and one for women, and there are altogether ten beds. In addition to the wards there are quarters for the wardsman and matron, and the customary provision is made for the dispensary, kitchen, wash house, and outhouses.
, Resident Surgeon of the Cromwell District Hospital, was born in 1860, at Dairy, Ayr shire, Scotland. He was educated in his native place and at Glasgow Academy. He studied at the Glasgow University and gained his degrees of M.B. and C.M. in 1883. Dr. Morris was in practice for two years at New Abbey, Gallowayshire, and for a like period at Fenwick, Ayrshire, before coming to Port Chalmers, by the s.s. “Coptic,” in December, 1888. Till February, 1890, Dr. Morris was in practice at Mataura, and since then he has been resident surgeon at the Cromwell Hospital. He is also surgeon to the local Oddfellows. Dr. Morris was married, in 1891, to a daughter of the late Mr. D. Trevethan, of Cornwall, England, and has one son and one daughter.
, which has been a prominent institution of the borough since 1865, is conducted in a stone building, with two class-rooms, and a central porch, and there is seating accommodation for 140 pupils. There are ninety-seven names on the roll, and the average attendance is about eighty. The staff consists of a master and a mistress. A good playground surrounds the school, which stands on an acre of land, and there is a janitor's cottage on the property. The five roomed residence occupied by the master is situated on a half-acre section a short distance from the school.
, Master of the Cromwell Public School, was born in Manchester, England, in 1868. He arrived in the Colony with his parents in 1868, by the ship “Beautiful Star,” was educated at Albany Street school, Dunedin, served three and a half years as a pupil teacher at the Arthur Street school, and gained a D2 certificate. Mr. Warburton was appointed to Tahataka, Catlins River district, where he remained for fifteen months. He was subsequently at Dunback and Strath Taieri. before being appointed to Cromwell in 1892. Mr. Warburton is a member of the Central Otago Branch of the Educational Institute, and in 1898, was a member of the Council. He is proprietor of the “Cromwell Argus” newspaper, and secretary of the Cromwell Athenæum. Mr. Warburton was married, in 1886, to a daughter of Mr. C. Attwood, of Cambridge, Waikato.
, Manchester Unity Independent Order of Odd-fellows,
, who has been Permanent Secretary of the Loyal Cromwell Lodge since 1877, is a sluicing claim proprietor, and resides at Bannockburn. He was born in 1846, in Midlothian, Scotland, where he was educated and brought up to farming pursuits; came to Otago in the ship “S'rathallan,” and, except for a short time when he was on the West Coast, he has resided constantly on the Otago Central goldfields. Mr. Ray has been well-known in Bannockburn since 1872, and has served on the local school and Athenæum committees. He was married, in 1872, to a daughter of Mr. J. McWhirter, of Kyeburn, and has three sons, six daughters, and several grandchildren.
(Abel Warburton, proprietor), Melmore Terrace, Cromwell. Bankers, Bank of New Zealand. This journal was established in 1869, by Messrs W. Fenwick and J. Matthews, now of the “Otago Daily Times and Witness,” Dunedin, and was conducted for twelve years by Mr. Thomas McCracken, prior to being acquired by Messrs Warburton and Scott. The present owner has published the “Argus” since the 1st of October, 1898. It is a bi-weekly journal, issued on Tuesday and Saturday mornings, consists of six pages of seven columns each, and circulates largely throughout the Otago Central goldfields. The plant consists of a Wharfedale printing machine, and a good jobbing plant, and the premises consist of a wooden and iron building, erected on a corporation leasehold.
, the Proprietor, is referred to elsewhere as headmaster of the Cromwell Public School.
, Chemist and Druggist, Stationer and Fancy Goods Dealer, Melmore Terrace, Cromwell. Bankers, Bank of New Zealand. The premises occupied by Mr. Hotop were orginaly erected for the purposes of the Bank of New Zealand. Mr. Hotop is local agent for the New Zealand Insurance Company, and the National Mutual Life Insurance Company. He is also secretary for the Beaumont Gold Dredging Company. Mr. Hotop is referred to elsewhere as chairman of the Cromwell District Hospital.
, Mining Agent and Sharebroker, Melmore Terrace, Cromwell. Bankers, Bank of New Zealand. Mr. Marshall is elsewhere referred to as valuer for the Borough of Cromwell.
, Baker and Confectioner, Melmore Terrace, Cromwell. Bankers, Bank of New Zealand. This business was established in 1869, by the proprietor, who is referred to elsewhere as an ex-mayor, and ex-councillor of the Borough of Cromwell.
was established about 1874 by Messrs Goodger and Kuhtze, who conducted it for eight years, when the Cromwell District Brewery Company entered into possession. In 1890, Mr. D. Auchinvole purchased the premises, and carried on the brewery till his death about eighteen months later. The business was afterwards carried on for the benefit of his widow, who subsequently married the present owner, Mr. J. W. Perriam, from whom Mr. John McLoughlin leased the premises. There is a six hogshead plant, and a malthouse capable of malting 6000 bushels a year, and there is a splendid supply of good water on the property.
, who was Brewer and Manager of the Cromwell Brewery for more than twenty years, was born in 1860, in Birmingham, England, and was educated in Plymouth at the Hoe and Park Grammar schools. He learned his business as a brewer in England, under his father, the late Mr. W. L. Tizard, author of the “Theory and Practice of Brewing,” &c., and was for some time at the Heavitree Brewery in Exeter. In 1880, he came to New Zealand, via Melbourne, and joined the Cromwell Brewery as manager. Two years later he went to Dunedin, where he was with Mr. M. Joel for two years, and was subsequently brewing on his own account for three years. Mr. Tizard was married, in 1881, to a daughter of Mr. John Marsh, of Cromwell, and has four sons and five daughters.
(William Richards, proprietor), Cromwell. The “Commercial” is one of the best licensed houses on the Otago goldfields. Mr. Richards was formerly in business as an auctioneer, valuer, commission agent, baker and confectioner. He was also agent in the Cromwell district for the North Queensland Insurance Company. Having sold his business to Mr. A. C. Murray, Mr. Richards bought the Commercial Hotel.
(Matthew Henry Dawson, proprietor), Melmore Terraco, Cromwell. This is one of the most modern buildings in Cromwell, and was established as a hotel in December, 1898. The building is a two-storied one, and is built of stone. It contains thirty-two rooms, of which twenty-four are bedrooms, three sitting-rooms, one a commercial room, and one a dining-room, with seating accommodation for from twenty to thirty guests. In the billiard-room, there is a fine table by Alcock. There are two entrances to the hotel, a public and a private one, and the ladies' sitting-room is situated on the upper floor. The bath-room has a fine hot and cold water service laid on, and there is provision for a shower bath. For the convenience of commercial men, there is a sample-room, fitted up with shelves, on the ground floor. Behind the hotel there is a convenient stable, with nine stalls, and two loose-boxes. “Dawson's” is the stopping place for Craig and Co.'s coaches.
, Proprietor, was born at Tuapeka, in 1870. He was brought up to a country life, but has since had considerable experience in the management of hotels. From 1892 to 1896, he was proprietor of the Butcher's Gully Hotel, and from 1897 to 1898, of the Globe Hotel. The fine house he now occupies has been altered and enlarged at an expense of £1000. Mr. Dawson purchased the license of the Bridge Hotel, which has been transferred to his house. He was married, in 1893, to a daughter of Mr. M. J. McGinnis, late of Clyde, and has one son.
(David Anderson Jolly, William David Jolly, and Ernest Jolly), General Merchants and Importers, Melmore Terrace, Cromwell. Bankers, Bank of New Zealand. This large business was established in 1869, by the senior partner. The handsome stone buildings used in connection with the business are erected on freehold land, and there are ironmongery, furniture, grain and produce, drapery and grocery departments in the business. The grain store is situated on the opposite side of the street, and the furniture department is conducted in a wooden building adjoining the main store. The business extends for a distance of fifty miles from Cromwell. Mr. David Anderson Jolly is referred to elsewhere as an ex-mayor of the Borough of Cromwell.
was born in Cromwell in 1870, educated at the local school, and at the Dunedin High School, and was subsequently brought up to business by his father. He has worked in connection with the business since 1885, and was admitted as a partner in 1895.
was born in Cromwell in 1873, and was educated at the Dunedin High School. He gained experience as a clerk in Dunedin, for about five years, and returned to Cromwell in 1895. He served as lieutenant in the Fourth New Zealand Contingent in South Africa, during the war with the Transvaal. Mr. Jolly was admitted as a partner in the firm in August, 1901.
, Watchmaker and Jeweller, Melmore Terrace, Cromwell. Bankers, National Bank of New Zealand. This business was founded in 1872 by the proprietor. The premises consist of a stone shop erected on corporation leasehold ground, with a workroom behind. Mr. Murrell is referred to elsewhere as Mayor of Cromwell.
, Farmer, Cromwell. This old settler was born in 1836, at Blackford, Perthshire, Scotland. He was brought up to a country life, but afterwards became a stonemason, in Stirling, where he worked at his trade till 1863, when he came to Port Chalmers, by the ship “Electra.” Mr. Ritchie has done a good deal of work as a stonemason in the Colony, and has been engaged in the erection of several bridges, such as the Cromwell and Alexandra bridges, and the original Clyde bridge. He also served as foreman in charge of road works under the Provincial Government. In 1879, Mr Ritchie bought the first portion of his farm, which consists of 700 acres, of which only 180 are leasehold. Though often solicited, he has declined to enter public life. In 1862, he was married to a daughter of the late Mr. J. Scobie, of Black Perth, and has seven sons and one daughter.
, formerly Proprietor of the Cromwell Colliery, was born in Ayrshire, Scotland, in 1865, brought up as a coal miner, and was underground colliery manager in the east of Fife for a number of years, before leaving for New Zealand. He arrived in Otago, in 1892, via Melbourne, settled at Green Island, and became mine manager at the Walton Park Colliery. After five years he leased the mine which he continued to work for eight months. Having secured the leaso of the Cromwell Colliery, he settled in Cromwell, and rapidly opened up the mine. Mr. Pollock was married, in 1891, to a daughter of Mr. J. McMillan, of Inverness, Scotland, and has two sons and two daughters. He is now (1904) a coalmine manager at Alexandra.
(James Gibson, proprietor). This mine is about forty acres in extent. The seam of lignite which is being worked is about five feet six inches thick, and the output averages from 200 to 400 tons per month. The mine is worked by means of an incline, which has a dip of one in three, and is about 150 feet long The coal is lifted by engine power, and the firm holds contracts for the supply of seven of the dredges with coal.
was born in Lanarkshire, Scotland, in 1853, and was brought up to coalmining. He came to Port Chalmers by the ship “Wellington,” in the year 1875, and has since been engaged in mining in the Cromwell district. For several years he was manager of Mr. Owen's mine at Gibbston. Mr. Gibson was married, in 1885, to a daughter of Mr. W. Crolley, of Arrowtown, and has one son and five daughters.
, formerly owner of the Excelsior coal mine, was born in 1872 at Rose Cottage, Happy Valley, Bannockburn, where he was educated and brought up to coalmining. He was for one year in partnership with Mr. William Anderson in the Cairnmuir coal pit. In 1897, he was joined by Mr. Gibson in the ownership of the Excelsior mine, which is now (1904) worked by Mr. Gibson. Mr. Parcell is a member of the Cromwell Lodge of Oddfellows.
, formerly Manager of the Alpine Dredge, was born at Culross, Perthshire, in 1834. When ten years of age he went to sea, but left his vessel in Melbourne in 1858. In 1862 he was attracted to the Otago diggings, and worked for a time at Munro's Gully, next to Gabriel's Gully, and afterwards at Beaumont. Mr. Dewar was among the first to work the old spoon dredges on the Molyneux river, and was one of a party of six that built a spoon dredge at Roxburgh, about 1884. He afterwards settled at Alexandra, where he worked on the first current-wheel dredge that was used between Clyde and Alexandra, and owned by Crookston and party. He also worked for five years and a half at Alexandra on the Dunedin steam dredge, the first of the kind that was built. Subsequently he and his mates purchased the current-wheel dredge at Roxburgh, and it was afterwards converted into a steam dredge. Mr. Dewar has been in the Cromwell district since October, 1896, and became manager of the Alpine dredge in May, 1898. He was married, on the 15th of February, 1883, to a daughter of Mr. A. Bringans, Mosgiel, and has two sons and one daughter.
owns a claim of 100 acres, situated about one mile below Cromwell, on the Clutha river. The dredge was started early in 1899, and has a twelve-horse power engine, which is capable of lifting 100 tons per hour from a depth of 40 feet. A photograph of the Hartley and Riley dredge appears at page 26 of this volume.
, who is Manager of the Hartley and Riley Dredge, was born in Stirlingshire, Scotland, in 1839, and followed the sea till 1861, when he left his ship in Dunedin, and settled in Central Otago. He was for many years in the Roxburgh district, and has been closely associated with the dredging industry from its infancy. He worked on the first bucket dredge on the Clutha river below Roxburgh, and subsequently became part proprietor of a current-wheel dredge. After selling his interest, he went to Dunedin, where he remained for three years, and in 1885 removed to Alexandra, where he had charge of the Dunedin Company's dredge for eleven years. In 1896 Mr. McLay went to Cromwell, where he started the Alpine dredge, in which he had an interest, but the operations, which were conducted on the Clutha river, proved a failure, and he then became manager of the Victoria Bridge dredge. He was subsequently appointed to the charge of the Hartley and Riley dredge, and when it was decided to remove the Alpine dredge over the falls, above Cromwell Bridge, Mr. McLay was placed in charge of the work, and was successful in carrying it out. Mr. McLay was married, in 1866, to a daughter of the late Mr. J.
, formerly Engineer on the Hartley and Riley Dredge, was born in Dunedin, in 1870, and educated at Seacliff and Kakapuaka, and at the Dunedin technical classes, at which he became entitled to a junior and senior diploma. He received his engineering experience with Messrs Cossens and Black in Dunedin, in 1893. Subsequently he worked in Wellington, Lyttelton, and at Napier. He was appointed engineer on the Edina dredge at Roxburgh in January, 1898, and was afterwards employed as engineer of the Electric No. 2, at Cromwell. In December, 1898, he was appointed engineer on the Hartley and Riley dredge, but is not now (1904) in that position. Mr. Marshall was married, on the 11th of May, 1898, to a daughter of Mr. A. Houliston, of Kakapuaka.
, on the Clutha river, is a small mining settlement, four miles north from Cromwell. Some dredges work on the river near the village. A pontoon ferry service, under the control of the Vincent county council, carries passengers and vehicles across the Clutha free of charge. The village, which is also known as Perriams, has a school, a post and telegraph office, a store, and a well-appointed hotel. Coaches from Cromwell to Pembroke, Lake Wanaka, pass through Lowburn Ferry.
(Mrs Charlotte Perriam, proprietress), Lowburn. This house was established in 1865, and has been conducted by Mrs Perriam since the death of her husband in 1883. The building is of stone, and contains thirteen bedrooms, three sitting-rooms, bar, kitchen, and other offices, and a dining-room with seating accommodation for twenty guests. The stable at the back of the hotel contains six stalls and six loose-boxes. Mrs Perriam is also a storekeeper, and the store, which adjoins the hotel, contains a full stock of general merchandise. Mrs Perriam was born at Pinhoe, near Exeter, England, came to the Colony in 1858, by the ship “Caduceus,” and was married, in 1857, to the late Mr. John Perriam, who was also born near Exeter in 1824. Mr. Perriam was a miner, and before his marriage had had experience in California. At one time he had a store in Victoria Street, Auckland, and was afterwards engaged in dairy-farming in the Mount Eden district. On arriving in Otago Mr. and Mrs Perriam settled at Wetherstones, and at the time of the Dunstan “rush commenced storekeeping at Clyde. Three years later they removed to Quartz Reef Point, and had a branch business at Kawaran Gorge. They settled in Lowburn in 1865, and were almost the first residents. On his death in 1883, Mr. Perriam left one son and two daughters.
(William Alfred Henry Scheib, Proprietor), Queensberry. Mr Scheib was born in Frankton, in 1869, and was educated at public schools, and at St. Joseph's, Queenstown. He learned the trade of a tailor, worked as a journeyman at Cromwell and on the West Coast, and was for a number of years in business as a merchant tailor in Cromwell. Mr. Scheib has taken considerable interest in outdoor sports and recreations, and has served on the committees of the football and cycling clubs; he was secretary to the Cromwell public school committee and St. Andrew's Church committee, and has held office as deputy-captain of the Vincent Cycling Club. He was married, in October, 1896, to a daughter of Mr. B. V. de Bettencor, of Cromwell, and has one daughter.
is an industrial mining centre, four miles south-west from Cromwell near the Kawarau river. Here the search for gold is successfully carried on under the processes of quartz mining, dredging, and sluicing. On this account it is a place of considerable interest to visitors. There are also several successful coal pits in the neighbourhood. From the summit of the Carrick Range, which is easily accessible, the visitor sees a wide and magnificent panorama of mountain scenery. Bannockburn has a public school, post and telegraph office, a general store, and two hotels.
, sometime of Bannockburn, was born in Surrey, England, in 1841, came to Auckland, in the year 1857, by the ship “Tamar,” and learned his business as a baker at Waiuku. He went to the Snowy River “rush,” in New South Wales, in 1860, came in 1861 to Gabriel's Gully, and followed various other “rushes” in New Zealand. He and Mr. H. Robertson, under the style of Robertson and Lawrence, built the London Dining Rooms, in Jetty Street, Dunedin, and he subsequently established various bakeries on the diggings, notably at Nokomai, Nevis, Kawarau (now known as Cromwell), Fox's, Arthur's Point, Cardrona, and Bendigo. It may be interesting to note the prices of the four-pound loaf on the opening of these diggings. At Nokomai, its value was 6s, and the same price was also paid at the Nevis; at Arthur's Point it stood at 7s, while at Fox's “rush” it reached the abnormal price of 11s. When Mr. Lawrence commenced business at Fox's, there were no scales, and candles done up in packets, were used as one-pound weights. In 1863, Mr. Lawrence visited Sydney and Melbourne. During his trip he was married to a daughter of the late Mr. W. Rogers, and to them were born a family of five sons and five daughters. On his return to New Zealand, Mr Lawrence settled in Cromwell, and was for many years engaged in carting to the Carrick Range. Subsequently he built a hotel at Quartzville, a settlement on the Carrick Range, and in 1892 he settled in Bannockburn, where he had an adobe building, comprising shop, residence and bakery. Mr. Lawrence was for a long time interested in mining, and was the proprietor of the Day Dawn Quartz Mine and Battery, the Star of the East Quartz Mine, and the Young Australian Quartz Mine and Battery. He died on the 1st of April, 1900, having some time previously given up business. The property at Carrick Range is still in possession of the family, and Mrs Lawrence now (1904) lives at Arrowtown.
, Water-race and Dredge Proprietor, Bannockburn. Mr. Anderson was born at Cunningsburgh, near Lerwiek, in the Shetland Islands, in 1829, and was brought up on his father's farm, but went to sea when he was fifteen years of age. In 1854 he left his ship at Melbourne, and was on the Victorian diggings till 1862, when he settled in Otago. Since 1874 Mr. Anderson has been engaged in mining, nearly all the time at Bannockburn. During over forty years of experience as a miner, he has employed different methods, from the tub and cradle to the wondrous dredge, and he is still interested in mines, dredges and water-races. He has served on the local school committee for a good many years, and was chairman for two years. Mr. Anderson was married, in 1877, to a daughter of Mr. E. Thompson, Lerwick, and has two sons and three daughters.
Mr. A. S. Gillanders, Manager. An article on Mr. Gillanders appears on page 451 of this volume, under Shag Point, where he was formerly Mine Manager for the Allandale Coal Company.
is an old mining settlement on the Kawarau river, four miles west from Cromwell. In former days a large amount of sluicing was carried on, and during recent years the river has been dredged for gold. The settlement is at the entrance to the gorge, along which the coach to Queens-town passes through wonderful mountain and river scenery. There is a post office at Kawarau Gorge, but the nearest telegraph office is at Cromwell.
, Miner, Kawarau Gorge. Mr. Hansen was born in Bolton, Lancashire, England, on the 23rd of June, 1835, and brought up in Copenhagen. He went to sea when about thirteen years of age, but ran away from the brig “Christian” at Melbourne, and followed the goldfields till 1855, when he returned to the Old Country. Two years later he came back to Victoria, where he continued to reside till 1861. Mr. Hansen was in London at the time of the exhibition of 1862, and soon afterwards he again returned to Victoria. In 1866 he landed in Hokitika, and has been connected with goldmining since that time. His home is at Kawarau Gorge, where he has held property since 1869. Mr. Hansen was married, in 1858, to a daughter of the late Mr. Granback, of Denmark. This lady died in 1859, leaving one daughter. Mr. Hansen contracted a second marriage on the 15th of March, 1871, with a daughter of Mr. G. Bennett, of Lancashire, England, and they have four daughters and two sons, besides grandchildren.
, better known as Victoria Bridge, is on the Kawarau river, almost midway on the main road, between Cromwell and Queenstown. For about fifteen miles the road—carved out of the mountain side—follows the winding of the river through the Kawarau Gorge, and along this road the scenery is magnificently wild and rugged. A little distance beyond Waitiri is the Nevis Bluff, where the mountain rocks overhang the Pass road, and the river—almost perpendicularly beneath—surges some 150 feet below. The Victoria Bridge, a fine structure, spans the Kawarau at Waitiri and immediately adjoining is the Victoria Hotel, a well kept hostelry, which provides first-class accommodation and good stabling. The city sportsman with his rod and gun can here obtain a distinct change of scene, and good sport, and his material wants will be well catered for at the Victoria Bridge Hotel.
, Proprietress of the Victoria Bridge Hotel, was born in Staffordshire, England, in 1854, and came to Wellington,
was surveyed about 1877, when railway communication was established with Dunedin. Mr. Anderson, the owner of the land, made two offers to the Government. If it erected a railway station at Stirling he would give it free permission to run the line for a distance of two miles through his property, but if the Government declined to accede to the request, he would charge £5 per acre for land required for the line. After a great deal of delay the Government erected the station, and Mr. Anderson then surveyed and cut up ten acres which formed the original township; subsequently an additional area was added, and on this also the present township stands. Stirling, which is fifty miles south-west from Dunedin, is the centre of a dairyfarming district. It has an Athenæum, public school, dairy factory, one hotel, and two smithies; and across the Matau branch of the Clutha river is the pretty village church, with its pointed spire, which forms a conspicuous object for miles around the district.
, Sanitary Pipe Works, Benhar, Stirling. These works were established in 1879, by Mr. John Nelson, but were subsequently leased to Messrs McSkimming and Son, under whose management the output has more than trebled itself. To keep pace with requirements, new and up-to-date machinery has recently been installed, and the premises have been enlarged. Though the making of sewage pipes is the chief industry, bricks, and fire-clay goods of every description are also manufactured. The clay is quarried from the surrounding hills, from which it is carted to a large grinding pan, where it is crushed by steel grids and heavy rollers, each of the latter weighing thirty-five hundredweight. It is then taken along a carrying belt and dropped into a pit, to be soaked with sufficient water to make it workable, before being conveyed in barrows and tipped into a scoop placed above two sets of clay rollers. Subsequently the clay is treated by a pug-mill, and comes out in square blocks, which are stored in a loft alongside the pipe machine. These blocks are afterwards put through a direct steam pressure sanitary pipe making machine, in which the clay is pressed and moulded into pipes, varying from three inches to thirty inches in diameter. This machine is capable of turning out sixty eighteen-inch pipes per hour. After being moulded the pipes are carried to a drying loft situated over the burning kilns, where, after being trimmed, turned and fettled they are allowed to harden. They remain in the drying loft from eight days to two weeks before being placed in the kiln and burned in a temperature of over 1400 degrees centigrade. The kilns, of which there are five, each eighteen feet in diameter, are constructed on the improved down-draught principle, and each kiln is under full fire for about fifty hours. When the salting process has been carried out the kilns are allowed to cool down. The cooling occupies about eight days, and then the pipes are taken out ready for the market, and placed direct into trucks on the railway siding. Not the least important feature of the works is a small experimental kiln, operated by Mr. Parker McKinlay, M.A., who has made a special study of clays and enamels, and is at present (1904) carrying on experiments in a small kiln at the works, with the object of producing high-class enamelled fire-clay sanitary ware and glazed bricks. The firm has for years supplied the Public Works and Railway Departments, and County Councils over Otago, Southland and Canterbury, and at present holds large contracts for supplying pipes to the Dunedin Drainage Board, and the Gore and Mosgiel Borough Councils. The lignite coal used is mined from the firm's own coal pit, close to the works. Much of the success of the firm during recent years is due to the energy and ability of Mr McSkimming, junior, who, as working Manager, has improved and brought the works to a high standard of perfection.
was born in Lanarkshire, Scotland, in 1848, and with his wife, a daughter of Mr. Richard Pelling, of Bankfoot, Lesmahagow, came to New Zealand in 1878, by the ship “Canterbury.” After three years at Lawrence and a year on the Waitahuna goldfields, he entered upon employment as pipe-maker with Mr. John Nelson at the Pipe Works, Benhar. Subsequently Mr McSkimming took over the works from the proprietor, and devoted himself to the perfection of the brick and sanitary pipe industry. He has a family of four daughters and one son. Mr. McSkimming takes a prominent part in all public and local questions, and is also a Justice of the Peace.
, Farmer, Mount Wallace, Stirling. Mr. Anderson's farm consists of 750 acres of arable land, which consists in part of a portion of the estate belonging to his father, one of the oldest residents in Otago. He was born in 1858, at Bellevue, Dunedin, and educated at the Inchclutha school, by Mr. Alexander Grigor, one of the oldest teachers in the province. Mr. Anderson was apprenticed to the drapery trade, which he left to work on his father's estate at Balmoral, Inchclutha. In 1882 he leased the Mount Wallace property of 600 acres, and subsequently purchased 150 acres adjoining his present leasehold. The land is all under cultivation, and is devoted to raising oats, wheat, barley, root crops, and the fattening of sheep. There are large deposits of coal on the land, and about ten years ago Mr. Anderson opened a large seam, which he leased to Mr. H. Hill, who pays a royalty on every ton of coal won from the mine. The coal is of the lignite species, is very suitable for open fires and steaming purposes, and finds a ready sale in the local market, which would be increased were the
, the prize model farm of Otago, is situated two miles from Stirling, near the Matau branch of the Molyneux river. The property consists of 338 acres of flat land, and was originally owned by Messrs Maitland Brothers, who held it in its unimproved state until 1890, when it was purchased by Mr. Gilroy, the present proprietor. He at once set to work to subdivide, fence, and drain the property, and to eradicate the stumps of old manuka trees which were thickly and firmly embedded in the soil. This task involved heavy expenditure, as large numbers of men were employed in the operations; but the whole of the land is now arable, and some of the heaviest root crops in the colony, running up to seventy tons to the acre, have been grown upon it. Cattle feeding and sheepfarming are carried on, and there is usually a herd of 150 to 200 head of cattle, and up to 1500 Romney crossbred sheep. The cattle shed, which contains fifty stalls, and is exceptionally well fitted up, is a large brick building with brick floor, and is ventilated along the top and under the iron roof. On three sides the roof extends so as to form a wide verandah, under which the farm implements, machinery, and carts are stored and protected from the rain. The manager's residence is of brick, and there are separate quarters for the men. The stable is also of brick, and the floor of it and the whole of the farm yard are paved with stone. The wool-and-shearing-shed is sufficiently large to hold from 300 to 400 sheep under cover. The water from the roofs is collected by large concrete tanks, which have iron drinking troughs attached to them. A system of pipe drainage all over the property conducts the water to the main drains leading to Lake Kaitangata; but when the Molyneux river and the lake rises, the drains are banked up, and the flat country is liable to flood. To cope with this contingency Mr. Gilroy has erected a pumping engine shed, and installed one of Booth, Macdonald and Co.'s ten-horse-power gasoline engines, which drives an electric pumping plant with a capacity of 500 gallons per minute. This is now (1904) about to be increased sixfold, and when the alterations necessary for this are effected, rapid and perfect drainage will be assured, unless the river should seriously overflow its banks. In addition to “Inveresk,” Mr. Gilroy owns 168 acres on the Balclutha Ridge, and sixty-five acres at Inchclutha. He personally superintends the working of these properties, and resides at a beautiful homestead at Inchclutha, while his son resides at “Inveresk.” He breeds all his own horses, and has won numerous prizes with them and with his stock, at the local and Dunedin shows. Mr. Gilroy has four times won the gold medal and several trophies given by the Otago Agricultural and Pastoral Association for the best farm in Otago, and the shield, which had to be won three years in succession, is now his absolute property.
, Proprietor of “Inveresk,” was born at “Eskfield,” Musselburgh, near Edinburgh, in 1840, and was brought up on his father's home. After leaving school he learned the trade of a blacksmith, with Mr. Storey, of West Fenton, East Lothian. In order to improve himself, he afterwards worked with Mr. Gray, M.R.C.V.S., and with Mr. Dick, of Edinburgh, and became farrier for Messrs Matthew and Thomas Dawson, and other well-known sportsmen. He was subsequently employed at Mr. William George Armstrong's (now Lord Armstrong's) gun works at Elswick. Newcastle-on-Tyne. Mr. Gilroy arrived at the Bluff by the ship “New Great Britain,” in 1862, and after six months at Invercargill, started business as a blacksmith at the Bluff. In 1864 he removed to Stirling, where he bought some land from Mr. John Pitchel, of Inchclutha, and Mr. A. Anderson, and erected a smithy which he conducted for many years. He established branch businesses at Inchclutha, Kaitangata, and Balclutha, all of which he supervised until he devoted his attention to farming, when he leased them. Mr. Gilroy is a member of the Otago Agricultural and Pastoral Association, and has served on its committee; and for many years he was president of the Clutha and Matau Agricultural and Pastoral Association of which he is now (1904) a life member. He has also been a member of the Stirling school committee, and he promoted the Stirling Dairy Factory, to which he gave his services gratuitously as chairman of directors for many years. As a mark of their esteem the shareholders presented him with a gold albert. Mr. Gilroy married, in New Zealand, Miss Agnes McNiven, of Argyleshire, Scotland, and has one son and five daughters.
is a prosperous borough fifty-four miles south-west from Dunedin, and is built on the banks of the Matau branch of the river Clutha, near its confluence with the sea. The town is connected with the lower part of Inchclutha by means of a bridge, and the Coal Company's branch line connects it with the main trunk line at Stirling, close to Balclutha. Kaitangata is in the county of Bruce, and is the centre of a district full of interest on account of its scenery and industrial enterprise. The Clutha river, Inchclutha, and all the country to the south-west are within view; so are two fine lakes, and the sea can be seen from the top of the hills. Coalmining is the chief local industry, but flax abounds in the district, and there is a good local mill for turning it to account. Agriculture is successfully carried on in the district. The town of Kaitangata has a post, telegraph, telephone, and money-order office, churches of the Presbyterian, Anglican, Methodist, and Roman Catholic denominations, and a branch of the Salvation Army. A fine Athenæum, with a good library, up-to-date magazines, and general literature, is well patronised by the residents. There are also two hotels and a public hall suitable for
. Kaitangata was proclaimed a borough in September, 1887, and the first members of the council were Messrs A. N. Hislop, William Aitcheson, Matthew Carson, Henry Kerr, W. T. Smith, and W. Middlemass. The borough, which has an area of 1158 acres, contains 549 ratable properties, and has a population of 1500 persons. There is a general rate of 1s 3d in the £, and a special rate of 6d in the £ over a limited portion of the borough, on account of £280 spent in providing, jointly with the County Council, for the drainage of the lakes. There are several reserves. The Victoria Park is well laid out with shrubs, and there is a town domain, where the annual athletic sports are held, and which is largely used for cricket, football, etc.
, J.P., is a native of Stirling, Scotland, where he was born in 1857. He was educated at the High School, Bedford, and afterwards went to the Highlands of Scotland, where he served an apprenticeship as a nurseryman, under the gardener of Sir James Matheson, Bart., of Lewis. In 1877 Mr. Poole came to New Zealand in the ship “Timaru.” and went to Kaitangata, where he managed Mr. Gray's nursery business for four years. He then went to Milton, where he carried on business as a nurseryman for several years. In 1893 Mr. Poole started in business in Kaitangata as a draper, and five years later he bought the drapery business of Messrs W. H. Mackenzie and Co., of the same town, and carried it on with marked success until he sold it. In 1898 Mr. Poole was elected a member of the Borough Council by a large majority, and in November, 1899, he contested the mayoralty against Mr. W. H. Mackenzie and Mr. John McCorley, and was returned by a majority of twenty-five votes. Mr. Poole is still (1904) Mayor of Kaitangata. He has also been a member of the Kaitangata school committee, and has taken an active part in political affairs, being a strong supporter of the Seddon Government. Mr. Poole was the first secretary of the Kaitangata Miners' Union, and is a member of the Otago Coal Miners' Association. While he had his large drapery business in Water Street, Mr. Poole had the agencies for the Anglo-Special Bicycles, the London and Lancashire Fire Insurance Company, and the Victory Sewing Machines. His business premises covered an area of 2700 square feet, and there was a large room attached where Mr. Poole permitted the Kaitangata branch of the Coal Miners' Association to hold its meetings free of charge. As a Freemason Mr. Poole is a member of Lodge St. Thomas Kilwinning, No. 84, New Zealand Constitution, and he is also a member of the Loyal Pride of Kaitangata Lodge of Oddfellows. In 1879 Mr. Poole married a daughter of Mr. James Blaney, of Kaitangata. Mrs Poole died on the 1st of June, 1898, leaving a family of two sons and five daughters.
, who was elected to the Kaitangata Borough Council, in April, 1903, serves on the works committee. He is also a member of the school committee, and of the committee of the local Horticultural Society. Mr. Hawke was born at Geraldine, Canterbury, in 1876, and educated at the Geraldine public school. He served a five years' apprenticeship to the blacksmithing trade, with Mr. W. Barrett, of Winchester, and subsequently was in business on his own account at Hampden, Otago, for a year before removing to Kaitangata, where he has already built up a large connection as a wheelwright and blacksmith. Mr. Hawke is vice-president of the Kaitangata Cricket Club, and has been captain of the local football club. He is also a member of the vestry committee of the Anglican Church. Mr. Hawke was married in February, 1993, to a daughter of Mr.
, J.P., who was elected to the Kaitangata Borough Council in April, 1904, is chairman of the works comittee. Mr. Wilson was Mayor of the borough for the year 1903–04. He is a member of the local Athenæum committee, and has been chairman of the school committee. Mr. Wilson was born in Nottinghamshire, England, in 1852, and came out to New Zealand in 1874, by the ship “Auckland.” After a year spent at Mosgiel, he settled at Kaitangata, where he carries on business as a coal merchant; he also leases a dairy farm of ninety acres, close to the township. Mr. Wilson was married, in 1872, to a daughter of Mr. William Lewitt, of Nottingham, England, and has a family of five sons and six daughters.
, J.P., ometime Mayor of Kaitangata, and for some time Mining Engineer and Mine Manager of the Kaitangata Coal Company, was the eldest son of Mr. and Mrs. Joseph Shore, formerly of Ayrshire, and was born in 1847. Mr. Shore was educated at the Kilmarnock Mining School, and came to Port Chalmers in 1877 by the ship “Parsee.” He obtained employment in connection with the construction of the Deborah Bay tunnel, but next year commenced coal mining operations at Kaitangata. In conjunction with Messrs Winter, James Smith (Greenfield), and W. Moore, he sank the “deep shaft,” and worked the coal mine until June, 1879, when the property was sold to the company. Mr. Shore was appointed deputy manager, and in 1883 he received his appointment as mining engineer and mine manager. He was elected one of the first members of the Kaitangata Town Board, which was eventually merged into the Borough Council, and except during 1890, when he was suffering from ill-health, Mr. Shore had, until about 1898, been Mayor of Kaitangata from the creation of the borough. Mr. Shore was made a Justice of the Peace many years ago, and after the passing of the “Coal Mines Act of 1886,” he had been a member of the Board of Examiners for the Colony. In 1868 he was married to Margaret Thomson, daughter of Mr. Robert Culley, of Kilmaurs, Ayrshire, and had a family of nine children. His eldest son, Mr. William Shore, junior, was a general merchant, at Kaitangata, and his second daughter occupies the position of mistress of the Waiwera public school. Mr. Shore died on the 30th of March, 1902.
, General Merchant, Agent for the Liverpool and London and Globe Fire Insurance Company, Ocean, Accident and Guarantee Corporation, Limited, Standard Brand boots and shoes, H. E. Shacklock's “Orion” ranges, Nimmo and Blair's “Standard” seeds, corner of Exmouth and Water Streets, Kaitangata. Telephone 5. Bankers, Bank of New Zealand. The owner of this establishment is the third son of the late Mr. Henry Hitchon, storekeeper, Adam's Flat, who arrived in New Zealand during the fifties. Mr. H. S. Hitchon was brought up to business with his father, and in 1887 he began on his own account at Kaitangata. He has built a new store 40 feet by 38 feet, and divided it into two compartments, one stocked with drapery and boots, and the other with groceries, ironmongery and crockery. There are two offices, one for the use of the staff, and the other a private one, which is also used for the reception of the numerous customers, who patronise the establishment. The natural lighting of the store has been ingeniously effected by a skylight and lantern light, which imparts a cheerful appearance to the premises. Acetylene gas has been installed, and is generated in a gasometer with a cubic capacity of 28 feet, and will supply ten lights for five hours at a cost of about two shillings for that time. The gasometer is about 15 feet from the main building, to which gas is conveyed through a main to the thirteen jets, distributed throughout the premises. The gas is generated in water from lime and coke, called calcium
carbide, and the risk is comparatively trifling, as the Underwriters' Association has allowed Mr. Hitchon to erect and introduce the plant without paying an extra premium. The premises
, Junior, sometime General Merchant, Financial, Commission, and Insurance Agent, Exmouth Street, Kaitangata, was the eldest son of Mr. William Shore, sometime Mayor of Kaitangata, and was born in Ayreshire, in 1873, and educated at the district school, Kaitangata. He learned his trade in connection with the late firm of Messrs W. H. McKenzie and Co., of Kaitangata, but in 1896, he entered into business on his own account, and for years he carried on an extensive trade, with numerous branches. In 1898, Mr. Shore was married to the eldest daughter of Mr. A. Blackie, of Castle Hill estate, Kaitangata. He died at Balclutha on the 23rd of July, 1902.
, Of Kaitangata, was born in Edinburgh, Scotland, in 1832, and arrived in New Zealand on Boxing Day, 1849, by the ship “Mooltan.” He was first employed by Mr. F. S. Pillans, at Inchclutha, with whom he remained for
three years. On the outbreak of the goldfields in Australia, he went to the Bendigo diggings, where he was very successful. Eighteen months later Mr. Aitchison returned to New Zealand, and for two years was engaged in pit-sawing in the bush near Wellington. On his return to the South Island, he followed the same occupation, and in 1856 bought some hilly land at Kaitangata, which showed prospects of coal. This proved to be a most valuable property, and for many years the land has been leased to the Kaitangata Coal Company, whose coal has
become a household word throughout Otago; and the Company pays Mr. Aitchison a royalty on each ton of coal turned out. In the early days Mr. Aitchison was the means of starting the first school in the district. He engaged part of a store, secured the services of a schoolmaster, and started the school on a good financial footing, before the management was taken over by the
is a large island, several thousands of acres in extent, surrounded by the two branches of the Molyneux river, and is in the county of Bruce. It lies between Stirling, Kaitangata, and Balclutha, and is connected by the two former places by means of bridges. Inchclutha has been termed the Garden of Otago, on account of the exceptional richness of the soil; but being flat and rather low lying, it is subject to floods when the river rises. Good crops are grown, especially root crops, and the chief industry of the settlers consists in cattle breeding and dairyfarming. There is a creamery of the Taieri and Peninsula Milk Supply Company, Limited, on the island. At one time a considerable area of Inchclutha was covered with flax and dense bush, but most of the good land has now been cleared for cultivation. There are churches of the Presbyterian and Anglican denominations, and a local post office; but the nearest telegraph offices are at Kaitangata and Stirling.
is picturesquely situated on the banks of the Matau branch of the Clutha river. It presents an ornate appearance, and is surrounded by well laid out grounds and a beautiful clump of totara trees. The church cost £1900. It is built of wood, with a handsome pointed spire of 90 feet, and was erected in 1877 on an acre of ground, part of which was swept away by the great flood of 1878. The interior is semi-circular in shape, and has seating accommodation for 250 worshippers. There is an excellent choir, under the conductorship of Mr. Alex. Fraser, of Kaitangata, who plays upon a very sweet-tuned and powerful American organ. The religious instruction of the young is well provided for by a Sunday school, which is conducted in the church, under the superintendence of Mr. Peter McSkimming. Services are also held every Sunday afternoon, at the Matau school-house. The early settlers who resided in the scattered districts of Wangaloa, Kaitangata and Balclutha, worshipped for many years in a church erected in 1850, near Balmoral, Inchclutha, under the pastoral charge of the Rev. W. Bannerman, but those districts have now their own separate churches and members.
, sometime minister of the Inchclutha Presbyterian Church, was born at Lesmahagow, Lanarkshire, Scotland, in 1827. He was the youngest son of Mr. Gavin Allan, farmer, sometime of Logan, Scotland. Mr. Allan
, only son of the late Colonel W. S. Pillans, Bengal Horse Artillery, Honourable East India Company's Service, and nephew of the late Mr. Francis Scott Pillans, of Myres, Inchclutha, was born at Agra, British India, on the 7th of April, 1849. He was educated at Circus Place school and at the Edinburgh Academy, Scotland; came to New Zealand, via Panama, in May, 1867, and settled at Manuka Island station, Hillend, Otago. Mr. Pillans was for eighteen years a volunteer officer; at first as captain commanding the Clutha Rifles, and afterwards adjutant of the 2nd Battalion of the Otago Rifle Volunteers. He was a Justice of the Peace, and a member of the Council of the Otago Acclimatisation Society, and took a great interest in fishing and fish culture. Mr. Pillans took part in several exploring expeditions, and was a member of the first party to traverse the Catlin's river bush from end to end, from Catlin's river to Fortrose, and also of the first party to cross from Milford Sound to Lake Te Anau, via McKinnon's Pass. He took part in the search expedition when the late Mr. Quentin McKinnon was lost in Lake Te Anau. In company with Mr. H. J. Day, Mr. Pillans navigated the Clutha river as far as Roxburgh. This occupied nine days, though the return journey, with favourable wind and current, was accomplished in ten hours. Mr. Pillans went to reside in Scotland in January, 1898. He was married on the 5th of February, 1879, to Mary Agnes, younger daughter of the late Mr. Thomas Halliwell, of Dunedin, and has one son, William Soltau Pillans, born at Geldeston, Norfolk, England, on the 11th of March, 1880.
, Farmer, Inchclutha. Mr. Rutherford is a son of Mr. John Rutherford (a retired colonist, residing at Mornington, Dunedin), and was born in Stirlingshire, Scotland, in 1853; educated at Bothkennar, and prior to leaving Scotland, was engaged in agriculture. On his arrival in Otago, to which he came by the ship “Timaru,” he purchased a farm of 265 acres at Inchclutha, and still cultivates it. Mr. Rutherford joined the Kaitangata Rifles at the formation of the corps, and was chosen acting-lieutenant, and subsequently commander in 1892. After Captain Rutherford took charge of the corps, it increased in numbers and efficiency, so much so, that the Commandant of the New Zealand forces, the late Colonel Fox, in his annual report for 1894, stated that the Kaitangata Rifles were first on the list for general proficiency. Captain Rutherford had the honour of being the first and only commander called in front of his company and publicly
complimented upon the manner the members had performed their duties. He was ably seconded by his first lieutenant, Mr. William McLaren, who had been connected with the corps for some years. Mr. Rutherford has for many years been chairman
, J.P., sometime of Bellevoir, Inchclutha, was born at Half Way Bush, near Dunedin, in 1850. He was educated at the Inchclutha school, and at the early age of nine years, he began to work upon his father's farm, where he resided until he was thirty-three. About 1880, he and his brother John leased the Woodside estate from their father, and cultivated it until 1891, when they dissolved partnership, and Mr. William Mosley retained 400 acres of the estate, which was afterwards brought into a high state of cultivation. Before the introduction of the double-furrow plough, disc harrows, etc., the methods of breaking up the soil were very primitive and crude, but the Mosley Bros. soon adopted new machinery, and claim that they were the first to introduce one of Woods' twine binders in the district. Mr. William Mosley also followed the footsteps of his father, in furthering the welfare of the district, and was a member of the Bruce County Council, road board, school committee, Clutha Rifles, and had also been a director of the Inchclutha Dairy Factory and other companies. He was also a successful cultivator of the tomato plant (under glass), and experimented with the culture of the grape. In 1883, he was married to Eliza Jane, daughter of Mr. W. Henderson, of Aberdeenshire, and they had a family of one daughter and one son. Mr. Mosley died on the 14th of September, 1902.
is situated in the valley of the Clutha, on the main line of railway and road, fifty-three miles from Dunedin, and fourteen miles from the sea. It is built on about 400 acres of alluvial land. On its north side, the river is spanned by a large traffic bridge, 600 feet long, built in 1879, at a cost of £10,000. Half a mile below this is the railway bridge, designed by the late Mr. W. N. Blair, then engineer-in-chief of the colony and erected in 1877 at a cost of £25,000. Below the railway bridge, the river divides and forms Inchclutha, famed for its magnificent crops and rich pastures. Up to the year 1857, Balclutha was covered with flax, and Mr. James McNeil was then the only settler on the flat. In that year the Provincial Government established an accommodation house and ferry, with a bonus of £50 a year to the keeper, Mr. John Barr, who afterwards bought 100 acres of the flat at ten shillings an acre; and on that land the principal part of the town is now built. In 1863, the ferry reserve of fifty acres was surveyed by Mr. R. Grigor, and sold, and Mr. Barr also subdivided a portion of his land, which sold at good prices. Since that date the progress of Balclutha, which is the county town, has been steady and sure. The town has now 1420 inhabitants. Its streets are asphalted, and they are lighted with gas, manufactured by the Balclutha Water Gas Company. There are four churches, two banks, a post office, railway station, a high school, a courthouse, four temperance hotels, a flour mill, two newspapers (the “Clutha Leader” and the “Clutha Free Press”), and numerous large stores. There are no manufactures, and the town depends mainly on agriculture in the adjacent districts. In October, 1878, there was a large flood in the Clutha river, which overflowed the town and did a large amount of damage, and destroyed the traffic bridge. The bridge was renewed, but the loss caused by the flood kept the town back for a few years. However, the Government built a large protective bank at the back of the town, at a cost of £5000, and this has since effectually kept the place clear of flood water. The Catlins river branch railway starts from Balclutha.
has an area of 568 acres, and a population of 1420. It has 260 ratepayers and 320 rateable properties. Its capital value is £96,546, on which there is a rate of 3d in the pound. There is also a special library rate of 1d in the pound, and a rate of one-sixteenth of a penny for charitable aid. Since 1893 the town has been lighted with water gas, supplied by a private company. In 1902 the borough erected new sale yards at a cost of £1200, and in 1904, a new council chamber and library at a cost of £600. A recreation ground and cycling track are maintained at an annual cost of £100. Rating on the unimproved value has been in force since 1903. The Borough Council meets on the third Tuesday of each month, and the town's weekly half-holiday is observed on Wednesday. Balclutha was first formed into a municipality in the year 1871, and the first council was composed of Mr. John McNeil (Mayor) and Messrs David Page McKenzie, Peter Clarke, John McEwen, Robert Cramond, and John McDonald; with Mr. William Ralston as Town Clerk. Members for 1904: Mr. John Dunne, Mayor; Messrs Peter Mason, William Guest, E. J. Boyd, George Reid, John Rammage, John Agnew, Alexander McNeil, J. W. Mitchell, and Simon Wright, councillors. Mr. J. C. Mitchell is Town Clerk.
, J.P., was born in Queen's County, Ireland, and brought up to farming in his early years. Later on he joined the Irish Constabulary, in which he remained seven years, and was latterly attached to the Mounted Drill Department, Dublin. In 1859, while still a young man, he left Ireland for Melbourne, and managed a station during the first year of his residence in Victoria. He then joined the Melbourne Mounted Police. Some time afterwards he was selected by Captain Standish, Commissioner of Police-acting on behalf of the Provincial Government of Southland-to proceed to New Zealand to take charge of the gold escort at the Queenstown goldfield, in 1863. For over one year and a half Mr. Dunne had charge of the escort and Mounted Police in Southland, but owing to the great depression which then affected that district, he resigned; but was re-appointed by Mr. St. John Branigan, Commissioner of Police for Otago, to take charge of the Tuapeka district,
where he remained seven years, and had very lively experiences in connection with crimes and offences of all sorts, from sheep and cattle stealing to bank robbery. In 1870 Sergeant Dunne was transferred to Balclutha, and resigned in 1872 to start in business as a hotelkeeper. Thenceforward, until 1894, when prohibition or No License, was carried in the Clutha district, Mr. Dunne conducted the Crown Hotel in a manner which won the respect of all classes in the community. For some time afterwards Mr. Dunne resided in Dunedin, but he then returned to Balclutha, and re-entered into possession of the “Crown,” which he has since conducted as the leading private hotel in the town. During his long connection with Balclutha, Mr. Dunne has taken a prominent part in all matters bearing on the welfare of the town and district, and has been continuously a member of the Borough Council since 1874. He was Mayor for seven
was first elected to the Balclutha Borough Council in 1900, when he was returned against six opponents, of whom three were old members. He was again elected to the Council in 1903. Mr. McNeil has been a member of the volunteers for over eighteen years, and is now senior sergeant of the Clutha Mounted Rifles. He is further referred to as a builder and contractor.
, Member of the Balclutha Borough Council, was born in Victoria, and accompanied his parents to Otago in 1862. After serving his apprenticeship with Mr. Hislop, of Dunedin, and remaining in his employment for twelve years, Mr. Reid was subsequently at Oamaru with Messrs G. and T. Young for two years, before he started his present business at Balclutha, in 1898. Mr. Reid has for some time taken an active interest in local affairs, and was elected to the Borough Council in 1903; and he had, for some years previously, been a member of the school committee. He is a vocalist, and is at present (1904) choirmaster of the Presbyterian church, Balclutha.
, one of the representatives of the United Wards in the Borough Council of Balclutha, is the eldest son of Mr. Thomas Ramage, late of Oakley Iron Works, Fifeshire, Scotland, but now a resident of Dunedin. Mr. John Ramage, who was born in Fifeshire in 1849, arrived in Otago with his parents by the ship “Storm Cloud” in 1860. After finishing his education, he was apprenticed to Messrs. Park and Curle, plumbers and tinsmiths, of Dunedin, and claims to be the first colonial journeyman in the province of Otago. In 1867. Mr Ramage commenced business for himself in Great King Street, Dunedin, and in 1874 removed to Balclutha, where he now carries on one of the largest plumbing and tinsmith's establishments south of Dunedin. Mr. Ramage was first elected to the borough council in 1880, and has been almost continuously a member. He is also a member of the licensing bench, and a strong advocate of the temperance movement. Mr. Ramage was married in 1875 to Julia, eldest daughter of the late Mr. Hugh Bower, farmer, of Hillend, Clutha district.
, Member of the Balclutha Borough Council, is a son of the late Mr. James Wright, a prominent farmer of Inchclutha, who arrived by the “Mooltan” in 1849, and died at Inchclutha at the age of fifty. Mr. Wright was born at Inchclutha, and carried on farming there for many years, until he started his present business in 1888. During his residence in Balclutha he has taken an active interest in local affairs, and was first elected a member of the Borough Council in 1900, and reelected in 1903, when he stood third highest at the poll. He has been a member of the Order of Oddfellows for eighteen years, and a member of the Clutha Agricultural and Pastoral Association for many years, and a prizetaker at its shows with light horses, crossbred cattle, and fat sheep. Mr. Wright is president of the Balclutha Sheep Dog Club. He married Miss Bradley, daughter of the late Mr. John Bradley, of Milton, who arrived in Otago in 1862; and there is a family of three children.
, Borough Engineer and Returning Officer for the Electoral District of Clutha, is an authorised and licensed surveyor. He was born in Edinburgh, came to the Clutha district in 1858, and entered the service of the Government as a surveyor in January, 1861. Mr. Grigor made extensive surveys on the seaboard of Oamaru, and was ordered to the Lawrence district on the outbreak of the “rush” to Gabriel's Gully in June, 1861. He surveyed several blocks of land in the Clutha Valley and at Gabriel's Gully, and also the towns of Lawrence, Dalhousie and Balclutha. On the occasion of a large reduction of the staff, in December, 1864, Mr. Grigor retired from the Government service and settled at Balclutha, where, except for a few years when he acted as a stock and station agent, he has since followed his profession.
controls an area of 946 square miles, with a population, exclusive of the boroughs of Balclutha and Clinton, of 6445. The rateable value is £1,214,857, and there is a general rate of a penny farthing in the pound in
was elected to represent the Clutha riding on the Clutha County Council in December, 1903. Mr. Ayson is also a member of the Kaihiku school committee, and an elder of the Kaihiku Presbyterian church; and he was for many years deacon, and a member of the Balclutha Presbyterian church. He carries on farming at “Albert Downs,” Kaihiku, and is further referred to in that connection.
, J.P., who has represented the Catlins riding in the Clutha County Council since 1899, is a son of the late Mr. Simon Saunders, the pioneer settler of Owaka. He was born in Victoria, and came to New Zealand with his parents in 1861, by the ship “Success,” of which his father was owner and captain. After receiving his education in Dunedin, Mr. Saunders settled on his father's property, Mornington farm, Owaka, where he has since resided. He was sworn in as a Justice of the Peace in 1897, and he fills the position the chairman of the Owaka school committee. Mr. Saunders married a daughter of Mr. Charles Smith, of Port Chalmers, and has one daughter.
were formed in 1898, mainly owing to the energy of Mr. J. W. Wilson, and the corps was duly gazetted on the 2nd of June in the same year. Mr. John Dunne was first elected captain, but owing to his being over age, he was not eligible, and Mr. J. A. Harvey, of Balclutha, was elected in his stead. Two years later Captain Harvey took charge of the Southland Division of the Fourth Contingent, and was killed in action at Ottoshoop, South Africa, on the 16th of August, 1901. An orderly room was erected at Balclutha in commemoration of his death, and he was succeeded by Captain Pennycook, who left in charge of the A Company of the Tenth Contingent, and now holds the rank of Major in the Militia. Captain Pennycook was succeeded by the present captain—Mr. P. A. Watt—who now (1904) is in charge, and has as his lieutenants Messrs Grigor, Jackman, and Mackay. The corps has a strength of sixty.
has been connected with the Clutha Mounted Rifles since their inception. He was elected lieutenant soon after the formation of the corps, and was gazetted captain in 1903. Mr. Watt carries on farming at Kaihiku, and is further referred to in that connection.
was one of the first members of the Clutha Mounted Rifles, and filled the positions of sergeant and sergeant-major of the corps before receiving his commission in June, 1903. Mr. Jackman is a son of the late Mr. Frederick William Jackman, and was born at Romahapa, and brought up and educated in the district. He is now carrying on business as a general merchant at Romahapa, where he also acts as postmaster for the district. Mr. Jackman is secretary of the school committee, and of the public hall committee. He married a daughter of Mr. William Hay, J.P., of Romahapa, and has one son and one daughter.
, formerly Lieutenant of the Clutha Rifles, is one of the ex-champion rifle shots of New Zealand, and has the reputation of compiling the highest score at distances from 200 to 600 yards. Mr. Willocks won the New Zealand Champion
, Balclutha. The first school in the district was opened at Inchclutha, in 1858. Settlement increasing, a more adequate schoolhouse was erected in 1866. As the “eighties” approached it was found that the building was unequal to the educational demands of the district, and another and larger school was built in 1882, which was raised to the status of a District High School in 1892. Mr. William McElrea, the present headmaster, was appointed in 1896.
, Rector of Balclutha District High School, was born in Tyrone, Ireland, and was educated at Newtown Stewart Model School, Londonderry Academical Institution, and Galway College, Queen's University. He obtained the degree of bachelor of civil engineering in 1879, arrived in New Zealand in 1880, and in the following year entered the service of the Otago Education Board. Before his appointment to the Balclutha District High School, he was for several years a teacher in the Tokomairiro District High School.
, First Assistant Master at the Balclutha District High School, was born at Milton, in 1871, was educated at the Tokomairiro District High School, and served a pupil-teachership of four years at the Kaikorai school, Dunedin. He was subsequently for one year at the Normal Training College, in Dunedin, and was appointed in July, 1895, master of the Coal Creek pubilc school. Mr. Turner holds a C2 certificate.
. This society was founded about 1870 through the exertions of Messrs McGregor and Sutherland. Executive for 1904; Mr. C. E. Naish, president; Messrs John Sandilands and John Crawford, vice-presidents; Mr. R. S. Stewart, secretary. An annual show is held in January, extending to two days, and the executive intends to combine industries as well as exhibits of floriculture and horticulture at future shows. For some time the society languished for want of support, but owing to the exertions of Mr. A. Kilgour, one of the members of the committee, it took a new lease of life, and is now in a sound and flourishing condition.
, Vice-president of the Clutha Horticultural Society, was born at Warepa, in 1863. He is the eldest son of Mr. John Crawford, postmaster, of Toiro, who arrived by the ship “Robert Henderson” during
, Teacher of the Violin and Piano, Balclutha. Miss Stewart is a daughter of Mr. D. Stewart, solicitor, and studied the violin under Professor Hans Stitt, at the Conservatoire of Music, Leipsic.
was established in the year 1890 by a company, in which the principal stockholders were residents of Balclutha, Stirling. Inchclutha, and Kaitangata. The printing business of Messrs Algie Brothers, of Balclutha, was acquired, and as it comprised a fairly complete plant, the issue of a newspaper was almost contemporaneous with the formation of the company. Mr. George Lousley was the first chairman of directors, and his colleagues were Messrs W. Christie, J. Nelson, W. M. Shore, J. S. Algie, H. Muckenzie, J. McCorley, B. J. Jeffries, and Thomas Mackenzie. The late Mr. F. A. Joseph, then or the staff of the “Otago Daily Times” and “Witness,” was engaged as first editor, and Mr. J. Stewart Algie was appointed managing director, and was also foreman of the mechanical department of the paper. The “Free Press” met with good support throughout the whole of the wide Clutha district, and also in a considerable portion of the adjoining county of Bruce, particularly in the town of Kaitangata and the districts of Stirling, Inchclutha, and Hillend. Its first editor was a man of very pronounced Liberal, not to say Socialistic views, and these he expressed with considerable vigour in the columns of the paper. After carrying on business for eight years the company went into voluntary liquidation, and the business was purchased as a going concern by the Messrs Algie. Under the new management Mr. D. G. Algie became editor. Mr. Joseph going back to the staff of the “Times” and “Witness,” and Mr. J. S. Algie continued in his old position as head of the mechanical staff. The Messrs Algie continued the paper as a weekly for some time, but improved it in various ways. In 1899, however, they launched it as a bi-weekly, the first published in the district. The sheet was enlarged, and the change proved a success from the start. Since then the paper has increased wonderfully in circulation and influence. More opinions—which an American philosopher has observed are, like other vegetables, worth just what they will fetch—were subordinated to local and general news. The paper still supported the main planks in the policy of the Liberal Government, but independent and accurate reporting and outspoken comment were placed above any political fetish. In the beginning of 1903 a “Simplex” typesetting machine, the second to reach the colony, was procured from the Unitype Company, of New York, Chicago, and San Francisco, and installed in the office of the “Free Press.” As it sets movable type, this machine, although more expensive, was recognised as an improvement on the slug-casting machines then being experimented with in various country newspaper offices. By the use of the “Simplex, the appearance of the printed page was greatly improved, and the results, after several months, fully realised the expectations of the proprietors, whose enterprise in importing an expensive machine of that class to a country town and setting it up without the aid of expert help, testifies to their insight and energy as business men. It was a somewhat hazardous venture, but the output, under favourable conditions, is now eight thousand ens an hour, or equal to the setting of four first-class hand compositors. The paper's readers, as well as the proprietors, have benefited by this product of American inventiveness, for latterly the “Free Press” has been enlarged to eight pages on Tuesday and Friday, or sixteen pages for the week. As it is published at the price of a penny, it is remarkably good value for the money, seeing that it contains over twenty-four columns of reading matter each issue, as well as the advertisements of all local and district auction sales, local bodies, etc. The “Free Press” is a welcome guest in almost every home in the extensive district in which it circulates, and is read by thousands.
, Senior Member of the firm of Algie Brothers, was born in Glasgow, and accompanied his parents to Otago by the ship “Andrew Jackson” in 1884. After learning printing he was employed as a compositor for some time in Dunedin on the “Saturday Advertiser” and “Christian Record.” He had a large experience of newspaper work, and in the end he and his brother, Mr. D. G. Algie, bought the “Clutha Free Fress.” Mr. Algie also published “The Musical Monthly,” which had a large circulation throughout the colony, but as it took up too much of Mr. Algie's time, he ceased to issue it after three years.
, Editor of the “Free Press,” was born in Balclutha, and after working for a time in the “Daily Times” office, in Dunedin, and subsequently gaining experience on several other newspapers, he became editor of the “Clutha Free Press,” on the formation of the present partnership with his brother.
(Daniel Stewart and Robert Robertson Stewart), Barristers and Solicitors, Balclutha.
was educated at the public school, Kincardine, Perthshire, Scotland, King's College, London, and the University of Otago. He was articled in the office of his brother-in-law, the late Hon. William Downie Stewart, then of the firm of Stewart and Denniston, solicitors, Dunedin. Mr. Stewart was called to the Bar in 1873, and began to practise his profession at Balclutha in the following year. During his long residence in the district Mr. Stewart has always taken a prominent part in local affairs. He was for many years a member of the Borough Council, and was Mayor for the years 1901 and 1902. Mr. Stewart is a member of the Otago University Council, and chairman of the Clutha River Board.
, who is the son of Mr. Daniel Stewart, was educated at Balclutha District High School, and matriculated at the University of Otago. He was admitted a solicitor in 1902, and entered into
, Chemist, Clyde street, Balclutha. Mr. O'Connor was born in Dunedin, where he was educated at the High Street school, and served his apprenticeship under Mr. Alexander Bagley, George Street. He passed his examination in 1899, and out of forty-seven candidates took fourth place on the list for all New Zealand. In the same year Mr. O'Connor established his present business at Balclutha, where his shop is up to date in every respect; and, as he resides on the premises, prescriptions can be made up at any time. Mr. O'Connor, who is very musical, and possesses a fine bass voice, is a member of the local Wesleyan church choir. He is deputy captain of the Harriers Club, a most enthusiastic tennis player, and a member of the Balclutha Tennis and Bowling Clubs.
, Dentist, Clyde Street, Balclutha. Mr. Gunthorp was born in London, and at an early age came with his parents to Otago, by the ship “Allahabad.” He was educated at Dunedin, where he studied for his profession under Mr. S. Myers, with whom he remained for seven years, during part of which he had charge of the southern country branches of the business. Mr. Gunthorp also had charge of the laboratory work of Mr. A. L. Myers's dental business at Christchurch for some time, and after passing his examination he resumed the charge of Mr. S. Myers's southern country branch at Balclutha, the interest of which he bought in 1903. His rooms are furnished with all the latest appliances. Every class of dental work, including gold fittings, crown and bridge work, is skilfully carried out, and Mr. Gunthorp pays professional visits to Kaitangata and Milton every week. He has taken a great interest in athletics, and when at Christchurch was a member of the Lancaster Park Cricket Club. He represented Canterbury against South Canterbury and Wellington, and was presented by Mr. Joe Davis with a gold medal for the best bowling averages for Canterbury in 1894 and 1895. Mr. Gunthorp was also a member of the Merivale Football Club, Christchurch, and of the Union Football Club, Dunedin, and played against the Australian Eleven and Southland Eleven. Since 1897 he has been a member of the Otago Cycling Club, of which he was formerly captain, and is now (1904) vice-president. In the year 1900 he won a stake of £50 at the pioneer wheel race at Christchurch. Mr. Gunthorp is a good draughts player, and his brother, Mr. C. Gunthorp, held the Draughts Championship at Auckland for seven years.
, Dentist, Balclutha. Miss Stewart is a daughter of Mr. Daniel Stewart, solicitor. She was educated at the Balclutha district high school, and matriculated in the University of Otago. Miss Stewart studied dentistry under Mr. Armstrong, of Dunedin, passed her dental examination in 1901, and has since practised her profession at Balclutha.
, The Balclutha branch of this bank was worked originally for the Bank of Otago until the purchase of the latter by the National Bank. The building, which is a very creditable one, is built of brick and concrete and contains a banking chamber, manager's room, and private residence, besides a stable and garden adjoining. The staff consists of two clerks, in addition to the manager.
, Manager of the National Bank at Balclutha, who is the fourth son of the late Mr. William Bishop, a well-known resident of Wellington, was born in that city in 1859 and was educated at Wellington College. In 1875 Mr. Bishop joined the service of the National Bank as junior, was transferred to various branches in the Colony, and in 1885 was appointed to his present position. He is very popular in the district, and an enthusiastic cricketer, bowler, and tennis player. Mr. Bishop was married in 1888 to the eldest daughter of the late Dr. Gibson Smith, of Balclutha.
(W. E. Burley). Timber and Hardware Merchants, Building Contractors and Furniture Manufacturers, corner of Clyde and Rentoul Streets, Balclutha. Mr. Burley's premises hold large stocks of ironmongery and furniture, crockery, glassware, and house furnishings, and have a frontage of two chains to Clyde Street and three chains to Rentoul Street. In the adjoining yards, seasoned timber for both building and cabinet work is kept in stock. In the manufacture of the cabinet work a powerful oil engine is used and twelve men are employed on the premises. Mr. Burley is in that line, the principal manufacturer in Balclutha. Large building and contracting operations are also undertaken, and the handsome new municipal chambers were completed by the firm.
, the head of the firm of Messrs W. E. Burley and Co., was born in London, and learned the business of cabinetmaking at Woolwich. He landed in New Zealand in 1878, and went to Kaikoura, where he helped to build the Presbyterian church. Mr. Burley was engaged as foreman in connection with the erection of large buildings, and was subsequently engaged in the erection of several buildings at Masterton in the North Island. He removed to Christ-church in 1881, and seven years later went to Dunedin, where he was employed on the Exhibition buildings. Shortly afterwards he started business as a cabinetmaker at Milton. In 1891 Mr. Burley settled in Balclutha, where he established a cabinetmakers' business, but sold it two years later to Mr. G. Thompson, and entered that gentleman's employment as his foreman. Five years later Mr. Burley re-purchased the business, which he has since carried on with increasing success. Mr. Burley's business engagements leave him with little leisure for public affairs, but is an Oddfellow and a member of the Balclutha Brass Band, and of the Horticultural and Caledonian Societies.
, Builder and Contractor, Clyde Street, Balclutha, Mr. McNeil was born at Warepa, and is a son of Mr. James McNeil, of Balclutha, and a grandson of the late Mr. James McNeil, who arrived in Otago by the ship “Mooltan” in 1849, and became the pioneer settler of Balclutha. Mr. Alexander McNeil learned the trade of a builder, and in 1886 established his present business at Balclutha, where he keeps seasoned timbers, house requirements, and building materials of every description in stock. Ten men are employed in connection with the business, and Mr. McNeil has built many of the leading business premises and private residences at Balclutha, and numbers of public schools, including eight in the Catlins district. Mr. McNeil married a daughter of Mr. Andrew Chirnside, an early settler of Otago. He is further referred to as a member of the Balclutha Borough Council.
(A. R. Jack and R. A. Dunn), Coachsmiths, Wheelwrights and General Blacksmiths, Clyde Street, Balclutha, Bankers, Bank of New Zealand. This well-known business was originally established by Messrs McNiven and Peters, in 1877, but in 1883 the former sold his interest to Mr. Shiels, and on the death of Mr. Peters in
, Senior Partner in the firm of Jack and Dunn (formerly Peters and Shiels), is the youngest son of Mr. John Fergus Jack, of Lady Bank, Dundee, where he was born in 1860. He began to learn the trade of blacksmith in his native city, and finished at Balclutha. After that he worked in Melbourne, and various parts of New Zealand, and eventually became a partner in the firm of Peters and Shiels. Mr. Jack was married, in 1896 to Mary, daughter of Mr. John Harvey, Rose Bank, Balclutha.
Is the second son of Mr. James Shiels, of Port Molyneux, who arrived in the ship “Jura” during the fifties, and was born in Dunedin in 1860. He was educated at Port Molyneux, and afterwards learned the trade of wheelwright with Messrs Paterson and Ironside, Balclutha, and worked as a journeyman with the founder of the firm of Peters and Shiels, of which he became and remained a partner till the end of June, 1903. Mr. Shiels was married, in 1884, to a daughter of the late Mr. Thomas Smith, of Warepa.
(John Dunne, proprietor), Balclutha. The Crown Hotel, which long sustained the reputation of the leading hotel in Balclutha in the pre-prohibition days, still enjoys the same good name as a private hotel, where visitors can be sure of good accommodation. The house contains over forty rooms, and is lighted throughout with gas. The stables connected with the hotel contain thirty-two stalls and seven loose boxes. Mr. Dunne keeps about twenty well broken in horses, which can be engaged at a moment's notice, either as saddle horses or with single and double buggies or gigs. A cab attends all trains for the convenience of travellers, free of charge. Mrs Dunne superintends the management of the hotel.
, Butcher and Farmer, Clyde Street, Balclutha. This business has been established since 1888, and has been developed by Mr. Wright's great perseverance and attention to details into one of the most successful in Otago. The shop, which has been recently erected, is an ornament to the street, with its large white marble slab counters for the display of small goods. The slaughterhouse, where all Mr. Wright's meat is killed, is kept scrupulously clean, and has been built on plans supplied by the Government. In addition to his large butchering business, Mr. Wright is a curer of bacon, and cures, on an average, two hundred pigs a year. He has a fine farm property of 204 acres near his slaughterhouse, and carries on a system of mixed farming. Mr. Wright also rents two other large farms for grazing purposes.
, Merchants, Direct Importers, and Distributors, Clyde Street, Balclutha. Mr. T. Mackenzie, M.H.R., Director; Mr. J. Thompson, Manager. This business was purchased in 1902 from Mr. W. A. Shaw, and its foundation dates back to the early sixties. The old premises have been replaced by handsome new buildings, in which one of the largest businesses in the town is now conducted. The firm extensively imports drapery, ironmongery, and general merchandise, and goods to the value of £10,000 are kept in stock. The drapery department, which is lighted by large plate glass windows, is filled with a fine assortment of some of the choicest products of the loom in the latest designs and fashions. A well lighted boot and shoe room contains an assortment of equally well selected stocks in the latest styles of American, English, and European manufacture. The grocery department occupies the centre of the building, with the ironmongery and crockery departments adjoining, and both are fully stocked in a way to meet all the requirements of the trade. Large stores at the back of the premises are filled with bulk goods, which are constantly replenished by shipments from the English and European markets. The whole place is lighted by acetelyne gas, generated on the premises. Twelve assistants are employed in the various departments, and two travelling representatives visit the districts from Pukerau in the south to Milton in the north, and their visits are regarded as a boon by the country residents. The history of the Import Company since its start has been one of continued prosperity, due in a large measure to the intelligent enterprise of the management.
, Watchmaker, Jeweller, and Optician, Clyde Street, Balclutha. This well established business was bought from the previous owner by Mr. Reid in 1893, and has since been so intelligently carried on that it now has a considerably increased connection. The premises are of brick, and a fine display of artistic jewellery and ornaments is exhibited behind large glass windows, which are lighted with gas. Mr. Reid, in addition to his stock of watches and jewellery, keeps a large variety of spectacles, in gold and silver cases, and he makes sight-testing a specialty. Mr. Reid is also agent for the London Pianoforte Company, Dunedin.
was born in Bedford, England, and emigrated to Australia in 1855. He spent several years on various goldfields in that country, and was attracted to Otago in 1861, by the reports of the gold discoveries. He first went with the rush to Tuapeka, but eight months later removed to the Dunstan. At that time the river Molyneux was at the lowest level known in its history, and Mr. Kinder and his mate were so successful that they obtained twenty-one pounds weight of gold in seven weeks. However, his operations were stopped by a flood, and he went prospecting in new fields on the Shotover, where his good fortune still followed him till his mate's ill-health compelled him to resign his claim, and return to the Dunstan so that the ailing man might receive medical treatment. Some time after-wards
, eldest daughter of Mr. John Kinder, formerly of Stoney Creek, and now of Balclutha, graduated as a Doctor of Medicine, in the University of Otago, in the year 1900. She subsequently had charge of the plague patients at Torren's Island, near Adelaide, and became Assistant Bacteriologist of the Adelaide Hospital. However, her health failed and she had to resign her position, forego her bright prospects of success, and return to her father's home at Balclutha, where she died in 1902.
, Of “Rosebank,” Balclutha, was born in the parish of Dorneck, Sutherlandshire, Scotland, and emigrated to Victoria in 1854. He crossed to New Zealand at the beginning of the following year, and after a few months at Auckland left for Otago to join his brother, Mr. Robert Murray, who had arrived six years previously. When he broke his journey at Timaru, the only resident there was a shepherd in the service of the Messrs Rhodes. Mr. Murray travelled on foot from Timaru to Milton, and after joining his brother was engaged in various occupations, including contacting, roadmaking, and sheep shearing. In 1868 Mr. Murray purchased a fine property of about 400 acres at Clarksville, where he farmed until 1892, when he leased his estate and retired from active life. For four years he lived at St. Leonard's, but since 1893 he has resided upon the valuable property which he owns close to the town of Balclutha. Mr. Murray was a member of the Mount Stewart Road Board for fourteen years, and for a year he served on the St. Leonards school committee, and the Farmers' Club. He is a member of the Otago Early Settlers' Association. Mr. Murray was married, in 1868, to a daughter of Mr. William Hislop, of Tokomairiro, who arrived in Otago by the ship “Jura” in 1858, and there is a family of two sons and two daughters. The eldest son, Mr John Murray, occupies a responsible position in the Government Stamp Department in Wellington. The eldest daughter is married to Mr. Alexander, of Clarksville, and the youngest son and daughter reside on a farm near Invercargill.
is not exactly in the Clutha district, though, some miles above Balclutha, the Clutha river forms its frontage. It was founded nearly forty years ago by the late Mr. James Smith, who latterly carried it on in conjunction with his sons. Mr. Smith, the founder, is referred to as an old colonist, at page 395 of this volume, and some particulars concerning “Greenfield” are also given at the same place. During the first ten or twenty years of its existence hundreds of men were employed oh
, A son of the late Mr. James Smith, the founder of “Greenfield” Estate, was born in 1855, at Milton, and was educated at Nelson College and the Dunedin High School. He entered business life in the old Bank of Otago, and, after being a year with that institution, had some experience in a merchant's office. Mr. Smith was employed for seventeen years in his father's store. He joined the Farmers' Agency Company soon after its incorporation, and became manager in 1890, but is now (1904) engaged in the management of “Greenfield.” He has long taken a keen interest in agricultural and pastoral matters, has been a member of the Otago Agricultural and Pastoral Association for about twenty-three years, and was its president for the year 1896–7. He has also been prominently identified with outdoor sports, and has been president of the Otago Cricket Association. Mr. Smith was married, in 1883, to a daughter of Mr. B. Hibbard, of Timaru, and has two sons and two daughters.
is a small village on the Catlins river line of railway. It lies sixty-one miles south-west from Dunedin and eight miles from Balclutha. Early in the “fifties,” settlers went to South Clutha, and in 1854 there were five families in the district: namely, those of Messrs Hay, Brugh, Mercer, Willsher, and Archibald Brothers. A considerable portion of the country was covered with bush and flax, and sawmilling was one of the first industries. Dairyfarming is an important industry among the present settlers; but, in addition to the local creamery, there are twine, flax, and sawmills in active operation. The pioneer settlers built the first school on church endowment land, and their example has been imitated in more modern days by the younger generation, who have erected a public hall. The village has an old-established Presbyterian church, a Government school, post and telegraph office, and a good general store. Romahapa is the nearest railway station to Port Molyneux and Puerua.
, General Merchant, Romahapa. Mr. Jackman is referred to in another article as lieutenant of the Clutha Mounted Rifls.
, Twine Manufacturers, Glen Mills, Romahapa. This important industry was established by the late Mr. A. S. Begg, in 1891, and since its inauguration the business has been considerably developed. The company owns several flax mills throughout the province of Otago, and the fibre received from these mills is converted into twine at Romahapa. From there the product is railed and shipped to all parts of the colony, and used in connection with the harvesting twine binders. The premises at Romahapa consist of a main factory, two store houses, and the manager's office. The factory is fitted up with two large double drawing-frames, sixteen spinners, and a balling machine of four spindles. A large turbine, which is fed by a water-race from the Omaru river, drives all the machinery, as well as an electric dynamo for lighting purposes. When the water supply fails, in the dry season, a 23-horse-power oil engine is used. The output of the Glen Mills is 150 tons per annum, with an eight-hour shift; but the growth of the business has necessitated the working of two eight-hour shifts per diem.
, General Manager and Secretary of W. Begg and Co., is the second son of the late Mr. A. S. Begg. He was born in Scotland, and came out to New Zealand, as a child, with his parents. At Romahapa he was engaged with his father in the sawmilling industry, and in 1883 went to India, where for ten years he conducted a large sawmilling business. On returning to New Zealand he assumed his present position. Mr. Begg is married to a daughter of Mr. George Nicoll, of Dunedin, and has one son.
, Farmer, Romahapa. Mr. Kilgour is the youngest son of the late Mr. Alexander Kilgour, of Balclutha, and was born at Kinross in 1851. He arrived with his parents in New Zealand by the ship “Sir Edwin Paget” in 1856. His father settled in Balclutha, where he carried on business successfully as a baker, and was in the course of time joined in the trade by his son. During his residence in Balclutha, Mr. Andrew Kilgour took a very prominent position in the community as a successful vine grower and horticulturist. Mr. Kilgour possessed a large vinery and conservatory, in the centre of which he had the oven of his bakehouse. In that way he secured the necessary sub-tropical temperature, and made one supply of coal serve two purposes. Mr. Kilgour was one of the largest prize takers at the local show, and won several trophies at Dunedin. He took an active interest in the temperance cause, and was a prominent member of the Hope of Balclutha Lodge.
, one of the early pioneers of South Clutha, was born at Thurso, in Scotland, and came out to Melbourne in the ship “Africa,” in
is a large agricultural and dairyfarming district, in the county of Clutha, three miles from Romahapa, on the Catlins river railway line. It is an old-established settlement, cut up into small farms, which were owned in the first instance by pioneer colonists who came to Otago by the first ships. Here the late Rev. William Bannerman laboured as a Presbyterian minister for many years. Puerua has a handsome Presbyterian church, a public hall, and a well-appointed store, which is also the local post, telegraph, and money order office. The nearest schools are at Romahapa and Waitepeka. A creamery has been established in the district.
, General Merchant, Puerua. Mr. Paterson, who is the eldest son of Mr. James Paterson, J.P., of Port Molyneux, was born in Edinburgh in 1854, and came to Port Chalmers with his parents in 1858. He was employed in his father's store, and subsequently went to Dunedin for further experience before starting his present successful business, in 1875, at Puerua, where he is also the local postmaster. Mr. Paterson has taken an active part in connection with the Presbyterian church at Puerua, and he has passed through the chairs in the local lodge of Oddfellows, Manchester Unity. He married a daughter of the late Mr. A. S. Begg, of Romahapa, and has two sons and two daughters. Mr. Paterson is a Justice of the Peace.
, Storekeeper, Port Molyneux. Mr. Paterson was born in Edinburgh, Scotland, in 1823, and came to Port Chalmers by the ship “Jura” in 1858. He remained in Dunedin till 1862, and then removed to Port Molyneux, where he has been engaged in storekeeping ever since. In the early days Mr. Paterson was an active member of the local road board, and also of the school committee and Presbyterian church; and he has been a Justice of the Peace for over forty years. His eldest son, Mr. William Paterson, carries on business at Puerua as a baker and general merchant, and is referred to as such in the preceding article.
is a prettily-situated township in the county of Clutha, near the sea coast. It lies seventy-two miles south-west from Dunedin by rail, and for some years was the terminus of the branch line that was extended to Catlins river in June, 1904. The late Mr. Simon Saunders was the first settler in the district, but he was soon followed by Messrs John Smith, George Harle, Andrew Lees, and Charles Hayward. Sawmilling was an important industry in the early days, and it is still carried on; Messrs Guthrie and Larnach at one time had a large mill there employing about seventy men. The surrounding hills are still (1904) densely covered with timber and scrub, but much of the undulating and level land has been cleared and laid under cultivation. Dairyfarming is now, therefore, the leading industry, and there is a large dairy factory in the settlement. The township has Presbyterian, Anglican, Catholic, and Baptist churches, a public school, post and telegraph office, stores, public hall, and Oddfellows' hall, and a first-class recreation ground; and the social organisations comprise a Caledonian Society, an Oddfellows' Lodge, cricket, football, and tennis clubs. A volunteer corps, known as the Owaka Rifles, has also been formed. “Owaka” in the Maori language means “the place of boats,” and was so named on account of the number of small vessels on the river and coast in the early days. The town is a favourite place with visitors during the summer months; indeed, the scenery of the district is of surpassing beauty; the Owaka and Catlins rivers teem with fish, and there is good shooting for sportsmen. The Devil's Blowhole, on the coast, is one of the attractions of the neighbourhood.
, Merchant, Owaka. This business was established in 1876, under the style of Dabinett and Young, but the partnership was dissolved in 1899, and since then Mr. Young has conducted the business on his own account. Mr. Young was born in Glasgow, Scotland, in 1848, and came to Port Chalmers with his parents in the following year by the ship “Mary.” The family settled in Dunedin, but eight years later removed to Warepa in the Clutha district, where Mr. Young, senior, carried on farming and storekeeping until his death in 1881. Mr. Samuel Young, after gaining experience in his father's store, travelled to the Dunstan, Switzers, and Waikaka goldfields, where he did good business. In 1876 he went to Owaka, where, in conjunction with Mr. Dabinett, he established the business of which he is now sole proprietor. He also devotes some attention to farming. Mr. Young has been an elder of the Owaka Presbyterian church for many year; and he has also served on the school committee, and was a member of the Ancient Order of Oddfellows. He married a daughter of the late Mr. Charles Todd, of the Taieri, and has a family of six sons and five daughters.
, Farmer, Owaka. Mr. Logan was born near Larne, in East Antrim,
Ireland, and came to Port Chalmers by the ship “Nelson” in 1862. Soon after his arrival he joined a Government survey party under Mr. Adams, and when it was disbanded
, Farmer, Owaka. Mr. Saunders is referred to under Balclutha, as a member of the Clutha County Council.
, the pioneer settler of Owaka, was a master mariner and ship owner. About the year 1864 he was the first to take a vessel into Martin's Bay on the West Coast of New Zealand. In January, 1865, he took up a block of land near the present township of Owaka, where he settled his family. However, he could not adapt himself to a farming life, and three years later he returned to the sea. In 1885 Mr. Saunders went to England, where he purchased a vessel, brought her out to Auckland, whence he took her to Lyttelton, and then to Newcastle, where he loaded her with coal for Amoy, in China. After discharging this cargo at that port, he sailed in ballast, for Manilla, but the vessel and crew were lost at sea. Mr. Saunders left a family of three sons.
is a small farming settlement near Balclutha, and lies fifty-nine miles south-west from Dunedin, and west of the main south road. It has a post office and public school, but the nearest telegraph office is at Balclutha, six miles distant. The land is all undulating, and sheepfarming is the principal industry. There are some large stations near the district, and the Kaihiku stream and Kaihiku falls are within easy walking distance.
, Farmer, “Blink Bonnie,” Te Houka, Clutha. Mr. Moffat was born in Melbourne, Australia, in 1850, and came over to New Zealand with his parents when he was four years of age. After four years spent at the Taieri, the family moved to Te Houka, and Mr. Moffat was educated at the Balclutha public school, and afterwards assisted his father in working the home farm. In 1884 he bought his present property of 380 acres of freehold, all undulating land suitable for sheep grazing. About 500 Romney Marsh crossbred breeding ewes are kept, but this number is augmented at certain seasons of the year. Mr. Moffat has served on the Te Houka school committee since 1836, and is also a member of the Balclutha Presbyterian church committee. He was married, in 1891, to a daughter of Mr. Fahey, of Fourmile Creek, Clutha, and has a family of two sons and six daughters.
, sometime of Te Houka, Clutha, Otago, was a native of Berwickshire, Scotland, and came out to Melbourne in the late fifties. After four years spent at the diggings he came over to Otago and farmed at the Taieri for a few years. Mr. Moffat then took up land at Te Houka, where he resided up to the time of his death, in September, 1895. He left a widow, four sons and four daughters. Mrs Moffat lives with one of her sons on the old homestead farm.
, or, more properly, Wharepa, is a Maori word which means village or settlement. It was probably a favourite dwelling place with the Maoris in the pre-colonial days, as the centre of the settlement is a pleasantly situated hill, which was at one time thickly covered with bush, and the Kaihiku river, close by, must have teemed with eels and other fish. As a colonial settlement, Warepa dates from 1853, when the late Mr. Peter Ayson bought land there, and in a few years had other pioneers as his neighbours, one of whom
, Farmer. “Corydon,” Warepa, Clutha. Mr. Ayson was born in 1833, at Dunmay, Glenshee, Scotland, and came to New Zealand, with his parents, in 1853, by the ship “Royal Albert.” The family settled in the Clutha district, and subsequently Mr. Ayson and his brother leased a farm near Balclutha, where they remained for twenty-one years. At the end of that time, on account of his father's ill-health, Mr. Peter Ayson returned to the home estate, and took charge of the property, where he has since remained. He has always taken a great interest in the welfare of his district, and besides serving on the Clutha County Council, has been a member of the Warepa Road Board and school committee. He is an elder of the Warepa Presbyterian church, a member of the Farmers' Union, and was for years attached to the Loyal Dalton Lodge of Oddfellows, Balclutha. Mr. Ayson has been twice married; his first wife was Miss Elspeth Fraser Robertson, and in July, 1881, he took as his second wife Miss Margaret Fraser, of Waihola. There is a surviving family of one son and one daughter.
, sometime of “Corydon,” Warepa, Clutha, was born at Cray, Glenshee, Perthshire, Scotland, in 1807. He served an apprenticeship to the carpentering trade, at which he worked for a time before coming to New Zealand with his wife and family in 1853, by the ship “Royal Albert.” A few months after his arrival Mr. Ayson bought some property—the nucleus of “Corydon”—at Warepa, and commenced farming. He was for many years a member of the Warepa Road Board and school committee, and expended much time and money in promoting the erection of the local Presbyterian church. Mr. Ayson was married, in 1832, to Miss Douglas Lamond, of the parish of Kirkmichael, Scotland, and at his death on the 7th of January, 1897, left eight sons and four daughters. His widow still (1904) resides at “Corydon.”
is a Maori word, which may be translated as meaning “a feast of fish,” and no doubt the Kaihiku stream, which is now well stocked with trout, was equally well stocked with eels in the pre-colonial days. It runs, for the greater part of its course to the Clutha, through level country, which early became a scene of prosperous colonisation. The settlement, which is traversed by the Dunedin-Invercargill railway, lies about midway between Balclutha and Clinton, and is sixty-four miles south-west from Dunedin. There is a railway siding and post office at Kaihiku, but the nearest telegraph office is three miles distant, at Waiwera.
, Farmer, “Albert Downs,” Kaihiku, Clutha. Mr. Ayson was born in 1836, in Perthshire, Scotland, and came to New Zealand with his parents, by the ship “Royal Albert,” in 1853. The family settled at the Clutha, where Mr. Ayson took his first lessons in farming; and afterwards he and his brother leased “Finegard Farm,” Clutha, which they worked successfully for twenty-one years. In 1885 Mr. Ayson bought his present property of 630 acres of freehold—mostly undulating land—on which he runs about 600 Leicester and Romney crossbred sheep. Cropping is also carried on, about eighty acres being sown with oats, and six acres with wheat. Mr. Ayson was married on the 30th of December, 1869, to a daughter of the late Mr. Robert Robson, of Clutha, Otago, and has a family of four sons and eight daughters. Mrs Ayson arrived at Wellington in 1851, by the ship “Colombus,” and for many years lived with her father on the Horseshoe Bush estate, Clarendon, Otago. Mr. Ayson is elsewhere referred to as a member of the Clutha County Council.
, Farmer, Bruceton, Kaihiku. Mr. Watt, who is a son of the late Mr. John Watt, of Kaihiku, was brought up to farming, and on the death of his father, succeeded to the home estate. His property is one of the original selections, and consists of 700 acres, on which he conducts a system of general farming. Mr. Watt is a member of the Clutha Agricultural and Pastoral Association, and a member of the local school committee, of which he has been chairman for two years. He has been attached to the Order of Oddfellows for twelve years, and is a member of the Clutha Collie Club. Mr. Watt is elsewhere referred to as Captain of the Clutha Mounted Rifles.
is situated in the county of Clutha, sixty-eight miles south-west from Dunedin, and six miles from Clinton. The township is the centre of a large farming district, which is for the greater part undulating and especially suitable for sheep. Waiwera is on the main south line from Dunedin to Invercargill, and there is a railway station with a post office, and a telephone bureau. It also has a public school, library, a Presbyterian church, and a private hotel. The Waiwera stream flows close to the township, and offers interesting sport to those who like trout fishing. Among the early settlers in the district were Messrs John Gibson, Thomas Blacklock, McKenzie, Broad, and the Anderson family. The Ashley Downs and Clifton stations, and several other large sheep runs, are within a few miles of the township.
, Hillside Farm, Waiwera. Mr. Blacklock was born in Kirkcudbrightshire, Scotland. He was brought up to a farming life, and in 1862 sailed by the ship “Scorsbie” for New Zealand, and landed at Port Chalmers. Mr. Blacklock at once went to Clutha, and a few years later he purchased the nucleus of his present property. Hillside Farm now comprises 513
, Farmer, “Mount Pleasant,” Waiwera, Clutha. Mr. Edwards was born in 1853 on the Otago Peninsula, where he was educated. He was brought up to farming by his father on the home farm, where he acquired much knowledge that has stood him in good stead in the management of his present property. Mr. Edwards remained on the Peninsula for some time after the death of his father, and managed the farm until 1878, when he bought his present property of 550 acres of freehold at Waiwera, where he carries on sheepfarming. About 400 Border Leicester crossbred breeding ewes are stocked, and this number is increased at certain seasons of the year. The land is mostly undulating, but about eighty acres are fairly flat, and, all over, the farm yields fifty bushels of oats to the acre. The homestead and hothouse are surrounded by prettily laid out gardens, well sheltered by fir trees. Mr. Edwards has been a member of the Peninsula Road Board and the Peninsula school committee, and chairman of the Waiwera school committee. He was married, in 1878, to a daughter of Mr. Richard Irving, of the Otago Peninsula, and has four sons and two daughters. Mr. and Mrs Edwards celebrated their silver wedding in 1903, and received many useful and valuable presents on the occasion.
, father of Mr. John Edwards, of “Mount Pleasant,” Waiwera, was born in Sweden, and came out to New Zealand in 1849, by the ship “William Larkins.” On his arrival he took up land on the Otago Peninsula, where he farmed up to the time of his death in 1873. Mr. Edwards, who was highly respected throughout the district, was one of the first members of the Peninsula Road Board, and the Peninsula school committee. He married Miss Margaret Duff, and had a family of five sons and one daughter. Mrs Edwards died in 1884.
is situated on the main south line of railway, and is seventy-four miles south-west from Dunedin, and sixty-six north-east from Invercargill. The township has a population of about 450 persons, and its affairs are managed by a Town Board. Clinton is the centre of a very extensive district devoted to agriculture and pasturage. The streams and rivers in the neighbourhood are exceptionally clear and fresh; in fact, they are ideal waters for trout, which abound especially in the Waiwera, Kuriwao, Wairuna, Waipahi, and Pomahaka. Popotunoa belongs to the Clinton district, and is now, like most of the neighbouring country, pretty closely settled by prosperous farmers and graziers, though, in the late fifties and early sixties it consisted of a sheep run, which was then owned by Mr. Henry Clapcott and his brother, Mr. Frederick Clapcott. In those days the Popotunoa hill, which rises hummock-like—almost like a Scottish ben—out of the lower country, was closely covered with native bush in its pristine beauty and vigour. Take it all in all, it was, perhaps, one of the most romantic portions of New Zealand, and, very appropriately, its chief owner was one of the most kindly and cultivated men in the country—the late Mr. Henry Clapcott. The meaning of the Maori word Popotunoa is “hill easily seen,' and from the slopes and summit of the hill itself, the climber sees one of the finest and most extensive landscapes in New Zealand. Close to the Pomahaka, about fourteen miles from Clinton, there is a flat named the Burning Plains, where a thick and extensive seam of lignite has been smouldering for nearly fifty years. The Pomahaka river is close by, and a creek runs through the centre of the flat itself; but, notwithstanding this, the lignite has burned on all these years, and apparently no one has ever thought of devising or applying means to quench the fire and save the lignite in the interest of the district.
Clinton of the present day is a country town with many conveniences and considerable prosperity. The late trains
The late Mr. George Steel was the pioneer farmer of the district. Mr. Steel was a thoroughly practical colonist, yet also a man of singularly pure and high character, and it would not be too much to say that he gave a distinctive and beneficial bias to the industrial and moral life of the whole countryside. Mr. Rich—of the Riches of Waverley Abbey, in the North of England—who at one time owned the Wairuna run, almost shared with Mr. Steel the honour of starting agriculture in the district, for about 300 acres at Wairuna homestead were worked as a farm. Later on this farm was owned by the Messrs Clapcott, and it was held in the early sixties by the late Mr. John Christie, who subsequently owned land in other parts of Otago, and died at Balclutha in January, 1898. Wairuna Farm was afterwards bought by Mr. Steel, and is now (1904) held by his son.
There is much that is notable in the way of scenery in the neighbourhood of Clinton, such as the Kuriwao ranges, the Popotunoa gorge, the Merrie Creek hills, Wairuna bush, Kowai bush, Popotunoa hill; and, miles away, beyond the Pomahaka, Clydevale estate, and the romantic bush-clad slopes of the lofty Blue Mountains.
was first constituted in 1882, and had as its first chairman Mr. Scobie. There is a population of 400 persons in the town district; ninety-five residences, and the area is 1200 acres. A rate of is in the pound produces an annual income of £102. The present (1904) Board consists of Mr. William Nelson, chairman, and Messrs R. J. Irving. F. C. Andrews, John Begg Thomson, William Boyd, George Cogger, and Peter McCraig. Mr. I. A. Finlayson is clerk.
, A member of the Clinton Town Board, is a son of Mr. Henry Andrews, of Athleborough, Norfolk, England, and was born in 1870. He learned his trade in Norwich, and was subsequently in the employment of Messrs Thorn and Son, the leading saddlers of Norwich; he also followed his trade at Kings Lynn and in London. In 1901 he came to New Zealand, and worked at his trade for nine months in Dunedin. Mr. Andrews then removed to Clinton, and bought his present business, which has been a great success since he took possession of it. Mr. Andrews, since his arrival at Clinton, has taken a keen interest in local affairs, and, in contesting a seat on the Clinton Town Board, was returned at the head of the poll in 1903, and again secured election in 1904. He is an artist of some promise, and his sketches, in black and white, are especially creditable. Mr. Andrews is sergeant in the Popotunoa Rifles. He is also president of the Clinton Football Club, and vice-president of the Cricket Club, a member of the Bowling Club, and a prominent Oddfellow. Mr. Andrews is married, and has a family of two children. His business is noticed in another article.
, Clinton. These hatcheries, which are the largest in New Zealand, if not in the Australasian colonies, lie within two miles of Clinton. The grounds are forty acres in extent, and the ponds and hatcheries occupy a large portion of the area. There are two hatcheries, and the latest, erected in 1903, is built on the most approved plan, with a fine concrete floor, and an unlimited supply of pure water. It contains fifty-six boxes, each six feet long, one foot broad, and six inches deep. These are filled in the season with thousands of ova in various stages of advancement from the freshly fertilised ova, to the young fish ready for distribution in streams and rivers. During the season over 1,250,000 ova are hatched, and owing to the perfect system pursued by the curator 95 per cent, become fry. There are many varieties of trout in the hatcheries, including Loch Leven, Scotch burn, rainbow, American brook, and salmon. There is a considerable foreign demand for the ova, and the Society, from time to time, sends consignments to Tasmania and Australia, and as far as India. The best results are obtained from trout caught in the large streams and rivers, as their eggs yield as much as 95 per cent., and the young fry are strong; while the yield from the stock fish in the ponds does not exceed 85 per cent.; but it is estimated that as a result of fish spawning in their natural state in the rivers, only five per cent, of the fry attain maturity, 95 per cent, being destroyed by their natural
, Curator of the Clinton Hatcheries, was born in Caithnessshire, Scotland, and during his earlier years gained an extensive experience of the habits of fish. For fourteen years he was manager of the Cumster estate, and was presented with a valuable gold watch when he resigned his position. Mr. Stevens came to New Zealand in 1902, to look after some landed interests at Oamaru, and received his present appointment in the same year. He is a member of the Order of Oddfellows; is married, and has a family of five children.
was formed in 1902. Its first captain was Mr. William Mackie, who still holds that position, assisted by Lieutenants John Garden and James Begg. The present strength of the corps is sixty-three.
, of the Popotunoa Rifle Volunteers, joined the corps on its formation in 1902, and was at once elected captain. He is referred to in another article as headmaster of the Clinton school
, of the Popotunoa Rifles, was born at Milton, where he also received part of his education. He joined the Popotunoa Rifles on their formation in 1902, and was elected lieutenant in the same year. Mr. Garden takes a keen interest in local sports; he is a well known shot, and was a member of the Rifle Club for years. He has always taken a prominent part in the success of the Clinton Library and Mechanics' Institute; which was founded in December, 1881, and now contains over 700 volumes. Mr. Garden is married, and has one child.
is a fine wooden building with three class rooms, surrounded by spacious playgrounds. There is an average attendance of forty-eight boys and forty-five girls, and the total number on the roll is 114.
, Head Teacher of the Clinton public school, is a son of Mr. John Mackie, an old colonist of the Tapanui district. Mr. Mackie, senior, arrived in New Zealand in the late fifties, and married Miss White, daughter of Mr. William White, of Waihola. Milton, and Tapanui, who arrived by the ship “Ajax” in 1849. Mr. W. Mackie studied at the Normal School, Dunedin, in 1884 and 1885, and was subsequently appointed teacher to the Lowburn school, whence, three years afterwards, he removed to Kakapuaka school. Five years later he filled the position of assistant master at the Port Chalmers school, and while so engaged he kept terms at the Mental Science, Chemistry, and Higher English Classes at the University of Otago. Mr. Mackie was for five years in charge of the Waikoikoi school, and received his present appointment in 1901. He has always taken a great interest in athletic sports and volunteering.
at Clinton was originally a sub-office connected with Balclutha. and, as such, was opened once a week. It afterwards became an agency, and was made a branch in 1882. Mr. Douglas, the present officer in charge, entered on the management in 1887, and owing to the progress of the district, the branch is now a very important one.
, Manager of the Bank of New Zealand at Clinton, was born in England, and accompanied his late father to Port Chalmers by the ship “Esmok” in the early sixties. After attending school at Dunedin, he there entered the service of the Bank of New Zealand in the seventies. Mr Douglas was transferred to the Milton and Balclutha offices successively, and was appointed to his present position in 1887.
, Saddler and Harness Maker, Clinton. Mr. Andrews' shop is a neat new building, and is stocked with a complete assortment of all kinds of harness, from that required for the ordinary cart to the silver-plated equipment for a stylish buggy. Mr. Andrews has imported new sewing machines of the latest pattern, and makes a specialty of horse covers. He has largely increased his business since his arrival at Clinton, and his connection extends from Balclutha to Gore. Mr. Andrews is personally referred to in another article as a member of the Clinton Town Board.
, Clinton. Mr. R. I. Irving, agent. The Clinton branch of the Company's business was established in 1889, and the present agent, Mr. Irving, took charge of the business five years later. Its connection extends from Kaihiku to Waipahi at Arthurton. For years the history of the business has been one of success and expansion, and under its present management it has increased over 50 per cent, since 1899. The premises occupy one of the finest sites in the town, and everything requisite for the use of farmers is kept in stock. Sales are held fortnightly at Clinton, and are sometimes attended by buyers even from Christchurch and the Bluff. The most important are the September sales, when over 20,000 sheep are yarded, and are sold chiefly by the Loan and Mercantile. A large trade is done with the farmers in Malden Island guano, as this particular manure specially suits the soil of the district.
, Manager for the Loan and Mercantile Agency Company at Clinton, was born at Dumfries, Scotland, and arrived in Otago with his parents by the ship “Pladda,” in 1861. His father, Mr. Richard Irving, lived on the Peninsula for many years, but now lives in retirement at Clinton. Mr. Irving was educated at Mr Bell's school on the Otago Peninsula, at the Dunedin High School, and the University of Otago, where he had a distinguished career as a student in mineralogy. He subsequently visited Australia, and worked underground at Newcastle and at Broken Hill. Mr. Irving returned to New Zealand in 1895, when he entered the employment of the Loan and Mercantile at Clinton, where he has helped to make the business a success. Mr. Irving takes a keen interest in all local matters and sports, and was returned in 1904 at the head of the poll at the election for members of the Clinton Town Board, of which he had at one time been clerk. While he was at college he won the Fives Championship in 1887, was in the Lawn Tennis Championship, and played half-back in the football team. Mr. Irving has been captain of the Clinton Cricket Club since 1899. He is a member of the Bowling Club, and vice-president of the football club. Mr. Irving was lieutenant of the Sandymount Cadets in 1879, and afterwards a member of the Portobello Rifles. He is well known as a contributor to various newspapers, including the Sydney “Bulletin.” Mr Irving married Miss Mitchell, a daughter of one of the pioneer settlers at Blue Spur, near Lawrence.
, Storekeeper, Clinton. Mr. Garden was born in Aberdeen, Scotland, and landed in Auckland in 1859, by the ship “Shalimar.” He had, in the first instance, left Aberdeen for Newcastle in 1853, Newcastle for New York in 1855, and New York for the Old Country in 1857. Not being satisfied with the prospects at Auckland he removed to Otago, and on the discovery of the goldfields at Gabriel's Gully, tried his luck there, and subsequently went to the Dunstan. In 1883 he gave up gold digging for farming, and settled at Clinton in 1874, when he entered business as a storekeeper in the upper township. In 1894 he removed to the lower portion of the town, and ten years later erected his present fine new and well stocked premises, where he carries on an extensive business as a general storekeeper. Mr Garden was a member of the Clinton school committee for several years, and chairman for one year, and a member of the Town Board for some years, and chairman for one year. He was a deacon of the Presbyterian church, and a member of the Bowling Club, of which he was president for two years. In 1901. during the Coronation celebrations, he took a trip to the Old Country, where he spent a considerable time. Mr. Garden is married, and has a family of fourteen children.
, “The Gorge,” Clinton. Mr. Hamilton was born in Lanarkshire.
Scotland, in 1839, and landed in Auckland by the ship “Northern Bride,” in 1860. His first employment was with the late Mr.
John Grigg, of Longbeach, who then resided at Otahuhu, Auckland, where Mr. Hamilton
(Andrew Gardner Copland, proprietor), Clinton. This property was one of the first pastoral selections in the Popotunoa district, and was originally taken up by Mr. W. H. S. Roberts. After passing through the hands of various owners it was bought by Mr. Copland in 1904. The property consists of 6,803 acres of freehold and 1,700 acres of leasehold. About 1,200 acres have been broken up and laid down in English grasses, and 200 acres are devoted to turnips and oats. The station at present carries about 5000 sheep, and is subdivided by wire fences into convenient paddocks. Mr. Copland has been carrying out large improvements, including stockyards, and a handsome new residence. In addition to the sheep, there are about thirty head of cattle on Kuriwao, and in working the land Mr. Copland employs four men and uses ten draught horses and five hacks.
, Proprietor of Kuriwao estate, is the second son of Mr James Copland, of Chertsey, Canterbury, and was born in 1881. He was educated at the Chertsey school, and was engaged in the working of his father's farm until he bought “Kuriwao” in 1904. Mr. Copland has taken a great interest in sports; while in Canterbury he was a member of the Rakaia Football Club, and he is at present (1904), a member of the Clinton Cricket Club.
, Farmer, “Wattle Bank,” Clinton. Mr. Wallace was born in 1866, at “Cliffeton Park,” Clinton, and is the youngest son of the late Mr. David Wallace, an old settler in the district. He received his education at the Clinton and Waiwera public schools, and took his first lessons in agriculture under his father's tuition on the home farm. On the death of his father, Mr. Wallace inherited his present property, which he improved by building a substantial house, erecting barns, and other outbuildings, and putting up a quantity of fencing. “Wattle Bank” is a freehold property of 333 acres, on which mixed farming is carried on with considerable success. Oats thresh out about fifty bushels to the acre, but as most of the land is undulating sheepfarming is the principal industry. Mr. Wallace keeps 400 Romney crossbreds, and five purebred Romney rams, and has a thorough knowledge of stock and their values, of crops and their rotation, and of all classes of farm work. Since 1901 he has been secretary of the Clinton branch of the Farmers' Union, and is also a member of the Waiwera library committee. He was at one time appointed by the Magistrate's Court at Clinton to arbitrate in a fencing dispute, which he settled with satisfaction to all concerned; and at another time was appointed valuer of the Clinton Town Board leases. Mr. Wallace is vice-president of the Clinton Bowling Club, and an active playing member. He has had a good education, and is a shrewd business man, possessing energy, tact and integrity.
, Farmer, “Cliffeton Park,” Clinton. Mr. Wallace was born in October, 1864, in the first dwelling built on his present property. He was educated at the Clinton and Waiwera public schools, and then joined his father in the management of the home farm. When his father died the property was divided between Mr. Wallace and his two brothers, and he chose the original homestead as his share. The farm is a freehold property of 400 acres, of which a good deal is fairly flat and suitable for cropping. Mr. Wallace's crop averages fifty bushels of oats per acre, but he has threshed as high as seventy bushels per acre. He carries on sheepfarming as well, and keeps about 600 Romney crossbreds. Mr. Wallace is a member of the Farmers' Union, and chairman and trustee of the Waiwera public library. He takes little part in public affairs, but is a capable farmer and an authority upon all matters connected with agriculture. Mr. Wallace was married in June, 1900, to a daughter of the late Mr. James McMaster, an old colonist, of Dunedin, and has one son and two daughters.
, Farmer, “Athelstane,” Clinton. Mr. Wallace was born in 1859 in the North East Valley, Dunedin, and is the son of the late Mr. David Wallace, of “Cliffeton Park,” Clinton. He received his education at the Waiwera public school, and afterwards lived with his father on the home farm, until 1886, when he took up, on his own account, part of Mr. John Gibson's Ashley Downs estate, and farmed it for eight years. He then joined his father and brothers, when the Popotunoa estate was cut up, and the firm acquired part of that property. When his father died, the estate was divided amongst the three sons, and Mr J. U. Wallace inherited “Athelstane,” where he then took up his residence. “Athelstane” is a freehold property of 394 acres', and most of the land is undulating and suitable for sheep. About 500 Border Leicester crossbreds are depastured, but that number is increased at certain seasons of the year. Cropping is also carried on to some extent, and the average yield of oats is about forty bushels to the acre. Mr. Wallace is an excellent judge of horses, and takes great pride in breeding Clydesdales for use on the farm. He is a member of the Farmers' Union, but otherwise his time is fully occupied with his farm. Mr. Wallace was married, in 1899, to a daughter of Mr. William T. Wright, of Roslyn, Dunedin, and has one daughter.
, Clinton. This well-known station comprises 8000 acres of freehold and 28,000 acres of leasehold, and extends from Catlin's river on the north-east to the main south road between Dunedin and Invercargill. The station carries 14,000 crossbred sheep, and a herd of 200 Hereford cattle; and 300 acres are under cultivation for oats and turnips. There are two stud flocks of Romney Marsh and Corriedale sheep. The shearing sheds are at the Cairns, six miles from the homestead. A considerable portion of the run is surrounded by a rabbit-proof fence, and subdivided into paddocks by wire fencing. The homestead residence is very pleasantly situated near the main south road, eight miles to the southward of Clinton, and is surrounded by large plantations of well grown trees.
, Manager of the Willow Burn Station, is the eldest son of Mr. A. C. Begg, of Dunedin. He was born in Dunedin, educated at the Dunedin High School, and has had charge of “Willow Burn” since 1889. Mr. Begg joined the Popotunoa Rifles on the formation of the corps as corporal, and was elected lieutenant in 1903.
was born in Dumfriesshire, Scotland, and came to New Zealand, in 1861, by the ship “Pladda,” accompanied by his wife, two sons, and two daughters. For some time after his arrival he was
engaged in felling bush and at other pioneer work incidental to a new country. For three years subsequently he managed the farm of his brother-in-law, Mr. John Matheson, of High Cliff, on the Otago Peninsula. After that he started on a farm named. “Johnston Lea,” which he had previously bought. After working this farm for many years, and spending a great deal on its improvement, Mr. Irving sold it to the late Mr. W. J. M. Larnach. On leaving the Peninsula, in 1886, Mr. Irving bought a farm at Waiwera, on which he lived until he sold it in 1902.
, sometime of “Cliffeton Park.” Clinton, was born in Dundee, Scotland, on the 8th of June. 1828. and after his education was completed, served an apprenticeship to the upholstery business, with his uncle, Mr. Wilson, in Dundee. In 1852 he sailed for Victoria, Australia, where he followed gold-mining with varying success until 1858. In that year he and his partner, Mr. John Buchanan, F.R.S., who became betanical collector and draughtsman for Sir James Hector, came over to Otago. The partners left Melbourne with 550 ewes picked from a noted Victoria Merino flock. Their intention was to go sheepfarming. but unfortunately they landed with only fifty of their sheep alive. These they placed on thirds with the late Mr. John Anderson, of Blueskin and Wyndham, and they thus became the nucleus of his subsequently celebrated Merino flock. Messrs Wallace and Buchanan then settled down for a time on a ten-acre section in the North East Valley, Dunedin, where they were engaged in sawing timber in partnership with Mr. John Reid. In 1858 Mr. Wallace left for the Old Country, and returned with his young wife in the following year. In 1864 he purchased the “Cliffeton Park” property of 400 acres, where he resided almost uninterruptedly till the time of his death, and where most of the family were born. In 1894, three of Mr Wallace's sons joined him in partnership under the style of D. Wallace and Sons, and in the same year the partners purchased over 700 acres of the Logan Estate adjoining “Cliffeton Park.” Mr. Wallace always took an active and intelligent part in public affairs, and was a member for many years of the local school committee and road board, and of the Clutha County Council. Straightforward and honourable in all things, an obliging and agreeable neighbour, a wise and valued counsellor, Mr. Wallace was uniyersally respected and esteemed by all who knew him. He died at “Cliffeton Park,” Clinton, on the 12th of May, 1898, leaving a family of four sons and one daughter. His wife predeceased him by eleven years.
is situated in the Clutha county, ninety-two miles south-west from Dunedin. It is the centre of a large agricultural and pastoral district, and the first settlers were Captain F. W. Mackenzie, proprietor of Glenkenich run, Robert Stewart, of Conical Hills, Alexander Bruce Smith, of Merino Downs station, David Inverarity, the original proprietor of Greenvale station, and John Dickison, manager of the Dalvey run. The runs all ranged from about 20,000 to 25,000 acres in extent. The flat portion of the district is now subdivided into farms, and cropping and sheep breeding are extensively carried on. The railway line from Waipahi to Heriot runs through Pomahaka, where there is a flag station. There is also a post and telephone office, connected with the local blacksmith's shop, and the Board of Education provides a cart which runs daily to and from Tapanui, in order that the children may attend the public school there. The Pomahaka river is well stocked with trout.
, (David Dickison, proprietor), Pomahaka. This property was formerly a portion of the Dalvey Estate, which extended from the junction of the Pomahaka and Waipahi rivers to beyond Tapanui, and comprised about 25,000 acres. It was taken up by Messrs Gammy and Grant about the year 1857, and then and afterwards well known as a sheep-run. On the expiration of the lease in 1870, the Government cut up 8,000 acres at Pomahaka for close settlement, and in 1884 the balance of the run was subdivided. “Mainholm” comprises 1,400 acres of the best portion of the original estate, and consists entirely of flat land of good agricultural quality. The property is bounded by the Pomahaka river, and adjoins the branch line of railway from Waipahi to Heriot. Average crops of wheat and oats range from forty to forty-five bushels per acre, and large numbers of crossbred sheep are depastured and fattened. Mr. Dickison devotes considerable attention to horse breeding, and has exhibited his stock at the local shows. At the back of the homestead there are numerous outbuildings, and other equipments of a well-ordered farm.
, Proprietor of “Mainholm,” is a son of Mr. John Dickison, of Pomahaka. He was born in Midlothian. Scotland, in 1852; accompanied his parents to New Zealand, and was brought up to farming under his father. Afterwards he started on his own account, in conjunction with his brother, on a farm near Gore, where he remained for three years. At the expiration of that period he returned to Pomahaka, and has since conducted the management of his property. Mr. Dickison is a member of the Tapanui Agricultural and Pastoral Association. His wife is a daughter of the late Mr. Duncan Ferguson, of South Molyneux.
, one of the earliest settlers of Pomahaka, was born in Roxburgh, Scotland, in 1822, and was trained to farming in his native country. Under an engagement as manager of the Dalvey estate, he came out to New Zealand by the ship “Mariner.” which arrived at Port Chalmers in 1858. Mr. Dickison at once proceeded to Pomahaka, where he took up his duties, which he discharged up to the time of the division of the estate. Then he acquired the freehold of “Mainholm,” now leased by his son, and he has since retired from active work to enjoy a well-earned rest during the evening of life. Mr. Dickison was married in the Old Country, and brought his family, two sons and four daughters—all of whom are surviving—out with him. He now (1904) has thirty-five grandchildren, and twenty-three greatgrandchildren.
was proclaimed a borough in 1876 under the municipal ordinance of the Provincial Government of Otago, and Mr. John McKellar, of Brooksdale station, was elected the first Mayor. The township is on the Waipahi-Heriot branch railway, ninety-seven miles from Dunedin, and is about one mile from the railway station. It is situated in the county of Tuapeka and in the Clutha electorate, and has a population of about 500 persons. There is a magnificent water supply conducted by pipes throughout the township. The Presbyterian, Anglican, Wesleyan, and Roman Catholic churches, and the Salvation Army have places of worship. Tapanui also has branches of the Bank of New-Zealand and National Bank, a post and telegraph office, district high school, magistrate's and warden's court, police station, town hall and library, an
has an area of 126 acres and a population of 500. The annual rateable value of the borough is £2.121, on which there is a general rate of Is 9d in the pound. Mr. David Murray is Mayor, and the councillors for 1904 are: Messrs Patrick McCann, Thomas Brownlie, John Liddell Wylie, Augustus Munyard, John Fleming, George Troupe Dawson, Peter Hay, John Crawford, and Alexander Mason. Mr. William Sinclair is Town Clerk and Treasurer.
, was born in Lanarkshire, Scotland, in 1864, and is the eldest son of the late Mr. David Murray of the Thames, Auckland. He received his education at public schools and in 1878 was apprenticed to the blacksmith's trade at Lawrence. After working as a journeyman for several years, during which time he acted as manager for Mr. J. B. McAlister of Papanui for ten years, he joined the latter's son in business, but has now (1904) retired. Mr. Murray was married in 1889 to Catherine, daughter of Mr. John Campbell, of Clinton.
, who was at one time a member of the Borough Council of Tapanui, is the eldest son of an old and respected resident, and was born and educated at Tapanui, where he also learned the trade of a carpenter. He afterwards worked as a blacksmith for several years, but he subsequently joined Mr. D. Murray, and carried on business as general farriers at Tapanui. Mr. McAlister is now (1904) a commercial traveller, and resides in Dunedin.
is picturequely situated upon one of the most elevated situations in the town, and can be classed as one of the neatest country offices in Otago. Internally, it is a model of convenience and consideration for the needs of the public. The office was erected in 1895 at a cost of £500. During the Queen's Diamond Jubilee a very handsome clock was presented by the residents of Tapanui and placed in the centre of the building, where it is a decided ornament. Mr. Joshua King is Postmaster and Telegraphist.
, Tapanui. This church was built in the year 1873, and is a plain wooden structure with seat room for about 280 worshippers. The first minister of the parish was the Rev. James Urie (1864–1871), followed by the Rev. Andrew Bett (1872–1885), the Rev. William Scorgie (1886–1894), and the present minister, the Rev. A. Begg, who took charge in 1894. The church at Waikoikoi belongs to the same parish, and was built in 1889; it is a fine-looking building with a steeple and two wings, and has accommodation for about 180 persons. Services are held in Tapanui every Sunday morning and evening, and in the afternoon at Waikoikoi. The church has about 200 members.
, M. A., Minister of the Presbyterian Church at Tapanui, was born at Anderson's Bay, Dunedin, in 1868. From the Anderson's Bay school he proceeded to the Otago Boys' High school, of which he became dux in 1884. He graduated B. A. at the University of Otago in 1888, and M. A. in 1889, with honours in Latin and English. After passing through the curriculum of the Theological Hall of the Presbyterian Church at Dunedin, he was licensed as a preacher in 1892. Mr. Begg then visited Scotland, Egypt, Palestine, and the continent of Europe, and the session of 1893–4 was spent at New College, Edinburgh. On his return to New Zealand, Mr. Begg received a call to Tapanui, and was ordained and inducted in August 1894.
, Riversdale Farm, Tapanui. Mr. Mackie was born in 1840, in Ayrshire, Scotland, where he was brought up to farming, and arrived at Lyttelton by the
ship “Clontarf,” in 1839. He came to Dunedin by the “White Swan” and worked on Mr. John Sidey's farm for six months, before starting farming on his own account at Tokomairiro. Mr. Mackie took part in the rush to Gabriel's Gully, but meeting with poor success soon returned to his farm. Subsequently he sold his property and took up a position as foreman of a number of men employed in constructing the main south road; and the portion from Taieri Ferry to Tokomairiro Bridge, was formed under his supervision. He then went to Akatore, and about two years later purchased his present property at Tapanui. Riversdale Farm was originally part of the Dalvey run, of which it was the first portion sold. Mr. Mackie broke up the land, fenced and subdivided it, and brought it all under cultivation. He carries on mixed farming, and has a private
is a small farming township ninety-one miles from Dunedin, on the main line of railway, and forty-nine miles from Invercargill. The settlement was formerly included in the Otikerama run, owned by Captain Boyd, but this was cut up for settlement, in small areas, about 1877. Pukerau has a post and telegraph office, railway station, Presbyterian church, Roman Catholic chapel, two stores, a public school, and an Athenseum and public hall. Farming is carried on in the surrounding district, and Mr. Norton's brick and drain pipe works constitute an important industry.
, Brick and Drain Pipe Manufacturer, Pukerau. Mr. Norton was born in Hallaton, Leicestershire, England, where he was brought up to the trade of a brickmaker. He came to Port Chalmers by the ship “Zealandia” in 1875, and spent a year at Dunedin and a year at Roxburgh before settling at Chatton, where he remained until 1881, when he settled at Pukerau and established his present business. Mr. Norton is a member of the Cemetery Trustees, the Domain Board, and also of the Athenseum committee. He served on the local school committee for sixteen years, during which he was chairman for ten years and secretary for four years. He has been a Justice of the Peace since 1892. Mr. Norton married a daughter of the late Mr. William Eadie, of Pukerau, and has one son and one daughter.
(William Scoular, proprietor), Pukerau. This property was formerly part of the Merino Downs estate, which was owned by the late Mr. Hugh Macintyre, and on the subdivision of this run it was purchased by Mr. David Murray, who worked it until 1900, when he sold out to Mr. Scoular. Oaklands Farm comprises 1,450 acres of undulating land, most of which is arable, and has been brought to a high state of cultivation. Large quantities of lime have been introduced into the soil, which is systematically worked. The property is subdivided into nineteen paddocks, which are well fenced and drained, and clumps of trees for shelter purposes have been planted on various part of the farm. Sufficient crops for stock purposes are raised, but sheepfarming is the chief industry. About 1,600 sheep are shorn annually, including 1,200 crossbred ewes, and Mr. Scoular makes a feature of breeding Romney rams, of which he has a stud flock of 110. For four years in succession he has won the championship prizes at the Gore Agricultural and Pastoral Association's show. The homestead at Oaklands stands on a commanding site, surrounded by a well kept garden, and the farm outbuildings are well appointed.
, the Proprietor, is a son of Mr. James Scoular, for many years a well known merchant in Dunedin. Mr. W. Scoular was born in Victoria, and as a child, in 1863, was brought to Dunedin, where he was educated. He learned the ironmongery business in Dunedin and Christchurch, and then went to Sydney, where he was engaged as a commercial traveller for five years. Mr. Scoular subsequently commenced business on his own account, in New South Wales, but afterwards returned to Dunedin, and in 1900 bought his present fine property. He is an enthusiastic and diligent farmer, and works his land on scientific lines. Mr. Scoular is a member of the Gore Agricultural and Pastoral Association, and
, an incorporated country town in the county of Southland, is situated on the main south line, about one hundred miles south-west from Dunedin, and thirty-nine miles from Invercargill. A branch railway connects it with Lumstlen, on the Invercargill-Kingston line. The surrounding district consists of fertile plains, and fine pastoral hilly country, and is one of the most prosperous farming communities in the province of Southland. Coal is found in the neighbourhood, and several pits are in active operation. The Mataura river flows through the town, and is spanned by two bridges connecting Gore with East Gore. The latter place was formerly known as Gordon, but in 1800 the two towns were amalgamated. In 1877 the only bank in Gore was the Bank of New Zealand; three years later the Bank of Australasia and the Colonial Bank opened on the same morning In 1899 the Bank of New South Wales opened a branch. In 1879 the railway was opened through from Duaedin, and in the same year the first sod of the Waimea Plains railway was turned by the late Hon. John Ballance, then Colonial Treasurer in Sir George Grey's Government. At that time there was one newspaper, the “Ensign,” published in the town, but in 1887 its contemperary, the “Standard,” was started. At the present day the town is lighted by electricity-Main, Mersey and Medway Streets being lighted by two powerful 3.000-candle power are lamps. The town hall, hotels, shops and many private residences are also lighted by electricity. The Borough Council has large and commodious saleyards, through which as many as 24,000 sheep have passed in one day. The same body also owns the electric light plant, and the town abattoir. Although Gore has suffered during recent years from several disastrous fires, the town has gone ahead by leaps and bounds, and at the present time (1904) several new buildings and private residences, of an imposing character, are in course of erection. Many industries flourish, such as flour mills, a fellmongery, a brewery, a dairy factory, a coach factory, meat pre-serving works, agricultural implement works, etc. Gore possesses several good hotels, three public halls, six churches, two literary societies, two public schools, one private school in connection with the Roman Catholic church, two Friendly Societies, an Atheneaum, Fire Brigade, Brass Band, Farmers' Club. Agricultural and Pastoral Association, Racing Club (which holds a two-days' spring and a two-days' summer meeting each year), and several other minor institutions. In connection with the Post and Telegraph Office, which is a handsome two storey brick building with a clock tower, there is a telephone exchange, whereby communication is obtained with Invercargill, Bluff, Winton, Riversdale, Balfour, and intermediate centres.
McNab, M. A., LL. B., Member of the House of Representatives for Mataura, was elected in 1893 with a majority of 117 over the Hon. G. F. Richardson and Mr. James Christie. In 1896. Mr. Richardson won the seat from him with a majority of 201; but in 1838, when Mr. Richardson retired, Mr. McNab defeated Mr. W. F. Ward by 387 votes. At the elections of 1899 and 1902 Mr. McNab was again returned with majorities of 159 and 433 over his opponent, Mr. I. W. Raymond. Mr. McNab is a supporter of the Seddon Government, and is a New Zealander by birth. He finished his education at the University of Otago, is a farmer, and resides at his home at Knapdale, near Gore. His father, the late Mr. Alexander McNab, of Knapdale, was one of the earliest pastoral settlers of Southland.
, which came into existence in 1885, consists of a Mayor, elected annually by the borough, and nine councillors elected for a period of two years. There are three wards, North. South and East; the latter was formerly the township of East Gore, or Gordon, and was incorporated in 1830. Gore has an area of 1,150 acres, and a population of nearly 3,000. It has 180 dwellings, 620 ratepayers, and 1,317 rateable properties. Its rateable unimproved value is £99.586; improved, £163,089. On the 31st of March, 1903, the borough's assets amounted to £1.573 11s 11d; and the total liabilities for the year ending March, 1904, stood at £11,628 Os 8d. The borough's assets do not include the value of its reserves or of the buildings on them. Meetings of the Council are held on the first and third Mondays in each month in the Town Hall, Mersey Street. A system of drainage has been inaugurated in the borough, and water has been laid on, at a cost of £20,000 for both services. Gore was constituted a town district in March, 1882, and the first meeting of Town Commissioners was held on the 31st of that month. The first chairman was Mr. Thomas Green. In July, 1885, Gore was proclaimed a borough, and Mr. James Beattie (then chairman of the Town Board), acted as Mayor until the first mayoral election, which resulted in the return of Mr. Thomas Green. Since then the mayoral chair has been occupied by Messrs I. S. Simson, Alfred Dolalmore, John MacGibbon, Dr. J. Copland, A. A. MacGibbon, James Beattie, T. Brewer. D. Macfarlane, J. Ballantine, W. McAra, and the present (1901) Mayor, Mr. D. L. Poppelwell. The councillors are Messrs William Baker, It. F. Wallis, A. A. MacGibbon, John MacGibbon, B. J. Fait, Dr. G. A. Copland. James Speden, C. Burrows, and Arthur J. Pope. Mr. Robert Dewar is Town Clerk.
-who is now District Valuer for Poverty Bay - was elected Mayor of Gore in 1888, and at the end of his term of office was presented with a gold cradle. He was born at Betbet, Loddon River, Victoria, in 1849, and is the youngest son of the late Mr. John Simson, of Bowmore Distilleries, Islay, Scotland, and nephew of Mr. Tennant, of Well Park Brewery, Edinburgh. Mr. Simson was educated in Sydney, and in 1870 proceeded to North Queensland to engage in pastoral pursuits in the Gulf of Carpentaria until 1875, Mr. Simson arrived in Dunedin in 1876, and in the following year settled at Gore, where he started business as auctioneer, stock and station agent, and succeeded in establishing one of the largest connections in that and
surrounding districts, but owing to falling health, after eighteen years, he relinquished the business, and settled in Poverty Bay in 1896. Mr. Simson was elected mayor of Gore on three occasions; namely, in 1888, 1890, and 1892, but the last election was upset on technical grounds by the resident magistrate. He was also chairman of the school committee, chairman of the town board prior to the formation of the borough, and an official of the Gore Racing and Cricket Clubs. Mr. Simson was initiated as a Freemason in Lodge Southern Cross, E. C., Invercargill, and
, who has been Mayor of Gore on four separate occasions, was largely instrumental in getting the borough gazetted as a municipality, and in the early days was chairman of the Town District Board. It was, in fact, during his term of office as chairman of the Town District Board that Gore was proclaimed a municipality, and he was first Acting Mayor for over three months. He has been chairman of the Domain Board, chairman of the Gore school committee, and helped to found the Athenaeum, the Gore branch of the Caledonian Society, and the local Bowling Club. The first drainage scheme carried out by the borough was completed during Mr. Beattie's second term of office. He is president of the Caledonian Society, and as a Freemason a member of Lodge Harvey at Gore, and of the Invercargill Royal Arch Chapter; and is treasurer of the Gore Congregational church, with which he has been identified since its inauguration. Mr. Beattie was born in Kirkcudbriguration. Scotland, in 1839, and educated at Dundrennan Abbey. He farmed for a few years in the Old Country before coming to Port Chalmers in 1862, when he brought with him some pure bred Merino sheep for Mr. Watson Shennan, of Galloway station, Dunstan. After delivereing the sheep and remaining a few months on the station, Mr. Beattie joined in the gold rush, and followed mining with indifferent success for three years. Subsequently he went to Nelson and managed a small sheep run for Mr. Prichard, on D'Urville Island, and later on returned to Otago and bought a small farm on Jacob's river, where he remained for eighteen months. In partnership with Mr. Thomson, Mr. Beattie then opened a general store at Winton, and as this was successful a drapery branch was opened at Invercargill, with Mr. Beattie in charge, his partner remaining in charge of the Winton business. On Mr. Thomson's brother joining the firm, the partnership was dissolved by mutual consent, and Mr. Beattie removed to Gore, and opened a business on his own account, which he successfully conducted for twenty years. In 1903 the former partnership with Mr. Thomson was renewed, and the firm is now known as Thomson and Beattie, Limited. Mr. Beattie has, however, retired, and holds office as a director in the company. He married a daughter of the late Mr. John Thomson, of “Banks.” West Taieri, and has three sons and two daughters.
was Mayor of Gore in 1894–9, and has also represented the South Ward on the Borough Council. During his term of office he was instrumental in installing the electric light in the borough, the scheme being carried out by a private company, which afterwards disposed of the plant to the Council; and he also helped to win a case against the Southland County Council, in regard to the building of the traffic bridge over the Mataura river from Gore to East Gore. The case was taken to Court, a deadlock having occurred, and Mr. Brewer, representing the Gore Borough Council, put forth his efforts on behalf of the ratepayers, and succeeded in gaining the verdict for the Borough Council. Mr. Brewer was born at St. Columb, near New Quay, Cornwall, England, in 1856, and was brought up to farming. In 1875 he left Plymouth by the ship 'Rangitikei” for Lyttelton, and for eight months after his arrival was employed in the construction of the railway line from Pleasant Point to Albury. He was afterwards for two years with Mr. John Grigg, of “Longbeach,” near Ashburton, before removing to Gore, where he has since resided. For many years he was in the livery-stable business, in partnership with Mr. Trembath, and the firm bought the business of Messrs Green and Souness, auctioneers, and established the first horse bazaar in Gore. A disastrous fire destroyed the premises in 1897, when the firm lost several horses, which were uninsured. Mr. Brewer then retired from business for a time, and subsequently accepted a position as manager of the City Grocery Company, but in February, 1904, the block of buildings in which the shop stood was also destroyed by fire. Since that time Mr. Brewer has been farming in a small way about a mile from the township, just within the town belt. As a Freemason he is attached to Lodge Harvey, New Zealand Constitution, and was a member of the Mataura Licensing Committee for two terms. Mr. Brewer was married, in 1891, to a daughter of Mr. W. H. Wood, of Bunbury, West Australia, and has a family of two sons and four daughters. The Borough Council presented Mr. and Mrs Brewer with a silver cradle to commemorate the birth of a son during Mr. Brewer's term of office as Mayor.
was established in 1886. It is composed of twenty members, and is purely a volunteer body. The plant consists of a 350-gallon Shand Mason steam fire engine of the double vertical pattern, three ladders, and 1500 feet of hose. Mr. F. Wallis has been captain of the brigade for the past seventeen years, and Mr. A. Martin (ex-president of the United Fire Brigade Association) is secretary.
, which is situated about a mile from the town, on the banks of the Mataura river, was built in 1902, and belongs to the Gore Corporation. The building is of brick, and the main killing and dressing room is thirty feet high, forty feet long, and thirty feet wide. Off this room there is an offal shed and receptacle for
was appointed Manager of the Gore Abattoir in November, 1903, and is also Government Inspector iv
the Gore district for abattoirs, creameries, and licensed dairies. He was born in the Clutha county, and is the son of Mr. James
were first started by a syndicate in 1894, but were afterwards bought by the Borough Council. Until 1904 the power was generated by engines totalling sixty indicated horse power, but in order to meet the town's increasing requirements, increased power was secured from the Mataura Meat Company's Works, about seven miles distant. Gore, therefore, is one of the best lighted towns in the Middle Island. The old method was by direct current on the Edison three-wire system, and the power was generated at the works. Under the present arrangement power at a pressure of 5,000 volts is brought from Mataura, to the powerhouse, Gore, where it is transformed and distributed to the town by an alternating current. At the powerhouse a new electrical pump is fitted to a concrete well seven feet in diameter (internal), with a never-failing supply of water, and pumped to a reservoir about a mile distant, and thence it is distributed by pipes to the town, where there is a pressure sufficient to throw the water over the highest buildings.
, Manager and Engineer of the Gore Electric Lighting Works, was born in Milton, and learned engineering at the works of Messrs Kincaid and McQueen, of Dunedin. He then had seven years' experience of marine engineering in the service of the Union Steamship Company, under whom he obtained a first-class engineers' certificate. In 1890 he went Home as second refrigerating engineer in the “Tekoa.” Mr. Scott studied electrical engineering in Scotland, and obtained a first-class certificate of competency from the Glasgow and West of Scotland Technical College, Glasgow. Subsequently he superintended the installation of electric light for the Glasgow Athenaeum, with Professor Jamieson as consulting engineer. Mr. Scott attended the classes of Mr. J. Edmonds in mechanical drawing (office practice) in the Marine Engineers' Academy, and received a flattering testimonial as to this ability. He also received a certificate from the Department of Science and Art, London, for passing an examination in magnetism and electricity. Mr. Scott returned to New Zealand in 1894, and for seven years carried on a business as a mechanical and electrical engineer in Invercargill, and put together the machinery of many large gold dredges. He took charge of the Gore Electric Light Works in 1902. Mr. Scott in 1904 received the diploma for the electric lighting course from the International Correspondence School of Scanton, and is an Associate of the American Institute of Electrical Engineers.
was first formed in 1886 with Mr. H. S. Valentine (then member of Parliament for Mataura) as captain, and Messrs Boyne and Henderson as lieutenants. Lieutenant Boyne succeeded to the captaincy in 1892, and held the position until 1903, when he was gazetted major of the No. 2 Battalion. The present officers are Captain Domigan, and Lieutenants Fraser and Mackenzie, and the strength of the corps is sixty-three. Several of the original members who joined in 1886 are still on the roll, and a high record for efficiency has always been maintained. Major-General Babington, when inspecting the corps in 1903, stated that he was very pleased with the work done, and that the manner in which the movements were gone through showed that the men were paying attention to the officers. He congratulated the officers on the efficiency of the company, which, he said, was the best he had seen in New Zealand. The corps holds a very high shooting record, and two of its members—Captain Domigan and Sergeant Shanks—were chosen for the Bisley team in 1904.
, of the Gore Rifles, is a native of Invercargill, and joined the Invercargill Guards in 1883. Two years later he obtained a position at Bal-clutha, where he joined the Clutha Rifles. Mr. Domigan joined the Gore Rifles in 1893, as a private, but was shortly afterwards elected lieutenant, and was gazetted captain in 1903. He is a popular and painstaking officer, well known as a marksman; he twice won the championship of Southland, and he has always held a creditable position at the New Zealand Rifle Association's meetings; indeed, he finished up third for the championship of all New Zealand in 1903, and was chosen in 1904 one of the colony's representatives in the Bisley team.
, V.D., of the No. 2 Battalion Otago Rifle Volunteers, was born at Alloa, Stirlingshire, Scotland, and came to New Zealand in 1860 with his father, Mr. Robert Boyne, general merchant, Queens-town. Mr. Boyne first enrolled in the Queenstown Rifles in 1873, and was elected lieutenant of the corps on the 27th of July, 1881. In 1883 he left Queenstown for Gore, and joined the Gore Rifles as lieutenant on their formation in 1886, was gazetted captain in March, 1893, and major of the No. 2 Battalion Otago Rifle Volunteers in 1903. During his long connection with the Gore Rifles he was a most popular and painstaking officer, and assiduously helped the corps to obtain its present efficiency. He received the Long Service Medal in 1898, and the Volunteer Officers' Decoration in 1902. Major Boyne was well known as a marksman during his many years of service.
, Government Land Valuer, Gore, is a son of the late Mr. Charles Smaill, one of the pioneers of the Otago Peninsula, who arrived with his family by the ship “Strathallan” in 1858. Mr. Smaill was born at Corstorphine, near Edinburgh, Scotland, and was educated at the Dunedin High School. On leaving school he started farming with his brother on the Peninsula. In 1879 Mr. Smaill removed to Gore, where he was for some time engaged in farming, but was subsequently in business. When Mr. Green retired in 1899 Mr. Smaill was appointed land valuer by the Government. Mr. Smaill was chairman of the East Gore or Gordon Town
. This building was erected in 1880, and in 1891 Sergeant Fleming was appointed to the charge of the district. The sergeant's residence and police office form the right wing of the building, the left wing being set apart for the magistrate's court and offices.
was originally the terminus of the Dunedin-Inver-cargill line, but through communication between Invercargill and Dunedin was established in 1878 on the completion of the line between Gore and Waipahi. The Waimea Plains railway leads from Gore to Lumsdene, where it joins the main trunk line to Kingston. Gore is now one of the most important railway junctions in the colony. The station was destroyed by fire in 1904, but rebuilt by the Government.
, Station Master at Gore, is the eldest son of the late Mr. T. Brebner—one of the earliest pioneer settlers of Otago, who arrived in March, 1818, in the ship “John Wycliffe,” one of the first vessels to reach Port Chalmers. The subject of this notice was born in Manchester in 1844 and was educated at Port Chalmers. He joined the railway department in 1873, as railway wharf clerk, gradually rose to the position of Station Master, and was successively appointed to Lovell's Flat in 1878; Outram in 1879; Aramoho Junction in 1881; Feilding in 1882; Foxton in 1883; Westport in 1889; and in 1897 he was transferred to the Bluff, whence he was transferred to Gore.
, formerly Inspector of Permanent Way at Gore, is the eldest son of “Old Ben Crisp” of Nelson, who was born in London, on the 11th of May, 1808, and died at Nelson on the 2nd of September, 1901. Mr. J. Crisp was educated at the Nelson public school, after leaving which he worked with his father, and at the age of twenty-four took small railway contracts on the Picton and Blenheim line. On completing these contracts, Mr. Crisp proceeded to Wellington, joined the Public Works Department and was engaged on the Upper Hutt-Featherston section of railway, including the laying of the centre rail on the Rimutaka incline. On returning to Wellington, Mr. Crisp was appointed inspector for the construction of the railway wharf and the Thorndon station-yards, where he remained until 1882, when he was transferred to the Auckland section as inspector of permanent way, a position he filled till June, 1892, when he was transferred to Gore. Mr. Crisp has always taken a great interest in Freemasonry, being initiated in Lodge Wairoa South, Auckland, and afterwards became one of the founders and charter members of Lodge Star of the South, Papakura. Subsequently he affiliated with Lodge St. Andrew, Auckland, and Taringa-tura, Lumsden, where he was elected worshipful master in 1896, and afterwards belonged to Lodge Harvey, Gore. Mr. Crisp was married, in 1869, to Mary, daughter of Mr. Thomas Lines, of Hope, Nelson.
. The first meeting of a school committee in Gore was held on the 28th of January, 1878, and the committee was composed of Messrs. T. Green, R. Bree, J. Ross, and George Beattie. In April of the same year, tenders were called for the erection of a school. The building was opened in the ensuing October, and the first schoolmaster was Mr. John Milne, now of South Hillend. Mr. Milne was succeeded in 1880 by Mr. John Neill (the present secretary of the Southland Education Board), who, after five years' service, was succeeded by Mr. Jonathan Golding, B.A., the present headmaster, who has now (1904) filled the position for nineteen years. On the 4th of July, 1896, the building, which had served for eighteen years, was burnt to the ground, and on the 29th of January of the following year, the present school was opened. The school was constituted a District High School in April, 1902, and now has eleven teachers and about 471 pupils in attendance, with seventy in the secondary department, which has succeeded beyond the most sanguine expectations of the school inspectors.
, B.A., the present headmaster of the Gore District High School, was born at Port Elliott, in South Australia. His school course was taken chiefly at the Milton District High School, where he served as pupil teacher under Mr. Mr. William Malcolm, who was afterwards principal of the Christchurch Training College. In 1880, Mr. Golding matriculated in the New Zealand University, and took the degree of B.A. in 1883. He was appointed to his present position in 1885.
, formerly First Assistant at the Gore Public School, was born at Gabriel's Gully, Otago, and educated at the Lawrence District High School. From 1889 to 1893, Mr. Murray served as a pupil teacher at the Oamaru South school, where he gained a D certificate, after one year at the Normal Training College and University in Dunedin. He became headmaster of the Livingstone school, and, in April, 1896, was appointed to an assistant position in Oamaru. Mr. Murray was connected with the Oamaru Cricket Club for a number of years, and held the position of secretary. He takes a deep interest in football, and on one occasion rode a distance of sixty miles to take part in a game. He was prominent in the early days as a member of the Oamaru Football Club, and was also a member of the Oamaru Korero Club till the date of his appointment to the Gore school. Mr. Murray now (1904) resides in Dunedin.
. This school was opened in 1885 in the present building to which additions have been made since the present master was appointed. There are three class-rooms with lobbies, and a large recreation ground. The number of scholars on the roll is 209 with an average attendance of 172. The general results of the school are good, and the school is noted for the number of scholarships won by its pupils.
, Headmaster of East Gore Public School, was born at Kells, Kirkcudbrightshire, Scotland, in 1860, received his primary education at Walker-burn, near Edinburgh, and qualified for the
, Gore, is a plain building standing in a central position in pleasant grounds, containing a fine lot of deciduous trees and shrubs. The interior is pleasing, and the church is furnished in keeping with other Anglican churches throughout the province. It is capable of seating about 200 people, and the services are well attended, both morning and evening. In the morning there is a plain but bright service, and in the evening the service is choral. The organ is a good instrument, and the choir renders the service intelligently and well. The parish, which has an Anglican population of about 500, extends from Mataura on the one side to Mandeville on the other. The churches St. Saviour's at Mataura, and the Epiphany at Mandeville, are both neat wooden buildings, and the weekly services are well attended. The churches are in the happy position of being free of debt; and an attempt is to be made to raise the necessary funds for the erection of a vicarage, a much needed building, which the parish at present lacks.
, Vicar of Gore, who was born at Acton, near London. England, was educated partly in England and partly in the colonies. He was ordained deacon in 1896 by the Bishop of Riverina (Dr. Anderson) at the Cathedral, Hay, where he remained for about two years as curate. He was then appointed Organising Secretary for the whole of the diocese of Riverina, and chaplain to the bishop; accompanying the bishop on his long journey throughout the diocese, which consists of 250,000 square miles; such places as Menin-die, Wilcannia, Broken Hill and Mildura being included in the bishop's visitations. During Mr. Wingfield's office in the Riverina diocese he undertook some long and very trying journeys, 18,200 miles being covered in the buggy in two years and eight months. Owing to the stress of work, and the severe nature of the summer climate—the thermometer in 1896 reached 107 degrees in the shade—Mr. Wingfield was ordered to New Zealand for a six months' rest, in the interest of his health; and was invited by the Bishop of Dunedin to undertake work of a missionary nature in the large district extending from Edendale to Waikawa, a distance of about sixty miles. He accepted the invitation and held regular services at the different centres. During his stay in that large district, the church was brought to a healthy and flourishing condition, and, at Fortrose, through his efforts, a nice church was erected, and, together with the grounds and church furniture, was placed free of debt. Mr. Wingfield was ordained priest by the Bishop of Dunedin in 1899. In 1904 he was appointed Vicar of Gore, where he has done excellent work for the parish. Mr. Wingfield is a lover and student of music, and while in Hay, New South Wales, he acted as precentor at the Cathedral, and from time to time has sung in oratorio with success.
On the 26th day of June, 1891, this beautifully constructed church with its lofty spire was opened by the pastor, Rev. H. J. Lewis, who laboured in the district for three years. The Rev. George Hervey is the present minister in charge. The various organisations of the church are in good healthy working order. The manse is beautifully situated on the crown of a hill overlooking the town of Gore, with a lovely view of the Hokonui ranges and the more distant chain of snow-capped mountains.
. The Wesleyan church was first represented in Gore by a Home missionary in 1879. In 1883, Gore was added to the Tapanul circuit, and two years later a new church was built. Prior to its erection, public worship was conducted in the local court house, Mackay's hall, and Simson's auction room. A new parsonage, consisting of six rooms, was also provided. The Rev. J. A. Hosking is in charge.
, formerly Evangelist in charge of the Church of Christ, Invercargill, has been stationed at Gore since 1904. He was educated chiefly by private tuition; was licensed to preach in 1991; was first stationed in West Morten, Queensland, and afterwards at Invercargill where he continued until removing to Gore. Mr Alcorn married a daughter of Mr. Jacob Thomas Jenner, of Queensland.
at Gore forms part of a wide parish, including Mataura, Wyndham, Riversdale, Waikala, Tapanul, Heriot, and Clinton, all under the present ministrations of the Rev. Father O'Donnell.
, in charge of the parish of Gore, was born in Tipperary, Ireland, in 1863, and educated at Carlow College. He was ordained priest in 1888 by the late Archbishop Cleary, of Toronto, Canada, and arrived in New Zealand, via Melbourne, by the s.s. “Wakatipu” during the same year. Father O'Donnell,
Indissolubly bound up with the history of the progress and prosperity of Gore and Mataura district, is the career of its pioneer journal “The Mataura Ensign,” which was established in 1878 by Mr. Joseph Mackay. It was at first a weekly, then a twi-weekly, but has been a triweekly since June, 1895. The “Ensign” was bought in 1881 by the late Mr. Alfred Dolamore, who, in 1887, admitted into partnership the late Mr. A. G. B. Godby. In 1891, the last-named gentleman retired, and was succeeded by Mr. J. Howard Dolamore. In February, 1895, when Mr. Alfred Dolamore died, the control of the business fell to Mr. J. H. Dolamore, who still (1904) superintends its affairs. The history of the “Ensign” has been one of steady growth, marking a gradual expansion from small beginnings to its present position in colonial journalism. The business has absorbed at different times the interests of “The Waikala Herald” (published at Walkala), “The Southern Free Press”(published at Mataura), “The Walmia Plains Review” (published at Riversdale), and “The Clutha County Gazette” (published at Clinton). In June, 1898, the firm's premises in Gorton Street, Gore, were destroyed by fire, but have been replaced by a handsome brick building. The “Ensign” has been uniformly fortunate in its editors, who have been such men as Messrs J. Mackay. H. Carrick, Whitely King, J. G. Scoular, the late A. Dolamore, the late G. S. Searle, the late A. G. B. Godby, and the present editor, Mr. F. H. Hart.
a six page bi-weekly newspaper, was established at Gore in 1887, by the Gore ares Mataura District Standard Printing Company, and the first number appeared on the 14th of June in that year. In January, 1896, the paper and plant were purchased, as a going concern, by Messrs James Drummond, Andrew Martin and George Matheson, and eighteen months later Messrs Martin and Matheson assumed ownership. The districts in which the “Standard” circulates, are devoted chiefly to agriculture, and the endeavour of the management has been to make the publication a farmers' organ. In this endeavour gratifying success has attended their efforts, for the “Standard” enters a great majority of the homes of settlers in the districts of Waimea, Otama, Waikaka Valley, and Mataura, all thickly settled and prosperous agricultural areas. Gore, the chief town for these districts, has a population of nearly 3,000, amongst whom, and also in Mataura, a rising industrial township eight miles distant, with a population of 1000, the “Standard” circulates widely. The paper first appeared as an advocate of Liberal principles, and has remained faithful to its original tenets, having been a strong supporter of the Ballance-Seddon-McKenzie policy during its seventeen years of active usefulness.
, J.P., Business Manager and part proprietor of the “Southern Standard,” was born in Melbourne, in 1854, and when a child, accompanied his parents to the Old Country, where he was brought up and educated. In 1872 the family returned to the colonies, and after a period spent on a station in Canterbury, and farming in the Heathcote Valley, they settled in 1881 on a farm in the neighbourhood of Gore. Mr. Martin did not remain long on the farm, but accepted a position in 1887 on the “Southern Standard.” In 1892 he became manager of the paper, and in 1898, with two partners, bought the business outright. Notwithstanding the many calls on a newspaper man's time. Mr. Martin has taken a vigorous interest in public affairs. In 1886 he assisted actively in the formation of a Fire Brigade in Gore, and has, except for a brief period, been its secretary ever since. He is at present (1904) one of the two original members of the Brigade, and has acted as its representative at the annual United Fire Brigade Association's meetings, held in various parts of the colony. Mr. Martin was for two years vice-president of the Association, and at the Auckland conference, in 1898, he was elected president. He has been for many years a member of the District High School committee, of which he is now chairman. Mr. Martin was a member of the Borough Council for about seven years. He is a Past District Officer of the Order of Druids, and has been an active member and captain of the local cricket club. Mr. Martin was married, in 1885, to a daughter of Mr. Richard Wallis, of Gore, and has three sons and two daughters.
, who is a partner in the ownership of the “Southern Standard.” and in charge of the mechanical department, is a native of Port Chalmers, and was educated in North Otago. He first gained an insight into his business with Mr. J. S. Fleming, of the “Clutha Leader,” and was subsequently for a number of years in the “Otago Daily Times” office, where he had further experience in newspaper work, and fitted himself to fill his present position. In 1893 Mr. Matheson removed to Gore, and became connected with the “Southern Standard,” which he and Mr. Martin bought in 1898, and have since conducted with considerable success. Mr. Matheson takes a keen interest in musical and dramatic matters, and has sung the tenor solos in the principal cantatas, operettas, etc., performed in Gore from time to time. Amateur theatricals have also received his active assistance, and he has been a willing helper in connection with church choirs, and charitable objects.
, Editor of the “Southern Standard,” was born at Heathcote Valley, Christchurch, and is the fifth son of Mr. Andrew Martin, senior, Gore. When a boy he removed with his parents to Gore, and attended the local school, at which he received most of his education. In 1891 he joined the staff of the “Southern Standard” and served his time as a compositor and also as a printer. He was afterwards engaged as reporter and subeditor, and has been editor since 1901. Mr.
Martin's leisure time has been devoted largely to athletics, and he has at various times been deputy-captain and secretary of the Gore Cricket Club, secretary of the Football Club, secretary of the Gun Club, and was one of the originators of the Mataura Mounted Rifles. A few years ago
Ch. (New Zealand University), M.R.C.S., L.R.C.P., (London), and Surgeon-Captain of the Gore Rifle Volunteers. Dr. Copland is the eldest son of the late Dr. James Copland, M.A., Edinburgh, M.D.C.M. (Aberdeen), and Ph.D. (Heidelberg). He studied in the University of Otago, obtained his degree of M.B. in 1888, his M.D. in 1891, and had charge of the Dunedin Hospital during those years. After studying in London he obtained the degrees of M.R.C.S. and L.R.C.P. in 1893. On returning to New Zealand, Dr. Copland practised in partnership with his father at Gore, and since his father's death he has continued the practice on his own account. Dr. Copland is at present (1901) a member of the Gore Borough Council. He was appointed Surgeon-Captain in the Gore Rifles, in 1900.
, L.S.A. (London) and M.R.C.S. (England). Dr. Donaldson, graduated L.S.A. at London in 1872, and M.R.C.S. (England) in the following year. He came to New Zealand in 1875 by the ship “Hindustan,” and after practising at Wanganui for several years, removed to Gore in 1882. Then he left Gore to take charge of the Arrow Hospital, but nine years later returned to Gore, where he has since practised. Dr. Donaldson is Public Vaccinator, and also surgeon to the Oddfellows in the Mataura, Riversdale and Gore districts. He is a Justice of the Peace of many years' standing, and has always taken a keen interest in all matters connected with the welfare of his district.
, M.B., Ch.B., Gore, is a son of the Rev. W. McAra, of Kaikoura, and was educated at Wellington College, where he gained a scholarship and graduated M.B. and Ch.B. at the Otago University in 1902. He first practised his profession at Wyndham, before settling at Gore in 1903. During his college days Dr. McAra was well known as an athlete, and played in the Otago representative football teams in 1897 and 1898, and was captain of the University first fifteen in 1900.
, Surgeon-Dentist, Main Street, Gore. Bankers, Bank of New Zealand. Mr. Buchanan, who is the youngest son of the late Mr. R. Buchanan, merchant, was born in Invercargill, and educated at the High School. He commenced the study of dentistry in 1892, and passed his examinations in Dunedin. In 1897 he began to practise in Gore in his present suite of well-appointed rooms; and in 1903 he went to America to make further studies in modern dentistry, and attended colleges in Philadelphia and New York.
, Architect. Gore; also representative at Gore for Messrs McCallum and Company, timber and hardware merchants, of Invercargill. Mr. Latham is a son of the late Mr. Thomas Latham, and was born in Dunedin. He was educated at Waikouaiti, and learned the building trade with his father. Mr. Latham started as a builder and contractor at Gore, and constructed many of the principal business premises and private residences, including the National Mortgage Company's office, and Mr. McGibbon's large store in East Gore, the “Standard” office, Roman Catholic church, Presbyterian church, Federal Company's store, and the Albion Hotel. In 1896 Mr. Latham retired from the building trade and
devoted himself to the business of an architect-a profession to which he had applied himself whilst carrying on the business of a builder. Many of the handsome villas round Gore have been designed by him. Mr. Latham, in partnership with his brothers, carries on extensive farming operations. He has been a member of the Gore Borough Council for a number of years, and first stood in the interest of the amalgamation of the governing bodies of East Gore and Gore. Mr. Latham has been for many years a steward of the Gore Racing Club. He is a member of the Order of Druids, and is now (1904) Past Provincial District President. Mr.
, Civil Engineer and Surveyor, Gore. Mr. Blaikie, who is the eldest son of Mr. W. Blaikie, farmer, Waiwera South, was born in Scotland, and arrived in New Zealand with his parents when he was two years old. He was educated partly at the district school and partly at the University of Otago. After serving a cadetship of three years with Mr. Norman Prentice, district surveyor, and a further period in the Dunedin Survey office, he obtained a license and was appointed a Government surveyor in 1879, in the Southland district. He remained in that position for six years, but then went to Australia, and qualitied himself to practise in Queensland and New South Wales. After being engaged in various Government and contract works for about four years, he returned to New Zealand. In 1890, Mr. Blaikie commenced private practice in Gore, where he also acts as borough engineer.
, Baker and Confectioner, Baker's Buildings, Gore. This business was established about 1884, and was bought by Mr. Lock in 1901. It is one of the largest of its kind in Gore, and Mr. Lock employs three carts and seven assistants. The shop is faultlessly fitted for the display of the goods of the trade, and in a large dining room, twenty-four feet by twenty feet, situated at the rear of the shop, the proprietor does a thriving business in luncheons and teas. A hall, fifty-six feet by twenty feet, is available for entertainments and social parties. Mr. Lock is the principal caterer for public functions in Gore, and for breakfast and wedding parties, which he supplies in a style not surpassed in populous cities. Two new bake ovens, recently erected to his order, are finished with all the latest improvements. They are fitted with Thomson's patent furnaces, and by means of a high pressure boiler, the temperature can be regulated in a way not possible under the ordinary method. The ovens are so constructed that one can be shut down for repairs while the other is in use; and the crown of each oven is packed to a depth of three inches with silica of cotton to prevent radiation. Mr. Lock has installed automatic dough-mixers, and large concrete bins have been constructed for the storage of 3000 dozen eggs and several hundred weight of butter. Altogether, the premises mark a distinct advance in an important local industry.
Is the eldest son of Mr. William Lock, an old established baker in Invercargill, and was born at Arrowtown. He learned his trade under his father, and worked subsequently at Wright's biscuit factory in Dunedin. Mr. Lock settled in Gore in 1901, and bought his present business, which, through his enterprise, is now one of the largest in Southland. He is an enthusiastic bowler, and won the championship at Dunedin in 1904. Mr. Lock has identified himself with all athletic sports, is a keen angler, and is a member of the Order of Oddfellows. He is married, and has three children.
, Building Contractor, Gore. Mr. Kelly was born in County Down, Ireland, where he learned the trade of a carpenter. In 1880 he arrived in New Zealand and at once settled at Gore, where he followed his trade for some years. He subsequently went to Melbourne, where he spent seven years, during five of which he was foreman to one of the principal builders. Mr. Kelly returned in 1890 to Gore, and started his present successful business, which has steadily increased from the first. He has erected some of the finest buildings in Gore, and in the surrounding district. Mr. Kelly built the Sailor's Rest at the Bluff; the Bruce Woollen Mills at Milton, which cost close on £4.000; several handsome villa residences around Gore—amongst them those of Messrs Bowler, Popplewell and Blaikie; the large “Ensign” Chambers Block; the block from Mr. Popplewell's office to the Criterion Hotel, and the large shops from the Arcade to the Federal Buildings, subsequently destroyed by fire. He also built additions to the Criterion Hotel, and the Roman Catholic church at Garston, and the business premises in brick erected at Wyndham for Messrs McKay and Co.; this is considered one of the finest blocks of buildings in Southland. Mr. Kelly is at present (1904) engaged in rebuilding the “Federal” block which is two stories high, has a frontage of fifty-five feet and a depth of 150 feet, and will cost over £4,000. Mr. Kelly employs on an average twelve men in connection with his business. He is sergeant of the Gore Rifles, and represented that corps at Trentham in 1903. As a marksman, he has won prizes at various shooting competitions. Mr. Kelly was a steward of the Gore Racing Club, vice-president of the Poultry Fanciers' Club, and has for the last fourteen years been connected with various sporting clubs in Gore, either as president or vice-president.
(James Boyne and William Boyne), Drapers, Booksellers, Stationers, and Fancy Goods Merchants, Gore. Messrs Boyne Brothers stock large supplies of drapery and fancy goods, books and stationery, and import most of their goods from the Home Country. The premises are commodious, well lighted, and are situated opposite the Bank of New Zealand. The firm is agent for the well known Dresden Pianoforte Company, and can supply all the latest music and the very best class of musical instruments.
. who is referred to in another article as a Major of Volunteers, began business life in the employment of Messrs Whittingham Brothers and Instone, general merchants, Queenstown. He remained with that firm until 1883 when he came to Gore, to take the management of the branch business of Messrs McGibbon and Sons. Eighteen months later he, in conjunction with his brother, Mr. William Boyne, started their present business. Mr. Boyne is a prominent Freemason; he was Master of the Queenstown Masonic Lodge, and was first Master of the Gore Lodge, in which he also filled the position of secretary for eight years; represented the Lodge in the Grand Communication in Wellington and Auckland; and for his numerous services in that connection was presented with two handsome jewels. As an Oddfellow Mr. Boyne filled all the offices, and was Permanent Secretary of the Queenstown Lodge till removing to Gore in 1884 when he joined the
, Of the firm of Boyne Brothers, is, like his brother, much interested in volunteering, with which he has been identified at Queenstown and Gore. He is now (1904) chairman of the East Gore school committee. Mr. Boyne is married, and has four children.
, (William Domigan), Gentlemen's Outfitters and Mercers, Gore. Mr. William Domigan was born in Invercargill, where he was brought up to mercantile pursuits. He was for several years manager of the Gore branch of the New Zealand Clothing Factory, but entered business on his own account in 1894. The premises are large and handsomely fitted up, and customers can depend on getting the best and most fashionable articles of gentlemen's mercery and clothing. Mr. Domigan is a Past Grand Master in the Order of Oddfellows. He is a successful breeder of poultry, particularly of the white and brown Leghorns, buff Orpingtons, and Langshans, and has taken numerous prizes at the various local shows. Mr. Domigan is referred to in another article as captain of the Gore Rifles.
(Arthur J. Pope, proprietor), Mersey Street, Gore. Bankers, National Bank of New Zealand; Telephone, 17. This popular hotel is situated in the heart of the town, within a minute's walk of the post office and railway station. It is a two storey brick building, containing twenty-four single and double bedrooms,—all elaborately furnished, and scrupulously clean in every particular—and several sitting rooms, smoking rooms, and commercial rooms; three large sample rooms being situated at the rear. Two dining rooms (capable of seating fifty guests), one for regular boarders, and the other for commercial men and tourists, are on the ground floor, and the tables compare very favourably with those of the leading hotels of Dunedin and other cities, whilst the service is everything that could be desired. The proprietor has a farm on the outskirts of the town, which supplies the hotel with bacon, poultry, eggs, butter, milk, cream and other table requisites; so that everything is fresh and wholesome. On account of Prohibition being carried in the district, only temperance drinks can be procured at the bar, but there is a large and varied assortment of these. Since Mr. Pope has taken possession he has installed new furniture, and has spared no expense in thoroughly renovating the premises. He is most popular with the travelling public, who are quick to appreciate the homelike reception which awaits them at the “Southland.”
, Proprietor and Manager of the Southland Private Hotel, Gore, was born in Birmingham. England, in 1872. He accompanied his parents to New Zealand in 1884, and the family settled at Invercargill. Mr. Pope gained his first business experience with Mr. Arthur McDonald, wool buyer, Invercargill, and was afterwards with Mr. A. J. Brown. He then went to Australia, and started in business for himself as a wool classer, at Bourke, on the borders of New South Wales and Queensland. On his return to New Zealand he became manager for Messrs J. H. Kirk and Company, Gore, and in 1902 bought the Southland Hotel. Mr. Pope has been a member of the local Borough Council since 1898, is secretary and treasurer of the Gore Citizens' Tennis Club, vice-president of the Brass Band, superintendent and treasurer of the Fanciers' Club, and vice-president of several cricket and football clubs. He is also a Past Master of the Gore United Lodge of Oddfellows, No. 6298, Manchester Unity. Mr. Pope was married, in 1896, to a daughter of Mr. Thomas Paten, formerly station-master at Kelso, and now stationmaster at Dannevirke, and has two sons and two daughters.
, Agricultural Implement Manufacturers. The Gore branch of this widely known firm was opened in 1883 to meet the local requirements of their extensive trade. A large stock of agricultural implements is always kept on hand. The firm's business is further referred to at page 325 of this volume.
(Richard Frederick Wallis, Arthur Wallis, and Ernest Wallis), Wool Merchants and Fellmongers, Gore. This business was established by Mr. Richard Wallis and his son Richard Frederick, in 1882, and carried on by them until the death of the senior partner in 1887. The younger sons, Arthur and Ernest, who inherited their father's share in the business, then joined the firm, and it has since been carried on by the three brothers, under the original name of R. and F. Wallis. The business has grown steadily from year to year, and it is now one of the largest of its kind in Otago. The brand, “R.W. over Gore,” is well known on toe Wool Exchange in London, and the work of the firm is highly spoken of and much admired by all the wool brokers and wool buyers.
, Stock and Station Agents. Bankers, Union Bank of Australia, Dunedin. The Gore branch of this wealthy commercial corporation was opened in Main Street in 1897. A very extensive business is done throughout the whole of the country districts.
, Gore. This company opened an agency at Gore in May, 1892, with Mr. William Douglas in charge, and temporary offices in Main Street. A freehold section was then acquired in Ordsall Street; and a fine brick store, with a railway siding running through the middle of it, and with a suite of offices in front, was erected by the company. In 1885 the company's business had increased so much that more land was added to the site, and in 1830 the store had to be enlarged to about twice its original size; it is now one of the most roomy and convenient stores in Southland, with a holding capacity of 25,000 sacks of grain. The company's business is an extensive one, and comprises the supply of every requisite for carrying on agricultural and pastoral pursuits—grass, clover, and other
, Manager and Auctioneer of the New Zealand Loan and Mercantile Agency Company at its Gore branch, is the second son of Mr. James Newlands Sharp, who came to New Zealand in the fifties, by the ship “Regina”; he was afterwards a settler on Banks Peninsula, and has been for many years a well-known resident at Rakaia. Mr. Sharp was educated at Rakaia and Christchurch, and entered the office of the Loan and Mercantile at its Rakaia agency in 1888. Some years later he went to the Christchurch office, but subsequently returned to Rakaia to fill a more important position. He was then at the Ashburton agency, and afterwards had charge of the Rakaia agency, whence he was appointed to his present position, in 1901. Mr. Sharp has always taken a great interest in sports of all kinds, particularly cricket. He was, for some time, chairman of the Rakaia school committee. As a Freemason he is a member of Lodge Harvey, No. 49, New Zealand Constitution. Mr. Sharp is chairman of the Gore Stock Agents' Association.
, formerly Agent of the New Zealand Loan and Mercantile Agency Company at Gore, is the eldest son of Dr. Wait, of Oamaru. He was born at Bury, Lancashire, educated at the local Grammar School; and came to New Zealand in 1863, but returned to England in 1866 to complete his education. After his return to New Zealand Mr. Wait joined the Bank of New Zealand at Timaru. He remained in the service of that institution until 1879, and in the following year accepted an appointment with the Loan and Mercantile. After two years' service at the Oamaru branch, he was transferred to the Dunedin office, where he remained between fourteen and fifteen years, and in 1896 was promoted to the Gore branch. Mr. Wait, whilst residing in Dunedin, was initiated, in 1886, into Freemasonry in Lodge Dunedin, No. 931, E.C. Subsequently he was elected Worshipful Master of his mother lodge, and now holds the rank of Past District Grand Senior Warden, under the English Constitution of Otago and Southland. He is now (1904) Agent in New Zealand for Cooper's Sheep Dip.
, Manager for Messrs. J. G. Ward and Co., at Gore, is the third son of the late Mr. Philip Smith, an old resident of Cape Colony and Melbourne, and was born and educated in Melbourne. After leaving school Mr. Smith engaged in mercantile pursuits in Victoria and New South Wales, and arrived at the Bluff by the s.s. “Ringarooma,” in 1876. He accepted employment on Mr. G. M. Bell's “Want-wood” station, where he remained for some time. After a short experience on the gold-fields he became connected with the stock and station interests in the Gore district, and in 1886 was appointed manager for Messrs. Henderson and Batger, with whom he remained for many years. Mr. Smith has not taken an active part in public or social affairs, but he is an old Freemason, and was initiated in Lodge Clutha, No. 460, S.C. He subsequently affiliated with Lodge Harvey, No. 49, N Z C.
, Auctioneers, Stock and Station Agents, Export, Grain, Seed and Produce Merchants, and Wool Brokers, Gore. Head Office, Invercargill, with branches at Dunedin, Riversdale, Bluff and Otautau. This business was first started at Gore in 1835 by Mr. J. D. Hunter, who carried on successfully as a wool buyer, grain merchant and general storekeeper until he sold out in 1890 to Mr. W. B. Anderson, who sold to Messrs Tothill and Watson in 1892, when Mr. James Graham took over the management. Mr. Tothill retired
, Acting-Manager at Gore, joined the firm in 1894, and was manager of the Riversdale branch for several years, after which he removed to Gore to take up the accountancy work. On Mr. Graham, who had been manager at Gore, leaving to join Mr. Gilkinson in the management of the Invercargiil office, during the absence of Mr. Watson in England, Mr. Gee was appointed to his present position. Mr. Gee was connected with the cricket, jockey and Caledonian clubs at Riversdale, and has been captain of the cricket club at Gore since 1901. He was a member of the Riversdale Rifles during all the years of their existence, and became lieutenant in the corps. As a Freemason, he is a member of Lodge Harvey, and has for many years been a member of the Order of Oddfellows.
, Stock and Station Agents, Gore. Bankers, Bank of New Zealand. P.O. Box 30; Telephone 217. This old established firm of stock agents opened its Gore branch in 1892, and conducts an extensive business. The firm holds weekly sales at Gore, and periodical sales at Riversdale, Balfour, and Waikaia. Mr. J. T. Martin is Manager of the branch.
, formerly Manager, is the eldest son of Mr. A. R. Hay, farmer, of Woodlands, and was born in Dunedin, where he was educated at the High School. For about fourteen years, Mr. Hay was engaged on stations in Southland, and in 1896 he became Manager of the Gore branch of the business of Messrs. Wright, Stephenson and Co. He is now (1904) farming at “Woodstock,” Woodlands.
, Millers. Bankers, Bank of New Zealand. Telephone 1; P.O. Box 24. Cable Code, A.B.C., 4th edition. The Gore Flour Mill is one of the most conspicuous buildings in the township, and was originally erected by Messrs. Richardson, Greer and Co., in 1878. It is a four-storied brick building, covering a quarter of an acre of ground, and is capable of storing 20,000 bags of grain. In 1893, the firm introduced an entirely new milling plant, imported from Messrs. T. Robinson and Sons, of Rochdale, England, and capable of manufacturing ten tons of flour and twenty tons of oatmeal every twenty-four hours. Messrs. Fleming, Henderson and Co. export the bulk of their oatmeal (“Thistle” brand) to all the Australasian Colonies, but their flour (“Snowflake” brand) is almost entirely consumed in Gore and surrounding districts. About fifteen mill hands are employed by the firm.
, Managing Partner of the Gore Flour Mill, is a native of Scotland, and has been in charge of the works since the firm acquired the business in 1883.
, formerly Foremen Miller at the Gore Flour Mills, is the eldest son of the late Mr. Teviotdale, and was born at Montrose, Scotland, in 1871. He arrived in Otago with his parents when a child, and was educated at Clifton public school. Mr. Teviotdale was apprenticed to the milling trade at the early age of fifteen; in due course he became a journeyman, and in 1894 was promoted to the position of foreman. He is now (1904) engaged at a flour mill at Timaru.
, Farmer, “The Willows,” Gore, Southland. Mr. Martin was born at Listooder, County Down, Ireland, in 1825, and was brought up to an agricultural life. In 1852, after having spent some years in Scotland and England he sailed for Melbourne in the ship “Europa.” For some time he was employed as a guard on the notorious prison hulk “Success,” where, in those days, the worst felons sent out from England were confined. Exciting incidents on the hulk were more common than rare, and Mr. Martin had frequent experience of them. On one occasion he prevented the escape of a notorious felon named Williams, who was afterwards executed for being the ringleader in the stoning of Governor Price to death. Burgess, Levy, Captain Melville, and other bushrangers were imprisoned in the hulk during the time that Mr. Martin was a guard. As he wished to marry, Mr. Martin forsook his hazardous occupation, and soon after set off for the Bendigo diggings, where he worked with considerable success from 1854 to 1861. Then, owing to the health of his wife, who was forced to return Home two years previously, he went back to the land of his birth and commenced farming. Colonial life, however, had a strong hold of him, and in 1872 he came out to New Zealand in the ship “Merope,” which landed at Lyttelton. Nine years were spent in farming in Canterbury, and in October, 1881, Mr. Martin and his family removed to Gore, where he has since resided. Mr. Martin's homestead property has an area of 128 acres of freehold, and he owns two other farms on the outskirts of Gore, one of 107 acres and another of sixty acres Mr. Martin was married, in 1852, to a daughter of Mr. William Jamieson, of Clackmannanshire, Scotland, and has a family of six sons and two daughters. His eldest
, sometime of Gore, took his medical degrees at Aberdeen, Scotland, in 1864, and arrived in Otago, New Zealand, during the same year, as surgeon of the ship “E. P. Bouverie.” He was the first Presbyterian minister settled at Lawrence, and had charge of the North Dunedin Presbyterian church for some years, but had to resign in 1882, through failing health. After a time he entered on the practice of his profession in Dunedin as a Doctor of Medicine, and was similarly engaged at Gore during the last fifteen years of his life. He took an active interest in public affairs at Gore, and was for some time Mayor of the borough. Dr. Copland was one of the first educated men to lecture on Socialism in New Zealand, and in the later seventies he published several small books containing a digest of the doctrines of the French and German Socialists. He died at Gore on the 9th of November, 1902 aged sixty-eight.
, J.P., one of the earliest settlers of Gore, is an Englishman by birth, and has been a resident of Southland since 1864. He purchased land at the first Government sale of Gore sections prior to railway communication being opened up from Invercargill, and in 1875 he built the Railway Hotel, a large two-storied building, which was considered to be at that time too large for the requirements of the place. Mr. Green, in conjunction with the late Mr. G. M. Bell, of “Wantwood,” and Mr. Bichard son, of Outram, erected the present Gore Flour Mills, which were carried on for a number of years under the style of Richardson, Green and Co., who eventually sold out to Messrs, Fleming and Gilkison, of Invercargill. After disposing of his hotel interest, Mr. Green became associated with Messrs. F. S. Canning (sometime of the “Mataura Ensign”) and William Souness (formerly of the Colonial Bank) as auctioneers, land brokers, publishing and general commission agents. This venture proved very successful, and eventually Mr. Green became sole proprietor. He built the first horse bazaar in Gore, and was always ready to identify himself with any enterprise that would benefit the district. When Gore was constituted a township, Mr. Green was elected as the first chairman of the beard, and the town hall was built during his term of office. In 1885, when Gore was proclaimed a municipality, Mr. Green was chosen its first mayor, and during his mayoralty he was presented by the council with a silver cradle. In 1886 he was elected a member of the Southland County Council for the Hokonui riding, which he represented for ten years. Mr. Green has also identified himself with the local societies, including the Masonic Lodge, Racing Club, Agricultural Society, etc.
, who now resides at East Gore, was born in Berwickshire, Scotland, in 1825, and was brought up to farming. He came to Port Chalmers in 1860 by the ship “Robert Henderson,” and was first employed with Messrs Wilson and Wain, proprietors of the Commercial stables, Dunedin. A few months later he entered the employment of Major Croker, on the Tokomairiro Plains; but when the gold rush set in he made his way to Gabriel's Gully. Mr. Hay subsequently abandoned the goldfields, and was engaged by Mr. Thomas Murray to receive goods at the head of Lake Waihola and forward them on to the diggings—an arduous undertaking in those days. When the road to Dunedin was opened, he accepted the position of manager for Major Croker, who was appointed Commissioner at the Tuapeka diggings. Mr. Hay occupied this position with credit to himself and satisfaction to his employer until the property was sold, after which he engaged in carting from Invercargill to Lake Wakatipu. He then took up a farm on the deferred payment system at Waikaka Valley, where he was one of the first settlers, and where he farmed with considerable success for many years. Mr. Hay took an active interest in the public affairs of the district, and was chairman of the Pinnacle school committee, and a member of the Knapdale Road Board. In 1901 he sold his property, and bought a house at East Gore, where he has since resided. Mr. Hay was married, in 1854, to a daughter of Mr. James Douglas, of Perthshire, Scotland, and has, surviving, a grown-up family of four sons and six daughters.
was born in 1844, at Broxburn, Linlithgowshire, Scotland. In 1853 he arrived in Victoria, where he remained
until 1861. During the years he spent in that colony he witnessed some very exciting scenes, and was in Melbourne at the time of the Ballarat Riots. He attended the funeral of Sir Charles Hotham, who, to a great extent, caused that unfortunate disturbance by the harsh treatment which he meted out to the diggers. Mr. Hunter also saw the ill-fated exploring expedition of Burke and Wills start to explore the then unknown country, lying towards the Gulf of Carpentaria. Only one of the party, a man named King, returned to tell the tale of their hardships and sufferings. He also witnessed the notorious convict riots at the hulks when Governor Price was murdered—a crime for which seven men were afterwards hanged. In 1861 Mr. Hunter came to New Zealand, and was at Gabriel's Gully, and
arrived in Auckland in 1858, and removed to Dunedin about the year 1860. He was a builder and contractor, and put up buildings at Waikouaiti for the late Mr. John Jones, and also that gentleman's Dunedin residence, now the Fernhill Club. About 1876 Mr. Latham removed with his family to Gore, and was engaged in farming until his death, when he left a family of four sons and one daughter. During his residence at Waikouaiti and Gore he took considerable interest in local affairs, and especially in all matters that had for their object the welfare of the farming community.
, “Larchville.” East Gore, was born in Fifeshire, Scotland, in
The land district of Southland includes the counties of Southland, Wallace, Fiord, and Stewart Island. It lies to the south-west of Otago, and covers a considerable area not originally included in the limits of the old provincial district of Southland. The district is comprised between latitude 45 degrees and 47 degrees south, and longitude 166 degrees 15 minutes, and 169 degrees 15 minutes east. For administrative purposes, however, Southland includes the Snares, Auckland, Enderby, Campbell, Bounty, Antipodes, and all other islands within the limits of the colony, south of latitude 47 degrees south.
The present eastern boundary of Southland starts a little to the west of Chasland's Mistake, and runs in a northwesterly direction to Lake Wakatipu. The great lake itself forms part of the northern boundary, which runs north of the Eyre Mountains, almost due west to George Sound on the west coast. The land district is thus much larger than the original province, which was nearly all comprised between the Mataura and Waiau rivers. The area of Southland today, including Stewart Island, but excluding the smaller islands mentioned above, is 6,966,592 acres; whereas the provincial district was only 2,776,000 acres in area. Stewart Island, separated
Though of comparatively small area, Southland contains within its borders some of the most striking and impressive physical features of New Zealand. The highest mountain peaks south of Mount Cook are to be found in the Otago provincial district, but the Stewart, Kepler, Murchison, and Matterhorn Ranges, which lie east of the great Sounds, are at least as imposing as their loftier northern rivals. the Takitimo Ranges (Telford Peak 5280 feet), the Hunter Range and Eyre Peak (6084 feet) are magnificent mountains; but the general characteristics of their scenery must be reserved for later description.
The Southland lakes cannot in any geographical sense be distinguished from those of Otago. But in scenic beauty they present many contrasts to Waka-tipu and Wanaka. The largest of these lakes is Te Anau. It is about thirty-eight miles long, from one to six miles in breadth, and its total area is 132 square miles. Its mean height above sea level is 694 feet, but as its depth is at least 1350 feet, its bottom is 660 feet below ocean level. It has a coast line of 250 miles. Except along a small portion of the east side, it is surrounded by magnificent, thickly wooded mountains. The track to Milford Sound by Sutherland Falls is only thirty-three miles long, but the direct distance to the West Coast from Te Anau is in many places considerably less. Lake Manapouri, though the smallest of all the great lakes (only fifty square miles in area) is generally regarded as the most beautiful. The Cathedral Peaks (5134 feet) to the north, the Matterhcrns (4858 feet) on the west, and the Hunter range on the south, are a fit setting for this picturesque sheet of water. Manapouri is only twelve miles by coach road from Te Anau, and only thirteen miles by track from Deep Cove, at the head of Smith Sound.
In Southland the rivers are numerous and important. The Waiau, which originally formed the western boundary of the province, drains a large portion of the wild west country, and carries to the sea the waters of the great lakes Manapouri and Te Anau. The Mataura, rising in the Eyre mountains, was the eastern boundary of Southland. The Oreti rises in the same range, and flows nearly due south to Invercargill harbour. The Aparima, or Jacob's river, rises in the Takitimo mountains, and flows; parallel with the Oreti, into River-ton harbour. These rivers range from about sixty miles to one hundred miles in length.
About 500,000 acres of Southland, including Stewart Island, are still covered with bush. The fiord country is almost wholly mountainous, and below the snow line the huge broken ranges are covered with bush and scrub. The bush land suitable for timber lies mostly inland, and in comparatively easy country- around Forest Hill and Hokonui, and at the back of Waikawa, as well as Stewart Island. Totara, rimu, rata, and matai are still found in large quantities; while the various forms of birch or beech grow luxuriantly round Lake Te Anau and about Preservation Inlet and the south-west fiords. Stewart Island is mostly covered with a dense growth of rata, rimu, and kamahi. In the accessible parts of the country, timber milling has long been an important and valuable industry.
In Southland and Wallace counties there is a large quantity of compara tively level or undulating land, carrying in its natural state tussock, fern, flax, and manuka. In the low lying valleys there is a considerable area of marshy land interspersed with peat bogs. The low hills bounding the valleys of the great rivers of Southland, being thickly covered with tussock and native grasses, afford excellent grazing even in their native state. But the most valuable agricultural land consists of the alluvial soil forming the river valleys. The Mataura, Oreti (New River), and Aparima (Jacob's River) and Waiau, with their many tributaries, run through valleys which, narrow near the sources of the stream, widen towards the sea, and, in some cases, form extensive plains. The alluvial origin of this country renders it extremely fertile; in fact, equal to any agricultural land in the colony. These plains and valleys generally rise from the level of the rivers in a gradual slope by means of low terraces and undulating tussocky hills, intersected by gullies that afford natural drainage and a regular supply of water.
Within the Lake district, the country is extremely broken and rugged, often rising to 6000 feet or more above sea level. The lower hills here afford admirable summer pasture; but from April to October most of the fiord country is under snow.
Southland was never so thickly wooded as most of the northern provinces, but
The history of Southland dates far back towards the foundation of the colony. Murihiku (to give it the native name) was casually examined by Mr. Tuckett, the chief surveyor to the New Zealand Company, as early as 1844, when he was endeavouring to find a suitable location for the Free Church colonists, who subsequently founded Otago. But Mr. Tuckett thought very little of the country, and described it as “a mere bog utterly unfit for human habitation.'' However, this unpromising quarter of the island had long before become tolerably well-known to the only people who then cared much about New Zealand- the Pacific whalers. Far back in the “twenties” and “thirties” these daring pioneers of civilisation had haunted Preservation Inlet and the coast of Foveaux Strait; as early as 1814 a craft of 150 tons was built by the sealers in Dusky Bay, and in 1818, when the first colonists reached Otago, there were small settlements of whalers at Jacob's River, at the Bluff and at Tautuku. Among these first-comer Captain Howell and Captain Stevens, and Mr Theophilus Daniel, were prominent figures. “Squatting” had begun in the fine pastoral country back from the sea long before Otago was a province; and, by 1853, when constitutional government was at last granted, there was already in Southland a considerable white population, energetic and vigorous as men must be who dare the perils of life in strange and unknown lands. The Maoris on the mainland were a scanty remnant of the Ngaitahu, who had exterminated the Ngati-mamoe, and had in turn been hunted down and massacred by the Ngatiawas, who came south with Rauparaha from the North Island. The last battle between Maoris in Murihiku was fought at Tuturau in 1836; and when the dawn of New Zealand history breaks, the chief stronghold of the Southland natives was the island of Ruapuke in Foveaux Strait. Here some two hundred natives lived under their chiefs of whom the most powerful, Tuhawaiki (Bloody Jack) exercised authority over perhaps 400 more along to coast of the Strait. To this island, in 1844, came the Rev. John Wohlers, a Moravian missionary, who made the first attempt at extending Christianity to the Maoris of the far south. This devoted man laboured among the natives for thirty-eight years, dying in 1885. But even when unconverted, the Maoris of the coast in the olden days were not as a rule dangerous neighbours, and were generally on amicable terms with the white strangers.
The Murihiku block was purchased from the natives by Mr. W. Mantell, the Crown Lands Commissioner, for £2000, in August, 1853; but no organised attempt to administer this country was made till after 1856. Meantime, while the whalers decreased, the “squatting” population grew, and the increasing prosperity of this southern extremity of the island attracted the attention of the infant settlement at Dunedin. In 1856 Governor Gore Brown, on the occasion of a visit to Otago, took advantage of the new born interest in Southland to suggest that the Bluff harbour, hitherto famous chiefly as a whaling station, should be known in future as Invercargill, in compliment to the patriarch of the Otago “Pilgrim Fathers.” Finally, it was decided that the rapid development of the southern district should be recognised by the foundation of a new town, to be called Invercargill, while the Bluff was to be officially described as Campbelltown, in honour of Lady Gore Brown, who was a Campbell. Surveyors were promptly sent down to map out the country and townships, and arrange for the settlement of waste lands by squatters, who, much to the indignation of Dunedin officials, had hitherto ignored the land office traditions as to order of rotation in taking up their allotments. The chief surveyor, Mr. J. T. Thomson, executed a survey of the whole block; and a local land office, under the control of Mr. W. H. Pearson, was opened at Invercargill to encourage settlement.
At this time the country round Invercargill was extremely rough and uninviting. Mr. W. H. S. Roberts, in his “Southland in 1856–57,” describes in great detail the mud flats, the dangerous creeks, the bush growing down to the water's edge, the lagoons, the peat mosses, and the long stretches of land to be viewed from the Bluff hill.
The first cargo of imported sheep was landed at the Bluff harbour (Awarua) in 1855. It was not declared a port till January, 1856, at the same time as the New River. Captain A. J. Elles was
At this juncture a measure was passed in the Otago Provincial Council by Mr.Macandrew, that might have had a serious effect upon the future of Southland. The “Land Sales and Leases Ordinance Act, 1856,'' empowered the Waste Lands Board to sell 600,000 acres of land in Southland, in blocks of not less than 2000 acres at ten shillings per acre, without the forty shillings improvement conditions. If the land had been taken up, and the price secured by the
As Southland grew in population, and its property increased, it became more and more clearly evident that it could not be satisfactorily administered from so distant a centre as Dunedin. But the Otago settlers were anxious, for obvious reasons, that their province should not lose so valuable an asset. In June, 1858, a public meeting was held in Dunedin to draw up a memorial against the separation of Southland from the parent province. This move was counteracted by a public meeting held at Invercargill in March, 1859, at which the case for separation was fully set forth and steps taken to urge its necessity upon the General Government. A later meeting at Invercargill, in April, 1860, showed that the enthusiasm of the Southlanders had somewhat cooled, or that the advantages of close connection with Dunedin were more manifest than before. The growth and activity of public opinion in the far south, are well illustrated at this stage of Southland's history in the early numbers of the “Southern News and Foveaux Straits Herald,” which first saw the light in Invercargill on the 14th of February, 1861. At last, on the 28th of March, of that year, the “New Zealand Gazette” informed the colony that Murihiku had been constituted “The province of Southland,” with Invercargill as its capital. On the 5th of June following, it was proclaimed that the Provincial Council was to consist of eleven members, to be chosen by the 269 electors scattered over six electoral districts. Mr. W. H. Pearson was appointed Commissioner of Crown Lands, and Messrs J. A. R. Menzies, John Blacklock, and Captain Elles were commissioners of the Waste Lands Board of Southland.
The first Provincial Council was elected as follows : Robert Stuart (Speaker), Nathaniel Chalmers, W. F. Tarlton, for Invercargill; W. H. Pearson, John Mackay, J. Wilson, for Wa:-hopai; James A. R. Menzies, for Mataura; Alexander McNab (Chairman of Committees), for Campbell town; Freeman R. Jackson and Matthew Scott, for New River; Henry McCulloch, for Riverton. The first Superintendent of the province was Dr James A. R. Menzies, with whose career the whole provincial history of Southland is intimately connected.
The members of the first Provincial Council were thoroughly representative of the country that they were to govern, and were for the most part men of unusual ability and singular breadth of view. It hardly needs demonstration that the men who had the courage and strength of will to face the trials and surmount the obstacles of colonial life in the early days were of a type that would have left their mark on any civilised community. Dr. Menzies was a runholder, who had settled on the banks of the Wyndham, and a man of wide culture and stainless reputation. “His misfortune” writes one of his coadjutors, “was that he didn't understand business; his fault, that he thought he did; while his over-confidence, which induced him rather to contemn advice, was the superstructure on the basis of a too sensitive and nervous temperament.” His virtues and his defects alike made it difficult for him to work with his Council; but his subsequent rejection was due to this failing alone. No one has ever successfully impugned the integrity and unselfishness of his enthusiasm for Southland; and it was due rather to the nsuperable difficulties that surrounded the infant province from birth, than to any lack of ability in his administration, that Dr. Menzies did not realise the high hopes with which his term of office was inaugurated.
Many other members of the first Council are worthy of more than passing notice. Mr. Robert Stuart, a runholder of Edendale, was conspicuous for his practical common sense and business ability. Mr. Alexander McNab held land on the east of the Mataura, entirely outside the Southland province; and his election was thus an extraordinary compliment to his ability and integrity. Mr. Henry McCulloch was then a runholder between Jacob's River and the Waiau, and was better known in later years as the Resident Magistrate of Invercargill. Mr. Mackay was a “squatter” in the Manapouri district; Mr. Freeman Jackson-long afterwards a familiar figure in Wanganui-and Mr. Nathaniel Chalmers, were both squatters; and the only representative of the genuine farmer class in the Council, was Mr. James Wilson, of Waianiwa, a thoroughly typical and shrewd, bard-headed agriculturist. Mr. W. F. Tarlton was a retired schoolmaster, whose public spirit and sense of devotion to duty are sufficiently established by the title conferred on him by his colleagues -“the Roman citizen.” The first Provincial
The first members of the Executive Council were Messrs W. H. Pearson, Chalmers, McCulloch, and Mackay. Mr. Chalmers was Provincial Treasurer, Mr. Thomas Morell Macdonald was Provincial Solicitor and Crown Prosecutor, and Mr. Theophilus Heale, a singularly unassuming but well-informed and capable man, was Chief Surveyor. The new Council soon found that the financial aspects of its position constituted the chief danger to the youthful province. From April to August inclusive in 1861, the total revenue from land and all other sources, amounted to only £1431; and the people began to entertain serious doubts as to whether the realisation of their ambitions was after all a blessing.
In the meantime Invercargill was growing in size and population. The original survey of the town included only the seven central blocks, along Tay Street and Dee Street, which were considered sufficient for current requirements. Tay Street, two chains broad, and the main East Road, one chain wide, had been pegged off for about two miles, and the sections on either side surveyed. On paper the town was mapped out in rectangular blocks about eighty in number, with a garden reserve or belt on the land side, facing the New River Estuary on the west. The Streets were at right angles to one another, with the exception of the Crescent; Annan Street, including the railway reserve, being three chains wide, while Tay, Dee, Clyde and Tweed Streets were two chains, and the rest narrower. More than half of the town site was covered with fine timber, portions of Tay and Dee Streets running through the bush. The town sections were offered for sale on the 20th of March, 1857; but already several persons had built on the sections with the intention of purchasing. The township was still called “The Point” and many of the local residents thought that the name of Otarewa (creek) should be attached to it, or that the first settler on the spot, Kelly, should have been commemorated in naming the town, rather than Captain Cargill. At this date, settlement was already progressing in the town limits; several huts had been built; the surveyor's office and Macandrew's store were finished, and Lind's accommodation house boasted the first glass windows seen in the township.
The first sale of town sections in Invercargill realised very satisfactory figures. The upset price was £8 per quarter acre. A good many sections were bought on account of Mr. J. T. Thomson, the chief surveyor. The section on which Macandrew's store stood at the corner of Tay and Dee Streets realised £46 The next section was bought by Mr. John Jones, of whaling fame, for £45; the next by Mr. John Kelly, the first settler, at £36. Mr. Mackay bought another section for £42, so that on the whole the earliest inhabitants seem to have had considerable faith in the future of the town.
On the 31st of December, 1856, the census of “the district south of Tokomairiro” totalled 671–419 males, 252 females; but the settlers of Southland were not enumerated separately. For the same date the agricultural returns for the “southern portion of Otago” were: horses, 288; cattle, 4554; sheep, 31,528; wheat, 234 acres; oats, twenty acres; potatoes, 114 acres; total area of land sold, 8184 acres. At the end of 1857 the census was taken for Murihiku separately for the first time. The population was-259 males, 147 females, total 406; of whom 113 had been born in New Zealand. Land had been purchased to the extent of 1232 acres, of which about 200 acres were fenced and 130 acres in crop. The average yield was about thirty-five bushels per acre; and as oats sold at 5s, wheat at 8s, and barley at 9s per bushel in Dunedin, the returns to agriculture were satisfactory. In 1861 when Murihiku was first gazetted as the province of Southland, the population of Invercargill was 400, and that of the whole new province 1500. The population of Otago at that time was about 15,000.
The first town board for Invercargill was elected in September, 1861, and the first agricultural show and ploughing match was held in July of the following year. The discovery of gold in 1861 naturally made a great difference to the conditions of Southland. With the influx of population and the general expansion of trade, the revenue rose to £21.000 for the five mouths ending January, 1862. By the end of the financial year in 1863, the revenue amounted to £103,942, which was over £8000 ahead of the estimate. But the expenditure seemed to increase in quite as startling a ratio. Moreover, the inevitable difficulties of government were intensified by constant friction between the Superintendent and the Council. Dr
The Superintendent speedily floated his Public Works policy which included the following items: the Oreti Railway Ordinance, authorising the construction of a railway between Invercargill and Winton; with an Ordinance authorising the issue of debentures to the amount of £110,000 for the construction of this railway; and the Appropriation Ordinances to the amount of £140,000. But when the Council opened its sixth session in 1864, the Superintendent informed the members that the Governor had disallowed the Appropriation Ordinance. Nine out of eleven Councillors then signed a pledge that they would not take any part in Executive business unless the Superintendent would undertake to act by the advice and consent of his Council. The business of the session included the passing of Loan Bills—£40,000 to complete the Bluff-Invercargill railway, £120,000 to cover liabilities on general expenditure, £25,000 to cover advances to the Town Board; while the estimate for the year totalled nearly £100,000. But Dr Menzies resented the action of the Council in endeavouring to coerce him into accepting its views, and accordingly withheld his assent from two bills on which members had expended much time and trouble; the Provincial Government Ordinance which would have defined more clearly the relative duties of Superintendent, Council, and Executive, and the Representation Ordinance, which, while securing a juster distribution of political power on a population basis, would have rendered a dissolution necessary.
In 1864 there was further friction with the Central Government, and the Colonial Secretary (Mr. William Fox) informed the Superintendent that only the Bluff-Invercargill Railway Loan Bill would be accepted. The whole of the Executive, with the exception of the Treasurer, Mr. Tarlton, now resigned, and Dr Menzies, still refusing to make any concession to his Council, was left absolute ruler of the Province till the election at the end of the year.
The second Provincial Council met in December, 1864. The Speaker elected was Mr. James Wilson; but Dr Menzies was rejected for the office of Superintendent. The choice for this responsible position finally fell upon Mr. J. P. Taylor, an English gentleman who had come down from Nelson in the early fifties and settled with his family at South Riverton. The Executive consisted of Mr. T. M. Macdonald (Provincial Solicitor), Mr. William Stuart (Provincial Treasurer), Messrs Calder, Cuthbertson, and Hodgkinson. But the omens for the future were very inauspicious. The credit of the colony was low; the Maori war was engaging the energies and the resources of the Central Government; and provincial securities were almost valueless on the London market. A Select Committee of the Provincial Council, consisting of Dr
In 1867 the third Provincial Council was elected; Mr. Wilson was re-elected Speaker, and Mr. J. P. Taylor was again chosen as Superintendent. The Council agreed to complete the Oreti line to Winton, and to build the Invercargill-Mataura line, with land grants of 60,000 and 150,000 acres respectively. The Bluff Harbour and Invercargill railway was leased for a short period, and the interest on the Provincial debt was capitalised to the end of 1868—this last on the suggestion of the General Government. But with the seventh session of the Council (1869) the temporary harmony was suddenly disturbed. The Superintendent had, during the recess, taken upon himself to dismiss his Executive Council—Messrs Calder, Pearson, Ross, and Pratt. The Provincial Council then passed an almost unanimous resolution to the effect that the Superintendent's action was “unwarrantable.” The Superintendent, therefore, resigned, but as the Council was at once prorogued, he immediately withdrew his resignation. Meantime the Superintendent of Otago (Mr. Macandrew) had forwarded to the Southland Council a resolution in favour of the reunion of the Provinces. It was suggested that each province should appoint three commissioners to discuss the terms of such an arrangement. Southland was by this time pretty well persuaded that independent existence was no longer possible; and the Council therefore chose as delegates Messrs. Johnston, Ross, and W. H. Pearson to confer with the commissioners appointed by Otago—Messrs J. L. Gillies, W. H. Reynolds and James Shand. The session was closed by a dissolution; but before the next Council met, the commissioners had conferred, and the southern representatives had decided in favour of re-union.
In December, 1869, the fourth Council met and elected Mr. W. Johnston Speaker. There was a contest for the post of Superintendent between Mr. W. Wood and Mr Cathbert Cowan, in which Mr. Wood was successful. The new Superintendent had been for sometime a landholder in Invercargill and had sat as member for Campbelltown in the Provincial Council. He also represented Invercargill in the General Assembly, and was subsequently a member of the Upper—House. Mr. Wood was a shrewd capable man of business, and he took a thoroughly practical view of the situation. He explained in his opening address that the province had to face heavy liabilities, that its credit was seriously impaired, and that settlers were leaving for more prosperous parts of the colony. “The provincial estate,” said the Superintendent, “cannot be utilised, the public creditor is unpaid, the salaries of the public servants are many months in arrears, and the ordinary revenue is wholly insufficient to provide for the necessary machinery of Government.” In this state of affairs the Council had to face two alternatives—increased taxation or union with Otago. As the first course was impracticable there was nothing left but to accept the report of the commission appointed to consider the case for retrogression. The Southland and Otago Union Bill had been passed by the House of Representatives during 1869; nothing was now needed but the voice of the Council to pronounce the irrevocable sentences. Dr Menzies and a few devoted followers voted against the report, clause by clause, but the Union was carried by a majority of eleven votes to six. The division list is worth preserving: Ayes, Messrs Calder, Johnston, Daniel, Macdonald, Toshack, Kinross, Lyon, Bell, Dalrymple, Petchell, McGillivray. Noes, Dr Menzies, Messrs McNeill, Lumsden, Webster, Stewart, and Basstian. “The Report,” says Dr Heeken, “was written in the happiest spirit; there was no recrimination, no exultant tone, and the concessions and agreements were liberally conceived.” Naturally enough, the promoters of independence felt the defeat bitterly; but the position was hopeless. A debt of £100,000 was too heavy a burden for 7000 scattered settlers in a new land, and there was only one course to take. The measure was submitted to the General Assembly, and re-union was finally proclaimed in November, 1870. The gain to Southland was undeniable; and Otago profited largely, not only by an increase in her landed securities, but by the direct gain accruing from the sale of the provincial land reserves.
The record of Southland as an independent province was distinctly creditable. The Bluff Harbour and Invercargill Railway was a work of real colonial importance; and the Provincial Government led the way in opening up the hitherto unsettled country in the north of Southland and the centre of Otago. The work that these pioneers undertook was too extensive for their limited means; but it was planned precisely on the lines of the Vogel Public Works policy afterwards adopted by the colony. In enterprise, enthusiasm, public spirit, and above all in honesty of purpose, The rulers of Southland can well bear comparison with any body of public men whose acts are recorded in the annals of New Zealand.
Enough has been said of the general physical characteristics of Southland to indicate that it is well adapted for every form of agricultural and pastoral settlement. The plains, terraces, and lower hills are peculiarly fit for grain, as well as turnips, mangolds, and other root crops. Wheat is not so largely grown as oats, chiefly because of the importance of the pastoral industries, to which oat-growing is a useful accessory. In Southland, Wallace, and Fiord counties (covering the Southland provincial district, with modifications) there are 245,594 acres under crop, and 755,928 acres of ploughed and unploughed grain land. There are 1154 acres in garden and 650 acres in orchards. The return for wheat where it is grown is highly satisfactory, averaging from 40 to 60 bushels per acre, while oats often give as much as 80 to 100 bushels per acre. Several flax mills have been started; linseed is also being freely cultivated, and often brings a return of £5 per acre.
As in many other parts of New Zealand, the dairy industry has already assumed large proportions in Southland. There are twenty-three dairy factories, one a large condensed milk factory, one a Stilton cheese factory, the rest cheese and butter factories. As the forty-two dairy factories belonging to Otago and Southland combined, produced butter and cheese to the value of over £260,000 in 1901, it is evident that Southland has here a source of great and permanent wealth.
But as is natural in such a district, infinitely the most important industries are those connected with the raising of mutton and the export of wool. The hilly uplands of Southland, though they do not carry more than an average of
Another source of wealth that Southland has not yet exploited far, is to be found in the seas that wash her shores. The south and south-west coasts of the island absolutely swarm with fish, which will some day be extensively utilised as an export. Large quantities are already sent to Australia; and the Stewart Island oysters are famous throughout the colony.
The climate of Southland is, on the whole, well adapted to the profitable development of her resources. It does not seem to have altered much since “the fifties.” In 1857 there were 165 days described as fine; consequently 200 on which some quantity of rain fell. But the amount of rain was by no means great—only about 24 inches for the twelve months. In 1857 there were fifteen days on which snow fell; which would not be a severe average now. But the records taken by Mr. W. H. S. Roberts seem to point to an unusually dry season. For the traditions of the early colonists tell of frequent furious storms and deluges of rain brought up by the sou'-wester from the Antarctic seas. However, the district is no longer so notorious as of old for
Thus blessed by nature with a healthy and bracing climate and great potential wealth in its plains, rivers, and hills, it was inevitable that Southland should develop into one of the most prosperous settlements in the colony. The mistakes made by its too confident rulers during its separate provincial existence, were sufficiently injurious in their effect to retard its growth for some time; but the extension of the main trunk railway from Dunedin to Invercargill in 1878 was the turning point in its history. From that date Southland has never looked back.
All through the years of her provincial history Southland had been gradually growing in wealth and the attributes of civilisation. In 1856 the Otago Provincial Council had arranged for the establishment of a postal service from one end of the Province to the other at an annual cost of £600. Of this amount £300 was set apart for the Dunedin-Invercargill postal service, which entailed delivery once a fortnight, and thus connected the southern district with the rest of the civilised world. But for many years the townships were of necessity only small nominal centres for the agricultural and pastoral life which revolved about them and represented the true growth and vital activity of the young colony.
By 1857 the Mataura plain was well stocked, and as an old identity put it, look “quite civilised” on a fine day. The back country was also filling up well, especially along the Aparima. Mr. Robert Stuart, afterwards first Speaker of the Provincial Council, had purchased a run on the Mataura at a price equal to £2 per head for the sheep, with the run given in. Twenty shillings a head for ewes and lambs was then no uncommon price. Mr. W. H. S. Roberts, in that year, bought eighty acres of rural land close to Invercargill, including a portion of the Seaward bush, for £40. In October of the same year Mr. Pollock sold thirty-three acres of land near Invercargill, fenced and partly cultivated, with a small hut, for £130. In the town itself property was fast rising in value, and Macandrew's store, with stock, was sold in 1857 for £400. But the first great impetus to the growth of town life in Southland came with the movement towards separation, and the enlarged political and social activities that the success of the movement implied. In 1861, the “Southern News and Foveaux Straits Herald” was published at Invercargill; and in 1862, the “Southland Times” first saw the light. Coach communication was opened between Invercargill and Dunedin in April, 1864, and telegraphic communication with Dunedin and Christ-church in May, 1865. Meantime, persistent efforts had been made to explore and open up the almost inaccessible back country. Dr Hector discovered a pass from the northern Lake district to the West Coast, in October, 1863, and Mr. Vincent Pyke also penetrated to the coast in October, 1867. Nor was internal communication neglected. The Bluff-Invercargill railway was opened in February, 1867; but the collapse of the Provincial movement was followed by a period of stagnation, during which the district slowly recovered from the financial excesses into which it had plunged. After the adoption of the Vogel Public Works policy by the central Government, Southland railways took a new lease of life. In June, 1874, the Invercargill-Riverton railway was begun; and on the 15th of September, 1875, the Gore-Invercargill line was opened to the public.
In the meanwhile Invercargill and the other townships had developed a good deal of industrial activity. In 1874 the first steam engine was built in Invercargill, by Mr. Hay. In 1875, a site was leased at the Mataura Falls, for the erection of paper mills. The rural districts were organising for the encouragement of the extractive industries. In March, 1875, the Mataura Agricultural and Pastoral Association's first show was held at Wyndham; and in July of the same year, the first Invercargill champion ploughing match was held. In June, 1877, the Gore-Waipahi railway
The years 1878 and 1879 were marked by two most important events in the history of internal communication in this colony. In August, 1878, the last rail was laid on the Dunedin-Christchurch railway, and in January, 1879, the railway was thrown open between Dunedin and Invercargill which now enjoyed direct land communication with Christ-church and Lyttelton as well as with Dunedin and Port Chalmers. About the same time the first sod was turned on the Waimea Plains railway, the Riverton-Invercargill line was opened, and the Fdendale-Tois-Tois line was started. The growth of Invercargill rendered it necessary, in the same year, to borrow £100,000 for the construction of waterworks, the extension of the gasworks, and other improvements; and Campbelltown (Bluff), now first attained municipal honours. In 1881, the industries of the district received a great impetus from the opening of the Invercargill Industrial Exhibition; but the growth of Invercargill itself was to some extent checked by two disastrous fires in 1882 and 1884. The opening of the Edendale dairy factory in 1882, marks an epoch in the pastoral history of Southland; and the institution of the Union Steamship Company's annual excursion to the West Coast Sounds helped to bring the natural wonders of this part of the country into public notice. The value of foreign tourists was then beginning to be appreciated; and the discovery of the Sutherland Falls, and the new track from Te Anau, by M'Kinnon, in 1888, added another unique attraction to the wonders of the Alpine country.
Of the beauties of the natural scenery of Southland, it is almost superfluous to speak. The thirteen Sounds which break the western coast-line within 120 miles, are surpassed in grandeur not even by the famed Norwegian Fiords. Even the often-quoted description of Milford Sound by the Rev. W. S. Green, does less than justice to the variety and impressiveness of their beauty: “The countless waterfalls, the giant snowtopped crags towering into the air above the unfathomed waters; the green foliage relieved by grey lichens and bush flowers, the snow fields and glaciers high over head, form a combination of grandeur and beauty which no words can adequately render.” The Sutherland Falls, the highest known waterfall in the world (1904 feet), is itself less impressive than the wonderful scenery in the Clinton Valley. Even the approach to the Apline region, in itself more than repays the tourist. By the Waiau Valley route, “the traveller to the lakes is not called upon to pass over a single mile of uninteresting country, while much of it is simply magnificent. For sixty or seventy miles he travels under the very shadow of the serrated summits of the giant Takitimos, whose burnished pinnacles pierce the sky 5000 feet over head; while on his left hand, and at no great distance, run the majestic snowcapped Hunter Mountains with the wild turbulent Waiau sweeping resistlessly down between.” The great lakes Manapouri and Te Anau, which lie within the border of Southland, represent the high-water mark of New Zealand scenery. Lake Te Anau has a coast-line of about 250 miles, and weeks could profitably be spent exploring the recesses of its three great fiords. “For twenty miles after passing the South Fiord, all is wondrous beauty of hill and mountain, valley and ravine, many-tinted foliage, and many-hued cliffs. The mountains have closed in around us, not stern and awful like the rugged walls that imprison Wakatipu; but soft and beautiful in Nature's choicest robes, and wearing Nature's smile. Under the noonday sun, the whole mass of foliage becomes illumined. The silver birch becomes a brighter green, the broadleaf a deeper olive, the scarlet rata-flowers become more brilliant, and the crimson mistletoe more vivid; the splendid red pine glows until it almost equals the glorious wattle, and the few dead trees appear no longer bare and lifeless, but—covered with moss, and long pendulous lichon, which conceals the nakedness of every limb—seem transformed into luxuriant clusters of whitest bloom, as if Nature willed that in this land of living green, the hand of Death should never be visible.” Yet even Te Anau falls below Manapouri in the charm and perfection of its beauty. “Lake Manapouri,” writes Mr. James Richardson, “the loveliest of all the lakes, boasts some forty square miles of water. Its extraordinarily irregular coast-line, and countless wooded islands, are features which lend to Manapouri attractions shared by no other lake. Delightful surprises meet one at all points, charming variety await one everywhere. Little bays, with pretty sparkling beaches are found nestled under spreading foliage, cheek by jowl with rugged cliffs, where the trees can scarcely find foothold; here are wooded knolls and rocky points, there a vast expanse of liquid mirror, reflecting forest-robed steeps and snowy peaks,
One important result of the growing popularity of these tourist resorts, has been the general improvement of internal communication throughout Southland. Roads and railways are constantly being formed, and tend to facilitate the approach to the Alpine country. The most direct way of reaching the lakes is to go from Invercargill by rail to Lumsden (fifty miles), along the course of the Oreti, and then to proceed by coach to Te Anan (fifty-two miles). The alternative route is from Invercargill to Otautau (thirty-two miles) by train, thence by buggy to Manapouri via Clifden, and up the Waiau riuer (eighty-seven miles). This route is being shortened by a crossing at the Mararoa, which will enable tourists to reach Manapouri from Invercargill in one day. Of course, visits to the smaller lakes, Poteriteri, Hauroto, Mararoa, and Monowai—all alike beautiful—involve additional time.
The most important railroad in Southland, is naturally that which connects Invercargill and the south coast with the Otago Lake system at Kingston (eighty-seven miles). Apart from the Main Trunk connecting Invercargill and Dunedin, the chief lines are:
The Invercargill-Riverton, twenty-six miles; continued to Orepuki, forty-three miles.
The Waimea Plains line, from Gore to Lumsden, thirty-seven miles.
The Lumsden-Mossburn line, towards Lake Manapouri, eleven miles westward.
The Winton-Hedgehope line, eleven miles south-east.
The line from Edendale (twenty-three miles from Invercargill on the Main Trunk line), to Glenhani, eleven miles south.
The Invercargill-Waimahaka line, twenty-six miles eastward.
The Nightcaps branch from Thornbury Junction, twenty miles from Invercargill; to Otautau, twelve miles, and Nightcaps, twenty-five miles.
Lumsden, fifty miles from Invercargill, at the junction of the Kingston and Waimea lines, is thus a great centre of railway communication, and is no less important as the focus of the coach roads leading up from the coast towards the Lake district. Further extensions of the railway system include the Mataura bridge on the Riversdale-Switzers branch, and rail-laying on the Orepuki-Waiau line. Gore is to be connected with Kelso on the Heriot line, and from Mossburn and Otautau, two westerly lines will be pushed forward towards the Waiau and the great lakes.
This extension of the road and rail system implies a great and progressive advance in settlement. In 1897 it was written: “There is no part of New Zealand developing just now so rapidly as Southland,” and that development has gone on almost uninterruptedly to the present day. “Land is being taken up,” the writer proceeds; “flocks and herds and exports are increasing, industries are growing, mining is successful, and altogether it would be hard to find a more thriving district. There is mountainous country to be taken up by the sheep-farmers; there is fertile bush land for the dairy-farmer; there is gold-bearing country for the quartz miner, or alluvial miner; for the prospector there are miles and miles of untrodden auriferous country, which promises wood and water and game in abundance. For fishermen and small settlers there are hundreds of sheltered bays and snug islands, and waters that literally teem with fish.” In the face of such evidence it is only to be expected that the settlement should advance rapidly, and that the district should be prosperous. There still remains for disposal a large area of Crown lands, estimated at about 500,000 acres; and this, though forest land of a generally inferior nature, will soon become suitable for stock when taken up. Stewart Island, on which about 150,000 acres have been for some time past open for selection, must evidently pay the price of its isolation, and wait for settlement till the more accessible country on the mainland is more densely peopled. But on the whole, few portions of the colony have advanced so consistently and rapidly as Southland within the last twenty years.
One general proof of the advancement of the district is to be found in the increase of population. The census for 1896 showed that Southland county had a population of 21,603, Wallace 6,657, Fiord 151, and Stewart Island 244. In 1901, Southland county returned 22,583, Wallace, 7,989; and the whole district showed an advance of over 2,200 in five
The Bluff township (Campbelltown), is of no great size—1,350 inhabitants at last census, as against 1,075 in 1896. But its position as the first port of call from Australia, and as the natural outlet for the whole of Southland's agricultural and pastoral produce, has, from the first, assured its prosperity as a seaport. Some idea may be gained of its importance to the colony from the magnitude of its export and import trade. In 1901, Invercargill and Bluff Harbour together, sent out exports to the value of £1,005,298, or only £400,000 behind Dunedin. But a far more remarkable fact is this, that the export returns from Invercargill and Bluff are the only expert returns for the whole colony that show a large increase. Between 1990 and 1901, the exports from Dunedin decreased £14,834, at Lyttelton £33,442. at Auckland £145,569, and at Wellington £401,432. On the other hand, the exports from Invercargill and Bluff actually showed an increase of £264,528. At the same time the value of imports to the same ports rose from £288,170 in 1900, to £328,727 in 1901, an increase of £40,557. Considering the size of the district, and its comparative isolation from the main course of trade, such figures are a remarkable proof of the commercial activity and prosperity of Southland.
Next in size to Invercargill of the Southland towns, is Gore, on the Mataura river, at the junction of the Main Trunk and Waimea Plains railways. Its position, and the fertility of the land in the neighbourhood, have insured the rapid growth of Gore. Its present population is 2,354, as against 2,032 at the previous census, and 1,618 in 1891. Riverton, the oldest settlement in Southland, and once a great resort for whalers, lies at the mouth of the Aparima (Jacob's) river, about twenty-five miles from Invercargill. It is the centre of a considerable sawmilling industry; and the harbour is freely used by coasting vessels. Riverton has a population of 815, against 893 in 1896; and this decrease shows the deflection of the population towards the agricultural and pastoral industries, which are destined to form the staple of Southland trade. Winton (474, against 397 at previous census) is on the Invercargill-Kingston railway, and is the centre of a prosperous sawmilling, farming, and coalmining district. Lumsden (population 437) is, as already seen, the nucleus of the rail and road system of Southland. Wyndham (417), connected by railway with Invercargill, opens another fine agricultural district. Fortrose, on the estuary of the Mataura, is a port with some coastal trade. Towards Catlin's river, Waikawa, a township only just settled on a fine harbour, has already
Some idea of the dimensions of the agricultural and pastoral interests of Southland may be gained by a brief reference to the J. G. Ward Farmers' Association Company, which, in spite of its unfortunate collapse, did a great deal for the country, and the farmers that it represented. In 1892 Mr. J. G. Ward's grain and wool business was floated into a company with a capital of £100,000, and close upon 1,000 farmers thus be-came personally interested in the enterprise. By 1894 two other firms, the United Farmers' Agency and Carswell and Company were incorporated; and the business of the Association had enormously increased. At this time the Association was handling yearly about 250,000 sacks of grain and grass seed; and about 7,000 bales of wool. In 1894 it chartered and loaded a steamer with 44,000 sacks of oats, up to that time a record shipment from the colony. At the horse sales held weekly, the turnover was at the rate of 2,500 horses a year. Branch businesses and wool and grain stores were opened at various country centres; and the scope of the business conducted by the Association was such as can be paralleled by few, and surpassed by none of the other agricultural and pastoral centres of the colony. Yet all this trade was the product of a district that twenty-five years before had been hopelessly bankrupt, and had resigned its independence because it could not manage to pay its way. The history of Southland, since the reunion with Otago, has, indeed, fully confirmed the confidence of its founders in its ultimate prosperity.
While the country has been growing in wealth and importance, the intellectual requirements of the people have not been neglected. The Southland Education Board expended between £30,000 and £40,000 on schools and salaries in 1901. There were 149 schools in the district; but of these, 118 had at a recent computation, an average attendance of less than 70; a fact which points to the wide distribution of settlement in Southland. The working average for the schools was nearly 8,000; and the number of teachers was 240. About £600 was expended in scholarships, and about £420 on tech-nichal and manual training. The District High Schools at Gore, Winton and Riverton represent secondary education in the country districts; while the success of the Girls' and Boys' High Schools at Invercargill is a proof that the zeal of the founders of Otago, in the cause of education, has borne ample fruits in Southland.
While Southland enjoyed independent political existence its interests were watched over in the central Legislature by its most capable and most devoted politicians. The Hon. Dr Menzies was fitly called to the Upper House in 1858, as the first Legislative Councillor for Southland; and, indeed, it would have been impossible to ignore him or to have improved upon the choice, for whatever faults might be urged against Dr Menzies as an administrator, his honest enthusiasm for the best interests of Southland was never called in question. In the fourth Parliament of New Zealand, which met in 1866, the hands of Southland were further strengthened in the Upper House by the inclusion of Mr. J. Parkin Taylor, the successor of Dr. Menzies as Superintendent of the province. In 1868 Mr. W. H. Nurse was also called to the Upper House to represent Southland; and after the reunion, these gentlemen retained their positions in the Legislative Council as members for Otago. Mr. William Wood, the last Superintendent of the province, who was elected in 1866 to represent Invercargill in the House of Representatives, and sat till 1870, was called to the Legislative Council in 1878, and occupied his seat till he died in 1885. The Hon. Henry Feld wick, who has been a member of the Legislative Council since 1892, had previously represented Invercargill in the House during 1878–79, 1882–84, and 1887–90. In Parliament as a whole, Southland has been represented by a succession of able men, some of whom have become conspicuous in the front rank of New Zealand politics. Its present representatives in the House are: Invercargill, Mr. J. A. Hanan, first elected in 1899; Awarua, Sir J. G. Ward, who entered Parliament in 1887, and is now Minister for Railways, Postmaster-General, and Colonial Secretary; Mataura, Mr. R. McNab, whose first election took place in 1894; and Wallace, Mr. J. C. Thomson, first returned at the general election of November, 1902. Sir Francis Dillon Bell, who afterwards became Speaker of the House, and later still Agent-General in London for New Zealand, represented Wallace in the House from 1860 to 1865; and Mataura from 1866 to 1875. Mr. W. B. D. Mantell, prominently associated with the work of early colonisation, also sat for Wallace during 1861–65. Mr A. McNeill represented Wallace from 1866 to 1868; Mr. Cuthbert Cowan, Wallace in 1869, and Hokonui during 1884–90; Mr. George Webster, Wallace from 1870 to 1875; Mr. Christopher Basstian sat for the same constituency
was called to the Legislative Council in 1892. He was one of the dozen members who were first appointed for a term of seven years, and who were humourously known as the “Twelve Apostles.” At the end of his first term in 1899, Mr. Feldwick was recalled by the Seddon Ministry for a second term. Mr. Feldwick entered Parliament as member for Invercargill in the House of Representatives, in 1878, at a by-election. In 1879 he was defeated, but was returned again at the general election in 1881. Mr. Feldwick was again defeated in 1884, but was once more returned for the seat in 1887. In 1890 he was unsuccessful at the polls. Mr. Feldwick was born at Norwood, Surrey, England, in 1844, and arrived with his parents in Canterbury in 1858, and was brought up to farming by his father at Kaiapoi. He afterwards became representative in North Canterbury for the “Lyttelton Times,” and in that way gained his first experiences in newspaper work. Two years later he was appointed subeditor of the “Timaru Herald,” and at the end of 1871 he again joined the staff of the “Lyttelton Times,” and had charge of the “Star” and “Canterbury Times” newspapers. Mr. Feldwick removed to Invercargill in 1876, and became a partner in the “Southland Daily News,” with which he has ever since been closely associated. He served for three years as a member of the Southland Board of Education. For some years he has been Mayor of the borough of Avenal, and has acted as a Visiting Justice of the Invercargill goal. As a Freemason he was the first Master of Lodge St. John, Scottish Constitution, and the first Senior Warden of the Grand Lodge of New Zealand. Mr. Feldwick served for twenty-two years as a volunteer, and retired in May, 1903, with the rank of colonel. In 1900 he was awarded the Imperial Officers' decoration, V.D. Mr. Feldwick long took a prominent part in musical matters in Invercargill and frequently gave his services as a bass singer in connection with concerts for charitable and other purposes. Mr. Feldwick was married in February, 1882, and has one son and three daughters.
was called to the Legislative Council on the 18th of March, 1903. He had long been connected with local public affairs in Southland and served for seventeen years on the County Council, fourteen years on the Bluff Harbour Board, seven years on the Hospital and Charitable Aid Board, and twenty-six years on the Education Board. He was at various times chairman of all these public bodies; he had also served for many years as a member of the Southland Land Board, and the Otago School Commissioners. Mr. Baldey was born at Brighton, Sussex, England, in 1836; was educated at Brotherhood Hall Grammar School, Steyning; went to Victoria in 1852, and returned to England in 1859; and arrived in Otago, New Zealand, in 1861. He took up land at Ryal Bush. Southland, where he has been engaged in farming for nearly forty years. Mr. Baldey was married, in 1861, to a daughter of the late Mr. James Laing, of Waianiwa, Southland, and has a grown-up family of three sons and four daughters.
, who died on the 18th of August, 1888, at his residence near Wyndham, was one of Southland's ablest and most public-spirited men. He was the first Superintendent of Southland, and long its representative in the Legislative Council. Dr. Menzies was born at Rannoch, Perthshire, Scotland, in 1821, and completed his studies at the University of Edinburgh where he received his diploma of M.D. For many years he practised his profession in his native district, and in 1853 arrived in New Zealand, shortly afterwards settling on 38,000 acres of land in Lower Mataura, a fertile part of the country which soon attracted settlement. When the Government in 1866 were compelled to satisfy the increasing demands for land, Dr. Menzies' run was reduced to 8000 acres, and he bought the freehold of “Dunalister.” In that favoured spot many prominent public men enjoyed his hospitality and cultured intercourse, and it was there he spent the last years of his life. Though of somewhat reserved manner, there was behind it great warmth and sympathy of heart. A man of his ability and full of interest in the welfare of his adopted home naturally made himself conspicuous in public life. In 1857 he was appointed to a seat in the Legislative Council. When the new province of Southland was separated from Otago, he was elected Superintendent, and it was under his administration that an extensive public works policy was commenced which included the construction of the Bluff-Invercargill and Great Northern railways. This was some seven or eight years before Sir Julius Vogel's colonial Public Works policy, and proved rather disastrous to Southland: hence at the next election the late
was for some time a member of the House of Representatives for Invercargill, and afterwards sat as member for Mataura. He was prominently connected with the Southland Provincial Council, and was the last Superintendent of the province. After the reunion with Otago he had a seat on the Provincial Council of Otago and Southland. When Invercargill was incorporated as a borough, in August, 1871, Mr. Wood was elected first mayor, and held that position during the years 1872 and 1873. In 1878 he was called to the Legislative Council, in which he held a seat until his death in 1885. Mr. Wood was born in England, and, before he came to New Zealand, he had been some years in New South Wales, where he had been a butcher, and was successful in business. He became a man of considerable means, and did not enter into business in Southland, but invested money in land and mortgages. His services were most valuable to the Corporation, as he insisted on the business being conducted on Parliamentary lines, and the Council has all along followed the lead which he gave in that respect. He took the popular side in politics, and cheerfully gave his means and leisure to public affairs. Mr. Wood resided on the East Road, a suburb of Invercargill, and his widow, who still (1904) survives, lives in Dunedin.
, the present member for Invercargill, was returned at the general election on the 25th of November, 1902, when he received 3,322 votes, as against 1,814 polled by his opponent, Mr. D. Whyte.
was elected a member of the House of Representatives for Wallace in 1859. He assisted in bringing in the New Provinces Act, which constituted Southland as a separate provincial district. Mr. Taylor became a member of the Southland Provincial Council, and was elected Superintendent in 1864. On first coming to New Zealand he settled in the Nelson district, whence he removed to Southland, where he took up a sheep run on Jacob's river, in the Riverton district in 1858. Mr. Taylor built a handsome residence known as “Waldeck,” where he died after suffering some years from declining health.
, J.P. and sometime Member of the House of Representatives for Hokonui, was born at Ayr, Scotland, and finished his education at Glasgow University. He joined the Union Bank of Scotland at Ayr and was subsequently transferred to Glasgow, where he remained several years. In consequence of ill-health, he came to New Zealand in 1857 by the ship “Burmah,” and purchased, in conjunction with the late Mr. James Macandrew, the Okaiterua run, Hokonui district, which they subsequently sold to Mr. Joseph Clarke, of Melbourne. Mr. Cowan bought his present farm of 2400 acres in 1876 and engaged in mixed cultivation and the breeding of Romney Marsh sheep, at the same time devoting active attention to the progress
represented Invercargill in the House of Representatives during the Parliament of 1873–75. He was born in Glasgow, Scotland, in 1834, educated at the Glasgow Academy and University, and brought up to mercantile life in his native city. In 1854 he came out to Melbourne, where he engaged in commerce till he left for Southland in February, 1860. Mr. Cuthbertson at once took up land in the Waiau district, where he was joined in the following year by his brother, Mr. R. F. Cuthbertson. The brothers entered into partnership as sheepfarmers, and carried on business as such until 1876. Mr. J. R. Cuthbertson had previously moved to Invercargill, where, after a while, he became a member of the firm of Macrorie and Cuthbertson, auctioneers and land agents. He was prominently connected with the Provincial Council of Southland from the 1st of April, 1861, when the district became a separate province. At one time he held the portfolio of Public Works in the Provincial Executive, and during his term of office the railway line to the Bluff was taken in hand. In November, 1862, Mr. Cuthbertson left on a visit to Scotland, and did not come back to the colony till the end of 1864. During this period the public works policy of the province had been rushed forward, and the Treasury was in a condition of distress and difficulty. Mr. Cuthbertson again entered the Council, and once more took a prominent part in local affairs. During the absence of the Superintendent at the General Assembly, in Auckland, he acted as Deputy-Superintendent. It was a troublous time; some of the contractors were pressing for the payment of their contract money, and an attempt was even made to put the bailiffs into the Government offices. However, by Mr. Cuthbertson's directions the windows were barricaded, and the matter was subsequently compromised by issuing to the contractors land orders, entitling them to purchase land; nominally, at 20/- an acre. Later on Mr. Cuthbertson entered the arena of colonial politics, and as a graceful and persuasive speaker, made his mark in Parliament. Many looked upon him as fitted for, entitled to, and likely to obtain a seat in the Government; for this, however, he did not remain sufficiently long on the political stage. For some time before he entered into partnership with Mr. Macrorie, he was editor of the “Southland Times,” in which he wrote with as much polish, penetration and perspicuity as he spoke in Parliament. Mr. Cuthbertson died in 1882.
, who represented the Walkaia constituency in the House of Represetatives from 1875 to 1882, is the third son of Mr. William Bastings, of Islington, London, where he was born in 1831. He was educated at Christ Hospital Blue Coat School, and emigrated to Melbourne with his father in the ship “Medway,” in 1849. Mr. Bastings was engaged in mining and store-keeping on the Victorian diggings until his departure for New Zealand. During his residence in Victoria, he was elected mayor of Brunswick. In 1850, he married Emma, third daughter of Mr. Samuel Aldred, of Bungay, Suffolk, and their family of three sons and one daughter have settled down In New Zealand. Mr. Bastings arrived in Dunedin per s.s. “City of Hobart” in 1862, and settled at Lawrence, where he built the Commercial Hotel, and the Black Horse brewery at Wetherstones. He also purchased the entire interest of Cobb and Co.'s line of coaches in the South Island. In 1876, he became senior partner in the well-known firm of Bastings. Leary and Co., auctioneers and financial agents, Dunedin. From the time of his arrival in Dunedin in 1862, until his departure for Sydney in 1882, Mr. Bastings took a very prominent and active part in general and local politics. In 1863, he became a member of the old Town Board of Dunedin, and retained his seat until the board gave place to the present system of municipal government. He was elected to
the Provincial Council of Otago in 1864 by the Tuapeka electorate, and continued to represent that district until the abolition of the provinces. During that stirring period he filled successively the positions of Provincial Secretary, Secretary for Lands and Works, and Secretary for the Goldfields, displaying throughout marked administrative capacity. He was also, for many years. a member of the Otago Waste Lands Board and Commissioner for the Classification of Lands. After the Municipal Corporations Act came into general operation, Mr. Bastings was among the first mayors elected, and was Mayor of Lawrence for six consecutive years. In 1875 he was returned by the Waikaia constituency to the General Assembly, and on the passing of the Education Act, was chosen a member of the first Education Board of Otago; he was also for some time chairman of the Tuapeka County Council. Before the reunion of Southland with Otago, Mr. Bastings, together with the Superintendent, Mr. Macandrew, officially visited Southland to arrange the terms of reconstruction. During his residence in New South Wales, Mr. Bastings, in conjunction with the well-known cable engineer, Mr. George Dunean (afterwards of Dunedin), constructed the first cable tramway at the North Shore, Sydney. After that important work had been completed, he proceeded to Melbourne and constructed the Bacchus Marsh-Ballan railway at a cost of £225,000. He then returned to New Zealand and entered into business as an auctioneer
, M.R.C.S. (Lond.), sat in the House of Representatives as member for Riverton in the Parliament of 1876, and he was returned for Wallace at the general elections of 1887. Dr. Hodgkinson was born in Nottinghamshire, England, in 1817, studied for the medical profession at London University College, where hogained honorary certificates in anatomy, surgery, and botany, and became a member of the Uoyal College of Surgeons in 1840. He proceeded to Nelson in 1842 as surgeon-superintendent of the New Zealand Company's ship “Bombay,” and was afterwards in practice in England. In 1846 he was appointed by Her Majesty's Colonisation Commissioners, surgeon-superintendent of the emigrant barque “David Malcolm,” which arrived at Adelaide in January, 1847, with two hundred immigrants. In 1847, he moved on to Port Phillip, Melbourne, but four years later returned to New Zealand, and entered into pastoral pursuits in Canterbury. He revisited England in 1854 and actively promoted emigration to the Colony, and published a pamphlet on the province of Canterbury. On his return in 1857 he resided in Auckland for two years, when he removed to Southland and again resumed country life. He was elected to the Provincial Council of Southland in 1864, and joined the provincial executive in 1865. Dr. Hodgkinson has been foremost in all progressive movements, has always advocated a liberal policy, and in many of his views was often in advance of his time. He has been a prolific contributor to the press, and has published from time to lime a number of useful and able pamphlets on political questions, including an Elective Executive, reform of the Legislative Council, and of local government. Dr. Hodgkinson is now (1904) enjoying a green old age, with a mind still vigorous and clear.
, who was at one time a member of the House of Representatives for Wallace, and afterwards for Awarua, was in Parliament altogether for about twelve years. Mr. Joyce, who was well known as a journalist in Southland, was born in 1835, in Southampton, England, where he was educated, and became a Customs officer. In 1858 he emigrated to Victoria and settled in Southland about 1858. He was Clerk of the Town Board of Invercargill for a year or two in 1864–5. Mr. Joyce was afterwards editor of the “Southland Times,” and later on became one of the proprietors of the “Southland News,” of which he was editor for many years. He took considerable interest in the Southland Horticultural Society, and was a member of the committee. Mr. Joyce was married, in 1862, to Miss Caydzien, of Edinburgh, and at his death, on the 16th of January. 1903, left three sons and three daughters.
, who represented Invercargill as a member of the House, of Representatives, during the Parliament of 1879–81, was born in Edinburgh. Scotland, and came to Port Chalmers, with his parents, in 1859, by the ship “Jura.” He was a compositor by trade, and worked as such for two years in Auckland, after his arrival in New Zealand. From Auckland he removed to Invercargill, and became a partner with Mr. Smallfield, in the “Southland News.” In 1861 the firm sold the paper to Messrs Hartnett and Company, of Dunedin. and Mr. Bain revisited Scotland. Two years later he came back to Southland, and became proprietor of the “Southland Times,” which he held till 1880, when that journal was bought by a company. In 1883, Mr. Bain was elected to the Invercargill Borough Council, and was mayor during the following year. He was prominently known in Southland for nearly thirty years as president of the Southland Building Society. Mr. Bain also served as a member of the Southland Education Board. His death occurred suddenly on the 29th of September, 1899.
, who was a member of the House of Representatives for Invercargill from 1884 to 1887, was born in London in 1838. He was brought up as a wholesale druggist, and after six years' experience in Melbourne, arrived in Southland in 1863. Mr. Hatch engaged in the drug trade in Invercargill, and his name is well known in connection with a proprietary sheep-dip. He has also been interested in the oil trade? from the Macquarie Islands. Mr. Hatch served for six or seven years as a volunteer, first in Melbourne and then in Invercargill. He was for a number of years a member of the Invercargill Borough Council, and was mayor in 1878. Mr. Hatch was married, in 1872, to a daughter of the late Mr. Henry Wilson, of Melbourne, and has, surviving, three sons and three daughters.
was born in Carluke, Lanarkshire, Scotland, in 1855, where he was educated and early apprenticed to the tailoring trade, at which he afterwards worked in Scotland and England. In 1875, Mr. Kelly married Elizabeth, daughter of Mr. James Millar, of Motherwell, Lanarkshire, and very shortly afterwards emigrated to New Zealand by the ship “Alder Grove,” which arrived at Port Chalmers in July, 1875. Mr. Kelly was transferred to Invercargill with other passengers and commenced to work for Mr. Thomas Millar, tailor, with whom he remained until 1890. Mr. Kelly was then invited to contest the Invercargill seat as a Labour candidate in opposition to Messrs H. Feldwick and J. W. Bain, both former members of the House of Representatives, and he was returned by a majority of 116 votes. In 1893, he was re-elected by a majority of 1241 votes, his opponent on that occasion being Mr. Joseph Hatch. At the general election in 1896, Mr. Kelly was again returned, beating Messrs W. B. Seandrett and John Sinclair (a nominee of the Ministry). Mr. Kelly was succeeded at the general election of 1899 by Mr. J. A. Hanan.
, J.P., was a member of the House of Representatives for Wallace from 1896 to 1902. He was born in 1865, and was brought up to agriculture in the One Tree Point district. Afterwards he became a school teacher, and followed that profession for ten years. At the general parliamentary election of 1902 he was defeated by Mr. J. C. Thompson. Mr. Gilfedder then studied for the Bar, and was admitted as a solicitor in February, 1901.
Southland's chief town was proclaimed a municipal corporation in June, 1871, and the first mayor and councillors were elected in the following August. The Hon. William Wood was the first mayor; and Messrs George Lumsden, George Goodwillie, William Garthwaite, Henry Jaggers, William Blackwood, Henry Thomas Ross, Thomas Pratt, and Robert Tapper were elected councillors. Shortly afterwards, Mr. William Benjamin Scandrett was appointed town clerk, and Mr. Edwin Cuthbert (now engineer of the Christchurch Drainage Board), town engineer. The Corporation was fortunate in having as its first mayor one well versed in, and determined to follow, parliamentary procedure. Standing orders and bylaws were framed with great care, and the excellent management of the town's affairs then initiated has been more or less observed by succeeding mayors, so, that, on the whole, the burgesses of Invercargill have good reason to be abundantly satisfied with their local administration from the beginning up to the present time. The progress of the town may be exemplified by noting the assessment for rating purposes. In 1871, the assessment on the annual value to let amounted to £10,350, and in 1891 it exceeded £50,000, the valuation during all these years being made by the town clerk, Mr. Scandrett, as municipal valuer. Since 1891 it has gradually increased until the annual value to let has reached £66,736.
The town has been well provided with endowments, every tenth section being a reservation; especially is this the case in respect to the recreation reserves, which have been set apart on three sides of the town, the broad estuary making a fourth or aquatic pleasure ground. The Queen's Park, on the north side, has an area of 200 acres, and will in the not distant future become an ornamental public estate of great value.
The total capital value of all property in the borough as at the 31st of March, 1904, was £1,081,062, of which £647,854 represented the improved value. At the same date the total net indebtedness of the borough was £196,300, involving an annual charge of £9,707 for interest. A general rate of two pence and one-sixteenth of a penny in the pound, and special rates of five-sixteenths and one and seven-eights of a penny, are levied on the unimproved value; in addition to which there is a separate rate of three pence in the pound on the annual value, to provide for “hospitals and charitable aid. Sixteen publicans' licenses are granted within the borough, with seven wholesale licenses, and the fees for these together amount to £780. The total receipts of the borough from all sources amount to £30,014. This sum includes rates, £11,341, license-fees, rents, etc., £18,251, and a Government subsidy of £422. The total expenditure in 1904 was £30,348, which included £2,547 on public works; £806 for hospitals and charitable aid, and £1,405 for expenses of management. Rating on the unimproved value is in force in Invercargill, but is not generally approved by the councillors, as the annual revenue increases very slowly on this system of rating, which was adopted at a poll of the ratepayers, taken in June, 1900, 386 voting for, and 174 against the system.
The first important work undertaken by the Borough Council was the erection of gasworks, and very great care and interest have been shown in the construction and management of these works. Parliament authorised the borrowing of £30,000, which was raised in the colony on debentures bearing six per cent interest. The plant was supplied by Mr. George Bower, of St. Neots, England, Mr. William Daley, gas engineer, being appointed to superintend its erection and afterwards to assume the management of the works. Mr. Daley was a very capable man, having had experience in towns of somewhat similar size in England and Russia. The splendid illuminating quality of the gas supplied during Mr. Daley's management was the subject of general remark, and the engineer explained that the result was due to the excellence of the coal from the Brunner mines on the West Coast. Mr Daley died at Caversham some years ago, while acting as attorney and manager for the London owners of the Dunedin and Suburban Gas Company's works in that district. The Invercargill gasworks occupy three acres of land, adjoining Spey Street, and lying between the railway and the New River estuary. They were completed in 1874. There are three large holders capable of storing 200,000 feet of gas. The gas is distributed through about twenty miles of pipes, and there are about 1,400 consumers.
In 1877, the council was authorised by vote of the ratepayers to undertake the construction of waterworks, but considerable differences of opinion existed as to the best system of water supply. A gravitation supply from the Dunsdale river in the Hokonui was available, the Government having reserved several thousand acres as a gathering area; but, after reports had been furnished, it was decided to sink for an artesian supply, and ultimately a water-tight iron cylinder well was sunk on the highest part of the town to a depth of 100 feet where a waterbearing strata had previously been discovered. The water rises in this well to within twelve feet of the surface,
Invercargill has abattoirs, which were completed in 1899. They occupy a site of thirty-eight acres, including paddocks, at Waikiwi, on the main line of railway to Riverton, Winton and the Lakes. The railway siding is utilised for the receipt of stock, and the despatch of meat. The abattoir building is constructed on the open-hall system, and is composed of brick and concrete. There are two pithing pens for cattle, and separate apartments for the slaughter of sheep and pigs, combined with the necessary appliances. About seventy head of cattle, and five hundred sheep, more or less, are usually slaughtered every week. The cost of this establishment was £5,000, and the revenue from the abattoirs in 1903 was £1,000.
The New River harbour is under the control of the Invercargill Borough Council. It consists of an estuary fed by the Oreti (or New River) and the Waihopai stream, and empties itself into the sea at Foveaux Strait. A jetty at the foot of Tweed Street is a quarter of a mile long, and has tramways, and trollies for the conveyance of goods, with sheds and a crane. There is also a railway siding for convenience of shipment. Two small steamers ply regularly to the Invercargill whari, apart from special trips. One of these is the “Invercargill,” of 156 tons, which trades regularly between Invercargill and Dunedin.
The Invercargill Fire Brigade is under the control of the Borough Council. It was re-organised in 1888 and again in 1903. Officers for 1904: Mr. R. Miller, superintendent; Mr. W. Hamilton, lieutenant; Mr. John Young, first foreman; Mr. J. Challis, second foreman. There are fourteen fireman, and Mr. A. Harkness is secretary. The principal station in Esk Street, was completed in March, 1903. It is two stories in height, is built of brick, and has a bell tower sixty feet high. The ground floor of the building is laid down in asphalt, and the plant consists of a Merryweather steam engine, ladder carriage, and two reels. The Merryweather engine is retained so as to be prepared for any mishap which might occur at the water works during a fire. On the front floor there are ten bedrooms for the accommmodation of the firemen. At Invercargill South there is a branch station in Ettrick Street, where 500 feet of hose, with a reel, ladder, hooks, etc., are kept ready for any emergency. Both stations are connected by telephone, and with, the private residence of the Superintendent in Bowmont Street.
The corporation has erected baths at the corner of Tweed Street and Ayr Street. The building is of wood and iron, and is well appointed in every respect. The swimming bath measures 60 feet by 30 feet; and there are four hot plunge baths, and a large boiler for heating water, so as to adjust the temperature in the swimming bath, which is filled by pumping from the estuary.
Invercargill is noted for its remarkably pretty gardens, and its extensive reserves. There are four small blocks, which are being gradually reclaimed from a state of nature, and brought into a high state of cultivation. These blocks average about four acres each, and are centrally situated in the town; Puni Creek passes through them. About the half of one block, which extends from Clyde Street to Nith Street, is laid down in gardens and lawns, including a very fine bowling green another, extending from Nith Street to Conon Street, is planted with well-grown shelter trees on the north side, where numerous seats are placed for the use of visitors; and on the south side there are beautiful grass lawns and flower borders, which are resplendent with bloom in the season. A very pretty conservatory was erected in 1898, and is divided into two parts, devoted respectively to ferns and flowers. The third block, between Conon Street and Ythan Street is set off with a large oval lawn, flower borders and trees, and an ornamental pond, with black swans. The fourth block, which extends from Ythan Street to Ness Street, is planted with ornamental trees, and laid down in grass. Besides these gardens there is a strip of land all round the town boundary which has a total area of about sixty acres; and that, too, will be beautified as Lime goes on. The ground around the Water Tower is also prettily kept. The town's reserves include 5,000 acres, known as the Point Domain, 1,300 acres on the Bluff Road, and 1,000 acres at Seaward Bush. These large properties are gradually being improved by sowing suitable grasses.
The Public Cemetery is outside of the town, on the East Road.
During the existence of the corporation, the following citizens have been, successively, mayors of the town: Hon. William Wood, M.L C. (two years), Messrs George Lumsden (two years), Thomas Pratt (two years), John Walker Mitchell (two years), George
Invercargill has been fortunate in its Town Clerks, as in the long course of thirty-three years it has had only three, all men of high character and exceptional ability. Mr. W. B. Seandrett, the present mayor, held the office From 1871 to 1893, when he was succeeded by Mr. James Ewart Hannah. Air. Hannah resigned in 1895, and was succeeded by Mr. William Young, formerly manager of the Colonial Rank of New Zealand at Invercargill.
The present Council consists of the Mayor, Mr. W. R. Seandrett, and Councillors R. Cleave, S. M. McDonald, C. S. Longuet, D. Roche, J. Stead, J. F. Lillicrap, R. B. McKay, W. A. Ott, W. N. Stirling. J. C. Smith, W. Stead, and James Allan.
, arrived in Dunedin in 1858. He was then a youth of eighteen years, and four years later he settled in Invercargill, where he has ever since had his home. Mr. Seandrett was town clerk of Invercargill from 1871 to 1893, when he resigned to begin business on his own account, but he has since served the town as councillor and mayor and he is now (1961) mayor for the second time. Some years ago Mr. Seandrett prepared and read a paper before the Southland Philosophical Institute on the “Resources of Southland,” which was afterwards published and had a wide circulation: indeed, the chief British newspapers, not only quoted largely from its pages but some of them published the pamphlet in full. Mr. Seandrett is a major in the volunteers, a Justice of the Peace, a director of several public companies, member of committee of several local institutions, and fellow of the Institute of Accountants of New Zealand. Altogether, Mr. Seandrett has given a full share of his time to the duties of citizenship during his forty-six years of strenuous, hopeful effort as a colonist of New Zealand.
has been a member of the Invercargill Borough, Council since 1875, and he was mayor during the year 1886–1887. Mr. Roche was born in County Kerry, Ireland, in 1830, and chew his blood from ancestors who had lived in his native place for centuries. In 1858, when he was twenty-two years old, Mr. Roche emigrated to Victoria, to which he was attracted by the reports of the discovery of gold in that colony; and there he was fairly successful as a gold-seeker. When the stirring news of Gabriel Read's discoveries in New Zealand reached Australia. Mr. Roche was amongst the first to leave Victoria for the New Zealand El Dorado. After he had been some time in New Zealand gold was discovered in the Wakatipu district, and Mr. Roche then resolved to leave gold seeking for business. To this end he opened a store at Athol. on the main road between Invercargill and Wakatipu, and carted goods for
his business from Invercargill with his own teams. This life, with its perilous journeys in the days of primitive
was elected to the Invercargill Borough Council in 1897, as representative of the South Ward, and, after being absent for a term, was re-elected to a seat on the Council. Mr. Longuet is a member of various other bodies, and is referred to in another article as a barrister and solicitor.
has been a member of the Invercargill Council since 1900. He was born in Wellington, in 1806, and, having passed the prescribed examination, was admitted to practice as a barrister and solicitor in 1894. Mr. Lillierap is a member of the firm of Hall, Stout, and Lillierap.
, who has held a seat on the Invercargill Borough Council since 1900, was born in the borough in 1872. He was brought up to mercantile life, and became accountant to Messrs Henderson and Batger in 1898. Mr. Ott was married, in April, 1901, to a daughter of Mr. A. B. Campbell, of Invercargill. and has one son. He is a fellow of the New Zealand Accountants' and Auditors' Association.
, who represents Third Ward in the Invercargill Borough Council, was born at Girvan, Ayrshire, Scotland, but at an early age left his native land with his parents, and arrived at Invercargill in 1864 in the “Sevilla,” the first immigrant vessel chartered by the Provincial Government of Southland. Mr. Stead was educated partly in Scotland, and partly in his adopted town, and, on leaving school, was apprenticed to the drag trade. he was also engaged for some time in conveying the inland mails to the western districts, and afterwards served an apprenticeship to the boot trade with the well known firm of Messrs. Sloan and Sons, with whom he remained for nine years. He was afterwards with Messrs Kingsland and Sons for seven years, and in 1886 commenced business as boot and shoe importer in Deo Street. Councillor Stead was first returned to the Borough Council in 1890. since which the ratepayers of Third Ward have manifested their approval of his actions as their representative by repeatedly re-electing him. Mr. Stead has been long identified with Odd-fellowship in the Southland district, having joined the St. George's Lodge, Manchester Unity, on the 20th of September, 1875. He subsequently, filled the offices of E.S.V.G. and N.G.; in March, 1894. was elected D.D.G.M., and chosen G.M. at the following annual meeting. Mr. Stead is a trustee of the Friendly Societies' Dispensary, and of the Southland Hospital. He also takes an active interest in St. Paul's Wesleyan church, of which he is a trustee. In 1877, Mr. Stead married Florence, daughter of Mr. Joseph Small, and has several children.
, who was elected to the Invercargill Borough Council in 1900, was born at Cirvan, Ayrshire, Scotland, in 1857. He came to the Bluff, with his parents, by the ship “Sevilla,” in 1864, and the passengers were brought by a small steamer to the Invercargill wharf. Mr. Stead attended Mr. J. G. Smith's school in Invercargill, and learned his trade as a cabinetmaker with Mr. John Findlay. For some time he was in business on his own account as a cabinetmaker, and afterwards for a short time as a grocer. Since 1898 he has been in the employment of Mr. Dewe, cabinetmaker, Tay Street, and he is also a partner in the firm of J. and W. Stead, bootmakers, Dee Street. Mr. Stead has been a member of the South School committee for a good many years and was for some time chairman. He served for seven years in the Invercargill Rides, and has been connected with the local Fire Brigade since 1885. Mr Stead is also a member of Murihiku Tent, No. 27, Independent Order of Rechabites, in which he has passed all the chairs, and filled the office of District Chief Ruler in 1900. He is trustee of his lodge, has been a district representative since 1892, and is a member
, J. P., who was elected a member of the Invercargill Borough Council in 1901, was horn in Dunedin in 1853. He attended school in Dunedin and Invercargill to which his parents removed in 1860. Mr. Stirling was brought up to mercantile life in Invercargill, with which he has been closely and continuously connected, except during a short sojourn on the Central Otago goldfields. In 1887 he commenced business in Dee-Street, as a storekeeper and merchant. Mr. Stirling is a vice-president of the Southland Horticultural Society, a director of the Star-Bowkett Building Society, chairman of the Middle School committee, and the Borough Council's representative on the management committee of the park. He has also for many years been a member of the session of First Church. Mr. Stirling became a Justice of the Peace in 1902. He was married, in 1882, to a daughter of the late Mr. Abel Kerr, of Table Hill, Milton, and has five daughters.
has served as a member of the Invercargill Borough Council since 1901. He was born in Keithley, Yorkshire, England, in 1853. In 1876 Mr. Smith landed at Port Chalmers, by the ship “Calypso,” and was for about twenty-five years in the service of the late Mr. H. E. Shaddock, in Dunedin. He removed to Invercargill in 1901, and entered into business as an ironmonger in Esk Street, in partnership with Mr. J. M. Laing, under the style of Smith and Laing. Mr. Smith was a member of the Cavershatn Borough Council for about three years. He was married in 1877, and has three sons.
was returned as a member of the Borough Council in 1903. He was born in Glasgow, Scotland, in 1805. At the age of ten he landed in Wellington by the ship “Howrah.” Subsequently he resided for about twenty years in Oamaru, where he learned clicking, a branch of the boot manufacturing trade. In 1893 he commenced business in conjunction with Mr. J. McDiarmid, as manufacturers and retailers, under the style of McDonald and McDiarmid. Mr. McDonald retired from the firm in 1899, when he removed to Invercargill, and established a boot business in Dee Street. Mr. McDonald was married, in November, 1896, to a daughter of Mr. George Broad, of Oamaru, and has one son.
was elected to the Invercargill Borough Council in 1903. He was born in 1853, and at the age of eight he landed with his parents in Victoria; but in 1864, removed to Southland, New Zealand. Mr. McKay became a saddler, and after serving his apprenticeship to the trade in Invercargill, he was some time in partnership in a business in Riverton. Afterwards he worked at his trade in Auckland and Christchurch, and on returning to Invercargill entered into business as a saddler for a year or two. He then left his trade, and gained experience as an auctioneer with Mr. Todd, and in 1896 entered into partnership with his brother, under the style of McKay Brothers, in Esk Street. He acted as auctioneer to the firm until 1902, when he sold his interest to his brother. As a volunteer, Mr. McKay has served twenty-two years in the Invercargill and Riverton corps; he rose to the position of captain, and obtained his long service medal in 1897; but his name has appeared on the active list since 1898. For several years Mr. McKay has been a member of the Military Board of Examiners, and is a member of the Drill Hall commissioners. He is a member of the managing committee of the Horticultural Society, the Poultry Society, and the Invercargill Cycling Club, and was elected president of the Invercargill Swimming Club for 1904–1905. In 1903 he was elected a member of the Invercargill Licensing Committee. Mr. McKay was married, in July, 1878, to a daughter of Mr. George Bailey, chemist, Wellington, and has three sons and one daughter.
has been for some time a member of the Invercargill Borough Council. He is senior partner in the drapery firm of MeGruer, Taylor and Company, of Dee and Esk Streets, Invercargill.
, Town Clerk of Invercargill, was born at Lossiemouth, Morayshire. Scotland. As a boy he entered the Royal Bank of Scotland, at Lossiemouth, and later on was employed in the North of Scotland Bank in Aberdeenshire. He arrived at Port Chalmers by the ship “Cariboo.” in 1886, and for some years was cashier at Dunedin for Messrs Cargtlls. McLean and Company On the inception of the Colonial Bank of New Zealand Mr. Young became secretary, and was afterwards intrusted with the important duty of opening the London offices of the Bank in which he acted as accountant for four years. At the end of that time, he received a cable to return to New Zealand, and on his return became bank inspector or. the Otago gold-fields, and also held a similar position in Nelson, where he was manager for
, Water Works Engineer to the Borough of Invercargill, was born in Edinburgh, Scotland, in 1849, he attended school at Portobello, near Edinburgh, and also a night school in the city. After leaving school he was apprenticed as an engineer to Messrs Bertram and Sons, of Leith Walk, Edinburgh, and remained with that firm twenty years, during which he gained an insight into all branches of the work. In 1883 he came to Port Chalmers by the ship “Trevellyan” (Captain Roberts), and settled in Invercaroill, where he found employment at the Vulcan Foundry for eight years, during the greater portion of which he was foreman. Mr. Harper left this employment, to accept the position which he has held since 1891. As a Forester, he is attached to Court Star of the South. Inverenrgill, and has passed all the chairs. Mr. Harper was married, in 1870, to a daughter of the late Mr. James Wilson, of Leith, Scotland, and has one son and five daughters.
, Sanitary Inspector of the Borough of Invercargill, has been a colonist since 1869. He was born in Rossshire, Scotland. in 1853, educated at Tain Academy, and was brought up to the trade of a carpenter. In 1869 he arrived in Port Chalmers by the ship “E. P. Bouverie,” and was engaged in gold mining, in which he had fair success on the West Coast for four years. In 1873 Mr. Rennie removed to Southland, and shortly afterwards was appointed Inspector of Works to the Borough Council. During the five years he held this office the sum of £70,000 was expended in improvements. When this fund was exhausted Mr. Rennie's employment ceased. He then accepted the position of machinist in the “Southland Times” office, and held it for over twenty years. During the whole of this long period Mr. Rennie never failed to arrive at the office at 3 o'clock each morning, and succeeded in getting the paper printed for early distribution, On leaving the office to accept the position he has since held under the Borough Council, he was presented by his fellow workers with a handsome writing desk, bearing an appropriate inscription. Mr. Rennie had some experience in the Eire Brigade, and rose from the position of fireman to that of superintendent; and now his numerous duties as Sanitary Inspector include the inspection of buildings and fire inspection. Mr. Rennie was married, in 1886, to a daughter of Mr. James Wyper, who was stationmaster for forty years at Stonehouse, Lanarkshire, Scotland.
, who was appointed Curator of the Invercargill Public Gardens, in 1893, was born in 1848, in Oxfordshire, England, when; he was educated. He was brought up
as a nurseryman at Messrs John and Charles Lees' Ealing Nursery, was afterwards for several years at Allen's Nursery, Norfolk Road, London, and
, Government Veterinary Surgeon in charge of the Invercargill Abattoirs, was born in Melbourne, Victoria, in 1874. He was educated at Geelong College, graduated at the Melbourne Veterinary College, and was in private practice at Ballarat for about four years before being appointed to his present position. Mr. Kyle provided the plans, and supervised the whole of the erection of the establishment, and has been in charge since the opening. He was initiated as a Freemason in Lodge Unity and Prudence, Geelong, and is attached to Lodge Victoria (Irish Constitution) of which he was Worshipful Master in 1903. Mr. Kyle has held office as president of the Invercargill Bog and Poultry Society, and is now Honorary Veterinary Surgeon to the Southland Agricultural and Pastoral Society, and also to the local Racing Club.
, who has been in charge of the Invercargill Fire Brigade since March, 1903, and has been foreman of works of the Borough Council since September, 1900, was born in Glasgow, Scotland, in 1862. He was educated in his native city, where he learned the trade of a carpenter. In 1872 he came to Port Chalmers by the ship “Peter Benny” After working at his trade for live years in Dunedin, and for three years at Lawrence, he removed to Oamaru. where he continued until settling in Invercargill in 1882. Mr. Miller followed his trade in Southland until his appointment under the Borough Council. He is a prominent member of the Order of Oddfellows and has taken the highest offices in connection with Lodge Shamrock, Rose and Thistle, as well as district offices; in 1902 he was raised to the position of Provincial Grand Master at Mataura, and is also a member of St. John's Masonic Lodge, Invercargill. Mr. Miller was married, in 1875, to a daughter of the late Mr. William Archibald, of Glasgow, and has three sons and four daughters.
has been a prominent, member of the Invercargill Fire Brigade for many years. Be was born at St. Marybourne, Hampshire, England, in February, 1852, attended school at Andover, and was at first put to the trade of a baker. Subsequently he worked in a stone mason's yard, and ultimately turned his attention to asphalting. In 1874 Mr. Cook landed at the Bluff in the ship “William Davey,” and settled in Invercargill. For the first seven years he was engineer's assistant under the Invercargill Corporation, and took part in laying out the streets and fixing their levels. At the end of that time he commenced business as an asphalter, under contract with the Borough Council. Mr. Cook has also completed contracts in the same line, in several of the Southland boroughs. His Fire Brigade experience dates from the 9th of September, 1874. Mr. Cook continued an active member of the Brigade till 1903, when he retired to the Honorary Staff, after twenty-nine years of service, during thirteen of which he held the position of first lieutenant. While a member of the brigade he competed at many competitions, and won twenty prizes, including the Associations gold star for Southland. in recognition of his twenty-live years of service, during which he had never once been incapacitated from duty. He has represented the Invercargill Brigade at conferences held at Auckland, Dunedin, Christ-church and Blenheim. As a member of the Order of Oddfellows, Mr. Cook joined the Rose, Shamrock and Thistle Lodge in 1877, and became the first Vice-Grand. For several years he was a member of the Invercargill South School committee, and has for a number of years been vice-president of the Pirates' Football Club. He was married, on the 22nd of November, 1871, to Miss Noice, of Hampshire, England. His wife died on the 11th of August, 1893, leaving six sons and four daughters.
, who has been wharfinger at Invercargill since 1886, was born in 1845, in Edinburgh, Scotland. At the age of fifteen he went to sea in his uncle's vessels trading from the Clyde to the East and West Indies, and was engaged in that way for six years. On leaving the sea he qualified for the duty of a letter sorter in the General Post Office, Glasgow. He remained for two yars in that employment, but found that confinement within doors was injuring his health. Therefore he resigned, and sailed from London in October, 1868, in the ship “Mermaid” for New Zealand. He landed in Port Lyttelton in January, 1869, and after a short stay in Christchurch removed to Dunedin, where he entered the employment of Messrs. Ross and Glendining. However, he left the service of these gentlemen to follow up the wool trade, as a classer, sorter and packer, and worked in and around the districts of Oamaru and Maheno for ten or eleven years. In 1883 Mr. Henderson removed to Invercargill, where he was in the railway service—
, who was twice Mayor of Invercargill, had also been a member of the General Assembly, and of the Pro vincial Councils of Otago and Southland. He was a member of the Waste Lands Board of Southland for several years, and sat on the Education and High Schools Boards from their inception up to April, 1997. The town of Lumsden—an important agricultural centre situated at the junction of the Kingston and Waimea railways. Hokonuidistrict, Southland—was named after him. Mr. Lumsden was born in Fifeshire, Scotland, in 1815—the year of the battle of Waterloo. He received the rudiments of his education at the hands of an ancient dominie, who kept the Kilrenny school, Fife, and afterwards became apprenticed to his uncle, who was a watchmaker is the town of Pittenweem, Fife, About 1836 Mr. Lumsden went to Edinburgh, and worked for Mr. James Whitelaw, a watchmaker of that city, with whom he remained for some years. In 1842 he married Miss Anderson, of Fifeshire, who was bom in 1814; and had a family of eight children. Mr. Lumsden was In business in Edinburgh until 1858, when he came out to Australia in the ship “Ravenseraig.” He started in Geelong as a watchmaker, but only remained in that city for twelve months, in consequence of the great discovery of gold at Ballarat. Mr. Lumsden afterwards returned to Geelong, and reopened his old shop; and kept it until be removed to Southland in 1861. He then opened a jeweller's shop in Invercargill, and pursued his calling there for over forty years. When Mr. Lumsden arrived in Invercargill, there were only three or four dwellings in Dee Street, notably the old “Southland News”' office and two hotels; consequently he witnessed the rise and progress of the town and the provincial district of Southland generally. He was elected to represent Invercargill in the General Assembly, but resigned after attending two sessions—in consequence of his absence at Wellington affecting his business. He also sat on the Provincial Council of Southland, prior to that body amalgamating with Otago, and continued to represent his district in the Otago Council, until the abolition of Provincial Governments. He was a member of the Executive in both Councils. Mr. Lumsden died on the 11th of February, 1904.
, who was Mayor of Invercargill in 1870, and served on the first Borough Council, was born in 1838, in Liverpool, England, where he was educated and brought up in a ship broker's office. He arrived in Victoria, in 1860, and came to New Zealand on the opening up of the Otago goldfields. In 1863 Mr. Pratt settled in Invercargill, and for twenty years carried on business as a general merchant. He is now a land and commission agent and valuer. During the days of the Provincial Government in Southland, he was for a short time a member of the Council. Mr. Pratt served on the Bluff Harbour Board, and was at one time chairman of that body. He was married, in 1869, to Miss Parsons, of London. His wife died in 1902, leaving four daughters and one son.
served as Mayor of Inveicargill in 1881, and was a member of the Council for about six years. He was born in Cornwall in 1841, of Irish parentage, landed in Otago in 1862, and has been connected with Southland since 1863. For some time he was in business as a baker and sawmiller, but subsequently went into the hotel trade, with which he was connected for many years. Mr. Johnson was married, in 1865, to a daughter of the late Mr. J. Fullarton, of Arran, Scotland, and has, surviving, a family of one son and four daughters.
was Mayor of Invercargill in 1883, and also served about ten years as a councillor. He was born in Kent. England, and came to the colonics in 1852. After being ten years at Bondigo, he settled in Southland, and established himself in business in Invercargill as a bootmaker. He has taken a prominent interest in the, progress and development of the district, has served in the Volunteers and in the Fire Brigade, and is a member of the Order of Oddfellows. He was married, in 1854, and his wife died in 1901, leaving five sons and three daughters.
, who was Mayor of Invercargill in 1885, and again in 1903–04, entered the Council in the year 1877, and, except for two
, who was Mayor of Invercargill in 1891, and served as a councillor for live years, was born at Boston, United States of America, in 1838. He landed in Victoria in 1853, and ten years later removed to Invercargill. For fourteen years Mr. Hall conducted a general store in Dee Street, and erected the handsome building now-owned by Messrs Hallonstein Brothers, he served as a member of the Hospital and Charitable Aid Board, and was also a member of the Bluff Harbour Hoard, and has taken a general interest in the development of Southland. Mr. Hall was married, to a daughter of the late Mr. G. J. Joiss, of Victoria, and has four sons and one daughter.
, who formerly represented Third Ward in the Borough Council, spent a great portion of his life In the Colony of South Australia, and in the Riverina district of New South Wales. He is no novice in municipal matters, having previously served as councillor at Glenelg and Mount Gambier, South Australia, and as chairman of the Encounter District Council and other local bodies for a number of years. He was born in London in 1836, was educated there and at Dunmow, Essex, and on leaving school became a junior clerk at the London Docks. In 1855, he emigrated to Adelaide, South Australia, and was a stock-keeper in the northern districts of that Colony for eight years. Ten years after his arrival Mr. Allen went to Port Victor and started the pioneer Shipping business in the Riverina district, being the first to ship wool from that locality. He also erected a flax-mill for the manufacture of linen, but this proved an unremunerative venture. Removing to Adelaide, he engaged for some time in the produce business, and, daring the last five years of his residence in that city, became manager of the Glenelg Railway Company. In 1883 he removed to Mount Gambier, where he entered business as stock agent, etc., and remained until 1893, when he came to Invercargill. At the solicitation of several ratepayers he consented to contest, and was duly returned to, a seat on the Borough Council, as representative of Third Ward. Mr. Allen acts as legal manager for several gold-mining companies interested in mines at Preservation Inlet.
, who for sometime represented the Second Ward of the Borough, was born in Invercargill in 1869, and Is the second son of the late Mr. David Smyth, merchant, of Tay Street. He was educated at the local public school, and worked with his father for several years. Afterwards he accepted a situation with Messrs. McPherson and Co., wool merchants, remaining there for five
has jurisdiction over one of the largest counties in New Zealand, there being an area of about three million acres, or about 4700 square miles, within its boundaries. In that area is included the borough of Invercargill (the county town), with its live suburban municipalities and an aggregate population of ten thousand souls. There are also the sea-port and borough of Campbelltown, otherwise known as the Bluff: and inland, the municipalities of Gore, Winton, and Mataura. The council has constructed and maintains about 1500 miles of roads, besides numerous bridges, some of which are important structures. The total expenditure for all purposes during the last twenty years has exceeded £560,000 derived from county revenue, exclusive of £80,000 granted by the General Government. During the same period the county luis contributed about £35,000 of its revenue towards the hospitals and charitable aid requirements of the district. The total capital value of property within the jurisdiction of the county council is estimated at £4,615,000, and the number of ratepayers on the roll is over 7000. The county is not burdened with any serious public debt, there being only the usual bank overdraft, and a few small district loans for works secured by special district rates. There are in the county six separate railway lines, all of which, with one exception, converge in Invercargill.
, who resides at Edendale, is one of the pioneers of the district. He is the eldest son of Mr. Donald McCallum, fanner, and was born in Duntroou, Argyleshire, Scotland, in 1839, and was educated in Lanarkshire. On leaving school, he worked on his father's farm until 1862, when he left Scotland in the ship “Aboukir” for Port Chalmers. Mr. McCallum settled in Southland, and successively became manager of the “Seaward Downs,” “Morton Mains,” and “Edendale” estates, all belonging to the New Zealand and Australian Land Company. During his connection with that corporation, extending over a period of a quarter of a century, Mr. McCallum laid down the bulk of the lands in English grass. besides stocking the runs with sheep and cattle. In 1888, he started farming on his own account on the banks of the Maraura river, adjacent to Menzies' Ferry. Councillor McCallum was elected In 1881 for the Waihopai riding of the Southland County Council, and was chairman in 1885 and 1897; and he still (1904) represents Waihopai riding. He has been chairman of the Oteramika Road Board for over twenty years, and has also served on the local licensing and school committees for a number of years. Mr. McCallum was Warden of the Oteramika Hundreds under the Southland Provincial Government.
, J. P., has represented Winton riding on the Southland County Council since 1894, and has been a member of the Hospital and Charitable Aid Hoard for most of the time. He was born in Lanarkshire, Scotland, in 1840, educated in his native county, and brought up to country life. At the age of twenty he decided to emigrate to the colonies, and arrived in Port Chalmers by the ship “Bruce” in 1860. For about a year Mr. Hamilton was engaged in ploughing at Tokomairiro, and on the discovery of gold at Gabriels Gully, was one of the first on the scene. After four or live months Mr. Hamilton removed to Southland, and with three others established the firm of Hamilton and Company, sawmillers. In 1863 Mr. Hamilton settled at Forest Hill, and was one of the district's pioneers. He took up about 500 acres of land in its native state, and has farmed his property for over forty years. Mr. Hamilton increased his holding to 2,000 acres, and he has also been able to settle four of his sons in various parts of the district. He has taken a general interest in the progress of the colony, as well as in that of his district; has served on the Forest Hill school committee, is a member of the Farmers' Club, and of the New Zealand Farmers' Union. Mr. Hamilton was married, in 1868, to a daughter of the late Mr. John McIlwrick, of Wigtonshire, Scotland, and has nine sons and one daughter.
has represented Awarua riding in the Southland County Council since 1899, and was previously a member from 1890 to 1893. He was born in Lanarkshire, Scotland, in 1851, and landed with his father at the Bluff by the ship “Storm Cloud,” in December, 1862. Mr. Fleming has been well known in connection with farming pursuits, at Rakahouka, for most of the time that he has been in New Zealand. For a number of years he served as a member of the Lyndhurst Road Board, and has also held office on the Southland Hospital Board. He is now a member of the Southland Hospital and Charitable Aid Board. For a long period Mr. Fleming has been a director of the Southland Agricultural and Pastoral Society. He is further referred to as a farmer at Rakahouka.
, who has represented Wallacetown riding on the Southland County Council since November, 1902, was born in Ayrshire, Scotland, in 1840 at Old Cumnock. At the age of ten he went to Campbelltown, and was brought up to country life. In 1862 he came to Port Chalmers by the ship “Lady Egidia,” and settled at Waianawa, Southland, on the 21th of May of the same year. Two years later he purchased the first portion of the Horn Farm, which now contains 400 acres of freehold. Mr. Ronald makes a special feature of rearing fat cattle for the market. He served for many
, County Clerk and Treasurer to the Southland County Council—who has performed the secretarial and financial duties connected with the county council for over twenty-seven years—was the council's first appointed officer. He came to the Colony from Glasgow in 1861, and was, like many other early colonists of the pioneer days, connected for a time with up country work, being employed on the station of an old school fellow in the then newly opened Waian district. In the end of 1862 he accepted an appointment in the Southland Provincial Government Survey office, and after five and a half years' service visited the Old Country. He was absent from the Colony for five years, three of which were passed in London in business with a relative. Subsequently he was engaged for some months in the Government Survey office in Melbourne. After coming back to New Zealand in 1873, and visiting different centres, he was again appointed to the Provincial Survey office at Invercargill, from which, after about a year, he was transferred to the Public Works staff on the West Coast as chief clerk of that branch of the service. Three years afterwards the counties were inaugurated, and he received the position which he now holds.
, sometime Chairman of the Southland County Council, was a fine specimen of the Teutonic race, and was born in Wallensen, Hanover, in 1834. He was the third son of Mr. Frederick Wilhelm Hast, sometime of the Hanoverian Government service, and was educated and apprenticed to the upholstery trade in his native town. In 1854 Mr Hast went to America; in the ensuing year he landed in Melbourne, and followed the different “rushes” in Victoria, with varied success, until 1861, when he came over to New Zealand. At Tuapeka, Dunstan, Arrow, and Waikaia, he engaged in gold mining; and at Waikaia he and Mr. Skeen entered into partnership as storekeepers; this business they carried on, as well as being proprietors of the Argylc water race, Switzers, up to 1878, when Mr. Hast finally retired into private life. During his residence in Southland Mr. Hast took an active part in local government. He was elected a member of the Southland County Council in 1881, and held the position for fifteen years; he was elected chairman on three occasions. He was also a member of the Hospital Trust and Charitable Aid Board. In 1868 Mr. Hast married Kate, relict of Mr. P. McQueen, of Learmont, and daughter of Mr. Alexander Clark, of Learmont, Victoria, and had seven children. He died on the 6th of May, 1903.
was born at Airdrie, Lanarkshire, near Glasgow, in 1840. He received his primary education in his native town, and afterwards studied at Dick's College, Clyde Street, Edinburgh,
where he qualified and gained the diploma of the Highland Agricultural Society of Scotland. He also obtained the degree of M.R.C.V.S. at the Royal College of Veterinary Surgeons, London. Mr. Dunlop practised with his father for twelve months, and in 1863, sailed from London with his parents in the ship “Great Britain,” for New Zealand. His father died on the voyage, and was buried at the Bluff. Mr. Dunlop established himself in Invercargill, and practised his profession for nearly forty years. He was elected a member of the first Invercargill Road Board, was the first mayor-elect of the Borough of Avenal, and was twice returned to the position; was for some time a member of the Southland County Council, and also its chairman; he was also a member of the
, J.P., who at one time represented Winton riding on the Southland County Council, is a typical specimen of the early pioneers, who settled in the Southland district years ago. He was born in the parish of Monquhitter, Aberdeenshire, Scotland, on the 24th of May, 1822, and is the eldest son of Mr. Arthur Gerrard, farmer, Monquhitter. After receiving a primary education at the village school he worked for his father, who died six years prior to his leaving Scotland, in 1857, by the ship “Robert Henderson,” for Port Chalmers, which was reached in February, 1858. On arrival in Otago Mr. Gerrard purchased a farm at Waihola Lake, where he remained for nearly ten years. In 1867, he Settled in Southland and took up land in the Oreti Hundred, which he still owns. Mr. Gerrard resides on his comfortable homestead “Lady Barkly,” near Winton, but he also possesses several other properties in Southland, and devotes most of his energies to the raising of fat stock for the home markets, in which he is highly successful. Mr. Gerrard was elected to the County Council in 1800, but did not seek re-election in consequence of pressure of private business. He has always taken an active and prominent part in the Southland Frozen Meat Company, of which he was elected a director in 1898. Mr. Gerrard has always endeavoured in various capacities to advance the welfare of the district; he has been a member of the Limehills school committee, was one of the original members of the Aparima Road Board, is an ex-deacon of the Waihola and Wintou Presbyterian churches, and was made a Justice of the Peace in 1878. He was married in 1857 to Jane, daughter of Mr. Thomas Philip, of Monquhitter, and has tour sons and four daughters.
, for sometime chairman of the Southland County Council, after being settled in Southland for a number of years, removed to South Canterbury. Mr. Ward's portrait and biography appear at page 1084 of the Canterbury volume of this work.
holds meetings at the Land Oflice, Post Office Buildings, on the second and fourth Thursdays in each month. The members of the Board are: Mr. John Hay, Chief Surveyor and Commissioner of Crown Lands (chairman), Messrs. A. Kinross, J. MeIntyre, D. King, and John McLean.
includes six volunteer companies; namely, the Southland, Mataura, Whakatipu, Kelso, Murihiku, and Wallace. Lieutenant-Colonel J. E. Hawkins is in command, and Invercargill is the headquarters of the Regiment.
, Officer in Command of the Second Regiment Otago Mounted Rifles, was born in Victoria, in 1861, and has been connected with volunteering since 1877. He has been in command of the Second Regiment since 1902. Mr. Hawkins is the manager of the Invercargill Borough Gas Works.
dates from the 5th of May, 1902, when the amalgamation of the Invercargill Garrison and City Bands took place. The original band was first organised in 1865. It experienced many ups and downs, and was reorganised in 1876 by the late Captain Heywood, who took a great interest in it to the time of his death. It was the first Garrison Band in New Zealand, and under Captain Heywood'a direction, gave a great impetus to band music in the colony. It was the most popular institution in Invercargill, and had a fine record; it was the first to take a prize at a competition, the first to win on a test selection, and the first to win on two test selections. The records of the band were: at Oamaru, 1881, first; Invercargill, 1883, second; Wellington, 1885, second; Oamaru, 1886, first; Dunedin, 1890, second; Dunedin, 1891, fourth; Christcliurch, 1893, first; Invercargill, 1894, two firsts; Dunedin, 1896, second and fourth; Melbourne, 1897, fourth. Officers for 1903: Lieutenant P, H. Mohr, Conductor and Bandmaster; Sergeants J. Cox and R. Galbraith; Mr. J. W. Glennie, Loader; Corporal H. Anthony: Mr. T. W. Walker, Secretary; and Mr. J. Strang, Treasurer. The Band has about thirty-eight members.
, Conductor and Bandmaster of the Southland Battalion Band, was born in London, in March, 1868. He arrived with his parents in Lyttelton in 1872, and gained his musical education in Christchurch, where he studied harmony, composition, and counterpoint, under the late Mr. lendall, Mus. Bac, Organist to the Cathedral. Mr. Mohr went to Australia for further experience, and played under Signor Hazon in the Sydney Philharmonic Society. He afterwards joined the Montague Turner Opera Company, and went to Melbourne, where he took up the position of principal cornet in the Italian Opera, under Signor Mafiazoli. On returning to New Zealand, Mr. Mohr settled at Invercargill, to act as conductor of the City Band; but owing to the state of his wife's health, he moved to Timaru, and took the command of the Timaru Garrison Band. On the death of his wife, Mr. Mohr returned to Invercargill, and was appointed to his present position. He gave up music as an active profession, and entered the office of the “Southern Cross” newspaper, as accountant, and still holds the position. Mr. Mohr was married, in 1890, to a daughter of Captain H. R. Cross, V.D., Vice-Consul for Chili, and commander of the Newcastle Naval Brigade.
, of the Invercargill Garrison Band, was connected with the Band for about eighteen years, and held office as sergeant for ten years. He was born in Worcester, England, in 1865, and was educated partly in his native city and partly in New Zealand, having arrived at Port Chalmers, by the ship “Christian McCausland,” in 1874. On settling in Invercargill, Mr. Cox learned his trade as a bootmaker with Messrs. Kingsland and Co., and has for some time been in the service of that firm. Sergeant Cox has been connected with the volunteers for many years—first with the cadets, then with the Invercargill Rifles, and at present (1904) with the Garrison Band. He holds the New Zealand long service medal, on account of sixteen years of service. Mr. Cox was for live years a member of the Borough Council of North Invercargill. As an Oddfellow he is connected with the Loyal St. George Lodge, Manchester Unity; he has passed the chairs twice, and has on more than one occasion been
, formerly Sergeant of the Invercargill Garrison Band, has been a member of the Volunteer force since 1869, when he joined the 5th Invernesshire Light Infantry, afterwards the 10th Lanarkshire. On his arrival in Invercargill in 1875, he was made Corporal of the Invercargill Garrison Band. Mr. Ferguson is well known throughout Australasia as a euphonium soloist. He took part in the contests in which the Invercargill Garrison Band competed at Oamaru, Dunedin, Christchurch, Wellington, and Melbourne. Mr. Ferguson was a member of Bulch's Ballarat Model Band, and won first prize for solo playing at the Centennial Hall in Sydney in 1888, also first prize at the Druids' gala, held in Melbourne in 1897, and has won seven second prizes. He wears the New Zealand Long Service Medal, and also plays the double bass in the Invercargill Orchestral Society.
, formerly Sergeant of the Invercargill Garrison Band, of which he was a leading member for many years—and took a prominent part in its reorganisation in 1876—is one of Southland's best known and most respected Volunteers. Up to 1876 the band was called the “Volunteer Band,” which was its name when Mr. Jones became a member, on the 20th of December, 1873—the day he landed in New Zealand. Mr. Clement Morton, the secretary of the Band, having listened to Mr. Jones playing on a cornel, which he had brought from England, thereupon Invited him to become a member; for upwards of twenty years he remained a staunch and active member. He was elected its first sergeant—an office he held for many years—and was also secretary. As an instrumentalist, he was for many years indispensable, at different times filling the positions of solo tenor, first baritone, and Brat trombone. He claims to have been the first to introduce the slide trombone into the band. Previous to leaving the Old Country. Mr. Jones was a member of the St. Aulkinonds' Temperance Band, Salop, the first Shropshire Artillery Band, and the band of the 7th Shropshire Rifles. He was a member of these bands between the years 1864 and 1873. He occupied the position of chairman at the Invercargill Garrison Band's “Majority” social, which took place on the 29th of October, 1898, and his reminiscences of the Band's early days were both amusing and interesting. In 1902 the Invercargill Garrison and City Bands amalgamated under the title of the Southland Battalion Band, of which Mr. Jones is an honorary member.
of Invercargill comprises the old provincial district of Southland, and extends as far as Arrowtown. The Chief Post Office stands well back from Dee Street, and is a handsome two-storey brick building with a clock tower. It was opened for public business on the 4th of August, 1893, and its northern wing is occupied by the Post and Telegraph Department. Telephone Exchange, Money Order Office and Savings Bank. In 1903 there were 214 officers employed in all departments throughout the district, and sixty two stationed at the head office in Invercargill. The accommodation at head quarters consists of a large public office with a semicircular counter, an office of the Chief Postmaster, a room for the Chief Clerk, and a mail room on the ground floor; and the next floor contains the Telephone Exchange and Telegraph Operating Room, a large room occasionally occupied as a learning room, a despatch room, and a Telephone Bureau. There is a box lobby, with 229 private boxes. The Post Office clock is kept in order by the Borough Council; it is lighted with gas, and has the usual cathedral chimes. In front of the Post Office, there is a handsome band rotunda, which occupies the central position of the large asphalt square, facing Dee Street. The block of land occupied by the handsome Government building's, which include the Post Office, extends to Esk Street on the north, the Crescent on the south, and the railway on the west. Mr. C. A. Tipping is Chief Postmaster, Mr. W. H. Price, Chief Clerk; and Mr. J. L. Bush has charge, of the telegraphic branch. From 120 to 130 bags of mails are received and despatched daily As the Bluff is the first port of call for mail steamers arriving in the colony, all over sea mails are landed, and sent to Invercargill: and this involves the handling of 150 to 200 bags of mail matter each week.
, Chief Postmaster at Invercargill, was born in 1846, in Ireland, he came to Lyttelton, in 1862, by the ship “Echunga.” joined the Telegraph Department in Christchurch in 1864 and had a large experience before his
, Officer-in-Charge of Telegraphs, Invercargill, first entered on his duties in 1871, when the staff consisted of himself and one assistant, with only one wire erected from Dunedin to Bluff. Now the telegraph and telephone staff numbers thirty-four, and there are over 450 miles of telegraph lines in the Southland district, exclusive of those in use in connection with the Telephone Exchange. The Invercargill Exchange has 300 subscribers, and is also connected with branch exchanges and bureaux at neighbouring townships, to the number of sixty.
, Invercargill. There has been a Customs House at Invercargill for about fifty years. For a long time the department had its quarters in a building on the Bluff Road, but now (1904) its domicile is on the ground floor at the Government Buildings in Dec Street. There is the customary long room, and a room for the Collector, who is assisted by a landing waiter, locker, and clerk. There are three bonds in Invercargill; one in the premises of Messrs. W. B. Mitchell and Co., and another in those of Messrs. Nichol Brothers, and a third in those of Messrs Mackerras and Hazlett, Limited. The duties collected in Invercargill in 1903 amounted to £83,524, including £1,630 for beer duty.
, Collector of Customs, Registrar of Shipping and Immigration Officer, has held his present position since 1901. He came out to New Zealand in the early sixties, and was for a time in the Land Office. Christchurch, before joining the Customs Department at Lyttelton in 1803. In 1864, on Christchurch being made a sub-port, he was transferred there, where he remained until 1876, when he was transferred to Auckland. On the occasion of his departure for the north Mr. McDowell was presented by the officers of the department with a valuable silver tea and coffee service, suitably inscribed. After ten years in Auckland he was transferred to Wellington as senior landing waiter, and on his leaving Auckland his friends presented him with a handsome gold watch, and his brother officers with a heavy gold chain. For some years Mr. McDowell resided in Wellington, where he filled the position of acting landing surveyor for a time, before being transferred to Lyttelton in 1890. In the early part of 1892 he was appointed Collector of Customs at Creymouth, and while there was a member of the Grey Harbour Board. Mr. McDowell was promoted to his present position at Invercargill in 1901. He was married, in 1865, to the youngest daughter of the late Mr. Alfred George Playsted, formerly of Wadhurst, Sussex, England, where the family had resided for over four hundred years. There is a family of two daughters and two sons.
embraces the counties of Wallace, Fiord, Southland, and Stewart Island, with part of the counties of Lake, Clutha, and Tuapeka. It also includes the Auckland, Campbell, Antipodes, Bounty, and adjacent islands. The offices of the department are on the first floor of the Post Office Building in Dee Street. Mr. John Hay is Chief Surveyor and Commissioner of Crown Lands; Mr. H. L. Welch, Receiver of Land Revenue; Mr. J. Robinson, Chief Draught man; Mr. G. Fannin. Chief Clerk; Mr. L. O. Mathias, District Surveyor; and Mr. O. Otway, Assistant Surveyor.
, Chief Surveyor and Commissioner of Crown Lands at Invercargill for the Southland District, was born in May, 1848, in the county of Kent, England, and is a son of the late Mr. George Hay, of Hiliy Park, South Molyneux. He arrived at Port Chalmers by the ship “Ajax,” with his parents in the month of January, 1849, was educated at East Clutha school, under the late Mr. James McEwan, and was brought up to agricultural and pastoral pursuits. He, however, joined the Otago Provincial Survey Stall in the month of May, 1867, served his cadeiship under Mr. C. W. Adams, District Surveyor, now Chief Surveyor and Commissioner of Crown Lands at Blenheim, and qualified as a surveyor in November, 1869. Sometime afterwards he was employed for nearly two years as surveyor to the late well known firm of Gillies and Street. Dunedin. In June, 1873, Mr. Hay w appointed District Surveyor for the Western Districts of Southland, and held the position until January, 1897, when he was transferred to Dunedin and promoted to the Chief Survevorship of Otago. This position he retained until January, 1901, when he was again transferred to Invercargill to fill the position he now occupies. As a Freemason, Mr. Hay was initiated in the year 1872 in Lodge St. Andrew, No. 432, Scottish Constitution, and is a Blaster Mason. Mr. Hay was married, in the year 1879, to a daughter of Mr. William Hamlyns, farmer. Waimatuku, Southland, and has a family of three sons and two daughters.
, Crown Lands Ranger in Southland, was born in 1838, in the parish of Parr, Sutherlandshire, Scotland. Having been left an orphan at the age of twelve months, he was brought up by an uncle in the parish of Tongue, on the Duke of Sutherland's estate. In 1859 Mr. Campbell came to Port Chalmers by the ship “Gala,” and Nettled in the Southland district. Prior to leaving Scotland he had been a police officer for eighteen months, and soon after his arrival in the colony he joined the New Zealand police force. After about
is in Dee Street, Invercargill. The district includes the counties of Southland. Lake, Wallace and Vincent, and the stall comprises the Supervising Valuer and six assistants. The Advances to Settlers Office was opened on the first of January, 1895, and the Valuation Department in 1897.
, Supervising Valuer and Representative of the Advances to Settlers Department at Invercargill, wae born in the county of Bute, near Rothesay, Scotland, in 1840. He was educated in his native place, and was brought up to farming by an uncle. On arriving at Port Chalmers, in 1861, by the ship “Robert Henderson,” he found employment on a farm for a time. Afterwards he went with the crowd to the Dunstan rush, but was satisfied in three months, and returned to agriculture. In 1868 Mr. Carswell settled at Lower Mataura, and acquired a farm on which he resided for ten years. While still retaining this property he established himself in business as a stock and station agent in Invercargill in 1878, under the style of Carswell, White and Co. This business was sold to Mr. J. G. Ward (now Sir Joseph Ward) in 1894, and Mr. Carswell joined the Government service as Chief Valuer under the Advances to Settlers Department. Mr. Carswell is an unattached member of the Masonic Order. He was one of the first members of the Toitoi Road Board, on which he served several years; for three years he was a member of the Invercargill Borough Council, and was on the Blulf Harbour Board for five years. Mr. Carswell was married, in 1874, to a daughter of the late Mr. John Anderson, of Wyndham station, and has live sons and four daughters.
for the Southland district is situated on the ground floor of the Post Office Buildings. Three rooms are occupied in addition to a large strong room, and the records of all deeds for the whole of Southland are kept at this office. The staff consists of the Registrar, Mr. R. W. Dyer, the Assistant Registrar, Mr. J. Bell, and four assistants.
, Assistant Registrar of Deeds, and District band Registrar, Southland, was born in 1832 in the north of England, where he was educated and brought up to mercantile life. He came out to Victoria in 1859. Three years later he arrived in Southland, where he entered the Union Bank of Australia, to which he had been transferred from Melbourne. After a short time Mr. Bell became an officer of the old Hank of Otago, and served in that institution for about ten years altogether, in Invercargill and Riverton. On severing his connection with that bank, be became a storekeeper at Riverton; but after three years he retired from business, and in 1880 joined the Government service in the Deeds Registry Department. Mr. Bell was married, in 1864, to a daughter of the late Mr. James Ayre. of Melbourne. This lady died in June, 1903. The family originally consisted of five sons and eleven daughters, of whom live sons and five daughters survive.
has been represented in Invercargill for the last twenty-one years by Mr. B. F. Cuthbertson, under whose charge the local business of the branch increased from a sum of about £1500, put through the office in 1883, to close on £7000 in 1903. These sums do not represent the value of the estates administered by the Public Trustee through his Invercargill agent, but merely the actual cash that has passed through that particular agent's hands. No department of the public service requires to be conducted with more scrupulous accuracy and business tact, than that which deals with trust funds and estates, and the increase of business just mentioned, seems to show that confidence in the management of the Public Trust office, and appreciation of the benefits that it offers, are extending throughout the community.
, Agent of the Public Trustee for Invercargill, is one of the rapidly diminishing band of settlers, who may be regarded as pioneers in the district of Southland, although he was not among the very earliest of these. Born on the banks of the Clyde, his scholastic education commenced in Glasgow, and was completed at the University of Edinburgh. He received the greater part of his training as an accountant in Liverpool, where he held a responsible position till the year 1860, when he decided—largely for considerations of health—to make New Zealand his future home. He reached Southland early in 1861, and engaged in pastoral pursuits till about 1883, when the spread of the rabbit plague compelled him to abandon sheepfarming. Since that time he has practised his profession in Invercargill, being one of the foundation members of the New Zealand Institute of Accountants, whose diploma he holds. During the period he was engaged in pastoral life, he took an active Interest in public matters, having been returned on two separate occasions as a member of the Southland Provincial Council, and for a time he occupied a seat on the executive council of that body. He was also one of the first members of the Wallace county council, a position held by him for many years. Since becoming semi-officially connected with a government department, he has taken no active part in public affairs. Mr. Cuthbertson acts as secretary to the Southland Agricultural and Pastoral Association, holds the commission of the peace, and is one of the visiting justices for the Invercargill Gaol.
in the old provincial district of Southland is divided into two districts; one with its office in the Government Buildings, Dee Street, Invercargill. and the other with its headquarters at Gore. The Invercargill district includes all the country near the seaboard, from Chasland's Mistake to the Princess Range beyond the Waiau river. The district staff consists of the Inspector of Stock in charge of the district, who is also Registrar of Brands, Inspector under the Noxious Weeds Act, the Rabbit Nuisance Act, the Dairy Industry Act, the Slaughtering and Inspection Act, and Enumerator under the Agricultural and Pastoral Statistics Act, two clerks; three rabbit agents; one dairy and noxious weeds inspector; and four permanent rabbiters. Extra men are employed every year for the collection and compilation of agricultural and pastoral statistics. The veterinary division of the department has one veterinarian and three assistant meat inspectors in the Invercargill district.
, Inspector in charge of the Invercargill district, is referred to on page 463 of this volume, under Maheno. Mr. Wright was in charge of the Milton district from 1900 to June, 1002, when he was promoted to Invercargill.
has had a separate office in Southland since 1901. Its quarters are on the first floor of the Post Office buildings, and all public roads in the Southland district on which Government money is spent, are under the direction of the engineer-in-charge. The most of the work is done by co-operative labour, and about one hundred men, more or less, are employed. Mr. J. H. Treseder is District Road Engineer in charge.
, Chief Clerk in the District Road Engineer's office at Invercargill, was born in 1865, in Southland, and was educated principally in Invercargill. Mr. Aitkin joined the Government service in 1897 in the Valuation Department; and in 1899 was appointed to the Lands and Survey Department, as chief clerk of the roads branch, and has held his present position in the Public Works Department since 1901.
, Road Inspector under the Roads Department, Invercargill, was appointed to his present position on the 1st of December, 1902. He was born in Edinburgh, Scotland, in 1834, and learned the trade of a blacksmith. In 1853 Mr. Millar came to Port Chalmers by the ship “Rajah,” and worked at his trade in Dunedin for six years, and in Invercargill for three years. He was attracted to the goldfields, visited Tuapeka, was two years at the Lake, and eighteen months on the West Coast. On returning to Southland Mr. Millar joined the railway service. He was the first guard on the line from Invercargill to Winton, and held that position for two years. Then he turned his attention to contracting, and had the first sub-contract under the Messrs Brogden for ballasting the line from Woodlands to Gore, and he also finished the Edendale cutting. Later on he supervised the construction of the line between Caroline and Lumsden. With two partners, Mr. Millar was subsequently engaged in Hawke's Bay on the construction of the line from Waipawa to Kopu. On returning to Southland he worked on the line between Makerewa
has its offices in Ward's Buildings, The Crescent, Invercargill. It has been a separate department in Invercargill since the 1st of June, 1897, and is under the control of an inspector and his assistant. The district extends from Clinton to the Bluff, and the local police assist the inspector in the performance of his duties.
, Inspector of Factories for the Southland District, was transferred to his present position in 1902, from Napier, where he had been inspector of factories since 1896. Mr. Browett was born in Northampton, England, in 1862, and arrived at Lyttelton, New Zealand, in 1885. For some time he worked at his trade as a bootmaker, and took a leading part as a negotiator in connection with strikes and other troubles. He first entered the public service as officer-in-charge of the Labour Bureau at Lyttelton, in 1895.
. The head office for Southland is located on the first floor of Briscoe's Buildings, Dee Street, Invercargill. The office dates from January, 1901, and was opened soon after the Government formed the general Public Health Department for the colony. The Southland Health district consists of the counties of Southland, Wallace, Stewart Island, Fiord, and Lake, including of course all towns and other places within these boundaries. It has a total area of 10,907 square miles, a population of 61,000, and nineteen city, borough and county councils. The officer-in-charge of the Southland district acts in all public health matters as supervisor and adviser to the councils throughout the province, and each council is the Board of Health for its own locality. It is the duty of the Government Health Officer to see that these Boards enforce all measures needful to safeguard the health of the people. The councils have inspectors for this work, and they carry out their duties under the general direction of the Government officer. If any council neglects to comply with his instructions, it can be prosecuted at law. All medical practitioners have also immediately to notify him of any cases of infectious disease under their charge, in order that means may be taken to prevent the spread of contagion. Though the Department has not been long in existence, many valuable public health reforms have already been instituted under its jurisdiction. The Southland office is exceedingly well equipped for the work. The valuable reference library and comprehensive drawings, etc., of the latest developments in general sanitary science, belonging to the officer-in-charge, will well repay inspection by any one interested in public health.
, Officer-in-charge of the Southland Health Department, came from Lochaber, Inverness-shire, Scotland. His father, Mr. Alan Cameron, of Kinlochbeg, died when he was in infancy, and his mother having married a gentleman of foreign extraction a couple of years subsequently, the subject of this notice was adopted, about three years afterwards by a relative—the Rev Dr. Alex. Stewart, of Onich, Lochaber, the noted Scottish writer on natural history and Highland folk-lore, well-known by his pen-name of “Nether Lochaber.” He remained with Dr. Stewart till the age of fifteen, when, deciding to strike out in life for him-self, he left for New Zealand, and landed in Invercargill in 1890, where he has been ever since. Mr. Cameron began his direct preparation for public health work by attending the physics, chemistry, architecture, and other collegiate classes at the Southland High Schools for four years; and in January, 1898, he was appointed, out of forty-three applicants, to the position of Chief Inspector for the town of Invercargill. The efficient measures he took at the time of the first threatened advent of bubonic plague to New Zealand in April, 1900, won the high commendation of Dr. Mason and Mr. J. A. Gilruth, M.R.C.V.S., then the Government Sanitary Commissioners for the colony. It, therefore, naturally followed when the Department of Public Health was organised by Sir Joseph Ward towards the end of 1900, that Mr. Cameron would be marked for advancement. This proved to be the case, and in January, 1901, he commenced his duties as officer-in-charge of the Southland Health district. The appointment was warmly approved by the local newspapers and public men generally. Mr. Cameron, notwithstanding a busy life, found some leisure, until recently, to further the interests of many institutions. He was one of the principal founders of the Highland Society of Southland, of which he acted as honorary secretary for a number of years, and was largely instrumental in inducing the late Major-General Sir Hector Macdonald to visit, the colonies in 1901. He was the leading promoter and the honorary instructor of the Southland
include a portion of the main trunk line between Dunedin and Invercargill, and there are lines from Invercargill to Bluff, from Edendale to Glenham, from Gore to Waimea Plains, Invercargill to Waimahaka, Invercargill to Kingston, Invercargill to Riverton and Orepuki, Riverton to Nightcaps, Lumsden to Mossburn, and Winton to Hedgehope. The distance from Dunedin to Invercargill is 130 miles, from Gore to Lumsden 37 miles, Invercargill to Bluff 17 miles, Invercargill to Kingston 87 miles, and Invercargill to Orepuki 43 miles. The Southland railways have now a total mileage of 338 miles, and the lines do an extensive trade. Tn ten years the quantity of grain carried has increased from 1,500,000 bushels to over 3,000,000 bushels. The total number of passengers carried in the year 1892 was under 300,000, while in 1903 it was nearly 650,000. Within the same period the tonnage of goods increased from 214,000 tons to 304,000 tons; and the comparison includes 14,000 tons of coal in 1802 against 40,000 in 1003. In the same years the number of sheep carried increased from 85,000 to 220,000. All these figures refer strictly to the Southland section of the New Zealand railways.
, District Traffic Manager of the Southland section of New Zealand Railways, was born in London, England. He came to New Zealand in 1859, and was the first cadet to join the railway department in Canterbury in 1872. After six years' service at Christchurch he was removed to Oamaru, where he remained as relieving-officer for two years. In 1881 he was transferred to Dunedin, and was stationed in that city for fifteen years as chief traffic clerk. Mr. Piper was appointed Traffic Manager at Greymouth in 1897, and three years later he was transferred to Wanganui, where he remained for a year before being appointed to Southland in 1902.
, formerly District Traffic Manager of the Southland Railways, was born in June, 1852, at St. Brieue, Brittany, where his lather, Captain T. Douglas Whitecombe, K.S.G., late of the Royal Madras Artillery, H.E.I.C, had settled, after leaving the army. Captain Whitcombe was a member of an old Gloucestershire family, being the younger son of Sir Samuel Aubrey Whitecombe of Hillfleld House. After some years at a public school in the south of England, Mr. Whitecombe—the subject of this notice—completed his education at the Imperial Lycée at St. Brieue. Wishing to get an insight into railway work, he entered the office of the late Mr. E. M. Needham, superintendent of the Midland Railway at Derby (Sir James Allport then being general manager). In 1875, Mr. Whitecombe came to New Zealand, and joined the New Zealand railway service in February, 1870. After a short time he was appointed chief clerk to Mr. T. F. Rotheram, now (1004) locomotive superintendent in West Australia, with whom he was associated for eight years as traffic clerk—two years of which were spent at Picton, and six at Wanganui. He was then appointed traffic clerk in Auckland to Mr. C. Hudson, now (1904) one of the Railway Commissioners of Victoria, and served two years with that gentleman. From Auckland Mr. Whitecombe was transferred to the Hawke's Bay district, where, partly as traffic clerk, and latterly as traffic manager, he spent live years. In March, 1892, he was promoted to the position of District Traffic Manager at Invercargill, whence, in March, 1962, he was transferred to Wanganui. Mr. Whitecombe was transferred, in 1904, from Wanganui to Christchurch, to the position of District Traffic Manager of the Canterbury Railways.
, Railway Audit Inspector for the Otago, Southland, and South Canterbury Sections of New Zealand Railways, was born in Otago in 1861, and was educated principally in Dunedin. In 1877 he joined the Railway Department, as a cadet at Moeraki—prior to the opening of the extension to Oamaru—and was afterwards transferred to that town as clerk, and three years later was appointed clerk in the goods department at Dunedin. In 1886, he joined the railway accountant's staff at the head office, Wellington, and three years subsequently was appointed to his present position. Mr. Munro joined the Caversham Rifles in 1885 as a private, and rose to be lieutenant and held that rank until he was transferred to Wellington.
, formerly District Engineer for the Invercargill section of the New Zealand Railways, joined the service of the public works department in Dunedin in the latter part of 1879, and was shortly afterwards articled to the late Mr. W. N. Blair, M.I.C.E., then engineer in charge of public works for the Middle Island. On the completion of his indentures, he was appointed assistant engineer in the public works department, Dunedin, and in that capacity bad charge, under the district engineer, Dunedin, of works on the Otago Central, Catlin's River, and Seaward Bush railways up till 1894. From 1894 to 1897. Mr. Macandrew had charge of the construction of the Te Aroha-Paeroa railway in the Auckland province, and was appointed to the position of District Engineer at Invercargill early in 1807. He is now (1004) District Engineer at Christchurch.
, Foreman of Works on the Southland section of New Zealand railways, was born in 1843, in Yorkshire, England, he left Yorkshire for Scotland with his parents, and there learned the trade of a carpenter and joiner. In the year 1867 he took his passage in the ship “Robert Henderson, for Port Chalmers, and six years later joined the railway service, at Invercargill. Mr. Illingworth was married, in 1870, to a daughter of the late Mr. John Clement, of “Tutara,” Mataura, and has had four sons and five daughters, of whom one son and one daughter have died.
, who has been Clerk in the Locomotive Department at the Invercargill Railway Station since 1895, was born in Lancashire, England, in 1851, and educated partly in his native county and partly in Victoria, where he arrived with his parents in 1862. In 1876 he came to New Zealand and settled in Christchurch, and soon afterwards joined the railway service. Mr. Greenwood was employed in the Addington Workshops for seven years, and was then transferred to the locomotive branch in Dunedin, where he served for about eight years before being appointed to his present position at Invercargill. He joined the Enterprise Lodge of Druids in Christchurch, and passed all the chairs; and as a Freemason, he is a life member and also a Past Secretary of Lodge Celtic, Dunedin. Mr. Greenwood was married, in Victoria, in 1877, to a daughter of Mr. Robert Baxter, of Maryborough, and has three sons and two daughters.
, Storekeeper in the Locomotive Department of the Invercargill Railway Station, was bom in Lanarkshire, Scotland, on the 28th of February, 1854. He was educated in the parish of Calder, and had seventeen years experience as a coal and iron miner before coming to Port Chalmers by the ship “Wellington” in 1879. Shortly afterwards Air. Forrester entered the railway service at Invercargill, and has had considerable experience as an engine driver, and in connection with, machinery, so that in addition to taking charge of the stores he attends to the stationary engine on the works and keeps the machinery in order. As a Freemason he is a Past Master in Lodge St. John, New Zealand Constitution, and is also a member of the Pioneer Lodge, of Oddfellows. Mr. Forrester was married, in 1871, to a daughter of the late Mr. George Silman, of Glasgow, and has had six sons and three daughters, of whom two sons have died.
, Leading Fitter in the Locomotive Department at the Invercargill Railway Station, was born in 1851, in Glasgow, Scotland, where he was educated, and where he also served an apprenticeship in Messrs Dub's locomotive workshops, he afterwards worked with Messrs McOnie, engineers and boiler makers, at Messrs Nilson's Hyde Park locomotive works, and at Singer's
machine factory. In 1875 he arrived at Port Chalmers by the ship “Earl of Zetland.” For some time he was employed in ditching at Tuturau, Southland: afterwards he worked in a lignite coal pit, and then drove a team of horses, before joining the railway service as a porter at Mataura in 1877. Eighteen months later he entered the locomotive department, but was thrown out of employment when the period of retrenchment arrived. He found work at harvesting for a time, and on returning to Invercargill, was employed at the Vulcan Foundry, where he remained for two years. In 1884 Mr. Harvey again became connected with the locomotive department
, formerly Locomotive Foreman of the Invercargill Section of New Zealand Government Railways, was born at Dundee, Scotland, on the 3rd of November, 1848. He was educated at the Normal School, Alyth, and arrived with his parents at Lyttelton in the shin “Ganundqui,” from London, In 1861. Mr. MacKenzie joined the railway service in 1876, was promoted to the position of driver in charge at Timaru in October, 1880, and became in December of the same year locomotive foreman in charge of the locomotive depôt of the Southland section. He became a Freemason at Ashburton in 1878, when he was initiated in Lodge Somerset, 1811, E.C., and affiliated with Lodge St. John, No. 610, S.C., Invercargill, in 1883, passing through all the chairs from Junior Deacon upwards, and was installed Worshipful Master in 1890. In the following year he was elected treasurer of St. John, No. 94, under the New Zealand Grand Lodge. Mr. MacKenzie was elected a Grand Steward of the Grand Lodge of New Zealand in 1895.
, which stands in Leven Street, at the bottom of Esk Street, is a substantial and well appointed building. It is erected in wood and iron, and contains first and second class waiting rooms, and all the accommodation required for the working stall, and for the public. There is a long asphalt platform, a considerable portion of which is covered over by the building. At each end of the platform, there are docks, for the north and south trains. A large goods shed on the other side of the line is connected with the station by a footbridge. There are also engine sheds, and extensive new workshops stand on a block of land facing Liddell and Tweed Streets. A complete and extensive yard is fitted with the latest system of interlocking machinery, and at each end of the yard there is a signal box. The one at the south end is said to be the largest in New Zealand, and is fitted with sixty-live levers. The tablet system is in force on the Invercargill railway section, as far as Riverton and Winton. The district officers have compact offices adjoining the railway station. Eighty men, including clerks, porters and guards are under the immediate control of the station-master.
, Stationmaster at Invercargill, joined the railway service in 1873 at Port Chalmers. He was successively appointed stationmaster at Clinton, Napier, and Gore, and was transferred in 1894 to Invercargill. In 1897 he was chosen as the Southland delegate to the council of the Railway Officers' Institute, and has been twice elected representative of the first division on the Railway Appeal Board for the Middle Island.
, who has been booking clerk at the Invercargill Railway Station since 1900, was born at Birkenhead, Liverpool, England, in 1864, and when eight years old accompanied his parents to Port Chalmers by the ship “Zealandia.” He was educated in Dunedin, where he joined the railway service as a cadet, and in 1891 he became stationmaster at Tapanui. After a years' service he was transferred in a similar capacity to Seacliff, and two years later to Allanton, where he remained for seven years. Mr. Low was stationmaster at Studholme Junction for a year, and was then transferred to Christchurch as goods clerk; a year later he was sent to Mataura, where he continued for a similar period, before being appointed to his present position at Invorcargill.
, Delivery Clerk in the Goods Department at the Invercargill Railway Station, was born in 1875, at Christchurch, where he was educated and served for three years in the grocery business. He then joined the railway department as a cadet, and eighteen months later was transferred to Dunsandel. After three years and a half there, he was transferred to Christchurch, and served in that place for four years. In 1901 Mr. Turton was transferred, at his own request, to Invercargill. He was married, in 1901, to a daughter of the late Mr. P. Clohery, of Queenstown.
, Second Clerk in the Goods Department at the Invercargill Railway Station, was born in 1872, in Lyttelton, where he was educated, and joined the railway service as a cadet in 1885. Alter serving for about six years he was transferred to Addington, and two years later became second clerk at the Bluff, where he remained for eleven years before being transferred to the Invercargill office. Mr. Sullivan was married, in 1890, to a daughter of Sergeant-Major Blackmore, now of Wellington, and for years Instructor of Southland Volunteers. There is a family of three sons.
, Coaching Foreman at the Invercargill Railway Station, was born in 1868 in Tasmania, and attended school there and at Queenstown. New Zealand, where he arrived in 1879. He joined the railway service at Dunedin, as a porter, and during the first ten years, rose to the position of guard. Mr. Maloney was coaching foreman at Oamaru for two years, was for a like period at New Flymouth, and then held office as goods-foreman at Christ-church for a year, before being promoted to his present position at Invercargill in 1903. Mr. Maloney was married, in May, 1898, to a daughter of Mr. John Dunne, proprietor of the Crown Hotel, Balchuha, and has three sons.
, one of the staff engaged at the Invercargill Railway Station, was born in Lambeth parish, London, in 1831. He attended school at Nine Elms, and learned the trade of a wheelwright and coachbuilder in London. Mr. Wren arrived at Port Chalmers by the ship “James Nicol Fleming,” in 1874, and found employment at his trade for about twenty years before removing to Invercargill, where he was employed for five years by Mr. Brown in Tay Street, and entered the Government Railway Workshops in 1881. Before leaving the Old Country, he served as a volunteer in a corps of the Kent Rifles, and played the big drum in his company's band. Mr. Wren was married, in 1854, to a daughter of the late Mr. William Mitchell, gardener, London, and has five sons and five daughters. His eldest son is a Justice of the Peace, and carries on business as a painter in Princes Street, Dunedin.
has been a railway servant since 1877, and is well known as a guard on the Bluff section. He was born in Manchester, England, in January, 1859, and, as a lad of five years, accompanied his parents to Lyttelton, by the ship “Greyhound.” He attended school at Duvauchelle's Bay. Banks Peninsula, and also at Prebbleton for a short period. In 1877 he joined the railway as a shunter, and after three years of service, spent seven months in Sydney, and then returned to New Zealand and rejoined the railway department in Christchurch, where he became a guard. After ten years in Canterbury, he was transferred to Invercargill, in 1891. He afterwards ran as a guard in Auckland and Canterbury, and returned to Invercargill in 1900. Mr. Newton was married, in 1882, to a daughter of the late Mr. Joseph Burrows, of Christchurch, and has three daughters and three sons.
, Engine Driver on the Invercargill section of the New Zealand Railways, was born at Tayport, Scotland, in 1851, educated there, and brought up on a farm. When about sixteen years of age he entered the service of the North British Railway Company, with which he remained six years, and sailed in 1874, for Lyttelton, New Zealand. In 1875 he joined the New Zealand railway service, as cleaner, but was, in the same year, removed to Timaru as fireman, and back again to Christchurch in 1877, as a driver. Since that time he has been successively at Port Lyttelton, Christchurch, Oamaru, Invercargill, Mauriceville, Eketahuna and Invercargill again; though the greater part of his time since 1881 hag been spent in Invercargill. He is a member of the Pioneer Lodge, No. 27, Independent Order of Oddfellows. Mr. Findlay was married, in 1881, to a daughter of Mr. James Rennie, of Glasgow, and has five sons and four daughters.
, Ganger on Section 71 of the Invercargill-Bluff railway, was born at Hayes, Middlesex, England, in 1869. In 1871 he left, with his parents, for New Zealand, and the family settled in Invercargill, where he was educated, and began to work on the railways when he was eighteen years of ago. Since then he has worked on all the Southland lines. He began to work on his present section in 1898, and in 1899 was promoted to be ganger. Mr. Tull—whose
commences midway between Gore and Clinton, and includes the counties of Southland, Wallace, Lake and Stewart Island; also the adjacent islands. There are eighteen police stations under the control of the officer in charge. The staff consists of an inspector, three sergeants, a detective, and twenty-eight constables. The station in Esk Street is a three storey brick building. It was erected in 1901, and contains offices and barracks, with cells at the back.
, Inspector in charge of the Police District of Invercargill, was born in Devonshire. England, in 1854. He joined the police force in Otago in 1877, and after serving in various positions was promoted to the rank of inspector, and was stationed at Invercargill in October, 1902.
at Invercargill occupies a site of over an acre at the corner of Spey and Leven Streets. The main building, which is built of brick, is surrounded by a high wall, contains fifteen cells, and has accommodation for thirty male prisoners. A female prison adjoins, and has accommodation for seven inmates. The residence of the goaler is outside the wall, and is a wood and iron building. The staff consists of the goaler, principal warder, two assistants, and a matron for the female prisoners.
, Goaler in charge of the Invercargill Goal, was born at sea in 1813/ He was an officer of the East India Company's service for twenty-one years, and has been in charge at Invercargill since April, 1903.
, Chief Warder of His Majesty's Goal, Invercargill, was born at Rangor, County Down, Ireland, in 1862. He was educated at Belfast, and served an apprenticeship of five years as a bricklayer at Rangor. Mr Hawkins went to America and worked at his trade in Cleveland, Ohio, for two years. He then returned to Ireland, with the intention of going back to America, but decided to become a colonist, and came out to Lyttelton by the s.s. “Dorie” in 1884, to join an uncle. After three months at his trade, Mr. Hawkins entered the prison service, and was sent to Invercargill, where he arrived on New Year's Eve, at the end of 1884. A year later he removed to Dunedin, as assistant warder, and was soon afterwards appointed to the charge of the workshops in connection with the gaol. He was then promoted to the position of second class warder, and was transferred to Timaru, where he continued for four years. On the death of the gaoler, Mr. Hawkins became acting-gaoler. When the Timaru prison was closed Mr. Hawkins was transferred to Invercargill as second principal warder, and became chief warder on the 1st of March, 1903. During the period of his service in Invercargill, Mr. Hawkins' knowledge of brick and concrete work has been turned to good account, as five large concrete and iron bridges have been erected in Invercargill for the Corporation by prison labour; and Mr. Hawkins also supervised the laying of the hospital grounds, and designed and supervised the erection of the wall, and the whole of the asphalting. Mr. Hawkins was married, 1888, to a daughter of Mr. Michael Hawkins, of Lyttelton, engine driver to the Harbour Board, and has two daughtors.
, formerly Gaoler at Invercargill, was born at Calais, France. He is the eldest son of Mr. John Bratby, lace manufacturer, and was educated at the French and English schools of his native town, his parents being English born. In 1862 he came out to Auckland with the “Albertland” settlers. On landing In Auckland by the ship “Gertrude,” he decided not to go to Port Albert. He obtained employment, and subsequently took charge of a coasting vessel, which was employed in running stores for the soldiers at the Miranda Redoubt, Thames. In 1864 Mr. Bratby joined the Auckland Armed Police, under Mr. Commissioner Naughton, and remained in that force until 1866, when he became manager of the first hotel erected at Shortland, during the first: “rush” to the Thames goldfields. Subsequently he became proprietor of the Coach and Horses Hotel (afterwards known as the “Albert”), situated in Queen Street, Auckland. Mr. Bratby subsequently gave up hotelkeeping, and joined the firm of Messrs Whitson and Lyle, brewers, Newmarket. On the 19th of March, 1872, he joined the Prisons Department as a warder; subsequently he became overseer, then acting chief warder, at Wellington, and was afterwards appointed chief warder at the Dunedin Gaol. In April, 1888, he was appointed Gaoler at Invercargill. In 1867 Mr. Bratby married Ellen, daughter of Mr. John Dowling, of Halifax, Nova Scotia, and has one daughter.
was constituted in 1885, under “The Hospital and Charitable institutions Act, 1885,” and took over the administration of the affairs of the Benevolent Institution. Afterwards the Bowmont Street Home was built, and more recently the Lome Farm was purchased, and has been very successful. The Board controls a large district, including the counties of Southland, Wallace, Lake and Stewart Island, and has to provide the funds for the Queenstown and Arrowtown hospitals. Requisitions are made each year in April, on four counties, and thirteen borough councils, to provide the necessary funds for hospitals and
has been Chairman of the Hospital and Charitable Aid Board since 1897.
, Secretary, Treasurer and Inspector to the Southland Hospital and Charitable Aid Board, was born in Dorsetshire, England, in 1873. When very young he came to New Zealand with his parents, and was educated in Invercargill and at Gore. After leaving school he gained experience in mercantile life, and was appointed to his present position in April, 1901. Mr. Day is an active member of the Anglican church, and an honorary lay reader. He was for three years a member of the Gore Rifles. Mr. Day was married, in December, 1889, to a daughter of Mr. J. Barton, of Dunedin, and has one son and one daughter.
is picturesquely situated at the north end of Dee Street, and forms a landmark for the visitor as he strolls through the municipal area of the well-laid out town of Invercargill. The buildings are divided into three main blocks, built on the pavilion plan, the northern block, which includes the hospital proper, being subdivided into male and female wards. The central block is set apart for relieving outdoor patients, and contains a well-appointed dispensary under the charge of a competent dispenser. Adjoining the dispensary is the operating-room fitted up with the latest surgical appliances. The southern block forms the residence of the medical superintendent. Situated at the rear and detached from the main buildings, are the laundry and other domestic offices, all of which are suitably provided. The buildings are connected by corridors, the wards running east and west, with double-storied verandahs carried to their full length and finished throughout in Keen's cement. The floors of the wards are wax polished and scrupulously clean, disinfected, and well-ventilated. This latter feature is characteristic of the whole establishment. The upper wards are connected by means of iron staircases, built In with concrete, of which the floors of the verandahs, offices, and kitchen are also constructed. The latrines and bathrooms are situated in the angle towers, which are detached from the main building. The first portion of the hospital was erected in 1802, and three female wards were added in 1896. Owing to the exertions of the late chairman, Mr. J. E. Watson, assisted by the liberal contributions of the citizens of Invercargill, a new wing, called the “Victoria,” has been erected at a cost of £4000, of which £2000 was raised by public subscriptions and the remainder contributed by the General Government. This new wing comprises two male wards and will accommodate thirty-two patients. There is a special fever ward at the back of the main building with accommodation for eight patients. In 1902 an outpatients' room, a consulting room, and extra bedroom accommodation were provided: and the average number of patients is forty-two. In 1903, 473 patients passed through the hospital. The present Hospital Trustees secured an area of ground from the trustees of the late Mr. J. T. Thomson, of “Lennel,” which they afterwards exchanged with the Borough Council for the Victoria Avenue. The hospital grounds are tastefully laid out, and cover nearly an acre in extent, ample scope being thus afforded for the recreation of the convalescent patients. The present staff consists of: Dr. A. Hendry (medical superintendent), Miss J. Ewart (matron), five nurses, and Mr. H. D. Smith (secretary, treasurer and dispenser). There are eleven nurses, two laundresses, a cook, kitchen and housemaid, a porter and a gardener. The work is done on the eight hours' system.
, B.A., M.B., Ch.B., who has been Medical Superintendent of the Invercargill Hospital since April, 1901, was born in 1861, in Elginshire, Scotland, where he received his primary education. He arrived at Port Chalmers by the ship “City of Dunedin” in 1877, and after studying at the University of Otago, graduated B.A. in 1887, and M.B. and Ch.B. in 1891. He was for two years with Dr. Cunningham at Port Chalmers, practised for five years at Mataura, and then returned to Port Chalmers, where he continued in practice until receiving his present appointment. During his residence at Mataura Dr. Hendry was a member of the local Borough Council for three years. He was married, in 1895, to a daughter of Mr. Robert Given, a retired contractor, at Dunedin.
. Secretary and Dispenser of the Southland Hospital at Invercargill, was born in Yorkshire, England. He came to New Zealand in 1879, and was educated at the Southland Boys' High School. Mr. Smith was apprenticed as a chemist in Invercargill, and afterwards gained further experience in Dunedin. He qualified by examination under the New Zealand Pharmacy Act in 1899, and was appointed in November of that year to his present position.
was erected in memory of the late Queen Victoria. It formally originated in a meeting held on the 17th of April, 1900, and was opened on the 12th of August in the same year. The Home is situated in Tweed Street, and was designed by Mr. C. H. Roberts, architect. It contains rooms for the matron, combined sitting rooms and bedrooms for the girls, a kitchen and laundry, a sickroom, a dormitory with six beds, a bathroom and other accommodation. The institution is supported by voluntary contributions, which are paid by inmates who are able to do so, and by the laundry. Preventive and rescue work is engaged in, and comfortable accommodation is provided for girls in need of such temporary assistance. Miss Jean MeKenzie, the matron, had three years of experience in Salvation Army rescue work, and was appointed in September, 1903. A committee of ladies has the oversight of the Home.
, often called the Old Men's Home, was erected in 1886, and is controlled by the Southland Hospital and Charitable Aid Board. It is a two storey building, containing thirty-four rooms, and stands on three; acres of land fronting Bowmont, Ythan, Crinan, and Ness Streets. There is accommodation for sixty men and twenty women; and in November, 1903, there were forty-three men and thirteen women in the home. Those of the inmates who are able to work are employed in connection with the garden. The staff consists of a master and matron and four assistants.
, who was appointed Master of the Bowmont Street Home in 1901, was born
at Ross, Herefordshire, England, in 1863, and came to Queensland in 1880. He was seven years in Queensland and
may be said to be the most important educational establishments of the district. In the beginning of 1877, the Girls' School had its first quarters in Ramsay's Hall in Tay Street. The build mg now occupied was opened in 1881 as a Girls' School, but as it was too large for girls only, it was from the first used as a boys' and girls' school. The original site was half-an-acre in extent, and an additional quarter-acre was afterwards acquired on the east side, where the Rector's residence now stands. The first High School Board was constituted in 1877, and consisted of Messrs George Lumsden (chairman), James Harvey, John Robert Cuthbertson, and Henry daggers. The chairman held his position almost continuously till his retirement in December, 1893. In the course of time additions were made to the original building, which now includes a well equipped laboratory. The Board also subsequently acquired the property adjoining the school and Rector's residence, facing Tay Street, and containing half an acre. On this side the residence of the Lady Principal stands; there are also a tennis court and pavilion, and a gymnasium, which was erected in 1902. The school building is of one storey, in brick, and has a tower surmounted with a dome. There are six class rooms, in addition to the chemical laboratory, the girls' lavatory, and the accommodation is fully in use. For many years prior to 1900, the attendance varied from sixty to eighty, including boys and girls. However, in 1000, at the suggestion of Mr. W. Macalister, then chairman of the Board of Governors, a concession was made, that pupils in the public schools who had passed the sixth standard under the age of fourteen should be admitted at half fees. This led to a large increase in the attendance. A further concession was also made of free education for two years to all primary school pupils who competed for the Education Board's scholarships and attained 60 per cent of the possible marks, but failed to secure a scholarship. The fifteen next in order of merit to the winners of the scholarships, were admitted for two years. The schools thus gained in popularity, and there was a steady increase in the attendance. At the beginning of 1903 the Government issued regulations by which all under fourteen years of age who passed the sixth standard should receive free education at High Schools so far as the parents were concerned, but the Government agreed to pay £6 per annum on account of each such pupil. Under this regulation the attendance increased from 110 to over 200. Up to the end of the year 1903 the schools were jointly conducted under the management of a Rector, but they were then separated, and now the boys' school is entrusted to the care of a Rector, Mr. T. D. Pearce, M.A. and the girls' school is conducted by Miss E. Stevenson, M.A., as Lady Principal. The Rector and Lady Principal are assisted by staffs of qualified instructors. In the first term of 1904, the numbers on the roll ware: boys, 133; girls, 114. The Board of Governors for 1904 consists of Messrs W. Macalister, B.A., L.L.B. (chairman) W. B. Scandrett (mayor of Invercargill), J. L. McGillivray Watson, A. F. Hawke, and J. C. Thomson. M.H.R. Mr. Charles Rout is Secretary and Treasurer.
, M.A., Rector of the Southland High School, was born at Caversham in 1869, and was educated at the Caversham Public School, Otago Hoys' High School, and Otago University, He graduated B.A. in 1801 and M.A. in the following year with first class honours in Latin and English. During his school course he held both junior and senior
provincial scholarships, and proceeded to the university with the Richardson scholarship. Mr. Pearce was appointed assistant-master at the Boys' High School in 1892, and in the following year became English master at Nelson College, but returned to Dunedin in 1895 to take up the duties
, M.A., Lady Principal of the Soutrhland Girls' High School, was born at Flaxton, North Canterbury. She was educated at the Flaxton public school, and at the Girls' High School, Christchurch. As dux of the Christchurch Girls' High School, she carried off first prize in every subject, and two years later took a junior University Scholarship, with third place on the honours list for New Zealand. Miss Stevenson graduated B.A. at Canterbury College, in 1892, and took her M.A., with honours in English and Latin, in the following year. While keeping terms at the University Miss Stevenson was part-time teacher at the Girls High School, Christchurch, and became an assistant teacher in 1893, after she had taken her M. A. degree. She was afterwards teacher in Mathematics and Science till September 1901, when she was appointed Headmistress of the Southland Girls' High School. In 1903 the Board of Governors decided to separate the departments for boys and girls, and Miss Stevenson thereupon became Lady Principal of the Girls' High School. Miss Stevenson was a member of the Graduates' and Science Associations of Canterbury College, and served on the committees of both societies. She was for several years secretary of the College Girls' Boating Club, and was also a member of the committee of the New Zealand Natives' Association. Miss Stevenson was one of the founders of the Old Girls' Association of the Christchurch Girls' High School, and acted as secretary till leaving Christchurch.
was constituted in May, 1878, when the district was separated from that of the Otago Board. The district comprises the counties of Lake, Wallace, Southland, Fiord, and Stewart Island, and there are 100 schools under the control of the Board. Members for 1904: Messrs John Cowie (chairman), D. Gilchrist, T. MacGibbon, G. McLeod, M.A., W. B. Scandrett, W. Macalister, B.A., L.L.B., J. C. Thomson, M.H.R., I. W. Raymond, and the Hon A. Baldev, M.L.C. Messrs J. Hendry, B.A. and G. D. Braik, M.A., are Inspectors of Schools; Mr. J. Neill, Secretary and Treasurer; Mr. W. A. McCaw, Architect
, Secretary of the Southland Board of Education, was born at Leith, Scotland, in 1851. He has acted as the Board's Secretary since 1885. Mr. Neill was married, in 1875, to a daughter of the late Mr. Edward Martin, of Milton, and has, surviving, two sons and six daughters.
, B.A., Chief Inspector of Schools for the Southland Board of Education, is a native of Morayshire, Scotland, where he was bom in 1859. He was educated at Milne's Institution, Fochabers, near Gordon Castle, Morayshire. In 1873 he emigrated with his parents to Otago by the ship “City of Dunedin.” Shortly after his arrival in Otago, he joined the service of the Otago Board of Education and for eleven years held various positions, the last being that of first assistant master of the Norma School, Dunedin. On the retirement of Mr. Gammell, in 1887, from the Southland inspectorate, Mr. Hendry was unanimously appointed to succeed him.
, Invercargill, was established in 1879, on a site which was originally part of the Park. A Government grant of an acre and a half of the land was then made to the school, and the children are allowed to use the Park lands—150 acres in extent—as a playground. The school building, which adjoins the well known avenue of shelter trees leading from Invercargill towards Gladstone, is of wood and iron, and includes live class rooms and four porches. There is accommodation for 300 children, and that was the number on the roll in 1904, when the average attendance was 270. Mr. James Hain is the headmaster, and he is assisted by a headmistress, two assistant masters, and three pupil teachers.
, First Assistant at the Park School, Invercargill, was born at Lawrence, in 1872. He was educated at the Lawrence High School, served four years as a pupil teacher, and afterwards studied at the Normal Training College, Dunedin, for a year. After a year in relieving work, Mr. Stenhouse was appointed first assistant at Mataura; two years later he became fourth assistant at the South Invercargill school, and was appointed to his present position at the Park school in 1903. Mr. Stenhouse is a member of the Southland branch of the New Zealand Educational Institute. He was married at Easter, 1903, to a daughter of Mr. Thomas MacGibbon, of Mataura.
, which was opened in 1879, is built in the ordinary style of schoolhouses. The number of scholars on the roll is 200, with an average attendance of 160. Mr. Inglis is headmaster.
, Invercargill, was formerly denominated a Grammar School, but became a primary school on the establishment of the High School. It consists of two buildings, one of brick containing seven class-rooms and the headmasters office, and a wooden building for the accommodation of the junior classes containing three rooms. The roll number of pupils is 650, with an average attendance of 600, and there is a staff of fifteen teachers.
, Headmaster of the Middle School, Invercargill, was born at Dromore, County Down, Ireland, in 1850. He arrived in Victoria, with his parents in 1856, and attended the public school at Portland, till 1864, and then entered the Portland Grammar School. In 1868, Mr. Mehaffey entered the Training College at Melbourne, and there was awarded a first class Training College certificate. He then became first assistant at Heathcote school, where he remained for one year. Afterwards he occupied a similar position at Stawell, in one of the largest schools of the colony, and there he continued till December, 1878, when he was appointed headmaster of the South School, Invercargill, where he arrived in January, 1879, to take up his new duties. Mr. Mehaffey retained the position till 1883, when he was appointed headmaster of the Middle School, and removed to his present residence in Don street. Mr. Mehaffey is well known throughout Southland as a lecturer on literary subjects. He has taken a keen interest in the cadet movement, and is major of the Southland Battalion. He was married, at the end of 1883, to a daughter of Mr. J. W. Mitchell, of Invercargill, and has four daughters and three sons.
, First Assistant Master at the Middle School. Invercargill, and at present in sole charge of a large Standard IV. class, is the eldest son of Mr. Isaac Selby, J.P., of Dunedin, and was born at Millwall, Loudon, in 1832. He was educated at Mr. G. Winchester's Preparatory School at Greenwich, and at Albion House Academy, Cardiff, Wales. Mr. Selby arrived in Dunedin in 1868, with his parents, by the ship “Schleswig Bride.” When the Education Act came into operation he entered the service of the Otago Board of Education, and after receiving a short preliminary
training at the Normal School, Dunedin, was appointed to a country school, and subsequently had charge of several rural schools. During his career of twenty-five years, Mr. Selby has proved himself a good disciplinarian and a capable and successful schoolmaster. In September, 1890, he was unanimously chosen by the Invercargill Middle School committee to succeed Mr. W. H. Clark, B.A., who wished to exchange positions with him, and who became headmaster of the Lumsden school. Mr. Selby is a member of the New Zealand Educational Institute (Southland Branch), and one of the managing committee of the Technical Classes Association. He is a member of the
, First Assistant of the girls' side at the Middle-School, Invercargill, was born at Castlemaine, Victoria. She was educated privately, and at the Middle School, Invercargill, where she afterwards served as a pupil teacher for two years. Miss Thomson was mistress at Mataura for two years, before receiving her present appointment. She has been for many years a member of the Southland branch of the New Zealand Educational Institute.
, situated in Crinan Street, is a wooden building with nine class-rooms, besides the headmaster's office, etc. The number of pupils on the roll is 724, with an average attendance of 645. A special feature of the school is the kindergarten and the gardens of the pupils, who, to the number of seventy, avail themselves of the privilege of devoting a portion of their school hours to this delightful and intellectual pursuit. The staff consists of Mr. Edmund Webber, headmaster, assisted by Messrs. John Porteous, M.A., W. H. Sebo, W. Brownlie, E. McKay, Misses Caroline McLeod, B.A., L. Joyce, J. King, and M. Ramsay, and six pupil teachers.
, Headmaster of the Invercargill South School, was born at Blackheath, Kent, and received his scholastic training at Greenwich Proprietary School and Lewisham Grammar School. He arrived in Dunedin by the ship “Countess of Kintore,” in 1807, entered the teaching profession under the Otago Education Board in 1809, and took charge of the South School, Invercargill, in 1888.
, M.A., First Assistant at the South School, Invercargill, was born in 1868, at Waitati, Otago, and was educated at the Palmerston District High School, of which his father was Rector. His education was completed at the Otago Boys' High School, and at the Otago University, where he graduated B.A. in 1892, and M.A., with, honours in Physical Science, in the following year. His teaching career commenced with a four years' pupil teachership at the Palmerston district school, and he was afterwards for four years at the Normal Training College in Dunedin, during which time he kept terms at the University, having gained an exhibition scholarship, tenable for three years. Mr. Porteous was headmaster at Thornbury for three years and a half before receiving his present appointment in 1890. He is a member of the Southland Branch of the New Zealand Educational Institute, has been Captain of the Invercargill City Guards since 1901, and was previously lieutenant for two years, and a volunteer in another corps for four years. Mr. Porteous is a member of the Invercargill Musical Union, and frequently gives his services at concerts and entertainments.
, Invercargill. This educational establishment was opened on the 1st of February, 1897. The number of pupils on the roll is 100, and the school is conducted under the Government syllabus and inspection.
, Invercargill, occupies a pleasant and convenient site, facing the beautiful public gardens of the city, and adjoining the new Roman Catholic church, in Tyne Street. The Convent is a fine two-storey wooden building surrounded by its own grounds, with large airy schoolrooms and a kindergarten. There is accommodation for about twenty resident, and one hundred day pupils. The tuition afforded embraces all the branches of a High School education, including music, drawing, plain and art needlework, painting and languages. Adjoining the High School there is a primary school, also conducted by the nuns, with accommodation for 200 children. Special attention is given to the moral training of all the pupils, and their health is carefully guarded.
, Invercargill, was originally erected about forty-four years ago. With the rapid increase of settlement grew also the wants of the parish, and in 1837 a new edifice of brick and stone was commenced, providing seating accommodation for 000 worshippers. The organ—a sweet-toned instrument—cost £250, and is presided over by Mr. Charles Gray, a musician of great ability. Additions since made to the organ cost £1000.
, B.A., Vicar of St. John's Anglican Church, Invercargill, was born in East Kent, England, in 1840, and is the eldest son of Mr. H. Stocker. He was educated at King's College, London, was a theological associate of that college, gained his B.A. degree at Trinity College, Dublin, was ordained deacon in 1868 and admitted to priest's orders in 1869 by the Bishop of Winchester. After acting as curate at Kingsclere, Hampshire, for five years, he left, for New Zealand and arrived in Christ-church in 1873. Archdeacon Stocker's first charge in the Colony was that of the Lincoln district; subsequently, he became curate of Akaroa, was appointed vicar of St. John's, Invercargill, in 1882, and eventually was made Archdeacon of Invercargill. He takes an active interest in educational and social affairs, is chaplain of the Grand Lodge of Freemasons of New Zealand, and has a similar appointment in the Invercargill City Guards.
, Invercargill, is a handsome brick building in Gothic style, erected at a cost of over £5000, and is capable of accommodating about 800 people. The foundation stone was laid on the 3rd of March, 1876, by the Rev. A. H. Stobo, minister of the First Church. Invercargill, and was opened for public worship on the 10th of December in the same year by the Rev. Dr. Salmond, of Dunedin.
, Minister of St. Paul's Presbyterian Church, was inducted into the pastoral charge in 1888, and under his ministry the church has continued to prosper. There is now a well-organised congregation of about 300 members, a fully equipped Sunday school, large Christian Endeavour Society, Band of Hope, Literary Society, and other societies all in a flourishing condition. Mr Lindsay is ably supported by an excellent staff of office-bearers.
, Invercargill, is situated in Conon Street. Services were begun in the Appleby schoolroom on the 18th of January, 1903; in May of the same year the building was removed to the present site in Conon Street, and on the 7th of June it was reopened for divine worship. In February, 1904, it was found necessary to enlarge the hall, and it will now accommodate about 320 people. There is a Sunday school with 105 scholars, in charge of fifteen teachers; and the Band of Hope has a membership of over a hundred children. Morning and evening services are held in the church every Sunday, and there is also a week-night meeting every Wednesday.
, M.A., Ph.D., Minister in charge of Knox Church, Invercargill, is a son of the Rev. Professor John Dunlop, D.D., of the Presbyterian Theological Hall, Dunedin, and was born in 1875, at Dundee, Scotland. In 1887 he arrived with his parents at Dunedin, via Australia, and studied at the Otago Boys' High School, the University of Otago, and the Theological Hall. Afterwards he visited Germany, and continued his studies for three sessions. Dr. Dunlop graduated B.A. in 1898 at the University of Otago, and M.A. with first class honours in Mental Science, in the following year. In 1903 he took the Ph.D. degree at the University of Jena with high distinction, and returned to New Zealand in September of that year. He was called to Knox Church, Invercargill, and was inducted on the 5th of January, 1904
originally included the whole of Southland, and continued to do so from its foundation, in 1863, till 1882. In that year it was divided into three parishes; namely, Invercargill, Riverton and Gore. In 1893 Winton was made a separate parish, and Riversdale and Wreys' Bush in 1900; so that now there are, in all, six parishes in Southland. The parish of Invercargill as now constituted includes the town, and extends from the Bluff to the West Plains. The church, which is known as St. Joseph's, occupies a site which has a frontage to Tyne and Eye Streets. It was erected in 1904, in the Byzantine style of architecture, and is of brick, with white stone facings. It has seating room for 700 persons, and the building, without the land, cost £6,000. It was designed by Mr. F. W. Petre, architect, of Dunedin. St. Joseph's Girls' School, the parish school, and St. Catherine's Convent adjoin the church. The original church in Invercargill was erected in 1863, and is a wooden building capable of holding 400 persons. It was named St. Mary's, and stands on half-an-acre of land, in Clyde Street. This building adjoins the old Presbytery which is now used for the Marist Brothers' school, which was founded in 1897. There are three Brothers in charge, and the pupils average 100 in number.
, V.F., has been in charge of the Invercargill parish since October, 1896. He was born in Waterford, Ireland, in 1856, was ordained in 1879, and accompanied the late Bishop Moran to Dunedin, in 1882. Dean Burke was stationed in Port Chalmers and Queenstown, successively, before his transference to Invercargill.
was erected about the year 1890. The site consists of three-quarters of an acre of land, and the church is a wood and iron building, with seating accommodation for 300 persons. This is insufficient for the requirements of the congregation, and the managers intend to make enlargements. There is a nourishing Sunday school, with 220 names on the roll, and an average attendance of 180 children, who are in the care of fifteen teachers. The parsonage is alongside the church, and is a comfortable wood and iron residence of seven rooms. The entire property is surrounded with ornamental trees.
, who is in charge of the second Primitive Methodist circuit in Invercargill, was born in Middles borough, England, in 1874. He arrived in Wellington with his parents, in 1880, by the ship “Caroline,” and was educated in that city, where he commenced to study for the ministry. He was ultimately received as a home missionary, and served in that capacity at Cheviot and on the West Coast for two years. Having been received as a probationer, he was one year in Wellington, and was stationed at Invercargill in 1897. Mr. Pybus was ordained in 1901 in Auckland. He was married, in 1903, to a daughter of the late Mr. H. G. Lister, of Invercargill, commercial traveller.
in Bowmont Street is the outcome of meetings originally held at the end of the fifties. In 1867 a visiting evangelist passed through Invercargill, but there were members prior to that date. The church was erected in 1887 on a quarter of an acre of land, and the first resident evangelist arrived in
is a substantial brick building situated in Don Street, which, though close to the business centre of the city, is so Situated as to secure the quiet and retirement regarded as essential qualities in connection with such an institution. It has been in existence since 1880, when it began on a somewhat modest scale in a building in the principal thoroughfare of the town—Dee Street. When the accommodation proved inadequate, more commodious premises were obtained in the Crescent, adjoining the handsome offices of the New Zealand Loan and Mercantile Agency Company. In 1890 it was decided that the club should obtain a habitation of its own; and a half-acre site having been procured in Don Street, the present building was erected in 1891, from designs by Messrs. McKenzie and Gilbertson. The main building is of two stories, and contains, on the ground floor a large entrance ball, to the left of which is a handsome smoking room, lighted by live windows, and on the right a comfortable writing and reading room, while a strangers' room, bar, stewards' pantry and lavatory occupy the rest of the space. A large and well-lighted billiard room of one storey, containing two tables, is connected with the main building, while card and other rooms occupy the whole of the first floor. The club is a non-residential one and has a large roll of town and country members. The property of the institution is vested in three trustees and its management is in the hands of a committee elected annually. Officers for 1904: Mr. T. C. Ellis, president; Mr. G. G. Burnes, vice-president; Mr. R. H. Rattray, honorary secretary; Mr. H. S. St. Paul, honorary treasurer; other members of the executive, Messrs J. Strouach, J. S. Gilkison, W. Henderson, A. F. Hawke, W. E, Tail, J. E. Ellis, and R. MacKinnon.
is probably the most useful and attractive institution in Invercargill. The building is architecturally a handsome one of brick, and the Dee Street front is surmounted by a colossal statue of Minerva. The four sides of the building are well exposed to view, shewing wide streets on two sides, with a public square and the post office grounds on the other sides. Although supported partly by membership subscriptions and partly by rents from endowments and from the lower floor of the building, the reading-room is free to strangers visiting the district. Subscribers number about 540. The full subscription, including the use of reading-room and library, is £1 per annum, and for the reading-room alone ten shillings, but ladies' cards for both are only ten shillings, and for youths under sixteen years of age, also ten shillings. A donation of £10 secures life membership without further fee. In the principal reading-room, which is very commodious and measures 63 × 28 feet, there are about seventy different colonial and Home papers, and over thirty magazines, besides periodicals in the ladies' reading-room; the library itself contains about 6000 volumes. There is also another apartment used as a smoking and chess room. A very good nucleus of a museum also exists, but until some improvements are made in the building this department will remain somewhat in the background. The ground floor is let as offices and shops, the reading-rooms and library being on the upper floor, but extensive additions made to the building in 1898 enabled the managers to provide another library, measuring 63 feet by 17 feet, and also additional offices on the ground floor. The institution was incorporated in 1871.
extends from the Bluff to Arrowtown, and includes eleven lodges; namely, Southern Cross, and St. John (Invercargill), Fortitude (Bluff), Mokoreta (Wyndham), Harvey (Gore), Lake of Ophir (Queenstown), Arrow Kilwinning (Arrowtown), Taringatttra (Lumsden), Winton (Winton), Aparima (Riverton), and Wallace (Otautau). Mr. W. Smith is the Grand Superintendent of the Order in the Southland district.
, Past Deputy Grand Master, Grand Superintendent of the Masonic Order for the Southland district, was born in Stirling, Scotland, in 1851. With his parents he arrived by the ship “Strath-feldsay” in 1858, and the following year the family settled in Invercargill, the sits of which was then in virgin forest and swamp. Mr. Smith attended school at the foot of Bell Hill, Dunedin, under Mr. Livingston, and was afterwards a pupil under Messrs Bethune and MacDonald, in Invercargill. He was taken from school at the age of twelve and apprenticed to the drapery trade, in which he found employment for about twenty years. He then established himself in the printing business. Mr. Smith has been connected with education as a member of the Central School committee, of which he was chairman for some years. He had twenty years of experience as a volunteer, became a good shot, and took the Championship for rifle shooting in Southland in 1893. Mr. Smith was married, in 1876, to a daughter of Mr. Walter Henderson, of Bluff, and has three sons and two daughters. He is further referred to us a general printer.
, New Zealand Constitution, has a membership of ninety, and holds its meetings on the third Friday in each month, at the Masonic Hall, of which the Lodge is part owner. Officers for 1903: Messrs T. M. Rankin, Worshipful Master; J. Walker, Immediate Past Master; W. J. Taylor, Senior Warden; G. A. Turner, Junior Warden; J. M. Aitkin, Secretary: and T. Crawley, (Past Master), Treasurer.
, who is the third son of Mr. William Rankin, of Waikiwi, the well known breeder of Ayrshire cattle, was Worshipful Master of Lodge St. John, New Zealand Constitution, in 1903. He was born at Waikiwi, was educated there, and became a watchmaker and jeweller. Mr. Rankin has long taken an interest in Freemasonry and Oddfellowship, and has gone through all the principal chairs in the Pioneer Lodge of Oddfellows. He is a member of the Southland Caledonian Society. Mr. Rankin was married, in 1897, to a daughter of Mr. F. Gilchrist, of Invercargill, and has two daughters. He is further referred to in connection with his business.
, Immediate Past Master of Lodge St. John, New Zealand Constitution, was born in Glasgow, Scotland, in 1857. He attended school in his native city, and became an ironmonger, in 1873, Mr. Walker came to Port Chalmers, with his father, by the ship “Peter Denny.” On settling in Invercargill, he found employment in pattern making and carpentering until 1891, when he joined his father in establishing the Victoria
, No. 9, New Zealand Constitution, was originally No. 997 of the English Constitution, and went over to the New Zealand Constitution in January, 1890. Meetings are held in the Masonic Hall, (of which the lodge is one of the joint owners), Forth Street, Invercargill, on the first Friday in each month. The building is of brick, one storey in height, has sittings for 150 persons, and stands on a section of a quarter of an acre of land. In 1904 the Lodge-had ninety-live members, and the officers were Messrs M. Thompson, Worshipful Master; W. Strang, Senior Warden; F. A. Steans, Junior Warden, A. E. Smith. Immediate Past Master, and Charles H. Roberts, Secretary.
, Secretary of the Southern Cross Lodge, is well known in Invercargill as an architect, and is further referred to as such in another article.
. Immediate Past Master of Lodge Southern Cross, in 1903, was born in Christchurch in 1865. He was educated at Hokitika, at private and public schools, was apprenticed as a chemist at Timaru, and has been in business in Dee Street, Invercargill, on his own account, since 1895. He was Worshipful Master of his Lodge in 1902, First Principal in the Royal Arch Chapter in the following year, and has been connected with the order since 1895. Mr. Hiskens served for five years as a member of the Invercargill Athenaeum committee, and was president of the Southland Bowling Club in 1902. He was married, in 1892, to a daughter of the late Mr. R. S. Borne, of Invercargill.
, Past Master of Lodge Southern Cross, New Zealand Constitution, was born in Dumfries-shire, Scotland, in 1865, and, having arrived with his parents in Port Chalmers in 1870, was educated in the Tuapeka district. He was apprenticed in Lawrence, and became a partner in the firm of Messrs Wohlers and Porter, in 1887. On the dissolution of that firm in 1893, he commenced business on his own account in Invercargill. Mr. Porter takes an interest in local affairs. Is a member of the Southland Bowling Club, of which he was president in 1903, and occupied a similar position in connection with the Pirates' Football Club. He was married, in 1892, to a daughter of Mr. S. Stanford, of Lumsden, and has three daughters and one son.
, who served as Provincial Grand Master of the Order of Oddfellows, at Invercargill, in 1900, was born in Glasgow, Scotland, in 1844. In 1853 he arrived in Victoria With his parents, and, after attending school, was brought up to the grocery trade in Bendigo. In 1861 he was at the Gabriel's Gully rush, and drove the fourth waggon that travelled from Dunedin to the Dunstan. On his return from that trip, he sold his team, and was employed in Dunedin as a carter for two years. He was afterwards gold mining at Macrae's Flat and other diggings. For seven years subsequently Mr. Todd was engaged in country pursuits at Lower Waipori, and followed a similar life for fifteen years in the Upper Waipori and Mosgiel districts, and had a short experience in prospecting for gold at Mount Pegasus. He then removed to Wellington, and was for six years engaged in the grocery trade in Lambton Quay. In 1890 he returned to Southland and was on a farm at Waipapa for sometime, and subsequently at Ryal Bush, for eighteen months. In 1892 he joined the railway service at Invercargill. and has since then been employed in that way. Mr. Todd joined the Order of Oddfellows at Bendigo, and in 1859 he brought his clearance to Dunedin, and was afterwards a member of the Upper Waipori
, No. 4913, Independent Order of Oddfellows. Manchester Unity. This Lodge, which was established in 1863, has a membership of 350, and the accumulated funds amount to £10,000. Meetings are held at the Oddfellows' Hall in Tay Street. This hall, which is the property of the Lodge, is a wooden building erected some years ago, and has seating accommodatiom for 200 people. The officers of the Lodge for 1903 were: W. Stevenson, Noble Grand: A. Ball, Vice-Grand; E. Miller, Grand Master; A. Smith, Warden; T. W. Walker, Permanent Secretary; and G. F. Menzies, Elective Secretary.
, Secretary of the Shamrock, Rose and Thistle Lodge, is well-known in Invercargill as accountant to the Borough Council.
, No. 27, Independent Order of Rechabites, was established in 1877, and now has a membership of 140. The meetings are held fortnightly in the Temperance Hall. Esk Street. The officers for 1903 were: Messrs W. Stead, District Chief Ruler; J. L. Lennie, Last Chief Ruler; J. Stewart. Chief Ruler; W. Ashley, District Ruler; W. Strang, Treasurer: J. Hensley, Secretary: and Messrs J. Lennie, H. Cooper, and W. Stead, Trustees.
was founded in 1896, and registered under the Unclassified Societies Act in 1903. The membership is about 120, and an annual sports gathering is held on Boxing Day on the Society's own ground of nine acres and a half at Clifton. The prize money in 1903 amounted to £170, and in the same year £120 was expended on the grounds, which are used also for football and cricket, and the public is allowed to use them, for recreation purposes, picnics, etc. It is intended to erect a grand stand and hall on the grounds.
, Secretary of the Society, is also Manager of the Milk Supply Department of the Invercargill Dairy Supply Company. He was born at Longhush, in 1867, educated there, and brought up to farming. After twelve months spent in farming in the Catlin's district, he went to Australia and Tasmania, where he engaged in mining for some time. While he was in Tasmania, he and four others found the North Hazelwood Silver Mine, which was floated in Melbourne into 100,000 £1 shares, of which the discoverers received one-fourth, fully paid up. On returning to New Zealand he spent some time in mining at Preservation Inlet, with his brother, Mr. G. Holloway. Subsequently he started dairying at Clifton, and received his present position with the Dairy Supply Company in 1903. Mr. Holloway has taken a prominent part in athletics, both in Australia and New Zealand, and for six or seven years won prizes in rowing, running, jumping, hammer-throwing, stone-putting and dancing. In 1899 he married a daughter of Mr. W. Couling, of Chipping Norton, Oxford, England, and has one son and one daughter.
was established in 1893, and has 300 members. Officers for 1901: Mr. A. F. Hawke, president; Messrs A. E. Smith. W. D. Ross, J. G. Petrie, D. A. Mitchell, and C. Dykes, vice-presidents. Mr. A. A. Paape is secretary. A carnival was held in June of this year, when the sum of £500 was made and transferred to the Club's credit. Up-to-date club rooms are provided for Club meetings, and the revenue from these rooms pays expenses and leaves a fair margin of profit annually.
was established in 1889, when the first races were held on the racecourse reserve at Myross Bush. The present racecourse is on the East Road, two miles out of Invercargill. it is a property of 121 acres, and was acquired in September, 1892. When purchased it was in its primitive condition, and about £1,400 has been expended in draining and otherwise improving the property. There is a steeplechase course, which is a little over a mile in length, besides a racecourse and training park. A grand stand, with seating accommodation for 500 persons, and a shelter shed with accommodation for 100 horses, have been erected on the property. Beneath the grand stand there is a commodious luncheon room, with the ladies' room, and the secretary's office. Two meetings are held in the year, at New Year and Easter time, respectively, and the stakes usually amount to £200. Officers for 1901: Mr. W. B. Mitchell, president; Messrs J. Ritchie and H Bastings, vice-presidents; Mr. T. W. Hazlett, honorary treasurer; Mr. H. S. S. Kyle, honorary veterinary surgeon; and Mr. B. Clark, secretary. There are about 100 members.
is one of the oldest institutions in the district, and dates from 1868. The annual sports take place in Queen's Park, Invercargill, on New Year's Day, and, on an average, £250 is distributed in prize money. Between 11.30 a.m. and 4.30 p.m. on that day, numerous and various competitions are held and decided, and the prize money is paid over on the ground. The sports are very popular with Southlanders. and are sometimes witnessed by as many as 8000 persons. On the 1st of January, 1903, £325 was taken in gate money, and the total turnover for the year ending August, 1903. was £550. In addition to arranging and carrying out its sports, the Society encourages education by occasionally providing entertainments, and assists charitable and other local interests. The Society is under the management of a board of twenty-five directors with a president, treasurer and secretary. The officers for 1903 were Messrs W. B. Mitchell (president), D. A Mitchell (treasurer), and J. McGregor (secretary).
dates from the 7th of September, 1863, when its council held its first meeting. Mr. John Turnbull is president; the Hon. H. Feldwick and Mr. R. McKinnon, vice-presidents; and Mr. E. Russell acts as secretary and treasurer. The Society has jurisdiction
has its head quarters in Invercargill, and was formed in the year 1867 by a few of the leading townsmen and agriculturists in the district; and the first show was held on the 19th of December in that year in an enclosure commonly known in those days as the “Union Bank” paddock which was lent for the occasion. The show was a very successful one, and the quality of some of the stock exhibited on that occasion was equal to the best that can be seen to-day in any show ground in New Zealand, Indeed, a veteran settler and judge of stock in the early days maintains, that the stock shown thirty-five years ago was better than now, that it was more adapted to its surroundings, and that the natural pasture was more abundant and nutritive, and in proof of his assertion, he refers to the fact, that at one of the early shows the first and second prize fat bullocks, each scaled over 1,400 lbs., dressed weight, with only 64 lbs. between them. The president of the society at its initiation was Mr. Robert Hamilton, one of the New Zealand and Australian Land Company's managers. The vice-president was Mr. Wm. Cochrane, of Messrs. Cochrane, Grainger and Blackwood, merchants, Invercargill; the treasurer Mr. John Dalgliesh, manager of the Bank of Otago; and the secretary Mr. J. J. Ham, of the “Southland Times.” Along with these gentlemen, many other leading settlers were associated, among them being the Hon. J. A. R. Menzies, M.L.C., Superintendent of the Province of Southland, John Morton, John Russell, Thomas Cumming, Thomas Hamilton, Hugh McLean, Alex. McNab, Captain McCallum, and others, who have joined the majority; while of those who took a leading part in forming the society and who still reside in the district, may be mentioned: Messrs J. B. Sutton, Daniel Sinclair, A. A. McDonald, William Waddell, John McIntosh and others. The association has enjoyed a continuous career of useful progress since its foundation in 1867, and has held annual shows ever since that date. The second show in 1868, was held in a five acre paddock forming part of the town belt, which the association had enclosed and fitted up with all the conveniences necessary for the effective display of stock, at an outlay of £800. In fact the enclosure was at that time justly regarded by visitors from all parts of the Colony as a model show ground. Some years later the association's exhibitions were removed to a more commodious enclosure, forming a portion of the public park at the northern boundary of the town, and hero they still continue to be held, only the ground has recently been enlarged, and now embraces an area of about sixteen acres. The laud is leasehold, and is held on favourable terms, at a nominal rental for a long term, by the Agricultural Association, in conjunction with the Caledonian and Irish Athletic societies, whose sports are also held there. The ground is naturally well adapted for show purposes, and has of late years been considerably improved by the erection of a large fenced ring, where draught and light horses can both be judged at the same time, and where the jumping and driving competitions are held; rows of neat stalls for the accommodation of quiet cattle, and a couple of rings for judging them; loose boxes for stallions, pens for mares and foals; commodious
, who was born in Campbelltown. Argyieshire, Scotland, in 1810, is the eldest son of Mr. John Gilkison, merchant, and was educated at the Campbelltown Grammar School, and at Howwood, Renfrewshire. Leaving his native land in 1861, he accompanied his grand-parents to New Zealand in the ship “Aboukir,” which landed at Port Chalmers. Mr. Gilkison, settling in Southland, commenced farming at Waianiwa, where he lived for sixteen years, till he joined the firm of Fleming and Gilkison in 1879. He takes an active interest in the general welfare of the district, especially in the Southland Agricultural and Pastoral Society, in which he has held the office of president. Mr. Gilkison married Miss Jeanie Fleming, daughter of Mr. Thomas Fleming, of Rakahouka, in 1873, and has six children.
, formerly known as the Southland Pipe Band, has a strength of twenty playing members. In 1897, Mr. Kenneth Cameron, then secretary of the Highland Society of Southland, with some other compatriots, set on foot the movement which ended in the establishment of the Pipe Band. Mr. Cameron's proposal was so well received that, in twelve months after it had been made, the Pipe Band was a fully-equipped musical body, with twenty-three members. Its outfit cost £650; namely, uniforms, £370, bagpipes £240, and drums, £40. The bagpipes—sixteen sets—were specially made by the famous pipemaker, Duncan Macdougall, of Aberfeldy, Scotland, and cost £16 each. The tartan worn by the band is the famous Royal Stewart; it was manufactured by the Mosgiel Woollen Company, and made up into plaids and kilts at the New Zealand Clothing Factory, which also made up the band's sporrans, belts hose, spats, claymores, dirks, skeansdhu, glengarries and feathers, brooches, crests, and tunics. The most conspicuous of the silver mountings is the specially designed crest, which is a St. Andrew's Cross surmounted by the Scottish lion rampant, the whole encircled by a wreath of New Zealand ferns. Mr. J. McGregor is drum-major, and Mr. G. Anderson, sergeant and acting pipe-major.
was formed in 1904, as the outcome of a wish on the part of citizens to have in the town a hand which could be looked upon as more purely a citizens' band than the Garrison Band, controlled as the latter was by the military authorities.
, the recently appointed conductor of the Invercargill Municipal Band, is an employee of the Invercargill Corporation. He was born at Nelson in 1866, but was educated in Invercargill, where he learned his trade as a plumber and followed it until he received his present appointment with the Corporation in 1888. Mr. Glennie's musical experience goes back about twenty years to the time when he entered the flute band in Invercargill. He then entered—as a cornet player—the reed and brass band, and joined the Garrison Band in 1896 as leader; a position held by him until the formation of the Municipal Band in 1904. Mr. Glennie has competed at a large number of band contests. In 1897 he won the cornet championship of Australasia at Melbourne, and he also won the New Zealand championship at Oamaru the same year, and had previously won it at Invercargill in 1894. He was second in the cornet championship of New Zealand in 1895 at Timaru, and in 1896 at Dunedin. Mr. Glennie was solo cornet in the New Zealand band which went Home in 1903. He is a member of the Invercargill Orchestral Union. Since 1882 he has been a volunteer and a member, respectively, of the Invercargill Rifles, G Mattery, and City Guards. Mr. Glennie has for some years been a member of the Invercargill Fire Brigade, in connection with which he holds trophies. Between the ages of sixteen and twenty-two he competed with great success as a professional runner and jumper, and took a large number of prizes. Mr. Glennie was married, in 1888, to a daughter of the late Mr. R. Marshall, sawmiller, Glenomarn, and has four sons and two daughters.
, Professor of Music, Esk Street, Invercargill. Private residence, Jed Street. Mr. Gray arrived in Invercargill, in 1885, from London, where he was born and received
, Teacher of Music, formerly of Invercargill. This lady is a daughter of Mr. T. Lack, professor of music, Dunedin. She studied the pianoforte under Mr. Joseph Moss, and the violin under her father and several professors who visited the city. Mrs Wood was leader of the Invercargill Orchestral Society, and accompaniste at leading concerts. She was trained in voice-production and singing by Signor Carmini Morley.
(Henry Feldwick and John Feldwick, proprietors), Dee Street, Invercargill. This journal made its first appearance on the 16th of February, 1861, under the proprietorship of the late Messrs George Smallfield and James Walker Bain. Its original title was “The Southern News and Foveaux Straits Herald,” and as such it was published weekly until the 26th of April, 1862, when the name was changed to the present title. The paper was still at first published twice weekly, but in the latter end of 1862 it became a triweekly journal. In the meantime Messrs Harnett and Company had become its owners. The “News” had its ups and downs, in the vicissitudes of Invercargill and Southland in the early days, and from Harnett and Co. it passed into the hands of Mr. William Craig and Mr. Robert Gilmour. Up to the end of March, 1876, it was issued three times a week, but in that year Mr. Henry Feldwick joined Mr. Craig, who had previously bought Mr. Gilmour's interest, and the “News” then became a daily evening paper. In May, 1877, Mr. Craig went out of the business, and Mr. John Feldwick entered into partnership with his brother, Mr. H. Feldwick. The office in Dee Street, is a brick building of one storey, and is lighted from the roof. The plant includes a sixteen horse power, a six horse power, and three and a-half horse power gas engines; Dawson two-feeder and single-feeder printing machines, also three linotype machines. The “News' is issued at 3.30 in the afternoon. It has four pages with nine columns on each page. Its politics are Liberal. The “News” is circulated throughout Southland, and is despatched in a dozen directions by the afternoon trains. As early as 1861, it was found necessary, in the interest of distant country residents, to issue a weekly journal, which is named the “Southlander,” and is published every Friday morning.
(Robert Joyce Gilmour, David John Gilmour and Douglas Gordon Gilmour trading as Robert Gilmour and Sons, proprietors), Esk Street, Invercargill. This well-known journal was founded in 1862, by Mr. C. G. Fitzgerald, in partnership with a Mr. Downes and others. Early in 1864, the paper's premises, were destroyed by fire, but it soon found another domicile. Mr. George Fisher, afterwards member of Parliament for Wellington, was the first foreman in charge. After the “Times” had become a triweekly it passed into the hands of the late Mr. J. W. Pain, who conducted it successfully till 1878, when the premises were again destroyed by fire. Soon afterwards several leading men in the town formed the Southland Times Company, and carried on the paper until it was purchased in 1896 by the late Mr. Robert Gilmour, who took his three sons into partnership in 1902. The present office in Esk Street was first entered in 1887. It was then a single-storey building, but a second storey was added at a later date. The whole building is in brick, and measures 32 by 100 feet. The public office, the private office of the proprietors, the machinery rooms and paper store are on the ground floor, and editorial rooms, jobbing composing and type-setting rooms are on the next floor. The plant includes a new Kelly two-feeder printing machine, and a new Kelly Wharfedale machine, besides a cylinder jobbing machine. There are also three modern type setting machines. The plaid is complete in every respect, not only for newspaper, but also for jobbing, work The “Times” prints four pages daily, with eight pages on Saturday, and there are nine columns, each twenty-five inches long on each page. A weekly paper known its the “Weekly Times,” contains forty pages, and is issued every Friday. The “Southland Times” receives first class Press Association service messages and is represented by a member of its own staff at all sessions of Parliament. It also maintains a well-organised staff of country correspondents, besides special writers for the various columns of sports and pastimes. Among the notable men who have been editors of the “Southland Times” may be mentioned Mr. Rous Martin. Mr. J. R. Cuthbertson. sometime member of Parliament. Mr. Thomas Denniston, father of Judge Denniston, Mr. George Smales Searle, afterwards for a time Secretary of the Bluff Harbour Board, Mr. John Chanticy Harris, and Mr. Robert Gilmour. The present proprietors have grown up in connection with the business, and each takes an active interest in the conduct of the paper.
, sometime Proprietor and Editor of the “Southland Times,” was the son of a Scottish farmer, and was born in 1831. He landed in Auckland, in 1850, but soon afterwards removed to Hawke's
had a long connection with the “Southland Times,” first in the middle seventies when he was temporarily editor; then from 1879 till May, 1885, during which he was continuously editor; and afterwards for many years, sometimes as an occasional, sometimes as a frequent, contributor. He also held a proprietary interest in the paper for a number of years, before it was bought by his friend, the late Mr. Robert Gilmour, whose sons are now its owners. Mr. Denniston was born at Greenock, Scotland, on the 28th of March, 1821. His parents died while he was quite young, and he was brought up by his uncle, Mr. Thomas Farrie, of the well known sugar refining firm of Greenock, Liverpool and London. He attended the primary and high schools of his native town, and was for some years a student of Glasgow University. However, he did not graduate, as it had been decided that he should devote himself to a commercial life, and on leaving college he entered business in Glasgow as a sugar merchant in partnership with Mr. Bruce Richardson. Mr. Denniston married early in life, and in 1862, some years after the death of his wife, he gave up business on account of ill health, and sailed for New Zealand. He landed at Dunedin, but almost immediately removed to Southland, where he bought about 500 acres of land at Oteramika, and acquired an interest in the Hillend sheep run, above Centre Hush. Mr. Denniston returned to the Old Country at the end of 1864, but came back to New Zealand in January, 1867, and ever after continued to live in the colony, chiefly in Southland, in the affairs of which, in town and country, he ever took a sympathetic interest. He was for a number of years a number of the Southland Land Board, Southland Board of Education, president of the Teachers' Institute, one of the Otago School Commissioners, and was also a Justice of the Peace to the close of his life. Mr. Denniston once stood for the representation of Mataura in Parliament, in opposition to Sir Francis Dillon Bell, but without success; and though he was asked to stand on several other occasions for other constituencies, he preferred to keep outside the actual arena of politics in which, however, as a citizen and a journalist, he took a very keen interest. Mr. Denniston established the Mataura paper mills, at a loss to himself and to those who were commercially associated with him in the undertaking; but the industry has since proved successful, and its establishment, thirty years ago, was a proof of enterprise in its founder. Mr. Denniston died on Tuesday, the 14th of September, 1898, at Fendalton, Christchurch, where he had been living with his eldest son, Judge Denniston. Two days after his death it was well said of him by his own old paper, the “Southland Times” that “he was a man of warm temperament, of most scrupulous honour, generous to a degree, a firm friend, and courteous with the chivalry of a past age. His conscientiousness in the minutest particular was conspicuous in the discharge of every duty imposed or Undertaken, and his readiness to lend his aid to any laudable purpose kept him generally fully occupied when he might have been enjoying needed repose.” Another of his former fellow workers spoke of him as a man of wide reading, and of fine taste in literature; a man whose opinions, though partly the result of early social environment, were still more largely the product of convictions arrived at through a process of conscientious reasoning. He could fight, and he did fight for his party and principles, but he fought like a master swordsman, without fuss and without fury, and always with a remembrance that, after all, his adversaries were, like himself, human. Of him it could with truth be said—
He was a scholar, and a ripe and good one.
Exceeding wise, fair spoken, and persuading; and young journalists who had the advantage of his companionship must have found him valuable as a guide and teacher in mental urbanity and purity of diction, and as a discloser of what was beautiful in the realm of literature.”
, for some time editor of the “Southland Times,” was born at Saffron Walden, Essex, England, on the 27th of January, 1823. He received a good education, chiefly with a view to commercial life, but his own personal sympathies leant mainly to intellectual interests and mental culture; a characteristic which was shared by some of his brothers, one of whom, the Rev. Charles Searle, D.D., was Master of Pembroke College, Cambridge, for twenty-one years. Mr. Searle arrived in Victoria, in 1851, soon after the first discovery of gold in that country. Like most new arrivals, he went straight to the goldfields, and was for a few months at Forest Creek. He, however, soon returned to Melbourne, where he was in business for a few years, and then revisited the Old Country, with the lady who in the meantime had become his wife. On returning to Victoria in 1856, Mr. Searle again went into business, but soon afterwards became connected with the press, of which he had had some experience, before his first departure from England, as a contributor to the “Westminster Review,” “Pall Mall Gazette,” and other periodicals and journals. His first editorship in Victoria was that of the “Ovens and Murray Advertiser,” at Beechworth, where he brought out a paper of his own in 1867. Mr. Searle subsequently went to Wangaratta, and became editor and part proprietor of the “Wangaratta Dispatch,” and afterwards owner of the “Wangaratta Star.” From Wangaratta he removed to Melbourne, where he wrote leading articles for the “Argus,” and other newspapers. While thus employed he was engaged by Mr. J. W. Bain to edit the “Southland Times,” and did so until he became Secretary of the Bluff Harbour Board, an office which he held for a number of years. He subsequently left Invercargill, and for a time resided with his family in Christchurch, where he wrote for the press of that city, and in various towns throughout the colony. From Christchurch Mr. Searle removed to Wellington, where he edited the “New Zealand Times” for a year; and, with one short intervening absence, he continued to reside there up to the time of his death, which occurred on the 16th of June, 1885. He was survived by his wife and three daughters, his eldest daughter and only son having predeceased him.
is a weekly newspaper, published on Saturdays. It contains sixty-four columns, evenly divided between reading matter and advertisements. In politics it is independent, with Liberal tendencies. It is the property of Messrs J. Ward and Co., and has its office in Esk Street.
building is also used for the sittings of the District Court and the Stipendiary Magistrate's Court. The building is of two stories and stands in Tay Street. The Supreme Court room is on the first floor of the building, and quarterly sittings in civil and criminal jurisdiction are held by Mr. Justice Williams. The District Court, which sits every two months, also holds its sittings in the Supreme Court room, under Judge Ward. The-Magistrates' Court is on the ground floor of the building, together with the offices of the Magistrate, of the Registrar of the Supreme Court, and Clerk of the District Court, and Magistrate's Court, and the bailiff's room. Mr. S. E. McCarthy is Stipendiary Magistrate and Warden, Mr. J. R. Colyer, Registrar and Clerk. Mr. H. J. Dixon, Deputy Registrar, and Mr. A. Brandford, Bailiff.
, Registrar of the Supreme Court, Clerk of the District and Stipendiary Magistrate's Courts, and of the Licensing Committee, Returning Officer and Sheriff, is an able and courteous officer. He was born at Beaufort, Victoria, in 1856, and was educated at the Church of England Grammar School, Melbourne, and in Invercargill. At an early age he came to Invercargill with his father, the late Mr. James Colyer, who was one of the pioneer settlers of Southland. Mr. Colyer subsequently visited America, and remained in that country three years, during which he followed various occupations. In 1879 he joined the Department of Justice as assistant clerk of the Magistrate's Court, Invercargill, and in 1884 was transferred to Ashburton, as clerk of the District and Magistrate's Court; these positions he filled for thirteen years, and was then reappointed to Invercargill. During his term of service, Mr. Colyer has been presented on two occasions with a purse of sovereigns. Before leaving America in 1879 he married Miss Vaughn, who was connected with the old Virginian and Kentucky families. This lady died some years afterwards in New Zealand, and Mr. Colyer subsequently married Mrs Prichard, relict of Mr. L. E. Prichard, of Hawera.
(W. Y. H. Hall. W. A. Stout, and J. F. Lillicrap), Barristers and Solicitors, Esk Street, Invercargill. This firm was formed in 1901, by the union of the businesses carried on by Mr. W. Y. H. Hall for many years, and that carried on by Messrs Stout and Lillicrap since 1898.
, Barrister and Solicitor, and Notary Public, Esk Street, Invercargill. Mr. Harvey was educated at Circus Place, High School, and University of Edinburgh, and studied law with the firm of Messrs. Morton, Whitehead and Gray, Writers to Her Majesty's Signet, Edinburgh. After passing his examination, he left for New Zealand and was admitted to practice in the Colony in 1861, by Chief Justice Sir George Arney. Mr. Harvey practised in Auckland until July, 1802, when he left for the south, where a month later he founded his present business in Invercargill. Mr. Harvey, who is a Fellow of the Royal Geographical Society, was at one time Provincial Solicitor of the province of Southland, and was the first Commanding Officer of the Southland Volunteer district.
, Barrister and Solicitor, Esk Street, Invercargill.
(Thomas Morell Macdonald, Herbert Alexander Macdonald and Arnold Morell Macdonald), Barristers and Solicitors, Esk Street, Invercargill. Agents: London, Messrs Murray, Hutchins and Stirling, 11 Birchin Lane, E.C.; Melbourne, Messrs, Blake and Riggall, 120 William Street. Mr. T. M. Macdonald was admitted a barrister and solieitor in Auckland on the 29th of May, 1861, having served articles with Mr. (afterwards Sir) Frederick Whitaker. He commenceed practice in Invercargill in the year 1862, and was joined by Mr. William Russell, with whom he continued in partnership for several years. Mr. Macdonald acted as solicitor for the Provincial Government of Southland, and at the present time holds the appointment of Crown Solicitor for the Southland district. Mr. H. A. Macdonald was admitted in Invercargill as a barrister and solicitor on the 13th of August, 1889, and became a partner in the firm on the 14th of November, 1892. Mr. A. M. Macdonald, who was admitted as a solicitor of the Supreme Court on the 28th of June, 1898, joined the firm as a partner on the 2nd of April, 1900.
, Barrister and Solicitor, Esk Street, Invercargill. In 1886 Mr. Maealister was admitted a barrister and solicitor of the Supreme Court of New Zealand. He has since practised his profession in the town of Invercargill, where he served his articles. Mr. Macalister's brother, Mr. Wm. Macalister, B.A., LL.B., is joined with him in business.
, B.A. LL.B., Barrister and Solicitor, Esk Street, Invercargill. Mr. Rattray was born in Auckland in 1858, and completed his education at the Auckland College and Grammar School. He took his B.A. degree in 1878 and LL.B. degree in 1880, was admitted to the Supreme Court by late Judge Richmond, and in 1880 commenced practice in Invercargill in conjunction with Mr. P. T. Finn, a Victorian barrister. The partnership continued until 1889. when Mr. Rattray purchased his partner's interest, and has since continued for himself.
, Barrister and Solicitor, Esk Street, Invercargill. Bankers, the Bank of New South Wales. Mr. Raymond, who was Born in Invercargill, on the 16th of January. 1867, is a son of Captain John William Raymond, sometime of the Avondale estate. Southland, Before studying for his profession, Mr. Raymond was employed as a clerk in the office of the British and New Zealand Mortgage and Agency Company, Limited. His knowledge of law was acquired in the offices of Messrs Finn and Rattray and Robert Manisty, barristers and solicitors, of Invercargill. He duly passed his barristers' law examination, and was admitted a solicitor of the Supreme Court on the 26th of June, 1890, before His Honour Mr. Justice Williams, at Invercargill. In September, 1891, he commenced to practise as a solicitor in Invercargill.
(late McNab and Watson), Barrister and Solicitor, Esk Street, Invercargill. The firm of McNab and Watson was founded in 1890, but Mr. Watson has carried on the practice singly since 1896. Mr. Watson is solicitor in Invercargill for the Bank of New South Wales, and for some well-known firms and companies. He was born at Invercargill, in 1864, and is a son of the late Mr. Thomas Watson, for many years manager at Invercargill of the Bank of New Zealand. Mr. Watson was educated at Invercargill, and at the Otago High School. Dunedin. He was articled to Mr. T. M. Macdonald, of Invercargill, Crown Prosecutor, and admitted to the Bar by Mr. Justice Williams in 1888. Mr. Watson is a member of the Board of Governors of the Southland Boys' and Girls' High School. As a Freemason he is attached to Lodge Southern Cross.
, B.A. M.B., Ch.B., L.H.C.P. and S., Physician and Surgeon. Spey Street, Invercargill. Dr. Baird was born at Hampden, Otago, and was educated at the Southland Girls' High School. She graduated B.A. at the University of Otago, in 1897, studied at Glasgow for her medical degrees, held several appointments in that city, and returned to the colony in 1903, when she commenced to practise in Invercargill.
, B.A. (N.Z.), M.B., C.M. (Edin.), Medical Practitioner, Spey Street, Invercargill. Dr. Fullarton was born in Southland, and was educated at the High Schools in Invercargill and Dunedin, subsequently attending the Otago University, where he graduated B.A. in 1890. He commenced his medical studies at the Otago University, and in 1890 went to Edinburgh to complete them, graduating in 1892. After taking his degree, Dr. Fullarton held the position of house-surgeon at the London Temperance Hospital, and afterwards filled a similar position at the York County Hospital. At the end of 1893 he returned to Invercargill and commenced his present practice. Dr. Fullarton is surgeon to the various friendly societies in Invercargill, and also holds the appointment of surgeon-captain of the Southland Mounted Rifle Volunteer Corps.
, L.R.-C.S. and L.M., Edin., Physician and Surgeon, Forth and Tay Streets, Invercargill. Dr. Grigor was born at Cromarty, Scotland, in 1838. He studied for the medical profession, and took his diplomas in 1859, arrived at Port Chalmers by the ship “Lady Egidia,” and settled in Invercargill in 1861. Dr. Grigor was one of the trustees of the Invercargill Borough Council Sinking Fund while it was in operation. He is vice-president of the Savings Bank, and one of the directors of the Southland Building Society. Dr. Grigor was married, in 1864, to a daughter of the late Mr. James Kay, of Glasgow, and has, surviving, two daughters and one son.
, M.R.C.S. (Eng.), L.R.C.P. (Lond.), Physician and Surgeon, Don Street, Invercargill. Dr. Hogg received his education at the Otago Boys' High School, and afterwards studied medicine at the Otago University, where he gained the degrees of Bachelor of Medicine and surgery in 1890. He proceeded to England and entered Middlesex Hospital, London, in 1891, obtained his diplomas of M.R.C.S. (Eng.), and L.R.C.P. (Lond.), in 1892. On returning to the Colony, he acted as senior house surgeon in the Dunedin Hospital in 1893, and has been in general practice in Invercargill since 1894.
, M.D., C.M., R.U.I., Physician and Surgeon, Don Street, Invercargill. Dr. Young was born at Innishargie House, County Down, Ireland, in 1856, and is the fifth son of Mr. Robert O. Young. He was educated at the Royal Academical Institution and Queen's College, Belfast, and qualified for his profession at the Royal College of Surgeons, Dublin. He commenced practice in County Down in 1878, but left his native land in June, 1879, in the ship “Calypso” (afterwards lost) for New Zealand. In February, 1880, Dr. Young was appointed medical superintendent of the Wallace and Fiord Hospital, Riverton, and retained that post until 1885, when he moved to the Auckland Asylum in a similar capacity, his brother, Dr. Alexander Young, having preceded him at that institution. Dr. Young soon after resigned in consequence of the General Government refusing to vote the necessary funds to put the institution in proper working order—the condition on which he had accepted the appointment—the accommodation being inadequate to meet the increasing number of patients. His resignation was persisted in against the wishes of the head of the department, and Dr. Young then settled in Invercargill, in 1887, where he continues the practice of his profession.
, Patent Medicine Proprietor, Esk Street, Invercargill. Mr. Scott was born in 1833, in Edinburgh, Scotland, and after leaving school learned the trade of a rope maker. He came to the Bluff by the ship “Sir William Eyre,” and commenced business as a rope and twine manufacturer from New Zealand flax. He had hand-spinning machinery at Puni Creek, and was the first to enter into this line of business in Southland. At the Dunedin exhibition in 1865 Mr. Scott exhibited raw material, and manufactured flax and ropes, and received an honourable mention; and at the Melbourne exhibition in 1867, he took the only medal granted for such exhibits. About 1879 he retired from the business and established a new line of patent medicines which he calls “New Zealand Flax Remedies,” with which he has been very successful. Mr. Scott served as a volunteer in the City of Edinburgh Rifles, and was for sixteen years a member of the Invercargill Rifles. He was married, in 1856, to a daughter of the late Mr. Andrew White, of Edinburgh. His wife died in 1898, leaving three daughters and one son.
(John Arthur, manager), Southland Branch, Dee Street, Invercargill: Head office, Auckland. The Southland branch of this institute was opened in 1880, and the premises, which occupy the first floor of a brick building, are fitted with all the necessary surgical appliances; and there is also a waiting-room and workroom.
, manager of the Southland branch of the London Dental Institute, was born in 1879, at Invercargill, where he attended school. He studied for his profession at Invercargill, became registered as a dentist, and was appointed to his present position in 1902.
, Surgeon Dentist, Spey Street, Invercargill. This practice was originally founded by Mr. Deck in the sixties, subsequently conducted by Mr. Thompson, and was carried on for about nine years prior to 1899 by Mr. R. J. B. Yule, who was succeeded in the ownership by Mr. Wilson, the present proprietor. Mr. Wilson's rooms are centrally situated on the ground floor of a large building, and contain a waiting room, an office, workrooms, and two surgeries, with a complete equipment of
the best modern instruments and appliances. Mr. Wilson is assisted by a qualified lady dentist, Miss Amy Johnston, who was the second lady to
was born at Greymouth, and was educated at the Greymouth High School. She was articled to Mr. Wilson, in Blenheim, for three years, and passed the dental examination at Dunedin on the 13th of October, 1896. For some time afterwards she managed Mr. Wilson's business at Blenheim, and is now his assistant at Invercargill.
(Joseph John Hiskens), Chemists and Druggists, Dee Street, Invercargill. This business was conducted, prior to 1895, by the late Mr. C. H. Macalister, whose name it still bears. In that year it was acquired by the present proprietor. Mr. Hiskens passed his examinations as a chemist in 1890, and had held a position as manager before purchasing his present business. He makes a specialty of sight-testing. The premises form part of a two-storey stone building, and contain a shop and consulting room. Mr. Hiskens is further referred to as a Freemason, prominently connected with Lodge Southern Cross.
, has its Southland branch in Tay Street, Invercargill. The Bank's handsome and commodious premises are in the Grecian style of architecture with Corinthian and Tuscan pillars, and were erected in 1879 at a cost of over £5000. They contain ample accommodation for conducting the business, with private quarters for the resident manager. The banking chamber is 30 feet by 30 feet, lofty, well ventilated and well lighted; the floor is tiled and the office fittings are of cedar, presenting a handsome and substantial appearance.
, Manager of the Union Bank at Invercargill, was born at Kilmore, Victoria, in 1862. He joined the bank at Oamaru in 1877, was accountant at Napier in 1887, assisting and relieving officer in Wellington in 1892, in charge of the Oamaru branch in 1893, and was appointed manager at Invercargill in 1894. Mr. Bicknell was married, in 1900, to a daughter of the late Mr. J. T. Thomson, of “Lennel,” Invercargill.
, at Invercargill, occupies a prominent site at the corner of Tay and Clyde Streets. It is a stone building of one two, and three stories in height, and the banking chamber and manager's room are on the ground floor facing Tay Street. The staff consists of the manager, accountant, and twelve others. The nearest branch of the Bank is at the Bluff, and there are other branches in Southland at Gore, Mataura, Winton, Riverton, and Wyndham, respectively, which are all independent branches.
The Invercargill branch of this important bank was established on the 1st of July, 1873, when the business and premises of the Bank of Otago were taken over under the management of the late Mr. John Dalgleish. The latter resigned in 1874; Mr. E. Gillies, his successor, died in the following year, and Mr. H. R. Glegg was appointed to fill the vacancy. Six years later Mr. W. R. Robertson was installed; he remained in charge until April, 1888, when Mr. Frank Woodward was transferred from Riverton, and managed the Invercargill branch until his death in the year 1900, when Mr. W. R. R. Churton became manager. The bank has branches at Riverton, Gore, and Waikaia, and agencies at Thornbury, Otautau, and Orepuki, in Southland.
was appointed manager of the National Bank of New Zealand at Invercargill at the end of 1900. He was born in 1858, in Auckland, where he was educated, and joined the National Bank in 1874. After holding many positions in various parts of the colony, Mr. Churton received his present appointment.
, formerly Manager of the National Bank of New Zealand at Invercargill, entered the service of that institution as accountant early in 1874, on the Thames Goldfields. He was transferred to Coromandel as manager in the same year, to the Riverton branch in 1879, and to Invercargill in April, 1888. Mr. Woodward was born in December, 1839, in Warwickshire, England, and educated at Coventry, where he also had eight and a half years' commercial training; and arrived in Auckland in 1862 in the ship “Hanover,” which also brought an instalment of the Albertland settlers. Martial law was proclaimed a few months afterwards, and Mr. Woodward served in the 2nd Waikato Regiment and Commissariat Staff Corps during the campaign of 1863–6, and received the New Zealand war medal. After the war he settled in Waikato until early in 1869, when he removed to Auckland, subsequently he went to the Thames Gold-fields, and there joined the staff of the National Bank. Mr. Woodward became a member of the Order of Oddfellows, M.U., in 1866, and passed through all lodge offices. He was initiated into Freemasonry in 1873 in the “Lodge of Light,” I C., Thames, was a Mark Master in the same lodge, and S.M. of Lodge Aparima, Riverton. Mr. Woodward married, in 1868, Miss B. E. Higginson, eldest daughter of the late Mr. John Higginson, of Te Rore, Waikato, and had five sons and two daughters. He died in the year 1900.
was founded in 1864 under the Savings Bank Act of 1858, and its amendments. His Excellency the Governor is president, (ex-officio), and Dr. Grigor, vice-president. The trustees in 1903 were: Messrs R. Tapper, J. Stock, P. L. Gilkison, F. W. Wade, and H. Wilson, and Mr. Radford Brodrick, manager. The offices of the Bank are in Esk Street, Invercargill, and at the end of 1902 the assets were £30,000, and the liabilities, £28,000. At that date £19,300 was lent on mortgage, and £10,700 of the capital reserved in cash. The rate of 3 1/2 per cent per annum is allowed to depositors.
, Manager of the Invercargill Savings Bank, was born in 1859, in Herts, England, and arrived in New Zealand with his father, the late Captain Thomas Brodrick, in the early sixties. He was educated in the colony, and was brought up in connection with the firm of Thomas Brodrick and Co., Insurance
. The agency of this, the oldest established fire office in the British Empire, was opened in Invercargill in 1891, and Messrs H. L. Tapley and Co. were appointed agents for Southland in January, 1902.
Southland Agency, Spey Street, Invercargill; Mr. E. B. Pilcher, manager. The agency was established at Invercargill in 1862, Mr. William Russell, solicitor, being the first representative of the company. Since then numerous changes have taken place in the agency staff. Full information respecting the New Zealand Insurance Company appears in the Auckland volume of this work.
, Manager of the Invercargill branch of the New Zealand Insurance Company, was born in Wellington, New Zealand, in 1862. His father, Mr. H. J. Pilcher, and other relatives rank amongst the earliest pioneers of the Wellington settlement. The subject of this notice was educated at Wellington College, and at the age of fifteen years joined the company in which he is still serving, working his way up through the different grades to the position of accountant. In 1887, he was transferred to Oamaru as branch manager, and five years later was removed in a similar capacity to the more extensive field of Southland. During his twenty-seven years' service in the institution, Mr. Pilcher has been associated at various times with the New Zealand Land Mortgage Company, the Wellington Building Society, and the New Zealand Accident Company, and was a promoter of the first building society in Invercargill, which was worked under the Starr-Bowkett system. He is an old member of the American Order of Oddfellows, and takes a keen interest in musical societies. Mr. Pilcher is an enthusiast in amateur photography, and some reproductions of his work appear in this volume.
Southland Branch, Esk Street, Invercargill; Head office, Auckland. The Company's well-known premises in Invercargill were erected in 1883, and consist of a two-storey brick building. A portion of the ground floor is occupied by the local manager and his staff, and the rest is occupied by Messrs J. E. Watson and Co., Ltd., merchants, who act as agents for the company in Southland. The first floor of the building is let for offices and a music room.
, Manager of the Southland Branch of the South British Insurance Company, was born at Auckland, in 1866. He was educated at the Auckland College and Grammar School, and joined the Staff of the South British Insurance Company, in whose service he has had experience in different parts of the colony.
, Invercargill. The Southland district agency of this popular and successful institution was established in 1884, and Mr. G. G. Burnes was appointed District Secretary in 1887.
dates from 1863. The office of the Chamber is in Dee Street, and there were about forty members
, formerly President of the Invercargill Chamber of Commerce, is the eldest surviving son of Captain J. W. Raymond, late of Avondale station, and was born in Invercargill in the year 1861. Mr. Raymond is one of Southland's most prominent citizens and a fearless public man. He began the battle of life at the age of sixteen, and five years later opened a stock and station agency business in Wyndham, which has since been extended to Invercargill. At the age of twenty-one, he was placed on the commission of the peace, and two years subsequently was elected to several public bodies, including the Bluff Harbour Board, Southland County Council, Education Board, and Chamber of Commerce, and has at various times been chairman or president of each of these bodies; indeed, during one year, he held the chairmanship of three of them. He takes a keen interest in politics, in opposition to the party now (1904) in power. But from first to last he has proved himself to be a useful settler, who has unstintedly applied his ability in the just administration of various local bodies, in the interest of his fellow colonists.
, who has been Vice-President of the Invercargill Chamber of Commerce, since 1903, was born in 1867 in Auckland, where he was educated. He removed to Otago in 1885, and had six years' experience of country life before joining the staff of Messrs Wright, Stephenson and Co., at Gore in 1891. Three years later Mr. Hunt went to Dunedin, where he had two years' experience at the head office of the firm; and on the opening of the Southland branch, in 1896, he was sent to Invercargill as resident partner and manager. Mr. Hunt was married, in 1894, and has two sons and one daughter.
, Tay Street, Invercargill. This well-known institution was established in 1869, in Esk Street, and some years later it was removed to the commodious premises erected by the Society in Tay Street. Directors: Messrs R. Erskine, president; J. Kingsland, R. J. Cumming, C. W. Brown, W. B. Scandrett, J. J. Wesney, G. Froggart, J. Stead, J. E. Hannah, and J. Erskine. Mr. James Brown is secretary, and Messrs R. F. Cuthbertson and R. Allen, auditors. The Society has power to borrow up to £65,016, and the value of members' shares in 1903 was £56,751. The total amount of debentures issued under its borrowing power was £45,352, and the amount advanced on mortgages, £97,535. Since the inception of the Society the sum of £96,758 has been credited to members by way of profit. The total turnover of the Society up to 1903 had been £1,779,077.
, Secretary of the Southland Building and Investment Society since 1872, was born in Scotland, in 1839. He arrived at the Bluff by the ship “Robert Henderson,” in 1863, and was employed as a photographer before his appointment to his present position. Mr. Brown was a member of the Invercargill Road Board in the early days. He was married, in 1864, to a daughter of the late Mr J. McGregor, of Perthshire, Scotland, and has one son and three daughters.
was established in 1900, Officers for 1904: Mr. J. Grenville, president, Mr. W. Mapleton, vice president, and Mr. A. A. Paape, secretary.
has for its officers Mr. E. Keast, president, Mr. M. J. Spear, vice-president, and Mr. A. A. Paape, secretary.
was established in 1901, for the purpose of correcting abuses and to inaugurate schemes having for their object the benefit of members generally, morally, socially, physically, and intellectually, and also to assist co-workers in difficulty. The Union now has a membership of 600, spread over all parts of Southland, and extending from Catlins river to the Waiau, a distance of 150 miles. Under the direction of a sub-committee, appointed by the Union, three consecutive Axemen's Carnivals have been held with conspicuous success; and during the three years the committee disbursed £650 in prize money.
, of Woodend, is president of this Union, and has served as its vice-president. Mr. O'Byrne is also president of the Clifton, Woodend, and Bluff Athletic Society (1901–2–3 and 1904–5); president of the Invercargill Branch of the Liberal and Labour Association of Southland, vice-president of the New Zealand Liberal and Labour Federation, president of the Axemen's Carnival, vice-president of the Southland Athletic Association, a director of the Irish Athletic Society, a member of the school committee at Seaward Moss, president of the Woodend branch of the Liberal and Labour Federation, and chairman of the Woodend library committee. Mr. O'Byrne was born at Westbury, Tasmania, in 1874, and brought up there on his father's farm. After some time spent in contracting at the Mount Bischoff Tin Mines, he came to New Zealand at the time of the Bank of Van Diemen's Land failure. He was for some time engaged on farms, but soon left that
, Secretary of the Southland Sawmill Workers' Union, Axemen's Carnival, and also of the Operative Butchers' Union and Typographical Union, and the Invercargill Cycling Club, was born at Ballarat on the 13th of October, 1878. He was educated in his native town, and became a clicker by trade. Mr. Paape came from Melbourne to Dunedin under engagement to Messrs Sargood. Son and Ewen in 1897, and two years later he removed to Invercargill to enter the service of Messrs J. Kingsland and Co., but left that firm to take up his position as Secretary and Organiser of the Sawmill Workers' Union. He has travelled all over the timber districts of Southland, and in 1902 made a journey throughout Australia with Tom Mann, British Labour Organiser.
, (Radford Brodrick) Insurance and Estate Agents, Esk Street, Invercargill. This firm was established in 1870, by the late Captain Thomas Brodrick. The present proprietor joined the firm in 1883, and has conducted it singly since his father's death. The firm acts as agents for Lloyds, and for the National Mutual Life Association, and the London, Liverpool and Globe Insurance Company. Mr. Brodrick is further referred to in another article, as manager of the Invercargill Savings Bank.
, Estate Agent and Accountant, Esk Street, Invercargill. This business was established in 1892. Mr. Royds acts as accountant, auditor, and general estate agent. He was born in 1838, in London, England, and educated at Bedford; brought up to commercial life at Bath and Cheltenham, and arrived at Wellington, New Zealand, in 1857 by the ship “John Mac Vicar.” For six months he resided at Nelson, whence he rode overland to Canterbury. After eighteen months in Christchurch, Mr. Royds walked overland to Southland in 1861, and for some years was engaged in a farming life. He then settled at Invercargill, where he entered the service of Mr. T. M. Macdonald, solicitor, with whom he continued for nearly twenty years, before establishing his present business as an estate agent and accountant in Esk Street, in 1892. Mr. Royds was chairman of the Gladstone school committee, and chairman of St. John's Cemetery Board for several years, and has been connected with All Saints Church since its establishment, having acted as a lay reader for many years. He was married on the 24th of December, 1873, to a daughter of Mr. H. A. Giller, Deputy Registrar of Deeds, Dunedin, and has had nine sons, of whom two have died.
, Auctioneer, Stock and Station Agent, Tay Street, Invercargill. Mr. Froggatt holds fortnightly sales at the Invercargill saleyards, monthly sales at Winton and Woodlands, and clearing sales when required. He is agent for the Royal Exchange Company, and was for some years representative of the Scotch Metropolitan Assurance Company. Mr. Froggatt is further referred to as an ex-Mayor of Invercargill.
, Auctioneer, Land and Stock Valuator, Dee Street, Invercargill. Mr. Mitchell is referred to in another article as Mayor of East Invercargill.
, Architect, South British Chambers,
(John Richmond Derbie and John George Flett), Bakers, Liddell Street, Invercargill. Messrs Derbie and Flett took over their freehold residence and bakery establishment from Messrs Robb Brothers, in March, 1904.
was born in 1881, in Invercargill, where he was educated, and apprenticed to the bakery trade. He served six years as apprentice and journeyman, and in March, 1904, started business in partnership with Mr. Flett. Since leaving school Mr. Derbie has been an enthusiastic footballer, and played in the Cambridge First in 1903. He is a member of Lodge Star of the South, Manchester Unity, Independent Order of Oddfellows.
was born in Mainland, Orkney, in 1879, and after serving his apprenticeship to the bakery trade, worked for some years as a journeyman. He landed in New Zealand in September, 1902, and worked at his trade for about eighteen months before starting business in partnership with Mr. Derbie in March, 1904.
(D. Kingsland, senior, and John Kingsland), Manufacturing Confectioners and Biscuit Bakers, Jed and Don Streets, Invercargill. This well-known firm was founded in Invercargill in 1869, by Mr. D. Kingsland, senior, who was born in Hythe, Kent, England, in 1824. Mr. Kingsland first started business as a confectioner and biscuit baker at Croydon, Surrey, and was well and favourably spoken of in that part of London. He landed in New Zealand in 1868 in the ship “Chili.” The business was then started, which has since been so successful. The premises cover an area of over a quarter of an acre, and are built of brick. The factory is fitted up with the latest machinery, which is capable of turning out twelve tons of manufactured mixed goods per week. The “Pukaki” brand of the firm is a household word in Southland, and their boast is that their factory is the most southerly situated—of its kind—in the Southern Hemisphere. Mr. John Kingsland has been twice married, his first wife being a daughter of Captain Acker, master mariner, who landed in Southland in 1834, and his second a daughter of Mr. A. Fairburn, of North Invercargill. He was born at Croydon in 1854, was educated at Mitcham, Surrey, and learned his trade under his father's tuition. He takes a prominent part in Oddfellowship, and holds the rank of Past Grand Master in the Order of Oddfellows, Manchester Unity. Mr. Kingsland, senior, was a member of the old Philharmonic Society of Invercargill.
, Baker and Confectioner, Corner of Esk and Deveron Streets, Invercargill. This business was established in 1870, by Mr. Duncan McFarlane, who conducted it till 1903, when it was taken over by his son, the present proprietor. The premises consist of a two-storey wood and iron building, containing shop, office, and residence, with a large bakery at the back. There are two large ovens; bread, fancy cakes, and confectionery are turned out; and four carts are engaged in delivering throughout the district. Catering for all kinds of socials and public functions is undertaken by Mr. McFarlane.
, Baker and Confectioner, Dee Street, Invercargill. This business was established in 1901, and is conducted in a two-storey brick building, containing a shop, a refreshment room, and a residence. There is a bakery at the back. Goods are delivered by cart throughout the town and suburbs.
was born in 1869 in Aberdeenshire, Scotland, where he learned his trade. He arrived at Wellington by the s.s. “Tonic,” and on settling in Dunedin commenced business on his own
, (George Thompson Smyth), General Merchants, Bakers, Grocers, and Bacon Curers, Tay and Dee Streets, Invercargill. This large business was established by the late Mr. D. Smyth in 1864, and it has been conducted by the present proprietor since 1893. The premises in Tay Street are of brick and wood, and stand upon an acre of land. The brick building was erected in 1901 as a bread factory, and the other part includes a large shop, storeroom and office, and a separate department for bacon curing. The branch in Dee Street is a substantial brick building of two stories with a double fronted shop and a store behind. Fourteen persons are employed in connection with the business, and goods are delivered throughout Invercargill and suburbs.
, the Proprietor, was born in 1865, at Invercargill, was brought up to business in connection with the firm, and except during a sojourn of six years in Melbourne, has always been associated with it Mr. Smyth is a director of the Caledonian Society, and has been president of the Southland Poultry Society. He was married, in 1890, in Victoria, and has two sons and two daughters.
, Baker, Confectioner, and General Grocer, Burnside Bakery, Corner of Bowmont and Conon Streets, Invercargill. This business is conducted in a one-storey brick building, containing a shop and residence, with bakehouse and stabling at the back. Mr. Stirling was born in Glasgow, Scotland, in 1847. Two years later he came with his parents to Port Chalmers by the ship “Mariner.” and he learned his trade with his father, who was in business in Tay Street. Invercargill, for many years. He had many experiences in various occupations, including mining, bush work, and farming, and was for some time a resident at Preservation Inlet, before establishing his present business in Invercargill. Mr. Stirling has been a Justice of the Peace since 1900. He was married, in 1879, to a daughter of Mr John Hastings, of Woodend, Southland, and has four daughters and one son.
, Baker and General Storekeeper, East Road Bakery, Invercargill. This business was founded in 1901, and the premises occupy a quarter-acre section at the corner of East Road, and Jackson Street. The building, which is of wood and iron, contains a shop and dwelling, with bakery at the back; and three carts are engaged in delivering goods throughout the town and suburbs.
, the proprietor, was born in 1871, at Cromwell, Otago, where he was educated. He learned his trade with an uncle at Waikouaiti, gained further experience in Dunedin, and in 1892 removed to the Bluff, where he had charge of Mr. Georgeson's business for seven years, and was also with Mr. Anderson for a short time, before establishing his present business in Invercargill. Mr. Thomson undertakes catering for balls, parties, and public functions. He served for three years as a volunteer in the Dunedin Navals, was initiated as a Freemason in Lodge Palmerston, New Zealand Constitution, and is attached to the Pioneer Lodge of Oddfellows of Invercargill. Mr. Thomson was married, on the 28th of February, 1895, to a daughter of Mr. H. Burgess, of Invercargill, and has one son and one daughter.
(William Barelay Mitchell, proprietor), Aerated Water Manufacturers, Importers, Wine and Spirit Merchants, Agents for Penfold's Australian wines, Manuel Garcia's Havana Cigars, Wairongoa Natural Mineral Water, Prunier and Co's Brandies, and for Dewar's and White Horse Cellar Whiskies, Leven Street, Invercargill. Bankers, Bank of Australasia. Telephone No. 71; P.O. Box 154. This business was established by the enterprising proprietor in 1883, and gradually grew in proportions until, in 1892, Mr. Mitchell determined to further extend his operations by the importation of wines, spirits, etc. The trade continuing to increase, Mr. Mitchell found it necessary to procure larger premises, which were erected in Leven Street, in close proximity to the Invercargill
, Wine, Spirit and General Merchant, Dee Street, Invercargill. Mr. Roche established his well-known business in 1874, in premises centrally situated in Dee Street. He maintains a large stock of general merchandise; and does a very large trade in Invercargill and throughout Southland. Mr. Roche is referred to in another article as a member of the Invercargill Borough Council.
(Bernard Denly), Builder and Contractor, Yarrow Street, Invercargill, and at North Invercargill. This business was established by Mr. Denly on his arrival in New Zealand in 1890. He has a shop and residence in North Invercargill, as well as the principal shop in Yarrow Street. During his experience as a builder he has erected a considerable number of buildings in Southland. Mr. Denly is further referred to as member of the North Invercargill Borough Council.
, Builder, North End, Invercargill. Mr. Howie was born in Glasgow, Scotland, in 1854, and was brought up as a house builder and joiner; although he had previously served four years at paper staining, with Messrs Wylie and Lockhead, a large firm near Glasgow. In 1880 he arrived at the Bluff, and worked for a while as a journeyman; but in 1883, he started business on his own account, and has ever since been engaged as a master builder. Besides numerous private houses, Mr. Howie has built the Bluff Harbour Board offices; the Old Men's Home at Lorne Farm; the Salvation Army Barracks; the Quarantine Building at the Bluff; Neil's Buildings in Dee Street, and he is now (1904) building the Invercargill Town Hall and Theatre—the largest building contract let in Southland. Mr. Howie was for one year Mayor of South Invercargill, and was on the Hospital Trust for four or five years. He is one of the oldest Past Chief Rangers in Court Star of the South, Ancient Order of Foresters.
, Carpenter, Crinan Street, Invercargill. Mr. Smith was born in 1867, in Hamilton, Scotland, and came to Port Chalmers, with his parents, by the ship “Jessie Readman” in 1874. He served his apprenticeship as a carpenter, afterwards had six years' experience at flour milling, and was then for several years employed at the wood-ware factory. Mr. Smith served in the Grammar School Cadets and he has been a member of the South School committee since 1900. He has passed all the chairs in the Shamrock, Rose and Thistle Lodge of Oddfellows, Manchester Unity, and is connected with the Pirates'. Football Club, and the Star Cricket Club. Mr. Smith was married, in 1894, to a daughter of Mr. Charles Kearsley, of Invercargill, and has three daughters and two sons.
, Builders, Invercargill. This business was established in 1900, and the firm has erected several public and private buildings, including the new Charitable Aid Board buildings in Invercargill and McWilliam's Buildings at Winton.
was born in Dalziel, Lanarkshire, Scotland, in 1840, and came to the Bluff by the ship “Storm Cloud” in 1862. Ever since his arrival he has been engaged in contracting and building—part of the time alone and part of the time as a partner in the respective firms of Walker and Garmson, and Miller, Murray and Walker. He assisted to erect the first railway station at the Bluff, the post and telegraph office at Mataura, and all the railway stations between Gore and Invercargill. The Riverton railway was completed by him and his partners, and also the ballasting, platelaying, and buildings on the Kelso to Heriot railway. Mr. Walker helped to erect the main portion of the South Seas Exhibition building in Dunedin. He has been twice married, and there is a family of four sons and five daughters by the first marriage.
, Junior, was born at Invercargill in 1874, and after leaving school was trained as a builder. In the absence of his father in the Old Country in 1903, he managed the business. Mr. Walker is a member of the Battalion Band, and attended the Band Contest held at Masterton in 1903. He is a member of Lodge Aparima, Otautau, American Order of Foresters. Mr. Walker was married, in 1899, to a daughter of Mr. C. Mannix, farmer, Duntroon.
, Contracting Builder, Spey Street, Invercargill. Mr. Woods was born in County Galway, Ireland, in 1852, and left for New Zealand in 1859 by the “Sevilla,” which landed at Port Chalmers. He was educated in Milton, where his father had a farm, and in 1870 was apprenticed to his trade in Dunedin. After working for some years as a journeyman he gave up his trade, for twelve years, during which he followed various occupations, including hotel-keeping at Riverton, and storekeeping at Wilson's river. In 1900 he removed to Invercargill, and since then he has carried on business as a contracting builder. Mr. Woods was married, in 1878, to a daughter of the late Mr. John Hatser, of County Louth, Ireland, and has seven daughters and three sons.
(Donald McQuarrie), Coach and Carriage Builders, Tay Street, Invercargill. This business was established in 1891, and the factory, which is of iron and brick, contains a smith's, a wheelwright's, and a body shop. All kinds of light, and heavy vehicles are manufactured. Mr. McQuarrie was born in Inverness, Scotland, in 1864, and three years later, accompanied his parents to Port Chalmers by the ship “Chili.” After learning his trade at Invercargill he visited New South Wales, where he gained further experience before returning to establish his present business in 1891. Mr. McQuarrie was married, in 1884, to a daughter of Mr. Joseph Tosh, of Invercargill, and has one daughter and five sons.
, Milk Preservers, Tay Street, Invercargill. This company was incorporated in 1898. Mr. John Roberts, C.M.G., is chairman, Mr. H. N. Bell, managing director, and Mr. A. Le H. Hoyles, secretary. The company's offices are in Tay Street, its milk preserving works and butter factory at Underwood, Wallacetown, its creameries at Woodlands and Kapuka, and its cheese factory at Waimatuku. The products of the various factories include preserved milk, butter, cheese, hams, and bacon. A large quantity of the produce is sold locally, and the balance is exported to Australia and other parts of the world.
, Merchant Tailor, corner of Dee and Don Streets, Invercargill. This business was established in 1877, and for the first ten years was conducted in Tay Street. The premises now occupied consist of part of a handsome three-storey building of which the shop, cutting and fitting rooms are on the ground floor, and the workroom on the second floor. About twenty-two persons are engaged in connection with the business, and the cutting department is in charge of Mr. Geddes, junior, who is an expert cutter.
, the Proprietor, was born in July, 1839, in Kircud-brightshire, Scotland, where he was educated and served a five years' apprenticeship to his trade. He learned cutting at Liverpool, and afterwards entered into business on his own account at Kirkpatrick. After landing in Victoria, in 1863, Mr. Geddes became cutter for Messrs Warnock Brothers, at Maldon, a quartz-mining township, where he continued for nine years, and was afterwards in business on his own account for four years. He came to Otago in August, 1875, and after two years at the Clutha, established his present business in Invercargill. Mr. Geddes was a member of the East Invercargill Borough Council for several years, and occupied the mayoral chair for a year. He has long been attached to the Loyal St. George Lodge of Oddfellows, Manchester Unity, and in 1904 held office as Past Provincial Grand Master. Mr. Geddes was married at Kyneton, Victoria, to a daughter of Captain Mirk, and has three sons and two daughters.
(Walter Iles and Robert Rae Roscow), Merchant Tailors, Dee Street, Invercargill. This business was established in 1895 by Messrs E. Norton and Co., and in 1902 was purchased by Mr. Iles, of Dunedin, who conducted it as a branch of his business till July, 1903, when Mr. Roscow became a partner. About fourteen persons are employed, and a first-class trade is carried on. The premises consist of part of a three-storey building; the shop, cutting and fitting rooms being on the ground floor, and the work room on the top floor.
, the Junior Partner, was born in 1872, at Tuapeka, and learned his business as a tailor and cutter in Dunedin, where he had experience with several of the best firms of the city. He was cutter for Messrs F. Smith and Company for about four years before becoming a partner in Mr. Iles's business at Invercargill in 1903 Mr. Roscow is attached to the St. John Lodge of Freemasons, and is a member of the Southland Bowling Club, and the Invercargill Cycling Club. He married a daughter of Mr. James Leighton, of Dunedin, and has two daughters.
, (William Lewis), trading as General Drapers, Dee Street, Invercargill. This business was founded in 1863, when the premises were opened by Mr. Lewis's brother, Mr. J. F. Lewis, as a branch of the Victorian firm of Hoad and Co., Bendigo, of which he was a partner. The present owner acquired the business, in September, 1864, and has been sole proprietor almost continuously since that time. For many years the domicile of the firm was in Tay Street, but in 1872 Mr. Lewis acquired the Dee Street site, which has a frontage of ninety feet, by a depth of 120 feet. There are three imposing entrances to the premises, and the proprietor keeps a very extensive stock of drapery, clothing and furnishings. The showroom and shop are on the ground floor, and the next floor is utilised for the workrooms of the millinery and dressmaking departments, and for the storage of reserve stock. Messrs Lewis and Co. are direct importers, and are represented by expert buyers in London. Branches of the business have been established at Gore and Wyndham. Mr. Lewis's premises have been twice destroyed by fire; namely, in 1875 and in 1888. After each fire a great improvement was made in the character of the new building which had to be erected, and the present is an imposing edifice. Mr. Lewis employs about eighty persons.
, the Proprietor, was born at Llangadock,
Mair and Shepherd (Alexander Mair). Men's Outfitters, Mercers, and Hatters, Dee Street, Invercargill. This business was established in 1893, and is conducted on the ground floor of a double-fronted shop. A well assorted stock is maintained.
, the Proprietor, was born in 1836, in Ayrshire, Scotland, and after leaving school served a four years' apprenticeship to the drapery trade, and six years as salesman. He arrived at the Bluff by the ship “Storm Cloud” in 1862, and settled in Invercargill, where he commenced business as an outfitter and general draper. Thirty years later he sold out and founded the present firm. Mr. Mair has served on the Athenaeum committee, and he is also a member of the Masonic Order. He was married, in 1866, to a daughter of the late Mr. Peter Swan, of Kelso, Scotland, and has four sons and four daughters.
, Merchant Tailor, Esk Street, Invercargill. This business, which was established in 1893, is conducted in a two-storey brick building, with the shop on the ground floor, and the cutting and workrooms above. The proprietor imports tweeds and tailors' trimmings, and employs a number of operatives. Mr. Porter is elsewhere referred to as a Past Master of the Southern Cross Lodge of Freemasons.
(Helen H. Smith and John W. Smith), Manufacturers and Direct Importers of all manner of Ladies', Gentlemen's and Children's Underwear, Dee Street, Invercargill. This business was established in April, 1900. The premises consist of a two-storey brick building, with a double-fronted shop, showroom and offices on the ground floor, and the factory on the upper floor. The departments on the first floor consist of machine, packing, and finishing rooms, and the goods are milled in a separate department at the back of the building. There are fourteen hosiery and sewing machines, and about twenty-five persons are busily engaged in the manufacture of ladies, gentlemen's and children's outfitting,
, Coal and Firewood Merchant, and General Carrier. Esk Street, Invercargill. Yards and Stables, Don Street and Liddel Street. About fourteen vehicles and twenty horses are engaged in connection with this business, which was founded in 1883. Mr. Martin has been railway cartage contractor for Invercargill, since 1892, and also does an extensive business as a coal and firewood merchant. He is further referred to as an ex-Mayor of South Invercargill.
, Furniture Warehouseman, Tay Street, Invercargill. This business was established in 1893, and is conducted in a two-storey brick building, with a double-fronted shop. There are very fine showrooms on the ground and first floors of the building, and the factory is at the back. About eight persons are employed, and furniture of all descriptions is made on the premises.
was born in 1866 in Berkshire, England, and arrived at Port Chalmers by the ship “Seimitar” in 1874. He attended school at Invercargill, and learned his trade in Christchurch, where he had several years' experience with well-known firms. On his return to Invercargill, Mr. Dewe commenced business in a small way in Kelvin Street, and five years later removed to the commodious premises he now occupies. His business has not been built up on smart advertising, and a few flash lines got up to please the eye. The work is thorough throughout, and the business has increased, largely by personal recommendation.
, (William Lang McLean) Cabinetmakers, Upholsterers, and General Furniture Dealers, Tay Street, Invercargill. This business, which is among the oldest of its kind in Invercargill, was established about 1869 by Messrs Deiley and Moir, and was acquired by the present proprietor in 1903. The premises consist of a two-storey brick building containing a double-fronted shop, with a large showroom on the ground floor, a workshop behind, and a second showroom on the first floor.
, the Proprietor, was born in 1861 in Glasgow, Scotland, where he attended school, and learned his trade. He came to Port Chalmers by the s.s. “Aorangi,” in 1884, and, with the exception of a year or two in Melbourne, has since resided at Invercargill. For about five years Mr. McLean was senior partner in the firm of McLean, Dewar and Co. Kelvin Street, and on retiring from the partnership in 1903, he acquired his present business, He is a Past Grand Master of the Shamrock, Rose and Thistle Lodge of Oddfellows Mr. McLean was married, in 1886, to Miss Allan, of Dumfries-shire, Scotland, and has four sons and three daughters.
, Painter and Decorator, Tay Street, Invercargill. Mr. Farnie was born at Dunfermline, Fifeshire, Scotland, in 1838, learned the trade of a painter, and came to Port Chalmers in 11864 by the ship “Lady Raglan.” The times were very dull when he arrived in Invercargill, so he removed to Dunedin, where he found employment until 1875, when he returned to Invercargill and founded his present business. Mr. Farnie is a member of the Shamrock, Rose and Thistle Lodge of Oddfellows. He was married, in Glasgow, in 1863, to a daughter of the late Mr. Robert Jergus, of Kirkintilloch, Dumbartonshire, Scotland, and has two sons and one daughter.
, Hairdresser and Tobacconist, Tay Street, Invercargill. This business was established in 1888, in Dee Street, whence it was removed to the present site in 1896. The premises consist of the ground floor of a brick building, and contain a handsome saloon with four chairs, besides the shop. A general stock of tobacco, pipes and fancy goods is maintained. Mr. Wright was born in Camberwell, Surrey, England, in 1867. He is the youngest son of Mr. W. C. Wright, of Yarrow Street, with whom he came to Port Chalmers by the ship “Peter Denny” in 1870. Having attended school in Invercargill, Mr. Wright learned his trade as a hairdresser in Dee Street, and afterwards commenced on his own account. He has been connected with the Southland Caledonian Society, of which he was a director, for thirteen years, and he has given his services as superintendent of the sports of the Clifton, Woodend and Bluff Athletic Society. Mr. Wright has been a member of the Pioneer Lodge of Oddfellows since 1887. He was married, on the 16th of December, 1889, to a daughter of Mr. David Stewart, of Invercargill, and has three sons and four daughters.
(Alexander McVinish, proprietor), Dee Street, Invercargill. This hotel is said to be one of the oldest in Invercargill, and has been conducted by the present proprietor since 1902. It is a two-storey brick building, containing about twenty rooms, of which eight are bedrooms, and four sittingrooms, and there is a fine dining hall, capable of seating about forty guests. The stables behind the hotel contain twelve stalls, and two loose boxes.
, the proprietor, was born in Inverness-shire, Scotland, and arrived at Wellington by the S.S. “Ruapehu” in 1891. He had several years' experience of station life in the Wairarapa, before removing to the Lower Hutt, where he was proprietor of the Central Hotel for five years. In 1902 Mr. Mcvinish sold out and came to Invercargill. He served for about five years as a volunteer in Inverness.
(Horace Bastings, proprietor), Esk Street, Invercargill. Established in 1867. This hotel has been conducted by Mr. Bastings since 1902. The building is of two stories in brick, and contains sixty-eight rooms, of which forty-four are bedrooms. There are three sitting-rooms, two commercial rooms, and two parlours, besides a large dining room, which will seat forty-eight guests. There are also three sample rooms. The building, which has an entrance to Don Street, was destroyed by fire on the 28th of January, 1903, and has since been remodelled and rebuilt. Mr. Bastings is referred to in another article as a former member of the House of Representatives.
(David Bissett, proprietor), Dee Street, Invercargill. This hotel, which was established in 1877, is a fine three-storey brick building fronting Dee Street. It contains about twenty-five rooms, of which nineteen are bed rooms, and there are three large sitting rooms, and a handsome dining room which will seat forty people.
, the Proprietor, was born in 1857, in Perthshire, Scotland, where he was educated. He learned the trade of a grocer in Perth, Glasgow and Edinburgh, and came to the Bluff, via Melbourne, in 1883. Mr. Bissett was employed by Mr. T. McChesney, merchant, at Invercargill, for seventeen years, and at the end of that time went into the hotel business, and conducted the Victoria Hotel for seven and a half years, before taking over the Imperial in 1899. He served as a volunteer in the Perthshire rifles, is a member of the St. John Lodge of Freemasons, and has passed through the chairs in the Shamrock, Rose and Thistle Lodge of Oddfellows, Manchester Unity. Mr. Bissett was president of the Caledonian Society in 1898; he has been an enthusiastic athlete and was at one time a champion putter of the stone. He was married, in 1887, to a daughter of the late Mr. William Craig, of Wairio, and has had three sons, one of whom lost his life by drowning.
(Henry Edward Whitlaw, proprietor), Clyde Street, Invercargill. This hotel was established in the seventies, and the present two-storey brick building was erected in 1888. It contains sixteen rooms, including nine bedrooms and a sitting room, and the dining room will seat fifteen guests.
, the Proprietor, was born in 1869, at Auckland, where he was educated. In 1887 he went to Melbourne, and was engaged by the Farmers' Produce Company of Australia, Limited, as a junior, and left its service in 1893, as accountant. He was a member of the B Company of Militia for a short time, and was an active member of the Richmond Football Club, as well as of its committee. On his return to New Zealand Mr. Whitlaw was engaged by Messrs Abbott. Oram and Company as accountant. This position he held for eight years, and resigned to become the proprietor of the Lake Hotel, Takapana. Mr. Whitlaw was treasurer and committeeman of the Auckland Masonie Institute and Club, and a member of the Parnell and North Shore Cricket Clubs. On leaving Auckland, in January, 1904, Mr. Whitlaw became the licensee of the Victoria Hotel, Invercargill. He is vice-president of the Britannia Football Club, Appleby Cricket Club, Invercargill Sailing Club, and a committeeman of the Southland Cricket Association. Mr. Whitlaw was married, in 1897, to Miss Waddell, of Auckland, and has one daughter.
, (Robert Taylor Dunlop, and Alee Douglas Dunlop), Veterinary Farriers, Dee Street, Invercargill. This well-known business was established in 1862 by the late Mr. Andrew Dunlop, father of the present partners, and has been conducted in Dee Street since 1900. The premises comprise a large smith's shop with two forges.
, the Senior Partner, was born in 1875, and was brought up to his father's business from the age of fourteen. He is a member of the Southland Mounted Rifles, and holds office as Honorary Veterinary Surgeon to the corps; he is also a successful shot in the Invercargill Gun Club, and has won several local matches. Mr. Dunlop is attached to the Pioneer Lodge, Independent Order of Foresters. He was married, in 1901, to a daughter of Mr. John McIntosh, of West Plains, and has one son.
, the Junior Partner, was born at Invercargill in 1877, and, like his brother, was brought up to his father's business. Mr. Dunlop is a member of the Invercargill Homing Pigeon Society.
, Blacksmith and Wheelwright, Corner of Dee and Yarrow Streets, Invercargill. This business was established in 1867 by Messrs Anderson and Findlay, and has been conducted solely by Mr. Findlay since his partner's death in 1891.
was born in 1832 in Wigtonshire, Scotland, and learned the trade of a wheelwright in his native country. In 1864 he landed at the Bluff by the ship “Arima,” and has ever since been connected with Southland. In 1867 he became a member of the firm of Anderson and Findlay, blacksmiths and wheelwrights, and has since been actively engaged in that business, Mr. Findlay was Mayor of East Invercargill for three years, served previously for a number of years as a councillor, and was for seventeen years a member of the Hospital Board. He is a Past Master in the Masonie Order and is attached to Lodge St. John. He joined the Oddfellows in 1875, and is a member of Shamrock, Rose and Thistle Lodge, in which he has thrice passed all the chairs; is a Past Provincial Grand Master of the Order, and District Treasurer, in connection with which he has had many recognitions. Mr. Findlay was married, in 1863, to a daughter of the late Mr. Robert Cumming, of Ayrshire, Scotland, and has had seven sons and five daughters, of whom one son and two daughters are dead.
(James Macalister, proprietor), Dee Street, Invercargill. This foundry was established by Mr. Jabez Hay in Tweed Street, and is said to have been the first foundry in Invercargill. The premises include a handsome brick showroom, fronting Dee Street, and devoted to the machinery branch of the business; and there is an office in the same connection. The foundry itself is a large iron building, which extends back towards Leven Street. It contains a moulding department and an engineering shop, where there is a large plant, including three forges, shearing, and boring machines, and every appliance needed in an effective manufacturing trade.
, proprietor of the Invercargill Foundry, was born in Glasgow, Scotland, in 1869. At the age of ten he landed at the Bluff with his father's family, by the ship “Peter Denny.” He served an apprenticeship in Invercargill, and gained experience in Melbourne at the time of the exhibition in 1888, when he represented the Walter a. Wood Company, and erected all that firm's exhibits. On returning to Invercargill, he commenced business in Leven Street, and three years later he sold out to Mr. Walter Guthrie, and the business became the nucleus of the Southland Implement and Engineering Company. Of this well-known company, Mr. Macalister became manager, and held the position for ten years. In 1900 he resigned, and put in a tender for the construction of 500 railway waggons. Though he was the lowest tenderer, Mr. Macalister received an order for only 100 waggons. He then took the Invercargill Foundry, and completed the order within twelve months. Finding the premises insufficient, he secured a site and built his present premises in Dee Street and Leven Street. Mr. Macalister is the inventor and patentee of a colonial drill and other machines. He maintains a stock of farming implements, as agent for several manufacturing firms. Mr. Macalister was married, in 1897, to Miss Tindall, M.A., of Willowbank, Sydenbam, Christchurch, who was a teacher at the Christ-church Girls' High School, and has one daughter.
(Robert Lockhead, proprietor), Southland branch, Tay Street, Invercargill; Head office, Dunedin. The Southland branch of this business was established in 1884, and is conducted in a two-storey brick building, containing a large showroom and an office on the ground floor, and a showroom above; with the wholesale store on the opposite
, Manager of the Southland branch of the Universal Supply Depot, was born in 1866 at Milton, and is the third son of Mr. W. J. Dyer, an ex-member of the Otago Provincial Council for Brace, who was Mayor of the borough of Milton several times. He was educated at Milton, entered the service of Mr. Lockhead at Dunedin, and shortly afterwards became manager at Ash-burton for a year. He had charge of the Oamaru branch for a like period, and in 1886 was transferred to Invercargill, where, under his care, the business has developed greatly. Mr. Dyer has been a member of the Southland Mounted Rifles since 1899, and held office as sergeant; and he has been attached to the Pioneer Lodge of Oddfellows since 1890. He was married, in 1890, to a daughter of Mr. Walter Wright, of Invercargill, and has two sons and three daughters. Mrs Dyer is well-known at Invercargill as an alto singer.
, Sawmaker, Tyny Street, Invercargill. Mr. Ross was born at Pluscarden, near Elgin, Scotland, in June, 1832, and was brought up to the trade of a millwright and engineer. In April, 1858, he landed at Port Chalmers from the ship “Strathfeldsay,” and was employed on the erection of the first large flour mill in Dunedin, put up at Kaikorai. In November, 1858, he removed to Invercargill, of which he was one of the very earliest settlers. He settled in the Longbush district, and had practically the whole countryside at his disposal. For some years Mr. Ross did very well by keeping cattle on the hundreds. On arrival he bought a set of pitsaw tools from a man who was leaving the district, and in company with Mr. George Dawson, did good work sawing timber for house building, and thus came to found his present business in the early days. On the outbreak of the gold-fields, however, Mr. Ross was one of the first to leave for Gabriel's Gully, where he had some success, and afterwards removed to the Lake and other diggings. He, however, soon returned to Invercargill. He commenced store-keeping at Longbush, and some years later was engaged in sawmilling. This he ultimately abandoned in favour of sawmaking and repairing, as in the early days, until he set up his business, saws had to be sent to Dunedin to be put in order. Mr. Ross was at one time a member of the Waihopai Road Board, and also of the local school committees. He was also a member of the Mounted Rifle corps in the Longbush district. Mr. Ross was married, in 1867, to a daughter of Mr. McFadgen. Mrs. Ross died in 1877, leaving four sons and two daughters; one daughter died in infancy.
, Mechanical Engineer, Ythan Street, Invercargill. Mr. Smith was born in 1832, in Forfarshire, Scotland, and was brought up as a millwright and house builder, and had five years' experience in Victoria. He arrived at Port Chalmers in 1862 by the ship “Aldinga,” and after some experience in gold mining, settled at Invercargill, where he started the first woodware factory. About 1870 he erected another large factory in Nith Street, and worked it till 1887, when he sold it to Messrs Guthrie and Larnach. He was employed by Mr. Cruikshank to fit up his original twine spinning plant at the Rosedale Mill. Mr. Smith has a well-fitted workshop, and his services are constantly in requisition in connection with machinery. He has been prominent in connection with Friendly Societies, has been Chief Ruler in the Order of Rechabites, and has passed the local chairs and the district chairs in the Shamrock, Rose and Thistle Lodge of Oddfellows, Manchester Unity.
(James Walker), Iron Founders, Vulcan Foundry, Clyde Street, Invercargill. This business was founded by the present proprietor in conjunction with his father, Mr. John Walker, in 1891. The buildings, which are of wood, are erected on a section of half-an-acre. Besides the foundry, the premises comprise a showroom, a patternroom and an office; and full appliances, including grinding, polishing and boring machines, are available for the purposes of the business. A gas engine of ten horse power is used at the works, and twelve persons find regular employment. The special lines manufactured at the foundry are ranges, grates, and architectural iron work. Mr. Walker is further referred to as a Freemason connected with Lodge St. John.
, (John Kennedy Jamieson, proprietor), Yarrow Street, Invercargill. These works were founded in 1886, and the premises consist of a two-storey brick building, with the moulding departments at the back, the erecting shop in front, and the pattern shop and office on the first floor. The plant consists of a stationary engine of six horse power, with lathes, punching, shearing, and boring machines, steam hammer, and all necessary appliances for- conducting a large business. From six to twelve men are employed, according to the amount of work in hand.
, the Proprietor, was born in 1817, in Edinburgh, Scotland, and was educated at Kelso. He was brought up to the trade of an engineer in Edinburgh and Glasgow, and served as an engineer for four years on the White Star line of steamers, and for six years on the Pacific line, before coming to New Zealand, via Melbourne, in 1878. For eight years after settling in Invercargill, Mr. Jamieson was employed by Mr. Murdoch, sawmiller, and in 1886 founded his present business in Yarrow Street. Before leaving the Old Country he served as a volunteer for some time at Hawick, near Edinburgh, He has been a member of the Clifton school committee, and is attached to the Victoria Lodge of Freemasons, Irish Constitution, of which he is chaplain, and also a Past Master. Mr. Jamieson was married, in 1863. to a daughter of the late Mr. Alexander Fraser, of Edinburgh, and has two sons and two daughters.
. Engineer, Cycle Manufacturer and Importer, Dee Street. Invercargill. This business was established in 1893 in Dee Street. The premises consist of a show room and office and a workshop at the back, running through to Leven Street. There are branches of the business at Dunedi, Milton, Gore, Balclutha. Mataura, Winton, and Drummod. The proprietor makes a specialty of the Phoenix bicycles, which the firm manufactures or imports as required.
was born in Glasgow, Scotland, Scoland, in 1872, and came to Port Chalmers in the ship “Wild Deer,” in 1880. Subsequently he went to Melbourne, where he served an apprenticeship to qualify as an engineer, before establishing his business in Invercargill. Mr. Murie is the pioneer in New Zealand in respect to motors, having introduced and run the first motor launch, cycles and cars, and driven the first car through from Invercargill to Dunedin. On the cycle and motor racing track, he has had many successes, locally and farther north, but the business now demands all his time and attention. Mr. Murie is attached to the Southern Cross Lodge of Freemasons, and is a member of a number of local clubs.
, Cycle and Motor Importer and Manufacturer, Dee Street, Invercargill; and at Main Street, Gore. P.O. Box 220. Telephone 339. Mr. Vickery is the direct representative for the Rover Cycle and Motor Company of Coventry, England, the inventors of the Safety Bicycle; the Raleigh Cycle Company, Nottingham, England; the Swift Cycle Company, Coventry, England; and also for the Victory cycles and motors which are specially built in England to suit the requirements of Southland roads. Mr. Vickery's long experience in the cycle trade has enabled him to choose the most suitable cycles for the requirements of his district. All cycles sold by him are fully guaranteed for two years; and full satisfaction is guaranteed in everything stocked for cycles and motors. The Gore premises were specially built for an up-to-date cycle shop, and fitted with all modern conveniences and plant for manufacturing and repairing cycles and motors, and the branch is under the management of Mr. Frank Vickery.
, the Proprietor, was born in London, in 1873, and at an early age came with his parents to New Zealand. He was educated in Dunedin. At the age of twenty-one he removed to Invercargill and entered into business as a cycle importer in Esk Street, but since 1899 the headquarters have been in Dee Street, where there is a special plant for making every part of a cycle or motor.
(Percy Harry Vickery, proprietor), Tay Street, Invercargill; G. Glennie, manager. The premises in connection with this business consist of a showroom and workshop, and repairs of all kinds are undertaken.
, who has been Manager of the Wira Cycle Works since 1902, was born in 1876, at Queenstown, Otago, and was educated at Invercargill. He learned his trade in Christchurch, where he had experience with Messrs Barlow and Bolton, and Oates, Lowry and Company; and was sent to Napier to open a branch on behalf of the latter firm. He was then employed for two and a half years by Messrs Goddard and McKenzie, of Invercargill, and subsequently entered the service of the Anglo Cycle Company in Dunedin, before being entrusted with the opening of the Wira Cycle Works, for Mr. Vickery. Mr. Glennie was a member of the Linwood Football Club when in Christchurch, and since removing to Invercargill, he has been connected with the Pirates Club, and represented Southland against Canterbury. He was married, in 1900, to a daughter of Mr. J. Bloomfield, of North Invercargill. and has one daughter.
, (George William Woods) Cycle Agents, Dee Street, Invercargill; branches at Gore and Mataura. This business was established in 1902, and the premises consist of a brick-fronted building, with two show windows facing Dee Street. There is a convenient showroom, and a workroom at the back. Machines are built to order from imported B.S.A. parts, and the firm holds special agencies for Massey-Harris and Redbird Cycles.
, the Proprietor, was born in 1876 at Wyndham, where he was educated. He
, Boot and Shoemaker and Importer, Dee Street, Invercargill. Mr. Henderson's business dates from 1897, and is conducted on the ground floor of a brick building, which contains a shop and workshop. The trade carried on consists chiefly in the making of boots and shoes to order. Mr. Henderson was born, in 1870, in Oamaru, whence his parents removed, in 1882, to Invercargill, where he served an apprenticeship with Messrs Thorn and Stead, with whom he continued as an apprentice and journeyman for eight years. On removing to Gore Mr. Henderson was in the service of Mr. F. Thorn for three years, when he was transferred to Invercargill, and opened a branch of the business. After managing this business for a year, he bought it. Mr. Henderson served for seven years in the City Guards. As a Forester he joined Court Star of the South in 1887, and took office, successively, as far as the Sub-Chief Ranger's chair. He was married on the 1st of October, 1902, to the third daughter of the late Mr. H. Stewart, of Gore, and has one son.
, Saddler and Harness Maker, Dee Street, Invercargill. Private residence, North Invercargill. Mr. Kissell occupies central premises, which comprise a shop and workroom, and he keeps a well assorted stock of saddlery and harness. He is referred to in another article as Mayor of North Invercargill.
, (John Stead and William Stead) Boot and Shoe Importers. Dee Street, Invercargill. This firm is well known in the commercial circles of Southland. Both partners are referred to in other articles as members of the Invercargill Borough Council.
, (Mrs. Rachael Lindsay, proprietress), Ham and Bacon Curers, Tay Street, Invercargill. This business was established in 1895, and since 1897 it has been conducted in a large two-storey brick building, originally known as Mitson's Hotel. There is a convenient shop and residence, and a large curing establishment consisting of a concrete curing cellar, and a smoke house. The business has developed rapidly and the firm is noted, not only for dairy fed hams and bacon, but for a special brand of pork sausages. Numerous prizes have been taken at local shows, and also as far away as Christchurch. All goods in which the firm deals are supplied wholesale and retail
, the Founder of the firm, was born in 1860, and was brought up to mercantile life. He gained experience in bacon curing at Invercargill, and established the firm of Lindsay and Co., in 1895. The business developed rapidly, and since his death, in February, 1901. it has been conducted by his widow.
, Butcher, Dee Street, Invercargill. This business was founded in 1891, and the premises occupy the ground floor of a permanent building, and include a shop, a small goods room and office, with a stable at the back. Three carts deliver goods throughout the town and suburbs.
, the Proprietor, was born in 1871, in Dunedin, and attended school at Invercargill, where he was brought by his parents in 1880. He was trained as a draper, and was employed by Messrs Thomson and Beattie for six years. He gave up this trade, however, on account of his health, and turned his attention to his present line of business, in which he gained experience with his brother, Mr. John Thomas Leckie. The firm's name became J. and A. Leckie, and in 1897, on the retirement of Mr. J. T. Leckie, Mr. A. R. Leckie became sole proprietor. He is attached to the Shamrock, Rose and Thistle Lodge of Oddfellows.
, was incorporated in 1882. The works are amongst the most important and extensive in the Middle Island, and the company's operations are greatly on the increase owing to the remarkable expansion of the trade and the splendid pastoral resources of that portion of the province of Southland. In addition to its registered office in Esk Street, Invercargill, the company has establishments at the Bluff, Mataura, and Wallacetown. The storage capacity in the cool chambers at the Bluff is sufficient to accommodate 55,000 carcases, besides fish, butter and eggs. The works at Mataura have accommodation for double that quantity, while the premises at Wallacetown are for slaughtering, and the manufacture of manares. The company's capital up to the end of 1902 amounted to £79,022 (nominal), of which £42,879 was paid up. Dividends of from 21/2 per cent to 5 per cent were paid for the year 1902. Mr. John McQueen is chairman and managing director, and Mr. D. Cochrane secretary; Mr. R. A. Cruikshank, engineer in charge at the Bluff, and Mr. John Hamilton at Mataura.
, Chairman and Managing Director of the Southland Frozen Meat Company, landed at Dunedin in January, 1860, and has been connected with Otago and Southland since that time. For many years Mr. McQueen was engaged in sheep-farming near Waikaka, and was for a number of years a member of the Knapdale Road Board, of which he was also chairman. He is a native of Wigtonshire, Scotland, and has long been prominently connected with the frozen meat industry in Southland. Mr. McQueen was for sometime chairman of the Southland County Council, on which he represented Mataura riding for fifteen years up to 1904.
, formerly General Manager of the Southland Frozen Meat and Export Company, is the eldest son of Mr. Andrew Thompson, who was employed as stationmaster and postmaster in connection with the North Eastern Railway Company for over thirty years, when he retired on a well-earned pension. Mr. Thomas Thompson was born in Sunderland, England, in 1852, and was educated in County Durham and at Richmond, Yorkshire. On leaving school, he entered the service of the railway company in which his father was employed, and remained in the service until 1882, when he came out to New Zealand, via Melbourne. After a short time in the New Zealand Government Railway Department, he joined the New Zealand Meat Preserving Company, and continued in its service until is relinquished business in 1888, Mr. Thompson then commenced on his own account in Winton (T. Thompson), where his son still carries on the business. In 1896 he was appointed General Manager of the Southland Frozen Meat and Export Company, for which he was selected from a numerous body of applicants. Mr. Thompson married Miss Cuthbertson, of Durham, in 1873, and has ten children. He takes a great interest in cycling and athletic sports, and has been vice-president of the Invercargill Cycling Club, as well as a member of the local cricket club.
(Benjamin Gilmore Thompson, manager), Don Street, Invercargill. This company was established in February, 1903, and the retail shop is conducted on the ground floor of a large brick building in Don Street. It has a fine double front, and there is a coal cellar below. A most complete small goods plant, driven by a five-horse power steam engine, is used in connection with the establishment, and various canned and cooked meats, including continental goods not usually made in the colony, are supplied wholesale and retail. A large ham and bacon curing business is carried on, and there are five delivery carts. Sixteen hands are employed, and the company has also retail branches at the Bluff and at Gore.
, Manager of the Southland Meat Company, was born at Woollongong, New South Wales, and was educated at Brighton, Victoria. He served eight years at the soft goods business in Melbourne, and was afterwards engaged in the produce business as a buyer of grain and potatoes on the west coast of Tasmania. Mr. Thompson came to Dunedin, in 1899, and after some experience in gold mining on behalf of Australian capitalists, started a commission agency business at Invercargill, which he carried on until organising the Southland Meat Company in 1893. Mr. Thompson was married, in 1887, to a daughter of the late Mr. Ryton Oldham, of Melbourne, and has two sons and two daughters.
, Butcher and Farmer, Tay Street, Invercargill. This business is carried on in a double-fronted brick building containing a large shop and office, with a small goods room behind. Four delivery carts are employed in connection with the business.
, the Proprietor, was born in 1842, in Cornwall, England, and was brought up to farming. He arrived in Victoria in 1862, and after a year on a station he came to Port Chalmers with sheep in the ship “Champion of the Sea.” Mr. Wills settled in Southland and engaged in farm work for some years before starting a butcher's shop in Queenstown, in 1869. In 1878 he removed to Invercargill as buyer for the firm of Organ and Smith, and continued in that employment till acquiring his present business in 1890. Mr. Wills also owns a farm of 112 acres at Waikiwi, where he used to slaughter for his business. He served as a volunteer for several years at Queens-town, and was successful in winning prizes for rifle shooting. As a Freemason he is attached to Lodge St. John. He has been connected with the racing clubs in Invercargill for the last twenty years, and has acted as judge for the last two years. Mr. Wills was married, in 1871, to Miss Ryan, of Queenstown, but his wife died in March, 1889, leaving five sons and four daughters.
, Fish and Oyster Merchant, Dee Street, Invercargill. This business was established about 1890, and has been conducted by the present proprietor since 1902. The premises, which are situated in a brick building, consist of a shop, luncheon room, kitchen and workroom. Fish and oysters are regularly received, and a good wholesale and retail trade is carried on.
, the Proprietor, was born at Milton, Otago, in 1878, and was apprenticed as a gardener, in Dunedin. He afterwards worked for sometime on the railway before taking over his present business. Mr. Paskell is attached to Court Star of the South, Ancient Order of Foresters.
, (James Henry Pomeroy, James Pomeroy, and Samuel Pomeroy), Fish Merchants, Esk Street, Invercargill. This firm was founded in 1882 by Mr. J. H. Pomeroy, and business was at first carried on in Esk Street, in a small wooden building. In 1902 the firm removed to Don Street, but the place it had there has since been sold and pulled down. The brick building now occupied was leased in 1903, and is the largest fish shop in Invercargill. Messrs Pomeroy own boats at Colac Bay and Pahia, and about twelve persons, in addition to the partners themselves, are engaged in catching, curing and delivering the fish. An extensive wholesale and retail business is carried on. The fish-curing establishment is situated in Catherine Street, North Invercargill, where the large curing sheds and smoke-house stand upon a freehold section, and from half a ton to one ton is treated daily, when obtainable.
, the Founder of the firm, was born in Falmouth, England, became a ship's carpenter, and arrived at Wellington by the ship “Bebington” in 1872. He settled at Invercargill, where he had various experiences until founding the business of which he is now the head. Mr. Pomeroy has contributed articles to the local press on the subject of the fishing and oyster industry and its development, and he is considered an authority on both fresh water and sea trout and salmon. In the early days he was a member of the Garrison Band for five years. Mr. Pomeroy was married, in 1871, to a daughter of the late Mr. Nicholas Brokensha, of Falmouth, England, and has had five daughters and seven sons, of whom three sons have died.
, General Merchant, Dee Street, Invercargill. This business was founded in 1897, and is conducted in a two-storey brick building, which contains a double-fronted shop, with office and storeroom on
the ground floor, and residence above. Mr. Barlow was born in 1853, in Hampshire, England, where he was educated and learned his trade. He came to the Bluff by the ship “Zealandia” in 1872, and has resided in Southland ever since. He was employed at his trade for a number of years, and was with Mr. D. Roche for seventeen years before commencing business on his own account. Mr. Barlow has been a member of the
, (James Miller Brown and Andrew S. Brown), General Merchants and Manufacturing Agents, Esk and Kelvin Streets, Invercargill. This business was established in 1891, and holds agencies for K Jams, Hayward Brothers, W. and G. Turnbull, Newton's Soap, Ferguson and Mitchell, Farra Brothers, Otago Brush Co., the Sydney Salt Agency Co., Butcher Suppliers of Sausage Skins and Butchers' Requisites.
, Senior Partner of the firm, was born in 1844, in Glasgow, where he was educated and brought up to mercantile life. He came to Port Chalmers by the ship “Pladda” in 1861, and lived for about four years in Dunedin.
After some experience in farming at Waikouaiti, Mr. Brown commenced business at Cromwell in 1869, and established the business of D. A. Jolly and Co., now carried on by Mr. Jolly; but six years later he removed to Invercargill, where he carried on business as a grocer, and for several years as a commercial traveller. He established his present business in 1890. At one time Mr. Brown served as a volunteer in the Anderson's Bay Naval Brigade, Dunedin, and he is a Past Master of the Southern Cross Lodge of Freemasons. Mr. Brown was married, in 1879, to a daughter of the late Mr. Andrew Stewart, of Victoria, and has three sons and four daughters.
, General Merchant, Esk Street, Invercargill. This business was established in 1897, and is conducted on the ground floor of a brick building, containing a shop, office and show room. Goods are delivered throughout the town and suburbs. Mr. Jenkins was born in 1866, in Glasgow, Scotland, where he was educated and brought up to the trade of a grocer. He came to the Bluff in 1883 by the barque “Electra,” and after gaining experience with the principal grocers at Invercargill, he started on his own account in 1897. Mr. Jenkins was a member of the Invercargill Rifles for about twenty years, and has been a member of the Garrison (now Battalion) Band since 1885. He is connected with the Shamrock, Rose and Thistle Lodge of the Oddfellows, and has served for a short time on the Invercargill Licensing Committee. Mr. Jenkins was married, in 1898, to a daughter of Mr. James Shirley, farmer, of Fortrose, and has one son and one daughter.
, (Farquhar Matheson and John Matheson), General Merchants, Dee Street, Invercargill. This business was founded in 1863 by the late Mr. D. L. Matheson, under the style of Matheson and Cameron. It has been conducted by the present partners since 1895. Mr. D. L. Matheson is referred to in another article as an old colonist.
, Invercargill branch (Mr. A. F. Hawke, manager). Bankers, National Bank of New Zealand. P.O. Box No. 22; Telegraphic Code, A B C, 4th edition; Cable address, “Mortgage.” This branch was opened in Esk Street in May, 1878, by Mr. G. F. Martin (late of the firm of Messrs. Martin, Maitland and Co., whose business had been acquired by the company). Several years later, the offices were removed to the very handsome block known as Crescent Buildings. In 1882, Mr. Martin was succeeded by Mr. G. A. Birch, and, in 1890, Mr. A. F. Hawke was appointed manager. The premises contain the offices of the manager and staff, and a large wool store; in addition, there are extensive wool and grain stores at the Bluff capable of holding 50,000 sacks of grain.
, J.P., Manager of the National Mortgage and Agency Company's Invercargill branch, is the second son of Mr. Hawke, of Invercargill. He was born at Port Augusta, South Australia, in 1862, and received his education at the Invercargill Grammar School and Monsieur Henri's private school. He entered the counting-house of Messrs Martin, Maitland and Co., and on their business being acquired by the National Mortgage Company, Mr. Hawke joined that institution and was transferred to the Christ-church branch. Subsequently, he was transferred to Dunedin, and in 1890 took charge of the Invercargill branch. During Mr. Hawke's long connection with Invercargill he has taken an active interest in athletic sports of every kind, and has been president of the Invercargill Football Club, and vice-president of the Southland Rugby Union and Invercargill Cycling Club.
, Head Storeman for the National Mortgage and Agency Company of New Zealand Limited, was born in Invercargill in 1869. After leaving school he was apprenticed as a blacksmith with his father, who had a business of his own, and with whom he stayed for about ten years. In 1896 he joined the National Mortgage and Agency Company as storeman; in 1899 was sent to the Bluff branch as head storeman; and became head storeman at Invercargill in December, 1903. Mr. Hughes started playing football as one of the founders of the Star Club, and represented his province from 1890 to 1897. As a runner he won the first St. Patrick's handicap run at Invercargill, and also rowed for one or two seasons. He was for twelve years a member of the G Battery, and was sergeant-major for six years. Mr. Hughes was also Acting-Lieutenant of the Bluff Guards when that corps was formed.
(Hallenstein Brothers and Co.), Southland branch, corner of Dee
, who has been manager of the New Zealand Clothing Factory, at Invercargill, since 1897, was born in 1872, in Christchurch, where he attended school. He learned his trade with Messrs Hobday and Co., and was afterwards for ten years on the staff of the New Zealand Farmers' Co- operative Association. Mr. Murphy's volunteer experience commenced in Christchurch in 1888, when he joined the City Guards. Nine years later he was transferred to the Invercargill. City Guards as sergeant, rose to the rank of lieutenant, and shortly afterwards he became captain of the company. In 1901 he became Captain-Adjutant of the 2nd Battalion Otago Rifle Volunteers. Mr. Murphy was married, in 1899, to a daughter of Mr. James Kirkton, of Orepuki, and has two daughters.
Southland branch, The Crescent, Invercargill. The premises occupied by the local branch of this company consist of a three-and-four-storey brick building, with handsome public and private offices at the front, and large stores behind. The latest elevating appliances are used in connection with the store in dealing with the large quantities of wool and produce that pass through the establishment, a gas engine of eight horse power being used for lifting purposes, and for driving the company's valuable seed-cleaning machinery. The company holds a number of agencies for all classes of machinery and farm requirements. It supplies all farm and station requisites and conducts regular stock sales throughout Southland. There are special agencies of the company established at Gore and the Bluff; and sub-agencies at Otautau, Winton and Wyndham, and these are under the control of the manager of the Southland branch. Mr. J. Callender is manager, Mr. W. F. Scandrett, produce salesman, and Mr. O. W. Strettell, auctioneer. Mr. John Turnbull, for many years manager of the company, is retained as local adviser.
, Manager of the Southland Branch of the New Zealand Loan and Mercantile Agency Company, was born in 1854, in Melbourne. He was educated there, at Edinburgh, Scotland, and at Christchurch, New Zealand, where he arrived in 1868. After five years in the office of Matheson's agency, at that time one of the largest wholesale merchants in Christchurch, he joined the local office of the Loan and Mercantile Company in 1873, and occupied an important position on the staff there untill his promotion to the position of manager of the Southland branch in March, 1899. In February, 1895, he was entrusted by the company (which was appointed agent for the receiver in London) with the liquidation of the old established, and, for years, wealthy and influential firm of Miles and Company, with their branches at Christchurch, Timaru, Ashburton, Rakaia and Ringiora. Mr. Callender is a member of the committee of the Invercargill Chamber of Commerce, and a member of the Southland Agricultural and Pastoral Society. While in Canterbury he was for many years an active member of the Canterbury Rowing Club, and also a member of the Canterbury Lawn Tennis Club, and since removing to Invercargill, has been connected with the local tennis club. Mr. Callender was married, in 1882, to a daughter of the late Colonel F. T. Wroughton, C.B., of the Imperial Indian Army Service, and has three sons and one daughter. His eldest son is employed in the New Zealand Insurance Company, another in the Bank of New Zealand, and the third in the Bank of Australasia.
(George Willis Nichol and Samuel Nichol), Merchants and General Agents, Esk Street, Invercargill, and at Bluff. This business dates from the year 1865.
, Stock and Station Agents, etc., Esk Street, Invercargill. Stores, The Crescent, Invercargill.
, one of the directors of Messrs J. E. Watson and Co., Limited, and manager of the Gore branch, is the eldest son of the late Mr. Alexander Graham, of Edinburgh. He was educated at West Coalgate, Scotland, and emigrated to New Zealand in 1883. For some time he was engaged in mining in the Lake district, In 1888 he entered the service of Messrs J. D. Hunter, wool and grain merchants, East Gore, with whom he remained until the opening of the Gore branch of Messrs Tothill, Watson and Co., wool, grain and seed merchants, in 1890, when he became that firm's local manager. Mr. Graham was admitted to a partnership in the firm in July, 1901, and on the retirement of the senior partner, in July, 1902, the business was taken over by Messrs J. E. Watson and Co., which was afterwards formed into a limited liability company.
, Head Storeman for J. E. Watson and Company, Limited, was born at Moffat, Dumfries, Scotland, in 1858, and, after leaving school, worked in the gas works, of which his father was manager. He then entered the service
, was founded in June, 1901, at Gore, but the head office was transferred to Invercargill in October of the same year. The Association's premises in Liddell Street consist of a two-storey brick building with public and private offices, and a general store, on the ground floor; and storage for bulk goods, wool, and skins on the upper flat. All branches of business connected with the farming community are conducted by the company, and the auction sales of stock and produce are regularly held throughout Southland. A branch of the business is conducted at Gore, and there is an agency at Otautau. In November, 1903, about 2,700 £5 shares had been allotted, and the balance for the year showed £936 to the credit of profit and loss account. Mr. A. Murdock is chairman, Mr. J. Gray, vice-chairman, and there is a strong board of directors. Mr. M. Carr is manager. A large building, combining store and offices is now (1904) being erected in Leet Street, and will cover nearly half an acre. The store is intended to be specially suitable for displaying wool for local auction sales.
, General Merchant, Corner of Jed and Yarrow Streets, Invercargill. This business was established in November, 1895, and is conducted in a one-storey building, containing shop, office and storeroom. A general up-to-date stock is maintained, and the goods are delivered throughout the district. In 1903, in conjunction with Mr. Harrison, the proprietor purchased the business of Mr. F. C. Delaney, at Colac Bay, and this is now conducted as a branch, under the name of Waugh and Harrison.
was born in Invercargill, educated at the Central School, and brought up to mercantile life with various local firms. He is attached to Court Star of the South, Ancient Order of Foresters, and is a member of the Invercargill Cycling Club.
, Stock and Station Agents and Auctioneers; Southland Branch, The Crescent, Invercargill; head office, Dunedin. The Southland branch of this well known firm was established in 1896. The premises include a large four-storey brick building on the Crescent, and there is a seed-cleaning plant and a large wool store in a fine building in Tweed Street. Regular auction sales of stock and produce are held periodically throughout the district. Mr. W. D. Hunt, the resident partner and manager in Southland, is further referred to as vice-president of the Invercargill Chamber of Commerce.
, Seed Merchant and Nurseryman, Dee Street, Invercargill. Mr. Cleave is one of the leading horticulturists and seedsmen of Southland, and his nursery gardens have a wide reputation. He was born at Nottingham, England, in 1832, and learned gardening under his father, but left that occupation to engage in commercial pursuits, which he followed until leaving
England for Melbourne in the ship “William,” in 1854. Arriving at Port Phillip in January, 1855, during the height of the Victorian gold-fever, he followed for some years the various “rushes,” and was engaged in quartz reefing at Bendigo. In 1862 Mr. Cleave crossed over to New Zealand, was on the Otago goldfields for twelve months, and started his present business in Invercargill in 1863. During the years 1864–56
, Viti-culturist, East Road, Invercargill. Mr. Horne was born in 1858, in New Orleans, United States of America, whence he removed with his parents in the first ship after the American war, during which his father organised the British Fusiliers, in New Orleans, for the protection of life and property. The family went to reside in Clifden, County Galway, Ireland, and resided there up to the time of his father's death in 1868, when they removed to Liverpool, England, where they resided till they left for New Zealand. One of Mr. Horne's forefathers was band-master under King William, when that monarch proceeded to the subjugation of Ireland, and his grandmother was a daughter of Kildare Tarlton, of Bally-lavin House, King's County, Ireland. Mr. Horne was seven years at sea, and arrived at Port Chalmers in October, 1879, by the ship “Nelson,” He was employed for about two years in the Dunedin Corporation's gas department, and was for four years in the grocery business. In 1886 he removed to Invercargill, where he entered business as a bacon curer and poulterer, etc., and supplied the Union Steamship Company for some years. He was in business for about ten years, and during that time he made a special study of fruit cultivation, and was very successful in the cultivation of tomatoes and grapes, of which he has exhibited some very large bunches. Mr. Horne has four acres of land on the East Road devoted to the cultivation of various fruits, and one acre of the area is under glass. He also has ten acres at Myross Bush, and that, too, is devoted to fruit growing. Mr. Horne yearly produces large quantities of tomatoes, and has sold £350 worth of various kinds of fruits in a season. The property has been brought to its present condition from its original virgin state by Mr. Horne. Mr. Horne was married, in February, 1882, to a daughter of the late John Whitfield Starford, confectioner, of Birmingham, England, and has four sons and four daughters.
(James A. Lennie, senior; John A. Lennie; James L. Lennie, junior; and Thomas D. Lennie), Nurserymen, Seedsmen, Fruiterers, and Florists, Waikiwi Nursery, and 34 Dee Street, Invercargill. The present firm was formed in 1886, but the well-known Waikiwi nursery established in 1865 by Mr. James Cooper, was acquired by Mr. Lennie in 1888. It consists of thirteen acres of land, situated on either side of the North Road, and is beautifully laid out in flowers, shrubs, fruit and forest trees, in which a large trade is done. Such of the seeds as cannot be advantageously grown in the colony are imported from well-known London firms, and an extensive wholesale and retail trade is carried on; and the firm's business connections extend throughout New Zealand. The business is now practically carried on by the sons mentioned, under the able supervision of their senior, and in their energetic hands the reputation of “Lennie's” is not likely to diminish.
, the Senior Partner, was born in 1835, at Helensburgh, Dumbartonshire, Scotland, and after leaving school was trained to the nursery business. He was employed at Arden Caple Castle, the seat of the Duchess of Argyll, and was subsequently for two years at the Edinburgh Botanical Gardens, then at Collington House, near Edinburgh, under Lord Dunfermline. Mr. Lennie had also three years' service at Eglinton Castle, the famous seat of the Earl of Eglinton. He then crossed to Ireland, under engagement to Lord Powerscourt, as head gardener, and remained there seven years. The colonies were then attracting much notice as a
field for enterprise, and, with others. Mr. Lennie came to the Bluff by the ship “Robert Henderson,” in 1862. For a number of years he was employed by Southland gentlemen in connection with their establishments before taking over his present business in 1886. Mr. Lennie was a member of the Invercargill Borough Council for three years, and also served on the Southland County Council and the Charitable Aid Board. He has been connected with First Church since settling in Invercargill, and is now an
, Nurseryman, Seedsman and Florist, Dee Street, Invercargill, and North Road Nursery, Waikiwi The North Road Nursery was originally established by the father of the present proprietor, the late Mr. J. E. Perry, who commenced at West Plains. In 1891 Mr. Perry, senior, secured five acres on the North Road, and more land, amounting to six acres, was bought at Gladstone. There are now fully four acres altogether in nursery stock of all kinds, and there are tens of thousands of trees in all stages of development.
, Proprietor of the North Road Nursery, was born in 1878, in Invercargill, where he was educated and brought up to the nursery business by his father. He gained experience in different centres of the colony, and after his father's death in 1899, he continued the business, which he had previously managed for some time, on his own account. Mr. Perry has served as a member of the Southland Mounted Rifles, and took rank as corporal in 1900. As an Oddfellow he is a member of Lodge St. George, Manchester Unity. He is also a member of the Invercargill Rowing Club, and was stroke for the representative crew that competed successfully against Otago in 1902 and 1903. Mr. Perry is also interested in football, and represented Southland in the match against Canterbury in 1903.
, (Gordon Brown), Booksellers, Stationers, and Fancy Goods Dealers, Corner of Tay and Kelvin Streets. Invercargill. This business, which was established by the present proprietor in 1900, occupies a two-storey brick building containing a large corner shop with handsome show windows, and storerooms above. Stationery, fancy goods and crockery are regularly imported, and a well assorted stock is maintained.
was born in 1882, at Invercargill, where he was educated, and learned his business with Messrs Wesney Brothers. He continued in the service of that firm until founding his present business. Mr. Brown takes an interest in Young Men's Christian Association work, and is a member of the local Association's committee, and also a local preacher.
Bookseller, Stationer, Tobacconist, and Hairdresser, Dee Street, Invercargill. This business was founded in 1884, and has been conducted by the present proprietor since June, 1903. An up-to-date stock of all lines is maintained, and there is a well appointed saloon with two chairs behind the shop.
was born in 1872, at Hawthorn, Victoria, educated at the Christian Brothers' College at East Melbourne, and brought up to a mercantile life in that city. He came to Invercargill at the end of 1902, and acquired his present business at the beginning of the following year. Mr. Keane is well-known as a crickter, and was connected with several Melbourne clubs. He was also a member of the Fitzroy Eleven in Melbourne, and played in many important matches. He came over to New Zealand as coach for the Southland Cricket Association, and in 1903 was a member of the Southland Star Club's First Eleven. Mr. Keane was married, in 1903, to a daughter of Mr. A. Young, of Brighton, Victoria.
, General Printer, Temple Buildings, Esk Street, Invercargill. Without serving any apprenticeship to this trade Mr. Smith appeared to drift into it, and founded his present business in 1885. He Has displayed much facility in picking up the points of the trade, and his business has developed satisfactorily from its inception, notwithstanding the serious fire in which he practically lost the whole of his plant in 1896. During his time Mr. Smith has trained many well-known printers, who have
, General Storekeeper, corner of Ythan and Deveron Streets. Invercargill. This business was established about 1885, and has been conducted by the present proprietor since 1903. The premises consist of a wood and iron building, containing shop, office, store and dwelling. Mr. Gaffney was born at Wellington, and was educated at the South School, Invercargill. He learned his trade with Mr. McLean, of Tweed Street, and was afterwards with Mr. R. Jenkins, for several years, before taking over his present business. Mr. Gaffney served three years in the Invercargill City Guards; and has passed all the chairs in Court Star of the South, Ancient Order of Foresters. He was married, in 1904, to a daughter of Mr. Richard Richards, of Invercargill.
(Thomas Fleming, John Rennie, and William Herbert Pollock Fleming), Flour Millers and Grain Merchants, Athenaeum Chambers, Dee Street, Invercargill, Mills; Tyne and Conon Streets, Invercargill, and at Winton. There is a full roller plant at the Tyne Street mill, which has a capacity of six sacks per hour; the mill at Winton has a capacity of three sacks per hour.
This large business was originally established by Mr. T. Fleming and Mr. P. L. Gilkison, in 1872, under the style of Fleming and Gilkison; but was changed to its present constitution in 1902. The old mills in Invercargill were burned down in 1889, and the present one was erected in the following year. It is a four-storey brick building, and contains the most modern roller flour milling plant. The engines consist of one horizontal compound condensing 25-horse power nominal, capable of being worked up to 80-horse power. The boiler is of 30-horse power nominal, with a capacity of 120 lbs pressure, and the entire works are lighted by electricity generated on the premises. Messrs Davie, Paxman and Co., of Colchester. England, made the engine and boiler, and all the milling plant was manufactured by T. Robinson and Son, of Rochdale, England. The wheat is tipped into a receiving bin at the basement, and passes through separators and cylinders, being treated with hot and cold air, and when quite cold enters the milling machines, and passes through the entire plant automatically. It is consigned into bags containing from twenty-five to 200 lbs, and is then ready for the market without further handling. The mill is connected with the railway by a siding; and when on full time, twelve men are employed.
, the Senior Partner in the firm, was born in 1848 at Holm Farm, on the banks of the river Avon. Stonehouse, Lanarkshire, Scotland, and was educated at the Glassford parish school. Sailing for New Zealand in 1862, together with his parents and nine brothers and sisters, in the ship “Storm Cloud,” he landed at the Bluff in December of that year, and was engaged in farming with his parents for a number of years before establishing the milling business in 1872, in conjunction with Mr. P. L. Gilkison. For some time he took an interest in municipal affairs; he represented
, one of the partners in the firm of Fleming and Company, was born in 1866, at Rosebank, Lanarkshire, Scotland. He was educated at St. John's Academy, Hamilton, and came to Wellington by the s.s. “Kaikoura” in 1887. Shortly afterwards, Mr. Rennie removed to Southland, and entered the service of Messrs Fleming and Gilkison, as accountant. He served in this position until 1901, when he became manager of the local branch of the New Zealand Flour Millers' Association, and joined the firm as a partner on its reconstitution in 1902. As a Freemason Mr. Rennie is attached to Lodge Southern Cross. He was married, in 1895, to a daughter of Mr. Thomas Fleming, of Invercargill, and has three daughters.
, Head Miller at the Invercargill Roller Flour Mills, is the eldest son of the late Mr. Charles Gardiner, who founded the first mill in the district at Waihopai, about 1865. Mr. Gardiner was educated at the Central School, and commenced his milling experience at the age of fifteen, with the firm of Fleming and Gilkison—now Fleming and Company. He worked through all the grades of the service, and was placed in full control in 1898. Mr. Gardiner served as a volunteer for three years in the G Battery, and is attached to Lodge St. George, Manchester Unity, Independent Order of Oddfellows, in which he has passed all the chairs. He was married, in February, 1893, and has four sons and two daughters.
, Storekeeper and Merchant, Dee Street, Invercargill. This business was established by the proprietor in Dee Street in 1887. The premises now occupied have been altered and adapted to suit the requirements of the business. The building, which is of brick, was originally an auction mart, but it has been transformed into a spacious double-fronted shop, with an office and storeroom behind. Mr. Stirling is referred to in another article as a member of the Invercargill Borough Council.
(George Taylor Lawrence), Manufacturers of the well-known Lion Brand of jams, Maple Grove Farm, Seaward Bush, Invercargill. “Maple Grove” comprises 300 acres, of which thirteen acres are devoted to fruit growing, practically all the fruit required being grown on the farm. The orchard is sheltered by native timber, and the fruit—of which there is a good assortment—grows very well. In the orchard there is a greenhouse 50 feet by 26 feet, and a vinery, 28 feet by 17 feet. The annual output now averages about twenty-five tons of jam, and has increased from about eighteen hundred-weight in the first year of manufacture. The actual work of the factory is done by Mr. Lawrence and members of his family, and outside assistance is called in for the fruit gathering. The buildings include: a jam-making room, 26 feet by 26 feet; a packing room, 28 feet by 16 feet; storerooms (two floors), 32 feet by 18 feet and 24 feet by 16 feet; another storeroom, 20 feet by 12 feet; and a timber drying shed, 28 feet by 20 feet. A vertical four-horse power engine is used for heating the jam pans, and also drives a saw to cut timber for making the boxes. The jam jars are imported.
was born in 1859, at Maple Grove Farm, where his father had settled in 1857. He started the jam-making industry in 1891, and the business has increased so rapidly that the produce from the orchard and factory is now well known throughout the South Island. Mr. Lawrence was married, in 1892, to a daughter of Mr. Samuel Evans, draper, Dunedin, and has two sons and one daughter. Mr. Lawrence's mother, who came to Port Chalmers from Melbourne, in 1855, still (1904) resides on the farm.
, (William Cruikshank, proprietor), Invercargill. This mill was established by the proprietor in 1902, and stands upon part of his property, of 460 acres of freehold. The building is of wood and iron, and a water-wheel is the first power used. There is a full twine spinning plant, and a large number of spindles are constantly at work. Mr. Cruikshank owns four flax mills—at Kennington, Watuatuka, Gap Road, and Tuturan. He draws his supplies
, Proprietor of the Rosedale Twine Mills, was born in Aberdeenshire, Scotland, in 1829, and arrived at the Bluff in 1863, by the ship “New Great Britain.” He found employment at the first work that came to his hands, and after a time was able to buy a team of horses and a dray. For about ten years he was employed in contracting, and in the making of roads and other improvements at Invercargill, before purchasing a section of bush—the nucleus of the Rosedale estate—which he has steadily improved. Mr. Cruikshank commenced to supply firewood from his bush, and afterwards erected a sawmill, with which he cut out all the available timber. In 1902 he built a woollen mill on his own property. This mill, which consists of a single storey brick building, with top light, contains a very fine plant, including a thirty-five horse power steam engine, and all the necessary machinery, which was specially imported. Mr. Cruikshank was married, in 1850, to a daughter of Mr. Thomas Imlah, of Aberdeenshire, and has had six daughters and two sons, of whom one daughter has died.
, Watchmaker and Jeweller, Dee Street, Invercargill. Mr. Ferguson was born in Inverness, Scotland, on the 8th of May, 1853, and is the eldest son of Mr. William Ferguson, clothier, of Inverness. He was educated at the High School of his native city, and was apprenticed to Mr. P. G. Wilson, the Court jeweller of the northern capital of the Highlands, but completed his term in Glasgow. In 1875 he landed at Invercargill, in the ship “Christian McCausland,” which was quarantined for a month. After three years at Mr. Louis Rodgers' establishment, Mr. Ferguson commenced business for himself, subsequently entering into partnership with Mr. Rein. In 1886 and 1887, he visited West Australia and Victoria, but afterwards returned to Invercargill, where he has since resided.
, Watchmaker, Tay Street, Invercargill, Mr. T. J. Lumsden is the fifth son of the late Mr. George Lumsden, and was born in Geelong, Victoria, in 1854. The family settled in Invercargill in 1861, and Mr. Lumsden was educated and apprenticed in his adopted city. After serving his apprenticeship and working for some time for his father, he commenced business in 1878 on his own account, and still carries it on. He married Mary, daughter of Mr. James McNatty, who formerly belonged to the famous Invercargill Garrison Band, and is the father of nine children, five boys and four girls. Mr. Lumsden was a member of the American and Manchester Order of Oddfellows, and held the position of treasurer of the Working Men's Club for three years.
(William Nicol and John Littlejohn Nicol). Watchmakers and Electro-platers, Dee Street, Invercargill. This business was established in 1883, by the late Mr. W. Nicol, who was joined by his son, the present senior partner, under the style of Nicol and Son. He died in 1893, and Mr. W. Nicol carried on the business till 1903, when the present partnership was entered into. An electro-plating plant, including a dynamo and engine, has been imported, and there are complete appliances for the deposition of all kinds of metals, under a pressure of 1000 volts of electrical energy.
, the Senior Partner, was born in Kirriemuir, Scotland, in 1870, and came to Port Chalmers with his parents by the ship “Nelson” in 1875. He learned his business with his father, whom he afterwards joined in partnership. Mr. Nicol is very fond of music, and has taken part in a number of productions by musical societies in Wellington and
, the Junior Partner, was born at Ballarat in 1881, and educated at Invercargill. He made a special study of electrical work in Sydney, where he was employed in the Railway Workshops until 1902. Mr. Nicol joined his brother in partnership in 1903.
, Watchmaker and Jeweller, Tay Street, Invercargill. After serving an apprenticeship to his trade, Mr. Rankin took a tour throughout New Zealand, and on returning to Southland at the end of 1895, he started business in Tay Street. He is both a watchmaker and manufacturing jeweller, and turns out medals and jewellery of all kinds connected with the trade. Mr. Rankin is further referred to as a Freemason in connection with Lodge St. John, Invercargill
, Watchmaker, Dee Street, Invercargill. Mr. Rein was born at Bergan, Norway, on the 7th of September, 1852, and is the eldest son of Mr. Niels Rein. He was educated and apprenticed to his trade in his native place. In 1875 Mr. Rein emigrated to New Zealand in the ship “Star of China,” and worked for Messrs. Peterson and Co., watchmakers, of Christ-church, for two years. Going to Invercargill, he obtained employment at the establishment of the late Mr. Charles Freeman, in whose service he remained till 1881, when he joined Mr. Alexander Ferguson, the firm trading as Rein and Ferguson. In 1886 the partnership was dissolved, and Mr. Rein opened his present handsome and well-stocked establishment in Dee Street.
has a single line of tramway, which extends nearly three miles, from the Post Office to Waikiwi. A half-hour service is maintained each way, and two cars are regularly in commission. On special occasions as many as four cars are run, and twenty-one horses are employed. The stables are at Gladstone, where the company has forty-four acres of land and ample paddock accommodation. The stables, which are of wood and iron, contain fourteen stalls and two loose boxes.
, Manager of the Invercargill and Suburban Tramway Company, was born in Edinburgh, in February, 1846, and arrived at Port Chalmers in 1858 by the ship “Jura.” Mr. Hastie attended a night school, and started work in one of the Dunedin stables. For some years afterwards he worked under his father, Mr. Alexander Hastie, as a carrier. Subsequently, with his brother, he took over his father's business, which was worked by the firm of T. and A. Hastie, for about twenty-two years. After selling out his interest in this business, Mr. Hastie made a tour of Australia. On his return to Dunedin he took the contract to work the city trans, for which he provided his own horses, and carried on the service for nearly four years. At the end of that time he sold his horses, and made two trips to Calcutta with New Zealand horses. Mr. Hastie was afterwards manager of the horse cars at Roslyn, Dunedin, for about five years. In August, 1903, he took up his present duties in Invercargill. While in Dunedin, Mr. Hastie was for seven years a member of the Volunteer Fire Brigade. He joined the Pioneer Lodge of Oddfellows in Dunedin, in 1864, and passed all the chairs, including those of the Grand Lodge. He was married, on the 6th of February, 1873, to a daughter of the late Mr. John Allen, and has two daughters.
, Don Street, Invercargill; Head Office, Dunedin. The Invercargill branch of the New Zealand Express Company has its offices on the ground floor of Messrs Butter-worth's building in Don Street; the store is a large brick building, at the corner of Nith Street. About eight teams are employed in the delivery and collection of goods, and the stabling is at the back of the office in Don Street.
(Frank H. King, proprietor), Tay and Esk Streets, Invercargill. These stables, which are situated at the back of the Empire Hotel, have entrances from both Tay and Esk Streets. The buildings are of wood and iron, and have accommodation for thirty horses, in addition to plenty of covered standing room for traps. Mr. King was born in 1880, at Temuka, where he attended the District High School, and was brought up to an outdoor life, in which he had experience in driving and breaking horses, in farm work, and
(Archibald McCallum and William Asher), Sawmillers and Timber Merchants; Head Office, Clyde Street, Invercargill. This firm has sawmills at Forest Hill, Kapuka, South Port, Round Hill, Colac, Ermedale, Glenburn, and Fairfax; from all of which there is a very large output of timber. The timber consists of red, white and black pine, and there is also some miro and totara; and twenty-five persons are employed in connection with the mills. The firm has branch offices at Dunedin, Oamaru, Kelso, Gore and Winton.
, one of the partners of the firm of McCallum and Company, was born in 1832, at Elgin, Morayshire, Scotland. His father was a wheelwright, but he himself was brought up to farming. He arrived at Port Chalmers by the ship “Alpine,” on the 19th of September, 1859, and travelled to Invercargill by a small steamer, the “Geelong,” which landed its passengers on the beach on Christmas Day, 1859. Mr. Asher worked at Stewart Island for about eighteen months, and then had some experience at Gabriel's Gully. He was also road contracting for a time, and with Messrs McCallum, Muldoch and Dalgleish, joined in founding the firm of McCallum and Company in 1864. McCallum and Co. own a farm of 200 acres at Seaward Bush, and have 1800 acres at Morton Mains. One of the first works Mr. Asher undertook was to erect a bridge over the Puni Creek, for the Otago Provincial Government. Mr. Asher was married, in 1862, to a daughter of the late Mr. James Harrold, of Morayshire, and has one daughter and one son.
(George F. Murdoch, proprietor), Oteramika Road. Mr. Murdoch's plant consists of an eight-horse power portable engine, which drives the saws, and a five-horse power hauling engine. It is intended to start shortly at Stewart Island with a much larger plant. Mr. Murdoch was born in 1866, at Invercargill, where he was educated, and went into the office of his father, Mr. George Murdoch, timber merchant, and remained there six or seven years. He started sawmilling in 1903. Mr. Murdoch was married, in 1892, to a daughter of Mr. W. Young, Town Clerk of Invercargill, and has three sons and two daughters.
, (J. Hensley, Managing Partner), Sawmillers and Timber Merchants, Invercargill. Office, Esk Street, Invercargill; branch offices, Dunedin and Christchurch. This company has up-to-date steam sawmills situated at Otautau, Te Tua, Otapiri, and Kamahai, near Edendale. The mill at Otautau was erected in 1903, and is capable of producing over 6000 feet per day; the other three mills each produce from 4000 feet to 5000 feet daily. The Company's operations extend over Otago. Southland and Canterbury, and its connection is still increasing.
(William Timpany, Robert Timpany, and Thomas Timpany), Sawmillers and Timber Merchants; Head Office, Forth Street, Invercargill. Sawmills at Pahia, Timpany's Siding, Waimatua, and Fairfax. This large business was established in 1883, and the mills belonging to the firm are able to produce six million feet of timber per annum. The wood is chiefly of the red, white and black pine varieties, and from eighty to a hundred persons are employed in connection with the work. The head office of the firm in Forth Street is a large wood and iron building, where an immense stock of all kinds of timber is maintained. The produce of the firm is in large demand throughout Southland, Otago, and Canterbury.
, Senior Partner in the firm of Timpany Brothers, was born in 1858, in Ayrshire, Scotland, where he received his education. He landed at the Bluff, in 1875, by the ship “Christian McCausland,” and found employment in connection with the Southland Sawmills till 1883, when he founded the firm of Timpany Brothers. The firm's first sawmill was on the Mataura river, where the Kahikatea Bush was worked out; and the other mills were subsequently erected. Mr. Timpany was for several years a member of the Mataura Licensing Committee, and also served on the Fortrose school committee, and was chairman of the Kapuka school committee. He was initiated as a Freemason in the local Lodge at
, Farmer; “Chatsworth,” East Road, Invercargill. Mr. Adamson was born at Dunfermline, Dumfries-shire, Scotland, in August, 1830, and early gamed experience in connection with horses in his native place. He arrived in Victoria in 1859, and four years later Crossed to Otago. For some time he found employment in driving waggons on the roads, and afterwards worked a team between Invercargill and Switzers, until the opening of the railway to Gore, when he settled on his present property at East Road. Most of the land was then covered with bush, but has now been cultivated, and dairying was largely carried on until 1901. Mr. Adamson has cut up a large portion of his estate for closer settlement, and has named it the township of Adamson. The 240 acres which he retained for himself are devoted to sheep farming. Mr. Adamson was married, in 1853, to a daughter of Mr. Henry Addie, of Dumfries-shire, Scotland. His wife died in 1900, leaving three sons and one daughter.
, Farmer, Bay Road, Invercargill, Mr. King was born in 1840 at Branchley, Kent, England, and brought up to country life. He arrived at the Bluff in 1874, by the ship “William Davie,” and about two years later took up 108 acres of freehold at Bay Road, where he carries on dairying and mixed farming. The whole block was originally covered with bush, with the exception of a small portion of swamp, but now about fifty acres are under plough, and there is also some surface sown land. Mr. King was married, on the 21th of November, 1801, to a daughter of the late Mr. George Style, of Kent, England, and has one daughter.
, Settler, Invercargill. Mr. Phillips is a son of a captain in the Militia, and Was born at Newtown Park, Dear Dublin, Ireland, in 1845. He attended School at Longford, where he was brought tip to a country life. Mr Phillips came to Port Chalmers in 1865 by the ship “Parisian,” and transhipped to the Bluff in the s.s. “Claude Hamilton.” About ten years later he bought 109 acres of land on the East Road, Invercargill, cultivated his property and worked it as a dairy farm till 1903, when he sold it for £20 an acre, and settled in the town. Mr. Phillips was initiated as a Freemason under the English Constitution in Invercargill, and is attached to the Shamrock, Rose and Thistle Lodge of Oddfellows. He was married, in 1898, to a daughter of the late Thomas Brass, of Invercargill, and has two sons and one daughter.
, Settler, North Road, Invercargill. Mr. Stobo was born in 1815, in Dumfries-shire, Scotland, and was educated in Kireud-brightshire, whither his parents had removed when he was five years old. He was brought up to a country life, and farmed on his own account in Scotland, for thirteen years, before coming to Port Chalmers by the s.s. “Kaikoura” in 1885. Mr. Stobo took up land at Edendale, where he resided for a year, and then became manager of the Wyndham Dairy Factory. Two years later he leased the Waimatuku Dairy Factory, which he ultimately purchased, and worked the property for sixteen years, until he sold out his interest in 1903. Mr. Stobo has been connected with the Waimatuku school committee for the last five years, and has acted as secretary, chairman and treasurer repectively. He was a member of the National Dairy Association for a number of years, and was a regular attendant at its annual conference. Mr. Stobo was married, in 1895, to a daughter of Mr. John Douglas, of Auchmeddan, Lesmahagow, Scotland, and sister of Dr. Douglas, of Frankton Hospital, Queenstown; and has three daughters.
, Flaxmill Contractor, Liddell Street, Invercargill. Mr. Raeside is a son of Mr. John Raeside, cattle dealer, Paisley, and was born at Partick, Glasgow Scotland, in 1874. He served two years at bookbinding, and was then employed at general work for a short period, before leaving for New Zealand in 1889. On his arrival in Invercargill he went to work with his uncle, Mr. Raeside, a well known confection er, and remained with him for about three years. After a year spent at farm work, Mr. Raeside started contracting in connection with flaxmill work—particularly scutching and pad-docking—which he has since followed in various parts of Southland.
It may not be inappropriate to slate, by way of preface to this section, that originally a large part of the site of Invercargill was covered with dense bush. The whole of the upper terrace northward from Puni creek was covered with very heavy timber in 1859, while southward from the creek there was an extensive area completely taken up with swamp, rank tussocks and flax. Eleven years later Tay Street, though cleared of bush, had no metal on it. At the same date Dee Street was only partly cleared, and the road northward from the site of the present hospital was a mere bush track, with pit-sawyers at work in the bush where there are now populous and well-formed streets. At that time the population of Invercargill did not exceed 200 persons, and the town had two stores; two small buildings in which the Bank of New South Wales and the Union Bank conducted business; and three hotels, which would now be described as shanties. Overland communication with Dunedin—then also a raw young-colonial town—was carried on by means of a two-horse van between Invercargill and Clinton, and with a larger coach between Clinton and Dunedin. Traffic by sea was conducted by means of a small vessel that entered at the New River, came up Puni creek, and unloaded at the site of the present Rank of New Zealand. When gold was discovered in the Lake Wakatipu country. Invercargill became almost depopulated; the cost of cartage from the settlement to Kingston was £100 per ton, or £10 for one sack of flour. It is said that the price of oats rose as high as 16s. 6d. per bushel, and that, on one occasion, oats became so scarce that oatmeal was given to the horses in order to keep them alive. Reminiscences like these may help people of later times to realise some of the difficulties which had to be faced and overcome by the early colonists, a few of whom are referred to in this section, and some of these are still, happily, in the land of the living. Country settlers as well as town residents are referred to here together as old colonists. The conductors of the Cyclopedia would willingly have given many more biographies, but it is now a difficult matter to obtain the facts and dates that are essential to the value of such sketches.
, sometime of Dunrobin and Woodstock stations, Southland, had a varied experience as a pioneer colonist. He was born in London, in 1820, and when he was only two years of age his father emigrated to Tasmania, where he became a landowner and was engaged in business. As he grew up Mr. Basstian joined his father in farming and runholding, and also carried on business for a number of years on his own account in Hobart as a wholesale wine and spirit merchant. In 1858 he was one of a number of Tasmanian gentlemen who resolved to come over to New Zealand, to which he had, during the previous year, sent a cargo of sheep, most of which were landed safely at the Bluff, under the charge of his brother, Mr. W. D. Basstian. Mr. Basstian took up what has ever since been known as Dunrobin—so named because the sheep came from a Tasmanian run of that name—which he held until a few months prior to his death; he also secured a 2000 acre block to the north of Long Bush, which he occupied and improved under the name of Woodstock. Mr. Basstian was a man of great energy, and took a very prominent part in all public matters. He sat in the House of Representatives for some time as member for Wallace; was a member of the Provincial Council of Southland, and also of Otago; had been a member of the Wallace County Council from its formation, and was its chairman for some time; he was also a member of the Southland Hospitals and Charitable Aid Board at its institution, and was one of the Southland Hospital Trustees at the time of bis death. He took a great interest in acclimatisation, and was a prominent member of the society; and was likewise president of the Invercargill Club. Mr. Basstian died in Invercargill in 1895.
, who was well-known for many years in Southland, was the sixth son of Mr. John Brodrick, shipowner, of Hull, England, and was born in that town in the year 1819. He was brought up to a seafaring life, on one of his father's vessels, and served an apprenticeship of live years. In 1846 he gained a master's first-class certificate, and was in command of vessels trading in most parts of the world, until he left the sea in 1853. During that period he had charge of ships visiting Australia, and is said to have conveyed the first 50,000 ounces of gold to the Old Country, and at one time to have been in charge of a troop ship of the Royal Navy. In 1860, Captain Brodrick landed at Auckland from the ship “Nimrod,” after a very long voyage. For some time he engaged in agricultural pursuits, at Whangarei, but left that district in consequence of the trouble which white settlers then frequently had with
, sometime of Centre Island, near Riverton. was born at the foot of Ben Nevis, Inverness-shire, Scotland, in 1822. He was the youngest son of Mr. John Cameron, a well-known sheep and cattle dealer, who was popularly known in Scotland as “Corry-Choillie,” the name of one of his pastoral properties. The subject of this notice was educated mainly at the local parish school, and after serving three years in Her-Majesty's 93rd Sutherland Highlanders, was employed by his father in selling sheep and cattle in the south of Scotland and in various counties of England. Mr. Cameron left Scotland for Victoria in 1850, sailing from Greenock in the ship “Geelong” (Captain Bart), and arrived in Melbourne on the celebrated “Black Thursday” in 1851. Shortly after his arrival, in conjunction with his brothers, John and David Cameron, of Portland Bay, he became part owner of the Morrambro station, Mosquito Plains. South Australia. In 1855, he left Melbourne for Otago in the ship “Gil Blas” (Captain Nicol), one of his fellow passengers being the Hon. W. H. Reynolds, who was then acting as Immigration Agent for Otago in Victoria. Mr. Cameron, being pleased with the country, purchased an interest in the Mount Hindon station, together with Mr. J. Hyde Harris, but, owing to the great difficulty of access and other reasons, the venture did not prove a success, and the station eventually fell into other hands. After revisiting Victoria and making a short stay in that colony. Mr. Cameron returned to New Zealand and took up land in the Waicola district in Southland, which he stocked with sheep driven across country from Dunedin, but subsequently sold out to Mr. William Martin of Melbourne. Mr. Cameron next took up some good sheep country in the neighbourhood of Lake Wakatipu, including the first station property. “Glenquoich,” in that district, and the “Upper Glenquoich.” or Bucurochi station; also “Glenfalloch,” on the Nokomai river, and the “Devil's Staircase,” in the Nevis country. He afterwards became proprietor of the Mount Linton station, which he worked for some time, and subsequently sold to Mr, A. M. Clark. Mr. Cameron was married, in 1857, to the eldest daughter of Captain Howell, one of the earliest settlers of Southland. Through his wife's influence and interest in Maori lands, he acquired Centre Island, hoping to spend his declining years in peace on that retired spot. Mr. Cameron's colonial career had been marked by more than ordinary vicissitude and hardship, and, though a man of wonderful activity, the constant strain of those early days of colonising told upon him very effectively. It was for this reason that he betook himself to the solitary insular home in which he lived peacefully with his family for thirty years. Latterly Mr. Cameron resided at Riverton, where he died in 1898. It was stud of him that “no one who ever resided in Southland did more, in a quiet unostentatious way, to open up the country and make it known, both in the interior and on the coast.” Mr. Cameron was intimately acquainted with all the first settlers in the district, and with the settlements they occupied, and could count more than two score of able men whom he had survived, besides numerous others who had left the country in disgust at the difficulties in the way of settlement.
arrived at Port Chalmers on the 28th of January, 1861, by the ship “Lady Egidia.” He was born in 1848, in Ayrshire, Scotland, and educated in his native place; and he accompanied his father, the late Mr. Allan Galt, to New Zealand. For the first six years after his arrival he was associated with his father, who was a timber merchant in Dunedin. He also had a short experience at Gabriel's Gully. In 1866 he took up land at Mataura, and for thirty-six years was engaged in farming a fine block of 1778 acres of freehold. During this time the property was brought from a state of nature into a high state of cultivation. Mr. Galt is well-known in connection with Ayrshire
, who was an energetic and prominent manufacturer and merchant in Southland for many years, was born in 1839, in Fifeshire, Scotland. His father was the owner of coastal vessels, and young Guthrie went to sea early in life. However, he left the sea in 1862, at Port Chalmers, and was afterwards connected with Otago for about twenty years, for much of the time as a member of the firm of Guthrie and Larnach, whose large wood factory, in Princes Street, Dunedin, was subsequently completely destroyed by fire. About 1880 Mr. Guthrie settled in Invercargill, and founded a number of firms and companies, namely, Walter Guthrie and Company, the New Zealand Pine Company, the Southland Implement Engineering Company, and the Southland Sawmilling Company. Up to the time of his death in February, 1902, Mr. Guthrie was actively engaged with these extensive businesses. During the time of the dredging boom, 530 men were employed by the Engineering and Implement Company. Mr. Guthrie was a director of the Otago Daily Times Company for a good many years, and also of several insurance companies. He was married in 1860, and left two daughters and one son.
was born at Stromness, Orkney, on the 27th of May, 1827. He was brought up as a carpenter by his father, and gained experience in shipbuilding. In June, 1845, Mr. Harvey went to Hudson's Bay, where he was engaged in ship-building for the Hudson's Bay Company, and afterwards crossed the Rocky Mountains to work for the company at Vancouver. In this connection his life was truly one of “moving incidents by field and flood.” Before reaching the Rockies, the party had to row and track their boats up Nelson river, and pass through Hell's Gates up to Norway House, where they were for a few days. Then a start was made for Lake Winnipeg, where they were storm-bound. They reached the Saskatchewan river by rowing and tracking, and passed through Coal Falls in Buffalo county, where they found abundance of fresh meat; a pleasant change from pemmican. When they arrived at Edmonthouse, they had a few days' rest, and they needed it, for their working day was not one of eight hours, as they toiled from sunrise to sunset, and had only two meals a day. At Edmonthouse they got horses to take them to the Athabasea river, where boats were waiting to convey the party to Banff. But the current was such that all the boats had to be “tracked” all the way : the river was frozen every morning, and as their provisions ran out the guide had to forage in the forest for deer. At Banff the party rested, and got horses with which to cross the mountain. On this section of the journey the men slept on snow every night, without tents, and the horses had to be fed on scrub. Still, on the top there were Indians with whom the party did half-a-day's trading, and secured some mountain mutton and porcupine flesh, before setting out on the downward journey to Columbia river, on which they travelled by boats to Fort Vancouver, and saw the grandest scenery imaginable in passing down the numerous rapids. From Fort Vancouver Mr. Harvey had to travel alone by river and portage to Nesqually, where he went aboard the Hudson Bay Company's steamer “Beaver,” which, after touching at Vancouver Island with mails, went on to Fraser river, where, at Fort Langley, Mr. Harvey spent the winter and built four boats and two river canoes. Then he went with a party to build a scow above the rapids in the Zete country, where the Indians, quiet, inoffensive people, live underground, and the visitor who goes in at a door has to go down the chimney. After finishing his work in the country of the Zetes, and returning to Fort Langley, Mr. Harvey went to Vancouver Island, where he built some small boats, and a large flat-bottom, to carry logs. From Vancouver Island Mr. Harvey went to San Francisco, where he shipped in the barque “Sebastian” for Launceston, Tasmania, where they stayed for the crops to ripen, and then returned with a cargo of produce. He continued in various vessels till the last on which he worked, the barque “Time and Truth.” was wrecked at the Bluff on the 6th of January, 1863. Being thus stranded in New Zealand, and having lost all his belongings in the wreck, he had no option but to remain in the colony. There were very few houses in the Bluff then, and Mr. Harvey lived with some of the crew for the first three weeks in a Government gaol. He then settled in Invercargill. and worked at boat-building till 1865, when he went to Gummies Bush, and commenced farming. Five years later he returned to Invercargill, where he has since engaged in the building of bridges, jetties and vessels. Mr. Harvey was inspector of roads and bridges at Cromwell, Central Otago, from 1877 to 1880. He served in the Invercargill Rifles in 1863 and 1864: has been attached to the Masonie Order since February, when he entered Lodge Sincerity. 174, English Constitution, and is now a member of Lodge St. John, New Zealand Constitution, of which he is a Past Master. Mr. Harvey was married, in 1864, to a daughter of Mr. David Fraser, of Blairgowrie, Scotland.
, Of Orepuki, landed in New Zealand during the “fifties.” He was born in England, at Huddersfield, in the West Riding of Yorkshire, in the year 1838, educated at the Huddersfield College, and sailed for Dunedin by the ship “Agra.” Shortly afterwards he arrived in Southland, and engaged in pastoral pursuits at Te Anan and Manapouri, where be was one of the first settlers Mr. Hirst sold his interest and joined Captain Watts Russell, of Canterbury, in exploring for about seven weeks, for open country between the Waiau river and Breeksea Sound. The
, sometime of Fairlight Station, was one of the most prominent of the early pioneers of Southland. He was born in 1809 at Eastbourne, Sussex, England. Captain Howell brought out emigrants from England to Hobart, Tasmania, and afterwards went whaling in the bays of the Tasman Sea for two years. In 1836, he was sent over to New Zealand by another old Otago celebrity—the late Mr. John Jones, who then resided in Sydney—to form a whaling station at Riverton. It was the first whaling settlement in Otago, and during his residence there Captain Howell built a schooner named the “Amazon,” which earned considerable reputation in her day. She was afterwards wrecked off the Bluff, and none of the cargo was saved. Captain Howell was then given command of another of Mr. Jones's vessels, and was very successful with her, not only in whaling, but in carrying passengers between the colonies and California. He afterwards engaged in whaling near the Macquarie Islands, and in conjunction with his half-brother, the late Captain William Stevons, of Gummies Bush, went extensively into the business of runholding, which they afterwards carried on separately in their individual interests; Captain Stevens at Beaumont, on the Aparima river, and Captain Howell at Fairlight, near Lake Wakatipu. Captain Howell imported from Twofold Bay, New South Wales, the first sheep and cattle that arrived in Southland. He died on the 25th of May, 1874, deeply regretted, not only by his family and relatives, but by all sections of the community.
was born in Shropshire, England, in 1836, and left his native land for Melbourne in 1857, in the ship “Norfolk” on her second trip to Australia. In 1860, Mr. Instone joined the firm of Whittingham Bros., and took charge of their Sydney branch. He remained in Sydney till the opening of the Southland business in the firm carried on an extensive trade with Lake Wakatipu and the surrounding districts. On the opening of the railway to Invercargill, the firm started a branch at Thornbury, and later on moved its chief Southland office and business to Invercargill, where Mr. Instone was resident partner and manager, and the firm was known as Whittingham Bros, and Instone. Mr. Instone during his long residence in Southland, was identified with the local interests of the district. He was captain of the Riverton Rifles for ten years, a member of the local Harbour Board, a director of the Invercargill Savings Bank, a member of the Chamber of Commerce and a member of the committee of the Acclimatisation Society, and held the commission of Justice of the Peace. In 1871, Mr. Instone married the eldest daughter of the late Mr. G. S. Brodrick, of Dunedin. He died on the 27th of June, 1901.
was born in Glasgow, Scotland, and lost both his parents while he was young He landed in Geelong, Victoria, in 1848, and was married there in 1853. In 1863 he arrived at Port Chalmers,
, of Ettrick Street, Invercargill, is one of the best-known old settlers of the Southland district, in which he has resided since 1863, and owns property in Invercargill and at the Bluff. He was born at Rothesay, Buteshire, Scotland, in 1830, and as a boy joined the revenue cutter “Princess Royal,” in which he served for five years. After he left the cutter he made trips to Russia, and to North and South America. That was previous to the Emancipation of the Negroes, and he saw several sales of human beings at New Orleans. At the time of the Exhibition of 1851, he left London for Launceston, Tasmania, where he saw the first gold brought there from Victoria, and determined to be soon a gold-seeker himself. From Launceston he sailed to Calcutta, and thence Home, where he did not remain long, but left to seek his fortune on the Victorian goldfields. He went to the Bendigo diggings, but had no success, and was then engaged for a time in lifting a sunken French vessel, in which he afterwards served two years, and made two trips to Callao from Melbourne, and to England. He then settled in Melbourne, where, in 1856, he went into lightering work. On gold being discovered in New Zealand, he left Melbourne in 1861, and went to the Gabriel's Gully, the Dunstan, and Arrow rushes. In 1863, he removed to Invercargill, where he bought a lighter and worked it until 1873, when, in partnership with Mr. Todd, he bought the coasting schooner “Dunedin,” in which he traded for some years. The small steamer “Laura,” engaged in harbour work, was placed in his charge, in 1876. On giving up the steamer in 1879 he started a store, from which he retired in the beginning of 1903. Captain McLean was a member of the Bluff Harbour Board for six years, and was its chairman in 1894; he was for three years a member of the Invercargill Borough Council, and one year on the Licensing Committee. Captain McLean was one of the founders of the Southland Building and Investment Society, and he is a trustee of the Star of the South Court of Foresters, of which he has been a member for over thirty years. He-was married, in 1858, to a daughter of the late Mr. D. McMillan, of Greenock, but all the children born of the union died in Victoria. He and his wife afterwards adopted a daughter, who is now the wife of Mr. R. H. Bryant, storekeeper, Tweed Street, Invercargill.
, who now resides in Biggar Street, Invercargill, was born in 1833, in Sutherlandshire, Scotland, where he was educated and brought up to a country life. He landed in Victoria, in 1855, spent
about two years at the Ballarat diggings, and after two years further experience, came to the Bluff by the s.s. “Pirate.” Mr. McKay took up fifty acres of land at Longbush, where
, sometime merchant of Invercargill, was one of the early Australian pioneers of the “fifties;” and, excited by the allurements of the great Victorian gold discoveries, he left his native land in 1852 in the celebrated ship “Marco Polo,” for the new El Dorado. He was the youngest son of Captain Farquhar Matheson, master mariner and shipowner, once well known in the Baltic trade, and was born at Plockton, parish of Lochalsh, Ross-shire, Scotland, in 1834, and was educated in his native town. Young Matheson entered the service of Messrs McPherson and Co., chemists and druggists, of Stornoway, Isle of Lewes, and remained with them until leaving for Australia. Mr. Matheson took part in the various “rushes” at Ballarat, Avoca, and Bendigo. In 1855, he commenced storekeeping at Prahran, Melbourne, and carried on business until 1862. when he crossed over to Otago, where he engaged in mining pursuits at Switzers' (now known as Waikaia); but, in 1865, he settled in Invercargill and started as a general merchant. He retired from business in 1895. Mr. Matheson was one of the promoters of the Southland Building and Investment Society, which was instituted in 1869. In 1866 he was elected a trustee of the Invercargill Savings Bank, and was a member of the advisory board of the Scottish and New Zealand Investment Company, Ltd. Mr. Matheson was an elder of the First Church, member of the High School Board of Governors and Southland Board of Education, and was a member of the Invercargill school committee in 1870. He died on the 12th of September, 1903.
was a native of Lochinvar, Sutherlandshire, Scotland, where he was born on the 18th of October, 1827. He arrived in Victoria with his father at a very early age, and was educated in that Colony. Mr. Mackintosh commenced sheep and cattle farming at Moonee Ponds and Oaklands, Victoria, where he resided for twenty years, and for many years represented East Bourke in Parliament. He also was one of the most successful breeders of Clydesdale stallions, of which the celebrated sire “Prince Charlie” was one. In 1865, Mr. Mackintosh purchased the Strathmore estate, Southland, of 3000 acres, and in the following year came to reside on the property. Subsequently, he leased the Bayswater estate and also acquired the Gladfield estate of 14,000 acres. These properties were utilised principally for the breeding of sheep, cattle, and horses, but most of the land is now cut up into farms. Mr. Mackintosh was elected member for Wallace in 1890 and represented the constituency until the general elections in 1896, when he was defeated. He was the first member of the House to advocate advancing cheap money to settlers, and lectured in different parts of New Zealand in favour of the scheme, which was subsequently adopted by the Seddon Government and carried into effect. Mr. Mackintosh unsuccessfully contested the Mataura seat against the Hon. G. F. Richardson. He was one of the first members of the Aparima Road Board, afterwards merged into the Southland County Council, of which he became chairman. Mr. Mackintosh also occupied a seat on the Southland Education Board, up to the time of his death. He took a deep interest in educational progress, and was a consistent supporter of Mr. Seddon. In 1852, he married Anne, daughter of Mr. W. McLean, of Pollio station. Darling River, Victoria, and had eleven children. Several of his sons are well-known settlers in Southland.
, sometime coal merchant, Liddell Street, Invercargill, was an accomplished teacher of Highland dancing. He was born in Argyleshire, Scotland, in 1844, his father being Mr. Dugald McKellar, a shepherd in those parts. The son was educated at the village of Loch Goil Head, Argyleshire, and at the age of twenty years, went to Glasgow, and entered the office of a woolbroker. He was employed in several other offices until 1878, when he left Glasgow in the ship “Canterbury” for Invercargill, by way of Dunedin. On his arrival he entered the service of Messrs Carswell, White and Co., as storeman, in which capacity he served for thirteen years, and in 1893 he commenced business on his own account. Mr. McKellar was elected president of the Caledonian Society in 1895, and had occupied the position of its secretary for seven years. He was a member of the Loyal St. George Lodge of Oddfellows for many years, during which he took an active interest in the prosperity of the Order. Mr. McKellar has been (1904) dead for some time.
, who now resides in Tay Street, Invercargill, was born in Germany in 1831, and learned the trade of a tailor in his native country. He came to New Zealand by the ship “Maori,” in 1847, and found work as a journeyman in Dunedin; and he remembers when there were no houses in sight from the spot where the Cargill monument now stands. Mr. Ott settled at Invercargill in 1862, when the site of the borough was covered with bush, and there was no demand for tailors. Notwithstanding this he commenced business, and continued until 1881, when he retired owing to ill health and has since resided in Tay Street. Mr. Ott served as a volunteer in the early days, and was a member of the first Town Board. He married a daughter of Mr. Angus Murray, of Sutherlandshire, Scotland, and has two sons and one daughter.
was born in India, but was sent Home to England as a child to be educated. He returned to India in 1849, arrived in Australia in the beginning of 1852, and left Victoria for Port Chalmers, New Zealand, in 1855. With Mr. James Saunders and Mr. Peter Napier he explored a great part of the Maniototo Plains during the latter part of that year, and formed the second party who had, up to that time, been so far inland. With Messrs J. and W. Saunders he purchased the Waipori run and stock. However, finding the occupation of runholding uncongenial, Mr. Pearson entered the Land Office in Dunedin in 1857, and was given charge of the Invercargill branch, which he opened in October of that year in a “wattle and daub.” straw-thatched hut in Tay Street. He was shortly afterwards appointed a Justice of the Peace. Southland was separated from Otago under the New Provinces Act, 1858, on the first day of April, 1861; and Mr Pearson was appointed a commissioner of Crown Lands and Chief Commissioner of the Waste Lands Board of Southland, an appointment which he continued to hold after reunion with the Province of Otago and the abolition of the Provinces. He also held the appointment of an assistant commissioner under the Land Claims Settlement Act, Commissioner of Immigration under the Public Works and Immigration Policy. Visiting Justice of the Invercargill Gaol, and was one of the School Commissioners of Otago during 1880–88. He was also appointed on several Royal Commissions. On the constitution of the Province of Southland, Mr. Pearson entered into provincial politics; sat in the first Provincial Council, and was head of the Southland Executive Government till he resigned his seat in the Council. Subsequently he was elected a member of the Council for the years 1864–67, and 1867–69. He was also a member and head of the Executive Councils during the years 1861–2–3, 1865–66, and 1867–69. Mr. Pearson retired on his pension in 1884, after twenty-seven years of service in the Lands Department, and has since then resided in Dunedin. Literary men or women in quest of what was distinctive in the life and scenery of Southland during the earlier years of its colonisation, should find Mr. Pearson's official reports, in the political archives of Otago and Southland, rich in fact and suggestion; for he was not only very truly, in the ordinary sense, an able administrator, but the Yorick-cum-Mercutio of the public service, with a vivid eye for the salient and the picturesque, and a happy talent for reproducing them in words.
—who was one of the old pioneer settlers of Invercargill—was a native of Dundee, Scotland, where he was born on the 17th of February, 1831. He was educated in Scotland, but was articled to a London solicitor. After some years he got tired of the law and cancelled his articles, to join the mercantile marine, in which he subsequently obtained a master's certificate. About 1852, he went to the Australian diggings, and experienced the various fortunes incidental to the gold “rushes” of the “fifties.” In 1861 he settled at Invercargill, and shortly afterwards started in business, in the premises known as the old “Niagara” store, but subsequently removed to Tay Street, where he remained until his death, which occurred on the 27th of November, 1887. Mr. Smyth always took a keen interest in political and local public bodies; he represented the borough on the Council for one term and was for some years a member of the Bluff Harbour Board, and was its chairman for two years. Mr. Smyth married Annie Struthers, daughter of Mr. Thomas Fergusson, farmer, of Myross Bush, Southland, by whom he had nine children, of whom only two sons survive.
was born on the 17th of June, 1825, at Eastbourne, Sussex, England, and arrived in Sydney, New South Wales, with his parents during the first week of January, 1841, by the ship “Alfred,” Captain Eastmore. In 1843 he came to New Zealand, and joined his half-brother, the late Captain John Howell, in the whaling industry, then in a most flourishing state, and they carried on their business chiefly on the coasts of Southland. During his seafaring period, he and his ship were employed by Commander Richards and Liout. Stokes, R.N., while they were surveying the coast of New Zealand, and Commander Richards gave Captain Stevens a certificate of competency as a master mariner. Captain Stevens afterwards passed his examination in Sydney before the Marine Board, which gave him pilot exemption for both the South Islands of New Zealand, and for Port Jackson, Newcastle, etc. About the year 1860 he took up Beaumont station, on the Aparima river, and there carried on sheepbreeding on an extensive scale. He also had a large farm at Gummies Bush, near Riverton, and was possessed of both properties at the time of his death, though, latterly, he had suffered
, J.P., who now resides in Invercargill, but has a farm on the Oteramika Road, was born in 1842, in London, where he attended school, and was brought up to the trade of a carpenter. He arrived in Victoria, in 1862, and a few months later, came to Otago, where he had a short goldmining experience at Tuapeka and the Dunstan. Mr. Stone then went to Wellington, and finally settled in Invercargill in March, 1863, where he started farming, but afterwards carried on business as a forwarding agent for a short time before being appointed Inspector of Works for the borough of Invercargill. He after- wards served in a similar capacity under the Government, and also under the Southland County Council. During his career Mr. Stone served under seven different engineers, and supervised the erection of buildings, bridges, and jetties in various parts of Otago and Southland, and subsequently started on his own account as a contractor for the construction of roads. He ultimately engaged in farming, and owns a property on the Oteramika Road. Mr. Stone served for seven years on the Invercargill Road Board, of which he became chairman, and was afterwards a member of the Invercargill Borough Council. He has been Visiting Justice and Official Visitor to the Invercargill prison for a number of years. Mr. Stone joined the Shamrock, Rose and Thistle Lodge of Oddfellows, Manchester Unity, in 1860, and has filled the offices of his Lodge and district; and his six sons are members of the same lodge. He was married, on the 15th of October, 1867, to a daughter of Mr. Thomas Hunter, of Invercargill, who was born in Belfast, Ireland and came to New Zealand by the ship “Robert Henderson.” There is a family of six sons and four daughters.
, the first Presbyterian clergyman of Invercargill, was born at Strutherhead, in the parish of Avondale, in the middle ward of Lanarkshire, Scotland, on the 28th of August, 1832. He first went to school at the village of Sandford, but afterwards attended the parish school of Lesmahagow, and latterly that of Strathaven, in his native parish. He entered the University of Glasgow in the winter of 1847, and passed through the usual curriculum required of students looking forward to the ministry in the Presbyterian churches of Scotland. After the completion of this course, feeble health, which had much interfered with the latter part of his University course, rendered it advisable for him to pause for a little, and he then started the Free Church school of Strathaven. He entered the New College, Edinburgh, in November, 1852. After the completion of the usual theological curriculum at that institution, he was engaged as a missionary at Uddingstone. There he received a license to preach from the Free Church Presbytery of Hamilton on the 4th of November, 1857, After
was born in Glasgow, Scotland. He came out to Victoria in 1853, was brought up to mercantile life, and was a storekeeper at Bendigo. In 1863 he came to Invercargill, and became an auctioneer, and has since carried on that line of business, either on the West Coast or in Southland. He became a member of the Provincial Council of Westland, where for some time he held office as Provincial Treasurer. At present (1904) Mr. Todd is head of the auctioneering firm of William Todd and Company, Don Street, Invercargill.
was a member of the Provincial Council of Southland for some time, and afterwards served on the County Council. He was also a member of the Southland Land Board for about fifteen years. Mr. Toshach was born in Perthshire, Scotland, in 1829, and came to Auckland by the ship “Caduceus,” in 1858. He became a settler in Southland in 1860, and acquired 200 acres at West Plains, where he resided until his death in 1896. Mr. Toshach was married, in 1873, to the daughter of the late Mr. I. McNaughton, and had one son and one daughter.
, sometime Manager at Invercargill of the New Zealand Loan and Mercantile Agency Company, Ltd., is one of the pioneers of Southland, in which he settled in 1861. He was born at Newton-Don, Berwickshire, Scotland, in 1826, and is the third son of the late Mr. Thomas Turnbull, who, with his grandfather, were farmers at Lurdenlaw, in Berwickshire. Mr. Turnbull was educated at the Kelso grammar school, Roxburghshire. In 1846 he emigrated to Tasmania, on the advice of a relative then settled in that Colony, the late Dr. Lillie, a distinguished Presbyterian divine of the Established Church of Scotland, Soon after his arrival in Hobart, Mr. Turnbull entered the service of Mr. George Washington Walker, manager of the Hobart Savings Bank, and remained in his office until 1852, when he commenced business as a merchant on his own account, and traded under the name or firm of John Turnbull and Co. In the year 1857, he went to Molbourne and opened a branch of his business in Flinders Lane East. He, however, had long cherished a desire to settle in New Zealand, and having disposed of his Australian business in 1861. he and his family landed in Invercargill on the 7th of August of that year and purchased the squatting property of “Tuturau,” on the Mataura, where he stayed until 1873, when the run was cut up into hundreds for settlement. Mr. Turnbull was then appointed Resident Magistrate for the Southland district, and retained that position till April, 1876, when he was offered and accepted the managership of the Invercargill branch of the New Zealand Loan and Mercantile Agency Company, and he also opened the branch. In April, 1899, however, he retired from the more active management of the company, and then became its local adviser. During the twenty-three years of Mr. Turnbull's management of the compány, he was for half of that long period president of the Chamber of Commerce. For many years he held the position of chairman of the Southland Produce and Export Freezing Company, and was the first president of the Invercargill Club, of which he was one of the originators. For several years he represented the Government on the Bluff Harbour Board, of which he was chairman for some time. He has also been a member of the Education Board, and a director of the Invercargill Stock and Saleyards Company, and its chairman from the first. Mr. Turnbull has been a Justice of the Peace for the Colony since 1868. In 1853 Mr. Turnbull married the youngest daughter of the late Captain John Atkinson, of the Indian Army. His only son, Mr. John Turnbull, junior, represents Dalgety and Co. Limited, in the Taieri district, Otago; and his only daughter, Edith Lillie, is married to Mr. T. Scott-Smith, a barrister, who is now (1904) Stipendiary Magistrate and Warden at Blenheim.
, was born in 1821, at Glororum, near Bamborough, Northumberland, England. His father was the third son of James Thomson, Esquire, of Earnslaw, Berwickshire, and his mother was a daughter of John Turnbull, Esquire, of Abbey St. Bathan's, Berwickshire. Mr. Thomson was educated at Duns Academy, and at Marlschal College, Aberdeen. In 1838, he went to the Straits Settlements, where he spent seventeen years as Chief Surveyor of the Colony, and also as civil engineer and architeet, one of his principal works being the
construction of the Horsburgh Lighthouse, a work of singular difficulty, which earned for him a high reputation. This lighthouse, begun in May, 1850, and finished in July, 1851, is erected on the rock Pedra Branca, in the China Sea. The Indian climate proving unsuitable to him, Mr. Thomson left for New
, Of Orepuki, is a native of Glasgow, Scotland, and was born in 1834. He is the youngest son of the late Dr. James Young, of Glasgow, and at the early age of thirteen, he left Scotland, accompanying his brother Alexander, to Port Phillip, where they arrived on the 26th of September, 1848. Settling in Melbourne, he was apprenticed, at Langland's Foundry, as a mechanical engineer, but after remaining only eighteen months, he was—in consequence of the arrival of his widowed mother In Melbourne—removed, and placed under the charge of his brother, Mr. John Young, C.E., of Ruthergien, Victoria. He did not stay long with his brother, for in 1851, when he “gold fever” broke out, Mr. Young found his way to the goldfields at Mount Alexander and was very successful. In 1852 he was working on the “Eureka” lead prior to the memorable “Stockade” episode, which culminated in a battle between the military and the miners. On leaving the goldfields he took up agriculture and contracting, and followed these callings till 1859, when he left Melbourne, for Riverton, where he commenced contracting, and also acted as carrier to Gabriel's Gully and Kingstón for several years. In 1860 his brother, who was engineer of the s s “Pride of the Yarra,” was drowned in Dunedin harbour. Early in 1894, Mr. Young went to the Zeehan silverfield, where he remained for some time, but, in consequence of the climate, he returned to New Zealand and opened a store at Orepuki. In 1854, he married the eldest daughter of Mr. Sydenham Edwards, General Government paymaster of Victoria. Mrs Young died at Riverton in July, 1877, leaving six sons and two daughters. During Mr. Young's eventful and stirring colonial career, covering a period of fifty-six years, he has witnessed and undergone many hardships and had many adventures. He is a typical representative of the early band of pioneers, who have assisted in raising the colonies to their present high position. Mr. Young is a writer of considerable talent, and has contributed numerous articles to the “Christchurch Press,” “Tasmanian Press,” and “Otago Witness,” under such headings as: “Reminiscences of Early Diggings,” “Riverton's whaling days,” “A visit to the Round Hill mining district,” “The western district of Southland,” “Ye old identity of Southland,” etc.
was a prominent settler in Southland. He held a seat in the Provincial Council, during the whole period of Provincial Government in Southland, and was for part of the time Provincial Treasurer and Deputy-Superintendent, and for eight years Speaker of the Council. After the reunion of Southland with Otago, Mr. Wilson sat in the Otago Council. He was born on the 16th of March, 1814, in Ayrshire, Scotland, and was educated at the Wallacetown Academy. Mr. Wilson was brought up to country life, and came out to Sydney, New South Wales, in 1842. On the discovery of gold, about ten years later, he was among the first to visit the Australian diggings. He arrived in Otago in 1856, with the intention of becoming a settler; and having decided to settle in Southland, he bought land at Waianiwa, on behalf of himself and three others. He built his first residence of logs in June, 1856, and was an active and energetic settler for many years. Mr. Wilson was married, in Sydney, to a daughter of the late Mr. Samuel Benson, of that city, and on his death, on the 19th of August, 1898, he left two daughters.
, who has been a resident of Invercargill since his arrival in 1870 by the ship “Peter Denny,” at Port Chalmers, was born in England, in 1824. He served his time as an architect in the Old Land, and became a practical staircase-builder. After settling in Invercargill, he erected the first cottage in Clyde Street, then known as the Flat, and he named it “Alpha Cottage.” His services as a staircase-builder were much in request, and he erected the stairs of the Athenaeum building, and those at “Lennel” for the late Mr. J. T. Thomson, besides doing other work in the same line in many parts of the South Island; and he was also for a time employed in Sydney in connection with this special kind of work. For some time Mr. Wright conducted technical classes for architectural work and staircase-building. He was married, in 1846, to a daughter of the late Mr. Edward Mitchell, of Kensington. Mrs Wright died on the 12th of July, 1898, leaving six daughters and three sons, and there are forty-eight, grand children.
. The Southland branch of the New Zealand Shipping Company was opened in 1878, and early in the “eighties” commenced the export of frozen mutton by freezing on board the sailing clippers “Mataura” and “Opawa” at Bluff. It was, however, not until 1893 that the company's steamers “Ruahine,” “Kaikoura,” “Mataura,” and others included Bluff among the ordinary ports of call for frozen meat, but since then they have called at frequent intervals, especially during the winter months when rabbits and turnip-fed sheep are more plentiful than in other parts of the Colony.
, Manager of the New Zealand Shipping Company's Southland branch since 1892, has been longer in the shore service of the company than any other officer. He joined the Lyttelton office in 1874, and was accountant and acting-manager at Wellington for eleven years before coming to Invercargill. Mr. Dunlop was born in Canterbury, and for six years was at school in Scotland. He is a member of the Invercargill Chamber of Commerce, and represents its interest on the Bluff Harbour Board.
. The first representative in Invercargill of this popular shipping corporation was the British and New Zealand Mortgage Company, which relinquished the agency upon the establishment of the branch in 1884 under the present manager, Mr. Charles R. Edmunds. The company's export freights have greatly increased in volume, owing to the enormous development in the growth of cereals in the Southland district.
was born at Edgbaston, near Birmingham, England, in 1851, and is the youngest son of Mr. Henry Edmunds, managing director of the Midland Bank, Birmingham. He arrived in New Zealand in 1881, joined the Union Company, took charge of the Gisborne agency during 1883–4, and was afterwards appointed to Invercargill.
was constituted in 1870. It contains an area of 350 acres, and is bounded on the west by the borough of Invercargill, on the north by the Waihopai stream, on the south by the borough of East Invercargill, and on the east by the county of Southland. Members of the Council for 1901: Mr. J. H. Kissell, Mayor, and Messrs J. A. Ramsay, J. Flaus, C. Purdue, A. J. Garmson, W. Fraser, W. Woodward, D. O'Callaghan, B. Denly and E. R. Godward, councillors. Mr. W. G. Mackay is Town Clerk. The annual rateable value of the borough in 1903 was £4,084, on which a general rate and a special rate, of 1s. 4d. in the pound each, was levied. At the census of 1901 the population was 925. There are 287 ratepayers, who own 308 rateable properties. The total revenue for the year 1903 was £849. There are loans amounting to £7,000, £5,700 of which bears 4 1/2 percent interest, and £1,300 4 per cent; and the whole was borrowed for road making and drainage purposes within the borough. North Invercargill has a reserve of 300 acres at Seaward Bush. The Town Hall, which was erected in 1883 at a cost of £300, is situated in Ann Street, and occupies part of a section of half an acre of land. It is built of wood, but has an iron roof, and seats about 250 people. The Council meets every fourth Thursday, at 7.30 p.m.
,
, who has been a member of the North Invercargill Borough Council since 1902, was born in Wiltshire, England, in 1871. He attended school at Birmingham, and learned his trade as a carpenter in Wiltshire. In 1890 Mr. Denly arrived in New Zealand, via Australia, and settled in Invercargill, where he entered business as a builder. Before leaving the Old Land, he served for three years in the Duke of Edinburgh's Second Wiltshire Rifle Volunteers. He competed in shooting competitions in the Old Country and took prizes, and has been connected in Invercargill with the local Rifle Club. As a Freemason Mr. Denly is a member of Lodge St. John; and he is a member of the North Invercargill school committee. He was married, in 1895, to a daughter of Mr. Freith, of Chippenham, Wiltshire, and has two sons and one daughter.
, formerly Mayor of North Invercargill, has long been closely identified with the borough in which he resides and holds property. Since 1884 he has been continuously a member of the Borough Council, and at intervals Mayor for five terms, the last in 1900. Some years ago he was chairman of the North Invercargill Licensing Committee. For eighteen or nineteen years he was both secretary and treasurer of the North Invercargill school committee, of which he is still secretary. As an Oddfellow he is a member of the Shamrock, Rose and Thistle Lodge, Manchester Unity, and has been twice Past Grand; and he has also gone through all the chairs in the Order of Good Templars. He was a member of the G Battery for three years. Mr.
was elected to a seat on the North Invercargill Borough Council in 1903. He was born in London, in 1869, attended school in his native city, and was apprentieed under the firm of Messrs Shand and Mason, steam fire-engine makers, with whom he served three years and a-half. Mr. Godward arrived in Port Chalmers by the ship “Nelson”- in 1886, became connected with the cycle business, and after learning the trade, entered the service of Mr. S. R. Steadman. In 1893 Mr. Godward removed to Invercargill. and became senior partner in the firm of Godward and McKenzie. Three years later he sold out his interest, and commeneed as a mechanical inventor. He turned his attention specially to devising articles of general and domestic utility, and has taken out several patents, one of which is for a spiral pin, which has been patented all over the world, and has proved successful. For some years past Mr. Godward has studied as an artist, and has attained considerable proficiency in various branches of art. He has visited America four times in connection with his patents, and has also travelled in China, Japan, and many other parts of the world. As an athlete he has taken many prizes for swimming, rowing, and cycling. Mr Godward was married, in 1896, and has two sons and three daughters.
has been a member of the North Invercargill Borough Council since 1903. He was born at Mataura in 1875, and was educated chiefly in Invercargill. Mr. Purdue learned the trade of a plumber with Mr. J. Stewart, of Tay Street, but for some time past he has been in the service of Messrs W. B. Mitchell and Company, as head carter. In football and cricket he has represented Southland against English and colonial teams, and has been captain and secretary of local clubs. He holds the record for stone putting at twenty-two pounds weight, at the Caledonian Society's contests, and was one of the winners of the pair-oared and four-oared races of the Invercargill Rowing Club. Mr. Purdue was married, in 1892, to a daughter of Mr. Richard Townsend, of Invercargill.
, formerly Mayor of the Borough of North Invercargill, was born at Inch, Aberdeen, Scotland, in 1852, and was educated at Fetternear school. He
afterwards learned the joiners' trade, at which he subsequently worked in Edinburgh and London; in the latter city he was builder's foreman for ten years. In 1882, Mr. Riddell sailed from London by the ship “Victory,” for Invercargill, via Port Chalmers, where he worked at his trade for some years, and in 1889 was appointed manager of Messrs. Walter Guthrie and Co.'s furniture factory, which was purchased from the liquidators by the firm of Wm. Smith and Co., who have
, Baker and General Storekeeper, Union Store and Bakery, Cheyne, and Princess Streets, North Invercargill. This business was established in 1879 by Mr. J. L. Cheyne, and was acquired by the present proprietor in 1898. The premises which stand on a freehold section with frontages to three streets, consist of a shop and residence and a large bakehouse containing two ovens. About 420 loaves can be baked in each batch, and forty-five sacks of flour are put through weekly. The proprietor devotes himself specially to the bread and cake trade, and has three carts in addition to one large four-wheeled delivery waggon. He delivers in the town and suburbs, and out into the country as far as Thornbury. In 1901 a branch store and bakery was established at Lumsden.
, the Proprietor, was born in 1865, in Birmingham, England, where he was educated, and came to Port Chalmers, in 1883, by the s.s “Arawa,” on her first trip. He settled at Invercargill, learned the trade of a baker with Mr William McCrone, and, after six and a-half year's service, went to Sydney, where he had eighteen months of additional experience. Mr Pope had to return to New Zealand in the interest of his health, and was employed for two years at Thornbury, and four and a half years at Dipton, and with Messrs G. T. Smith and Company at Invercargill, before taking over his present business in 1898. Mr Pope served as a volunteer in the Bluff Navals, and is attached to the Loyal St. George Lodge of Oddfellows. He was married, in 1891, to a daughter of Mr George Dryburg, of East Invercargill, and has two sons and four daughters.
was constituted in 1875. It has an area of 4,000 acres, and is bounded on the north by the Oteramika and Dalrymple roads, on the east by Conyers Street and the district road; it borders the county of Southland on the south by the line of the Campbelltown hundred, and on the west by Bluff road. In 1903 there were 671 ratepayers, owning 922 rateable properties. The unimproved value of the district was £115,040. A rate of 6d in the £ is levied, and produces over £1, 100 a year. The total revenue, including subsidy, is £1,254, and the general expenditure, £1,465. The property of the borough includes reserves of thirty-four acres, and 274 acres, which yield a rental of £20 a year. The Town Hall, in Elles Road, is of brick; it was built in 1884, on an acre of freehold. It is used for council and public meetings, and as an office. At the census of 1901 the population of the borough was 1,874. Members of the Council: Messrs A Bain (Mayor), J. Stirrit, W. J. Perkins and G. Brown, North Ward; J. Lyons, J. Arnold, and G. E. Hilton, Middle Ward; G. Holloway, W. Peace and W. Stott, South Ward, Mr. A. Ball is Town Clerk, Treasurer and Returning Officer.
of South Invercargill,
, of the South Invercargill Borough Council, has been a councillor from the inception of the borough up to the present time, with the exception of the two years 1883–84 and 1902–03, when he was Mayor. Mr. Brown owns about seventeen acres in the borough, and has his residence there. He was born at Carstairs, Lanarkshire, Scotland land, in 1833, and learned the trade of a stonemason at Carmichael. Late in 1862 he left for New Zealand by the ship “Sir George Pollock,” and landed at the Bluff early in 1863. After passing a year or two as a farm labourer, he learned carpentering, and spent many years with Messrs McCallum and Co. He took up some land in 1874, and since then has spent his time tilling that and working at his trade. Mr. Brown was married, in 1862, to a daughter of Mr. James Logan, of Lesmahagow, Lanarkshire, Scotland, and has a family of six sons and three daughters.
, who holds a seat on the South Invercargill Borough Council, was born in 1864, at Longbush. where he was educated. He was farming at Longbush, Riversdale and Clifton, successively, and in 1892 went to New South Wales for about a year. From 1893 to 1898. Mr. Holloway was at Preservation Inlet, where he discover-ed the Morning Star Reef. He sold out at Preservation Inlet in 1899, and became one of the owners of the well-known Paddy's Alley claim at Noko-mai; and he also holds considerable freehold property at Clifton. Mr. Holloway was at one time a prominent athlete in Southland, competing in running, jumping, hammer-throwing and stone-putting, and held a record of 45 feet 9 inches for the hop-step-and-jump. He was married, in 1902, to a daughter of Mr. Alexander Smith, farmer, Mataura, and has one son.
, who has held a seat on the South Invercargill Borough Council for eight years, was born in 1846, at Kirkwall, in the Orkney Islands, where he was educated. At an early age he went to
, Town Clerk of the Borough of South Invercargill, was born in 1847, at Biggleswade, Bedfordshire, England, and was educated in Huntingdonshire, and brought up to a country life by his father, who was a farmer. Subsequently Mr. Ball had experience of a nurseryman's work, and landed at Port Chalmers in 1874 by the ship “Tweed.” After a year in Invercargill he took up land and commenced nursery work at Georgetown, but for reasons of health, he had to give up that employment. He was appointed Town Clerk of South Invercargill on the 1st of May, 1884. Mr. Ball served previously as a councillor of the borough, and was Mayor for a year. As a Freemason he was initiated in Lodge Victoria, Irish Constitution; and as an Oddfellow he was Noble Grand of the Shamrock, Rose and Thistle Lodge, in 1903. Mr. Ball was married, in April, 1872, to a daughter of the late Mr. James Bridge, of Saxeham, Suffolk, England, and has had six sons and three daughters; but one son has died. Mr. Ball's father is still (1904) alive and is eighty-four years old.
, who was Mayor of South Invercargill for one term, and served for about four years as a councillor, was born in 1845, in Dunfermline, Scotland, where he attended school. After six months at sea, he had five years' experience in connection with the coal trade in Fife and Midlothian, and in 1875 he arrived at the Bluff by the ship “Christian McCausland.” Soon after settling in Invercargill, Mr. Martin began carting on his own account. He was interested in the opening up of the Nightcaps coal mine, from which he took out the first marketable coal to the extent of one hundred tons, and sent a fine block of a ton weight to the Sydney Exhibition. Mr. Martin owns ten acres at George Town, on which he resides. He joined the order of Oddfellows in Scotland, and was transferred to the Shamrock, Rose and Thistle Lodge at Invercargill. He was a director of the Southland Caledonian Society for several years, and at one time held office as president. Mr. Martin was married, in 1867, to a daughter of the late Mr. Adam Barr, of County Antrim, Ireland. This lady died in 1891, leaving four daughters and two sons; and in 1893 Mr. Martin was married a second time to Mrs. Reid, formerly Miss McKissach, of Elgin, Scotland.
, Building Contractor, Morton Road, South Invercargill, and at Teviot Street, Invercargill. Mr. Bain, who established his business in 1886, has erected a large number of important buildings in Southland, including the Dairy Supply Company's office in Tay Street, the Commercial Club, Mr. August's shop, Mr. Watson's house in Forth Street, and many other buildings. He was president of the Builders' Association in 1903 and 1904.
(C. C. Lewis, proprietor), Corner of Grace and Ness Streets, South Invercargill. Mr. William Lewis; manager of this business, was born at Tredegar, Monmouthshire, South Wales, in 1869. He attended school there for five years, and came to New Zealand with his parents in 1878, landing at the Bluff. About 1880 he entered the service of Messrs Hay and Co., grocers, Tay Street, and remained with the firm until 1899, when he bought the business which Mr. John Young had carried on for twenty-six years. On the business passing into the hands of Mr. C. C. Lewis at the end of 1903, Mr. Lewis was retained as manager. Mr. Lewis is a member of the Primitive Methodist Church, teaches in the Sunday school, and is a member of the choir of the South Invercargill church. For some time he was a member of the school committee of the South School. Mr. Lewis was married, in 1892, to a daughter of Mr. James Aitken, builder, of South Invercargill, and has two sons and two daughters.
, Butcher, Elles Road, South Invercargill. Mr. Vickery was born in Wanganui, in 1877, and lived with his parents, successively, at Lyttelton, Banks' Peninsula, Christchurch, and Ashburton. In 1892 he settled in Invercargill, and in March, 1901, started a butchery business at his present address, having previously been employed as a journeyman butcher. In 1898 he married a daughter of Mr. David Meffan, settler, Clifton, and has a family of one son and two daughters.
(John McChesney, proprietor), Scott Street, South Invercargill. This nursery was established in 1887, when the ground was all in virgin bush. Mr. McChesney has a total area of fifteen acres of freehold, six or seven acres of which is in
, Proprietor of Awarua Nursery, was born at New Dairy, in Ayrshire, Scotland, in 1856, and left with his parents for the Bluff in 1864. After finishing his education in Invercargill, he started learning his present business, and in that connection travelled throughout New Zealand and Australia. Mr. McChesney has had the satisfaction of seeing his business expanding steadily since 1887. He was the first chairman of the Tis-bury school committee. Mr. McChesney joined the Invercargill Rifles in 1869, was sergeant in 1874, and was a petty officer in 1886 in the Invercargill contingent of the Bluff Navals. Mr. McChesney was married, in 1885, to a daughter of the late Mr. W. Hogan. of Invercargill, and has one son and one daughter.
, J.P., became a colonist of New Zealand in 1878, and is now living in retirement at Macquarrie Street, South Invercargill. He was born in 1851 at Lymington, Hampshire. England, and educated at the Naval School at New Cross, Kent; Southsea; Stuttgart; and Paris. For about eight years he was clerk in a mercantile office in London. In 1878 he came to New Zealand as manager and part owner of Mount Linton station, Waiau, and was there for fourteen years. On his retirement, in 1892, he bought the property on which he now resides, and on which he has effected improvements. Prior to leaving England for Germany, Mr. Mackinnon took a prominent part in school athletics, and is now a patron of cricket and other healthful sports and pastimes. During ten years of the fourteen he spent at Mount Linton, Mr. Mackinnon was a member of the Wallace County Council. He is now a member of the Acclimatisation Society, the Southland Club, the local committee of the Trinity College Musical Examinations, and has been for five years president of the Invercargill Musical Union.
was incorporated in 1870, and has an area of 121 acres. Its boundaries are North Invercargill on the north, the borough of Invercargill on the west, and the county of Southland on the south and east. Members for 1904:Mr. J. A. Mitchell, Mayor; and Messrs J Harper, T. Simon, J. A. Dewar, J. Hamlyn, J. Smith, E. A. Bath, R. A. Anderson, R. Ashton, and W. Sloan, councillors; Mr. W. G. Mackay, Town Clerk. The Council meets at the Assembly Rooms in Elles Road, not far from the Invercargill Water Tower on the second Tuesday of the month at 8 p.m. The total annual rateable value of properties is £4,466, on which the Council levies a general rate of Is. 10d. in the pound, and a special rate of 8d. East Invercargill has a population of about 1,000, and there are 197 ratepayers, who own 245 rateable properties. The total revenue for the year ending March, 1904, was £840. The Council borrowed £3,000 in 1889 at 6 per cent for drainage purposes, and £2,500 in 1904 at 4 per cent for further drainage and asphalting.
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, Member of the East Invercargill Borough Council, was born at Coylton, Ayrshire, Scotland, in 1852. He was educated there, and apprenticed to the trade of bootmaking at Barbieston, near Coylton. Prior to coming to
is the smallest borough in New Zealand, as its area is only eighty acres. It was constituted in 1876 under an Otago Ordinance. Avenal is situated at the north end of Invercargill, and fronts Kelvin Road on the east and the Waihopai Estuary on the west. The annual rateable value of the borough, in 1904, was £2,662, on which a rate of Is. 3d. in the pound was levied. At the census of 1901 the population was 355, and there were 109 rateable properties owned by seventy-six ratepayers. The total revenue for the year 1904, was £306, and the expenditure £304, and the borough had a small credit balance without debts of any kind. The Town Hall was built in 1888, of wood and iron, and has seating accommodation for 150 persons. There is no water supply in the borough, which has two miles of streets and roads. Members of the Council for 1904: The Hon. Henry Feldwick, Mayor; Messrs J. Branigan, R. Cleave, G. Challis. G. R. Joyce, J. Macilister, E. R. Stephens, J. Tait. J. Ward, and P. H. Vickery, councillors. Mr. C. W. Brown is Town Clerk. The Council meets on the third Tuesday in the month.
has been a member of the Avenal Borough Council since 1902. He was born at Joyce's Creek, Victoria, where his father was a sheep-farmer in the early days-in fact, as early as the year 1839. Mr. Joyce is of Scottish descent on the side of his mother, who was a direct descendent of Lord Calder. second son of the Earl of Argyll. Mr. Joyce was educated, and brought up to the trade of a printer, in his native colony. In 1874 he landed at Hokitika, and removed to Invercargill in 1876, when he became a member of the “Southland Times” staff, and has been manager of the printing department since 1878. His hobby is poultry breeding, in which he has been successful, and his principal breeds are the Golden Wyandotte, and White Leghorn varieties. Mr. Joyce has taken many prizes in connection with the local shows, and at Dunedin and Christchurch, and has been several times president of the Poultry Society. He is a director of the Starr-Bowkett Building Society, was one of the- first members of the K Battery of Artillery, and as a Free-mason is attached to Lodge St. John. Mr. Joyce has been actively engaged as a member of St Paul's Presbyterian church since his arrival in Invercargill, and has held office as a deacon most of the time. He was married, in 1878, to a daughter of the late Mr. James Galland, of Melbourne, Victoria, and has, surviving, four sons and two daughters.
, who was elected to the Borough Council of Avenal in 1903, is referred to in another article as the proprietor of the Invercargill Foundry.
became a member of the Avenal Borough Council in 1900. He was born in Westmeath, Ireland, in 1868. Mr. Stephens came to Lyttelton in the s.s “Norfolk.” in 1879, and learned the trade of a woolstapler in the colony, and at Bradford, England, which he visited in 1889. On returning to New Zealand, he resided at Waikiwi for about seventeen years, but settled at Avenal in 1896, and built a residence on a section of a quarter of an acre, on the North Road. He had been a keen sportsman all his life, and served a good many years in the Southland Hussars. Mr. Stephens was married, in April, 1897, to a daughter of Mr. G. Wells, of Dunedin, and had one daughter and one son. He died in the latter part of the year 1904.
was incorporated in 1875, and has an area of 240 acres. It is bounded on the west by the New River estuary, on the north by the Waihopai river, on the east by the borough of North Invercargill, and on the south by the Wellesley estate, in the county of Southland, and the Invercargill borough park lands. There are about five and a-half miles of formed and unformed streets, and the borough's total annual rateable value, in 1904, was £4,031, on which there was a general rate of Is, and a special rate of 3d for charitable aid. The annual revenue of the borough is about £400, and there is a loan of £1000 for drainage and street formation. At the census of 1901 there were 329 inhabitants in the borough. A Town Hall was built in 1894. in Lewis Street, on a site of a quarter of an acre. It is a wood and iron building, and has seat room for one hundred adults. Members of the Council for 1901: Messrs Herbert Cooper (Mayor), A. E. Hawke, H. J. Curtis, W. D. McCarthy, F. Smith. C. J. Broad, A. F. Spear, D. W. McKay, and W. D. Mitchell.
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, who has held a seat on the Gladstone Borough Council since 1898, was born at Gillingham, Dorsetshire, England, in 1865, and attended school at his native place. He was apprenticed to the drapery trade at Salisbury, Wiltshire, and was afterwards for some time an assistant at Brighton and Ealing. After seven years of experience at the business, he decided to emigrate, and came to Wellington by the s.s. “Ionic” in 1886. He secured an appointment with Messrs Herbert Haynes and Company, at their Invercargill branch, and was afterwards, for seven years, in charge of the Manchester and furnishing departments. In September, 1894, Mr. Curtis entered the service of Messrs McGruer, Taylor and Company, to take charge of the dress and Manchester departments, and still holds the position. Mr. Curtis served for two years in the First Wiltshire Rifles, and after coming to New Zealand, he was for a short time in the G Battery. He has taken a general interest in athletics. Mr. Curtis was married, in August, 1895, to a daughter of the late Mr. Thomas Aiton, and has three daughters.
was elected a member of the Gladstone Borough Council in 1903. He was born in March, 1874, in Nelson, New Zealand, and was educated in his native city, at Hampden Street public school, and at the Bishop's private school. His early experiences were in country occupations, and in 1889 he removed to Southland, and settled in Invercargill. He became a compositor at the “Southland Times” office, where he has ever since found steady employment. Mr. Spear is a member of the Southland Caledonian Society, Dramatic Society, vice-president of the Southland Typographical Union, and one of the committee of the Invercargill Gun Club. As a Forester he is a member of Court Star of the South. He has served ten years as a volunteer, first in the old G Battery, and, latterly, in the Oreti Rifles. Mr. Spear was married, in 1809, to a daughter of Mr. J. McKillop, of Invercargill, and has two sons.
, Town Clerk of the Borough of Gladstone, was born in 1876, at Goulburn, New South Wales, where he was educated. He had considerable experience as a miner in New South Wales, and in West Australia, and arrived in New Zealand in 1898. Mr. Strang settled at Alexandra, Central Otago, where he was engaged in work on the dredges for two years. He then removed to Invercargill, and was appointed to his present position in May, 1903. In addition to performing the duties of Town Clerk, Mr. Strang has full charge of the roads of the borough. He was married, in April, 1899, and has one son.
, Settler, Gladstone, Invercargill. Mr. Brey was born in Cornwall, England. in 1840, and went to sea at the early age of seven years and eight months with a friend of his father's. After being eleven years and four months at sea he landed in the West Indies, where he lived for six years. In 1864, Mr. Brey arrived in Auckland, via Sydney, and after a few months at the West Coast goldfields, removed to Southland. For many years he had experience as a waggoner in Southland, and also found employment in road and agricultural contracts. Mr. Brey then took the management of the Invercargill and Suburban Tram Service, and supervised the running of the trams for twenty years. On severing his connection he was presented with a silver tea and
, is a flag station two miles from Invercargill on the Bluff line of railway. The district is a portion of the borough of South Invercargill, and is in the electoral district of Invercargill. The Government Creosoting Works for sleepers used on New Zealand railways are situated at Kew, where they cover an area of about two acres of land. There are two forty-horse power boilers, and a ten-horse power steam engine, with a superheater and force pumps. The rimu (red pine), kahikatea (white pine) and miro sleepers are treated by being placed in an iron cylinder, which will contain nine trolly loads, or 567 sleepers at one time. When the cylinder is closed, the sleepers are boiled to take out the sap, and when all the sap has been extracted, creosote is forced in by one of the pumps. About 1700 sleepers are treated weekly in this way.
, Engineer in charge of the Government Creosoting Works at Kew, on the Bluff line, was born at Port Molyneux, in 1864, and educated in Dunedin and Invercargill. He served his time at engineering at the establishment of Inglis and Johnston, and the Southland Iron Works, For some years he was fifting, and afterwards spent some time in engine driving at various Southland saw mills, and coal mines. In April, 1902, he entered the Government service, to take charge of the works at Kew, having for three years previously been with Campbell Brothers, the original contractors for this class of work, the plant at that time being at Woodend. Mr. Williamson was sent up to Woodville, in 1903, to start the creosoting works there, and stayed about four months. He is a member of the Murihiki Tent of Rechabites, Invercargill. Mr. Williamson married a daughter of Mr. T. Hughes, gardner, Richmond Grove, in 1886, and has two sons and two daughters.
is a suburban settlement in the borough of South Invercargill, four miles from Invercargill railway station, and thirteen miles from the Bluff by rail. There is a flag station at Clifton, which has had telephonic connection since 1893, and a postal service since the early seventies. The Clifton public school, which was established in 1875, has a hundred names on its roll. Clifton, which is in the Invercargill electorate, stands on a terrace overlooking the flat country which extends to and beyond the New River estuary. It is a working-man's settlement, and the land is sub-divided into sections of from one acre to four acres. There is a good deal of bush land extending back from the terrace, some of which has been subdivided into five acre sections, which are let on leasehold in perpetuity, and a good deal of this bush has been partly worked by sawmills. For many years there was a hotel at Clifton, but in consequence of the reduction at the licensing poll of 1902, the license was withdrawn in 1903. There are two stores, a bootmaker, a butcher and a blacksmith, and the population of the settlement is estimated to be about 200. Services in connection with the Anglican and Methodist churches are held periodically in the local school. There is a fine recreation reserve of nine acres and a-half, on the flat near the railway station. The land has been prettily planted with ornamental trees, and is also used for local sports.
was erected in 1901. The building is of wood and has seating accommodation for 150 persons. The Sunday school, which is attended by sixty-five children, in charge of five teachers, is held in the church, where services are conducted every Sunday afternoon by the minister resident at South Invercargill, the Rev. A. Pybus.
, Storekeeper and Orchardist, Cliften. Mr. Pollard's store was established by himself in 1874. The building, which is of wood and iron, occupies a prominent position in the village, and two acres of land attached are devoted chiefly to fruit trees. Mr. Pollard was born in September, 1843, in Gloucestershire, England. While he was young, he travelled for some years, as a valet, with an old Waterloo veteran, with whom he visited most parts of the British Islands, and also travelled to France and Belgium. In 1874 Mr. Pollard arrived at Port Chalmers by the ship “Haddon Hall,” and then went by the small steamer “Wallaby” to the Bluff, and settled at once at Clifton, with which he has since been prominently associated. Mr. Pollard served for six years on the South Invercargill Borough Council. He was for twelve years a member of the Bluff Harbour Board, of which he was for one term chairman; and for many years he had a seat on the Clifton school committee, of which he was several times chairman. Mr. Pollard is a member of the Clifton Recreation Ground Committee, and had a good deal to do with the laying out of the Oval flat, below the terrace, near the railway station. He founded the post office at Clifton, and was postmaster for about fifteen years; and he has for many years been local agent for the New Zealand Insurance Company. Mr. Pollard was married, in 1874, to Miss M. Pumfrey, of Warmley, near Bristol, Gloucestershire, England.
is the name of a flag railway station and settlement on the Invercargill-Bluff line of railway. It is twelve miles from Invercargill and five miles from the Bluff, is in the Awarua riding of the county of Southland, and in the electorate of Awarua, and the population at the census of 1901 was 133. The township is prettily situated, and the beautifully green hills in the neighbourhood thoroughly justify its name. It is a favourite resort for picnic parties, and there are numerous pretty patches of bush. The post office is conducted at the local store, and there is a daily mail service. The public school is attended by about thirty-five children, and the Primitive Methodist church holds a service each Sunday afternoon in a small, but suitable, building of its own.
, Ganger of Section 72, Invercargill-Bluff railway, was born at Fowlis Easter, Perthshire, Scotland, in 1857, and came to New Zealand with his parents in 1858, when they landed at Lyttel-ton, where they stayed for three years. The family then moved to the Bluff, where Mr. Clark went to school for a short while, and afterwards joined his father at carpentering for about two years. He joined the railway service in 1877, has been on the Invercargill-Bluff line ever since, and took charge of section 72, as ganger in 1883. Mr Clark has been a member of the Greenhills school committee for six years, and secretary for the last four years. He was married, in 1892, to a daughter of the late Mr. Mahoney, County Cork, Ireland, and has five sons and two daughters.
is a farming and school district about two miles to the south of Woodend, on the road leading from that settlement towards Awarua Bay. The land of the district is good, and is devoted chiefly to dairying and mixed farming. Seaward Moss has not a post office of its own, but the office at Woodend bears its name, and serves its purpose in that connection. The settlement is in the Awarua electorate and in the Awarua riding of the Southland county, and at the census of 1901 it had a population of sixty-seven. Seaward Moss is eight miles from Invercargill.
is conducted at the store of Mr. Thomas Hall. Woodend. In addition to his local trade, Mr. Hall delivers goods in various other parts of Southland. He was born at St. Ives, Cornwall, England, in 1867, and left for New Zealand in 1879, landing at the Bluff. At first he entered Price and Bulleid's drapery establishment in Invercargill, and went thence to Lawlor's drapery house in Dee Street, in 1881. After managing Mr. Lawlor's branch at Wyndham for some time he went to Otautau, and was in Gardiner's store there from 1885 to 1889. On coming back to Invercargill he entered the service of Mr. D. Roche for a year, and then left to take charge of his present store, then run by the New Zealand Pine Company. He took over the business himself in 1892, and has greatly extended it. Mr. Hall was married, in 1893, to a daughter of an old colonist, Mr. D. McKenzie, farmer, Seaward Moss, and has a family of two sons and two daughters.
was opened in 1893, and is situated eight miles from Invercargill on the Seaward Moss road. It is a wood and iron building with accommodation for about fifty pupils, and in 1904 there were thirty names on the roll. The school stands on a glebe of about three acres, and there is a four-roomed residence for the teacher.
, Head master of the Seaward Moss School, was born at Invercargill, in 1877, and educated at the South School and Invercargill High School. After matriculating, Mr Brownlie went to the South School for training, and was appointed to the Glenorchy School in 1897. He was there for four years before being appointed to his present position in July, 1901. Mr. Brownlie passed the first section of his B.A. degree in 1903.
(Bird Brothers, proprietors), Seaward Moss. This mill is situated within a short distance of Woodend, on the Seaward Moss Road. The mill was started about the end of 1903, and cutting rights are held which are calculated to give from four to five years' work. The plant consists of a twelve-horse power engine, six-horse power hauling engine, two saw-benches, a planing machine, and the other customary machinery. Horses are used for hauling the logs out of the bush. About fourteen persons are employed, and the output is about 4,000 feet per day.
, one of the partners, is manager and clerk at the mill. He was born at Clifton in 1877, and educated at Otatara. Since he left school, practically his whole time has been spent at sawmill work, at various mills. In 1900, in partnership with the brothers who are in the present firm, he started a mill at Otatara, and on working out there opened the Seaward Moss mill. As an Oddfellow, Mr Bird is a member of the Royal St. George Lodge, Manchester Unity.
(private address, Leet Street, Invercargill), is a partner in the firm of Bird Brothers, saw -millers, Seaward Moss. He was born at Waikiwi in 1871, and educated at Clifton. On leaving school he followed sawmill work at various mills throughout Southland. Together with his brothers, Messrs Thomas Bird and William Bird, he started a sawmill at Otatara in 1900, but removed with them to Seaward Moss at the end of 1903. Mr Bird is a member of the Royal St. George Lodge, Manchester Unitv, Invercargill. He married a daughter of Mr W. Anderson, farmer, of Otatara, and has one son.
, one of the partners of the firm of Bird Brothers, was born at Clifton in 1880, and educated at Otatara. As in the case of his brothers, practically his whole life since he left school has been spent at sawmilling, though he has also worked occasionally on his father's farm at Otatara. He was one of the partners in the mill of Bird Brothers at Otatara.
, Farmer, Seaward Moss. Mr. Wood holds 100 acres of land, on which he conducts mixed farming. He was born in Melbourne, Victoria, on the 28th of November, 1857, and came to the Bluff with his parents when quite a child. After attending school at Nokomai, he went to work on farms and stations, and, later, at the sawmills. In 1888 he took up his present holding, then in its natural state. When not engaged at his farm, Mr Wood works at the sawmill of Messrs Bird Brothers, Woodend. He is a member of the Shamrock, Rose and Thistle Lodge, Manchester Unity, and has been a member of the Seaward Moss school committee for some years. Mr Wood married a daughter of Mr Thomas James, of Cornwall, England, and has two sons and five daughters.
is the name of a settlement which is about a mile and a-half by road-chiefly over sandhills-and one mile by rail, from the Bluff. It came into existence with the establishment of the local freezing works in 1892. These works are very extensive, and are the property of Messrs Birt and Co., Limited, of Sydney, for whom Messrs J. G. Ward and Co. act as managing agents. The settlement is in the Awarua electorate, and in the riding of the same name in the county of Southland, and had a population of a hundred at the census of 1901. A post office is conducted at the office of the freezing works, and mails are received and despatched daily. Provision has been made by the proprietors for the recreation of the men, by the erection and equipment of a library and reading room, with chess, draughts, and other amusements. A flax-mill was established at Ocean Beach in 1903, and for this the raw material is brought by boat from Tewais Point. Presbyterian church services are held at the works from time to time. Settlers in the neighbourhood carry on dairying as well as agriculture. The works are sixteen miles from Invercargill by the Invercargill-Bluff line of railway.
(Birt and Company, Limited. Sydney, proprietors); J. G. Ward and Company, managing agents. These extensive works are built of wood, brick and iron, and comprise the usual departments of a modern freezing establishment. When the company com-menced operations a Haslam machine, capable of producing 120,000 cubic feet of cold air an hour was used, but after two years a Lightfoot machine of 200,000 feet capacity, was fitted up. In 1901 this was removed and was replaced by a Linde-ammonia machine, capable of freezing 3,000 sheep a day. There is a complete fellmongery in connection with the works, which are connected with the Government railway by a siding.
, Chief Engineer of the Ocean Beach Freezing Works, was born in 1851, at Brechin, Forfarshire. Scotland, where he was educated at Farniel school. He served his time as a mill-wright at Redford, and after working for two years in engineering works at Montrose, was engineer in several mills in that town. He afterwards worked on the Tyne, and then went to sea as engineer on a coastal steamer. After passing his examination as second engineer at Leith, he went to China as second engineer on the steamer “Miramar” When he had been two years on the China coast he passed an examination at Hong Kong, and received a first-class colonial certificate, and was appointed chief of the boat. He remained nearly two years in that capacity, and after returning to Britain, passed his examination at Dundee. On receiving his first-class certificate, he was appointed chief engineer of the s.s. “Delhi,” trading to India, and was in that trade for three years and a-half When he left he came to New Zealand. During all his time at sea, about ten years, he was with one company, It may be mentioned that at the time Mr Mitchell passed at Hong Kong, the colonial certificates were of no avail in the Old Country, though they are now, and have been for years; so that he had to pass again when he went Home. Mr Mitchell arrived at Port Chalmers by the s.s. “Rimutaka,” in 1886, and after residing for a short time in Dunedin, removed to Invercargill with a dredge which he erected and worked for the Corporation. He had a good deal to do with the inauguration of the Invercargill water works, and in 1888 was employed in working the plant. After three years' service under the Invercargill Corporation, Mr Mitchell was appointed to his present position as chief engineer at the Ocean Beach Freezing Works, and supervised the erection of the plant. Mr Mitchell is a prominent member of the Presbyterian church at the Bluff, and has been for some years superintendent of the Ocean Beach Sunday school. As a Freemason, he is attached to Lodge Fortitude at the Bluff, and was Junior Deacon of his Lodge in 1904, Mr Mitchell was married, in 1871, to a daughter of the late Mr William Crabb, of Carmyllie, Arbroath, Scotland, and has five daughters and three sons.
, sometime of Ocean Beach, the Bluff, was born in Bristol, England, where he was educated and brought up to a country life. He spent some years in the United States, and landed in Victoria in 1857. Subsequently Mr Parsons came to Southland, and was engaged in sawmilling at Stewart Island for about five years. In 1865 he settled at the Bluff, and took up fifty-three acres of bush land, which he cleared and cultivated. Mr Parsons was married, in 1864, to a daughter of the late Mr William Kennedy, of the North of Ireland, and at his death, in 1903, left
A prominent feature of the landscape, as seen from many an inland hill in Southland, is the rocky headland which guards the entrance to the harbour named the Bluff. As the sea-borne traveller views this dome-shaped peninsula from the deck of a steamer, and observes that it is almost barren of vegetation, he is not particularly impressed with the beauty of the country which he is nearing. Fortunately, the nature of the headland is no index to the general character of New Zealand. The harbour is noted for its safety from all points and has the advantage of the majority of New Zealand harbours, in having no bar. There is a clear fairway from Foveaux Strait right up to the Bluff wharf. The depth of the water is sufficient to admit with safety the largest liners that visit the colony, and the lower anchorage is fairly secure from the winds, and has excellent holding ground. The Bluff Hill rises to 800 feet above the sea level, and on the top there is a signal station where watch is kept from sunrise to sunset. On the north side of the hill is the lowlying land, on which stands the borough of Campbelltown. A very fine walk of about two miles in length has been constructed round the promontory, and the noble sea views from various points include Dog Island, Ruapuke, Stewart Island and Central Island; and some of the finest ferns in the colony grow on the banks of the road. One of the most important industries at the Bluff is the oyster and fishing trade, in which a considerable number of fishing smacks and men are engaged. Large quantities of fish are shipped in a frozen condition to the Australian markets, and there is also a considerable business in curing and smoking. There are oyster farms which, during the season, send large consignments to all parts of the colony, as well as to Australia. Close to the head of the wharf, there are extensive freezing works belonging to the Southland Meat Export Company, which despatches heavy shipments of frozen mutton by the ocean liners that visit the port. In the town there are three general stores, the same number of drapers' shops, bootmakers' shops, and butchers' shops, two bakers' shops, two engineering establishments, and a foundry. For the accommodation of travellers there are four hotels, in addition to private boarding houses. The noteworthy buildings include the post office with its tower and town clock with cathedral chimes, completed on the 21st of December. 1900; a handsome modern two-storey railway station, and a number of very fine grain stores; and the town also has a telephone exchange, a customs-house, police office, magistrate's court, and a stock inspector's office. There are five churches-namely, Anglican, Presbyterian, Primitive Methodist, Roman Catholic, and Plymouth Brethren. The public school, which was established in the sixties, has an average attendance of 250 scholars, and there is a denominational school belonging to the Roman Catholics. An Athenaeum, Drill Hall and Sailors' Rest are also in full operation. In respect to the volunteers, the Bluff has a corps of Guards and a company of cadets. A regatta is held yearly on the 2nd of January, when the port is crowded with visitors from Invercargill and other parts of Southland. Bluff is the seaport of Invercargill, and stands second to Dunedin and fifth in the list for New Zealand with respect to the value of its exports. The town is the terminus of the Hurunui-Bluff section of New Zealand railways, and is seventeen miles from Invercargill. It is in the electoral districtof Awarua, and in the Awarua riding of the county of Southland. At the census of 1901 there was a population of 1350, an increase of 275 from the previous census. The Bluff is the first and last port of call for steamers to and from Hobart and Melbourne.
was founded in 1897. It has an area of 2,000 acres; and in 1903 there were 360 buildings, owned by a like number of ratepayers, and 660 rateable properties, with an estimated
annual rateable value of £10,074 A general rate of 1s 3d in the pound produces a revenue of £650; and a rate of 3d in the pound on the annual value is levied to provide interest on loans, which amount to £9,000, raised for the purposes of the borough, including street improvements, drainage and lighting. The gross revenue for the year ending March, 1903, was £1,600. In 1903 the town was lighted under arrangement with the Southland Freezing Company by an electric installation, which supplies forty-five street lamps of twenty-five candle power. The water supply of the borough is obtained through the Bluff Harbour Board. There is a well equipped fire brigade station, under the control of the council, and in charge of Mr P. Georgeson, as superintendent. The borough has a
, was elected Mayor in 1898, in succession to Sir Joseph Ward, and has been re-elected yearly up to the present time (1904). He is the only son of the late Mr. James Reed, chemist, was born in 1869 at Invercargill, and educated at the Bluff and Invercargill High Schools. In 1886, he joined the New Zealand Loan and Mercantile Agency Company at the Bluff as a junior, and was subsequently promoted, to the Invercargill office, where he remained some years. He was removed back to the Bluff in 1889 to fill the position of agent. He was initiated into Freemasonry in Lodge Fortitude. No. 64, N.Z.C.; afterwards became secretary, filled the office of junior warden, and was elected worshipful master in 1895; he subsequently took the R.A. degree in Lodge Southern Cross, Invercargill. He was first elected to the Campbelltown Borough Council in 1895, and was re-elected in 1897.
was elected to the Campbelltown Borough Council in 1893. Mr King was born on the 3rd of December, 1863, at the Bluff, where he was educated. After working for nine years at the Bluff Freezing Works, he joined the staff of Messrs J. Mill and Co., in 1897, and was promoted to the position of foreman in April, 1900. Mr King has been a member of the Bluff school committee, and was for some time a volunteer in the Bluff Navals. He was one of the founders of the Awarua Lodge of Oddfellows, in which he has passed all the chairs, and was for a time president of the junior lodge. Mr King was married, in 1888, to Miss Burgess, of Glasgow, and has four daughters and two sons.
McKenzie. who was elected to the Campbelltown Borough Council in April, 1901, was born in 1858, at Deeside, Aberdeenshire, Scotland, where he was educated and brought up as a builder. Mr McKenzie landed at Sydney in 1883, and shortly afterwards removed to Melbourne, where he resided for ten years. He came to the Bluff in 1893, and has since been engaged in the building trade, and has erected several prominent buildings, Mr McKenzie joined the Order of Druids in Melbourne in 1883, and was afterwards transferred to the Invercargill Lodge. He was married, in 1887, to a daughter of the late Mr George Rose, of Fyvie, Aberdeenshire, Scotland, and has three sons and one daughter.
has been a member of the Campbelltown Borough Council since 1898 He was born in 1864, at Invercargill, where he was educated and brought up as a carpenter. In 1889 he was engaged in the erection of the front portion of the Dunedin Exhibition building, and on the completion of that work he settled at the Bluff, where he has carried on business as a builder since 1891. Mr Walker has served since 1898 on the Bluff school committee, of which he was for some time chairman, and is a member of the Bluff Band. As a Freemason, he is attached to Lodge Fortitude, Bluff, and as a Forester is connected with Court Southern Cross, 6,131. Mr Walker was married, in 1890, to a daughter of Mr Paul Smith, of the Bluff, and has five daughters and one son. He is elsewhere referred to in connection with his business as a carpenter and builder.
was inaugurated on the 14th of August. 1888, with four members, and has since steadily progressed in numbers and efficiency, In 1903 it had ten members; namely, P. Georgeson, captain; J. Hunter, lieutenant; J. Wilson, foreman; J. Kiernan, secretary; and six firemen. The station, of wood and iron, was built by the Borough Council in Lee Street, in 1899, It contains an engine-shed and social hall, and was duly opened by Sir Joseph Ward. The appliances consist of a hose reel and 1,300 feet of hose, of which 700 feet is new canvas hose of the best quality. The water supply in the borough affords a pressure of 135lbs: thus the Brigade is able to cope with any emergency, and local property owners have to pay insurance rates only on the lowest scale. During the years 1896 to 1903 only four fires occurred, but in 1903 there were six alarms, and the outbreak at the Club Hotel, on the 19th of March, resulted in seven business premises being destroyed or seriously damaged; and, but for the efforts of the Brigade, the consequences would have been much more disastrous. Each member of the Brigade provides his own uniform and tools, and only the helmets are paid for out of the public funds.
is an enthusiastic fire brigadesman, and became a member of the Caversham Brigade, Dunedin, in 1878. Except for an interval of eighteen months, he has served continuously since that time. Mr Georgeson was born at Leith, Edinburgh, Scotland, on the 18th of August, 1857, and was educated chiefly in the Shetland Islands; but learned his trade as a baker under Mr Sawers, of Lawn Market, Edinburgh. In 1876 he arrived at Port Chalmers by the ship “Waimate” (Captain Peak), and found employment with Mr R. B. Wilson, at Caversham, for eighteen months. After a short experience at gold digging at Kumar on the West Coast, Mr Georgeson returned to Otago, and was working at Port Chalmers for Mr Ritchie for a time. He was subsequently engaged at Temuka, Canterbury, for about two years, but removed to Southland in 1885, and was employed by the late Mr McEwan, at Avenal, Invercargill, for five years. In 1890 he settled at the Bluff, and established the business which is referred to in another article. Mr Georgeson, who has served three terms as a member of the local Borough Council, holds the silver medal granted by the United Fire Brigades' Association of New Zealand for five years' service. ending June, 1900. and the silver bar for two additional years' service. Mr Georgeson represented the Bluff at the conference held at Napier in March, 1903. He was married, in 1897. to a daughter of the late Mr Alexander Leith, of Edinburgh, and has three daughters and two sons.
(Of the firm of Messrs. Nichol Bros., Merchants, Bluff and Invercargill), was Mayor of Campbelltown or Bluff from 1888 to 1892, and from 1895 to 1897. Mr Nichol devoted considerable time in furthering the raising of a loan of £5,000, which the ratepayers approved, for the purpose of improving the streets, and drainage of the borough. Born at Hobart, Tasmania, in 1840, Mr. Nichol is the second son of the late Mr. Robert Nichol, an ex-bank manager, and was educated at Hobart where he received a thorough commercial training, in the firm of Messrs. Chapman and Thomas, merchants. Mr. Nichol left his native land in 1859, for New Zealand and arrived at Riverton. in the brig “Reliance,” and served as a station cadet with Captain Raymond, the well-known squatter. He afterwards became chief clerk in the Wharfinger's department at Invercargill, and subsequently he was Wharfinger at Bluff. When the Provincial Government opened the Bluff line, they offered Mr. Mchol the special position of Station Agent, which he accepted, they being so satisfied with his past services. In consequence of the falling of the revenue, the Provincial Government leased the Bluff railway for eighteen months to Messrs. Nichol and Sherar, whose management was so successful and profitable, that the Government would not renew the lease. From that time, Mr. Nichol had associated with him in business his brother, Mr. Geo. W. Nichol, and the late Mr. Geo. E. Tucker. Mr. Samuel Nichol was one of the first elected members of the Bluff Harbour Board. He has been a justice of the peace since 1885. He became initiated into Freemasonry in Lodge Southern Cross, Invercargill, about 1863, and was elected W.M. of Lodge Fortitude, No. 2301, E.C. (now No. 64, N.Z.C.) at Bluff on the 14th January, 1894. He also holds the rank of G.S. in the Grand Lodge of New Zealand.
, who was Mayor of Campbelltown from 1882 to 1886, and again in 1898, is well known as member for Awarua in the House of Representatives, and as Minister of Railways and Postmaster-General for the colony. A sketch of his life is given at page 47 of the Wellington volume of this work.
, who was for some time a member of the Campbelltown Borough Council, was born at Dominica, West Indies, in 1840. He is the youngest son of Mr. Edmund Rufus Bertrand, lieutenant in the East Indian navy, and his mother was Miss Frances Lee before her marriage, daughter of Squire Lee, of Coldley, near Alton, Hampshire, England. Both his parents died at an early age, and the subject of this sketch was adopted by his mother's relatives. He was educated at Upper Clapton, near Hackney, and at the Greenwich Naval School. At the age of fifteen years, he entered the Royal Navy as assistant clerk on H.M.S. “Bulldog,” in which he remained for eighteen months; was then transferred to the “Excellent,” gunneryship at Portsmonth, and afterwards served as clerk on various ships on the South American station. Mr. Bertrand came to New Zealand in the ship “Metropolis” in 1863, and joined the Customs Department at Timaru as clerk; he was successively first and second landing waiter at Greymouth, first landing waiter at Westport, and in 1874 officer-in-charge at Bluff. Mr. Bertrand retired on a pension in November, 1894, chiefly on account of ill-health, after a long and arduous service of thirty-one years. He was elected to the borough council in 1897. was initiated into Freemasonry in Lodge St. John, No. 610, S.C., Invercargill, in 1885, and afterwards affiliated with Lodge Fortitude, No. 62, N.Z.C., Bluff. In 1871 he married a daughter of Mr. Labatt, of Westport.
, who was for some time a member of the Campbelltown Borough Council, was born at Wurtemburg, Germany, in 1849, and was educated partly in his native land, and partly at Bradford, Yorkshire, England. He was engaged in the pork butchering trade in Bradford for four years, and left Liverpool, in 1872, by the ship “Milwall” for Melbourne. After travelling through Australia, he was engaged by Mr. J. H. Smith, butcher, of Invercargill, and subsequently was in partnership, with Mr. Thomas Maldby for eleven years. Mr. Metzger afterwards built the Bay View Hotel at the Bluff, which he still conducts. He was elected as councillor in 1896, and takes a keen interest in all local matters, is a prominent member of the Southland Licensed Victuallers' Association, vicepresident of the Awarua Boating Club, president of the Football Club, member of the Gun and Rifle Clubs, and of the school committee; and was initiated into Freemasonry in Lodge Southern Cross, S.C., Invercargill. Mr. Metzger is an ardent yachtsman, and gained the championship at the New Year Regatta held at the Bluff on New Year's Day, in 1898, with his own yacht.
has, in addition to the harbour, the control of about 8,500 acres of foreshore, and of 33,000 acres of endowment in the Taringatura district. This land is leased in small grazing runs, and brings in a yearly revenue of £500, which the Board pays into its sinking fund. The revenue of the Board for the year ending 31st December, 1903, amounted to £18,112, and the expenditure for the same year, including interest on loans and works (£8,571) was £19,057. The assets of the Board amount to £114,696, and its liabilities to £50,111. The accumulated sinking fund in the hands, of the Public Trustee is £24,246. The Harbour Board owns a fine reservoir, which is built on the hill, and from this the shipping is supplied with water, and, also, by arrangement with the Campbelltown Borough Council, residents at the Bluff. There is a complete pilot service, and the Harbour Board owns a tug steamer, which makes periodical trips to Stewart Island. The Board was constituted in 1877, and the amount of shipping has greatly increased in recent years. Members for 1904: Messrs A. Bain (chairman), J. E. Watson. R. Dunlop, G. R. Waddel. L. W. Raymond, T. Gilroy, R. A. Anderson, H. Hirst, T. Green, J. W. Mitchell, and Sir Joseph Ward. Officers: Mr W. Sharp, C.E. (engineer), Mr G. R. George (secretary and treasurer); Captain N. McDonald (harbour master and chief pilot); and Captain C. H. Lovett (second pilot). The Board's offices are centrally situated in Gore Street, and consist of a handsome brick building of two stories. Meetings are held on the last Friday of the month.
, who has been chairman of the Bluff Harbour Board since 1903, and a member since 1896, was born, in 1856, in Aberdeen, Scotland. He went to sea at the age of nine years, and lived mostly on the water until he was twenty years of age, taking a second mate's certificate in 1877. He was a seaman on board the ship “Marlborough,” which arrived in Dunedin in December, 1877, when he removed to Southland, with which he has been associated since January, 1889, He learned the trade of a carpenter in the colony, and began business as a builder in 1886. Mr Bain served for a short time as a member of the Invercargill Borough Council. He has been on the South Invercargill Borough Council since 1880, and has served six terms as Mayor during that time. Mr Bain is also chairman of the Hospital and Charitable Aid Board, a member of the hospital committee, and is chairman of the South School committee. He has served as a member and director
, who has long been a member of the Bluff Harbour Board, and was for nine years its chairman, was born at Thornhill, Perthshire, Scotland, in 1832, and came to New Zealand in 1862. He has been identified with local politics for the last forty years, during which he has rendered important services to his fellow-citizens. In 1870 he was elected Mayor, and during his term of office took steps which ended in an Act being passed to constitute the Bluff Harbour Board. Perhaps, however, the greatest service he has rendered to Southland was his energetic action as chairman of the Railway and Immigration Committee in the seventies, as the success of that redoubtable association is fully attested by the network of railways of which Invercargill is the centre. Mr. Mitchell was re-elected Mayor of Invercargill in 1890.
, who has for some time held a seat on the Bluff Harbour Board, was born in 1863, near Edinburgh, and received his education in that city. He arrived in New Zealand in 1880. and entered the service of the New Zealand Loan and Mercantile Agency Company, with which he remained for nine years. In 1889 he joined Mr. Tothill. under the style of Tothill and Watson, merchants, etc. This business is now conducted under the style of J. E. Watson and Company, Limited, with Mr. Watson as Chairman of Directors. Mr. Watson was elected a member of the Invercargill Borough Council in 1896, and he has long been connected with the Southland Hospital Board as member and chairman.
, J. P., Secretary and Treasurer of the Bluff Harbour Board, was born in 1858, in Liverpool, England, and arrived in New Zealand in 1879. For some years prior to his appointment under the Board, Mr George was an officer in connection with the Government Insurance Department, and was stationed in Invercargill. He was for four years a member of the Southland Education Board.
, Harbour-Master and Chief Pilot under the Bluff Harbour Board, was born in Harris, Inverness-shire, Scotland, in 1855, and is the second son of Mr. Donald Macdonald. He entered the merchant service in 1869, and sailed in vessels belonging to the Glasgow Shipping Company, trading to Melbourne, afterwards serving in the City Line, which traded to Calcutta. On arriving in Melbourne in 1879, he joined the Union Steam Ship Company of New Zealand, and continued in its service for two years, acting successively as second and first officer. Subsequently, he was appointed first officer of the New Zealand Government's s.s. “Stella,” and retained the post for two years. In January, 1888, he was appointed to his present position, and during his term of office the port has been free from accident of any kind—an admirable record. Captain Macdonald was one of the founders of Lodge Fortitude, No. 64, N.Z.C., Bluff, and was elected worshipful master in 1897. He was exalted to the R.A. degree in Southern Cross Chapter, Invercargill, and to that of Mark Mason in Lodge Otago, No. 844, E.C. He is a chieftain of the Highland Society and a prominent member of the Southland Caledonian Society. Captain Macdonald was married to a daughter of Mr. Duncan Cameron, of “Rosebank Farm,” Gippsland, Victoria, and has ten children.
, Second Pilot to the Bluff Harbour Board, is the second son of Mr. F. H. Lovett of the Tasmanian Survey Department. He was born, in 1853, at Hobart, where he was educated at a collegiate school, and afterwards joined the whaling barque “Aladdin,” belonging to Mr. John McArthur, of Hobart, and remained seven years in that gentleman's whaling service. He rose to the rank of second mate, obtained a master's certificate in 1878, and then commanded the barque “Bells” and other vessels belonging to Mr. C. W. Turner, of Christchurch, until 1892, when he was appointed to his present position. He was initiated into Freemasonry in 1879, in Lodge Unanimity, Lyttelton, and in 1893 affiliated with Lodge Fortitude, No. 64, N.Z.C., Bluff, in which he now is a Past Master. Captain Lovett was married in 1880 to Miss Lucas, of Tasmania, and has five children.
, Inspector of Works for the Bluff Harbour Board, was born in 1848, at Colchester, Essex, England, where he served his apprenticeship as a carpenter under Messrs George Dobson and Son, Colchester, and afterwards became pattern-maker to Messrs Davey and Paxman. Mr Johnson arrived at the Bluff, in 1875, by the ship “Adamant,” and joined the railway service as a carpenter. He was afterwards promoted to the position of Inspector of Bridges, and served the Government in that capacity for six years. On leaving the railway service he settled at Dipton, where he was in business on his own account for six years. Mr Johnson was appointed to his present position under the Harbour Board in 1889. As a Freemason, he is connected with Lodge Fortitude, in which he has passed all the chairs. He was married, in 1870, to a daughter of the late Mr C. Clover, of Colchester, England, and has four sons and three daughters.
is domiciled in a handsome two storey brick building, at the corner of Gore and Lee Streets, and has a tower, with a clock which has cathedral chimes. The rooms consist of a public office, mail, postmaster's and operating rooms, and a telephone exchange. A large number of mails are received and despatched daily, and oversea mails for the Australian colonies, foreign offices and United Kingdom are sent by every steamer.
All South Island mails are landed and distributed at the Bluff. The telephone exchange has thirty-three subscribers, and the postmaster has seven assistants.
, Postmaster at the Bluff, was transferred from Auckland in 1903. He is referred to as an officer of the volunteers at page 161 of the Auckland volume of this work.
was first established in the year 1870, and is the terminus of the Hurunui-Blulf section of New Zealand railways. The present station building is two stories in height, of wood and iron, and was erected in 1904. A ladies' waiting-room and lavatory, parcels and booking office, the stationmaster's office, and the rooms for guards and porters are on the ground floor; and the offices connected with the goods department, on the next floor. There is a commodious passenger platform, and a verandah extends the full length of the building. In addition to the station building, there are large goods, engine and coal sheds. About twenty trains arrive and depart from the Bluff every day, and the stationmaster's staff numbers about twenty, including clerks.
, Stationmaster at the Bluff, was appointed to the position in February, 1904. He was born at Dumbarton, Scotland, in 1855; educated at the Scotch Free School; entered the service of the North British Railway Company in 1860, and remained there six years. At the age of eighteen he came to New Zealand by the ship “Wild Deer,” landing at Port Chalmers, where he was engaged by Messrs Cobb and Co for some time, and then joined the Government service. He made steady progress, and became successively stationmaster at Pukerau, Orepuki, Kingston and Edendale, whence, after a term of eight years, he was transferred to Inglewood, in Taranaki; and from Inglewood, he was promoted to his present position. Mr Guy was married, in 1888, to a daughter of Mr P. B. Bolt, of Lake Wakatipu, and has three sons and two daughters.
, who has been second clerk at the Bluff railway Station since 1897, was born in 1870 at the Bluff, where he was educated. He entered the railway service in Invercargill as a cadet in 1890, was promoted to the position of clerk six years later, and was transferred to the Bluff in the following year. He is attached to the Loyal Awarua Lodge of Oddfellows, Manchester Unity, in which he has passed all the chairs. Mr McQuarrie is a member of the Awarua Boating Club, of which he was at one time secretary. He was married, in 1903, to a daughter of Mr A. Baker, of Invercargill, and has one daughter.
, Railway Wharf Foreman at the Bluff, was born in Shetland, Scotland, in 1847, and came to New Zealand in 1860 by the barque “Henrietta. For a time he lived in Dunedin, where be attended a night school, and settled at the Bluff in 1865. Having been accustomed to the handling of boats from his youth he shortly afterwards joined the pilot service, and was frequently in charge of the pilot boat. Mr Sinclair joined the railway service in 1876 as porter, and after serving twelve years in that capacity was appointed foreman on the wharf. Mr Sinclair was initiated in the Shamrock. Rose and Thistle Lodge of Oddfellows, in 1869, and is now connected with the Loyal Awarua Lodge at the Bluff, in which he has passed all the chairs. In the early days he served on the Bluff school committee. Mr Sinclair was married, in 1867, and has one daughter.
at the Bluff was erected in 1877. The building, which stands on a quarter-acre section, has seating accommodation for 270 persons, exclusive of the choir, which will hold thirty. It was the pioneer church at the Bluff, and since its establishment has been considerably enlarged. Services are held morning and evening every Sunday, and the Sunday school is attended by eighty-four children, in charge of thirteen teachers. The parsonage, which contains six rooms was erected in 1900, and stands on a quarter-acre section on the hill overlooking the harbour and town. The church is free from debt.
, Minister of the Primitive Methodist Church at the Bluff, was born in Kent, England, in 1869. After qualifying for the ministiy, he was accepted and sent to New Zealand by the English Conference in 1897. Mr Cossum was ordained in 1901, and was for two years at Eltham, and for a like period at Dunedin, and at Waddington, before taking up his duties at the Bluff in March, 1903. Mr Cossum was married, in 1901, to a daughter of Mr James Brooker, of Bromley. Kent, England.
, M.B., Ch.B. (N.Z.), M.R.C.S. and L.R.C.P. (London), Physician and Surgeon, Bluff. Dr. Torrance was horn in Dunedin, where he was educated at the High School, and Qualified for his profession at Otago University, after which he commenced practice at the Bluff in the beginning of 1893. In 1896, he went to England and studied at St. Bartholomew's Hospital, taking the degrees of M.R.C.S. and L.R.O.P. On returning to New Zealand, he at once resumed practice at the Bluff, where he acts as Health Officer, Native Medical Officer, and Public Vaccinator. Dr. Torrance takes a general Interest in athletic sports, being an old and dashing footballer, and also fills the office of vice-president of the Awarua Rowing Club. He has for some years been a member of the Campbelltown Borough Council.
, Baker, Confectioner, Pastry Cook, and Grocer, Gore Street, Bluff. This well-known business was established by the proprietor in 1890. The buildings stand on
, Builder, Bluff. Mr Johnston was born in 1875, at the Bluff, where he was educated. He served a six years' apprenticeship to his trade, and then worked as a journeyman until the beginning of 1902, when he started his present business Mr Johnston has a carpenter's and joiner's shop, with a complete plant. Amongst the buildings erected by him are those in connection with Mr Cawthorne's large fellmongery establishment at West Plains. Mr Johnston was a member of the Bluff Navals for four years, and was one of the corp's shooting team. He was married, in 1899, to a daughter of Mr W. Cawthorne, fellmonger, of Invercargill and the Bluff, and has one son.
, Carpenter and Builder. Gore Street, Bluff. This business was established in 1890 by Mr John Walker, father of the present proprietor, and has been conducted by Mr James Walker since 1893. There is a convenient workshop with all the needful plant, and six men are usually employed. Mr Walker has erected a large number of cottages, as well as the Masonie Hall, which he completed in 1903. He is further referred to as a member of the Campbelltown Borough Council.
, Shipwright, Barrow Street, Bluff. Mr Donaldson was born in 1844, in Haddingtonshire, Scotland, where he was apprenticed to a house carpenter. He afterwards worked as a shipwright and joiner at Cockenzie for about twenty years, and came to Dunedin, in 1888, by the s.s. “Ionie.” Mr Donaldson resitied for four years at South Dunedin, working chiefly at his trade, and at the Dunedin exhibition of 1889, gained the first prize and special mention for a model fishing cutter of his own construction. He afterwards removed to the Bluff, where he established his present business. When Lord Brassey visited the Bluff in his yacht, “Sunbeam,” Mr Donaldson was engaged to carry out repairs to the vessel. Mr Donaldson has served on the Bluff school committee since 1901, and is a member of the Presbyterian church and superintendent of the Sunday school. He has been married three times. His first wife, who was a daughter of the late Mr Richard Alexander, of Cockenzie, died in 1882, leaving two sons and two daughters; and the following year he married a daughter of the late Mr Kenneth McKenzie of Ross-shire, and she bore him one son and three daughters. In 1903 Mr Donaldson was married to the widow of the late Mr Thomas Gilson, who had four sons and two daughters by her former marriage.
(James Thomas Wiggins, proprietor), Gore Street, Bluff. The Bluff Dairy Supply Company was established by the Invercargill Dairy Supply Company in 1901, and was taken over by the present proprietor in May. 1902. Milk, butter, cheese, bacon, eggs, and poultry are supplied by the company.
, Proprietor of the Bluff Daily Supply Company, was born in 1858, in Oxfordshire, England, where he was educated. He was employed in a woollen cloth factory, till 1880, when he left for Australia. After spending some years in the Australian colonies, he landed at Wellington in 1887. Mr Wiggins worked in both the North Island and the Middle Island for some years, and in 1900 settled in Southland, where he farmed 240 acres of freehold at Otatara. He subsequently leased the Bluff Dairy Supply Company's property and embarked in his present business.
(Charles Sutherland, proprietor), Gore Street, Bluff. This hotel was established about forty years ago. The building has been burned down three times—the last occasion on the 19th March, 1903; but the premises were rebuilt in brick, and re-opened in 1904. The “Club” is a two-storey building, with forty rooms, thirty of which are bedrooms; and there are four sitting-rooms, a dining-hall capable of seating forty guests, and a large billiard-room with a new Alcock table. The whole building is lighted with electricity.
, Proprietor of the Club Hotel, was born in Christchurch, in May, 1871, and in 1887 was apprenticed at Mr Freeman's Coach Factory, where he learned the
(Charles Alexander Tulloch, proprietor), Gore Street, Bluff. This well-known hotel was established in 1861, and has been conducted by Mr Tulloch since 1900. The building is of wood and iron, and contains eighteen bedrooms, four sitting-rooms, and a dining-room, which will accommodate twenty people.
, Engineer and General Smith, Gore Street, Bluff. Mr Metzger's business was established in 1899, and the premises, which stand on half-an-acre of land, consist of a wood and iron building. There is a full plant, including a five-horse power oil engine, lathes, screwing, cutting, punching and shearing machines, and two forges. Four men are employed in the works. Mr Metzger was born in 1877, in Invercargill, where he learned his trade with one of the large engineering firms, and was so employed until establishing his present business. As a Freemason, Mr Metzger is connected with Lodge Fortitude, and is attached to the Loyal Awarua Lodge of Oddfellows.
(Victor Metzger and Henry Joosten), Importers of Oil Engines, Dynamos, and Batteries, Gore Street, Bluff. This busineess was established in 1899, and is conducted at the engineering establishment of Mr V. Metzjer.
, Limited, has extensive works at the Bluff, as well as at Mataura and Wallacetown. An account of the company and its operations is given under Invercargill.
, Engineer-in-charge of the Southland Frozen Meat Company's works at the Bluff, was born in Southland in 1869, and is the sixth son of Mr. Adnm Cruickshank, an old identity, residing near Gore. He was educated in Invercargill, and was apprenticed to the trade of a mechanical engineer at Messrs Johnston and Sons' Vulcan Foundry. In 1891 he went to Scotland, where he completed his training with the celebrated
, Engineer of the Southland Freezing Works at the Bluff, was born, in 1848, in Forfarshire. Scotland. Before coming to the colony, he was engine driver for nine years on the Caledonian railway, in his native land. He arrived at Port Chalmers by the ship “Oxford,” in 1876, and after spending a few months at the Taieri, became a fireman on the railway at Oamaru, where his previous experience secured him an appointment as driver, after six weeks' service. In May, 1884, Mr White left the railway service and settled at the Bluff, where he has been employed at the freezing works since 1885. He is a member of the Order of Foresters, and, as a Freemason, was initiated in St. David's Lodge in Kineardinshire, Scotland. Mr White was married, in 1880, to a daughter of the late Mr William Thomas, of Keith, Banffshire, Scotland, and has five sons and one daughter.
, Fish and Oyster dealer, Gore Street, Bluff. This business was established about twenty years ago. Mr Moody was born in Belfast, Ireland, in 1858. When a lad he went to sea, and in 1872 became captain of a vessel engaged in the English coastal trade. Mr Moody came to New Zealand by the ship “Dunedin “in 1873, and shortly afterwards went to Stewart Island, where he was in the fish trade for nine years. In 1884 he engaged in the wholesale and retail fish and oyster trade at the Bluff, where he erected a curing-shed and two smoke houses. He is a large buyer of fish, and is the owner of the ketch “Tui,” which he employs in fishing. Mr Moody was married, in 1888, to a daughter of the late Mr Richard Price, of Herefordshire, England, and has one son.
, Gore Street, Bluff. The Bluff branch of this company was established in 1879. The premises, which consist of a large brick and iron two-storey building connected with the Government railway by a siding, have a storage capacity for 80,000 sacks of grain. A large proportion of the oats raised in Southland is shipped by the company.
, Agent of the National Mortgage and Agency Company at the Bluff, was born in 1868, at the Bluff, where he was educated. On leaving school he joined the service of the National Mortgage and Agency Company, and after serving seven years was promoted to his present position in 1889. He also acts as agent for the National Insurance Company at the Bluff. Mr King has been a member of the Regatta Committee since 1900, and has served for seven years as a volunteer in the Bluff Rifles. He has been a member of the Athenaeum Committee since 1892. Mr King was married in November. 1903, to, a daughter of the late Mr A. Gavock, of Invercargill, and has one son and one daughter.
. The Bluff branch of this company's business is carried on in a substantial building in Gore Street, and is connected with the railway by a siding.
, who has been agent of the New Zealand Loan and Mercantile Agency Company, at the Bluff, since 1889, is referred to in another article as Mayor of Campbelltown.
, Stock and Station Agents; Bluff branch, Gore Street, Bluff; head office, Dunedin. The business of Wright, Stephenson gnd Company at the Bluff has been established many years and is conducted in Ward's buildings. A railway siding is used for receiving and despatching grain and produce, direct on to the trucks. The whole of the Southland shipping of the firm is done from this centre, and from eighty to ninety thousand sacks passed through in 1904.
, Manager of Messrs Wright, Stephenson and Company's branch at the Bluff, was born in 1867, in Glasgow, Scotland, where he was educated and brought up as a sailmaker. He afterwards went to sea, and in 1897 landed in Dunedin, where he joined the staff of Messrs Wright, Stephenson and Company.
, Carrier, Bluff. Mr Parsons is a son of the late Mr William Parsons, of Ocean Beach, where he was born in October, 1874. He was brought up to the carrying trade, and in 1895 took over his father's business, which he has since conducted and increased. Mr Parsons is attached to the Loyal Awarua Lodge of Oddfellows, Manchester Unity. He was married, in 1901, to a daughter of Mr J. Plank, of Bluff, and has two sons.
is separated from the Middle Island by Foveaux Strait. It is remarkable for the number and beauty of its bays and the extent and loveliness of its bush; indeed, it is a land of hills, which are for the most part covered with virgin forest. The island is over forty miles in length, and about twenty-five miles wide, and has an area of nearly 1,000 square miles. At a point somewhere near the centre it is penetrated by Paterson's Inlet, which runs fully half way into the land. From the head of this inlet, continuous low ground extends to Mason's Bay on the west coast. It is the opinion of many that at one time the sea washed over this low ground, thus dividing the island into two, of which the northern would have been the smaller portion. The industries of Stewart Island include Eshing, stockbreeding, sawmilling, mining, boat building and the tourist traffic. The fishing industry is extensive, and many old settlers have from time to time found occasional employment in connection with it. The representatives of merchants resident at the Bluff and in Australia are constant buyers and shippers of the fish that is brought in in great abundance to the jetty at Half Moon Bay. Grass grows in abundance anywhere on the island, and there is excellent pasture for both sheep and cattle. Sawmills have been worked in various parts of the island for many years; but, latterly, the Government has hesitated to grant timber rights, as there is a strong belief that the natural bush should be preserved for its own sake and as an object of interest to tourists. Both tin and gold have been worked at Pegasus, and a quartz-reef has also been discovered about five miles from Half Moon Bay. Ironsand abounds in the island, between Half Moon Bay and Paterson's Inlet. This sand, on being tested some years ago, was said to be superior to Taranaki sand, and also contained a sufficient quantity of gold to pay for the expenses of smelting. In the year 1890 a rush set in at Port Pegasus, and over a hundred claims were taken up. Unfortunately, the principal business was devoted to floating companies and selling shares. Mr. Thomson, who is well known as the proprietor of the oldest boarding establishment at Half Moon Bay, has spent a good deal of time in developing the mining industry, and he states that about £4,000 worth of gold, in addition to thirteen tons of tin, has already been sent away from the island. The field was visited some time back by Professor Black, of the University of Otago, and during his inspection tin lodes were discovered, in addition to the stream tin which Mr. Thomson had found. It seems probable that at some future time this valuable industry will be developed, but mining has latterly been confined to the work of a few parties of alluvial diggers. The tourist traffic has been growing rapidly, and with increased communication with the mainland, and largely extended accommodation at Half Moon Bay and other bays, it may with reason be expected to become much more extensive in the near future.
Stewart Island is surpassingly beautiful, with its numerous bays and their pretty beaches flanked by virgin bush; and the picturesque walks and “corduroy” tracks are exceedingly popular with all those who have had the pleasure of using them. There is no lack of occupation for the traveller who is able to take reasonable exercise, for there are first-rate facilities for boating, sea bathing, fishing, yachting, shooting and fern collecting. In the season of 1904 the little vessel belonging to the Bluff Harbour Board visited Half Moon Bay twice every week. The fishing grounds of the island are mostly in the northern portion. There are recognised banks, such as those at Mamakau and White's Points, at Port William, Gull Rock, Murray River, Saddle Rock, White Rock, Black Rock, Cave Point, Rugged
Of the hills on the island, the highest peak is Mount Anglem (Hananui), 3,200 feet, and the next highest is Rakeahuai, 2,110 feet. The island is divided into six districts; namely, Anglem on the north, Paterson's and Lord's river on the east; Mason and Pegasus on the west; and the southern extremity is known as South Cape. There are marvellously beautiful trips for tourists and visitors to be found on various parts of the island. Paterson's Inlet, a stretch of water ten miles in length, is only one mile from Half Moon Bay by a picturesque track, or it may be reached by boat round Aker's Point. Rabbit or Native Island is at the entrance of the inlet; and Ulva or Cooper's Island is then passed, with the Maori settlement on the Neck, to the left. No word painting can describe the magnificent scenery of this inlet, with its numerous coves and bays. Another delightful trip is that to Horseshoe Bay, two miles from the settlement by road or boat. The lovely white beach of this bay is one mile round, and is flanked on its landward sides by beautiful native bush. The next bay beyond is named Lee Bay, which is the landing place of the cables from the mainland.
Stewart Island is in the Awarua electoral district. The principal centre of population on the island is at Half Moon Bay, which is the site of the township of Oban. This township is partly in the north and partly in the south riding of the county of Stewart Island. At the census of 1901 the population of the township within the north riding was eighty, and within the south riding seventeen, while the Bay itself had a population of forty-one in the north and forty in the south riding. The total European population of the island at the same date was 253, and there were about eighty Maoris. At Half Moon Bay there are three stores, a draper's shop, a tobacconist's and fancy goods shop, and four boarding houses. The courthouse and the police station occupy central positions, and there is an Athenaeum Hall, which is available for public meetings and entertainments. Churches are represented by Anglican and Presbyterian, and there is a vicarage and a manse for the resident clergymen. Since the seventies the Postal Department has had an office in the township of Oban, and there are branch offices at Ulva and the Neck, to each of which there is a weekly mail service. The island has been joined by cable since the 11th of June, 1902, and the telephone bureau at Half Moon Bay connects with the Bluff, Invercargill and surrounding districts. The public school at Half Moon Bay dates from 1874, and had forty-two names on its roll in 1904, with an average attendance of thirty-four.
In the months of April and May each year the natives of Stewart Island are very busy collecting mutton birds on the surrounding islands. The birds are caught before they are able to fly, and having been cured, are packed in curious kits, and carried away by cutter loads to the Bluff market. It is an interesting sight to watch the arrival of the mutton bird cutter, and see the methods adopted by the Maoris in disposing of their annual harvest.
It might naturally be imagined that the climate of Stewart Island, from its extreme southern position, must be cold and bleak; such, however, is not the case; and many flowers which would not grow in Invercargill, flourish in the open air. It is said that the climate of the island is moderated by a warm current which sets in from the Queensland coast. Whatever the cause may be, it is certain that the temperature is several degrees higher than it is at Invercargill. Very little snow falls on the lowlands of the island, and when it does, it soon disappears, and the frosts are neither numerous nor severe. Though they may not be strictly applicable to it in every particular, Stewart Island doubtless makes many of those who visit it think of the lines in which Tennyson describes “the island-valley of Avilion,”
It is at least one of the loveliest and most romantic portions of one of the loveliest and most romantic countries in God's world. May hundreds yearly visit it for centuries to enjoy its beauty, and never to the end of time may a human hand do anything to lessen its loveliness.
, which was incorporated in 1893, when its first council was elected, embraces the entire island, and adjacent islets, and is divided into two ridings, known as North and South. The North Riding includes Half Moon Bay, with the townships of Oban, Peterson, Anglem, part of Mason district as far south as Mount Rukeahuai, and Ruapaki Island. The South Riding embraces the rest of the island, including the Pegasus and Lord's River districts. Each riding returns three members to the County Council. In 1903 the total capital rateable value of the North Riding was £11,408, and that of the South Riding, £5,824. The Island consists mostly of Crown lands, which are not rateable. A general rate of 3/4 d in the pound, and a Hospital and Charitable Aid rate of 1/4d are levied. The total revenue on general accounts, exclusive of certain special Government grants, for the year ending March, 1903, was £139. There are sixty to seventy miles of roads and tracks in the island, chiefly tracks; only about
, who has held a seat on the Stewart County Council since 1901, was born in 1852, in Norway, where he resided for twenty-five years before his arrival in the colony. Mr Hansen took a master mariner's certificate in 1888, and for three years had charge of the s.s. “Napier,” trading between Invercargill, Dunedin and Riverton. In 1894 he settled at Port Adventure, and five years later removed to Half Moon Bay, where he engaged in fishing and boat building, and in 1899 became the proprietor of Oban House. Mr Hansen was married, in 1867, to Miss Johnson, of Norway, and has three sons and four daughters.
, who was elected to the Stewart Island County Council in 1902, was born at Leask's Bay, Stewart Island, in 1848, and brought up to a country life. He went to the West Coast diggings in 1865, and shortly afterwards engaged in the oyster and fishing business in Southland. He has also been engaged in sawmilling at Patterson's Inlet, and in sheepfarming. Mr Bragg now resides at Bragg's Bay, where he owns twenty-nine and a-half acres of land. He was married, in 1875, to a daughter of the late Mr John Owen, and has had seven sons and three daughters, but all his daughters have died.
, who has represented the South Riding in Stewart Island County Council since 1903, was born in Schleswig-Holstein, Germany, in 1870. He was educated in his native place, and went to sea in 1885, and landed at Port Chalmers from the ship “Orpheus” in 1888. He settled at Half Moon Bay in 1889, and has since been connected with the fishing and boat-building industries. For some time he was engaged in storekeeping, but sold out in 1903. Mr Jensen accompanied Professor Black, of Otago University, on a prospecting expedition to Pegasus, where they were successful in finding what is believed to be payable tin. Mr Jensen owns the quarter of an acre of land on which his residence stands. He is a member of the local Presbyterian church committee. Mr Jensen was married, in 1893, to a daughter of the late Mr Thomas Leask, of Half Moon Bay, and has two sons and two daughters.
, who was for several years a member of the Stewart Island County Council, was born in 1833, in Shetland, went to sea at the age of fourteen, and ultimately became a master mariner. Mr Scollay came to New Zealand in the ship “Queen of Perth,” with saw-milling machinery for Stewart Island. Three years later he went into the coasting trade, and ran his own schooner on the New Zealand coast till 1899. Mr Scollay obtained a grant of twenty acres adjoining the township of Oban, and erected his present residence on the property. He is a member of the committee of the Presbyterian church. Mr Scollay is engaged in the fishing industry, and is the owner of the steam launch “Sunbeam,” which he built. The “Sunbeam,” which is worked by a five and a-half-horse power oil engine, is licensed to carry passengers, and runs regular excursions to the various bays during the season. Mr Scollay was married, in 1857, to a daughter of Mr John Read, of Poole, Dorset, England, and has had seven daughters and three sons, of whom two sons are dead.
embraces the entire island. The church, which is prettily situated on a quarter-acre site on the hill in Oban township, is built of wood and iron, and has seating accommodation for 120 persons. Services are held regularly at Half Moon Bay and at the Neck. The Sunday school has an attendance of twelve children, who are in charge of two teachers. The vicarage is a wooden building, beautifully situated on a glebe of fifty-two acres.
, M.A., Vicar in charge of the Anglican church at Stewart Island, was born in 1850 in Aberdeenshire, Scotland, and educated in Belgium and at Berlin University, where he graduated in 1887. Mr Jamieson entered the ministry of the Presbyterian church, and officiated in Glasgow for fifteen years.
In 1898 he arrived in Dunedin by the s.s. “Ruahine,” and was appointed minister at Akaroa, where he was in charge till his resignation in 1901, when he entered the ministry of the Church of England. Mr Jamieson was married, in Aberdeenshire, at Christmas time, 1874, to a daughter of Mr David Horn, of Huntly, and has three sons and three daughters.
is built of wood and iron, stands on a quarter-acre section in Ayr Street, and was erected in 1896. The business of the court is conducted by three justices. During the year 1903 there were no charges of drunkenness before the court—a testimony to the sobriety of the district.
includes the whole island and islets adjacent to it. It is controlled from the chief office at Invercargill, and was constituted in 1889. The courthouse serves as the police station, and there is a lock-up at the back.
, Constable in charge of the Stewart Island police sub-district, and Clerk of the Magistrate's Court, was born in 1858, in County Down, Ireland, and
brought up to a country life. Mr Irwin arrived at the Bluff in 1875, by the ship “Pomerania,” and has been a resident of Half Moon Bay since 1900. The section of a quarter-acre in Argyle Street, with its beautiful garden and orchard, on which Mr Irwin's house stands, was originally bush-covered swamp, and was brought
, Carpenter, Half Moon Bay. Mr Ramsay was born in 1878 in the Shetland Isles, and learned the trade of a carpenter in Liverpool, England. He spent two years and a-half in Melbourne, and in 1890 came to the Bluff, where he worked at his trade. In 1892 he removed to Stewart Island, where he has since resided.
, Half-Moon Bay, Stewart Island. Mr Graves is the only son of Captain George Graves. He was born in 1872, in Tasmania, and was married in his native country, in 1897, to Miss Wilson, of Victoria.
(James Robertson Thomson, proprietor), Half Moon Bay. This well-known accommodation house is a wood and iron building, charmingly situated on an elevated position overlooking the magnificent bay. It has recently been doubled in size, and contains a drawing-room, dining and smoking-rooms, and a large number of bedrooms capable of accommodating fifty visitors. Though high, the site is remarkably sheltered, and a magnificent view is obtained from the verandah. There are about twenty-three acres attached to the premises, with gardens, lawns and flower-beds. Mr Thomson farms 408 acres of land, which he holds with a right to purchase, besides ninety-four acres of reserve. Milk, butter and eggs are raised on the estate. Mr Thomson was the first to provide accommodation for visitors to Stewart Island, and has enlarged the premises from time to time as required.
, Proprietor of Greenvale House, was born in the Shetland Islands in October, 1848, and was brought up to farming and fishing. He landed at Port Chalmers in December, 1873, from the ship, “Jessie Readman,” and since 1876 has been associated with Stewart Island, where he made his home, purchased land, and engaged in farming, fishing and mining. When in 1886 the licensed house in the island was given up, Mr Thomson opened Greenvale House as a boarding house. He was prominently associated with the discovery of gold and tin at Pegasus; and to this further reference is made in the description of Stewart Island on another page. Mr Thomson was married, in 1871, to a daughter of the late Mr Mitchell Peterson, of Shetland, and has two sons and five daughters.
(Christian Hansen, proprietor), Half Moon Bay. Oban House, the most prominent building at Half Moon Bay, is a two-storey structure situated close to the jetty. It was enlarged in 1899 to almost double its original size, and has accommodation for from sixty to seventy guests. The dining-room is a very fine apartment, capable of seating sixty people. There are twenty-two double bedrooms and several single ones. The proprietor also keeps a general store on the ground floor. Captain Hansen is the owner of the cutter “Ganet,” twenty-one tons, carrying an auxiliary oil engine. The “Ganet” makes trips to the beauty spots of the island.
(Mrs J. B. Ramsay, proprietress), Half Moon Bay. This private boarding-house was established in 1900. It is a wooden building of two stories, and commands a magnificent view. There are eight bedrooms, a bathroom, a dining-room and a kitchen on the ground floor; and upstairs, nine rooms, including two sitting-rooms. There is comfortable accommodation for twenty-three guests, and the catering is good. The proprietress, who is a daughter of Mr J. Goodall, the founder of Oban House, was born at Caversham, Dunedin, and has resided in Stewart Island since 1884. Mrs Ramsay was married, in 1900, to Mr John Budge Ramsay, carpenter, of Half Moon Bay, and has three daughters.
, Ironmonger, Fancy Goods Dealer, and Shoemaker, Half Moon Bay. This business was established in 1903, and the store, which is the first met with on landing at the jetty, contains a well-assorted stock. Mr Bowers, who is a son of
the late Mr Stephen Bowers, was born in 1870, at Invercargill. In 1872 he removed to Stewart Island, where, in 1879, he established a branch for Mr P. C. M. Anderson, of Bluff; he conducted
, Storekeeper, Half Moon Bay. This business was established by the late Mr James Harrold, and has been conducted by the present proprietor since 1902. Mr Harrold was born in 1868, at Half Moon Bay, and was educated there and at the Taieri. He assisted his father in the store, and also engaged in boat-building until becoming proprietor of the store in 1902.
, Farmer and Fish Buyer, Half Moon Bay. Mr Plesant was born, in 1856, in Essex, England, where he was educated. He went to sea for some years, and came to Lyttelton by the ship “Hydaspes.” After living on Bank's Peninsula and at the Chatham Islands, he was appointed representative of the Bluff Oyster Company at Lyttelton, in 1892, and was afterwards engaged in running the ketches “Aparima” and “Rosetta” to the Bluff and Stewart Island. In 1898 Mr Plesant settled at Stewart Island, and represented merchants engaged in the fish trade. He is a very large buyer of fish, which is cleaned and packed in cases ready for the freezer, and shipped to the Bluff. Mr Plesant occupies a well-fenced cattle run of 295 acres, held under right of purchase.
, who settled at Stewart Island about the year 1860, was born, in 1818, in the Orkney Islands. He went to sea as a youth, before coming out and settling at Half Moon Bay, where he received a grant of five acres of land. Mr Harrold kept a boarding-house for a time, and engaged in boat building, and he also owned a vessel which he ran between the Bluff and Australia. For a number of years before his death, he conducted the store, which is now owned by his son.
, who arrived in New Zealand in 1850, was born in Essex, England, in 1827, and was brought up to the trade of a carpenter. Mr Bowers died in April, 1903, and his widow still resides at the Bluff.
is five miles from Invercargill on the Seaward Bush line of railway, and is partly in the electorates of Awarua and Invercargill, partly in the borough of South Invercargill and partly in the Awarua riding of the county of Southland. Its population was not separately enumerated at the census of 1901. There is a considerable number of small farms in the district, which has been largely cleared of its original bush; but of a number of sawmills, only two now (1904) remain in operation. Tisbury has brick and tile works, a bacon-curing establishment, and a public school, with 140 names on its roll. A post office and telephone bureau are conducted at the local store, and mails are received and despatched daily.
, Storekeeper, Tisbury. Mr Middleton was born at Llanbister, Radnorshire, Wales, in 1816, and was brought up to farming and milling. He came to Port Chalmers by the ship “Lord Worsley,” in 1858, and walked overland to Invercargill, which at the time consisted of fourteen huts. He bought a pair of bullocks—the first team in Invercargill—and worked at hauling timber and general carrying work for some years. He then bought 213 acres of land and engaged in farming. However, owing to heavy losses, consequent on an accident, he gave up farming in 1889, and resided for some years in Invercargill. Afterwards he and his wife lived in a tent at Tisbury. On returning to their temporary abode one evening, after paying a visit to town, they were shocked at finding it totally destroyed by fire; a disaster peculiarly distressing, inasmuch as valuable securities were consumed. Mr Middleton then finally settled down at Tisbury, having built a house and shop, where he now resides, and keeps a small store. In 1891 Mr Middleton was appointed postmaster. Mr Middleton was married, in 1884, to a daughter of Mr Proudman, of Kingsland, Hereford, England; the children of the marriage all died young. Having become a widower, he married Miss Fraser, in 1892. Although eighty-eight years of age, Mr Middleton still works on his twenty-acre farm, and can read the finest print.
, who was manager of the bacon supply branch of the Invercargill Dairy Supply Company at Tisbury, was born at Milton, and educated at Waitahuna, where his father was a farmer. In 1887 he re moved to Edendale with his father, and, in 1894, after spending some years on a station in the Lake district, he went on to Mr Tothill's farm at Titiroa, Pine Rush. Mr Smellie learned his business there, and, on the establishment of the Tisbury branch of the Invercargill Dairy Supply Company's business, in October, 1900, he was placed in charge. The branch was closed towards the end of 1904, when the Invercargill Dairy Supply Company went into liquidation, and ceased to exist.
, Farmer, Tisbury. Mr Nicol was born in Dunedin, in 1857, and entered the telegraph service at an early age. He afterwards followed farm work for many years, and worked in Victoria for a year for Messrs D. Munro and Co., contractors. About 1891 Mr Nicol became manager of one of the New Zealand Pine Company's timber yards, and now manages the timber yard at Mr Wallis' sawmill at Hedgehope. He, however, resides on his farm of 100 acres in the Tisbury district. Mr Nicol has been a member of the Tisbury school committee for some time. Many years ago he was accustomed to run with some success at the Oamaru sports. Mr Nicol was married, in 1882, to a daughter of Mr James Henderson, now of Invercargill, and has three sons and five daughters.
is thirteen miles from Invercargill, on the Seaward Bush line of railway. It forms part of the electoral district of Mataura, is in the Waihopai riding of the county of Southland, and had, at the census of 1901, a population of forty-seven, with fifty-two additional at Mokotua Bush. Dairving is the staple industry, and the farms are mostly of fair size. The district is connected by roads with Invercargill and Woodlands, in addition to having the railway line. Mails are received and despatched daily, and there is also a telephone bureau. A portion of the district known as Oteramika Hundred is a very old settlement. The local public school is about two miles from the railway siding, and is known by the name of Oteramika.
, Farmer, “Westfield,” Mokotua. Mr Birss was born, in 1838, at Glenbervie, Scotland, where he was educated and brought up on a farm. He arrived in Tasmania in 1862, and came to Otago on the outbreak of the gold rush in the following year. He worked for the New Zealand and Australian Land Company for a time, before buying his present property of 232 acres of freehold, where he carries on mixed farming. Mr Birss was contracting for a few years, but, finding the farm required all his attention, he gave that up; and, lately, he has devoted much time to dairying. He has been a member of the Oteramika school committee, and also of the local road board. Mr Birss married a daughter of the late Mr W. Shaw, of Oteramika, and has a family of eight sons and two daughters.
, Farmer, Mokotua. Mr Cock was born, in 1835, in the parish of Fintray. Aberdeenshire, Scotland, where he was educated, and brought up on a farm. He farmed on his own account for about twelve years, before coming to Port Chalmers by the ship “Ben Lomond,” in 1863. Shortly after his arrival, Mr Cock bought his present farm of 154 acres, and at that time the only means of access to the ground was along a survey line. Mr Cock has cultivated his land, and now carries on mixed farming. He was a member of the Oteramika Road Board from 1877 to 1881, has served on the local school committee, and has been for many years secretary of the public library.
, Farmer and Firewood Merchant, Mokotua. Mr Collett was born in 1862, at
, Farmer, Mokotua. Mr Henderson was born, in 1847 St. Andrews, Fifeshire, Scotland, where he was educated. He came to Port Chalmers by the ship “Silistria,” in 1868, and for many years worked as a farm labourer in the Dunedin district. Mr Henderson engaged in sawmill work and contracting in Southland for a short time, and about the year 1881 took up his present farm of 233 acres, most of which he has now brought under cultivation. Mr Henderson was married, in 1890, to a daughter of Mr James Henderson, of Oamaru, and has four sons and three daughters.
, Farmer, Mokotua. Mr Kerr was born in Edinburgh, Scotland, in 1846, and accompanied his parents to New Zealand in 1819, in the ship “Mariner,” which landed at Port Chalmers. He went to school at Green Island, and, in 1862, left for Southland with his father, who bought the farm now owned by Mr Kerr. Mr Kerr's father afterwards settled in Invercargill, and let the farm for fourteen years to his son, who bought it at the end of the lease. Mr Kerr was married, in 1869, to a daughter of Mr Warden, of Rimu, and six sons and two daughters were born of this union. In 1902 he took, as his second wife, a daughter of the late Mr Forsyth, of Milton, and there is one daughter by the marriage. During his residence in the district Mr Kerr has closely identified himself with its local institutions, and has been for many years a member of the Oteramika Road Board, and of the school committee. He is session clerk for the district, and was for many years superintendent of the Presbyterian Sunday school. His farm has an area of 450 acres, and is one of the best in the district.
, Farmer, “Woodside,” Mokotua. Mr Lawson was born in the parish of Hoharm, Banffshire, Scotland, in 1836, and was brought up on a farm, and afterwards trained as a mason. He came to Port Chalmers in January, 1863, and for three years followed his trade in Otago. In 1866 he took up his present property of 125 acres near Invercargill, and has drained and enltivated his land. Mr Lawson carries on mixed farming, chiefly dairying, and the milk is sent to the Kapuka Creamery. He is now turning his attention to the breeding of Hereford cattle. He has been a member of the Oteramika Road Board for about fifteen years, and except for three years, has served on the school committee since the school was opened, and is now chairman. Mr Lawson is also on elder of the Presbyterian church. He married a daughter of Mr James Brown, of Echt, Aberdeenshire, Scotland, and has, surviving, a family of six sons and three daughters.
, “Newfield,” Mokotua. Mr Munro was born, in 1841, in Abbey parish, Renfrewshire, Scotland, and came to Port Chalmers, in 1862, by the ship “Lady Egidia.” He spent the first two years after his arrival in farm work and at the Nokomai diggings, and was contracting in Southland for two years before 1866, when he bought “Newfield,” in the Oteramika district. This property consists of 337 acres, and Mr Munro also owns two other farms in the district, now occupied by his sons. Mr Munro served on the Oteramika Road Board for many years, and was for some time a member of the school committee. He was married, in 1867, to the eldest daughter of Mr Alexander Leith, one of the earliest settlers in the Taieri district, and has a family of seven sons and six daughters. Mr Leith arrived at Dunedin by the ship “Mary,” in April, 1849.
is on the Waimahaka or Seaward Bush line of railway. It is fifteen miles from Invercargill, and had a population of
are conducted at the store of Mr Charles Robinson, and daily mails are despatched to, and received from, Invercargill.
. Postmaster and Storekeeper at Kapuka, was born, in 1849, at Saxby, Lincolnshire, England, where he was educated and brought up to farming and flourmilling. Mr Robinson came to Port Chalmers by the ship “Wanganui,” in 1879, and in the following year took up land at Kapuka, where he started his store about the year 1892, when the Seaward Bush line was being put through. He has also been postmaster for the district for eight or nine years. Mr Robinson is a member of the Kapuka school committee. He married a daughter of Mr W. Thompson, of Brigg, Lincoln, and has a family of seven sons and five daughters.
was established in 1900, and possesses machinery of the very latest type. There is a fine six horse-power Tangye's vertical engine.
, Manager of the Kapuka Creamery, was born in 1879, at Wallacetown, and educated there, and at Waianiwa. He worked on his father's farm for about five years, and picked up a knowledge of machinery and engineering at the Winton Meat Preserving Works, where he worked for some time. Mrs Bissett gained certificates for driving stationary engines, and spent a year at sea and a short time at Titiroa, before receiving his present appointment in October, 1903. Mr Bissett has taken a prominent part in running, eycling, and athletics generally, and has won many prizes. He served in the Oreti Rifles for three years, and was sergeant for part of that time.
, Sawmillers, Timpany's Siding, Kapuka. Head office, Invercargill. The Kapuka branch of Messrs Timpany Brothers is situated on the Seaward Bush railway line, sixteen miles from Invercargill. The mill has been established for about seven years, and possesses a complete plant, consisting of a twenty-two horsepower boiler, a thirty horsepower engine, a sawing plant, and two planers.
, who resides in Yarrow Street, Invercargill, is in charge of the mill. He was born, in 1861, in the parish of Coylton, Ayrshire, Scotland, where he was educated. He landed at the Bluff in 1875 and worked at sawmills for some time before joining his brother in 1880, when the present firm—now one of the best known in the timber trade—was constituted. Since that time Mr Timpany has started and managed mills in various parts of Southland. He married a daughter of the late Mr W. Hogan, of Invercargill, and has three sons and three daughters.
, Farmer, and Traction Engine and Threshing Machine Proprietor, Kapuka Mr Drake was born on a station in Victoria on the 16th of September, 1859, and came to New Zealand when about four years of age. He was educated at Invercargill, and afterwards worked on his father's farm in the Kapuka district. In 1880 he took up land and started farming on his own account, and then bought his traction engine and plant. Mr Drake's property consists of 234 acres of open land, in addition to a bush section of eighty seven acres; and he carries on general farming, and does a good deal of draining and threshing. He has been a member of the local school committee for seven consecutive years. Mr Drake married a daughter of Mr Thomas Morton, of Seaward Downs, and has two sons and six daughters.
, “Helenswood,” Kapuka, was born at Comber, County Down, Ireland, in 1833. When fourteen years of age he went to sea as a midshipman on one of the vessels of the firm of Messrs Smith. After being two years at sea, in the course of which two trips were made to India, he went to Scotland for four years, in order to learn farming. In 1855 he came out to New Zealand, and settled in Canterbury for five years, at the end of which he made a flying visit to the Old Country. On his return, in 1862, he settled at One Tree Point, Southland, where he took up 800 acres of land, which he sold in 1877. He then settled in the Oteramika district, where he took up various areas of land, now mostly in the possession of members of his family, who hold about 1,500 acres around Kapuka. Mr Birch made the district his home, and now resides in the handsome homestead at “Helenswood.” His tastes do not lead him in the direction of public life, and his connection with local bodies has been limited to some years of service on the school committee. Mr Birch was married, in 1861, to a daughter of Mr R. Johnston, of Georgetown, British Guiana, and has a family of five sons and five daughters
lies between the township of Woodlands on the Hurunui-Bluff line of railway, and Kapuka on the Seaward Bush railway line. It is purely an agricultural district, and the dairy factories at Woodlands and Kapuka are available for the settlers. The settlement is in the electoral district of Mataura, and in the Waihopai riding of the county of Southland. Its population at the census of 1901 was seventy-nine, and there were also nineteen inhabitants at Waituna Lagoon, which lies near the beach at Toetoes Bay, on the south. Waituna creek takes its rise in the district through which it flows, and passes through the lagoon before it enters into Toetoes Bay. The main road from Invercargill to Fortrose, which branches off from the Woodlands road at One Tree Point, passes through the settlement.
, Farmer, Bonessie Farm, Waituna. Mr Brown is the Owner of a well cultivated farm of 184 acres of good land, which was in its natural state when taken up many years ago. He was born at Inveroy, Inverness, Scotland, in 1843, and was brought up on a farm. In 1862 he landed in Launceston, Tasmania, and after two years spent there, came to New Zealand and worked on a farm in the Invercargill district. On the breaking out of the diggings at Hokitika he went there, but soon returned to Southland, where he worked on farms in the Wallacetown and Oteramika districts, and on Glenure station. He then bought his present farm. Mr Brown married, in 1880, a daughter of Mr James Buchanan, of Gorge Road, and has three sons and three daughters. He has been a member of the local school committee for twenty years and served two or three years on the Oteramika Road Board.
, Farmer and Contractor, Waituna. Mr Ferrier is one of the partners of the enterprising firm of Ferrier Brothers, who have a freehold farm of 265 acres at Waituna, and also own several traction engines, a threshing plant, and a small sawmill plant, with which they carry on a contracting business. Mr Robert Ferrier was born at St. Ninians, Stirlingshire, Scotland, in 1861, and left for New Zealand in 1869. He was for five years on a farm in the Dunedin district, and removed to Southland in 1884, after which he was contracting for two years. In 1886 he began his present business in the Forest Hill district, where he had taken up land. About 1899, Mr Ferrier removed to Waituna, and entered extensively into the traction engine and threshing business, chaff cutting, etc.
, Farmer, Waituna. Mr Perriam has a farm of 315 acres at Waituna, and some distance away another section of eighty-two acres, which he is reserving for timber-cutting. Mr Perriam lives at Invercargill, and the farm is managed by members of the family. He was born at Ottery St. Mary, Devonshire, England, in 1850, and at the age of eighteen left for Cardiff, where he was employed on railway works. In 1873, he left for Rockhampton, Queensland, whence he shortly afterwards removed to Newcastle, New South Wales, where he worked for eighteen months. He then came to New Zealand, and worked in the Christchurch gas works for about six years, leaving in 1882 for Invercargill. He lived for two years on his farm, which he had purchased before leaving Christchurch, and has for the past seventeen years worked in the gasworks of Invercargill. During his residence at Waituna, Mr Perriam served on the school committee for two years. As an Oddfellow, he is a member of the Loyal St. George Lodge, Manchester Unity. He was married, in 1878, to a daughter of the late Mr Thomas Waters, stevedore, of Waterford, Ireland, and has four sons and two daughters.
, Farmer, Waituna Farm, Waituna. Mr Stevenson was born at Donoughmore, County Down, Ireland, in 1849. He sailed for New Zealand, in 1863, by the ship “Edward Thornhill,” and landed at the Bluff in 1864. After being for some time engaged in farm work, he secured a section of forty-two acres in the Seaward Bush district, and still holds it. About 1875 he took up 172 acres a Waituna; the land was then in its natural state, but is now fully improved. Mr Stevenson married, in 1876, a daughter of Mr W. Shaw, of
are the principal industries at
(Nicholas Alexander Niederer, proprietor), Gorge Road. This sawmill, which was erected in 1904 to clear one thousand acres of bush, the property of Mr Niederer, contains a twelve horse-power Marshall engine, with a full sawing plant, and has a capacity of 4000 feet a day. A tramway of one mile and a-half in length, connects the mill with the George Road railway station.
, Proprietor of the Kahikatea sawmill, was born on the 19th of March, 1852, in Switzerland, where he was educated and brought up on his father's land. Mr Niederer landed at Wellington, in 1874, by the ship “Cartvale,” but removed to Stewart, Island, where he managed a sawmill for two years. After travelling as a hawker in Southland for sixteen years, he commenced farming at Gorge Road in 1880, and has now 1,800 acres of land, held under occupation, with right to purchase. He has served for many years as a member of the Gorge Road school committee, of which he has been chairman. Mr Niederer was married, in 1882. to a daughter of the late Mr Hugh Fraser, of Ross-shire, Scotland, and has four sons and three daughters.
(the New Zealand Pine Company, proprietors). Gorge Road. This sawmill, which was established in 1902, and is recognised to be the largest in Southland, is an iron structure, fitted on the most modern lines. It contains two twenty-five horse-power boilers, driving two stationary engines of forty horse-power. The most modern saws, planing and moulding machinery are in use at the mill, and 10,000 feet of timber can be turned out each day. The tramway already extends two miles into the bush, where a splendid block of timber, containing probably a twenty years' supply, is available.
who has been manager of the Oteramika sawmill since 1903, was born in 1863, in Roxburghshire, Scotland, where he was educated, and served a short time in a blacksmith's shop. At the end of 1876, he landed at the Bluff from the ship “Adamant,” was employed for some time at the woodware factory, and for six years subsequently worked at Tisbury. Mr Mcintosh holds a first class certificate as a locomotive engine-driver, a first-class certificate as a stationary engine-driver, and a second-class certificate as a driver of a traction engine. He was married, in 1890, to Miss Knight, of Edinburgh, and has one daughter and three sons.
, Engineer in charge of the Oteramika Gorge sawmills, was born in 1872, at Deloraine, Tasmania, where he was educated, and brought up to the boot trade. After working at his trade for nine years, he was then employed by the Mount Lyell Mining and Railway Company as a fireman, and was afterwards engaged for two years as engine-driver. Subsequently he had charge of the engine of the flour mills at Sheflield, Tasmania. Mr Hope came to the Bluff in May, 1901, and on the first day of the following month joined the Woodlands Meat Preserving Works as driver; about two years later he was appointed to his present position. Mr Hope served for eight years in the East Devor Rifles, Tasmania, and became a colour-sergeant. As an Oddfellow, he joined Royal Rose of Sheffield Lodge, Manchester Unity, passed all the chairs, was afterwards attached to the Past Grand service, and is still connected with the Lodge. He was married, on the 12th of February, 1902, to a daughter of the late Mr J. Waddell, of Woodlands, and has one daughter and one son.
M c C A L L U M, J A M E S, Farmer, “Springburn,” Gorge Road. Mr. McCallum was born in 1841, in Perthshire, Scotland, where he was educated. He came to Port Chalmers by the ship “Silistria,” in 1861. Mr McCallum worked in the Mataura district for some years, and about 1867 acquired possession of the area known as Springburn farm, which comprises 300 acres of partly open and partly bush land, where he raises horses, sheep, cattle and crops. Mr McCuallum, who has another farm of 477 acres in the district, has frequently taken prizes at exhibitions of stock, and is a member of the Agricultural and Pastoral Society. He has been a member of the Gorge Road school committee, from its inception. Mr McCallum was married, in 1878, to a daughter of Mr Archibald Sellars, of Oteramika district, and has had four sons and six daughters; his eldest daughter is dead.
is a picturesque district in the electorate of Mataura and in the Toetoes riding of the county of Southland. The
, Settler, Pine Bush. Mr Carswell was born in 1837, in Buteshire, Scotland. He was educated at Port Bannatyne, and was brought up to a country life. In 1867 he arrived at Port Chalmers, by the ship “William Davie,” and after residing for a year at Taieri Plains, settled in the Pine Bush district, where he worked for a time with his brother, Mr Hugh Carswell, and ultimately became a teacher under the Southland Education Board. For eleven years, Mr Carswell was in charge of the Pine Bush school. In 1892 he took a trip to Scotland, returning early in the following year, and has since been associated with the Pine Bush district. He has been a member of the school committee, and is an elder of the Presbyterian church.
, Farmer, Spud Bush, Pine Bush. Mr Dunlop was born, in 1844, at Fenwick, Ayrshire, Scotland, where he was educated, and brought up to farming. He came out to Queensland, in 1862, and two years later landed at Port Chalmers. After working on the goldfields at Hamilton, Hogburn, and Hindon, Mr Dunlop removed to Southland in 1864, and three years later settled at Pine Bush. In 1874 he bought 111 acres of land, part of his present farm, and afterwards increased his holding to 300 acres. Mr Dunlop has been a member of the Pine Bush school committee from its inception, and was for about four years a member of the Toi Toi Road Board. He was married, in 1874, to a daughter of the late Mr John Anderson, of Hawke's Bay, and has six sons and four daughters surviving. One of his sons was a member of the Seventh Contingent to South Africa, and lost his life at the Bothasberg fight. Mrs Dunlop was born in Dune din in 1847, and is said to have been the second European child in Otago. Her father, who arrived in Port Chalmers by the ship “Bernicia,” was a stationholder in the Wyndham district for many years, and one of the pioneer pastoralists of Otago.
Farmer, Titiroa Farm, Pine Bush. Mr Gilkison's property consists of 550 acres of freehold land, and is worked as a mixed farm. Mr Gilkison is the second son of Mr P. T. Gilkison, of Invercargill, where he was born in 1879. He was educated in Invercargill, and was brought up to farming, Mr Gilkison acquired Titiroa Farm in 1902.
, Farmer, Pine Bush. Mr Golden was born in 1838, in Ireland, where he was brought up to farming. In 1857 he landed in Victoria, and, four years later, came to New Zealand, intending to go to the Gabriel's Gully goldfield. He changed his mind, however, and remained in Southland, where he entered the service of a runholder. For about six years Mr Golden had a mill contract in the district, between Mataura and Waimahaka, and in 1870 he acquired the first portion of his freehold at Pine Bush. Mr Golden is a member of the Tci Toi Road Board, was for a time a member of the Fortrose Licensing Committee, and is a member of the committee of the Pine Bush school. He was married, in 1870, to a daughter of the late Mr John McLean, of Loch Lomond, and has two sons and eight daughters.
(Hugh Carswell, owner), Pine Bush. This property consists of 1,200 acres of freehold, and 150 of leasehold, land. Grain, sheep and cattle are raised on the estate. The stud Shorthorn cattle and Border Leicester sheep have been frequent prizewinners at shows in the South Island
, who has been Manager of the Pine Bush estate since 1901, was born in July, 1855, in Kincardineshire, Scotland, where he was brought up as a shepherd. He came to Port Chalmers by the ship “Timaru,” in 1879. After being storekeeper on Morton Mains station for two years, he removed to the Wairarapa, where he was for seven years head shepherd on Bowland's station. On returning to Southland, in 1893, he became head shepherd on Morton Mains for four years, and afterwards managed a farm for Mr Fairweather at One Tree Point, for six years. He was then head shepherd on Clifton estate for two years. Mr Welsh is owner of a dairy farm at Gorge Road, and is a member of Pine Bush and Morton Mains school committee. He was judge of Romney Marsh sheep at the Dunedin Agricultural and Pastoral show of 1903, and a judge at Invercargill show, and at the Gore show, in 1901. Mr Welsh was married, in 1893, to a daughter of the late Mr Peter Stewart, farmer, Gorge Road, and has two sons and two daughters.
has become known as a settlement since the opening of the extension of the Seaward Bush railway to that place in 1900. The township has a store and an accommodation house, two blacksmiths shops a wheelwright's shop, and a public school, which is attended by twenty-eight scholars. Services are held every Sunday in the schoolhouse, morning or evening, by Anglican and Presbyterian ministers alternately. The station, which is the terminus of the line, is a combined railway station, telephone bureau and post office, and is twenty-six miles from Invercargill. The township is on the Waimahaka stream, which empties itself, west of the township of Fortrose, into Toetoes harbour. The settlement is in the Toetoes riding of the county of Southland, and in the electorate of Mataura, and at the census of 1901 had a population of seventy-seven. A dairy factory in the immediate neighbourhood is known as the Toi Toi factory. A coach service connects Fortrose with all trains at Waimahaka, the distance between the places being six miles by a good road. The Waimahaka estate, a splendid property extending as far as Titiroa, three miles distant, has been occupied since the early seventies Waimahaka township is completely surrounded by hills, and is entirely hid from any sea views. The population is scattered, but closer settlement will doubtless considerably increase the number of residents in the near future. Since the opening of the railway line, goods, which formally were shipped from Fortrose by sea, are now put on board the trucks at the station, to which the produce of the settlers and numerous flaxmills, for a distance of forty-five miles around, is periodically brought, and so sent into the market.
who has been ganger of the Waimahaka Gorge Road section of the New Zealand railways since 1899, was born in 1858, in Tasmania and was brought to Southland by his parents when he was two years old. He was brought up in Southland, and entered the railway service, in the ways and works department, at Invercargill, in 1882. Eighteen months later he was transferred to the permanent way department; afterwards he became a surfaceman, and was promoted to his present position in August, 1899. Mr Shepherd was married in 1884, to a daughter of the late Mr John Dooley, of King's County, Ireland, and has three daughters and two sons
(George Carlaw and Ernest Lienert), Farriers, Blacksmiths, and Coachbuilders, Waimahaka. Messrs Carlaw and Lienert's premises, which include a wood and iron shop, with residence at the back, stand on an area of freehold land. Waggons, drays, and buggies are built by the firm.
, Senior Partner of the firm, was born in 1850 in Ayrshire, Scotland, and was educated in Glasgow. In 1865 he arrived in South Australia, where he learned the coachbuilding trade, and was afterwards in business with his father at Shea Oak Log for seven years. Mr Carlaw was subsequently in business on his own account for ten years at York's Peninsula, and then removed to Broken Hill, where he was employed as a blacksmith by the Proprietary Company for six years. In 1893 he came to Invercargill and was employed for two years by the Engineering and Implement Company. He was afterwards engaged in mining at Preservation Inlet for five years, whence he went to Dunedin, and was employed for eighteen months by Mr Joseph Sparrow. Mr Carlaw then settled in Waimahaka, and established his present business in conjunction with Mr E. Lienert. In 1875 he was married to a daughter of the late Mr Conrad Linert, of Shea Oak Log, and has six sons and one daughter.
(George Francis Watson, proprietor), Waimahaka. This property comprised 1,200 acres originally, and has been worked chiefly as a grazing run. Up to 1904, 600 acres of the property had been sold for closer settlement. The homestead is situated on a hill, and commands a beautiful view.
, Proprietor of Erne Hill Estate. was born in 1858, in Invercargill, and was educated at Christ's College, Christchurch. He was engaged in mercantile pursuits in Invercargill for some years, and purchased Erne Hill on the 1st of January, 1900. Mr Watson was married, in October, 1901, to a a daughter of the late Mr Neil Ferguson, of Invercargill.
(James Holms, proprietor), Waimahaka. This fine property consists of 1,600 acres of freehold land adjoining the railway line between Waimahaka and Titiroa. The estate, which was taken up in the seventies, is noted for its fine herd of Hereford cattle, of which part of the original stock came from the wellknown breeders, Messrs W. and A. McLean. Auckland. It is a registered herd, and great care has been taken in its breeding for thirty years. There is also a registered flock of Romney Marsh sheep, bred from imported stock. Sheep and cattle from the estate have repeatedly taken prizes at the Southland and Dunedin shows.
, Proprietor of the Waimahaka Estate, was born in Renfrewshire, Scotland, where he was educated, and brought up to farming. He came out to Port Chalmers, in 1863, by the ship “City of Dunedin,” and for eighteen years was manager of the Mount Benger and Teviot stations for Messrs Cargill and Anderson. Mr Holms bought the Waimahaka estate, in 1873, and took up his residence there in 1879. He was for a long time a member and director of the Southland Agricultural and Pastoral Association, and was president in 1903. He is chairman of the Pine Bush Presbyterian church, and of the school committee. Mr Holms was married, in 1863, to a daughter of the late Mr Alexander Scott, Knocknair Hill farm, Renfrewshire, Scotland, and has two sons and two daughters.
was originally an old whaling station, and so, naturally, it became in the early days a port for the surrounding district; but since the opening of the railway line to Waimahaka, six miles distant, it has become mainly dependent upon road and railway for its communication with other places. The Mataura river empties itself into Toetoes harbour, a short distance to the westward of the township of Fortrose, and the Waimahaka rivet also enters the harbour about midway between Mataura and the township. In the early days boats ran from Fortrose to Dunedin and the Bluff, and a wharf was constructed for the convenience of settlers and traders. The township and surrounding district are in the Toetoes riding of the county of Southland, and in the electoral district of Mataura. At the census of 1901 there was a population of 131 in the township, with eighty-six other residents in the neighbourhood. The flax industry flourishes in the district, and there are six mills within fifteen miles of the township. Fortrose has a store, a butcher's shop, a boot-and-shoemaker's shop, a blacksmith's shop and a private hotel; the hotel had a license up to the 30th of June, 1903, when prohibition came into force. It has, also, an Anglican and a Presbyterian church, a public hall and a public school. At one time the Bank of New Zealand had a branch at Fortrose, but it was closed in 1900. Formerly Fortrose had three hotels, but two of them were destroyed by fire. Very good agricultural and pastoral country surrounds Fortrose, and in the summer season the township is a popular resort with tourists and visitors. Very fine ocean views are obtainable from many points of the road in the neighbourhood. There is a telephone bureau at the local post office.
was opened in 1884. The business was originally conducted in Mr Elliot's store, and was afterwards removed to the present building which is of wood and iron, and contains a public office and a residence for the postmistress. There are fourteen private letter boxes, and mails are received and despatched daily. It is the principal post office for the surrounding district, extending over twenty miles, and there are sub-offices at Tokonui Gorge, Quarry Hills, Waikawa Valley, Niagara, Waikawa, Chaslands, Otara and Haldene.
, Postmistress in charge at Fortrose, was born and educated in Dunedin. She was married, in November, 1891, to Mr Walter T. Marryatt, who was seventeen years in the telegraph service, and had been stationed in Dunedin for twelve years. Mr Marryatt died in November, 1900, leaving two sons and one daughter. After six months' experience at Wereroa post office, near Wellington, Mrs Marryatt was appointed postmistress at Fortrose in September, 1902.
, which was founded in 1876, occupies an elevated position on a fine site of ten acres on the main road from Fortrose to Tokonui and Waikawa. The building is of wood and iron, and contains two class rooms, with accommodation for a hundred children. In 1903, the number on the roll stood at 50, and the average attendance was forty-six. The playgroung has a shelter-shed, and there is a school residence of five rooms.
, who has been headmaster of the Fortrose public school since 1889, was born at Wetherstones, Tuapeka, in 1864. He was educated at the public school at Wetherstones, and at the Lawrence District High School, and, after being a pupil teacher at Ryal Bush for four years, had charge of the Slopedown school for a year and eight months. Mr Millard was subsequently sole teacher at Charlton for three years before being appointed to his present position, in 1889. He served as a volunteer in the K Battery, Invercargill, and, in 1901, he joined the Murihiku Mounted Rifles at Wyndham as a trooper, became quartermaster-sergeant, and was promoted to the rank of lieutenant in 1903. Mr Millard was married, in 1888, to a daughter of the late Mr Edward Wilson, of Invercargill, and has four sons.
was established in 1879, and the annual sports are held on New Year's Day, at the Fortrose Recreation Ground. The gathering is very popular, and, in 1904, about £30 was distributed in prize money. The officers for 1904 are Messrs R. A. Elliot (president), and K. G. McKenzie (secretary and treasurer), who are supported by a strong committee.
, Secretary and Treasurer of the Fortrose Caledonian Society, is the son of Mr Kenneth George McKenzie, an old settler, who died in 1901. He was born, in 1872, at Fortrose, where he was educated, and brought up on his father's farm. On the death of his father he inherited the Green Bush Farm, a property of 1,000 acres of freehold and 200 acres of leasehold, which had been brought into a good state of cultivation during his father's lifetime. Mr McKenzie is a member of the Fortrose school committee. He was married, in 1900, to a daughter of Mr James Clark, of Nightcaps, and has one son and two daughters.
(Charles James Humphries, proprietor), Fortrose. This hotel, which was established in 1881, is a two-storey wood and iron building, with a verandah and balcony, and contains thirteen bedrooms, four sitting-rooms, a billiard-room, and a dining-room. The stables comprise six stalls and three loose boxes, and adjoin a paddock of eleven acres. The hotel is close to the jetty, and provides comfortable accommodation for visitors. It has been conducted by the present proprietor since 1901.
, the Proprietor, was born in 1866, at Riverton. He was educated partly at Riverton, and partly at Mataura, and resided at Mataura and Pine Bush for some time, before settling in the Fortrose district. As a Freemason, Mr Humphries is connected with Lodge Victoria, Irish Constitution, Invercargill. He is a director of the Fortrose Caledonian Society, and of the Racing Club. Mr Humphries was married, in 1897, to a daughter of Mr William Newson, of Wellington, and has three sons.
and J., (Hugh Chisholm and John Chisholm), Blacksmiths, Wheelwrights, Fortrose; branch at Waimahaka. This business was established in 1879, and is conducted in a wood and iron building, which stands on a section of three-quarters of an acre. The departments include a blacksmith's shop, and coachbuilding and paint shops.
and Mr Hugh Chisholm were born in the parish of Kirk Hill, Inverness-shire, Scotland, where they were brought up as blacksmiths. They came out to Port Chalmers, in 1875, by the ship “Auckland,” were employed for a time in Central Otago, and worked on the first bridge erected over the Molyneux river at Roxburgh. They acquired their present business in 1879. The Messrs Chisholm are members of the Fortrose school committee, of which Mr H. Chisholm has been chairman since 1902, and they are also members of the Fortrose Domain Board. In 1883 Messrs Chisholm sent home to Scotland for their father and mother, who sailed in the ship “Wild Deer,” but were shipwrecked in the Irish Channel. They ultimately arrived in New Zealand by the ship “Caroline,” and died in 1891. Mr H. Chisholm was married, in 1887, to a daughter of Mr Robert Blair, of Otara, and has three sons and three daughters. Mr John Chisholm married a daughter of the late Mr John Riddle, of Fortrose, and has two sons and five daughters.
, Butcher, Baker and Farmer, Fortrose. Mr Anderson was born, in 1846, in County Derry, Ireland, where he was brought up to an outdoor life. He arrived in Melbourne in 1861, and after working on the Sandhurst diggings for fifteen months, left forIor the Shotover gold-fields, Otago. Mr Anderson afterwards resided for twelve years in the Waipori district, and then removed to Lawrence, where he entered into partnership with Mr Alexander Sutherland, and carried on business under the style of Anderson and Sutherland. Two years later he sold out to his partner, and after being employed in cattle driving and mustering for two years, he settled at Wyndham as a cattle dealer. Mr Anderson established his butchery business at Fortrose in 1882, and a year later added the bakery department. In 1884 he bought a farm of fifty acres of suburban land, and has since acquired a hundred acres held under leasehold in perpetuity. His original premises having been burned down. Mr Anderson built his shop and office on his own freehold in January, 1902. His residence is situated on the hill overlooking the township. As a volunteer, Mr Anderson served in the Southland Hussars for about four years. For over twenty years he was a member of the Fortrose school committee, and, in 1900, was appointed to the Fortrose Domain Board. He has been a Justice of the Peace since 1902, and is a churchwarden of the Fortrose Anglican church. Mr Anderson was married, in 1889, to Miss Cruickshank, of Forfarshire, Scotland, and has, surviving, three sons and two daughters.
(Walter Springford, manager), Fortrose. This store is owned by Mr R. A. Elliot, who has, also, a fine farm in the district. The store is one of the principal buildings in Fortrose. It was built in 1892, and consists of a double-fronted shop, with ample storage at the back.
, who has been manager of Mr R. A. Elliot's store at Fortrose since 1903, was born, in 1845, at Oathill, Somersetshire, England, where he was educated. He learned the grocery business at Plymouth, and in 1863 came out to Port Chalmers by the ship
, Farmer and Storekeeper, Fortrose. As a farmer, Mr Elliot owns 1,100 acres, chiefly grazing land, lying between the Mataura and Titiroa rivers, which he has farmed since 1895. Mr Elliot was born, in 1839, in Canada, where he was brought up as a carpenter. He arrived in Auckland, in 1867, by the ship “Mary Shepherd,” was employed for about a year in the building trade at Mangawai, and, after working for two years at the Thames, left in 1871 for the Shotover diggings. He was engaged for a time in the erection of the Shotover bridge, and removed in 1874 to Wyndham, where he resided for some years. Mr. Elliot then started a line of coaches between Edendale and Fortrose, which he ran for four years, and afterwards opened a store at Fortrose, and a blacksmith's and a wheelwright's shop at Wyndham. He subsequently sold his Wyndham business, and has since confined himself to the Fortrose district. Mr Elliot has been president of the Fortrose Caledonian Society since 1901, has served on the school committee, is one of the trustees of the Fortrose Cemetery, and a member of the committee of the Presbyterian church. He was married, in 1876, to Miss Stirling, of Perthshire, Scotland.
, Farmer, “Maple Bush,” Fortrose. Mr Hutton's property consists of 558 acres of freehold land, adjoining the township of Fortrose. The land, which is fully improved, is devoted to mixed farming, but principally to the rearing of fat stock, and a special feature is made of the breeding of Herefords. Mr Hutton was born in 1856, at Saline, West Fife, near Dunfermline. Scotland, was educated at the Saline parish school and at Dollar Academy, and was brought up to farming. He arrived at Port Chalmers, in 1877, by the ship “Marlborough,” and was employed for four years as book-keeper and overseer at Dome station, Southland. He then removed to Waipahi station, where he was employed for some time. In 1883 Mr Hutton took a trip to Scotland, and on his return in March, of the following year, resided in Dunedin. He afterwards took charge of Moa Flat station for a few weeks, and was employed on the estate altogether about two years. In 1882 Mr Hutton acquired Maple bush estate at Fortrose, where he has effected large improvements, including the planting of trees, and the erection of the farm-steading and homestead. Mr Hutton served for two years in the Clackmannanshire Rifles, Scotland. He is a member of the Fortrose school committee. Mr Hutton was married, in 1894, to a daughter of Mr James Holms, of Waimahaka estate, and has one son and one daughter.
, Farmer, Fortrose. Mr McIntosh was born in 1835, in Aberdeenshire, Scotland, where he was brought up to country life. He arrived at Auckland, in 1866, by the ship, “Pegasus,” and settled at Edendale, Southland, where he was employed in engine-driving for eighteen months. He afterwards became mail coach driver for Mr Duncan Campbell, and was employed, later on, at the meat-preserving works at Woodlands. In 1873 Mr McIntosh took up 200 acres of land at Fortrose, and has since increased his holding to 472 acres. He was a member of the Fortrose school committee for twenty-five years, and retired in 1902. Mr McIntosh was married, in 1869, to a daughter of the late Mr Archibald Lauder, of Fortrose, and has seven sons and three daughters.
(James Hart, John, and Robert Smith), Farmers, Flag Hill, Fortrose. Messrs Smith Brothers' property at Flag Hill consists of 200 acres of freehold, which, togther with another property of 162 acres, known as Jack's Hill, is devoted to mixed farming. Messrs Smith Brothers are successful breeders of Clydesdale draught horses, and are the owners of the entire horse, “Lord of Aynsley.” For twenty-one years they had a traction engine and threshing mill, which they worked in the Fortrose district till 1903, when they disposed of the plant.
, Senior Partner of the firm of Smith Brothers, was born in June, 1858, on board the ship “Three Bells,” during her voyage to Port Chalmers. He was educated in Invercargill, and was brought up in Southland, where he commenced farming in 1883.
, Of the firm of Smith Brother, was born in 1860, in Invercargill, and was brought up to farming in the Fortrose district. He was for many years a member of the Order of Oddfellows.
, Of the firm of Smith Brothers, was born in 1864, in Invercargill, and was brought up to farming. Mr Smith has taken twenty championship prizes at ploughing competitions, and claims to be the first to take a championship prize
, sometime of “Rosebank,” Fortrose, was born at sea in 1843, and was brought up in Tasmania, where he was educated by his mother, who was a teacher. In 1863 he arrived in Invercargill, and became a shepherd at Morton Mains. He settled in the Fortrose district, in 1872, and acquired 200 acres of land on the deferred payment system; and the property is now known as “Rosebank. Mr Gregory was a member of the Fortrose cemetery committee, and was also chairman of the school committee. He was married, in 1865, to a daughter of the late Mr Archibald Wilson Lauder, an old settler, who brought a saw-milling plant out to New Zealand. Mr Gregory was killed in a trap accident in 1888, and left a family of eight sons and eight daughters, of whom one son and one daughter have since died. Mrs Gregory, who, since her husband's death, has farmed the land with the assistance of her family, has twenty-four grandchildren.
is a settlement which is within about two miles and a-half of the scene of the wreck of the s.s. “Tararua,” part of which is still (1904) seen at low tide, though the wreck happened on the 29th of April, 1881. People began to settle in the district two years after the date of the wreck, in connection with which 130 lives were lost. Otara is eight miles from Fortrose, six miles from the Haldane settlement, and fourteen miles from Waikawa. There has been a post office in the district since 1883, and mails are carried by a mailman on horseback each Wednesday, and by a butcher's cart on Saturdays. The local school was opened in 1887, and is now (1904) attended by twenty children. Anglican and Presbyterian church services are held in the schoolhouse on alternate Sundays. A cheese factory, which was established by the settlers, was carried on for some time, but ultimately sold, and was still in operation in 1904. The land is undulating in character, excellent in quality, and well suited to agriculture and dairy farming. At the census of 1901 the population was 135. The district is in the Titiroa riding of the county of Southland, and in the electorate of Mataura. Magnificent views of land and sea are obtainable from many points, as the traveller journeys to and from the settlement.
was established about the year 1889, and was for some years worked on the co-operative principle. The factory is a large wood and iron building, occupying a site of four acres. The curing room has storage capacity for twenty tons of cheese, and the cheese vat will contain 500 gallons of milk. In the season of 1904 there were nine suppliers, and from 330 to 400 gallons of milk were treated daily. The machinery is driven by a stationary engine and boiler of six horse-power.
, Manager of the Otara Cheese Factory, was born in 1883 at Winton. He was educated at Woodlands, where he worked at the dairy factory for two seasons and a-half. Afterwards he was employed at the Edendale Factory; and, having qualified as a cheese-making expert, became manager of the Dipton Factory in February, 1903, and took up his present position in October of the same year.
, Farmer, Otara. Mr Jennings was born in 1847 in Cork, Ireland, where he was brought up to farming. In 1875 he arrived at the bluff by the ship “Pomona,” and two years later took up 200 acres of land on the deferred payment system at Otara. He has since increased his holding to over 800 acres of freehold, the whole of which he has greatly improved. Mr Jennings devotes himself chiefly to the raising of crossbred stock. He has been a director of the Otara Co-operative Cheese Factory, and is a member of the Otara school committee. He was married, in 1875, to a daughter of Mr John Grey, of County Leitrim, Ireland, and has four sons and two daughters.
occupies a picturesque valley, and the hills on both sides
was established on the 29th of November, 1897. The building, which is of wood and iron, occupies a site of about an acre of land, and includes making, curing and engine-rooms. The machinery is driven by an engine and boiler of six-horsepower. Cheese is made daily during eight months of the year, and the large cheese vat has a capacity of 550 gallons. The curing room will store five tons of cheese. There were eight suppliers in the season of 1904, when the output of the factory was about fifteen tons. Mr B. Paddon is chairman of directors of the company.
, Manager of the Tokonui Cheese Factory, was born in Dublin, Ireland, in 1880. He arrived in Otago with his parents in 1884, was educated at Faieri, and took employment at the Otara Cheese Factory in 1899. He subsequently worked at the Aparima Factory, Riverton, and at the Mokoreta Factory before being appointed to his present position in 1903. Mr Taylor was a member of the Riverton Cycling Club, and was at one time connected with the Good Templars.
, Farmer, “Viewforth,” Tokonui. Mr Paddon was born in 1841, at Plymouth. England, where he was educated. When a youth, he went to sea, and afterwards served in India during the Mutiny. He arrived at Port Chalmers by the ship “Andrew,” in 1862, and for some years was engaged in goldmining at Nokomai, Switzers, and Orepuki. In 1879 Mr Paddon removed to Fortrose, and two years later bought 150 acres of land at Tokonui. To this he has since added 320 acres, and he also owns sixty-six acres elsewhere. While in Switzers, Mr Paddon was a member of the school committee. He was one of the founders of the Tokonui Co-operative Cheese Factory, of which he is chairman. As an Oddfellow, Mr Paddon joined the Loyal Mount Wendon Lodge at Switzers. He has been twice married; his first wife, who was a daughter of the late Mr William Edge, of Switzers, and to whom he was married in 1864, died in 1884, leaving two sons and three daughters. His second wife, whom he married in 1891, is a daughter of Mr A. D. Martin, of Dunedin, and has borne him one son.
is in the Awarua riding of the county of Southland and in the electoral district of Awarua. The district lies to the south of West Plains and the Waikiwi stream, a tributary of the Oreti river, which flows through the district and enters the estuary near the mouth of the New River harbour. Otatara may be approached by Bay Road from Invercargill, or by boat from the Invercargill jetty. It is a district of small farms, mostly carved out of the bush, and the soil, though somewhat sandy, is very fertile. The entire district is more or less surrounded by water, and patches and clumps of bush on the farms give variety and beauty to the landscape. The district public school, which is attended by fifty children, is eight miles from Invercargill. It is the domicile of the local post office, and mails are received and despatched on Tuesdays and Fridays every week. Otatara had a population of 251 persons at the census of 1901.
, Farmer, Otatara. Mr Acker, who has a farm of 115 acres, is a son of Mr Lewis Acker, who settled at the Bluff about 1835; it was he who named the New River, and he was for some years pilot at New River Heads. Mr Walter Acker was born in 1864, across the New River, and was brought up on a farm, and afterwards worked for seven or eight years at his father's sawmill. After this he worked for about seven years at various sawmills in Southland. He then returned to the farm, which he now holds, and has ever since remained in the district. Mr Acker is a member of the Otatara school committee. He was married, in 1893, to a daughter of Mr D. Hogan, of Makarewa, and has three sons and two daughters.
is on both sides of the main road to Makarewa, and is three miles from Invercargill, with which it is connected by the Invercargill and suburban tram line. The district is in the Awarua riding of the county of Southland, and is also in the electorate of Awarua. Its population at the census of 1901 was 152 in the township, and 431 in the neighbourhood. There is also a river district named Waikiwi, which was constituted in 1903 for the control of the Waikiwi stream and its watershed. Waikiwi has several stores, butchers' and bootmakers' shops, and formerly had an hotel, which was closed in 1903, in consequence of the local option poll in 1902. There are several brick and tile works, and also a tannery in the district, and the Invercargill abattoirs are alongside the railway line. The flag railway station at Waikiwi is on the Invercargill-Kingston line, and stands at an elevation of sixteen feet above sea level. Waikiwi
, Blacksmith, Coachbuilder and Agricultural Implement Maker, North Road, Waikiwi. Mr Gardiner's business was established in 1898. The premises include a smith's shop, with two forges, coachbuilding and paint shops; and six men are usually employed. Mr Gardiner was born, in 1875, in Scotland, and was brought to Port Chalmers as a child by his parents, by the ship “Wild Deer.” He served for four years in the Southland Mounted Rifles As a Forester, he is connected with Court Star of the Forest, Woodlands. Mr Gardiner was married, in 1902, to a daughter of Mr Robert Walker, of Woodlands, and has one son.
(Christian, Henry, John Peter, and Frederick Myers) Brickmakers, Waikiwi. Messrs Myers and Sons' business was established by the senior partner, Mr C. Myers, in 1863. The land consists of fifty-five acres of freehold, the whole of which is clay-bearing, and though it has been worked for many years, not more than three acres have been exhausted. The machinery consists of an eight horse-power steam engine and boiler with pugmill, and brickmaking machines. There is a large permanent Hoffman kiln, and the output is 70,000 bricks a week.
, Founder of the firm of C. Myers and sons, was born in Germany in 1828. He came out to Victoria about 1850, and was in the brickmaking trade there for twelve years. Mr Myers came to Southland under engagement to make the bricks required in the erection of the Invercargill gaol and hospital. He was married, in 1859, to Miss Taylor, of Victoria, but his wife died in June, 1901, leaving five sons and two daughters. Three of the sons are partners in the firm.
, Brick Manufacturer, Waikiwi. This business was established, in 1874, by the present proprietor, who owns seventeen acres of land, containing excellent clay. The bricks are made by hand, and there is a large down-draught kiln, capable of treating 35,000 bricks. The annual output is from 300,000 to 500,000 bricks. Mr Myers was born in Han-over, Germany, and came to New Zealand, via Melbourne, in 1866. After learning the brickmaking trade with his uncle, at Waikiwi, he commenced business on his own account, and now finds a ready market for all the bricks he can turn out. Mr Myers has been connected with the Waikiwi Lodge of Druids since 1882. He was married, on the 2nd of August, 1877, to a daughter of the late Mr John Fotheringham, of Alloa, Scotland, and has one daughter.
(Thomas Todd, John Cumming Todd, Robert Wright Todd, and Thomas Todd, junior), Brick and Tile Manufacturers, Waikiwi. Messrs Thomas Todd and Sons' business was established in 1879, at One Tree Point, near Woodlands, and was removed to Waikiwi in 1891. The property consists of forty-five acres of land, and there is a large brick-drying shed, besides two kilns for tiles and pipes, and two brick kilns. Twelve men are employed at the works. The firm supplies the borough of Invercargill with drain pipes, and produces a very large number of pipes for agricultural purposes.
, the Founder of the firm, was born on the 28th of August, 1823, in Ayrshire, Scotland, where he was brought up to the tile-making business from the age of thirteen. He afterwards became manager of the Marquis of Bute's tileworks, and then worked for a time in Dumfries-shire. Later on, he emigrated to Canada, where he was employed on the railways for five years, and also worked for a time at the limestone quarries, near Victoria Bridge. Having returned to Scotland, he again worked at tile-making, until he left for New Zealand. Mr Todd arrived at Port Chalmers by the ship “Amelia Mitchell.” He was employed, by Mr J. H. Lambert, in Dunedin, for some years, and removed to Southland in 1878. Mr Todd was a member of the Oteramika Road Board for eleven years and of the One Tree Point school committee for ten years. He was married, in 1849, to a daughter of the late Mr Robert Wright, of Rothesay, and has seven sons, five daughters, and twenty-two grandchildren.
, Farmer, Waikiwi. Mr Horman was born in 1864 at Waikiwi, where he was educated and brought up to farming. In 1894 he took up 288 acres of freehold land, and in 1902 purchased “The Firs,” a freehold, of 124 acres, on which he erected a pretty homestead and suitable outbuildings, but afterwards sold the property. Mr Horman is still engaged in farming. Six years ago he owned the thoroughbred mare, “Lady of the Lake,” for which he received a second prize at the Invercargill show. He was married, in February, 1903, to a daughter of Mr Philip Uren, of Lawrence.
, Farmer, “The Retreat,” Waikiwi. Mr McNeece's property consists of 117 acres of freehold land, which is all cleared, except ten acres of beautiful native bush. It is worked as a dairy farm and orchard, and there is a magnificent lot of well-grown fruit trees. Mr McNeece was born in 1855, in Belfast, Ireland, where he was brought up as a gardener. He landed at Lyttelton, in 1877, by the ship “Wiltshire,” and went to Temuka as gardener to Mr J. Hayhurst, and was afterwards employed in a similar capacity by Mr Postlethwaite, of Geraldine. Mr McNeece subsequently removed to Invercargill, and was employed as gardener by the late Mr Alexander McNab, for seven years. In 1893 he was appointed storeman for Messrs J. H Kirk and Co., and is still in their employment. Mr McNeece purchased “The Retreat” in 1899. He has served for four years as a member of the North Invercargill Borough Councill; and as a Forester, he is connected with Court Star of the South. He was married, in 1883, to Miss Finn, of County Clare, Ireland, and has three sons and one daughter.
, Farmer and Cattle Dealer, Waikiwi. Mr Price was born at Lachlead, Gloucestershire, England, in 1854, and arrived in Melbourne, with his parents, in the following year. The family came to Invercargill by the schooner “Pilot,” in 1863, and Mr Price saw a good deal of Southland—particularly of the Myross Bush and Otautau districts—with his father, who successfully worked at carpentering, farming, and hotelkeeping. Mr Price started sheep and cattle dealing at Waikiwi, in 1875, and for about five years was buying for Messrs Nelson Brothers, of the Ocean Beach Works. He now owns a fine farm of 800 acres in the New River and Makarewa district, and fifteen acres, containing his home, on the Waikiwi road. Mr Price was married, in 1870, to a daughter of Mr H. Norris, and has a family of six sons and six daughters.
, Farmer, “Inglewood,” Waikiwi. Mr Rankin owns from 200 to 300 acres, and has long been well known in Southland as a successful breeder of Ayrshire cattle. He has bred Ayrshire stock since the early sixties, been an importer of prize cattle, and exhibited stock at the first show held at Invercargill. Mr Rankin was born, in 1833, at Moffat, Dumfriesshire, Scotland, where he was brought up to farming. He arrived at Port Chalmers by the ship “Strathallan” in 1857, and settled in Southland in 1859, when he took a farm on the Bluff road. In 1863 he purchased his first land in the neighbourhood of Waikiwi. This land was almost entirely covered with bush, but has long since been brought into a high state of cultivation. Mr Rankin served for some time on the Waikiwi school committee, and has been a member of the committee of the Southland Agricultural and Pastoral Society for many years He was married, in 1861, to a daughter of the late Mr John Bain, and has, surviving, a family of four sons and two daughters.
, the pioneer settler of Waikiwi, was born in Germany, where he was brought up to farming. He arrived in Lyttelton by the ship “Glentanner,” in 1857, but removed to Southland in 1858, and in the following year became the first settler in the Waikiwi district, where he took up 228 acres of heavy bush land. Mr Horman has been a member of the Waikiwi school committee. He was married, in 1858, to Miss Gohl, of Germany, but his wife died in 1895, leaving a family of ten sons and three daughters, of whom two daughters have died.
, who now resides at Waikiwi, was born in 1839, in Kircudbrightshire, Scotland, where he was brought up to farming. He arrived in Victoria, in 1856, and came to Oamaru in 1860 by the ship “Armin.” After residing for some years in Otago and Southland, Mr Swhan engaged in farming at Mataura, for about twelve months, when he bought a share in the Mokoia estate at Hawera, Taranaki. He subsequently, however, sold his interest in the estate, and returned to Southland, where he was for five years manager for Mr W. A. Tolmie's trustees, at Waipahi. He afterwards held the position of supervisor of the Southland properties of the Scottish and New Zealand Investment Company for eleven years, before settling at Waikiwi in 1898. Mr Swhan was married, in 1875, to a daughter of the late Mr Alexander Carmichael, of Argyle, Scotland, and has three sons and three daughters.
, which is in the Awarua riding of the county of Southland, and in the electoral district of Awarua, had a population of 346 at the census of 1901. The district is devoted chiefly to dairy farming, and the majority of the settlers are freeholders. West Plains has a public hall, which was erected in 1901, and a school which dates from 1880. There is an average attendance of seventy children at the school, at which the business of the local post office and telephone bureau is conducted; and there is a daily mail. A local creamery is kept busily employed in the service of the district. There is no local church, and the Presbyterian and Roman Catholic churches at Waikiwi serve the purposes at the settlers. The West Plains district extends from the Invercargill-Kingston line of railway to the New River estuary, and the main road through the district has been completed to within a mile of that river. A considerable area of the land has been cleared, but there still remains much bush to be cut down. The railway station at West Plains is a flag and tablet signal station five miles from Invercargill, and stands at an elevation of eighteen feet above the level of the sea.
was opened in 1900. The building, which stands on a section of ten acres, is of wood and iron, with concrete floors, and is constructed on the most modern principles. The machinery is driven by a four horse-power engine, and a six horse-power boiler, and there is an Alpha de Laval separator capable of treating 440 gallons of milk an hour. In the spring of 1893 there were twenty-one suppliers, and 550 gallons were put through the establishment daily. The skim milk is utilised to feed about 120 pigs, for which styes have been erected at some distance from the creamery.
, Manager of the West Plains Creamery, was born in the West Plains district, in 1877, and brought up to a country life. He was appointed to his present position in June, 1903. As a volunteer, he served for eighteen months in the City Guards, and as a Druid, he is attached to Acorn Lodge.
(Thomas Daniel Kingsland and James Anderson), Tanners and Fellmongers, West Plains Siding, West Plains. Messrs Kingsland and Anderson's tannery was established in 1875 by J. Kingsland and Company, who conducted the business till 1886, when the present company was formed. The premises, which comprise numerous buildings of wood and iron, stand on a site of sixty-seven acres of freehold, through which the Waikiwi stream flows. There are numerous buildings, the chief of which are the machinery shed, the wool-storing shed, scouring and pulling sheds. The machinery shed contains an eight horse-power steam engine, wool wringing and drying machines, a bone mill digester and a wool press. The tannery contains thirty tan and soak and lime pits, a steam engine of five horse-power, drums, lathes, and rolling, glazing, softening, and leather-splitting, shaving, and fluffing machinery. There are three docks for soaking sheepshins, and three pumps are used for raising water and liquids as required. From thirty to forty men are employed at the works. The
, the Senior Partner, was born in Victoria, in 1862, was brought to Southland as an infant, and has been connected with the tannery business from the age of fifteen. Mr Kingsland has acted as chairman and secretary of the Waikiwi school committee, and is a member of the Waikiwi River Board. He joined the volunteers in 1874, and served twenty-one years altogether—in the Artillery Cadets, the G Battery and the Oreti Rifles. He was for sometime chairman of the Southland Cricket Association, for thirty years a member of the Invercargill Cricket Club, and is a member of the North End Bowling Club. Mr Kingsland was married, in 1887, to a daughter of Mr John C. Wild, of Invercargill, and has two sons and two daughters.
, Of Kingsland Brothers and Anderson, is the son of a very old colonist, and was born in Dunedin, where he was brought up as a currier. He entered the employment of Messrs J. Kingsland and Co., and ultimately became a partner in the firm. Mr Anderson has been chairman of the Waikiwi school committee, of which he is still a member. He was married, in 1891, to a daughter of Mr George Mackie, sawmiller, Invercargill, and has two sons and two daughters.
(William Cawthorne, proprietor), West Plains. Mr Cawthorne's fellmongery and boiling-down establishment at West Plains, is near the railway siding. This large and up-to-date business has been expanded from an older establishment on the Waikiwi road. The main building, which measures 60 feet by 42 feet, is used for working the skins, drying the wool, and putting it in bales, etc. The engine room and washing shed combined is 60 feet by 20 feet. A large centrifugal pump supplies all the water for washing the wool, for use in the pits, and for many other purposes. The pelt shed is 30 feet by 14 feet, and there is a wool-drying shed, 95 feet by 40 feet, with four floors. In the boiling-down department, the fat and digester shed measures 24 feet by 20 feet; the boiler and engine shed is 20 feet by 16 feet; and the bone shed, 30 feet by 24 feet. This shed is used for grinding bones for manure. The business office at the works is fourteen feet by ten feet. The power used on the premises for doing the whole of the work is twenty-horse. There is a stable for four horses.
, the Proprietor, was born in Hull, Yorkshire, England, in 1842, and educated in South Lincolnshire. His father was a soap and candle maker, at which trade Mr Cawthorne served four years. When eighteen years of age, he emigrated to Victoria, and landed at Williamstown in July, 1859. Not being able to get work at his trade for some years, he had to take whatever employment came his way. Mr Cawthorne came to New Zealand in 1874, and worked for twelve months for Mr W. A. Tomlie, of Waiwera. Then he moved to Clinton, and commenced business in the boot trade. Two years later he went to Waipahi,
, Farmer, “The Grange,” West Plains. Mr Fowler was born, in 1862, in Edinburgh, Scotland, and was brought by his parents to the Bluff in the ship “Helenslea” in the following year. His father, Mr John Fowler, was a pioneer settler in the West Plains district, where he acquired 200 acres of land, now known as “The Grange,” which was then covered with bush, with the exception of thirty acres. This property, which is now fully cultivated, was taken over by Mr Fowler in 1902. Mr Fowler is a member of the Waikiwi River Board, and of the West Plains school committee, of which he has been secretary almost continuously since 1902. He was married in 1902.
, Farmer and Mill Owner, West Plains. Mr Moore was born in 1862, in Invercargill, where he was educated. He was brought up on his father's farm, and has always been interested in agricultural machinery. Mr Moore is the owner of a complete threshing mill plant, including portable engines and three chaffcutters, which are kept in constant work in the district. He owns 145 acres of land at West Plains, and eighty acres at Grove Bush, and has a pretty cottage at Half Moon Bay, Stewart Island, but resides on the main north road, near Wallacetown Crossing, on a section of two acres. As a volunteer. Mr Moore served for a time in the Invercarginll Rifles. He was married, in 1881, to a daughter of the late Mr Henry White, of Wales.
is an important agricultural and pastoral district in the electorate of Awarua and in the Wallacetown riding of the county of Southland. The township is eight miles by road from Invercargill, and thirteen miles from Riverton, with which it is connected by the main road. Winton, which is only thirteen miles from Wallacetown, is reached through the settlement of Ryal Bnsh. Wallacetown occupies a very fine site on the terrace between the Makarewa river and the Tomoporahau creek, into both sides of which there is good natural drainage. The land in the surrounding districts is in the possession of large farmers, whose freeholds range from 500 to 1,000 acres. There is also a working-men's settlement known as Wallacetown Extension, which was subdivided in 1897 into sections, averaging from five acres to ten acres. Agriculture and dairying are the chief local industries. The extensive milk-preserving works, known as Underwood, are about two miles and a-half from the township, towards the Wallacetown railway station, and give employment to a number of persons. The settlement has had a Presbyterian church for about thirty years. The original church building is now (1904) a public hall, and a new church and manse were erected in 1891. Wallacetown has also a public school, a hotel, a store, a blacksmith's shop, and a considerable number of dwellings. The population of the township at the census of 1901 was 160, in addition to thirty-seven in the neighbourhood, fifty-two on the Wallacetown road, and nineteen at Wallacetown junction; the two latter places are in the Awarua riding of the county of Southland. Wallacetown district is well served by railway stations. The one known as Wallacetown, on the Invercargill-Kingston line, is three miles from the township and five miles from Invercargill, and stands at an elevation of forty-five feet above the level of the sea. That at Ryal Bush is three miles beyond Wallacetown, on the same section of railway, and ten miles from Invercargill, and is ninety-two feet above the sea level. Wallacetown is also connected with Invercargill by a line of coaches. One of the ridings of the county of Southland is named Wallacetown, and has a population of 1,486.
were established by the Government in the early seventies, and were taken over by the Southland Acclimatisation Society in 1883. The hatcheries occupy five acres of land, rich in natural springs. Wood and iron sheds, with properly constructed boxes for hatching and rearing the young fish, have been erected. Clear fresh water flows through these boxes,
, Curator of the Southland Fish Hatcheries, was born in Southland in 1867, and has been associated with acclimatisation work from his youth. He was employed at the Southland hatcheries under Mr H. Howard, and afterwards under Mr A. M. Campbell, and was appointed curator in 1901. He is attached to the Pioneer Lodge of Oddfellows. Mr Brass was married, in 1894, to a daughter of the late Mr Alexander Gray, of Wallacetown.
. The Post Office was established in 1873, and the Telephone Bureau on the 1st of February, 1890; There is a daily mail in and out, and the business is conducted at the Wallacetown store.
, Postmaster at Wallacetown, was born in Dumfries-shire, Scotland, in 1852, and accompanied his father, the late Mr James Grieve, to Port Chalmers by the ship “Strathmore,” in 1857. Mr Grieve was a pupil at the first school opened in Dunedin, and also at the first school in Invercargill, and completed his primary education at the Invercargill Grammar School, then known as McDonald's. He was brought up to storekeeping, having assisted his father in Invercargill, and has been proprietor of the Wallacetown store since 1883, when his father retired. On removing to Wallacetown, Mr Grieve took up 157 acres of swamp land at Waianiwa. This proved to be a very rich little farm, as high as 123 bushels of oats to the acre having been threshed from it. Mr Grieve has also a flock of Shropshire sheep, and is always an exhibitor and prizetaker at the Invercargill show. When the frozen meat industry was in its infancy, the Agricultural and Pastoral Association offered a silver cup for the best pen of wethers suitable for the frozen meat trade, and this medal was won by Mr Grieve with his Down crosses. He also sent Home in the first small consignment of frozen mutton from Southland, twenty-five Down carcases; since that time he has been quite an enthusiast in producing freezers, and has taken prizes at Invercargill, Dunedin and elsewhere. Mr Grieve's time is now fully occupied by his business at Wallacetown, but his sons are proving quite as good judges of Shropshires as himself, and carry on the business. In 1903 they sent twenty two-tooth ewes to South Africa, to the order of Mr Saunders, who is starting a pure flock in that country; and their latest additions to the flock consist of one ram and five ewes, which were prize-takers at the Christchurch show of 1901. These sheep were bought from a well-known breeder; namely, Mr Rupert Parry, of Salisbury, near Timaru, South Canterbury. Mr Grieve has been secretary and treasurer of the Wallacetown Presbyterian church for over twenty years, and was for a number of years chairman of the Waianiwa school committee. He was married, in 1878, to a daughter of the late Mr John Morton, of Oatlands, Wallacetown, and has five sons and four daughters.
. The original school was opened in a buildiug erected by the settlers in 1870, who maintained it at their own cost, until the Southland Board of Education took the school under its control in 1877. The old building has lately been replaced by a handsome new school house, containing a very commodious classroom. The number of scholars on the roll is forty-five, with an average attendance of forty.
(El certificate). Headmaster of Wallacetown Public School, is a son of Colonel Maean, late of the East India Company's service, and was born in Barrackpore, Bengal Presidency, in 1848, and educated at Wellington College. Berkshire, England. Mr. Macan resided in Ceylon for a short time, but returned to Scotland, and, in 1868, sailed for Dunedin by the ship “City of Dunedin.” He passed the Civil Service Examination, and afterwards joined the service of the Otago Board of Education as master of the Glenore school, near Milton, where he remained three years, and was transferred to Kakanui. Mr. Macan resigned this appointment, and joined the Bank of New Zealand, in whose service he remained for five years. He then rejoined the Education Board, and became assistant master at Milton District High School, under Mr. James Reid. In 1882, Mr. Macan transferred his services to the Southland Board of Education, and was appointed to his present position. He was married, in 1889, to Agues, third daughter of Mr. Walter Miller, formerly of Roxburgh station, near Milton.
are the property of the Invercargill Saleyards Company, Limited, and were established about the year 1883, on a site of eight acres of land. The yards are very extensive, and have accommodation for 1,000 sheep, 900 cattle and 500 horses, and there are stores and stables, and offices for auctioneers. Fortnightly sales are held, and from 400 to 500 head of cattle, and 2,000 and 2,500 sheep are usually sold. These sales are considered the most important in the district, and the prices realised are recognised as the ruling values for stock in Southland. A siding connects the yards with the railway, and the arrangements for loading and unloading stock are most complete. The company is managed by a Board of directors, and Mr R. F. Cuthbertson is secretary.
, who has been caretaker of the Wallace-town saleyards since 1895, was born on the 13th of March, 1850, at John O'-Groat's, Scotland. He arrived at the Bluff with his parents in the ship “Helenslea” in October, 1803, and transhipped to the steamer “Titania,” which brought the passengers to the Invercargill wharf. Mr Fraser was employed in sawmilling for a period of twenty-seven years, but, having met with an accident at the Makarewa Bush mill, gave up that employment, and was appointed to the position of caretaker of the Wallacetown saleyards. As a volunteer, Mr Fraser served for seven years in the G Battery, and as an Oddfellow, he passed all the chairs in the Shamrock, Rose and Thistle Lodge. He was married, on the 30th of September, 1881, to a daughter of the late Mr Thomas Watson, of Ber-wick-on-Tweed, and has four sons and one daughter.
(W. T. Murray and Co., Limited, proprietors), Wallacetown. These works were established in 1892, by the late Mr Robert Blair, and have been owned by the present company since 1896. There are two boilers, each of forty horse-power nominal, a power engine, and a Linde-British freezing machine. Large quantities of milk are received from the surrounding districts, and the principal portion is preserved in tins. The output for a single year has been as high as 40,000 cases of four dozen each, of which a large proportion is consumed in the colony, and the balance exported. From thirty to thirty-five hundredweight of sugar is used daily in the preserving process, and 100,000 gallons of cold water in condensing. The preserving plant is complete in every respect, and includes tin and box-making machinery, and there is also a butter-making department equipped with all the latest appliances. From fifty to sixty persons are employed at the works.
(Henry Huggard Powell, Proprietor), Wallacetown. This hotel was erected in 1860, and was purchased by Mr Powell in 1873, when it was thoroughly renovated. It is a two-storey wood and iron building, containing six bedrooms, four sitting-rooms, and two dining-rooms. The diningrooms have accommodation for forty guests. There is a good stable with six stalls and two loose boxes, and there are forty acres of land adjoining the hotel.
, Proprietor of the Wallacetown Hotel, was born on the 2nd of December, 1837, at Castle Island, near Killarney, County Kerry, Ireland. He came to Queensland, in 1864, and landed at the Bluff in the same year. After working for three years and a-half on a station, Mr Powell settled at Wallacetown, and purchased his present hotel, which he has since conducted. Mr Powell was married, in 1864, to a daughter of Mr Thomas Johnston, of County Kerry, Ireland, and has, surviving, one son and three daughters.
(Southland Frozen Meat and Produce Export. Company, Limited, proprietors), Wallacetown. These works were established about 1884, and the buildings, which are of wood, iron and brick, are fitted up with all modern appliances for slaughtering cattle, sheep and pigs, and the manufacture of manure. As many as 1,400 sheep have been killed in a day, and for the year ending the 31st of December, 1903, 140,000 sheep and lambs, and 1,000 head of cattle passed through the works. The tallow and manure departments produced for the same year 780 casks of tallow, and 700 tons of manure. There is also a department for the manufacture of sausage casings, and another for making casks; the sheep skins and hides are treated on owners' account at outside fell-mongeries. There are two twenty horse-power boilers, and a ten horsepower engine employed at the works, and forty men are engaged during the season.
, who has been manager of the Wallacetown Freezing Works since 1899, was born at Alexandra, Scotland, in 1856, and accompanied his parents to Port Chalmers in 1874. He was educated at Temuka, and worked for some years with his grandfather, Mr Boyd Thomson, of Temuka, who was afterwards drowned while fishing in the Rangitata river. Mr Thomson then went to Australia, where he was engaged for a time in mining; but afterwards returned to New Zealand and worked as a slaughterman at Longburn, and later at Wanganui and Tomoana. He then went to Woodville, as head butcher under Messrs Nelson Brothers, was afterwards transferred to Blenheim, and six years later was appointed manager of the Wairau Freezing Company. In 1899, Mr Thomson obtained his present appointment. He served for three years as a volunteer in the Temuka Rifles. Mr Thomson was married, in 1886, to a daughter of the late Mr Thomas Monahan, of Dunedin, and has two sons and one daughter.
, Farmer, Wallacetown. Mr Brown was born in 1839, in Aberdeen, Scotland, and was brought up to farming. He arrived in Melbourne in 1854, and for some years was engaged as a shepherd and bullock-driver in Australia. Mr Brown came to New Zealand in 1862, and worked for a time as a miner on the Gabriel's Gully and Dunstan goldfields. In 1863, he made his home at Wallacetown, and, later on, he went to the Picton “rush.” Mr Brown took up his first land at Wallacetown in 1865, and now has a farm of 160 acres of freehold. He served for many years as a member of the Wallacetown school committee. Mr Brown
, Farmer, “Linwood,” Underwood, Wallacetown. Mr Grant was born on the 16th of January, 1840, in Edinburgh, Scotland, where he was educated. He arrived at Port Chalmers in 1860, by the ship “Pladda,” and, after engaging in gold mining for three years, settled at Roslyn Bush, where he farmed for nine years. He afterwards took up a farm of 362 acres at Grove Bush, on the banks of the Makarewa river, and resided there for twenty-six years. In 1901 he left the management of the farm to his sons, and purchased forty-five acres at Wallacetown, where he has since resided. Mr Grant was a well known breeder of Ayrshire cattle and Clydesdale horses. He made frequent trips to Australia with stock of his own breeding, and other select New Zealand stock. In 1903 he took a hundred head of cattle and horses to South Africa, where he disposed of them satisfactorily. Mr Grant was for many years a director of the Invercargill Agricultural and Pastoral Society. He has been a constant exhibitor of stock, and has taken many prizes and championships, including a championship taken in Sydney in 1901 with a Shorthorn bull. During his residence in the Grove Bush district, Mr Grant was for twenty years a member of the school committee. He was married, in 1864, to a daughter of the late Mr Dougald Currie, of Islay, Scotland. His wife died, in 1885, leaving two sons and five daughters.
, Farmer, Brick House Farm, Wallacetown. Mr Scott was born on the 26th of March, 1853, at Orkney, where he was educated and brought up to farming. He arrived at the Bluff in 1878, by the ship “Marlborough,” and settled at Wallacetown, where he bought thirty-three acres of land. To this he added by degrees, and now owns 250 acres. He has also assisted his eldest son to acquire a farm of 200 acres. As a breeder of Shorthorn cattle, Mr Scott possesses some of the best strains, and his stock has commanded some of the highest prices in the market. Mr Scott has served on the Wallacetown school committee since 1884, and was both chairman and secretary for some years; and he is an elder of the Presbyterian Church. Mr. Scott was married, in 1873, to a daughter of the late Mr Andrew Oliver, of Orkney. His wife died on the 10th of August, 1901, leaving five sons and three daughters.
, Farmer “River View,” Wallacetown. Mr. Stevens was born on the 4th of September, 1863, at Bonhill, Dumbartonshire, Scotland. He arrived in Port Chalmers in 1865, by the ship “Cariboo,” with his father, the late Rev. Andrew Stevens, who was the first Presbyterian minister at Wallacetown. Mr. Stevens was brought up to farming, and has farmed on his own account since 1877. He is now engaged in dairy farming, in connection with which he holds sixty acres of leasehold land, and owns ten acres of freehold in the township, on which he has erected a handsome residence. Mr. Stevens has been a member of the Wallacetown school committee for some years. He married a daughter of Mr Walter Riddle, of Orepuki, and has seven sons and two daughters.
, for many years well known as a farmer in the Wallacetown district, was born in 1844,
at Black Isle, Inverness-shire, Scotland, educated at Killearnin parish
, one of the earliest pioneers of Southland, was born in Roxburghshire, Scotland, in 1834. He was brought up to mercantile life, and served in a large Edinburgh tea house, where he became an expert in the trade. For a time Mr. Grieve was in business at Burnt Island, and came out with his father's family, in 1856, to Port Chalmers, by the ship “Strathmore.” With three of his brothers, Mr. Grieve walked overland to Invercargill, which was then being surveyed, and was almost covered with dense bush. Mr. Grieve bought one of the horses from the first shipment from Sydney, and started a carrying business, conveying goods from the present site of the Bank of New Zealand, on the banks of the Puni creek, in a sledge. He started the first butcher's shop in Invercargill, on the edge of the bush, on the line of what is now Tay Street. After a time he sold out and commenced business as a grocer in a rough slab building, which he called Murihiku store. It stood on the site now occupied by Messrs J. E. Watson and Co.'s fine building in Esk Street. Mr. Grieve continued in that business till early in the seventies, when he removed to Wallacetown, where he carried on business as a storekeeper till 1883, when his son took it up. He resided with his son till his death in 1901. Mr Grieve was a member of the first Town Board of Invercargill. He was married, in 1850, to Miss M. Brown, of Moffat, Dumfriesshire, Scotland, who died in 1895, leaving one son, Mr J. S. Greive, who is referred to on another page as postmaster at Wallacetown.
, who was the first Presbyterian minister in Wallacetown, was born in 1811 in Edinburgh, Scotland, where he studied for the ministry of the Free. Church of Scotland. For some years after his ordination, he had charge of the parish of Bonhill, Dumbartonshire. Mr Stevens afterwards went to Canada, where he was in charge of the church at Paris, in the western district. Having returned to Scotland, he was stationed at West Calder, fifteen miles from Edinburgh, for a few years, and came to Port Chalmers in the ship “Cariboo,” in 1865. He was appointed shortly afterwards to the charge of Wallacetown, where he was engaged in active work for twenty years, but retired about five years before his death, which occurred in January, 1892. Mr Stevens married Miss Campbell, of New Brunswick, who died in 1887, leaving six sons and four daughters, all of whom are living.
is in the electorate of Awarua and in the riding of the same name in the county of Southland. The local post office, which is conducted at a store at the corner where the main north road crosses the roads leading to Dacre and Riverton respectively, is five miles from Invercargill by a good road, four miles of which are traversed by the Invercargill and Suburban Tram Company's line. The cross-roads in question are often spoken of as Wallacetown Crossing. The township of Wallacetown is three miles distant, but the railway station of the same name is quite near, and alongside the railway station are the Wallacetown Junction saleyards, where large stock sales are conducted every alternate Tuesday. There is a hotel alongside the railway station, and the Southland Frozen Meat Company's slaughtering and manure works also adjoin the railway. On the main road, not far from the cross-roads, stands Lorne farm, one of the most notable charitable institutions in Southland. As a district Lorne is devoted to agriculture and dairy farming. The district is fairly level though somewhat undulating, and contains some good agricultural and pastoral land.
is one of the institutions managed by the Southland Hospital and Charitable Aid Board. The establishment was opened on the 29th of June, 1899, as an Old Men's Home, but was enlarged in 1902 by the addition of another wing, to provide accommodation for old women and children. The original building, which was of one storey, contained two bedrooms, and a sitting-room for the men, besides a dining-room, three bathrooms, a storeroom, a kitchen, a scullery, a drying-room and washhouse, and four rooms for the master and matron. The accommodation was sufficient for twenty-three inmates, besides officers and assistants. The new addition is a two-storey brick building, and contains, on the first floor, girls' and boys' bedrooms, each with twenty beds; a female domitory, with six beds; a sick room, with two beds, besides two servants' rooms, and a linen press. On the ground floor there is a nursery, with nine cots, and accommodation for two attendants; separate rooms for the boys and girls; a sewing-room, kitchen and pantry, four bathrooms, the master's office, and the conservatory. There is an asphalt playground with shelter sheds, and other buildings, including an engine-room, pump-house, store-room, chaff-house, carpenter's shop, a loft, and dairy, all in brick. There are also stables, byres, and pigsties. The land, which was originally known as Lorne estate, contains ninety-five acres, five of which are in garden and orchard; the balance is laid down in grass, or is used for cropping as required. In November, 1903, the inmates in the institution numbered sixty-four, including twenty men, three women, twenty-four boys and seventeen girls, the cost of whose maintenance was 4s 10d a head per week. The produce of the farm, besides supplying the requirements of the institution, is a source of revenue to the Board; and the surplus sold during the year which ended in March, 1903, realised £180. The institution is under the care of a master and matron.
, Master of Lorne Farm, was born near Barnsley, England, in 1852. Mr Cusworth started work at the Barnsley iron works at the age of twelve years, and
, Farmer, “Auchtertyre,” Lorne. Mr Finlayson was born at Shoalhaven, New South Wales, and came to New Zealand at an early age with his father. He was educated at Invercargill and Wallacetown, and has farmed on his own account since 1878. In 1903, Mr Finlayson was chairman of the Makarewa branch of the Farmers' Union. He was married, in 1895, to a daughter of the late Mr. Kenneth McKenzie, of Myross Bush, and has five daughters and one son.
, Farmer and Stockdealer, Lorne. Mr Russell farms twenty-five acres of freehold on the North Road, also 100 acres leased from the adjoining estate of his late father; and, in addition to these holdings, he has 300 acres of freehold at Makarewa. He engages in mixed farming, and is well known throughout Southland as a large dealer in stock; and he has recently formed a herd of purebred Shorthorns. Mr Russell was born in 1871, in Invercargill, and educated at Fortrose and Waianiwa. His father, the late Mr. John Russell, was considered the best judge of horses in Southland, and he was himself a noted breeder. The progeny of the horses he imported are well known throughout the Middle Island, and he often acted as a judge at the principal shows, from Invercargill to Christchurch. In 1904, Mr Robert Russell commenced farming on his own account, and four years later bought his land at Makarewa. As a volunteer, Mr Russell served for six years in the Southland Mounted Rifles, and rose, successively, to the ranks of sergeant-major and lieutenant. He is an energetic member of the local Agricultural and Pastoral Association, and has for nine years acted as steward in the roadster classes. Mr Russell has been twice married; in 1893, to Miss Utting, of Waianiwa, who died on the 2nd of October, 1898, leaving two sons and one daughter; and in 1898, to Miss Wilson, of Owaka, who has borne him three daughters.
, One Of The Pioneer Settlers Of The Lorne District, Built His Homestead And Entered Into Occupation Of His Land In 1860. He Was Born, In 1800, At “Auchtertyre,” Ross-Shire, Scotland, But Left Home For The Colonies In 1837. He Sailed For New South Wales In A Small Vessel Of Three Hundred Tons, Which,
district takes its name from a small bridge across a cutting on the Invercargill-Kingston line of railway. The bridge was made to afford communication to Mr William Lind, the first settler in the district, and was appropriately named after him. The district is in the Awarua electorate, and in the riding of the same name in the county of Southland. There is a flag station, which is six miles from Invercargill, and stands sixty-one feet above the level of the sea. Lind's Bridge is an agricultural and pastoral district, and the land slopes down to the Makarewa River Flats. Originally the district was covered with dense bush, much of which has been cut down to admit of the progress of settlement.
, Farmer, Lind's Bridge. Mr Lind was born in Lanarkshire, Scotland, in May, 1833. When a youth, he went to Glasgow, and was employed for a time on the Edinburgh and Glasgow railway, afterwards becoming foreman in the goods department. He arrived at the Bluff on the 3rd of May, 1863, in the ship “Sir William Eyre,” after a voyage of six months, during which thirty-six deaths from typhoid fever occurred on board. After working for some time at sawmilling, Mr Lind went to the West Coast diggings, but returned to Southland in 1871, and took up 194 acres of freehold, about six miles from Invercargill. The land was then all in bush or lowland swamp, but has since been brought into a good state of cultivation, and is now worked chiefly as a dairy farm. Mr Lind is a member of the Makarewa school committee, and has been chairman for many years. He was married, in February, 1871, to the daughter of the late Mr Charles Coster, one of the pioneer settlers of Nelson, and has one son and five daughters.
is six miles from Invercargill, on the main north road. The population consists mostly of small farmers, with from five to seventy acres of freehold, and the place may be considered a working man's settlement. The public school was removed in 1887 from a site at Waikiwi to Makarewa, and in 1904 there were about 100 children in attendance, including scholars from Lorne Farm. There is a Presbyterian church, in which services are held every Sunday, and the Salvation Army visits the district occasionally. The Makarewa Township is in the Awarua riding of the county of Southland, and in the electorate of Awarua. The district may be said to be served by two railway stations, one of which is at Lind's bridge, and the other at the Makarewa Junction, two miles beyond where the forked line for Nightcaps and Waihoaka leaves the Invercargill-Kingston line. The population of the township in 1901 was 370, exclusive of fifteen in the vicinity. Apart from agriculture and dairy farming the district has brick and tile works, which adjoin the railway line. The Makarewa river, which passes through the district, is a remarkably fine stream, with sylvan scenery of a charming kind. In the early days, before the opening up of the roads, the river was used for purposes of transit. There is a post office at the township, and mails are received and despatched on Mondays, Wednesdays and Fridays, by coaches to and from Invercargill.
is conducted at the residence of Mr George Tomlinson. Mails are received, and despatched, on Mondays, Wednesdays and Fridays in each week.
, Postmaster at Makarewa, was born in 1843, in Leicestershire, England. He arrived in Invercargill, in 1874, and shortly afterwards settled at Makarewa Township, where he owns five acres of land, utilised as an orchard and garden. Mr Tomlinson was married, in 1867, to a daughter of the late Mr S. Jackson, of Staffordshire, England, and has eight sons and six daughters.
, Brick and Drain-pipe Manfacturer, Makarewa Township. Mr. Hodgkinson was born at Hanley, Staffordshire, England, in 1847, educated at the district school, apprenticed to the trade of a carpenter, and afterwards worked in his native country as a journeyman. He came to Port Chalmers, in 1863, by the ship “Stornaway,” and started business as a contractor in the Invercargill district, at which occupation he continued for thirteen years. Since then, Mr. Hodgkinson has carried on the business of brick and tile manufacture at Makarewa on a considerable scale, and also owns a sheep farm of 800 acres near Wilson's Crossing, Forest Hill district. He has held office as chairman of the Makarewa school committee on several occasions, and was made a Justice of the Peace in 1894. Mr. Hodgkinson was married, in 1873, to Susannah, daughter of Mr. Thomas Jones, of Hanley, and has two sons and three daughters.
(Alfred Buxton, proprietor), Makarewa Township. These works were established in 1866 by Mr Thomas Buxton, father of the present proprietor. The property comprises six acres of land, and contains excellent clay, The buildings are of wood, and consist of seven sheds, capable of storing 300,000 bricks. There are two kilns, each of which is able to burn 45,000 bricks. A stationary eight horse-power engine drives the brick-making machine. There is a hand brick-press, and also a hand tile-making machine. The output of the works is equal to 600,000 bricks per year, besides a large quantity of tiles, and eight persons are regularly employed. A siding connects the works with the railway. Mr. Thomas Buxton was very fortunate in securing 142 acres of good bush for firewood, which is a very important item in connection with brick and tile manufacture.
, Proprietor of the Makarewa Brick and Tile Works, is the seventh and youngest son of Mr Thomas Buxton, and was born in 1874, at Makarewa, where he was educated, and brought up to the brick and tile-making business. In 1896 he joined his brother as a partner in the business, which was carried on under the name of T. W. and A. Buxton; but in 1903 he acquired his brother's interest, and has since conducted the works on his own account. Mr Buxton is an enthusiastic sportsman, fond of fishing, cycling, and shooting, and is a member of the Invercargill Cycle Club, although, unfortunately, he lost his left arm by an accident at the works in October, 1889.
, Farmer, “Don Keller,” Makarewa Township. Mr Buxton was born in the Makarewa district in 1869, and was brought up as a brick manufacturer. He joined his brother, in 1896, in the firm of T. W. and A. Buxton, but sold out his interest seven years later, in order to take up farming. Mr Buxton farms 244 acres of land. He was married, in June, 1897, to a daughter of Mr James Aitken, of “Strathearn,” South Invercargill, and has two daughters.
has been prominently connected with Southland since his arrival at the Bluff, in 1863, by the ship “Sir George Pollock.” He was born at Hanley, in Staffordshire, England, in 1832. Mr Buxton commenced brick-making in 1863, was the founder of the first brick works at Makarewa, and carried on a steadily-developing business till 1898, when he retired in favour of his sons. Mr Buxton is well known as a writer on local subjects, and has been a prominent fighter in the no-license campaign in Southland. Besides writing on temperance, Mr Buxton has dealt with many phases of social life, and has published criticisms on the Old Age Pension laws of New Zealand.
is in the Wallacetown riding of the county of Southland, and at the census of 1901 there was a population of fourteen. Makarewa lies on the south and south-eastern bank of the Makarewa river; it is in the Awarua electorate, and adjoins the settlement at
, Farmer, “Morfield,” Makarewa. Mr McGregor was born in 1853, in Ross-shire, Scotland, and came to Port Chalmers with his father by the ship “Storm Cloud” in 1861. He was brought up to farming in the Makarewa district, by his father, and in 1874 purchased his present property, which consists of 650 acres of freehold. The land was at that time almost covered with heavy bush, but has since been brought into cultivation, and is now devoted to mixed farming. Mr McGregor was at one time connected with the Shamrock, Rose and Thistle Lodge of Oddfellows.
is in the Wallace-town riding of the county of Southland, and in the electoral district of Awarua. It is a farming district containing good agricultural and pastoral land. The flag station is on the Invercargill-Orepuki branch line of railway, nine miles distant from Invercargill, and stands at an altitude of fifty-five feet above the level of the sea. Branxholme lies to the eastward of the Oreti river. At one time the whole countryside was covered with bush, much of which, however, has disappeared with the progress of settlement.
, Farmer, “Mains of Kilcoy,” near Branxholme railway station. Mr. Gray is the third son of the late Mr. W. Gray, of the parish of Killearnin, Ross-shire, Scotland, where he was born in 1838, and was educated at the parish school, Killearnin. He was afterwards employed on various public works in Scotland, and came to Otago, in 1868, by the ship “E. P. Bouverie,” and found employment with Captain John W. Raymond, then of Avondale station, with whom he remained for some years. Mr. Gray then purchased 100 acres of land and commenced farming, afterwards purchasing more land, so that now his property consists of about 500 acres of good arable soil, where he carries on a system of mixed farming.
is the name of a tablet-signal and flag-station on the Invercargill-Orepuki line of railway. It is eleven miles distant from Invercargill. The district is part of the Wallacetown riding of the county of Southland, and is in the electorate of Awarua. Stock raising, agriculture and flaxmilling are its principal industries. The fertile district of New River Flat is about two miles from the Oporo railway station, by a good road.
is situated on the Invercargill Orepuki line, and was established in 1903. For many years previously it had been a flag station.
, Officer in charge of the Tablet Signal Station, was born at Blueskin, in June, 1877, and was educated in Southland. He joined the railway service at Riverton in 1893, as a platelayer, and has since been stationed successively at Mosgiel, Ranfurly, Waipahi, and Invercargill. He was placed in charge of the tablet signal station at Oporo in September, 1903. Mr Elliott was married, in 1900, to a daughter of the late Mr William Morrison, of Invercargill, and has two daughters.
is a farming district to the north of the Waianiwa and Oporo railway stations, between the Makarewa and Thornbury Junctions. It extends back several miles, and there is still a considerable extent of bush remaining, although a large sawmill has been working for many years. A portion of the district known as New River Plains is on the western bank of the Oreti and New River. The land in that district is specially noted for its rich quality as agricultural and pastoral land. Spar Bush is in the Wallacetown riding of the county of Southland, and in the electorate of Awarua. At the census of 1901 it had a population of 291, to which should be added 188 in the New River district. There is a public hall with a library in the district, and religious services are held there periodically. Spar Bush has had a school since 1884, and in 1904 there was an attendance of thirty-four. The settlers are chiefly freeholders, and some of the farms are 1,000 acres in extent.
(New Zealand Pine Company, proprietors), Spar Bush. This mill has been worked since 1880, but it is expected that the bush will shortly be exhausted, when the plant will probably be removed to some other bush. The machinery consists of a twenty-five horse-power steam engine with necessary boilers, a breaking-down saw, two breast-benches and two planing and two cross-cutting machines. About twenty-five men find regular employment, and 7,000 feet of rough and dressed timber is turned out daily.
, who has been Manager of the Spar Bush mill since 1900, was born at Longbush
, Farmer, “Rosevale,” Spar Bush. Mr Cole was born in 1856, at Launceston, Devonshire, England, where he was educated, and brought up to a country life. He arrived at the Bluff by the ship “Western Monarch,” in 1879, and soon afterwards bought 200 acres of freehold a Spar Bush. The entire property was in its native state of tussock, rushes, scrub and flax swamp, but it has now been brought to a good state of cultivation. Mr Cole was married, in 1884, to a daughter of Mr H. Stroud, of London, and has six sons and four daughters.
, Farmer, “Cloverly,” New River Valley, Spar Bush. Mr Drain was born in Campbelltown, Argyleshire, Scotland, in 1853, was brought up by his father at Crossie-beg Farm, and came to Port Chalmers by the ship “Marlborough.” He was overseer at Benmore Farm, Fernhills, Southland, for eleven years before purchasing his property at Spar Bush in July, 1891. “Cloverly” consists of 732 acres of freehold, and forty acres of leasehold, land, and is worked as a mixed farm. Mr Drain has effected many improvements on his property, and has been successful as a breeder of Clydesdale horses, having taken many prizes at exhibitions held in Southland, and also at Dunedin. Mrs Drain holds her own as a butter maker against all competitors, even the factories, and has taken one hundred prizes, including silver plate, at local shows. Mr Drain was married, in 1879, to a daughter of the late Mr Donald MacMurchy, who was the oldest family tenant of the Duke of Argyll.
, Farmer, “Bon-keid,” New River Valley, Spar Bush. Mr McCrostie was born in Perthshire, Scotland, in 1853, and has always followed a farming life. With his father, the late Mr John McCrostie, who died at Spar Bush in 1877, he landed at the Bluff on Christmas Eve, 1864, by the ship “Donna Anita.” Mr McCrostie has resided at “Bonkeid” most of the time since landing in the colony, and has been well known as a breeder of Border Leicester sheep, having had an interest with Mr Robert Greive in originally - imported stock In 1885 these gentlemen divided their flock, and Mr McCrostie has since continued breeding on his own account. He has imported sheep on several occasions, and has been a regular exhibitor in Southland, and occasionally in Canterbury. For years he has been a director of the Southland Agricultural and Pastoral Society, has also been a director of the Caledonian Society since its inception, and has served on the Spar Bush school committee for over thirty years. Mr McCrostie was married, in 1878, to a daughter of Mr Robert Greive, of Branxholm, and has two sons and three daughters.
, Farmer, Spar Bush. Mr Souter was born in the parish of Rayne, Aberdeenshire, Scotland, in 1833, and was brought up to farming by his father. He arrived at Port Chalmers by the ship “Pladda,” in October, 1861, and for eighteen months worked at Waikouaiti, where he purchased a house and section. Afterwards he bought a team of horses, and was engaged in the Palmerston district in carting coal from Shag Point. In 1882, Mr Souter removed to Springbank, where he resided for six years, before purchasing 200 acres of freehold land at Spar Bush. The land was then in its rough state, without drains and fences, but it has now been brought under cultivation. Mr Souter married a daughter of the late Mr George Deans, of Aberdeenshire, and has one son and one daughter, and ten grandchildren.
, Farmer, Spar Bush. Mr Souter, who is the only son of Mr James Souter, of Spar Bush, was born in Aberdeenshire, Scotland, and was an infant when his parents arrived at Port Chalmers by the ship “Pladda.” He gained his experience of country life in New Zealand, and since 1890 has worked on his father's property at Spar Bush. Mr Souter was married, in 1892, to a daughter of Mr Alexander Kelly, of the North of Ireland, but his wife died in March, 1896, leaving one son and one daughter.
is an agricultural and pastoral district in the electorate of Awarua, and in the Wallacetown riding of the county of Southland. At the census of 1901 the village had a population of 52, its neighbourhood 106, while the village of Argyle, which is also included in the settlement, had a population of eighty persons. Waianiwa is on the Invercargill-Orepuki line of railway, and the flag-station, twelve miles from Invercargill, stands at an elevation of fifty-three feet above sea level. It is surrounded by the districts of Spar Bush, Wallacetown, Wright's Bush, and Oporo. At the local railway station there is a timber-yard, which is supplied from the Spar Bush mills, with which it is connected by a tramway four miles in length. There is a library at the local public hall, where services in connection with the Presbyterian church are held regularly. The local public school is about a mile down the road, towards Wallacetown. The post office and the telephone bureau are conducted at the Waianiwa store, and there are two blacksmiths' shops. Waianiwa is noted as a rich farming district, and the land is gently undulating.
has been conducted at the Waianiwa store since 1888, and a telephone bureau was opened at the same place in 1890. Mails are received, and despatched, daily.
, Postmaster and Telephonist at Waianiwa, was born in 1863, in Manchester, England, where he was educated and brought up to a mercantile life. He came to Port Chalmers by the ship “Dunedin,” in 1880, and afterwards settled in Invercargill. Mr Steans commenced business on his own account as a storekeeper, in 1891. He was chairman of
is said to be the oldest school in Southland. The original building, which now forms part of the teacher's residence, was used in the sixties as a school and residence combined. A school building was afterwards erected at the corner of the crossroads, Lower Waianiwa, and subsequently this building was removed a mile nearer to the township of Waianiwa. The school residence stands at the cross roads, on a site of ten acres, and the new school building stands on an acre of land. The school is a wood and iron building, and contains two classrooms, with accommodation for 100 children. At the end of 1903, there were sixty-five names on the roll, and the average attendance was fifty seven. The teacher in charge is assisted by a mistress.
, Headmaster of Waianiwa Public School, was born at Whitsome, Berwickshire, Scotland, and educated at the Kelso Grammar School. He was also for some time under the well known army tutor, the Rev. George Frost, of Kensington Square, London, and while there had as fellow-pupil, and, indeed, as room-mate, Lord Kitchener. Mr Smith arrived at Port Chalmers by the ship “Star of Tasmania.” in 1867, and for four years followed country pursuits. He entered the service of the Otago Education Board as a teacher at Waihola Gorge (now Milburn) in 1871, was appointed second master of the Oamaru Grammar School in the following year; five years later he became assistant master at the Otago Boys' High School, Dunedin, and held that position for fourteen years. In 1891, Mr Smith gave up teaching, owing to ill health, but resumed his profession in 1896. Mr Smith served for some years as a volunteer in the Oamaru Rifles, in which he held the rank of lieutenant, and was well known as a marksman. As a footballer, he represented Otago in 1877, and was a member of the first Otago team which toured New Zealand. While in Oamaru he was captain of the football and cricket clubs, and in Dunedin was one of the earliest members of the Carlsbrook Club.
, Saddler, Waianiwa. Mr McKay was born in 1866, at Wick, Caithness-shire, Scotland, and was educated at Thurso, where he was apprenticed to the harness-making trade. When he came to New Zealand, in 1863, he engaged in general farm work for some time. He then entered into business as a horse dealer, and was engaged in that line for a few years in various parts of the South Island. Since returning to his trade, Mr McKay has travelled about with a van and two horses, visiting various stations and farms all over Southland.
, General Storekeeper, Waianiwa. Mr Stean's premises consist of a wood and iron building, containing a shop, post office and residence. There are also convenient stables standing on a freehold section, of one acre. Mr Steans is further referred to as the local postmaster.
(New Zealand Pine Company, proprietors), Waianiwa. This yard is connected by tramway with the Spar Bush sawmill, and a large stock of timber is maintained, the surplus being sent away by railway, with which the yard is connected by a siding.
, Manager of the Waianiwa Timber Yard, was born at Hobart, Tasmania, in 1858. He arrived in Southland at the age of five, and was brought up in Invercargill. When twelve years of age, he began to learn the sawmilling trade under his father, Mr William Boyd, of the firm of Boyd and Edwards. This firm afterwards sold the business to the Pine Company, in whose service Mr Boyd has since been regularly employed, except for eighteen months, during which he was engaged in flaxmilling. He was appointed manager of the yards in 1899. As a volunteer, Mr Boyd served for several years in the Invercargill Rifles, and, as an Oddfellow, he is a member of Lodge Pioneer. Mr Boyd was married, in 1879, to a daughter of the late Mr Frederick Mitchell, of Riverton, and has two sons and six daughters.
, Farmer, “Brooklyn,” Waianiwa. Mr Beaven was born in Herefordshire, England, in 1840, educated in Gloucester and Worcester, and was brought up to a country life. He arrived at the Bluff in February, 1863, by the ship “Sir George Pollock,” the first direct ship from London to that port. Within six months after his arrival, Mr Beaven settled in the Spar Bush district, where he leased 364 acres of land, of which he has since acquired the freehold. Five years later he purchased “Brooklyn,” a property of 216 acres of freehold, to which he has since added a further 520 acres. Mr Beaven owns a stud flock of Border Leicester sheep, from the best colonial and imported strains. In 1876, Mr Beaven visited the Old Country, and on his return brought out a bull and two heifers of the Shorthorn breed, with which he laid the foundation of a herd of Shorthorns, which have taken many prizes. For a number of years he was a director of the Southland Agricultural and Pastoral Association, and was one of the early directors of the Southland Frozen Meat Company. Mr Beaven is interested in the temperance movement, and was a member of the Good
, Drummond Farm. Waianiwa. Mr Fraser was born in 1836, in Inverness-shire, Scotland, where he was brought up on his father's farm. He came to Victoria in 1853, and worked for six months on the Fiery Creek diggings. He was afterwards engaged in country pursuits and arrived at the Bluff in March, 1856, with a cargo of sheep from Australia. At that time there were no houses in Invercargill, and Mr Fraser helped to cut the survey lines of the borough. He shortly afterwards acquired fifty acres of land in the Waianiwa district, in which he was one of the first half-dozen settlers. Mr Fraser has since increased his holding to 350 acres, and he also owns 360 acres of freehold at Spar Bush. Mr Fraser was a member of the Southland County Council, as representative for Wallace-town riding, in the early days, and was a member of the Aparima Road Board. He was married, in 1853, to a daughter of the late Mr John McLean, of Ross-shire, Scotland, and has had four sons and six daughters. Two of the sons are dead, and Mrs Fraser died in April, 1898.
, Farmer, Branxholm Park, Oporo. Mr Grieve was born in 1833, near Melrose, Roxburghshire, Southland, and was brought up to country pursuits. He came to Port Chalmers, in 1851, by the ship “Cresswell.” and was one of the early settlers in the Oamaru district, where he was employed as a shepherd for six years. Mr Grieve was the first to take sheep over the Kakanui river, and he placed 1,500 lambs on the Totara country for his employer, Mr Suisted. At that time Mr Grieve was obliged to live for some time in a cave, near the totara tree, after which the district came to be named. He also lived for four years at All Day Bay, which was named by him. In 1857 Mr Grieve came to Southland as pioneer for his father's family, and selected a property, which he named Branxholm, after his native place. He was the first settler in the district, the only communication with which was by boat on the Oreti river, and a track had to be cut through the bush in order to get cattle to his land. Some of the journeys between his property and Invercargill occupied several days, and it was not until he had been two years in the district that surveyors came to mark out the boundaries of his property. Mr Grieve has been successful in breeding Border Leicester sheep. From the early days he has used imported stock and the best selected colonial strains, and has been a prize-taker at the Southland shows from the time of their inception. He has also been successful with Short-horn cattle. Mr Grieve has frequently acted as judge at the shows held at Christchurch, Dunedin, Oamaru, and Palmerston North. He has long been a director of the Southland Agricultural and Pastoral Association, and has held the position of president. Mr Grieve owns 128 acres at Oporo, 314 at Branxholm, and 341 at Waianiwa. He was married, in 1858, to Miss Cully, of Northumberland, England, and has six daughters and four sons.
, Farmer, “Eatham,” Waianiwa. Mr Howells was born in 1835, in Tasmania, where he was educated and brought up to farming. In 1852 he went to Ballarat,
Victoria, but shortly afterwards removed to the Western district, where he was engaged in pastoral management for some years. In 1863, he came to New Zealand by the ship “Daniel Watson,” landed at the New River, Invercargill, and settled at Switzers. Mr Howells was for six years manager of the Ardlussa station and afterwards removed to Riverton, where he leased Eastbourne Park, the property of the late Captain Howell, and other property in the same district. After residing in the Riverton district for nine years, Mr Howells leased a farm at Wainaiwa in 1880, and five years later bought his present property consisting of fifty acres of freehold. This property was originally owned by the late Mr James Wilson, commonly called the “Speaker,” from his connection with the old Provincial Council. Mr Howells has served on the Waianiwa school committee. He was married, in 1869, to a daughter of the
, Farmer, “Willow Bank,” Waianiwa. Mr McDermid was born on the 21st of October. 1841, in Campbelltown, Argyleshire, Scotland, where he was educated, and brought up as a wheelwright. He landed at the Bluff from the ship “Helenslea,” in October, 1863, and worked at his trade in Invercargill for over twelve years. About Christmas, 1875, he settled at Waianiwa, where he had three years previously purchased 120 acres of freehold land. Mr McDermid has since resided on the property, which he has brought into a good state of cultivation. As a volunteer, Mr McDermid served in the G Battery; and as an Oddfellow, he joined St. George's Lodge in the early days, has passed through all the chairs, and is a Past Deputy Grand Master of the Order. Mr McDermid was appointed a Justice of the Peace in 1900, and has served on the Waianiwa school committee. He was married, in November, 1861, to a daughter of the late Mr Andrew Ronald, of Campbelltown, Argyleshire, and has two sons and eight daughters.
, Farmer, Tulloch Farm, Spar Bush Block, Waianiwa. Mr McLean was born in 1854, in Ross-shire, Scotland, and was brought up to country pursuits near the residence of the late Sir Hector Macdonald, Mulbulie, with whom, as a lad, he used to play. Mr McLean landed at the Bluff, on the 27th of December, 1882, by the ship “Zealandia,” and after farming at Waimatuku with a partner, for seven years, removed to the Spar Bush Block, where he has since resided. His original holding consisted of 282 acres, but was increased to 479 acres in 1900, and is worked as a mixed farm. Before leaving Scotland, Mr McLean served in the Inverness-shire Volunteers. In 1897 he became a member of the Waianiwa school committee, and has been connected with the Southland Agricultural and Pastoral and Caledonian Societies. He is also a chieftain of the Highland Society. Mr McLean was married, in 1891, to a daughter of Mr James Young, of Waianiwa, and has three sons and three daughters.
, Farmer, Waianiwa. Mr Smith was born in 1851, in County Tyrone, Ireland, where he was educated and brought up to farming. He arrived at the Bluff by the ship “Timaru,” in 1875, and was emploved for four years by Mr A. Beaven, when he commenced farming on his own account. His property consists of 166 acres of freehold, which is worked as a mixed farm. Mr Smith was married, in 1875, to a daughter of Mr William Ferguson, of County Tyrone, Ireland, and has had nine daughters and six sons, of whom two sons have died.
, Farmer, Spar Bush Block, Waianiwa. Mr Weir was born on the 1st of April, 1851, at Leith, Edinburgh, Scotland. He landed at the Bluff by the ship, “Sir William Eyre,” with his father, in 1863, and was brought up as a bootmaker in Invercargill. In 1888 he gave up his trade, which was injuring his health, and bought 282 acres of land at Waianiwa. The property was then in its natural state, but has since been brought almost entirely into cultivation. As an Oddfellow, Mr Weir is a member of the Shamrock, Rose and Thistle Lodge. In the early days he was a member of the first brass band in Invercargill, and he has been a member of the Waianiwa school committee, of which he was chairman for three years. Mr Weir was married, in 1879, to a daughter of Mr Willian Cruiek-shanks, twine manufacturer, Invercargill, and has, surviving, two sons and six daughters.
. Farmer, “Argyle,” Waianiwa. Mr Wilson was born in 1862, in the Waianiwa district, where he was educated. He was brought up to country pursuits, and commeneed farming on his own account in 1893. His property, which he inherited from his father, the late Mr John Wilson, consists of 100 acres at Waianiwa, ninety-two of which are freehold, and twenty-one acres of freehold at Lower Waianiwa. Mr Wilson was married, in 1893, to a daughter of the late Mr John Blue, of Waianiwa, and has four sons and one daughter.
, Farmer, “Green-lees,” Waianiwa. Mr Young was born on the 22nd of November, 1836, in Duly parish, Perthshire, Scotland, and educated in Forfarshire, where he was brought up to a country life. He came to Port Chalmers by the ship “Henrietta,” in 1860, and, after residing in Dunedin for two years, went to West Taieri, where he was employed. successively, by Mr J. Reid and Mr J. Borrie. Mr Young afterwards worked for a time at Gabriel's Gully; he was then employed in brickmaking making for nine months, and subsequently was engaged in carting, between the Dunstan and Dunedin, with his brother. Having gone to Southland, Mr Young resided for some time at West Plains, but removed, in 1865. to Mabel Bush, where he was engaged in farming with his brothers till 1879. Mr Young then returned to West Plains, where he bought 200 acres of land, but sold out three years later and bought 460 acres of freehold in the Spar Bush Block, which he has redeemed from its natural condition. While at Mabel Bush, Mr Young was for some years a member of the Road Board and school committee. He was married, in 1862, to Miss Dachers, of Forfarshire, Scotland, but his wife died in August, 1891, leaving one son and two daughters.
, sometime of Waianiwa, was born in 1843, at West Kilbride, Ayrshire, Scotland, where he was educated. He was apprenticed as a carpenter at Saltcoats, and in 1863 arrived at the Bluff by the ship “New Great Britain.” Mr Blue settled at Waianiwa, where he acquired sixty-five
, sometime of Waianiwa, was one of the earliest settlers in the district. He was born in 1825, in Ayrshire, Scotland, where he was brought up as a marine engineer. In 1854 he arrived in Australia, and two years later removed to Southland, landing at the Bluff. Mr Wilson settled in the Waianiwa district, where he bought a section of land and subsequently increased his holding to 800 acres. In the early days he was a member of the Aparima Road Board. Mr Wilson was married, in 1853, to a daughter of Mr James Lindsay, of Renfrewshire, Scotland, and at his death, in 1899, left three sons and four daughters.
In The Year 1882 the Government opened a block of bush land on deferred payment on the southern side of the Waimatuku Bush, and this district has since been known as Otakau. It lies to the west of Wallacetown, and to the south of Waianiwa, from which it is about four miles distant, and extends towards the Waimatuku beach. The settlers are making considerable progress in winning their holdings from their original condition, and dairy farming is successfully carried on. Otakau has a public school, but no church, but the district's requirements in this respect are met in the surrounding settlements. The district is in the Awarua electorate, and in the Wallacetown riding of the county of Southland. Its population was not separately counted at the census of 1901, but Waimatuku Bush, of which it is part, had 150 inhabitants.
stands on a section of five acres of land, the gift of Mr Thomas Pert. The school building is of wood and iron, has a class-room and porch, and provides accommodation for twenty-five children. In 1904, there were forty names on the roll, with an average attendance of thirty-four; which showed a need for increased accommodation. The playground has a shelter-shed, and there is a four-roomed residence for the teacher.
, Headmaster of the Otakau Public School, was born in 1875, at Invercargill, and was educated at the South Invercargill public school, and the Southland High School. He became a pupil teacher at the Bluff, where he served for five years and a-half, and obtained his present appointment in 1898. Mr Hewlett is connected with the Shamrock, Rose and Thistle Lodge of Oddfellows. He was married, in December. 1901, to a daughter of Mr Andrew Burns, of Otakau.
, Farmer and Carpenter, Otakau. Mr Burns was born in 1852, in Fifeshire, Scotland, where he was educated and brought up as a carpenter. He arrived at Lyttelton in
, Otakau. Mr Nunn was born in 1857, in Suffolk, England, where he was educated, and brought up to farming. He came to the Bluff at the age of nineteen by the ship “Waitara.” and in 1882, took up 11 acres at Otakau, where he acquired a further 108 acres in 1899. The land was in a rough state, full of timber and very wet. but about half has already been cleared. Mr Nunn engages largely in dairying, and milks over twenty cows. In the season of 1903 he was successful in gaining the highest test for butter-fat, 4.4, His actual receipts for the season of 1903 were £211 16s Id, the weight of milk supplied being 12,769 pounds, and the average price per gallon 5.3 pence. This was the product of twenty-two cows, and was exclusive of the butter, cheese and milk used by his family. Mr Nunn has been a member of the Otakau and Waianiwa school committees. He was married, in October, 1885, to a daughter of the late Mr John McLeod, of Mabel Bush, and has two sons and four daughters.
, Farmer, “Wood-lea,” Otakau. “Woodlea” consists of 324 acres of freehold, extending from the main road to the Otakau creek. One hundred and seventy-two acres of the property were taken up by the proprietor, in 1882. in its natural condition, and fully sixty acres have already been cleared. Eighteen cows were in milk in the season of 1904. Mr Pert was born in Berkshire, England, on the 17th of November, 1851, and arrived at Port Chalmers by the ship “Buckinghamshire” in 1874. He transhipped to the Bluff, and for some years was employed at Invercargill, and at Oreti Plains, near Drummond. He served for several years in the Invercargill Rifles, and, as an Oddfellow, is connected with Court Star of the South. Mr Pert has been a member of the Otakau school committee since 1897, and presented five acres of land as a site for the school. He was married, in July, 1886, to a daughter of the late Mr John Stanier, of Wolverhampton. England, and Otakau, New Zealand, and has one daughter.
, Farmer, “Glen-field,” Otakau. Mr Wilson was born in 1829, in Kent, England, where he was brought up to a country life He arrived in Tasmania in 1873, and came to the Bluff in the following year. After residing for some time at Wright's Bush, Mr Wilson leased a farm at Waimatuku, and in July, 1885, purchased 313 acres of freehold land at Otakau. The property was in its virgin condition, and about fifty acres have already been cleared. Mr Wilson was married, in 1858, to a daughter of Mr G. Moore, of Leicester, England, and has two sons and one daughter.
, Farmer, Otakau. Mr Wilson is a son of Mr John Wilson, of “Glenfield,” Otakau, and was born, in 1862, at Dover, England. He was brought up to farming at Waimatuku, and took up his property at Otakau in May, 1888. The land was then in rough bush, but about half of it has now been cleared. Mr Wilson was married, in 1888, to a daughter of Mr Robert Flowers, of Riverton, and has three sons and four daughters.
settlement is to the north of Waimatuku bush, and lies between Waimatuku and Waianiwa. The main road from Invercargill to Riverton passes through the district, and branch roads extend northward towards Limestone Plains and Drummond. One of these roads passes the Springburn estate, where a school and post office bear the native name of Otahuti. There is plenty of magnificent farming land, and some individual settlers hold as much as 500 acres. The district has a flag-station, which is on the Invercargill-Orepuki line, fourteen miles from Invercargill, and at an elevation of fifty-one feet above the level of the sea. Wright's Bush is
(W. Cruick-shank, proprietor), Wright's Bush. This mill was erected in 1903. The building is of wood and iron, and the machinery is driven by an eight horsepower portable engine. The mill's output is fourteen tens of dressed flax a month, and about eighteen men are employed. Mr Frederick Keys is man ager.
, Engineer of the Otahuti Flaxmill, was born at Flint's Bush, and educated at Wai matuku and Thornbury. He studied engineering, and was appointed engineer at the Otahuti Flaxmill, on its establishment, in 1903.
, Farmer, “Monte Christo.” Wright's Bush. Mr Kirse was born in 1880, at Tapanui, and was educated at Pahia, where be was brought up to a country life. In 1901 he acquired his present property of 260 acres of freehold, which he works as a mixed farm. He raises grain crops, and runs sheep upon his estate. Mr Kirse is attached to the local Lodge of Oddfellows.
, Farmer, “Mains o' Blair,” Wright's Bush. Mr McKenzie was born in June, 1862, in Brisbane, Queensland. His father was the late Mr Thomas McKenzie, of All Bay, near Kakanui, where he settled in 1864. Mr McKenzie was brought up on his father's farm, and afterwards settled at Wright's Bush, where he has devoted himself chiefly to mixed farming, and breeding sheep and cattle, and Clydesdale and light horses. His estate consists of 480 acres of freehold, and has been greatly improved since Mr McKenzie took possession. Mr McKenzie is a member of the Southland Agricultural and Pastoral Association. He was married, in 1890, to a daughter of Mr Alexander Elder, of Kakanui, and has four sons and one daughter.
, Farmer, “Willowsmead,” Wright's Bush. Mr McKenzie was born at the Punch Bowl Estate. Maheno, and was educated at Kakanui, where he was brought up to country life. He settled in the Wright's Bush district in 1895, and purchased “Willowsmead,” a partly formed farm of 282 acres. Mr Mckenzie has made many improvements, and brought the property to a good state of cultivation, working it as a mixed farm. He was married, in 1898, to a daughter of Mr Farquhar Gunn, of Kakanui, and has two sons and two daughters.
was born in 1830, at Golcar, near Huddersfield, Yorkshire, England. He commenced work at an early age in a woollen mill, and attended a night school. Mr Brook landed in Victoria in 1854, and two years later, arrived at Nelson, New Zealand, where he was employed in a brewery for five years. He afterwards removed to Christchurch, where he was for two years a partner in the firm of Travers, Oldham and Brook, brewers. Mr Brook visited the Lindis goldfield in its very early days, and was one of the earliest to arrive at Gabriel's Gully. He subsequently returned to Canterbury, where he resided for a time, and then removed to Southland. In January, 1862, Mr. Brook settled at Wright's Bush, and devoted himself to farming till 1894, when he sold out and retired. Mr Brook served for three years as a member of a subdivision of the New River Road Board. He was married, in 1863, to Miss Matthews, but his wife died in June, 1897.
extends on both sides of the main road from Invercargill to Riverton, and of the Invercargill-Orepuki railway line. The Upper district lies on the north side of the line, and extends by a good main road towards Calcium or Limestone Plains, which is eight miles distant, and towards Drummond, which is twelve miles distant. South of the railway line the district is known as Lower Waimatuku, and is on both sides of the Waimatuku
was established in 1879, and has been conducted at the Waimatuku school house since 1889. Mails are received, and despatched, daily, and Mr Duncan McKenzie, headmaster of the school, acts as postmaster. The telephone bureau is situated at the Waimatuku store.
was removed in 1888 from Flint's Bush—a distance of two miles and a half—and stands on a site of five acres near the railway station. The building is of wood and iron, and contains two classrooms with accommodation for 120 children. In 1904 there were sixty-eight names on the roll, and the average attendance was fifty-four. The teacher in charge is assisted by a mistress. The headmaster occupies a seven-roomed house adjoining the school.
(William Norman and James Francis Norman, trading as Norman and Son, proprietors), Waimatuku. This mill was established in 1901. The building is of wood and iron, and contains a twelve horse-power portable engine, and a full plant. The output of the mill is from twelve to fourteen tons of dressed flax a month. Twenty men are employed, and the supply of green flax is drawn from the surrounding districts.
, Senior Partner of the firm of Norman and Son, was born in 1852, in Herefordshire, in England. He came to New Zealand by the ship “British Queen” in 1883, and settled at Woodend, Canterbury, where he was employed in a flax mill for ten years. He afterwards conducted a flaxmill on his own account, and, later on, removed to Westerfield, near Ashburton. In 1900, Mr Norman returned to Southland, and started a mill at Waiau, which he conducted for a year and six months, when he established the mill at Waimatuku. Mr Norman was married, in 1877, to Miss Chinnery, of Norfolk, England, and has one son.
, the Junior Partner, was born in 1881, at Woodend, Canterbury, and educated at Woodend, Gebbie's Valley, and the Normal School, Christchurch. He was brought up to the flax milling business, and has been in partnership with his father for several years.
, Farmer, Eastbourn Park, Waimatuku. Mr Bickley was born in Shropshire, England, in 1832, and was brought up to country life. After farming for some years in the Old Country on his own account he came to New Zealand by the ship “Oamaru,” which arrived at Port Chalmers in 1880. Mr Bickley settled in Southland, worked in various parts of the district, and subsequently leased from 700 to 800 acres at Lower Waimatuku, where he resided for many years. This property is now worked by his sons. In 1899 Mr Bickley, took up 350 acres of leasehold known as Eastbourn Park. He was married, in 1854, but his wife died in 1902, leaving four sons and four daughters.
, Sheep-farmer, “Erroldale,” Waimatuku. Mr Boyd was born in Greenock, Scotland, and was educated at the Glasgow Academy. He arrived at Port Chalmers in 1862 by the ship “Aboukir,” having been preceded by two brothers. Mr Boyd's property consists of about 1,100 acres of freehold, which is worked as a sheep farm. The property was taken up in the sixties by Mr William Boyd, father of the present proprietor, who had been a Glasgow merchant. He was practically the first settler in the district, and the land consisted mostly of flax swamps Large sums of money have been expended in improving the land, and a very fine residence has been erected on the property. Mr Boyd owns a registered flock of Rommey Marsh sheep, which he has steadily improved since its establishment in 1879. He was for a short time a member of the Aparima Road Board, and has been chairman of the Waimatuku Dairy Factory Company.
Fraser William. Farmer, “Taurima, Waimatuku. Mr Fraser is a son of the late Mr Duncan Eraser, and was born in 1858, in Inverneass-shire, Scotland, where he was educated, He arrived with his parents at the Bluff on the 30th of January, 1861, by the ship “Edward I horn-hill,” and helped in clearing his father's land. Mr Eraser started farming on his own account in 1883, when, in recognition of his service, his father presented him with a team of horses and £100. His farm then consisted
of 157 acres of leasehold land, which he afterwards purchased. He subsequently bought 300 acres from his father, besides leasing 360 acres of the Riverton Harbour Endowment. Mr Fraser has been a deacon of the Riverton Presbyterian church since 1884. He was married, in February, 1901, to a daughter of Mr William Anderson, of North Invercargill, and has one daughter.
, “Balmain,” Waimatuku. Mr Fraser's farm, which comprises 295 acres of leasehold, was acquired by him in the eighties. It was then in its natural condition, consisting chiefly of tussocks and swamp, but now, with the exception of thirty acres, it has been broken up and sown down in grass. The property is worked as a mixed farm, cattle and sheep being raised and crops cultivated. Mr Eraser is further referred to as chairman of the Wallace County Council.
, Farmer, “Meadowside,” Waimatuku. Mr Fraser was born in I Inverness-shire, Scotland, in 1859, and came to the Bluff with his father, the late Mr Duncan Fraser, on the 30th of January, 1864, by the ship “Edward Thorn-hill.” He was educated at Waianiwa and Flint's Bush, and was brougnt up to farming. In 1884, Mr Fraser leased 200 acres of the Riverton Harbour endowment land. The land was then in its native condition, but more than half has since been brought under cultivation.
, Farmer, “Fairfield,” Waimatuku. Mr Fraser was born in 1863, on the ship “Edward Thornhill,” on her voyage to the Bluff. He is a son of the late Mr Duncan Fraser, and was educated at Flint's Bush. Mr Fraser was brought up to farming by his father in the Waimatuku district. In 1884 he took up 300 acres of leasehold land, which he worked as a mixed farm for many years. “Fairfield,” which he now owns, consists of 150 acres of freehold.
, Farmer, “Woodside,” Waimatuku. Mr McGaw was born in 1831, in Wigtonshire, Scotland, where he worked on his father's farm for seventeen years, and afterwards learned the trade of a carpenter. He subsequently emigrated to America and joined his uncle, who was manager of a tobacco factory in Louisville, Kentucky, but soon returned to Scotland, and a year later Came out to Australia with three cousins. Mr McGaw resided in Australia for five years, when he returned to Scotland, married, and embarked for Auckland by the ship “Mermaid,” in 1859. For a short time he served as a volunteer during the Maori disturbances. In 1860 he went to Sydney, but soon returned to New Zealand, and worked at his trade at the Lake diggings. A year later he removed to Riverton, and shortly afterwards to Invercargill, where he resided for four years, during part of which time he was employed on the old Post Office building. Mr McGaw then turned his attention to farming, and bought a property at Thornbury, which he worked for four years. In 1872, he removed to flint's Bush where he resided for seixteen years, and in 1888 he purchased the property known as “Woodside,” Waimatuku. This property consists of 207 acres, seventy-three of which are leasehold, and the balance freehold. Mr McGaw was one of the first directors of the Waimatuku Dairy Company. He was married, in 1879, to a daughter of the late Mr Stephen Hunter, Stranraer, Wigtonshire, Scotland, and has, surviving, a family of five sons and five daughters.
, Farmer, Waimatuku. Mr Rance was born in 1854, in Middlesex, England, where he was educated and brought up to country life. In 1873 he came to New Zealand by the ship “Lutterworth,” and landed at Port Chalmers, whence he was conveyed to Moeraki by the s.s. “Samson.” After residing at Hampden for two years, Mr Rance removed to Waimatuku, where he worked for some years. In 1885 he bought part of his present property, which now consists of 320 acres; 220 freehold, and the balance under perpetual lease. An area of 200 acres has been reclaimed from its native condition, and brought into a good state of cultivation. Mr Rance has been a member of the Waimatuku school committee since 1895, and was one of the early shareholders in the dairy factory. He was married, in 1886, to a daughter of Mr John Mclndoe, of Spar Bush, and has three sons and five daughters.
, sometime of Waimatuku, was born in 1832, in Inverness-shire, Scotland, where he was educated, and became a teacher. His father was a farmer, and on his death Mr Fraser took charge of the farm. He arrived at the Bluff by the ship “Edward Thornhill,” on the 30th of January, 1864, and after working for some time as a gold miner at Picton, and the West Coast, he settled in the Waimatuku district, where, in 1870, he took up 450 acres of land, which he farmed until his death in 1902. Mr Fraser was one of the first directors of the Waimatuku Dairy Factory. He was married, in 1850, to a daughter of the late Mr William Fraser, of Craigie, Inverness-shire, Scotland. His wife died in 1893, leaving three sons and five daughters.
is the name of a rich agricultural district which surrounds the Thornbury Junction railway station, on the Invercar-gill-Orepuki line of railway, at the juncture of the branch lines to Otautau and Nightcaps. The railway station stands at an elevation of only fifteen feet above the level of the sea, and is twenty miles from Invercargill, six miles from Riverton, twenty - three from Orepuki, and twenty-five from Nightcaps. Thornbury is in the Aparima riding of the county of Wallace, and in the electorate of Wallace, and had a population of 262 at the census of 1901, with forty-four in the neighbourhood. The township is on the east bank of the Aparima river, which is spanned by a bridge which connects the district with the settlements beyond. There is a good deal of flat land, and some of an undulating character, in the immediate neighbourhood. Thornbury has two stores, an hotel, a railway refreshment room, a saddler's shop, a blacksmith's shop, Anglican and Presbyterian churches, and a public school. On the northern side of the township, the main road leads through Flint's Bush—where there is a public school—towards Limestone Plains and Drummond. There are good cycling roads to Waima-tuku on the one hand, and to Riverton, on the other; the main road between Riverton and Invercargill is not far away from the township. About twelve trains pass daily through the local railway station, and the business of the post office and telephone bureau is conducted at the station. There is also a public hall in the settlement, and services are held there periodically in connection with the Roman Catholic church. Thornbury is in high favour with anglers, as the river and neighbouring creeks are well stocked with trout.
was established in 1880. The school building is of wood and iron, containing two class-rooms and a porch, and stands on an elevated site of an acre and a-quarter of ground overlooking the township. There is accommodation for ninety children, and in 1903 there were seventy names on the roll, and the average attendance was sixty-four. A play ground with a shelter-shed adjoins the school, and there is a seven-roomed residence for the teacher in charge.
, Headmaster of the Thornbury Public School, was born in 1869, in Nottingham, England. He was educated at Saltby College, Birmingham, and was trained as a teacher, taking the full English certificate. Mr Soar became assistant teacher at Burnley, Lancashire, and a year later was transferred to Omskirk, near Liverpool, where he taught for three years. In 1894, Mr Soar came to Port Chalmers by the s.s. “Rimutaka,” and entered the service of the Southland Education Board. He was teacher at Limestone Plains for eight years, and was appointed to his present position at Thornbury about the end of 1902. Mr Soar was a member of the 2nd Warwickshire Rifles for two years, and twice attended camp at Stoneleigh Park, Kenilworth Castle. As a Freemason, he is attached to Lodge Aparima, Riverton. Mr Soar was married, in 1883, to a daughter of the late Mr Thomas Lancaster, of Bolton, England, and has one son and one daughter.
, is a wood and iron structure, with accommodation for 100 persons. Services are held every Sunday evening, and there is a Sunday school, which is attended by about thirty children, in charge of three teachers. The parish is under the charge of the Rev. A. D. Beaven, vicar of Riverton.
, Farmer, of “Race-view,” Thornbury. Mr Hall was born in 1822, in County Antrim, Ireland, where he was brought up to farming. He arrived in Victoria in 1853, and resided there till 1865, when he came to Southland. Mr Hall bought 100 acres of land in the Thornbury district, of which he was one of the original settlers. He named his farm “Raceview,” and afterwards increased its area to over 300 acres. Mr Hall was married, in 1849. to a daughter of the late Mr. J. Mabyon, of County Antrim, Ireland, and has two sons and five daughters. His wife died in August, 1900.
, Farmer, “Raceview,” Thornbury. Mr Hall is a son of Mr Andrew Hall, senior, and was born at Bendigo, Victoria, in October, 1856. He was educated at Flint's Bush, and was brought up to farming by his father, with whom he still works. Mr Hall, junior, is a member of the Western District Agricultural and Pastoral Association, and has served on the committee for some time. He is also a member of the Southland branch of the New Zealand Farmers' Union. He was married, in September, 1890, to a daughter of Mr. Andrew Hannah, farmer, of Otautau, and has one son.
, “Brackenridge,” Thornbury. Mr McLean was born on the 12th of February, 1827, in Lanarkshire, Scotland, where he was educated and brought up to farming. He came to Port Chalmers by the ship “Ben Lomond,” in 1863, and after working for six months at Long-bush, settled at Thornbury, where he purchased 250 acres of land. The property was then covered with tussocks, and as there were no fences, ditches or roads in the district, Mr McLean had to endure many hardships, in common with the other early settlers. Mr McLean has since brought his property into a state of cultivation, and has acquired a further 470 acres in another part of the district. Before leaving Scotland he was a member of the 37th Lanarkshire Volunteers. In the early days he was a member of the Flint's Bush school committee. Mr MeLean was married, in 1863, to a daughter of the late Mr Gavin Fallow, of Lanarkshire. His wife died in June, 1893, leaving four sons and four daughters. Their eldest son had died in 1877.
, Farmer, Hill Farm. Thornbury. Mr Haywood was born in 1856, in Devonshire, England, where he was educated and brought up to farming. He came to the Bluff by the ship “Western Monarch,” in 1879, and was employed for seven years by Mr M. Fallow, at Riverton. He was afterwards in partnership with his brother. Mr. W. Haywood, and Mr F. J. Linscott, in an estate at Thorn-bury, which he actively farmed till 1891. when the partnership was dissolved. Mr Haywood then took over Hill Farm, which comprises 290 acres of freehold, and a Government reserve of forty acres; he afterwards bought another farm of 170 acres. Mr Haywood carries on mixed farming. He is a member of the Western District Agricultural and Pastornl Association, and was its vice-president in 1904. Mr Haywood was married, in December, 1891, to a daughter of Mr Robert Hitchcock, of Waimatuku, and has three sons and four daughters.
(John Brown McLean, Junior, and James Brown McLean Farmers. “Lenandale,” Thornbury. Messrs McLean Brothers' property consists of 456 acres of freehold, and is worked as a mixed farm. Half of the land is now fully improved, and the proprietors have been successful exhibitors of stock at the Southland shows.
, Junior, who was president of the Western District Agricultural and Pastoral Association in 1904, was born at Thorn-bury in 1874, and is the eldest son of Mr J. B. McLean, an old settler in the district. He has farmed with his brother at Thornbury since 1893.
. Junior Partner in the firm, was born in 1877, and educated in the Thornbury district, where he was brought up to farming.
was one of the first places in Southland to attract European settlers. There are extensive areas of good land in the district, and the countryside has many pleasing features; but at first the chief attraction of the place was its accessibility to the whalers, who in the very early days carried on a thriving trade on the southern coasts of New Zealand. Captain Howell and his partner, Captain Gilroy, were amongst the first to settle at Riverton; but they were soon joined by other pioneers, and the settlement thus begun was added to from time to time by arrivals from Otago. Riverton is situated on the estnary of the At arima, at the point of its confluence, with the Pourakino, sometimes called Parapourakino, and forms a natural port. The estuary empties itself into the bay or roads, named after the veteran pioneer, Captain Howell. At first the port's chief connection was with the whaling industry, which gave rise to many exciting and interesting scenes in the early days. But on account of the rich lands along the Aparima, and the fine pastoral country in the interior, Riverton soon became a place of some importance, apart from whaling, and a jetty was built for the convenience of shippers. Later on a railway was made from Riverton to Orepuki, and to the Nightcaps, via Thornbury; but in the earlier time the streets of Riverton were frequently crowded with bullock-drays laden with wool, grain, and other produce, which was shipped from the port. This trade would doubtless have increased under the encouragement of the local railway lines; but the settlers clamoured for the extension of the railway to Invercargill, and when that became a matter of fact, the business of Riverton as a seaport practically passed away, so much so, that, in 1904, little was sent away seaward from Riverton except timber from the various sawmills up the river. Riverton and South Riverton are separated by the estuary, which is spanned by a bridge that has been used and maintained by the railway department since the construction of the railway to Orepuki. In 1904, the railway department built a new bridge a little further up the estuary, at a point more suitable for traffic purposes, and to escape a large curve. Before the first bridge was built a
, who was elected in 1902 to represent Wallace in the House of Representatives, was born in 1866, in Invercargill, where he was educated, partly at a private school, and afterwards at one of the public schools. Mr Thomson served his indentures to a printer in Invercargill, and subsequently became a newspaper reporter. Ultimately he settled at Riverton, and acquired the Western Star newspaper, which he conducted for eleven years. On his return to the House of Representatives, Mr Thomson sold his interest in the newspaper, but still acts as editor, He has been a member of the Southland Education Board since 1900, and was chairman in 1902. He is also a member of the Riverton Hospital Board. As a Freemason, he is a member of Lodge Aparima, New Zealand Constitution; and, as a Forester has been connected with Court Southern Cross since 1889. Mr Thomson was returned to the House of Representatives as an Independent, but his leanings are to the Opposition. He has taken several gold medals for essays on political subjects during recent years. Mr Thomson is a Justice of the Peace. He was married, in 1893, to Miss Reyling, of Greymouth, and has one son. He is elsewhere referred to as Mayor of Riverton.
, was at one time member of the House of Representatives for Wallace. He was born at Hastings, England, in 1815, went to sea as a lad, and arrived in New Zealand in the early days, as a young man. Mr Daniel settled in the Jacob's river district, and entered business as a draper. As such he dealt extensively with the Maoris, and for a number of years generally carried on a successful trade in Riverton. Mr Daniel became a member of the Southland Provincial Council, and sat for Wallace in the House of Representatives in 1882–4. He also served as Mayor of Riverton, and took a prominent part in promoting railway extension in the Western district. He acquired considerable property in the Riverton district, and was latterly engaged in agricultural and pastoral pursuits. Mr Daniel married Miss Stevens, of Brighton, England. His wife died in 1892, leaving five sons and four daughters, and Mr Daniel himself passed away in 1893.
came into existence in 1871, and exercises control over the oldest town in Southland. The town is situated in a very healthy locality, and is well patronised by tourists; splendid roads —making cycling enjoyable—connect Riverton with the metropolis of Southland and the surrounding districts. At the cansus of 1901, Riverton had 240 dwelling houses, and 225 ratepayers. The rateable value of the property was £4,246; and the town's endowments had an area of 3,368 acres. The present loans, including that in connection with the harbour, amount to £3,400. In recent years a number of buildings in the town have been destroyed by five, and not rebuilt. The first mayor was the late well-known politican and divine, Mr Lachlan McGillivray, and the members of the first council, who were elected in 1871, were Messrs Instone, McDonald, Mills, Murchie, Frew and Beer. Members for 1904: Mayor, Mr J. C. Thomson, M.H.R.: councillors, Messrs W. R. Pankhurst, J. Robinson, J. Lyle, W. E. Blackmore, J. Lockett, E. H. Smythies, H. Akhurst, and P. Welch.
, has been a member of the Riverton Borough Council for many years, and was elected Mayor in 1901. Mr Thomson is further referred to as member of the House of Representatives for Wallace.
was born in 1843, at Buckland, Tasmania, where he was educated. He arrived at the Bluff in 1863, and for many years worked in Southland at various occupations, including mining, shearing, general farm work, farm managing and horse-breaking. He also did the first ploughing at Flint's Bush, with a team of bullocks. Mr Blackmore conducted a leasehold farm on his own account for some time, and now has 100 acres of freehold, and 100 acres of leasehold, land, at South Riverton, where he carries on dairy farming. He was married, in 1873, to a daughter of the late Mr John R. Watson, of South Riverton, and has five sons and four daughters.
is one of the oldest settlers of Riverton, he having left England with his parents in 1854, in a Dutch vessel, the “Bulgerrotezn,” which arrived in Melbourne during the same year. Mr. Pankhurst's parents came over to New Zealand in the schooner “Otago,” and arrived at Jacob's River or Riverton in 1855, settling as small graziers; and his mother opened the first private school in Riverton in 1856. At an early age Mr. Pankhurst was apprenticed to Messrs Reid Bros., builders and wheelwrights, and, after serving his time, worked with the firm until the year 1888, when he took over the business. Mr. Pankhurst is one of the leading builders of Riverton, having erected numerous buildings, amongst them the present handsome district hospital, which was constructed by the joint contractors, Messrs Pankhurst and Winton. Mr. Pankhurst was elected to the Borough Council in 1884. He is an old adherent of the Presbyterian Church, and was a member of the deacon's court for twelve years. He is Past Grand of the Independent Order of Oddfellows, Manchester Unity, which he joined in 1864, about the time of the laying of the foundation stone of the Oddfellows' Hall, by Mrs J. P. Taylor, wife of the Superintendent of Southland. Mr. Pankhurst married the youngest daughter of the late Mr. Robert Cassels, of Glasgow.
is (1905) a member of the Riverton Borough Council, and was for four years a member on a previous occasion. Mr Twemlow is referred to in another article as a general storekeeper at Riverton.
, Town Clerk of Riverton, was born in 1871 in Riverton. He received the appointment of Town Clerk on the 3rd of November, 1892, and also occupies the position of clerk to the Riverton Harbour Board, and secretary and treasurer to the Wallace and Fiord Hospital. His parents, who were widely known throughout New Zealand, arrived in the Colony along with many of the old pioneers in the early sixties. The late Mr. Cassels, who was born in Glasgow, served throughout the Crimean War and the Indian Mutiny, for which he held the Crimean, Turkish, and Indian Medals. On leaving the army, he sailed for New Zealand, and arrived on the 21st of February, 1860. For a great number of years Mr. Cassels, senior, acted as captain to the Riverton Rifles, which was one of the first Volunteer corps in New Zealand. His son, the present Town Clerk, holds a commission as lieutenant in the same company.
was born at Brook House, near Lawghton-en-le Morthen, Yorkshire, and is the eldest surviving son of the late Mr. John Petchell, of Riverton. He arrived in New Zealand in February, 1854, by the ship “Stately.” with his parents, who were pioneer settlers of Otago. Owing to the absence of schools in those days, the subject of this sketch was self-educated. At the time of the Tuapeka “rush,” in 1862, he proceeded to that field on trading ventures. In 1869 he arrived at Riverton and purchased land at Parapourakino in the Longwood district, and afterwards started sawmilling in conjunction with his father and
, J. P., was born in Lanarkshire, Scotland, in 1845, and spent his early days at Killin, at the head of Loch Tay, in Perthshire. He left his native land In the ship “Helenslea” for Port Chalmers, and in 1867 settled in Southland. After following various occupations incidental to early colonial life, he bought land on the Jacob's River, and farmed it for several years. Mr. Robertson afterwards sold his farm and started as a storekeeper in Riverton, and still conducts the business. He was elected to the Borough Council, and filled the civic chair for two or three years with credit. Mr. Robertson is treasurer of the Riverton Presbyterian Church, and chairman of the Riverton school committee.
, who was Mayor of Riverton for seven consecutive years before he entered the ministry of the Church of England, is the youngest son of the late Mr John Ward, of “Thornhill,” sheepfarmer, Groper's Bush, Southland. He studied law, and was admitted as a solicitor at Timaru, in the year 1889, by Mr Justice Denniston. After that Mr Ward went to reside at Riverton, and was for a number of years actively associated with the social and public life of the place. In the year 1900 he entered the ministry of the Anglican church, and is now (1905) viear of Anderson's Bay, Dunedin. In 1881, Mr Ward married the only daughter of Mr Richard Carrow, formerly of the New Zealand Railway Department, and niece of Commander W. G. Carrow, R. N., of Long Marston, England. Further biographical particulars and Mr Ward's photograph appear at pages 183–4 of this volume.
was born at Stonehouse, Devonshire, England, in 1833, and was educated in Sheffield. Some time in the early forties he came to New Zealand with his father, Mr. Charles Durbridge, afterwards Clerk of the Resident Magistrate's Court, Onehunga, Auckland. In 1852, he left Auckland for New South Wales and tried his fortune on the “Hanging Rock” diggings, and subsequently at Bendigo. In consqunce of illhealth, however, he returned to New Zealand about the time of the discovery of geld at Coromandel by Mr. Charles Ring. In 1854, Mr. Durbridge became manager of the late Colonel Nlxon's farm at Tautauroa, Mangere, retaining the position until 1856, when he removed to Collingwood, Nelson, to engage in mining. Subsequently he returned to Auckland, and carried out the duties of Deputy-Returning Officer at Te Awamutu, Waikato, for two years. He left Auckland in 1859 for Christchurch, and became a cadet on the Mount Ida Valley station, owned by his brother-in-law, Mr. Thomas Newton, and others. In the following year, he was appointed manager of a station property at Pahia, near Orepuki. About 1874, he went to the Auckland Islands, and on his return was appointed an Inspector on the New Zealand Railways, and held the position until 1897, when he became engineer to the Wallace County Council; this office he resigned in 1898. Mr. Durbridge was elected a member of the Riverton Borough Council and of the Harbour and Domain Boards in 1896. He was initiated into Freemasonry in Lodge Aparima, No. 77, N.Z. C., in 1887, and after filling all the subordinate offices was elected worshipful master in 1889. Mr. Durbridge was married in 1861 to the only daughter of the late Mr. Robert Meldrum, of Invercargill, and has four sons and four daughters. The eldest son is manager of the West Australian Bank, Menzies, north of Coolgardie, and the remaining three are engaged in mining.
was born at Tralee, County Kerry, Ireland, near the Lakes of Killarney, in the year 1854, and is the eldest son of Mr. Francis McCarthy, who acted as clerk of the Tralee sessions court for thirty-five years. After being engaged in business in Dublin for some time Mr. T. B. McCarthy sailed for Port Chalmers in the ship “Otago,” and landed in 1874. Mr. McCarthy went to work with his father-in-law, the late Mr. John Vaughan, butcher, of Riverton, and has carried on the business of a butcher in Riverton for years. He was elected to the Borough Council in 1897; joined the Oddfellows (American Constitution) about 1890, and holds the rank of P.G. of the Wallace Lodge. He has also been a steward of the Riverton Racing Club since its formation.
was born at Inchclutha, Otago, in 1856, and received his education at his birthplace and at Riverton. He was for some years a member of the Riverton Borough Council, and also of the Wallace and Fiord Hospital Trust. In 1899, he married Miss A. H. Williams, and has one daughter. Mrs Petchell is the eldest daughter of the late Mr A. M. Williams, of Auckland. In the year 1890, she entered the Dunedin
extends from the mouth of the Ourawera Sludge Channel to the Wakapatu Beach, including Round Hill, Fairfax, and the whole of the neighbourhood of Wright's Bush, and Waimutuku. The station is situated in Palmerston Street, Riverton, adjoining the Courthouse. It is built of brick, and has a residence, an office, two lock-up cells and a stable.
, who has been in charge of the Riverton Police District since August, 1900, was born at Spalford, Tasmania, where he was educated, and brought up to farming. He arrived in Southland in 1893, and after engaging for some time in sawmilling, joined the police force in Dunedin on the 13th of February, 1897. Mr Bingham served for eleven months in Dunedin, and was then transferred to South Dunedin, where he remained till transferred to Riverton, in August. 1900. He has been a member of the Order of Rechabites since 1886, when he joined a Tent in Tasmania. Mr Bingham was married, in January, 1895, to Miss Hewett, a daughter of the late Robert Hewett, of Campbelltown, and has one son.
was originally founded in 1875, the old Immigration Barracks with certain alterations answering the purpose for some time. In 1887, the present handsome and well appointed edifice was erected on a magnificent site, commanding a splendid panorama of the Pacific Ocean and the western district. The Hospital is built upon the pavilion principle, and contains four wards, surgery, and nine rooms. The founder and first Medical Superintendent was Dr. Monekton, afterwards of Feilding; and the present Medical Officer is Dr. Trotter; Matron, Miss H. Willis. The funds for the erection of the new hospital were raised in the district. The first committee elected in 1887 consisted of Messrs H. H. Port (chairman), F. Locke, J. W. H. Hamilton, W. J. Collins, M. Hayes, D. McLeod, J. Reid, and J. Walker. G. O. Cassels, Secretary. Committee for 1904: Messrs W. Hoperoft (chairman), J. C. Thomson, M.H.R., J. Playfair, W. Ronald, E. J. Stevens, W. R. Pankhurst, J. Lyle, E. K. Smythies, and J. O. Clapp. The office of Secretary and Treasurer is held by the Town Clerk of Riverton, Mr. G. O. Cassels.
. M. D., C. M. (Edin.), who is Medical Superintendent of the Wallace and Fiord Hospital, Riverton, was born in
, Matron of the Riverton Hospital, was born in Staffordshire, England, and arrived at Lyttelton by the ship “Belisna,” which was wrecked on her return voyage. She was educated in Christchurch, and was trained as a nurse at the Wellington Hospital, where she served for eight years, first as probationer, and then as sister, before receiving her present appointment in 1900.
, who has been Head Nurse at the Riverton Hospital since September, 1900, was born at Badby, Northamptonshire, England, and came to New Zealand by the ship “Soukar.” She was educated at Waimate, where her father, Mr Joseph Bird, was an old resident. Miss Bird had two years' experience in the Waimate Hospital, and was afterwards engaged in private nursing in the Waimate district for three years and a-half, before being appointed to her present position at Riverton.
, Physician and Surgeon, and sometime Medical Superintendent of the Wallace and Fiord Hospital, was born in 1859 in County Antrim, Ireland, and was educated at Queen's College, Belfast, where he took his diplomas of M.D., M. Ch., and L.M. For some time before leaving the Old Country, Dr. Nelson practised at Beverley, Yorkshire, as locum tenens for Dr. Appleton. He left England about 1884 as medical officer of the ship “Waipa,” bound for Port Chalmers. After practising at Port Chalmers, and subsequently at Cromwell, Dr. Nelson became assistant medical officer at Seacliff Asylum. He settled in Riverton In 1886, assuming the positions of medical superintendent of the hospital, Native Medical Officer, and medical adviser to the Independent Order of Oddfellows, American Constitution, and to the Railway Benefit Society. Dr. Nelson died on the 25th of June, 1898.
of the Anglican Church is under the care of the Rev. A. D. Beavan as vicar. St. Mary's Church, Riverton, is one of the prominent buildings of the town, and recently replaced the old church which was erected in 1859. It is a wood and iron building with a spire, at the corner of Palmerston Street, on a site of a quarter of an acre, the gift of Mr J. R. Mills, and has seating accommodation for 160 persons. There is a Sunday school, which is attended by sixty children under the care of five teachers.
, S.A.C., Vicar of Riverton, is the son of J. Griffith Beavan, Esquire, J.P. for the counties of Devon, Radnor and Herefordshire, who married Emily, daughter of Lieutenant-Colonel John Davis, 3rd Battalion Dorset Regiment. He was educated at Blundill's school, Tiverton, and St. Augustine's Theological College, Canterbury, where he took the Theological diploma, S.A.C., Mr Beavan came to New Zealand in 1899, and was ordained deacon in May, 1899, in Christchurch, and priest in 1902. He was for some time curate at Methven, was afterwards stationed in Rangiora, and was appointed vicar of Riverton in 1903. He was married, on the 20th of January, 1903, to Florence, daughter of Mr J. Hibbs, Methven, and has one daughter.
, South Riverton, named after Iona's famous saint, is appropriately situated on the Longwood Hills, which command an unrivalled view of the South Pacific.
, Priest in charge of the Riverton district, was born on Good Friday, 1851, in Tipporary, Ireland. He was educated at Waterford, where he studied for the church, was ordained in 1875, and came to Port Chalmers in the following year, by the ship “Wiltshire.” After being three years in Dunedin, Father Sheehan was appointed to the charge of the Maniototo district, whence he was transferred to Riverton.
, No. 77, N.Z.C., Riverton, was founded in 1876. Meetings are held on the Friday nearest full moon in each month, at 7.30 p.m., in the Masonic Hall, Riverton. The late Mr. William Galloway was one of the founders under the English Constitution, and the Lodge was transferred to the New Zealand Constitution in May, 1892.
, sometime Past Master, and one of the original members of Lodge Aparima, No. 1617, E C., occupied the position of Worshipful Master at the time the Lodge was transferred to the New Zealand Constitution in 1892. Mr. Pattison was born at Burntisland, on the Firth of Forth, in the year 1838. Choosing a seafaring life, he followed that calling for a number of years, but afterwards went to Victoria, where the newly opened goldfields were attracting considerable attention. Mr. Pattison participated in the several “rushes” and met with much success. He crossed the Tasman Sea, and settled down in Riverton about 1860, and during the many years of his residence in New Zealand had been engaged successively in storekeeping, farming, and hotelkeeping. He was latterly well known as proprietor of the Globe Hotel. Mr. Pattison died some time ago.
. This association was incorporated in 1879. Cattle shows are held annually in December, alternately at Thornbnry and at Riverton on the recreation ground, and a grain show is held at Riverton, in June, each year. The society is in a flourishing condition, and there were 104 members in 1904. Mr F. Linseott was president., Mr T. B. McIntyre, vice-president, Mr V. R. Hackworth, treasurer, and Mr B. Hancock, secretary.
was started in 1889. It has ever since been one of the local institutions, and is vested in a committee of the citizens. The band plays in the open air monthly, and, also, at all local gatherings, sometimes gratis. It, has a strength of about twenty, and a large number of solo prizes have been taken by its members. The office-holders are: Mr V. R. Hackworth, president; Mr W. M. Tarlton, vice-president; Mr A. E. Mills, secretary; Mr J. W. Moore, conductor; and Mr T. Mitchell, leader.
, Conductor of the Riverton Brass Band, is a tailor, carrying on an old-established business in Palmerston Street. He was born in Sydney, in 1863, came to New Zealand with his parents, in 1865, and was apprenticed after he left school. He bought his present business in 1888, having previously worked as a journeyman in Invercargill and Queenstown. At one time he had branches at Winton and Bluff, but sold out the former, and closed the latter. Mr Moore was for two years a member of the Borough Council, and one year president of the Football Club. He is a member of Lodge Wallace, Independent Order of Oddfellows, American Constitution, and has gone through the chairs in the Aparima Masonic Lodge. He was for many years a prominent shot, and was one of the crack shooting team of the M Battery. In 1887 he won the championship of the Lake District Association, and in 1888 was second for the Carbine Championship of the New Zealand Rifle Association. As a solo cornet player, he took several prizes, including first at Riverton and at Queenstown, and second at Milton. In 1888, Mr Moore married a daughter of the late Mr William Donne, Town Clerk of Queenstown, and has one son.
, M.B., Ch.B., Riverton. Dr. Gordon was born in 1878, in Dunedin, and is a son of the late Mr Colin McKenzie Gordon, Registrar of the Supreme Court, Dunedin. Dr. Gordon was educated at the Boys' High School, Dunedin, and graduated M.B. and Ch.B. at the Otago University, in 1902. After practising for a year in the Nelson province, he settled at Riverton in 1930.
, Riverton, was opened in 1862, and is a substantial brick building containing a banking chamber, manager's office, and strong-room; together with a private residence.
, Manager of the Bank of New Zealand, Riverton, joined the institution in 1875 at Invercargill. Shortly afterwards he was transferred to Riverton as assistant, and received the appointment of manager in 1895. Mr. Tarlton is vice-president of the Riverton Cricket Club and takes a great interest in the welfare of the district.
, who has been accountant of the Bank of New Zealand at Riverton, since 1894, was born in 1862, in Wellington, and educated at the Bishop's school, Nelson. He joined the staff of the Bank of New Zealand in 1884, at Motueka, and after having served successively at Takaka, Motueka and Invercargill, was appointed accountant of the Riverton
. This branch was taken over in July, 1873, from the Bank of Otago, Mr. Cook being manager at the time. Subsequently, at different periods, the branch was in the charge of Messrs G. W. Brodrick, V. A. Pyke, J. F. Shiel, and F. Woodward. The latter had charge from October, 1879, to April, 1888, when the present manager, Mr. V. R. Hackworth was appointed. The present banking premises were erected in 1882.
, Manager of the Riverton Branch of the National Bank, is the third son of the late Mr. James Hackworth, Collector of Customs at Dunedin, who was a popular public officer. Mr. V. R. Hackworth was born at Nelson in 1857 and educated at the Wellington Grammar School. He joined the bank as a junior at its head office In Wellington in 1873; subsequently, he was advanced to the position of sub-accountant at the Dunedin office, after wards accountant at Nelson, manager at Port Chalmers, and in 1881 was transferred to the Riverton branch. Mr. Hackworth takes a great interest in matters pertaining to the welfare of the Riverton district; and is president of the Riverton Mining Association, and of the Regatta Club, vice-president of the Cricket Club, treasurer of the Riverton Racing Club, and secretary of the Athenæum.
(John Robert Mills and Frederick Carlton Mills) Auctioneers, Land and Estate Agents, Palmerston Street, Riverton.
, the Senior Partner, was born in Tasmania in 1839. He came to Riverton in 1857, and started a store and hotel, which he managed until he established his present business about the year 1879. He took his son into partnership in 1897. Mr Mills was a member of the Riverton Borough Council for about twelve years, and was mayor for four terms, three in succession. He was a member, and also chairman, of the local school committee for several years, and served on the Athenaeum committee, and on the local racing club, for which he was judge for two years. Mr Mills was married, in 1870, and has a family of six sons and four daughters.
, the Junior Partner, was born at Curlton, Melbourne, in 1871, and educated at the Riverton District High School. In 1897 he entered into partnership with his father, Mr John Robert Mills. Mr Mills, who takes a great interest in local sports, was at one time a fair runner. He has been secretary of the Riverton Football and Cricket Clubs, and is a member of committee and starter for the Athletic Club, and a steward and totalisator clerk of the Riverton Racing Club.
, Wood and Coal Merchant, General Carrier and Undertaker, Palmerston Street, Riverton. Mr Johnstone's business was established in 1893, and the office, stable, and workshop are built of wood and iron. Mr Johnstone was born in 1856, in Edinburgh, Scotland, and was educated at Tottenham, England. He came to Port Chalmers, in 1872, by the ship “E. P. Bouverie,” and, after residing for a time at Taieri, was engaged in farming for a number of years. He afterwards sold his farm and went to Victoria, but returned twenty months later, and settled in Riverton, where he has since resided. His private residence is in Palmerston Street, Riverton. Mr Johnstone was appointed a Justice of the Peace in 1901, and has been secretary of the Wallace Liberal Association since 1895. He was married, in 1878, to a daughter of Mr A. Craig, of Ryal Bush, and has, surviving, four sons and live daughters.
(William Gunn. proprietor), Riverton. Bankers, National Bank of New Zealand. This well-appointed and popular hostelry, which adjoins the Riverton Railway Station, was built by the present proprietor about the year 1881, but was leased to a tenant until 1889, when Mr. Gunn himself took over the management, and the business thereupon soon doubled itself. One feature of the establishment is the excellent stabling, which is patronised extensively by the settlers of the district.
, the Proprietor, is a native of Braemore, Caithness, Scotland, where he was born in 1838, and was taught the trade of a builder, chiefly in Edinburgh. He left his native land shortly after attaining his majority, sailing from the Clyde by the ship “Lady Egidia” on the 10th of October, 1860, and arriving at Port Chalmers exactly three months later. Mr. Gunn settled in Oamaru, and was at the Lindis diggings for
, Boot and Shoe Importer, Clothier, Watchmaker and Jeweller, Palmerston Street, Riverton. Mr Woolf has conducted his business since 1879. He has three separate departments, including watchmaking and jewellery, clothing, and boots and shoes, all of which he imports. Mr Woolf was born in 1856, in Oxford, England, where he was educated, and served an apprenticeship to the watchmaking business. He came out to Melbourne in 1876, by the ship “Lord Warden,” and after working at his trade for eighteen months, removed to Dunedin. Later on he settled in Riverton, and established his present business. Mr Woolf is a member of the Aparima Lodge of Freemasons. He was married, in 1890, to a daughter of Mr John Buckley, of County Cork, Ireland, and has one daughter.
, Butcher and Farmer, Palmerston Street, Riverton. Mr Campbell's butchery business was established in 1886 by his father, the late Mr Charles Campbell. On the latter's death, in 1892, Mr Campbell managed the business till June, 1903, when he took it over on his own account. The building is of wood and iron, and contains a shop and office, and a small-goods room. The slaughter-house is on the Riverton-Thornbury road, on a section of about thirty acres ot leasehold land. Mr Campbell was born, in 1879, and was educated in the Riverton district. His father and mother died when he and his four sisters were young, so that considerable responsibility devolved upon him early in life. Mr Campbell served for five years as a volunteer in the Southland Mounted Rifles.
, General Storekeeper, Palmerson Street, Riverton. Mr Twemlow's business was established by himself in 1897, and is conducted in a double-fronted wood and iron building, containing a shop, an office and a store. The proprietor imports and indents part of his stock, and has two stores in other parts of the town. Mr Twemlow was born, in 1869, at Ryal Bush, and was educated in Invercargill. He learned his business with Mr J. S. Baxter, of Invercargill, by whom he was employed for about four years. He was afterwards in the employment of Mr Templeton, of Fortrose, for two years, and in that of Mr Willeit, of Riverton, for six years. Mr Twemlow served in the Riverton Borough Council for four years, and is again (1904–5) a member of that body. He has been a member of the Riverton Sports and Regatta Committee, and of the Football Club, and was for about four years secretary of the Riverton Cycling Club. He is also a tennis player, and was president of the Riverton Tennis Club in 1904. Mr Twemlow was married, in 1898, to a daughter of Mr George E. Fisher, sawmiller, Colac, and has two daughters and one son.
(Alexander Sutherland, proprietor), Riverton. This mill was started in 1904, and is moved about to different parts of the district, as the flax gets cut out. The plant consists of a ten horse-power portable engine, stripper, and usual accessories; and the scutching is done in Invercargill. Sixteen persons are employed in connection with the mill.
, the Proprietor, was born at Inverness, Scotland, in 1851, and three years afterwards arrived with his parents in New South Wales, where, when he grew up, he was employed contracting on stations for ten years, and afterwards took up a small station on his own account, which he held for about five years. Mr Sutherland then spent three or four years in travelling for an auctioneering firm, and went even as far as New Guinea. He came to New Zealand in 1900, when he bought the necessary machinery, and has over since been in the flax-mill business.
, Sawmillers, Riverton. The sawmills of the firm are situated on the Pourukino river, some miles from Riverton. They lie six or seven miles back from the river, with which they are connected by an iron tramway, along which the timber is conveyed by a locomotive to the river, whence it is sent to Riverton in punts, towed by a steam launch. No. 2 mill was erected in 1904, and the plant comprises a fourteen horsepower boiler, a twenty-five horsepower stationary engine, a planing machine, and an eight horse-power hauling engine, with the usual fittings. Hauling is done by bullocks at No. 1 mill, which, though much smaller than the other mill, is also completely equipped, and power is supplied by a twelve horse-power portable engine. The two mills employ altogether about thirty persons.
, the Senior Partner, who started the first sawmill in Riverton, settled in New Zealand over forty-two years ago. He has had a varied career, having been an engineer, miner, station-owner, and sawmiller. Mr More has now (1904) been sawmilling for nearly forty years.
, one of the partners in the firm, acts as manager at the mills. He is the eldest son of Mr James More, was born in 1872, in Riverton, where he was educated, and has followed sawmilling since leaving school. As an engineer, he holds a second-class service certificate. Mr More was married, in 1899, to a daughter of Mr M. Tweedie, flour-miller, Riverton, and has one daughter.
, junior, one of the partners in the firm of James More and Sons, is a son of the senior partner. He was born at Riverton in 1874, has always followed sawmilling, and became a partner in the firm in 1899. He is bush manager at the mills. Mr More has competed successfully in rowing, running and chopping, and was formerly an enthusiastic footballer.
, one of the partners in the sawmilling firm of James More and Sons, is the youngest son of Mr James More. He was born on the 24th of December, 1881, at Riverton, where he was educated, and, like his brothers, he has followed sawmilling since leaving school. He entered the firm in 1901, and drives its locomotive, holding first-class locomotive and traction engine certificates. Mr More is a member of Lodge Wallace, Independent Order of Oddfellows, No. 35, American Constitution. He has competed successfully at sawing contests.
, Manager of Messrs James More and Sons' timber yard, Riverton, was born at Christchurch, in 1876, and educated at Winton and Riverton. For some years he worked in Mr Tweedie's flour-mill at Riverton, and was also engaged in farm work. He then took up sawmill work, and was appointed to his present position in January, 1903. Mr McNickel has been a member of the Riverton Band since his eighteenth year, and now plays solo cornet. He is attached to Lodge Wallace. Independent Order of Oddfellows, No. 35, American Constitution.
(Trail. Brothers and E. K. Smythies, proprietors); offices, Palmerston Street, Riverton. The Pourakino sawmill is situated on a bend of the Pourakino river, some distance above Riverton. The plant includes a twenty horse-power boiler, an eighteen horsepower engine, two benches, a planing machine, a seven horse-power hauling engine, and a force pump to use in case of fire. The average output is 100,000 feet of timber per month, and this is conveyed from the mill to Riverton by punts, and the steam launch “Edina,” of ten horse-power, and forty feet by ten feet beam. Including the partners, twenty persons are employed at the mill.
, one of the partners who own the Pourakino mill, was born at Mount Linton, Manapouri, in 1869, and educated at Riverton. He took to sawmill work on leaving school, but from 1894 to 1899 gave up the work to follow mining in Otago and at Preservation Inlet. In March, 1899, the partners established the Pourakino sawmill. Mr Trail is a member of the committee of the Riverton Rowing Club, and of the Regatta Committee. He is attached to Wallace Lodge, Independent Order of Oddfellows, American Constitution. Mr Trail was married, in 1902, to a daughter of Mr F. Roe, hotelkeeper, Riverton, and has one daughter.
, Of the firm of Trail Brothers and Smythies, was born and educated at Riverton. He has followed sawmilling ever since leaving school, and joined his brothers and Mr Smythies in establishing the Pourakino mill, in 1899. Mr Trail is a member of the Riverton Rowing Club, and has taken part in rowing contests. He is also a member of Lodge Wallace, Independent Order of Oddfellows, No. 35, American Constitution.
, one of the partners in the firm of Trail Brothers and Smithies, acts as the firm's yard manager at Riverton. He was born in 1878, at South Riverton, where he was educated and brought up to tailoring. After spending between two and three years at his trade he went on to a farm for a year, and then followed up sawmill work for some time in various parts of Southland. Mr Trail afterwards engaged in mining, and in 1899, joined his brothers and Mr Smythies in establishing the Pourakino sawmill. He has been a member of the Athletic Club committee for three years, a member of the Cycling Club, and of the Riverton Football and Rowing Clubs. Mr Trail was also a successful runner at sports held in Otago and Southland, and he is attached to Lodge Wallace, American Constitution, Independent Order of Oddfellows. He was married, in 1903, to a daughter of the late Mr Charles Campbell, butcher, Riverton.
, Of the firm of Trail Brothers and Smythies, was born in 1880, at Riverton. where he was educated. After leaving school, he engaged at sawmill work in various capacities until becoming a partner in the present firm, in 1899. Mr Trail has rowed in the
, one of the partners in the sawmilling firm of Trail Brothers and Smythies, manages the office work of the firm at the office in Palmerston Street, Riverton. He was born at Onehunga, in 1857, and educated in Dunedin at Shaw's School—of which Mr Robert Stout (now Chief Justice Sir Robert Stout) was assistant master—and at the Dunedin High School. After leaving school he went to England, where he was clerk in a merchant's office for four years. On returning to the colony, Mr Smythies went into the coal trade in Dunedin, and afterwards acted as manager of claims or mines at Switzers, Nokomai, and Preservation Inlet, for some time before settling at Riverton, where he joined Messrs Trail Brothers in establishing the Pourakino sawmill in 1899. Mr Smythies is a member of the Riverton Borough Council, and also of the Hospital Trust, a member of the committee of the Riverton Racing and Athletic Clubs and vice-president of the Riverton Rowing Club. He was married, in 1891, to a daughter of the late Mr. William Rutherford, of Edinburgh.
, Manager of Messrs Trail Brothers' and Smythies' Pourakino sawmill, was born at Manipouri, in 1866, and educated at Riverton to which he was taken in 1874. He was employed at various sawmills throughout the district, before being appointed manager of the Pourakino mill, in 1902. Mr Trail holds a second-class service certificate as driver of stationary engines. He was married, in 1897, to a daughter of Mr James Trapper, of Invercargill, and has four sons and one daughter.
, Sawmiller, Riverton. Mr. Watson was born in Sydney in 1857, and came to Riverton in his infancy with his father, Mr. John Rowan Watson, at one time ferryman on the Aparima and Pourakino rivers. Mr. Watson was educated by Mr. Ross, who conducted the subsidiary school across the Aparima river, before the present bridge was built. He was engaged in bush work and bridge building for about fourteen years, and in 1885 started a saw-mill at Pahia, which he worked until 1890, when the machinery was removed to its present site. The plant, which is driven by a twelve horse-power engine, is capable of sawing 3000 feet per diem. Trade is principally confined to timber for building purposes, railway sleepers, and “junks,” which are chiefly of rimu, totara, matai, miro, and kamai. Mr. Watson was married in 1889 to the fourth daughter of Mr. Robert Frew, of South Riverton.
, Farmer, “Beachview,” Riverton. Mr Dundas was born in Edinburgh, Scotland, in 1854, and came to Dunedin 1862, by the ship “Bombay.” His father took up a run in the Manapouri district, where he worked after leaving school, and he was also employed for some time on one of the old current wheel-dredges on the Molyneux. Mr Dundas took up claims for a syndicate at the time of the tin rush at Stewart Island, where he stayed for six months. After working for a year on the Waipapa dredge, he took charge of the Six Mile dredge (Welman suction), and three years later returned to Stewart Island, where he was prospecting for a time on the Cascade river. With his brother, Mr Dundas held claims at the Waiau, where they cut a large race, which, however, proved a failure. He then took up a cattle run at Mason's Bay, Stewart Island, before settling at Riverton, in January, 1904. “Beachview” comprises about 157 acres of land, part of which is freehold, and part leasehold, and is worked as a grazing farm.
(Dr. Young, Invercargill, proprietor), Riverton. This property consists of 300 acres, partly cleared, but on part of it there is still some beautiful bush. Mixed farming is carried on.
, Manager of Waldeck estate, was born in Coleraine, Ireland, in 1854, and brought up on his father's farm. When about twenty years of age, he came to Dunedin by the ship “Christian McCausland,” and spent several years at general farm work and on the West Coast railways. He afterwards took up a large farm on the coast, but he was not successful, owing to floods in the Grey river, killing stock and doing other damage Then he removed to Southland, where for some years he had an interest in the Hokonui coal mine. He was appointed to his present position as manager of Waldeck estate in 1900. Mr Mitchell was married, in 1875, to a daughter of Mr McShefrie, farmer, Coleraine, Ireland, and has one daughter.
, who was for some time landlord of the Commercial Hotel at Riverton, was born at Peterhead, near Aberdeen, Scotland, in 1849, educated at the Free Church school, and brought up to the trade of a blacksmith. On coming to Port Chalmers in 1873 by the ship “Wild Deer,” he joined his brother at Invercargill, and they carried on business as general blacksmiths. In 1893, he took charge of Mr. Joseph Hatch's sealing party at Macquarie Islands, and on his return from the expedition was employed in the Southland Farmers' Implement and Engineering Company's service until 1898, when he leased the Commercial Hotel. Mr. Sangster is a skilful musician, and was bandmaster of the 1st Aberdeenshire Volunteer Artillery Band before he left his native land. He was conductor of the Invercargill Volunteer Band. While he resided at the Bluff he was a member of the Campbelltown Borough Council, and on one occasion unsuccessfully contested the mayoralty with the Hon. J. G. Ward, now Sir Joseph Ward. He is an old member of the Masonic Order. Mr. Sangster was married in 1878 to a daughter of the late Mr. William Martin, of Invercargill.
is a favourite resort for picnic parties and excursionists throughout the summer and autumn months. The bay is about one mile from the railway station, and is of horseshoe shape, with the wooded settlements of Oraki and Colac on its sides. Colac Bay is on the south coast, between Oraki Point and Howell's Point, with Pig Island and Centre Island in the offing. The station is seven miles from Riverton, on the Invercargill-Orepuki line of railway, and stands at an elevation of ninety-seven feet above the level of the sea. The district has a public school, post office, telephone bureau, a Presbyterian church, an hotel, two stores, two butchers' shops, a blacksmith's shop and a bakery. Colac, too, has a very good rifle corps, with a large drill shed, a football club, an athletic society, and a lodge of the Order of Druids. There is a native settlement a short distance from the township, and the public school is situated midway between the two places. A flaxmill and several sawmills are at work in the district. Not far from the railway line there is a very pretty sheet of water, surrounded by bush, and known as Lake St. George. Colac Bay is in the electorate of Wallace, and in the Orepuki riding of the county of Wallace, and, at the census of 1901, it had a population of fifty-one.
is conducted in a building attached to Mr J. Harrison's store.
, who acts as Postmaster at Colac Bay, is the senior partner of the firm which owns the Round Hill store and tramway. He was born at Chiswick, Middlesex, England, in 1878, arrived in New Zealand in 1880, and was educated at Invercargill. Mr Nicholas removed to the Riverton district in 1898, and worked with Messrs W. Guthrie and Co. for three years, and with the Bank of New Zealand for over a year. He was storekeeping at Round Hill for about fifteen months for Mr T. R. Anderson, and was then in the store of Mr J. Harrison, Colac Bay, until he was appointed postmaster in 1903. Mr Nicholas is secretary of the Oraki Lodge of Druids, secretary and colour-sergeant of the Colac Bay Rifles, and treasurer of the Presbyterian church. He holds the district agency for the Royal Insurance Company.
, Storekeepers, Colac Bay. This firm was established in 1902, and a general grocery and drapery business is carried on.
, the Junior Partner, was born at Motherwell, Scotland, in 1871, and four years later came to New Zealand with his parents, who took up a farm at Palmerston South. The family afterwards removed to Lipton, where, after leaving school, Mr Harrison was in a store for about four years. He then had charge of the Southland Co-operative Society's store for about eighteen months, was afterwards with Mathieson and Co. for fifteen months, and was in a store at Stirling for six years before settling at Colac Bay, in 1902. During his residence in Invercargill, Mr Harrison was a member of the Appleby Cricket Club, and is now deputy-captain of the Colac Bay Football Club. He married a daughter of Mr Robert Harper, farmer, County Monaghan, Ireland.
(A. S. Otway and Co., Invercargill, proprietors), Colac. This mill is completely equipped and possesses a twelve horse-power portable engine (Robey), one of the New Zealand Engineering Company's double drive strippers, and the usual plant, including a three-men scutcher. Fibre from the Waiau mill, which is owned by the same firm, is scutched here, and there is an up-to-date baling press, driven by steam. About eighteen persons are employed at the mill, as well as two carters and six flax-cutters.
, Manager of the Colac Bay Flax Mill, was born, in 1871, at Brighton, on the Taieri, and educated at Outram. After leaving school he took to engine-driving, and now holds a first-class certificate as a driver of stationary engines, as well as certificates for locomotives and portable engines. Mr Campbell was for three years manager of a dairy factory, at West Taieri, and for three years engineer on the Empire Company's dredge at Waipori, and afterwards bought a threshing plant, which he ran only for one season. He was then appointed engineer at the Colac Bay flax mill, and, later, manager. Mr Campbell served as a member of the Tuapeka Mounted Rifles for about eighteen months.
(New Zealand Pine Company, proprietors), Colac. This mill possesses a most complete plant, including a thirty horse-power engine, with a boiler of 120 pounds pressure; and there are three benches, a crane, two planers, a twenty-five horse-power locomotive, and ten horse-power, and nine and a-half horse-power hauling engines. The average weekly output is about 45,000 feet of timber.
, Manager of the Colac Bay sawmill, was born in 1864, at Kentishberry, Tasmania, and came to Invercargill in 1876, with his parents, who settled at One Tree Point. He has always followed sawmilling, and has gone
(McCallum and Company, proprietors), Colac. Messrs McCallum and Company have two sawmills at Colac, numbered 3 and 6 respectively. The mills are some distance apart, although on the same line of tramway. The tramway has iron rails, and a locomotive is employed to haul the timber to the railway siding at Colac. At No. 3 mill the plant comprises a twenty horse-power engine and boiler, two benches, two planing machines, and a blacksmith's shop. At No. 6 mill there is an eighteen horsepower portable engine and two benches. Three hauling engines are jointly employed, two of seven horse-power, and one of eight horse-power. Thirty persons are employed at the two mills, and the average daily output of timber is 7,500 feet.
, Manager of McCallum and Company's No. 3 and No. 6 mills at Colac Bay, was born in Edinburgh, Scotland, in 1869, and came, with his partents, to New Zealand, in 1876. He learned sawmill work in the Oteramika district, has followed it ever since, and was appointed to his present position in 1901. Mr Sutherland was married, in 1895, to a daughter of the late Mr Thomas Swale, of Invercargill, and has four daughters.
, Timber Yard Manager at Messrs Mc-Callum and Company's No. 3 and No. 6 mills at Colac Bay, was born in 1868, at Kentishberry, Tasmania, came to New Zealand, with his parents, in 1867, and was educated at Longbush. With the exception of four years spent in mining on the Long-wood (1896–1900) his time, since he left school, has been devoted to sawmill work. He was appointed to his present position at Colac in 1900. Mr Dawson is a member of the Colac Bay school committee, and is Past Arch of the Oraki Lodge of Druids, having twice passed through the chairs of his lodge. He served in the Invercargill City Guards, and is now sergeant in the Colac Bay Rifles, and a member of their shooting team. Mr Dawson was married, in 1901, to a daughter of Mr William Brown, blacksmith. Invercargill, and has two sons and four daughters.
, Engineer at Messrs McCallum and Company's No. 6 sawmill, Colac Bay, was born in 1875, at Winton, where he was educated. On leaving school, he started sawmill work with Messrs McCallum and Company, with whom he has continued ever since. He was first employed at their Longbush mill, and was appointed to his present position at Colac Bay in 1902. Mr Pumphry holds a second-class certificate as a driver of stationary engines. He is attached to the Ancient Order of Foresters, and was for three years a member of the Kennington contingent of the Invercargill Rifles. Mr. Pumphry was
, Colac Bay. This mill has been established in the district for about twelve years, and the plant consists of a fourteen horse-power portable engine, two benches, a planing machine, and a six horse-power hauling engine. The average weekly output is between 25,000 and 30,000 feet of timber.
, the Senior Partner (private address, Palmerston Street, Riverton) was born in 1839, at Catrine, Ayrshire, Scotland, where he was educated. He came to Port Chalmers by the ship “Ben Lomond,” in 1862, and spent some years on the Nokomai and Waikawa diggings. Mr Fisher then worked at sawmills for several years, and, in 1884, started a mill on his own account at Clifton. He removed to Colac Bay in 1892. Whilst at Clifton, he was for some years a member of the school committee. Mr Fisher was married, in 1862, to a daughter of Mr. A. Gibson, builder, Catrine, Scotland, and has two sons and one daughter.
is a sawmilling district on the Invercargill-Orepuki line of railway; its flag station is thirty-six miles from Invercargill, seven from Orepuki, and three from the celebrated Colac Bay. The station stands at an elevation of 102 feet above the level of the sea. Wakapatu is in the Wallace electorate, and in the Orepuki riding of the county of Wallace, and its population, at the census of 1901, was twenty-eight. There are two sawmills right alongside the railway station, and sawmilling appears to be the only industry. There is a Maori settlement in the district, which is bounded by the south coast, and extends to Wakapatu Point, between Oraki Point and Pahia Point.
(William John Perry, proprietor), Wakapatu. This mill, which has cutting rights over some fine timber country, is situated close to the Wakapatu siding, with which it is connected by a tramway. It has an up.to-date plant, including a twenty horse-power boiler and engine, planing machine, and ten horse-power hauling engine; and there is an output of from 60,000 to 70,000 feet of timber per month. The proprietor owns another mill at Oraki (between Colac Bay and Riverton), at which the monthly output is between 50,000 and 60,000 feet; and this mill also has a complete and up-to-date plant.
, the Proprietor, was born in 1847, at Bodmin, Cornwall, England, and educated there and at Falmouth, where he served his apprenticeship to the shipbuilding trade. He landed at Wellington in 1872, and proceeded to Invercargill, where he engaged in contract work as a carpenter and bridge-builder for some time.
Shortly after settling in Southland, however, he saw the possibility of the timber trade, and has carried on sawmilling ever since. Mr Perry was married, in 1870, to a daughter of Mr John Jenkin of Cornwall, England, and has a family of six sons and two daughters. All the sons are engaged in sawmilling.
, Engineer at Mr W. J. Perry's Wakapatu sawmill, is the holder of a second-class competency certificate for stationary engines. He was born in Dunedin, in 1883, and was educated at Riverton, whither his parents had moved when he was a child. For some time after he left school he worked on farms, and when sixteen years of age, started engine-driving at sawmills. He has for a number of years been constantly engaged in engine-driving, and joined the staff of the Pahia mill in January, 1904. Mr Clearwater is a member of the Aparima Lodge of Oddfellows.
is a portion of the Wallace electorate, and lies within the Orepuki riding of the county of Wallace. The population of the township at the census of 1901 was 178. Round Hill is not far from Colac Bay, and only two miles distant from Wakapatu flag station, on the Orepuki line of railway, and is connected with both places by bush tramways. The settlement took its rise in 1874, when gold was discovered in the locality, by miners from Orepuki. The discoverers took up claims, and secured water rights, but did not appear to be successful. Then some Chinese miners came along, and to these the Europeans sold their rights in the field. The Chinese had not been long at work when it was proved that the Europeans had worked only on a false bottom, beneath which there were large quantities of gold. At one time the population consisted of from 500 to 600 Chinese, of whom, however, only from twenty-five to thirty remain now—1904–5. The best mines consist of some three or four large sluicing and elevating claims. Round Hill township stands on a bluff, on three sides of which the ground has been sluiced away. In the centre of the township there is a Chinese josshouse, which contains some interesting specimens of Chinese handiwork. Round Hill has an hotel, a store, a post office, a public library, and a school.
is conducted at the store of Mr G. C. Batcheler.
, who acts as Postmaster, is a general storekeeper at Round Hill, and also owns the tramway between Colac Bay and Round Hill. Mr Batcheler was born in 1882, at Athol, and educated at Dipton, Oraki and Colac Bay. On leaving school, he worked at blacksmithing and pipe-rivetting, and was subsequently for a few months at a gold-mining claim at Parawa. After a short time in a store at Colac, he went to the shale works at Orepuki, and was then working in a store near Stratford, in the North Island, for a time. He started the Round Hill store with Mr Nicholas in January, 1904, but afterwards bought his partner's interest. Mr Batcheler is superintendent of the Colac Bay Presbyterian Sunday school, and treasurer of the church, a member of the Colac Bay Rifles, and also of the Oraki Lodge of Druids. He is agent at Colac for the Royal Fire Insurance Company.
, Round Hill; registered office, Esk Street, Invercargill; legal manager, Mr R. Erskine. This company, which was floated in 1894, has been very successful; and, on the ground now being worked, the metal is being elevated sixty-five feet. There are two lines of thirteen-inch pipes—No. 1 line, 446 feet, having a dead pressure of 195 feet, and No. 2 line, of 300 feet, having a dead pressure of 125 feet. The plant includes an eight horse-power hydraulic engine, driven by a Pelton wheel.
, Mine Manager for the Ourawera Company, Round Hill, was born at Churchill, Oxford, England, in 1863, and arrived in Invercargill in 1875. After leaving school, he entered the confectionery business, but, tiring of this, he started sawmill work, which he followed for six years and a-half. Mr Couling spent several years in contracting and waggoning, two years at bricklaying, and a few months at meat freezing works. In January, 1896, he began at the Ourawera claim as a labourer, and in 1900 was appointed manager. When in Invercargill, he served in the Invercargill Rifles, and was a member of the Invercargill Orchestral Society; and, as a Forester, he has been a member of Court Star of the South, Invercargill, for twenty-three years. Mr Couling is now a member of the Round Hill school committee, and also of the Anglican church committee, and leader of the choir. He married a daughter of the late Mr J. Meflin, of Forfarshire, Scotland, and has four sons and three daughters.
is forty miles from Invercargill, on the Orepuki branch line of railway. At the census of 1901, the village and neighbourhood had a population of 151. The
(Timpany Brothers, proprietors), Pahia. This mill employs twenty men, and is distant about a mile and a-half from the Pahia siding. The plant is a very complete one, and includes a sixteen horse-power engine, two benches, two planing machines, ten horse-power, and eight horse-power hauling engines, a swing saw for slabs, and a bench for box work. There is a winch for the breaking-down bench, and a force-pump for use in case of fire. The daily output is about 6,000 feet.
, Manager of the mill, has his home at Makarewa, where he holds a seven-acre freehold and a seven-roomed house. He was born at Greenock, Scotland, in 1859, and arrived at the Bluff in 1874. Having, in his capacity as a carpenter, been connected with the building of several sawmills, Mr Cook drifted into sawmill work, and was for some time manager of the Pine Company's Wright's Bush mill. He took charge of the Pahia mill in 1904. Mr Cook is chairman of the Makarewa Domain Board, and was for some years on the Makarewa school committee. In 1884, he married a daughter of the late Mr Charles Tulloch, sawmiller, of Invercargill, and has five sons and three daughters.
(Messrs Watson Brothers and Harrington, proprietors), Pahia. This mill is situated within a short distance of the Pahia railway siding.
, Engine-driver and machinist at Watson and Harrington's sawmill, is a son of Mr Michael Cussen, ganger on the Orepuki line. He was born at Riverton in 1882, educated at Pahia, and followed farm work for some years. In 1901 he started work at the sawmills, and afterwarde took to engine-driving. He holds a second-class competency certificate for stationary engines. Mr Cussen is a member of Lodge Wallace, Independent Order of Oddfellows, American Constitution.
, Farmer, Pahia. Mr Crow owns a farm of 240 acres, between Pahia and Orepuki, and carries on mixed farming, principally grazing. He was born in Nelson, in June, 1844, and is the son of a very old colonist, who was the first butcher in Dunedin. For some years Mr Crow worked on stations, and joined the first “rush” to Gabriel's Gully. He was for many years afterwards engaged in mining, and was one of the first to start work at the Orepuki diggings. He was also at sea for a short period. In 1879. he took up a farm at Pahia, but sold it later on, in order to take up his present farm. He was one of the first members of the Sons of Perseverance Lodge of Oddfellows, at Riverton. Mr Crow married a daughter of the late Mr David Key Smith, of Spear Grass Flat, in 1893, and has a family of two sons and four daughters.
, Farmer, Pahia. Mr McPherson, who is one of the pioneer settlers of Pahia, has a fine farm of 600 acres, not far from the railway siding, on which he conducts mixed farming. He was born, in 1842, at Kilkinzie, Argyleshire, Scotland, and was educated at Oatfields school. After leaving school, he became a shepherd, and spent some years in that occupation. In 1863, he arrived in New Zealand by the ship “Helenslea.” He was engaged for some years in stockdroving in Southland, and in 1873, in partnership with Mr W. B. Kingswell, he bought the Pahia run. Later on, he carried on a butchery business at Orepuki, but this is now conducted by one of his sons.
Mr McPherson's present farm was bought in 1875. Mr McPherson has been for five years chairman of the Pahia school committee, and he was for five years a member of the Wallace County Council. He is a Master Mason in the Aparima Lodge, Riverton. In 1877, he married a daughter of the late Mr Peter Crow, of Riverton, and has three sons and three daughters.
on the cliffs overlooking the ocean at Tewaewae Bay is known by the name of
is one of the oldest in Southland, having been opened about 1862. Formerly, the Warden—Mr. Nugent Wood, of Waikaia—visited the township monthly, and used a portion of the station as a court. Sergeant Morton was one of the first officers appointed in charge of the district, which covers an area of over 100 square milles.
, formerly Officer-in-charge of the Orepuki sub-district was born in Downham Market, Norfolk, England, in 1853, He joined the Isle of Ely police force of Cambridgeshire, and served for about three years, when he resigned, and left England in 1875, for Port Chalmers, In the ship “Janet Cowan.” On his arrival he joined the Otago Provincial police force, under Commissioner Weldon, and was stationed successively at Lowther, where he was in charge. Bluff, and at Mataura. Constable Fretwell opened the Wyndham Police Station, and was afterwards transferred to Gore, where he remained seven years. On being transferred to Orepuki in 1891, the mayor and citizens of Gore presented him with an Illuminated address and Maltese
at an elevation of 157 feet above the level of the sea, and is forty-three miles from Invercargill, and seventeen from Riverton. The line has recently been extended five miles beyond to Waihoaka, which is the present (1904–5) terminus. The station is built of wood and iron, and has separate entrances for the postal and railway departments. It contains a ladies' waiting-room, a public ticket lobby, and an official workroom. There is a telephone bureau, and a number of private boxes in the postal division. A large passenger platform is available for traffic purposes, and the other buildings include the engine-shed, goods shed, and several railway cottages.
, Postmaster and Stationmaster at Orepuki, who was born in Riverton, is the second son of Mr. J. Bell, Deputy-Registrar of the Supreme Court, Invercargill, and formerly manager of the old bank of Otago (now the National Bank). Mr. Bell joined the Railway Department at Invercargill as a cadet, rising in the service until he was appointed to his present position in 1803. He is married to a daughter of the late Captain John Howell, one of the pioneers of Southland.
. This school was opened many years ago. The number on the roll is 162, with an average attendance of 135. The staff is comprised of Mr. H. P. Young (headmaster), Miss Lea (mistress), and two pupil teachers.
, Head master, was born in Victoria, and traiued in Otago. He received his present appoint ment in 1882.
, Orepuki, occupies a pretty site of an acre in extent, and services are held once every Sunday. There is a Sunday school, with a roll of thirty-five children, in charge of three teachers. The vicar of Riverton visits Orepuki periodically, and is assisted by lay readers.
is a four-page weekly newspaper, which circulates throughout Southland. Each page consists of seven columns, and there are usually about fifteen columns of reading matter, apart from a two-page supplement. The proprietor is Mr William James Lyon, who also acts as editor, and has conducted the journal since February, 1903. Mr Lyon was born, in 1872, in Invercargill, and was educated in the district. He was brought up to the newspaper business from his youth, and commenced on his own account in 1893. In addition to running the “Orepuki Advocate,” Mr Lyon has a printing business in Invercargill.
, Physician and Surgeon, Orepuki. Dr. Stockwell was born in England, in 1849, studied for his profession at St. Mary's Hospital, London, and graduated M.R.C.S. in 1871. He practised in the Old Country for several years, and came to Port Chalmers in 1880, as surgeon on the ship “Margaret Galbraith.” Dr. Stockwell practised at Mataura Bridge, and also at Wyndham before settling at Orepuki. He was married, in 1872, to a daughter of the late Mr Thomas Kent, of St. Pierre, France, and has two sons and two daughters.
, Commission Agent, Falls Creek Road, Orepuki. Mr Johnston was born in Edinburgh, Scotland, on the 31st of August, 1851. He was brought out to the colony when a child, by his father, in 1853, by the ship “Rajah,” and was educated at Puerua. Mr Johnston began to engage in mining early in life, working in both Otago and Southland. In 1876 he settled at Orepuki and was for some time employed on the survey staff, after which he again took up mining, and followed it successfully for many years. As a volunteer, Mr Johnston was one of the organisers of the Orepuki rifles, but had to retire from the corps owing to an accident to his knee. For some years he was secretary of the Orepuki Miners' Association, and has been for some time secretary of the Liberal and Labour Federation at Orepuki. Mr Johnston commenced business as a commission agent in 1903, and is agent for the Royal Fire Insurance Company and the Australian Mutual Provident Life Office. He was married, in 1877, to a daughter of the late Mr John Wilson, of Riverton, and has, surviving, a family of six sons and six daughters.
(Frederick Herman Wilson, proprietor) Dover Street, Orepuki. This hotel was built by the proprietor in 1899. It is a wood and iron building of two stories, and contains twenty-seven rooms, exclusive of those required by
, the Proprietor, was born at Riverton in April, 1863, and educated at Orepuki. He was engaged in farming for a time, and afterwards in mining, and then took the Ranfurly Hotel, Orepuki, of which he was lessee for eight years, before acquiring the Family Hotel. Mr Wilson served as a volunteer in the Orepuki Hussars during the existence of that corps. He was married, in 1892, to a daughter of the late Mr John Forbes, of Orepuki, and has one son and one daughter.
(Andrew McFarlane, proprietor) corner of Dover Street, opposite railway station, Orepuki. This hotel is a handsome two-storey wood and iron building, and commands a splendid view. It contains twenty-three bedrooms, six sitting rooms, and a dining room. The dining-room is a fine apartment, and can easily accommodate from thirty to forty persons, while on special occasions the accommodation can be doubled by the addition of a second table. There is also a travellers' sample room. For the convenience of sportsmen, the proprietor has a camp at the Waiau river, where there is good fishing, and a conveyance to the camp can be obtained at the hotel.
, the Proprietor, was born in 1875, at Chinaman's Flat, Talbot, Victoria. He was educated at the Middle School, Invercargill, and was brought up as a baker, by his father. Mr McFarlane was afterwards for four years in partnership with his brother in the bakery business in Invercargill, before acquiring the Masonic Hotel at Orepuki in 1900. He served for about four years as a volunteer in the Invercargill City Guards, and was for two years a member of the City Band.
, General Merchant, Dover Street, Orepuki. Mr. Garden acquired his business in 1900 from Mr J. A. Adamson. The premises, which stand on a freehold of a quarter of an acre, consist of a large double-fronted shop, which provides ample accommodation for the several departments of the business, including grocery, ironmongery, crockery and general merchandise. Mr Garden indents his goods, chiefly from Europe. He was born in 1867, in Riverton, where he was educated and brought up to farming, in which he was engaged till be bought his present business. As a volunteer, Mr Garden was for some time a member of the Orepuki Rifles. He was also chairman of the Pahia school committee for some time. In 1895. he was married to a daughter of the late Captain George Thomson of Pahia, and at one time harbour master of the Bluff, and has one son and two daughters.
at Orepuki is situated in the outskirts of the township. The plant comprises a sixteen horse-power stationary engine, a boiler of 120 pounds pressure, two benches, two planing machines, and two hauling engines of eight and nine horsepower respectively. Cutting rights are held over 800 acres of fine bush. Sixteen men are employed at the mill, and the monthly output is about 100,000 feet of timber.
, Manager of the mill, was born in 1872, at Invercargill, where he was educated. His father was a sawmiller, and Mr Roff has been in the sawmilling trade since he was thirteen years of age, and has managed mills for the Southland Sawmilling Company for seven years. He was a member of the Bluff Navals for three years, is attached to the Order of Rechabites, and also takes an interest in athletics. Mr Roff was married, in 1900, to a daughter of Mr Sinclair Young, sawmiller, Invercargill, and has one daughter.
, Yard Manager for the Southland Sawmilling Company, at Orepuki, was born in Christchurch, in 1877. In 1884 his parents removed to Longbush where he was educated, and after working on a farm for some time, he started sawmill work. He was engaged in engine-driving at a sawmill for a time, and managed yards at Tisbury, One Tree
(Messrs Fortune and Cross, proprietors), Orepuki This mill is situated near Te Tumutu siding, and the plant comprises a fourteen horse-power portable engine, six horse-power hauling engine, two benches, two planing machines, and a complete equipment. About eighteen men are employed and the daily output averages from 3,500 to 4,000 feet.
, the Junior Partner, was born at Nuneaton, Warwickshire, England, in 1867, and came to New Zealand in 1879. His parents settled at Fernhill, in the Winton district, and after leaving school he learned the trade of a painter and paperhanger. Mr Cross settled in the Orepuki district in 1888, and followed mining until the Te Tumutu sawmill was started in 1901. He still holds an interest in the “Undaunted” claim. Mr Cross is a deacon in the local Presbyterian church, and was superintendent of the Sunday school. He is a member of the school committee, and also of the Public Library Committee, and for ten years he took a leading part in football and cricket. He has been Lodge Deputy of the Independent Order of Good Templars.
Mr Cross was married, in 1893, to a daughter of Mr James Fortune, of Orepuki, and has one son and one daughter.
, Farmer, Orepuki. Mr Printz, who is a son of the late Mr G. V. Printz, of Pahia, was born in 1874, at Riverton, and educated there and at the Boys' High School, Dunedin. He was for a time in engineering works at Invercargill, and afterwards worked for several years on his father's property. On the death of his father, Mr Printz acquired his present farm, but he still manages the various portions of the estate left by his father. He has taken part in football matches, and in sports generally, at both Dunedin and Orepuki. Mr Printz was married, in 1901, to a daughter of the late Captain George Thomson, of Forest Hill, and has one daughter.
, Stationowner, Orepuki. Mr Printz is the fourth son of the late Mr G. V. Printz,
, Farmer, “Fairhope,” Orepuki. Mr Riddle was born at Sprouston, Roxburghshire, Scotland, in 1834, and early gained a knowledge of farming, especially in connection with stock. He had charge of a small estate for four years before coming to Port Chalmers, in 1866, by the ship “Militia.” On his arrival, he proceeded to the Clydevale estate of the New Zealand and Australian Land Company, as head shepherd, and afterwards had charge of the Lincoln sheep, on the Woodlands station, for about six years. Mr Riddle managed the Oaklands station for eight years and a-half, and then took up land at Wyndham and Pahia successively, before taking up his present farm of 276 acres at Orepuki. He was chairman of the Pahia school committee for many years, and had previously been a member of the Woodlands and Wallacetown committees. Mr Riddle was married, in 1856, to a daughter of the late Mr William Crichton, of Berwickshire, Scotland, who, at her death, left him three sons and five daughters. In 1877, he married a daughter of the late Rev. Mr Stevens, Presbyterian minister at Wallacetown, and there are eight sons and four daughters by this marriage. Mrs Riddle is one of the contributors to the Otago Witness, and has written both verse and prose for other papers.
, J.P., was born in Glasgow, Scotland, on the 5th day of May, 1841, and his father was Mr. Robert Cassels, hat manufacturer, of that city. At the early age of thirteen years. Mr. Cassels accompanied the family to Melbourne, and after arriving In that city on the 13th of September, 1854, obtained a situation in a gold broker's office. He soon afterwards went to Gisborne, an up country township forty miles from Mei bourne, where he found employment, and, subsequently, at Castlemaine, as a stockkeeper. In 1856, Mr. Cassels crossed over to New Zealand in the ship “Gil Blas,” under engagement to Mr. William Cameron, of Centre Island, near Riverton. He was sent with a mob of sheep from Fortification station, Hindon, Upper Taieri (afterwards owned by Messrs Boyd Bros.), to Waicola station, beyond Otautau. Accompanied by the late Mr. N. Bates, he then proceeded to the Glenquoich station, beyond Dome Pass, where they erected the first hut on the property; after negotiating the Pass with a dray, a very difficult and hazardous undertaking. In the following year, together with his brother, the late Mr. Henry Cassels, he revisited the country adjacent to the Nevis Range, where they erected a hut for the late Mr. Trotter. Some years afterwards, when the gold “rush” to the Nokomal took place, Mr. Cassels commenced to carry merchandise and stores to the field from Riverton, freight being charged at the rate of £55 per ton. When the “rush” extended to Lake Wakatipu. he entered into partnership with Messrs. Daniels and Barrett, of the Nokomai, storekeepers. At one time they took a dray load of provisions, etc., to Kingston, which they sold out in less than an hour, receiving as much as £2 10s. for a fifty pound bag of flour. Mr. Cassels' next enterprise was the purchase of a whaleboat, which he placed upon Lake Wakatipu for the conveyance of the mails from Kingston to Queenstown, under a twelve months' contract. On the expiration of that period, he dissolved partnership with Messrs. Daniels and Barrett, but continued the carrying business to Kingston for a further length of time, after which he took up a section at Steven's Bush, Jacob's River district, and brought it under cultivation. Mr. Cassels was one of a party which unsuccessfully prospected Lake Te Anau. and afterwards engaged in a similar expedition on the Longwood Ranges, near Riverton. He participated in more than one dangerous undertaking. With ten mates he once embarked in an open boat with the Intention of reaching George's River, West Coast, better known as the “Seal Rocks.” The party were blown out to sea off Windsor Point, and were compelled to throw half their provisions overboard to avoid being swamped; and at last they reached Colac Bay after a most risky passage. After spending some time on the West Coast, Mr. Cassels returned to Riverton, and became a partner with the late Mr. Peter Grant in a small run known as “Grant's Mistake,” which was ultimately abandoned. On arriving at Orepuki, about 1869, Mr. Cassels worked on the Te Wae Wae Beach, and did some prospecting on the Longwood Ranges, in the neighbourhood of what is now known as Round Hill, and experienced great hardships. Three years later he started a butchery business at Orepuki, but this he subsequently sold to Mr. A. McPherson, of Pahia, and, returning to Riverton, worked for the late Mr. Richard Lock until the latter's death. Mr. Cassels then opened a store in Orepuki, where he was placed on the Commission of the Peace in 1884.
, one of the pioneers of the mining industry at Orepuki, was born at Strathavon, Lanarkshire, Scotland, in 1832, and was brought up in business with his father, who was a general merchant. On arriving in Victoria, he entered into business as a general merchant at Maryborough and Dunnolly, and was also connected with mining for five or six years. Mr Currie crossed to New Zealand when gold was discovered, and, after engaging in mining for a time, started in business in Orepuki with his former Victorian partner. However, some years later he gave up business, and has since devoted himself exclusively to mining. He is interested in both sluicing and driving claims in the district. Mr Currie was for years an elder of the local Presbyterian church, and the first religious
, J.P., Is the holder of driving claims in Orepuki, where he also owns freehold property. He was born in 1837, in Aberdeen, Scotland, and on leaving school, entered the service of a large soft goods firm in Moscow, but returned home at the time of the Crimean war. In 1854 he arrived in Victoria, where he engaged in mining for some time, and removed to New Zealand in 1860. He started work on a station at Morven Hills, but the following year took part in the Gabriel's Gully “rush.” Mr Merrielees has followed mining ever since; and worked at Kawarau, Queenstown, Nokomai, Hokitika. and various places on the West Coast, before settling at Orepuki in 1871. He has been a member of the local school committee for many years, and has also been chairman. He has been a member of the cemetery trust since its inception, and he was for some years on the committee of the Presbyterian church. In his spare time Mr Mirrielees engages in literary work. He was married, in 1868, to a daughter of the late Mr John Lyon, of Riverton, and has three sons and one daughter.
, sometime of Orepuki, was born in 1833, in Sydney, New South Wales. As a youth, he was employed on a whalins ship, and landed at the Maori Pa, Pahia. in the early days. He was afterwards owner of whaling vessels for many years before buying a station at Burwood, near Riverton. Mr Printz subsequently sold that property, and took up 7,000 acres of free hold land, at Pahia, on which he effected many improvements, and which he worked till his death, in 1897. Mr Printz was attached to the Aparima Lodge of Freemasons., He was married, in 1866, and left five sons and three daughters.
, Miner, Orepuki. Mr McEwan was born at Strathavon, Lanarkshire. Scotland, arrived at the Bluff in 1868, by the ship “Sir William Moir,” and for about two years Worked in the neighbourhood of Invercargill. Mr McEwen has an interest in a mining claim at Orepuki, where, with the exception of about nine months spent on the West Coast, he has resided since 1870.
is five miles by rail, and four by road, from Orepuki, and lies in the Orepuki riding of the county of Wallace, and in the Wallace electoral district. Not long ago the entire countryside was a dense forest in which considerable clearings have now (1904–5) been made by the settlers. Sawmilling is a prominent industry, and several mills are in full operation. The railway extension to Waihoaka was opened for traffic in October, 1903, and in February, 1904, a post office was established at the local school known as Koromiko school, which is within a short distance of the railway terminus. The school dates from 1893, and the average attendance in 1904 was twenty-seven. The main road from Orepuki to the fishing grounds at the mouth of the Waiau river, and also to the Waiau ferry, passes through the district. A good many farmers in the neighbourhood hold freeholds, up to 400 acres in extent, and the land is said to be good for agricultural and pastoral purposes. The settlement lies between the Longwood ranges and the Ocean Beach and Tewaewae Bay. Waihoaka lies in undulating country, and some of the grades of the main road are remarkable for steepness.
, who has been Ganger on the Orepuki-Waihoaka section of railways since October, 1903, was born on the 30th of April, 1869. at Green Island, Otago, educated at Port Molyneux, and brought up to a country life. He joined the railway service on the Kingston section in Southland, in 1897, and was promoted to his present position in 1903. Mr Wright was married, in 1898, to a daughter of Mr A. Melville, of Port Molyneux, and has two sons and one daughter.
, Farmer, “Hopedale,” Koromiko, Waihoaka. Mr Alderson was born in 1857, in County Durham, England, where he was educated. When twenty years of age, he came to New Zealand by the ship “Western Monarch,” and landed at the Bluff. For six months after his arrival, he worked as a ploughman at Merino Downs, Tapanui, and was then employed for nine months by Mr Cowan, of Benmore. Later on, he worked at Lake Wakatipu, and settled, in 1881, in the Orepuki district, where he has since been engaged in mining and farming. His fine farm, known as “Hopedale,” consisting of 400 acres of freehold land, is devoted to dairying and general farming, the milk being delivered at the Te Tua factory. Mr Alderson was married, in 1903, to the widow of the late Mr J. H. Young, of Hopedale Farm. Mrs Alderson had seven sons and three daughters by her former marriage.
, Farmer, Koromiko, Waihoaka. Mr Armstrong was born in 1863, in County Antrim, Ireland, where he was educated and brought up to farming by his father. He arrived at Port Chalmers by the s.s. “Rimutaka,” in 1884, and settled at Gummies Bush, where he resided for three years, working in turn on a farm and at a threshing mill. He afterwards farmed on his own account for some time at Riverton and Waimatuku, and in 1891 bought his land at Koromiko. The property, consisting ofconsisting of 300 acres of freehold, and forty acres of leasehold, was then covered with Lush, with only a track to connect with the outlying country, but 280 acres have already been cleared and 100 acres ploughed. Mr Armstrong engages in mixed farming and dairying, and was one of the founders of the Te Tua dairy factory. He has been chairman of the Waihoaka school committee since its inception. He was married, in 1891, to a daughter of Mr William Hopcroft, of Gummies Bush, and has two sons and one daughter.
is in the electoral district of Wallace, and in the Orepuki riding of the county of Wallace. At the census of 1901, it had a population of 161, but as the district is progressive there is little doubt that this number has since been considerably increased. The wooded ranges of Longwood on the north-east separate the Te Tua district from the watershed of the Aparima, and on the south-west the waves of the Pacific Ocean roll on to the beach at Tewaewae Bay. It is at Te Tua that the main road from Orepuki to the Waiau Ferry branches off to the fishing camp at the mouth of the Waiau, and lovely vistas of sea views are obtainable from various points along the road. In 1893 the entire place was a virgin forest, but numerous clearings and homesteads now (1904–5) bear witness to the intelligent energy of the settlers. The public school at Te Tua dates from September, 1898, and has an average attendance of forty-three. Sawmilling is of course, carried on in the district, and there is a flourishing cheese factory, locally owned, in constant operation. Te Tua has had a post office since 1894, and the district receives, and sends, a weekly mail.
, which was established in 1894, is conducted at the residence of Mr Caleb Small. Prior to 1900, there was only a weekly mail, but since then mails have been received, and despatched, on Mondays, Wednesdays and Saturdays. The telephone bureau was established in 1900.
, which was established in 1897, is the property of the Te Tua Dairy Factory Company, Limited. The chairman, in 1904, was Mr Caleb Small, and the secretary, Mr E. E. Willett, of Riverton. The factory has three cheese vats capable of treating up to 2,000 gallons of milk at a time. In the season of 1904, there were twenty-eight suppliers, who delivered about 1,300 gallons daily. The storeroom of the factory is capable of storing from seventy to eighty tons of cheese. Regular fortnightly shipments of the produce are sent to London, and the output of an ordinary season is about 100 tons. The plant is driven by a steam engine of eight horsepower.
, who has been manager of the factory since 1898, is referred to at page 762 of the Auckland volume of this work, as manager of the Tauwaare Cheese Factory, Waikato.
, Blacksmith, Te Tua. Mr Arthur was born at Elderslie, near Oamaru, in 1875, and was educated at Winton, Invercargill, Limestone Plains and Drummond. He learned his business at Invercargill with his father, Mr J. W. Arthur, and in 1893, removed to the Te Tua district, where he engaged in farming and Contracting for about eight years. In 1903, however, he sold his farm, and established his present business. Mr Arthut was married, on the 14th of August 1899, to a daughter of Mr Henry McQuillian, of Te Tua. and has one son.
, Farmer, Green Valley Farm, Te Tua. Mr Miske was born in 1858, near Berlin, Germany, where he was educated and brought up to farming. He arrived at Port Chalmers by the ship “Nelson,” in 1884, and settled in the Makarewa district, where he engaged in sawmilling and farm work. In 1898, Mr Miske bought 295 acres of bush land at Te Tua, on the deferred-payment system.
, Farmer, “Burnbrae,” Te Tua, Mr McQuillian was born, in 1845, at Loch Leven, Kinross, Scotland, where he was educated and brought up to farming. At the age of sixteen, he entered the employment of the North British Railway, and afterwards became guard in that service. At a later period Mr McQuillian came out to Queensland, and resided at Rockhampton for six months. In 1885, he arrived in New Zealand and joined the New Zealand railways, where he was soon promoted to the position of guard. Mr M-Quillian performed the duties of guard between Invercargill and Orepuki for fourteen years, when he resigned owing to ill-health. In 1889, he bought land at Pahia, and two years later purchased his property at Te Tua, where he has resided since November, 1900. Mr Quillian is chairman of the Te Tua branch of the New Zealand Farmers' Union, and was for some time a director of the dairy factory. He married a daughter of the late Mr David Rintoul, of Dunfermline, Fifeshire, Scotland, but his wife died in August, 1903, leaving three daughters and one son.
, Farmer, “Carradale,” Te Tua. Mr Stalker was born in 1838, in Kintyre, Argyle-shire, Scotland, where he was educated and brought up as a fisherman. He afterwards worked as a shepherd, and in that capacity was engaged by Mr Hunter, of Oamarn, to come to New Zealand. He arrived at the Bluff, in 1862, by the ship “Flying Mist,” and worked on Mr Hunter's station, near Oamaru, for about a year. He was then engaged as a shepherd for some years in the Coal Creek district, and afterwards at Hamerton station, Central Otago, and later at Avondale station, where he resided for twenty years. In 1904, Mr Stalker took up 401 acres of land, under perpetual lease at Te Tua, his sons residing on the property till 1900, when he joined them. Mixed farming is carried on, and Mr Stalker has an interest in the Te Tua Dairy Factory. He was married, in 1868, to Miss McDonald, of Orkney, and has six sons and three daughters.
, Farmer, Te Tua. Mr Ward was born in Tasmania, in 1859, and was brought to Southland by his parents as an infant. The family settled at Groper's Bush, where Mr Ward was educated and brought up on his father's farm. In 1894, he settled in the Te Tua district, where he acquired a property of 480 acres of freehold. The land was then almost covered with bush, but 160 acres have been cleared, and this area is devoted to sheep grazing and mixed farming. Mr Ward is interested in the development of the flax industry, and has recently erected a mill, in conjunction with his brothers, at the Waiau river. Mr Ward served as a volunteer at Clinton in the early days, and has been a member of the Te Tua school committee since its inception. He was married, in 1894, to a daughter of the late Mr George Grey, of Riverton, and has two sons and three daughters,
lies between Te Tua and the Waiau Ferry. A local punt, constructed and maintained by the Government, was long known by the name of Papatotara, but when this name was bestowed on a settlement about six miles from the punt, towards the mouth of the Waiau river, on its western bank, it was deemed advisable to rename the district when the post office was established, on the Ist of January, 1904, and the name chosen was Tuatapere. The caretaker in charge of the ferry is the proprietor of an hotel on the western bank of the Waiau, but the post office is conducted at the store on the eastern bank. Tuatapere is also connected with the outer world by a telephone bureau. Sawmills and flax mills are in active operation in the district, and the clearings of the settlers are frequently seen from the road to Orepuki. Several of the settlers, however, are far back in the bush, off the line of road, and their homesteads are not within sight of the traveller. The district on the south-western side of the Waiau is in the Orepuki riding of the county of Wallace, and, as Waiau, it had a population of sixty-five at the census of 1901; while the north-western side is in the Waiau riding of the same county, and, at the census of 1901, the population of West Waiau was set down at thirty.
, Farmer, Hill Farm, Tuatapere. Mr Gray was born, in 1861, at Stirling, Otago. He was educated at Stirling and Wild Bush, and was brought up to farming by his father, the late Mr George Grey, who was one of the old pilgrims who came out by the ship “Larkins” in 1849, He was afterwards in partnership with his father, and on the latter's death, he managed the farm for some years on behalf of the family. In 1893, Mr. Grey bought 290 acres of freehold at Tuatapere. The land was then covered with dense bush, but 120 acres have since been cleared, and sixty acres ploughed. Mr Grey conducts a dairy farm, and supplies milk to the Te Tua factory, in which he is a shareholder. He was at one time a member of the Riverton Rifles for several years. In 1894, he was married to a daughter of Mr S. J. Stuck, of Orepuki, and has one son and two daughters.
is in the electoral district of Wallace, and is a part of the Aparima riding of Wallace county. Its population at the census of 1901 was twenty-four. The settlers are occupied in farming; and the settlement is four miles from Riverton and thirty from Invercargill. Gummies Bush district lies between the Aparima and Pourakino rivers, and gives evidence of being a well-established settlement. It has a co-operative dairy factory, a post office, public library, public school, and a small Presbyterian church.
, Gummies Bush; offices at Riverton. This factory was established in 1901 in its present form, as a farmers' co-operative dairy factory company. The capital is £1,000, and the shares are held by the milk suppliers. Mr G. O. Cassels, of Riverton, is secretary and treasurer. There are seven directors, and a chairman of directors. The factory is about three miles from Riverton, and stands on ten acres of land. Its buildings are of the latest design, with every convenience for the making of cheese, of which nearly 100 tons were made in 1903. The plant includes a nine horse-power boiler and a small pumping engine. There is a piggery connected with the factory.
, Manager of the Aparima Dairy Factory, Gummies Bush, was born at East Taieri, in 1869, educated at Mosgiel, and brought up to farm work on the farm of his father. He attended the dairy school at Edendale, and was afterwards at the factory at Otara, where he was for two years assistant, and manager for four years. In October, 1900, he was appointed to his present position. Mr Taylor has taken out (in New Zealand) a patent for an Impress Cheese Brand, which has advantages in the way of setting out the qualities of the product, and the brand made by it cannot be taken out without leaving proofs of the tampering. For some years Mr Taylor was a runner at sports and an enthusiastic footballer and cricketer. In August. 1899, he married a daughter of Mr D. Doull, and has one son and one daughter.
(James Allison and John McDonald Allison), Farmers, Gummies Bush. The Messrs Allison own a farm of 460 acres, on which they conduct mixed farming.
was born at Kirkcolm, Wigtonshire, Scotland, and learned ship carpentering in Glasgow. In 1859, he landed at Adelaide, South
Australia, and went to the Bendigo and Gippsland diggings. He arrived in New Zealand in 1861, and was gold-mining at the Waikawa and Tuapeka diggings. In 1863 he settled in Riverton, and shortly afterwards bought a portion of his present farm, to which he added later on. Mr Allison is on the Gummies bush church committee, and is a deacon of the Riverton Presbyterian
Is the son of Mr James Allison, and was born at Gummies Bush about 1870. Ever since he left school, he has spent his time on the farm. He is a member of the Gummies Bush Presbyterian church, and generally takes an interest in church matters.
, Farmer, Gummies Bush. Mr Merrifield has a freehold farm of 322 acres, which he devotes chiefly to dairying. He was born in Luxulyn, Cornwall, England, in 1868, and was brought up to farming, though for some time after leaving school, he worked in a tin mine. In 1888, Mr Merrifield came to New Zealand, and landed at the Bluff. From the time of landing in the colony, until he took up his farm, in 1898, he engaged in various occupations—road-making, flax-milling, and farm work. In 1888, he married a daughter of the late Mr James Cock, engineer, Cornwall, and has three sons and one daughter. For two years Mr Merrifield was a member of Gummies Bush school committee, and he is at present (1905), and has been for three years, a director of the Aparima Dairy Factory Company, Limited. He is a member of Lodge Wallace, Independent Order of Oddfellows, American Constitution, at Riverton.
, Farmer, Gummies Bush. Mr McKay has a compact farm of 120 acres, and carries on mixed farming. He has at various times exhibited thoroughbred horses at Invercargill and Riverton. Mr McKay was born at Ardnarff, Ross-shire, Scotland, in 1864, and came to New Zealand with his mother in 1872. He was educated at Gummies Bush, where his mother had settled, and worked on his mother's farm until about 1894, when he bought a small farm of ninety acres. This he sold, in order to settle on his present farm, which he had bought just previously. Mr McKay takes a great interest in horse racing, and has bred several horses of some note, and still breeds. He has ridden his own horses on many occasions. He is now a steward, and also time-keeper, for the Riverton Racing Club, and has, as a committeeman, been connected with the club for fifteen or sixteen years. Mr McKay was for seventeen or eighteen years a member of the Riverton Rifles, of which he was sergeant, and is now a member of the Rifle Club. As a rifleman, he has attended the New Zealand Association meetings on two occasions, and several meetings of the local association. He was winner one year of the medal as best shot of the Southland district, and was four times holder of the Riverton Rifles Belt. In 1896, he married a daughter of the late Mr James Morley, of Kidderminister, England, and has two sons and two daughters.
, Viewhill Farm. Gummies Bush. Mr McKay's farm consists of 269 acres of good agricultural land. He breeds and exhibits Romney Marsh sheep and thoroughbred and hunting horses, and for many years was a prizetaker in light horses, cattle and sheep. Mr McKay was born at Ardnarff, Ross-shire, Scotland, in 1865, and came to Port Chalmers with his mother in 1872. Mrs McKay took up a farm at Gummies Bush, and there Mr McKay worked until ten years ago, when he took over his mother's property. Mr McKay takes an interest in racing, and bought some racehorses which he rode himself. He was for about ten years huntsman of the Birchwood hounds, and a leading cross-country rider. Mr McKay has been connected
is on the western bank of the Aparima river, and on the Riverton-Nightcaps line of railway. It is twenty-seven miles from Invercargill, and eighteen miles from the terminus at Nightcaps. The district is in the Aparima riding of the county of Wallace, and in the electorate of Wallace, and at the census of 1901, its population was recorded as eighty-seven. The main road from Thornbury to Otautau and Nightcaps passes through the township, and diverges eastward, over the bridge spanning the Aparima river, towards Limestone Plains and Drummond. Fairfax has a combined post office and railway station, at an elevation of seventy-nine feet above sea-level; an hotel, a store, a smith's shop, and a public school. Several sawmills are at work in the district, as a large extent of bush country lies to the south. Fairfax is, nevertheless, chiefly an agricultural, dairying, and pastoral district, and large quantities of grain are sent from the local station.
Fairfax Railway Station And Post Office, Fairfax.
, Stationmaster and Postmaster at Fairfax, was born in Dublin, Ireland, in 1876, and came to New Zealand in 1882. He was educated at the Invercargill Grammar School, and then entered the railway service as a cadet in the clerical department at Christchurch. Thence he was transferred to Gore, and from Gore to the railway shipping department in Invercargill. Then he was appointed a relieving officer, and as such he served for two years. He was appointed to the Fairfax station in 1903. Mr Stephens has taken a considerable interest in athletics, and has been a competitor in rowing and running contests.
is a wood and iron building of one classroom, lobby and porch, and stands on a half-acre section. It accommodates from forty to fifty pupils, and the attendance is about twenty-five.
, M.A., formerly head teacher of the Fairfax school, was born in Auckland, and educated at the Otago University and Canterbury College. She graduated M.A. in 1895, with second-class honours in English and in French, and third class in mental science. In 1891 she was appointed head teacher of the South Wyndham school, where she served for one year. She was afterwards for some time head teacher of the Portland Island school, in Hawke's Bay. The years 1896 to 1901 were spent teaching in Taranaki at the Durhan Road school, near Inglewood. In the beginning of 1902, she was appointed head teacher of the Fairfax school. She holds an A3 certificate, but gave up public school teaching at the end of 1904, with the intention of engaging in journalistic work. Miss Hodgkinson is a daughter of Dr. Hodgkinson, well known throughout Southland as a pioneer colonist and public man. Dr. Hodgkinson's biography and portrait appear on page 794 of this volume.
(Christina Callaghan, proprietress), Fairfax. This hotel was built about twenty years ago by its present owner. It is of wood and iron, has twenty rooms, and there is very good accommodation for guests.
, Proprietress of the Shamrock Hotel, is a daughter of the late Mr Thomas
Harrison, farmer, of East Taieri, who came to New Zealand in 1848. She was born at Christon, Kirkintilloch, Scotland, in 1837, accompanied her parents to the colony, and lived with them until 1854, when she married Mr Robert Montgomery McDowall, a school teacher. Two sons and two daughters born of this marriage are now alive. In 1875, she married Mr John Callaghan, to whom she bore four sons and six daughters. Mrs Callaghan
(McCallum and Company, proprietors), Fairfax. This mill is situated a short distance from Fairfax railway station, to which the timber is conveyed by tramway. The plant consists of a ten horse-power engine, two benches, one planing machine, and a ten horsepower hauling engine. About twelve men are employed, and the output is from 80,000 to 90,000 feet of timber per month.
, Manager of the Ermedale Sawmill, was born at Lady's Bay, Tasmania, in 1868, and educated there. He spent a short time at bootmaking, and was afterwards at sea for some time. Then he settled down to sawmill work in the service of Mr Tyler, of Ida Bay, Tasmania, and soon worked up to the managership of some of his mills. Later on, he joined Messrs Gray Brothers, of Adventure Bay, in the same capacity. In 1893 he came to New Zealand and began to work at the Excelsior mill, at Tisbury. He then worked at mills at Otatara, Colac Bay, and Riverton successively, and while at Riverton he built a mill and four miles of tramways and bridges for Messrs More and Sons. After running the launch of Messrs Trail Brothers on the Pourakino river, he built the Otautau mill of the Southland Timber Company. Mr Bradley received his present appointment in February, 1903. When in Tasmania, Mr Bradley took some part in athletic sports, particularly rowing. In 1894, he married a daughter of Mr H. Dewe, of Invercargill, and has one daughter.
, Manager of the timber yard of McCallum and Company's Ermedale sawmill, Fairfax, was born at Mataura. in 1867, and educated at Grove Bush, where his father is a farmer. For some years, he and his brothers were road contracting, but left that to start saw-milling, which they carried on in various parts of the Forest Hall, Tokonui and other districts. Mr Kilkelly left his brothers after they had started a mill at Grove Bush, and was for some time manager of McPherson and Company's sawmill at Fairfax. When that mill was sold to Messrs McCallum and Company, he was appointed to his present position. As a runner and wrestler, Mr Kilkelly has competed at sports in various parts of Southland, and has also taken part in sawing contests with some success. For three years he has been a member of the Fairfax school committee. In 1900, he married a daughter of Mr P. Ryan, of West Plains, and has two sons.
, Engineer at Messrs McCallum and Company's Ermedale sawmill at Fairfax, was born at Forest Hill, Winton, in 1882, and brought up on his father's farm. Whilst at farm work, he learned the working of traction engines, and in 1901 left for the Edendale district, where he drove a portable engine in Messrs Sutherland and Lopdale's sawmill. Early in 1902, Mr Currie went to Wairoa, in the North Island, and drove the engine in a large sawmill there for about nine months. He afterwards worked in sawmills in the Midhirst and Dannevirke districts, and, on returning to Southland, became engineer at Mr Wallis' mill at Hedgehope, where he remained until being appointed to his present position at the Ermedale mill, in 1904. Mr Currie holds competency certificates for driving stationary and portable engines. He is a well-known competitor at sports meetings in Southland, and has won several prizes for quoiting.
, Engineer at McCallum and Company's Ermedale sawmill, was born at West Plains in 1882, educated at the school there, and apprenticed to blacksmithing with Mr Gardiner, of Mataura. After serving his time, he became blacksmith and engine-driver at the Ermedale mill. He holds a second-class certificate as a driver of portable engines.
, Farmer and Stock Dealer, Fairfax. Mr Fox was born in August, 1857, near Oxford, England, and was brought up to farming. He came to New Zealand by the ship “Waimate,” in 1875, and worked as
, Farmer, “Thorn-hill,” Fairfax. Mr. Haywood was born in Devonshire, England, in 1860, and received his education at the district national school, being afterwards engaged in various occupations before leaving England for Port Chalmers in 1880, by the ship “Wellington.” A short time after his arrival he entered into a farming partnership with Mr. F. J. Linscott, in which they were subsequently joined by Mr. Charles Haywood. When the partnership was dissolved, Mr. Haywood commenced business as land agent and valuer. In 1895, he purchased his present property “Thorn-hill,” where he has resided ever since. This property is almost entirely laid down in grass, well drained, and utilised for grazing sheep and cattle. Mr. Haywood is a successful breeder of Romney Marsh sheep, for which he has won the first prize against all comers at the Riverton show. The “Thornhill” homestead has a strikingly English aspect, with its well-laid out orchards, surrounded by English oaks and other trees. The dwelling-house is built of stone, and contains nine rooms; and there are substantial stables, stock-yards, and cattle sheds. Mr. Haywood is an old member of the Western Districts Agricultural and Pastoral Society, and senior deacon of Lodge Aparima. N.Z.C., Riverton. He has also, for several years, been circuit steward of Riverton Wesleyan church.
, Farmer, “Culblair,” Fairfax. Mr McIntosh was born on the 28th of July, 1838, in Inverness, Scotland, where he was educated. He came out to Melbourne in 1854, by the ship “Black Eagle,” and worked for some time on the goldfields in Victoria. Mr McIntosh came to Dunedin in 1863, and entered into partnership with the late Major Croker and Mr. Hugh Rice, now of Invercargill, in the carrying business in the Tuapeka and Waitahuna districts, and afterwards in the district between Kingston and Invercargill. Mr McIntosh settled in the Fairfax district in 1882, when he purchased his present property consisting of 200 acres of freehold, and forty acres of leasehold, land. He has been well known for many years as a breeder of Clydesdale horses. He was at one time a member of the Otautau school committee. Mr McIntosh was married, in 1869, to a daughter of the late Mr Alexander McDonald, of Riverton, and has had nine sone and three daughters. Two of his sons died in infancy, and one in South Africa, where he served as a member of the Fourth Contingent.
, Farmer, Pine Hill Farm, Fairfax. Mr Ward has a farm of 310 acres. His house, which contains eleven rooms, stands on a commanding position, whence he obtains very fine views of the district. Mr Ward was born at Kidderminister, England, in 1851, and came to New Zealand, with his parents, in 1859. The family settled at Gummies Bush, where he was brought up to farming. After
, Farmer, Fairfax. Mr Ward was born at Thornhill Farm, Groper's Bush, in 1863, and educated at the Groper's Bush school. He was brought up to farming on his father's farm, and has ever since followed that occupation. In 1890, he bought a farm of 100 acres, on which he conducts mixed farming. He occasionally exhibits cattle at the Western Districts Agricultural and Pastoral Association show. In 1884, Mr Ward published a small book of poems, “Food for Mirth and Lore for Learning,” which had a large circulation in Southland. Since that time he has been a contributor of prose and verse to several newspapers, and it is his intention to publish another book of poems at an early date.
is the postal name of the Limestone Plains district, which lies partly in the Winton riding, and partly in the Aparima riding, of the county of Southland. At the census of 1901 the population under the heading of Isla Bank—which is in the Winton riding—was 103; and that of Limestone Plains—which is in the Aparima riding—was 191. Isla Bank post office is some four miles from the Fairfax railway station, eight miles from Thornbury Junction, and six miles from Drummond. The district is about four miles from Flint's Bush northward, and is to the southward of Drummond, and to the eastward of Fairfax. Not far from the Isla Bank post office, there is a township known as Calcium, on part of which stands the local school, known as the Limestone Plains school, which was removed to its present site in 1899. The average number of children in attendance, in 1904, was thirty-five. Isla Bank is a parish of the Presbyterian church, and there is a commodious sanctuary, and a comfortable manse for the resident clergyman. The Waimatuku stream runs through the district, which has undulating land, with soil noted for its richness. There are a good many large farmers in the district, mostly freeholders; but some extensive education reserves are held under leasehold tenure.
was established in 1882. The business is carried on at the residence of Mr Alexander McHardy, and mails are received, and despatched daily. Mr Donald McHardy is postmaster.
, Farmer, “Glencairn,” Isla Bank. Mr Baird was born in January, 1870, in Kircudbrightshire, Scotland, where he was brought up on his father's farm. He came to New Zealand by the ship “Scoresby,” and landed at Port Chalmers in 1862. He afterwards removed to Southland and worked in the Riverton district, where he was employed in breaking-in young horses to the plough and dray. He was subsequently engaged as a shepherd on an up-country station, and then resided for some time at Limestone Plains. In 1879, Mr Baird took up 800 acres of leasehold land, belonging to the Southland High School Board. The land was then in tussocks, without fences or other improvements, but has since been brought into a state of good cultivation, and is devoted to mixed farming. Mr Baird has also erected a substantial residence and outbuildings on the property. He was a member of the Western Districts Agricultural and Pastoral Association for twenty-one years, and was steward of the ring for draught horses for the same period. Mr Baird has been twice married. His first wife, who died leaving three sons and one daughter, was the daughter of Mr Archibald Brass, of Kircudbrightshire, Scotland. His second wife is a daughter of the late Mr James McMinn, of the same county, and there are, surviving, two sons and two daughters by this marriage.
, Farmer, Isla Bank. Mr McHardy was born on the 6th of July, 1828, in the parish of Corgarff, Aberdeenshire, Scotland. He came out to the colony by the ship “Rhia Sylvia” and arrived at Lyttelton, in the 6th of May, 1861. Mr McHardy worked as a ploughman at Kaiapoi Island for a short time, and then removed to Otago, where he was engaged in carting to the diggings. He then worked for a time on the goldfields, and, in 1863, came to Southland, and was engaged in bush work at Longwood for a year. Mr McHardy then took employment on a general farm at Seaward Bush, and resided there for a considerable period, removing afterwards to Taieri. He was for nearly two years—1869–70—on the Orepuki diggings, which he left for a year's term on Woodlands station, West Waiau. About the year 1868, Mr McHardy bought 119 acres of freehold land at Isla Bank, and ten years later acquired 100 acres at Drummond, and still farms both properties. He has been a member of the Aparima Road Board, is a member, and also librarian of the Calcium Library; has been manager of the Calcium Cemetery since its formation, and has held office as a deacon of the Presbyterian church, of which he is an elder. Mr McHardy has had charge of the local sheep dip since 1884.
, Farmer, “Bloom-hall,” Isla Bank. Mr Roby was born in 1842, in the parish of Alyth, Perthshire, Scotland, and was brought up to farming. He came to the colony by the ship “Hydaspes,” and arrived at Port Chalmers in 1872. After residing for a few months at West Taieri, Mr
Roby settled in the Drummond district, in June, 1873. In the following year, he took up 100 acres of land on the deferred-payment system, but afterwards obtained the freehold, and has since acquired a further ninety-five acres. The land has been converted from its natural rough condition into a state of good cultivation. Mr Roby was for about four years a member of
, Farmer, Isla Bank. Mr Teviotdale was born in 1831, in Kineardineshire, Scotland, where he was educated and brought up as a farmer. He came out to Victoria in 1852, and after working on the gold diggings for ten years without much luck, came to New Zealand. Mr Teviotdale worked for three years on the Otago goldfields, and went to the West Coast for a short time, in 1865. In 1867, he settled in Southland, and having saved a little money, bought 170 acres of land. His farming operations have been eminently successful, and he is now one of the largest farmers in the district. His property consists of 1,600 acres of freehold land, and is devoted to cattle and sheep.
, sometime of “Burnbank,” Isla Bank, was born, in 1831, at Howood, Renfrewshire, Scotland. He was brought up on his father's farm, and afterwards spent some time at Campbelltown, in the Highlands of Scotland. Mr Lindsay came out to Victoria when a young man, and worked on the diggings till he was attracted to Gabriel's Gully, in 1861. In the following year he came to Southland, and worked at Waianiwa, and afterwards at Limestone Plains. In 1871, Mr Lindsay took up “Burnbank,” which comprises 421 acres of leasehold land. It was then in its native state, but the lessee lived to see it fully developed. Mr Lindsay was a member of the Isla Bank school committee, and was for some time a director of the Western Districts Agricultural and Pastoral Society. He was married, in 1851, to a daughter of the late Mr John Wilson, of Ayrshire, Scotland, and at his death, on the 27th of July, 1889, left three daughters and eight sons, of whom one son has since died. Mrs Lindsay survives her husband, and takes an active part in the supervision of the farm.
Owing To Its Central Position in the county of Wallace, Otautau became the county town some years ago, when the offices were removed from Riverton. The Riverton-Nightcaps railway runs through the district, and the local station, which is also a post and telephone office, is thirty-two miles from Invercargill, and stands at an elevation of 128 feet above the level of the sea. Otautau is a town district in the Otautau riding of the county of Wallace, and in the electorate of the same name. At the census of 1901, it had a population of 443, with 197 inhabitants in the vicinity; while at Bayswater and Ringway, two estates which have been subdivided for closer settlement, there were ninety-three and forty-eight respectively. Part of the district surrounding Otautau is in the Waiau riding, and the population of that portion was sixty, while Otautau Bush, which is in the Aparima riding, had a population of sixty-four. The township is on the western bank of the Aparima river, which is crossed by a bridge about a mile distant; and the road leads beyond to Bayswater, Heddon Bush, Drummond and Winton. Otautau creek runs through the centre of the town, and is spanned by a substantial bridge. The township is occasionally visited by floods. A very large and prosperous farming community surrounds Otautau; a number of sawmills, flaxmills and a flourmill are at work in the district, and an up-to-date creamery is in operation. The Town Board has effected many improvements in streets and footpaths. As the railway station at Otautau is the nearest to the celebrated Waiau caves and river, Otautau is the stopping place for visitors to that interesting district, which is reached by coaches. Otautau has three churches, three hotels, a Town Hall, Masonic and Oddfellows' Lodges, a good many substantial business premises, and a public school.
is bounded on the east by the Aparima river, on the south and west by the old Aparima estate, now sub-divided into farms, and on the north by the old Strathmore station. The area of the district is 800 acres, and the capital value, in 1904, was £28,532. A general rate of 3/4d, and a special rate of 3/8d in the pound was levied, and produced an annual revenue of about £130. The Town Board also receives £75 as rent for the Town Hall, and a subsidy of 25 percent on the general rate, which, together with licensing fees, amount to £120; and rents of reserves give a yearly revenue of £400. There is a loan of £400, borrowed for drainage purposes, under the Government Loans to Local Bodies Act, and the money raised under special issue of debentures for £200 at 4 1/2 percent, for street improvements, which has been expended on asphalting footpaths. Otautau is lighted by about thirty kerosene lamps. The Town Hall is a wood and iron building, situated in the main street, with accommodation for about 300 persons, and has two offices for the use of the Board. The members of the Otautau Town Board in 1904–5 were Messrs E. Matheson (chairman), N. Kelly, R. Seator, A. H. Officer, and J. Swap. Mr John Fisher is clerk and treasurer, and Mr John Dimmock caretaker of the hall.
, who has been a member of the Otautau Town Board since 1892, was born in 1857, in Aberdeen, where he was educated and brought up as a carpenter and joiner. When twenty-two years of age, Mr Swap came to New Zealand with his wife by the ship “Napier,” and landed at Port Chalmers. After residing in Dunedin for eight months, he settled at Otautau in 1880, and commenced business as a builder. Mr Swap has erected a considerable number of buildings in the Otautau district, including the Presbyterian and Anglican churches. He resides in Main Street, where his commodious dwelling-house stands on a site of an acre and a-half. Mr Swap was chairman of the Otautau Town Board in 1900, and is a member of the committee of the Otautau Racing Club, of which he has been president. As a Freemason, he was Worshipful Master of Lodge Wallace, in 1904. Mr Swap was married, in 1879, three days before leaving Scotland, to a daughter of the late Captain J. Ewen, of Aberdeen. Mrs Swap died in 1903, leaving one son and two daughters.
dates from 1876, when the Counties Act came into force. The eastern boundary of the county extends from the mouth of the Waimatuku stream to the north of the New River hundred; thence through Oreti hundred to the northern boundary thereof, afterwards passing through part of the Taringatura district to the Oreti river; the northern boundary extends from the Eyre district to the West Coast; the western boundary adjoins Fiord county; and on the south the county is bounded by the ocean. The total rateable value of the property is £766,865, on which a general rate of 3/4d in the pound is levied, with a charitable aid rate of 1/8d. There are also separate rates for four ridings of the county. The County Council has borrowed £608 under the Loans to Local Bodies Act. The county bridges include four over Jacob's river, one over the Otautau, another over the Orawai, and a fine suspension bridge over the Waiau at Clifden. About 900 miles of roads are maintained by the county, which is divided into six ridings; namely, Orepuki, Waiau and Mararoa, which return one member each, and Otautau, Aparima, and Wairio, each of which returns two members. The gross revenue for the year ending March, 1904, exclusive of Government grants, was £14,172. During the same year, Mr J. Fraser was chairman, and the other members were: Messrs E. J. Stevens, T. Power, and J. J. Newton, H. Hirst, J. King, F. J. Dyer, D. Clark, and R. Cupples. Mr James Fullerton, B. A., is clerk and treasurer, and Mr A. McGavock, engineer. The Council's offices were removed some years ago from Riverton to Otautau, as the most central settlement of the county.
, who has been Chairman of the Wallace County Council since 1902, and a member of the Council for five years, was born in 1855, in Inverness-shire, Scotland, where he was educated and brought up to farming by his father. He came to New Zealand in 1879, by the ship “Wellington,” and settled in the Waimatuku district, where he afterwards bought forty acres of land on the flat. He subsequently sold this property, and purchased 295 acres, on which he has since resided. Mr Fraser has been a member of the Waimatuku school committee for many years, and has been chairman since 1890; and he has also been a member of the Western Districts Agricultural and Pastoral Association for some years. In June, 1892, he took a trip to the Old Country by the s.s. “Rimutaka,” and was just in time to see his father, who died five days after his arrival. Mr Fraser was married, in February, 1881, to Miss Livingston, of Dundee, Scotland, and has, surviving, a family of six sons and three daughters.
, who has represented the Otautau riding on the Wallace County Council since 1899, was born at Clifton, near Invercargill, in 1866. He was educated at Limestone Plains, and was brought up to farming, in which he was afterwards associated with his father and brother. In 1894, Mr Clark took up 253 acres of land at Heddon Bush, and has since brought, the property into a good state of cultivation. Mr Clark is a member of the committees of the Southland and Winton Jockey Clubs, and has acted as starter at Winton since 1897. He has served, also, as a member of the Otautau school committee. As a Freemason, he was Worshipful Master of the Winton Lodge in 1904. Mr Clark has invented a moveable circular sheep-pen for drafting purposes, and also a patent turnip-hoer for field work. The latter is capable of thinning nine acres of turnips a day. Mr Clark is a recognised judge of horses, and acted as judge of the draughts at the Dunedin show in 1903. He was married, on the 24th of May, 1894, to a daughter of the late Mr J. Parry, of Riverton, and has two sons and two daughters.
, of the Wallace County Council, is a farmer at Clifden, in the Waiau district. He has been a member of the Council since 1899, and was chairman in 1902. Mr King was born at Ardoch, Perthshire, Scotland, in 1853, educated at Crieff, and brought up on his father's farm. He came to New Zealand in 1879, and engaged in general farm work. After a short period spent in farm contracting, he leased a farm at Long-bush. Then he bought a farm, which he occupied for eight years, when he sold it in order to take up land at Clifden, in 1893. Mr King takes great interest in the progress of the Waiau district, and has been connected, as member or chairman, with the Clifden school committee since its inception. He is a director of the Southland Agricultural and Pastoral Association, chairman of the Waiau Draught Horse Association, and a
has been a member of the Wallace County Council since 1895, and represents Wairio riding Mr Newton was born on the 23rd of March, 1846, at St. Just Penwith, Cornwall, England. He was brought up on his father's farm, and afterwards was engaged in farming on his own account. Mr Newton came to Port Chalmers by the ship “Maori,” in 1880, and two years later settled at Wrey's Bush. He was appointed to the Commission of the Peace, in 1898, and was for some years chairman of the Wrey's Bush school committee. When the school was closed, he was presented by the residents of the district with a gold chain, in recognition of his services. Mr Newton was married, in 1872, to a daughter of the late Mr Anthony Johns, of St. Keverne, Cornwall, England, and has, surviving, one son and one daughter.
, J.P., has been one of the members representing Wairio riding in the Wallace County Council since 1900. Mr Power was born, in 1842, in County Clare, Ireland, where he was brought up to farming. He arrived in Melbourne, in 1859, and after residing for nearly three years in Victoria, came to New Zealand. He was one of the early diggers at Gabriel's Gully and afterwards worked at the Dunstan, and at Hartley and Riley's Beach. In 1863, Mr Power bought land on the New River, where he farmed till 1878, when he settled in Wrey's Bush district. Mr Power was appointed a Justice of the Peace in 1898, and is a member of the Wrey's Bush Cemetery Trust. He has been a member of the Otautau school committee, and was elected a member of the Wallace Licensing Bench, in 1903. Mr Power was married, in 1871, to a daughter of the late Mr John Francis, of County Galway, Ireland, and has one son and five daughters.
, B.A., Clerk and Treasurer of the Wallace County Council, was born in the Island of Arran. Buteshire, Scotland, and is the youngest son of Mr. Alexander Fullarton, farmer. He was educated at the local school and at Edinburgh University, where he took the degree of B.A. Mr. Fullarton studied Theology at the Edinburgh Free College, and was licensed to the ministry. Owing, however, to ill-health, he abandoned his sacred calling and left his native land for the Bluff by the ship “Sir William Eyre,” which arrived in 1863. He engaged in teaching for some time, but afterwards acted as clerk and engineer to the late Aparima Road Board, and received his present appointment in 1881. In 1864, he married Miss Jessie Cumming, of Banffshire, Scotland, and has three daughters and three sons. One of his sons is Dr. Fullarton, of Invercargill, another is on the staff of the Boys' High School, Dunedin, and the other is farming at Jacob's River, in the Southland district.
, Engineer, to the Wallace County Council, was born, in 1873, at Invercargill, where he was educated at the public schools. He joined the Survey Department in 1890, and, after serving for two years in the office, was sent in to the field. On the completion of his cadetship, he qualified as a surveyor, in 1896, and afterwards served as a contracting surveyor on the West Coast, under Mr John Robertson. In 1898, he was appointed assistant engineer to the Wallace County Council, and was promoted to his present position in 1902.
, formerly a Member of the Wallace County Council, resides on the Rothiemurchus Estate, near Thornbury Junction, Southland. He was born, in 1837, at Rothiemurchus, Inverness-shire, and after leaving school he worked on a farm until he was nineteen; he then entered the timber trade, in which he was occupied for four years. Mr. McIntyre left Scotland in 1860 by the ship “Silistria,” on her maiden voyage for Otago. His first experience was in shearing and other station work, and when the “rush” set in to Tuapeka, he proceeded to that field and remained for seven months, meeting with fair success. For about three years after that he was engaged in the carrying trade, and in 1864 obtained a rail way contract to construct a section of the line from Ryal Bush towards Winton. He purchased his present farm of 1400 acres in 1865, and devotes the land to mixed farming. Mr. McIntyre has been a very successful breeder of entire horses and shorthorn cattle, with which he has been a frequen-prize-taker at the Invercargill, Dunedin, and Riverton agricultural shows. He is a member of the Highland Society of Southland. In 1871, Mr. McIntyre was married to a daughter of Mr. Thomas Bath, of Cornwall, but lost his wife in 1896.
was established in 1884, and then included Nightcaps, which now forms part of another district. The boundaries include Drummond, Heddon Bush, Clifden, Merrivale and the contiguous districts. The police station, which is situated in the main street of Otautau, is a brick building, and contains five rooms and a porch, an office and two cells. Sittings of the Magistrate's Court are held in the Town Hall every four weeks.
has been in charge of the Otautau sub-police district since 1888, and also acts as Clerk of the Magistrate's Court. He was born in 1851, in Oughterard, County Galway, Ireland, where he was educated. He came to the Bluff by the ship “Sevilla,” in 1864, and he was engaged in mining for many years at Hogburn, Queenstown, Waipori, and Cromwell, and joined the police force in 1882. He has been stationed successively in Wellington and Invercargill, and was in charge of the North Invercargill station for three years and a-half prior to his appointment to Otautau. Mr Joyce was married in Oamaru, in 1874, to a daughter of the late Mr John Joyce, of Murruaghe, County Galway, Ireland, and has one son and one daughter.
, at Otautau, is built of wood and iron, stands on half an acre of land, and has accommodation for eighty persons. Services are held by the vicar of Riverton, twice every month. There is a small Sunday school with twenty children, in charge of two teachers.
, Chemist and Druggist, Main Street, Otautau. This business was established by the proprietor in 1902. The premises consist of a wood and iron building, which contains a shop, a consulting-room and a dwelling. Mr King was born in 1878, at Port Chalmers, where he was educated at the District High School. He studied for his profession in Dunedin, and became a registered chemist in 1899. After serving for some time as an assistant chemist at Ashburton, he entered into business on his own account, in Colombo Street, Sydenham, Christchurch, in July, 1901; and was there for eighteen months before
, General Drapers, Otautan branch, Main Street, Otautau; Head Office, Invercargill. The Otautau branch of this well-known drapery house was established in November, 1902. The premises consist of a brick and iron building, with two show windows on the main street, and there is a large shop with a show room and millinery work room. Goods are delivered from the branch throughout the surrounding district.
has been Manager of the Otautau branch of Thomson and Beattie, Limited, since February, 1904. Mr Sheargold was born in 1875, in Launceston, Tasmania, where he was educated and brought up to the drapery trade. He came to New Zealand in August, 1901, and was employed for some time by Mr J. A. Mitchell, auctioneer, and afterwards by the Southland Implement Company. In 1902, Mr Sheargold became traveller for Messrs Thomson and Beattie, and was appointed to his present position in February, 1904. While in Tasmania, Mr Sheargold was a member of a volunteer corps for six years, and also joined the Manchester Unity of Oddfellows. He was married in 1900.
, Plumber, Main Street, Otautau. Mr Jaquiery established himself at Otautau, in 1902, and carries on a general plumbing business in his own freehold premises. He was born, in 1874, in Carlton, Melbourne, and came to New Zealand in 1876, with his parents. On leaving school, he was apprenticed to the plumbing trade, which he has followed ever since, and has worked in Sydney, Brisbane, Melbourne, and Mount Lyell, Tasmania. In 1901, he started a business in Invercargill, but removed to Otautau in 1902. Mr Jaquiery takes a great interest in athletic sports. He was captain of the Pirates' second fifteen in Invercargill; was a member of the club for eight or nine years, and was also on the committee. As a cricketer, he was for some time captain of the second eleven, and he also took part in cycle racing. Mr Jaquiery is a member of the Shamrock, Rose and Thistle Lodge of Oddfellows, Manchester Unity, Invercargill.
, Boot and Shoemaker and Dealer, Main Street, Otautau. Mr Paterson's business was established in 1900, and is carried on in a wood and iron building, containing a shop and fitting-room, with a work room behind. Mr Paterson was born in Glasgow, Scotland, in 1868, and was brought, by his parents, to Port Chalmers, in 1871, by the ship “Margaret Galbraith.” He was educated in the public schools in Dunedin, where he also learned the bootmaking trade. After working for several years as a journeyman, Mr Paterson went to Australia in 1887, and resided there, chiefly in Adelaide and Sydney, for ten years. He returned to New Zealand, in 1897, and, after residing in Auckland for two years, removed to Invercargill, where he entered the employment of Messrs Kings-land and Son. As a volunteer, Mr Paterson served for six years in the Dunedin Navals; and, as a Freemason, he is attached to Lodge Wallace, No. 129, New Zealand Constitution. Mr Paterson was married, in 1901, to a daughter of Mr William Stevens, of Seaward Bush, and has one son.
, General Butcher and Farmer, Otautau. Mr Officer was born in 1864 in Aberdeenshire, Scotland, and, when he was four years old, was brought, by his parents, to Port Chalmers, in the ship “Schleswig Bride.” He was brought up to farming on his father's farm at Groper's Bush, and in 1895 he bought land and engaged in farming on his own account. His residence stands on Enderly Mead—a property of 160 acres of freehold, where he has resided since 1901. In 1898, Mr Officer opened a butchery business at Otautau, but his premises were destroyed by fire in 1901. In the following year he bought his present business in Main Street, where he has a double-fronted wood and iron shop, and small goods room. There is also a dwelling-house with stables on the section. Mr Officer owns a slaughter-house, situated on the Fairfax road, about three miles from Otautau, on a freehold of thirty-seven acres. As an Oddfellow, Mr Officer is a member of Lodge Aparima, and is at present a member of the Otautau Town Board. Mr Officer was married, in September, 1898, to a daughter of Mr David Reidie, farmer, Groper's Bush, and has three daughters.
, Family Butcher, Otautau. Mr. Steele is the eldest son of Mr. Thomas Steele, of Sydney, New South Wales, and was born in that city in 1858. He received his education at Riverton, and was apprenticed to the tailoring trade with Messrs. Whittingham Bros, and Instone, of Riverton, with whom he remained only eighteen months. He, subsequently, learned the trade of a butcher under Mr. Smidt, of Riverton, in whose service he continued about seven years. Mr. Steele was then appointed manager for Messrs. Walker and Todd, butchers, of Otautau, whose business he afterwards purchased. He was initiated in Lodge Aparima, No. 77, N.Z.C., in 1897, and is also a member of the local lodge of Oddfellows. In 1896, he married Grace, daughter of Mr. Francis Moore, of Tasmania.
, headquarters at Invercargill. The Otautau branch of Messrs J. E. Watson and Company, Limited, is domiciled in a large wood and iron building about 210 feet by 45 feet, and stands on the firm's freehold. A large amount of grain is bought and stored, and the buildings, owing to their closeness to the railway station, are very convenient. A complete stock of farm and station requisites, machinery, manures, etc., is kept at the branch.
, Manager, is the son of a very old settler, who had a store at the Bluff about 1856, and owned considerable property in Dunedin. He was born at Milton, in 1870, educated there, and afterwards spent six years and a-half in his brother's store at Mossburn. Mr Dyer joined the firm of Tothill, Watson and Co. about 1896, and after some years spent at the head office of the firm in Invercargill, was transferred to Otautau as branch manager. He takes great interest with horses, and has ridden in races with considerable success. He is a member of the Southland Mounted Rifles, and has taken part, with great success, in the horse competitions of the corps.
(William Saunders, proprietor), Otautau. This mill was established in 1884, as a water-power stone mill, and stands on a site of eighteen acres. Mr Saunders purchased the business in 1888, and in 1894 substituted a complete roller mill plant, which he specially imported. The mill was burned down in 1902, and has since been rebuilt in concrete. A new plant, including elevators, was then erected, with a producing capacity of two sacks a day. The brand “Roller Flour, Otautau Mill,” is well known throughout Southland. Mr Saunders' residence is near the mill, and is a commodious building.
, the Proprietor, was born in 1848, and is the eldest son of Mr Alfred Saunders, a pioneer colonist, and prominent politician. He was educated at Nelson College, brought up to flour-milling in Nelson and Canterbury, and afterwards erected land worked the Ashburton mills, in conjunction with his brothers. In 1884, he removed to Southland, and engaged in farming till he purchased the Otautau flour mill. Mr Saunders served for some time on the Otautau Town Board. In 1882, he was appointed Returning Officer for the Wallace electorate, and has been a Justice of the Peace since 1890. Mr Saunders was married, in 1873, to a daughter of the late Mr William Wilkie, merchant, of Nelson, and has four sons and four daughters.
, Head Miller of the Otautau Roller Flour Mills, was born in 1878, in Invercargill, and was educated at Mandeville. Mr Collett Obtained his first experience in flourmilling at Mr R. Doull's mill, at Mandeville, where he worked for nearly six years. He was afterwards employed for fifteen months on the Southland section of New Zealand railways, and was appointed head miller of the Otautau mills in 1904. Mr Collett is well known as an angler, and has won several medals in fishing competitions in different parts of the South Island. He has also cultivated the art of whistling, in which he excels. Another of his hobbies is fancy wood-carving, in which he is an expert.
(Messrs McCallum and Co., proprietors), Otautau. This mill is situated about three miles from Otautau, to which the timber is hauled over a tramway, which runs alongside the road. Twenty-five persons are employed, and the average output is 100,000 feet per month, all the year. The plant includes an eighteen horse-power boiler, a twenty horse-power engine, and full sets of
, the Manager of the mill, was born at Hythe, Kent, Tasmania, in 1876, and started to work in a fitting shop at Queenstown, Tasmania. There he remained three years, and afterwards drove a locomotive for four years. For some time he was engaged in sawmill work. He had charge of a mill at Zeehan for some time, and afterwards built a mill for the North Mount Lyell Mining and Railway Company, in Kelly's Basin, Macquarie Harbour. After being for a short time a tributer in a tin mine, he was engaged in prospecting for the Tasmanian Government. In July, 1901, he came to New Zealand, and was engaged for about two years with Messrs James More and Sons, at Riverton, in driving a locomotive, and afterwards a steam launch, and for some time in charge of a mill. He came to the Glenburn mill as manager in the beginning of 1904. Mr Bradley holds both New Zealand and Tasmanian first-class competency certificates for locomotive engines. In 1897, he was champion light weight boxer of Tasmania, and, later in the same year, of Australia. He has competed in wrestling, rowing, and cycling contests with considerable success. Mr Bradley is a member of Lodge Wallace, Independent Order of Oddfellows, American Constitution, at Riverton.
(the Southland Timber Company, proprietors), Otautau. This mill lies back in the bush, about three miles and a-half from Otautau, to which the timber is conveyed by tramway. From twelve to fourteen men are employed, and cutting rights are held over 800 acres of bush. The plant comprises a sixteen horse-power portable engine, and a planing machine.
, Manager, was born in Waimate, Canterbury, in 1868, educated there, and brought up on his father's farm. Since he left home, he has been engaged, in various capacities, in sawmill work. For about six years, he worked a mill in Victoria, and, after settling at Otautau, managed one for McPherson Brothers. When in Australia, Mr Newton took part in athletics, and was very successful as a sprint and hurdle runner. For some time he was engaged in making stockwhips for the Queensland market. The mill which he now manages was built by him. In 1892, he married a daughter of Mr W. Boothman, of Victoria, and has one son.
is the name of a flag station on the Riverton-Nightcaps section of New Zealand railways, and of the farming district which surrounds it. The station is four miles from Otautau, and thirty-six from Invercargill, and stands at an elevation of 169 feet above the level of the sea. Waicola is part of the Otautau riding of the county of Wallace, and is in the electorate of Wallace; and, at the census of 1901, it had a population of thirty-eight. Waicola stream, a tributary of the Aparima, runs through the district, which is of a flat, slightly undulating character. Farming operations are carried on all along the railway line, and at the local station there are timber yards which are stocked from a sawmill about three miles away in the bush. The main road from Otautau to Wairio passes through the district.
(Harrington Brothers, proprietors; A. P. Harrington and E. Harrington), Waicola. This mill, which is about three miles from the Waicola railway siding, has a complete plant, comprising a sixteen horse-power engine, two benches, a planing machine, box-cutting plant, and a six horse-power hauling engine. The timber is conveyed to the railway along a
, the Senior Partner, acts as yard manager at the Waicola mill. He was born in 1868, at Riverton, where he was educated. After working for a short period on the Pourakino river, Mr Harrington started sawmilling, and held an interest in the Ringway mill for two years, before starting the Waicola mill, in 1900. He is a member of the Waicola school committee. Mr Harrington was married, in 1893, to a daughter of Mr Andrew Trail, of Riverton, and has three daughters.
, The Junior Partner, Was Born In 1872, At Riverton, And Has Followed Sawmilling Ever Since Leaving School. In 1898, He Acquired An Interest In The Ringway Mill, And In 1900 He And His Brother, Mr E. Harrington, Started The Waicola Mill. Mr Harrington Is A Member Of The Waicola School Committee. He Was Married, In 1897, To A Daughter Of The Late Mr B. Bailey, At One Time Custom House Officer At Riverton, And Has Four Sons And One Daughter.
is partly in the Waiau, and partly in the Wairio, riding of the county of Wallace. The population of the district in the former riding was fifty-three,
was opened in 1892, and telephone communication was established in June, 1902. Mails are received, and despatched, on Wednesdays and Saturdays. The business of the post office is conducted at the residence of Mr J. G. Paterson.
, Postmaster at Scott's Gap, was born at Campsie, Scotland, in 1863, and was brought to Port Chalmers, by his parents, in the same year. He was educated near Cromwell, Central Otago, and brought up to farming by his stepfather—his own father having died shortly after his arrival in New Zealand. Mr Paterson afterwards removed to Southland, where he farmed for some years in partnership with Mr William Todd, under the style of Paterson and Todd. In 1899, he settled at Scott's Gap, where he purchased 302 acres of freehold land, of which over 260 acres were in swamp and tussocks. About 200 acres are now in cultivation, and the property is worked as a mixed farm. Mr Paterson has beea a member of the Scott's Gap hall committee since 1902, and he is also chairman of the Scott's Gap school committee. He was married, in 1897, to a daughter of the late Mr Edward Clothier, of Eyreton, North Canterbury, and has three sons and one daughter.
, Farmer, “Underwood,” Scott's Gap. “Underwood” comprises 447 acres of leasehold, and sixty acres of freehold, and, in addition, there are seventy-seven acres held under a short lease. Mr Dickson was born in 1860, in County Tyrone, Ireland, where he was brought up to farming by his father, with whom he worked till three years before leaving for New Zealand. Mr Dickson arrived at Port Chalmers in 1885, and settled at Wairio, where he worked for some years. In 1890, he commenced farming at Scott's Gap. His land was then in its native state, but about 360 acres have since been brought into cultivation. Mr Dickson has been a member of the Scott's Gap school committee since 1890, and has been chairman for some years. He was married, in 1886, to a daughter of the late Mr Robert Liggertt, of Wairio. His wife died, in March, 1901, leaving six sons and two daughters.
, Farmer, Scott's Gap. Mr McKay was born in Ross-shire, Scotland, in 1868. He was brought to the colony as an infant, by his parents, was educated at Wild Bush and Gummies Bush, and was brought up to farming in the Riverton district. In 1895, Mr McKay took up 168 acres of freehold at Scott's Gap. The property was then only partially improved, but has since been brought into a state of good cultivation. Mr McKay served as a volunteer in the Riverton Rifles for ten years, and has been for some years on the Scott's Gap school committee. He is secretary of the Scott's Gap hall committee, and of the local branch of the New Zealand Farmers' Union. Mr McKay was married, in 1895, to a daughter of Mr John McInerney, a very old Invercargill resident, and has two sons and one daughter.
was originally the name of a large sheep station on the Waiau river, and is more generally spoken of as the Waiau, but Clifden is the name of the postal and school district. About the year 1894, a good deal of the land in the district was cut up by the Government into farms of from 250 to 2,000 acres, and was all taken up by a fine class of people. The climate of the Waiau is described as very mild, and as the soil is good, splendid wheat is grown in the district. Capital cycling roads lead from Otautau, on the Invercargill-Nightcaps line, to a magnificent suspension bridge that crosses the Waiau just alongside the old Clifden home-stead, at a picturesque bend in the river. Clifden is, with its bush-clad limestone cliffs, far-famed caves and trout-stocked waters, well worth a visit from a sightseer or a sportsman. When the railway line from Orepuki is extended to the mouth of the Waiau, the development of the settlement must be accelerated, as there will be means of transit for produce which cannot be profitably grown under existing conditions. Then, there are large areas of bush country which have yet to be exploited for sawmilling purposes. To some extent mining is carried on, and there are dredges on the river. The settlement of Orawia, which is also the name of a tributary of the Waiau, is to the eastward, on the main road from Otautau. It is practically the centre of that part of the Merrivale estate which was cut up some years ago, and is located at the junction of
, Farmer, “Rose-lake,” Clifden. Mr Horrell was born at Portbury, Somersetshire, England, in 1856, and was brought up to farming. He landed at Wellington in 1880, and for some years engaged in general farm work in Southland and Canterbury. He was farming in the Riversdale district for four years, but when the Waiau district was opened up for settlement, he secured 405 acres, which he has since increased to 700 acres. The land is of excellent quality, and very good wheat has been grown upon it. Mr Horrell was a member of the first school committee at Clifden, and is now a member of the Clifden Cemetery Trust. He was married, in 1878, to a daughter of Mr William Seward, of Frankford Farm, Telburn, Devonshire, England, and has five sons and one daughter.
, Farmer, “Wood-vale,” Clifden. “Woodvale” consists of 467 acres of land, and is worked as a mixed farm. The proprietor breeds Leicester and Romney Marsh sheep, and Hereford cattle, which he exhibits at the Invercargill, Gore, and Riverton shows. Mr King is elsewhere referred as a member of the Wallace County Council.
, Farmer, Riverview Farm, Clifden. Mr Whyte took up land in the Clifden district in 1893, and now holds a farm of 422 acres, on which he conducts mixed farming. He has grown splendid wheat, but the distance from the market precludes the successful cultivation of that grain. Mr Whyte was born at Blackford, in Perthshire, Scotland, in 1851, and came to New Zealand, with his parents, in 1863. He worked for his father until he attained his 22nd year, when he took up land at Homebush, Sheffield, Canterbury. After holding land there for eight years, he took up land successively on the Waimea Plains, at Heddon Bush, and at Gore; but left the latter place on the opening of the Waiau settlement. Mr Whyte has had long service as a school committeeman, and has been two years chairman of the Clifden committee. He takes a keen interest in the affairs of the Presbyterian church. Mr Whyte was married, in 1874, to a daughter of Mr Archibald Smart, farmer, Courtenay, Canterbury, and has a family of six sons and four daughters.
arrived in Otago by the ship “John Wickliffe,” in 1848. He was born at Cleggate, in Surrey, England, in 1835, and in November, 1847, left for New
is on the main road from Otautau to Clifden, on the Waiau river, and, at the census of 1901, it had a population of only seventeen. The district is in the electorate of Wallace and in the Waiau riding of the Wallace county. It has a post office and public school, and dairy-farming is extensively carried on by the settlers. The local cheese factory is worked on co-operative lines, and is the property of the neighbouring farmers. Eastern Bush is five miles from Clifden and seven from Orawia. Services in connection with the Presbyterian church are held in the district.
, Eastern Bush. This factory was erected, and is owned, by the Waiau Dairy Factory Company, Limited, which is a farmers' co-operative association. It is built on five acres of land, and is a well-equipped cheese factory. Its engine-room measures 23 feet by 18 feet, and has a five horse-power boiler, and two and a-half horse-power engine. The receiving-room is 12 feet by 12 feet; making-room, 25 feet by 25 feet; and the curing-room, 30 feet by 25 feet. The output is from 55 to 60 tons.
, Cheesemaker in the Waiau Dairy Factory, was born at Pine Bush, in 1883, educated there, and brought up on the farm of his father. In 1899, he started work in the Seaward Downs Factory, and served there two seasons. He then went to the Wyndham factory for one season, and was appointed to the Waiau factory in October, 1903. At the 1903 winter show of the Otago Agricultural and Pastoral Association, he was awarded first prize (a gold medal) for the best five hundredweight of cheese from a factory with a 40-ton output.
, Sheepfarmer, Eastern Bush. Mr McCall holds at Eastern Bush a farm of 203 acres, in addition to a small run of 1,350 acres in the Belmount district, known as McIvor's Hill, and managed by one of his sons. Mr McCall was born in 1844, at Girvan. Scotland, educated at the Grammar School there, and brought up to farming on the farm of his father, who was for thirty years a road engineer in Girvan. He came to New Zealand in 1866 by the ship “William Davie,” and worked on farms and stations in the Taieri and Tokomairiro districts. In 1882, he removed to the Eastern Bush district, and took up his present farm, then in its natural state. He was the first settler in the district. Mr McCall has seen much service on the Eastern Bush school committee, as its chairman, treasurer, or secretary; and is an elder of the Waiau Presbyterian church. He was married, in 1881, to a daughter of the late Mr David Warnock, farmer, of Seaward Bush, and has a family of four sons and three daughters. As he served with a survey party throughout a large part of Southland in the years 1877–1880, Mr McCall has a comprehensive knowledge of the district.
, as a name, is not confined solely to one place. It is borne by a riding in the county of Wallace. At the census of 1901, the riding had a population of 1,211; it includes the settlements between Waimatuku and Wild Bush, and extends to Groper's Bush, Gummies Bush, Fairfax and Lumsden Plains. It does not, however, include the prosperous settlement of Aparima, which is in the Wairio riding of the county of Southland, and in the electoral district of Wallace. There is also a river named the Aparima, which takes its rise below the Aparima and Spence peaks of the Takitimo mountains, commonly called the Takitimos. These two peaks rise respectively to heights of 5,200 feet and 5,382 feet, and the river passes the settlements of Nightcaps, Otautau, and Thornbury, and empties itself into the sea at Howell's roads, Riverton. Aparima, as a farming district, is remarkably well watered by the Opio, Waicola and Wairio streams. The settlement extends from the western bank of the Aparima river to and beyond the railway line from Otautau to Nightcaps. Its northern boundary is the line of hundred which separates it from Wairio, and the district extends southward for some five or six miles, and adjoins Scott's Gap on the west. There is a flag railway station known as Aparima, which is twenty-nine miles from Invercargill, and stands at an elevation of 169 feet above the level of the sea. The Aparima post office is eight miles from Otautau, and five miles from Wairio. It dates from 1898; two mails are received, and despatched, weekly, and the postal business is conducted at the local store. A public school and a Methodist church are the only public buildings in the district. Aparima is a rich agricultural and dairy-farming district, and much of the land has long been in a good state of cultivation.
was established in 1898, and is conducted at the local store. It occupies a central position in the district, adjoining the Wesleyan church, and the public school, and is about eight miles from Otautau, and five from Wairio. Mails are received, and despatched, on Wednesdays and Fridays.
, who has been Postmaster at Aparima since 1899, was born in the Isle of Skye, Scotland, in 1830. He arrived in Victoria in 1853, and was engaged in the construction of railways, roads, and other public works in that colony till 1863, when he came to New Zealand. Mr Campbell followed similar employment in New Zealand till 1890, when he returned to Victoria, and resided there for eight years. In 1899, Mr Campbell came again to New Zealand, and accepted the position of postmaster at Aparima. He was married, in December, 1858, to a daughter of Mr Thomas Bilston, of Sinclair station, Victoria. Mrs Campbell conducts the Aparima store.
, Farrier and General Blacksmith, Aparima. This business was established in 1902, and the smithy and residence, both buildings of wood and iron, occupy a site of an acre. Mr Anderson was born in 1870, at Tuapeka, where he was educated and brought up as a farrier and blacksmith. He worked at his trade for seven years, and then became engine-driver on a gold dredge at Tuapeka. Four years later, he removed to Catlins, where was employed as engine-driver on a sawmill for two years. He afterwards resided for two years at Waicola, when he removed to Aparima, and established his present business. As a Freemason, Mr Anderson is a member of the Balclutha Lodge, New Zealand Constitution, and, as an Oddfellow, he is a member of the lodge at Catlins. For four years he served in the Tuapeka Rifles. Mr Anderson was married, in 1902, to a daughter of Mr James Thomas Park, of Waianiwa, and has one son and one daughter.
, Farmer, Aparima. Mr Carrick was born in 1858, in County Armagh, Ireland, where he was brought up to farming by his father. He came to Port Chalmers by the ship “Timaru,” in 1868, and, two years later, settled at the Taieri, where he was working manager on Mr James Shand's estate for four years and a-half. He was afterwards engaged
, Farmer, Aparima. Mr Clent was born in 1869, at Waitati, Otago, where he was educated and brought up to farming. He followed farming at Balclutha and in the western district till July, 1903, when he bought 100 acres of freehold at Aparima. The land was then only partially improved, but Mr Clent has it. Dairying and grain - growing since drained, fenced, and sub-divided are carried on, and as much as seventy bushels of oats per acre have been obtained as a first crop. Mr Clent was married, in September, 1897, to a daughter of Mr Richard James, of Aparima, and has two sons.
, “Netley,” Aparima. Mr Coombes was born at Netley, St. Austell, Cornwall, England, in 1862. He came to New Zealand with his parents in the ship “Wellington,” and arrived at Port Chalmers in 1875. Shortly after his arrival, he entered the employment of the late Mr Andrew Cameron, storekeeper. On removing to Canterbury, with his parents, he was employed by Captain Parker of Springfield; and then, in conjunction with his father, he carried out a number of road contracts in various parts of Canterbury. In the year 1884, Mr Coombes removed to Southland, and followed up contracting. He bought 220 acres of freehold at Aparima in 1888; the property was then in a very rough condition, but has since been brought into a high state of cultivation, and the land produces luxuriant crops and carries a large number of crossbred sheep. Mr Coombes has been a member of the Aparima school committee from its inception, was chairman for the first three years, and has since held office as secretary and treasurer. He is also trustee and secretary of the Aparima Wesleyan church. Mr Coombes was married, in May, 1892, to a daughter of Mr Richard James, one of the pioneer settlers of Southland, and has two daughters.
, Farmer, Opio Farm, Aparima. Mr Hardwick's farm, which is on the banks of the Opio creek, consists of 372 acres of freehold, and is devoted to mixed farming. The proprietor is a son of Mr John Hardwick, who is elsewhere referred to as an old colonist.
(Stephen James and Richard George James), Farmers, “Spring Meadow,” Aparima. Messrs James and Son's property consists of 275 acres of freehold, and is worked as a mixed farm.
, the Senior Partner, was born in 1841, in the parish of Bodmin, Cornwall, England, where he was brought up to farming. He arrived at the Bluff in January, 1864, by the ship “Edward Thorn-hill,” and a month later settled in the Wrey's Bush district. Mr James was employed in the district till 1875, when he took up land and commenced farming on his own account. His land was then in tussocks, swamp, flax and rushes, but has since been brought into cultivation. Mr James took his son, Mr R. G. James, into partnership in 1902. Mr James served for a term on the Wrey's Bush school committee, and held office as a trustee of the Methodist church. He was married, in December, 1874, to a daughter of the late Mr James Gard, of Cornwall, and has two sons.
, the Junior Partner, was born in May, 1878, in Wrey's Bush District. He was educated at a private school and at Wrey's Bush public school, and was brought up to farming by his father. Mr James was married, on the 31st of December, 1900, to a daughter of Mr Alexander Robson, of Aparima, and has two sons
, Junior, Farmer, Aparima. Mr James, who is the second son of Mr R. James, was born in 1868 at Wrey's Bush. He was educated at Otautau, and was brought up to farming by his father.
, Farmer, Aparima Mr James was born in 1866, at Wrey's Bush, was educated at Otautau, and brought up to farming by his father, Mr Richard James. He took up 279 acres of freehold in 1894, and has brought the land, which was then all in tussocks, to a good state of cultivation. Mr James is a member of the Aparima school committee, and is one of the trustees of the Aparima Wesleyan church. He was married, in 1893, to a daughter of Mr John Hardwick, of Aparima, and has three daughters.
, Farmer, “Mount Eric,” Aparima. Mr Lightfoot was born in March, 1861, at Wadebridge, Cornwall, England. He was engaged in farmwork until he was twenty-one, when he enlisted in the 46th Duke of Cornwall's Light Infantry. Mr Lightfoot served in England, Ireland and Egypt, and was one of the expedition sent out to relieve General Gordon, 1884–86. He received a medal for the expedition, and also the Khedive's medal. Mr Lightfoot arrived at the Bluff by the s.s. “Arawa” in 1889, and worked with his uncle for two years at Benmore station, and was afterwards employed for nearly two years at Avondale station. After 1894, he settled at Aparima and bought 116 acres of freehold, which was then in its rough state, but which has since been almost entirely brought under cultivation. Mr Lightfoot has been a member of the Aparima school committee since its inception, and is one of the stewards of the Wesleyan church. He married the second daughter of the late Mr Thomas Rowse, of Mevagiasey, Cornwall, and has one son and one daughter. Mrs Lightfoot was a nurse at the Cornwall County Asylum for seven years before her marriage.
, Farmer, Opio Downs, Aparima. Mr Robson was born on the 16th of May, 1852, in County Down, Ireland, where he was brought up to dairy-farming by his father. He arrived at Port Chalmers by the ship “Christian McCausland,” in 1871, and was employed for some years by the late Mr James Mackintosh, sometime member of Parliament. Mr Robson afterwards purchased a farm at Drummond, but sold out in 1880, and removed to Aparima where he bought a portion of the Opio Downs, and subsequently increased his holding to 400 acres. The greater portion of the land was then in tussocks, and raupu swamp, and the draining has proved a most expensive undertaking. Mr Robson estimates that draining and laying down the property in grass cost fully £8 per acre, but this outlay has been fully recouped by the excellent crops obtained from the land. A crop of turnips was followed by two crops of Tuscan wheat, and these not only recouped the cost of improvements, but also the original cost of the land. Mr Robson is a director of the Southland Farmers Co-operative Society, chairman of the Aparima branch of the New Zealand Farmers' Union, and an elder of the Wairio Presbyterian church. He was married, in 1880, to a daughter of the late Mr William Warnock, of North Invercargill, and has three sons and four daughters. The eldest daughter is married to Mr R. G. James, of Aparima.
, who is well known throughout the Aparima district, was born in 1829, in Buckinghamshire, England, where he was brought up to farming. He arrived in Lyttelton in 1870, by the ship “Zealandia,” and commenced farming near Christchurch. In 1874, he removed to the Ashburton district, where he carried on farming till 1881. In that year. Mr Hardwick took up land in the Aparima district, and was engaged in farming there till he attained the age of seventy. Mr Hardwick was for some time a member of the school committee at Seafield, near Ashburton. He married Miss Foshel, of Huntingdonshire, England, who died, on the 31st of August, 1895, leaving four sons and four daughters.
is a portion of the Wairio riding of the county of Southland. At the census of 1901, the riding had a total population of 1,443. At the same time the population of the village and neighbourhood was 271, to which should be added forty-four near Woodlaw railway station, and forty-seven at Opio. The railway from Otautau to Nightcaps passes through the district, and the flag station is forty-three miles distant from Invercargill, and 420 feet above the level of the sea. There is also a second station, about one mile nearer Otautau, known as Woodlaw. The main road from Otautau to Nightcaps passes through the district, which is watered by the Opio, Waicola, and Wairio streams, all tributaries of the Aparima river. A large property in the vicinity of Wairio, long known as Waicola estate, has been cut up for closer settlement. The local school stands at the corner of the Otautau, Nightcaps, and Scott's Gap roads, and had an average attendance of forty-five children in 1904. The township of Wairio adjoins the railway station, and may be said to occupy a central position, between the settlements of Scott's Gap and Wrey's Bush; and the southern boundary is the line of hundred which separates the district from Aparima. The township of Nightcaps was originally included in the Wairio district. Wairio has a Presbyterian church, a hall, an hotel, and a store, at which the business of the post office and telegraph departments is conducted. The settlement is twelve miles from Otautau, five miles from Aparima, six miles from Scott's Gap, and five miles from Wrey's Bush.
, Farrier and General Blacksmith, Wairio. This business was established in 1881, and the shop stands on a section of half an acre of land, close to the main road. Mr Bates' residence is in Stanley Street, where he owns six acres of land. Mr Bates was born on the 1st of September, 1856, at Riverton, where he was educated and learned his trade. He worked for some years at Riverton and Otautau before establishing his present business. As a Freemason, he is attached to Lodge Wallace, Otautau; he served as a volunteer in the Riverton Rifles for five years. Mr Bates was married, in November, 1896, to a daughter of Mr John Kelly, of Makarewa, and has one son and three daughters.
, Farmer, “Greenmont,” Wairio. Mr Liggett was born in 1856, in County Tyrone, Ireland, where he was educated and brought up to farming. He came to Port Chalmers by the ship “Napier”—formerly known as the “James Nicol Fleming”—and worked in the Clutha district for about a year. Shortly afterwards, he bought a farm at Wairio, where he has erected a comfortable homestead, and has converted the land from its original tussocks to a good state of cultivation. The condition of the property when purchased by Mr Liggett can be imagined, when it is stated that he was so benighted one evening that he tired himself out in attempting to find his way to his hut, and ultimately had to sleep in the tussocks. Mr Liggett has been a member of the Aparima school committee, and is one of the trustees of the Aparima Methodist church. He was married, on the 29th of June, 1893, to a daughter of the late Mr James Holmes, of County Tyrone, Ireland. This lady died on the 18th of April, 1897, leaving two sons and two daughters. Mr Liggett was married a second time, on the 29th of September, 1900, to a daughter of Mr Joseph Peart, of Dunedin, and has one son by this marriage.
lies within the Wairio riding of the county of Wallace, and in the Wallace electoral district. It extends from the settlement of Wairio to, and beyond, Aparima, or Jacob's river, and had a population of 289 at the census of 1901. The district is said to be named after its first settler, but the post office is known as Annandale. It is conducted at one of the local stores, and has been connected by telephone since 1899. Mails are received, and despatched, on Mondays, Wednesdays, and Fridays, each week. Wrey's Bush is twelve miles from Otautau, five miles from Nightcaps, four and a-half miles from Wairio, four miles from Aparima, and eighteen miles from Winton. The district is mostly flat, and the bush with which it was originally covered has entirely disappeared, with the exception of a few very small patches. For a number of years there was a public school in the district, under the control of a local committee, but as the majority of the settlers belong to the Roman Catholic church, that body established a convent and convent school, and ultimately purchased and removed the school building to a site on its own property. This denominational school, therefore, is the only school in the district. St. Peter's church and the Roman Catholic presbytery are centrally situated and there is no other church
, Farmer, Annandale Farm, Wrey's Bush. Mr Newton's property has been accupied by him since 1886, and consists of 220 acres of freehold. Certain improvements had been effected in the property before its purchase by Mr Newton, but it has since been further greatly improved, and is now in excellent condition. Mr Newton is further referred to, in another part of this volume, as a member of the Wallace County Council.
, Farmer, Bridge Farm, Wrey's Bush. Mr Power settled on his property at Wrey's Bush, in 1878. The land, consisting of 653 acres of freehold, was then covered with tussocks, but has since been brought into a good state of cultivation. Mr Power is further referred to on another page of this volume as a member of the Wallace County Council.
is situated at an altitude of 635 feet, and commands a view of the distant Princess range, Takitimo mountains, Mount Linton, the rolling downs stretching towards Wairio, and a portion of the Birchwood run. Nightcaps was originally surveyed by the Coal Company, in 1880, and the allotments, when put up by auction, realised fair prices. Before that time the company had been developing the mine, but it was not until 1882 that it commenced to send coal by rail to Invercargill. The output has steadily increased, and the industry has naturally had a beneficial effect on the growth of the settlement, which, at the census of 1901, had a population of 373. The district possesses good pastoral country, rears fat stock for the central markets, and sends away large quantities of grain, wool and coal. Trout abound in the Morley and Aparima. The township is in the Wairio riding of the county of Wallace, and in the electoral district of Wallace. The railway station, which is close to the local coal mine, stands at an elevation of 555 feet above sea level, and is forty-five miles from Invercargill. The line from Nightcaps to Wairio is the property of the Nightcaps Coal Company, but it is worked under arrangement by the Government. A good deal of the township is on high land, particularly where the mine is situated, but to the westward there is a considerable dip in the land, and on the flat below there are a good many dwellings. The country beyond, towards Waiau, consists of fairly level and fertile land. The Opio, Waicola, and Wairio streams run through the Nightcaps district. In the township there are three stores, two saddlers' and two blacksmiths' shops, a bakery, and an hotel. The local post office, which is also a telephone bureau, receives, and despatches, daily mails. Nightcaps is also a sub-police district, with a resident constable. The public school is attended by 113 scholars, on an average, and there is a manse and Presbyterian church, the township being the headquarers of the Wairio-Nightcaps parish of that church. There is also a Methodist church in the township.
(Walter Jaggers and John Dempster), General Blacksmiths and Farriers, Nightcaps. This business was established in 1899 by Mr Gibbon, and was taken over by the present firm in 1904. The building is of wood, and has a forge and all the other appliances necessary for a well-appointed smith's shop.
was born in 1878, at Invercargill, where he was educated. He was brought up as a blacksmith and farrier at Waimatuku and Riversdale, and worked at his trade at various places for several years before settling at Nightcaps.
was born in Ross-shire, Scotland, in 1878, and was brought by his father to New Zealand in 1880. He was educated at Nightcaps, and was employed as a blacksmith by the Nightcaps Coal Company until joining Mr Jaggers in 1904.
Clapp, John Osborne, General Storekeeper and Saddler, Nightcaps. Mr. Clapp, who conducts his business in a commodious and substantial brick store, is a leading man in the district. He was born at Flint's Bush, Southland, and received his education at the District High School, Riverton, and was afterwards apprenticed there to the saddlery trade with Mr Ireland. Subsequently, he took charge of the saddlery department of Messrs. Whittingham Bros, and Instone's business at Thornbury. In 1883, he commenced as a saddler at Nightcaps and seven years later added the business of a general storekeeper. Mr. Clapp acts as treasurer of the cricket club, and is an office-bearer of the Presbyterian church. He was initiated into Freemasonry in Lodge Aparima, No. 77, N.Z.C., in June, 1894, but owing to the distance from Riverton, is unable to take a prominent part in the working of his lodge. Mr. Clapp was married in 1882 to a daughter of Mr. William Johnston, of Annandale, who was formerly chairman of the Wallace County Council and a member of the Southland Provincial Council, of which
, Avondale Station, Nightcaps. Mr. McKinnon was born in the Isle of Syke, Scotland, in 1866, and is the eldest son of the late Mr. Donald McKinnon, formerly manager and overseer to the late Mr. Thomas Sutton, of Thornbury, Southland. He was educated in Southland, became a shepherd on Mr. Sutton's run, and afterwards served Messrs Murray, Roberts and Co., in a similar capacity. He was subsequently head shepherd to the late Captain Stevens, but rejoined his former employers in 1891, when he was appointed manager of the Ringway estate, which ten or twelve years afterwards was sub-divided for closer settlement. Mr. McKinnon takes a keen interest in Freemasonry. He was initiated in Lodge Aparima, No. 77, N.Z.C., Riverton, in 1893. In 1895, he was elected Worshipful Master, and filled the office so satisfactorily that he was re-elected for a further term. He is also Past Chief Templar of the Silver Star Lodge, I.O.O.G.T., No. 107, Otautau, and is a member of the Wallace licensing committee. Mr. McKinnon was married, in 1895, to Christina, daughter of Mr. E. McKinnon, of Edendale, Southland.
(Nightcaps Coal Company, Limited, Proprietors); head office, Invercargill. This mine was opened up for the delivery of coal on the 3rd of March, 1883. Coal had been discovered in the district as far back as 1870, by Captain Thomson, formerly pilot at the Bluff, but the discovery was not followed up till April, 1880, when the present company commenced operations. It took nearly three years to develop the mine, by driving levels into the hillside. The total length of the adit is thirty-two chains, and after the first eighteen chains, the drive takes a dip of forty-five feet in each four chains. The hauling is effected by an eight horse-power winding machine, which draws the trucks up an incline of eighteen chains in length, with an average fall of one-in-eight. There is also a twenty-two horse-power engine outside the mine. A powerful Tangye pump, capable of discharging 7,500 gallons of water per hour, keeps the mine free of water by one hour's work per day. The aeration of the mine is accomplished, by a Hays ventilator fan of nine feet diameter, which makes about 100 revolutions per minute. A boiler, measuring six by fourteen feet, stands on the surface, and produces steam for the fan, winding-engins and pump below. The Nightcaps Coal Company owns a line of railway from the mine to Wairio station, a distance of two miles and a-half, and this line is worked by the Government, by special arrangement with the company. Ninety-eight men are employed in the mine, and the output of coal for the year 1903 was 40,000 tons.
, Manager of the Nightcaps Coal Mine, was born in 1854, in Radnorshire, Wales. He was educated at Welsh public schools, and was brought up to mining. Mr Lloyd came to Lyttelton by the ship “Waitara,” in 1879, and was employed at Rangitata until 1880, when he was appointed manager of the Nightcaps mine. During the first two years sixteen men were employed in developing the workings, which have all been opened up under Mr Lloyd's direction. As a Freemason, Mr Lloyd joined Lodge Aparima, and afterwards transferred to Lodge Wallace, of Winton. He was married on the 22nd of October 1890, to a daughter of the late Mr John Tudor Jenkins, of West Bromwich, Staffordshire, England, and has three sons and three daughters.
is a rural district, ten miles from Invercargill by railway, and twelve miles by road. It is in the Wallacetown riding of the county of Southland, and in the electoral district of Awarua. The population, at the census of 1901, was 218. The whole countryside, in the early days of the settlement, was one dense bush, of which many pretty patches still remain, to remind the old pioneers what the country was like when they first saw it. The main road from Invercargill to Winton passes through Ryal Bush, and also the Invercargill-Kingston line of railway. Seven miles further on, is the borough town of Winton, which is also connected by an excellent cycling road, which passes through the fertile district of Forest Hill. The district is supposed to have taken its name from an early settler named Ryal. Ryal
was established in 1893, and is conducted at the schoolhouse. Mails are received on Mondays, Wednesdays and Fridays in each week, and the outward mails are despatched on Tuesdays, Thursdays and Saturdays. Mr John Officer, headmaster of the publie school, acts as postmaster.
was established in the early seventies. The building, which is of wood, occupies part of a section of three acres of land, the gift of Mr James Blaikie. There is accommodation for fifty children, and the average attendance is about thirty. There is a good playground, well sheltered by a plantation of trees, and a school residence of six rooms and offices. There is also a public hall erected on the property.
, Headmaster of the Ryal Bush public school, was born in 1852, at Deeside, Aberdeenshire, Scotland, where he was partly educated. Mr Officer came out to Port Chalmers by the ship “Schleswig Bride,” and finished his education at the Training College, Dunedin. He was afterwards appointed teacher at Limestone Plains, and was at the Training College in Dunedin for two years, Mr Officer was for a short time in charge of Heddon Bush, and was subsequently teacher at Chatton for four years, before he was appointed headmaster at Ryal Bush in 1895. He was married, in 1895, to a daughter of Mr James Marshall, of Chatton, and has one son and three daughters.
, Ryal Bush, is one of the oldest churches in Southland. Its oldest portion was built in 1861, and consecrated by Bishop Harper, of Christchurch, when Southland was part of his diocese. The building, which is of wood and iron, has since been enlarged, and is surrounded by a neatly-kept cemetery, The church has accommodation for one hundred and twenty people, and services are regularly held by the vicar of Winton, who is assisted by a lay reader.
, Farmer, “Sunnyside,” Ryal Bush. Mr Blaikie was born in 1847, in Roxburghshire, Scotland, where he was educated. He accompanied his father to Port Chalmers, in 1860, by the ship “Robert Henderson,” and was brought up to farming in the Ryal Bush district. Mr Blaikie is owner of 300 acres of freehold, which he acquired in 1874, and he has brought his property to a fine state of cultivation. He has been a member of the Ryal Bush school committee on two or three occasions. Mr Blaikie was married, in 1891, to a daughter of Mr Thomas Hodgkinson, of Hanley, Staffordshire, England, and has three sons and two daughters.
(James Clark and David Clark), Farmers, Threshing Mill and Flax Mill Proprietors, “Stuarton,” Ryal Bush. This firm owns 200 acres of freehold, besides a traction engine, three portable engines, three threshing mills, and a flax mill, which is situated near Makarewa Junction railway station. The threshing mills are kept busy during the season, and in the off season the power is used to work the flax mill. From twenty-five to thirty men are employed by the firm.
, the Senior Partner, was born in 1872, in Greenock, Scotland, and accompanied his parents to the Bluff by the ship “Peter Denny,” in 1875. He was educated and brought up in the Ryal Bush district, and established his present business in 1889. He was married, in January, 1901, to a daughter of the late Mr James Fraser, of Forest Hill, and has one daughter.
, the Junior Partner, was born near Greenock, Scotland, in 1874, and was brought to the Bluff by the ship “Peter Denny,” in 1875. Mr Clark was educated and brought up in the Ryal Bush district, and joined his brother in partnership in 1899.
, Farmer, “Dean Burn,” Ryal Bush. Mr McIntosh was born in Roxburghshire, Scotland, and came out to New Zealand by the ship “Adamant,” in 1875. On arrival he settled in the Ryal Bush district, where he was employed for four years by the late Mr James Blaikie. He afterwards took up a small section of thirty-six acres of freehold, covered with heavy bush, which has since been cleared and is devoted to mixed farming. A visitor to “Dean Burn” is impressed by the manner in which the sheep follow their owner, answer to their names, and allow themselves to be handled. They are evidently pets, and feed confidently from the hand. Mr McIntosh's
, sometime of “Woodend,” Ryal Bush, was born in 1852, in Inverness-shire, Scotland, where he was brought up to farming. He came out to New Zealand by the ship “Robert Henderson,” in 1863, and took up 400 acres at Ryal Bush. The land was then covered with bush, but Mr Blaikie lived to see it brought to a fine state of eultivation. The homestead is well appointed in every respect, and is surrounded by beautifully laid out lawns, flower borders and walks. Mr Blaikie was for many years a member of the Wallacetown Presbyterian church. He was married, in 1889, to a daughter of Mr George Coombes, of Ryal Bush, and he died on the 15th of April, 1902. Mrs Blaikie was born in London, and came to New Zealand with her father's family by the ship “Western Monarch,” and has since resided in the Ryal Bush district. Since her husband's death, she has sold 300 acres of the property and retains the rest as a homestead.
Was One Of The Earliest Settlers In The Ryal Bush Bush District, And Was Born In Roxburghshire, Scotland, In 1829. He Came To Port Chalmers By The Ship “Robert Henderson,” In 1860. After Residing About Six Months In Dunedin, Mr Blaikie Borrowed An Old Hack, And Rode South From Dunedin To The Ryal Bush District, Where He Bought Property, And Became A Large Landholder. Before His Death, In 1896, Mr Blaikie Divided His Property Among His Sons, Of Whom He Left Six, Besides Two Daughters. In The Early Days Of The Settlement, Before The Formation Of Roads And The Construction Of Bridges, Mr Blaikie Had Many Rough Experiences Which Were Fully Shared By His Young Family. In Order To Reach His Property, He Frequently Had To Walk Along A Mere Survey Track, And Often Had To Ford The Streams Between Ryal Bush And Invercargill.
, as a name, is applied to a flag station on the Invercargill-Kingston line of railway, and also to a farming district. The station is twelve miles from Invercargill, and stands 106 feet above the level of the sea, and the settlement is in the electoral district of Awarua, and in the Wallacetown riding of the county of Southland. Its population was not separately assessed at the census of 1901. The country is flat, and was originally covered with bush, which has been almost all cleared away to make room for settlement. The main road from Invercargill to the Lake district passes through the settlement, and is almost unsurpassable for cycling. Wilson's Crossing, as a district, is bounded on the north by Forest Hill, and on the south by Ryal Bush; and on the west lies the postal district of Tussock Creek. The post office at Ryal Bush is generally used by the settlers, and there are no public buildings in the district.
, Farmer, “Rose Bank,” Wilson's Crossing. Mr Gilmour was born in 1860 in County Derry, Ireland, where he was educated and brought up to farming. He came to Port Chalmers by the ship “Canterbury,” and shortly afterwards settled at Thornbury, where he was engaged in farming for about twelve years. He afterwards sold out his interest, and removed to Oroti Plains. After farming for nine years in that district, he again sold out, and in July, 1901, bought 406 acres of land known as “Rose Bank.” Mr Gilmour is well known as a breeder of Clydesdale and trotting horses. Since 1884, he has been a member of the Riverton Lodge of Oddfellows, and has passed all the chairs. He served on the school committee at Pahia for six years and at Oreti for seven years. Mr Gilmour was married, in 1881, to a daughter of Mr John White, of County Antrim, Ireland, and has four sons and two daughters.
, Farmer, Wilson's Crossing. Mr Wilson was born in 1839, in Ayrshire, Scotland, where he was brought up to farming. He came to Port Chalmers by the ship “Jura” in 1860, and was one of the early arrivals at the Gabriel's Gully diggings. Shortly afterwards, he bought a team of horses, and commenced business as a carrier to the goldfields, and drove to the Dunstan and Wakatipu for many years. Mr Wilson afterwards acquired about 600 acres of land at Wilson's Crossing, where he grazes 1,000 sheep. He has been a breeder of English Leicester sheep and Clydesdale horses, with which he has taken both first and second prizes at the Invercargill shows. The settlement of Wilson's crossing takes its name from him.
district is known also as South Forest Hill, and lies between North Forest Hill and Grove Bush, on both sides of the creek after which it is named, which is a tributary of the river Makarewa. The locality is to the eastward of the Invercargill-Kingston line of railway, and the nearest railway station is at Wilson's Crossing, about four miles distant from the post office. There is a school known as the South Forest Hill school. The post office receives, and despatches, mails on Tuesdays and Fridays in each week, and is six miles from Grove Bush, and three miles from South Forest Hill school. There are two sawmills in the district. A good deal of fine bush yet remains to be cut out, and the land is of good quality and mostly flat. Tussock Creek is in the Winton riding of the county of Southland, and in the electorate of Awarua. The population, at the census of 1901, was recorded for the South Forest Hill district as 138. Presbyterian church services are held once a fortnight at Tussock Creek.
was opened in the eighties. It is a wood and iron building, and stands on a ten-acre section, part of which is covered by native bush. The classroom and porch have accommodation for thirty pupils, and in 1904 there were twenty-two names on the roll, and an average attendance of sixteen. There is a schoolhouse of four rooms on the property.
, who has been in charge of the South Forest Hill School since 1901, was born at Hokonai. She was educated at the Bluff, and served as a pupil teacher at the Middle School, Invercargill, for two years, before receiving her present appointment.
, sometime of South Forest Hill, Tussock Creek, was born in 1836, in Inverness, Scotland, where he was brought up to farming. He arrived at Port Chalmers by the ship “Storm Cloud,” in 1861, and worked for some time at Molyneaux, and afterwards on the diggings. About 1865, Mr Fraser took up 160 acres of land at South Forest Hill, where he erected his homestead and afterwards increased his holding to 240 acres. The property was originally in a rough condition, but has since been brought into a good state of cultivation. Mr Fraser was for some time a member of the South Forest Hill school committee. He was married, on the 16th of June, 1870, to a daughter of the late Mr Donald McConachie, of Argyleshire. Scotland, and at his death on the 11th of January, 1890, left two sons and four
is the postal name of the Forest Hill district. The settlement is on the Invercargill-Kingston line of railway, and on the main road from Invercargill to the Lake district. It is in the Winton riding of the county of Southland, and in the electorate of Awarua. At the census of 1901, the population of Forest Hill was set down at thirty-eight, and the population of Lochiel, likewise at thirty-eight. The flag railway station, known as Forest Hill, is fifteen miles from Invercargill, and four miles from Winton, and stands 121 feet above the level of the sea. The tablet signal system is in operation. Elderslie is the name given to the public school, which is close to the railway station. It was established about 1880, and had an average attendance, in 1904, of thirty-five pupils. Lochiel has had a postal service for about twenty years, and the business has been conducted at the school since 1894. The Forest Hill sawmill is connected with the railway station by a tramway four miles in length. Generally, the land of the district is undulating, and is still graced with considerable patches of the original native bush. Tussock creek passes through the district, and the Aparima river runs on its western boundary. Lochiel was constituted a River Board district in 1901, chiefly with a view to the effective drainage of the land.
was established in June, 1903. The next signals on either side are at Winton and Makarewa Junction. The flag station at Forest Hill has been established many years, and the business of the railway department at this point isu nder the care of the porter in charge.
. Officer in charge of the Forest Hill Tablet Signal Station, was born in Oxfordshire, England, in 1844. He went to sea as a youth, and served twelve years in the Royal Navy, in various parts of the world. Mr Sammons came to the Bluff, by the ship “Zealandia,” in 1872, and joined the New Zealand railway service, in which he held the position of guard until he was appointed officer in charge of the Forest Hill fag station. Mr Sammons was married, in 1899, to the widow of the late Mr Thomas Mills, of Invercargill. Mrs Sammons had five sons and three daughters by her former marriage.
, Farmer, Wetherlie Farm. Lochiel. Mr Chrystal was born on the 15th of May, 1844, in Perthshire, Scotland, where he was brought up as a practical farmer, on his father's estate. He came to New Zealand by the ship “Helenslea,” in 1868, and settled in North Otago, where he took up land and engaged in farming for twenty years. Mr Chrystal removed to Southland in 1888 and bought Wetherlie Farm, a property of 240 acres of freehold, which he has brought into good cultivation. Mr Chrystal is well known throughout New Zealand as a successful breeder of Clydesdale horses, Border Leicester sheep, and Ayreshire cattle, and he has frequently taken top prices for rams at the Winton markets. Mr Chrystal
, Farmer, “Fassifern,” Forest Hill. Mr Cameron is a son of the late Mr Dugald Cameron, one of the pioneer settlers of Forest Hill, and was born at Forest Hill in 1871. He was brought up to farming in the district, and acquired his present property in 1889. His farm consists of 450 acres of freehold, and eighty acres of leasehold, and is in a good state of cultivation. Mr Cameron is named after his grandfather, the late Mr Duncan Cameron, who came out to the colony and lived and died at Forest Hill.
, Farmer, “Oak Bank,” Lochiel. Mr O'Brien was born in 1856 in county Kerry, Ireland, where he was educated and brought up to farming. He came to New Zealand by the ship “Waitangi,” in 1875, and was employed for six years at Otaio, near Timaru. Mr O'Brien removed to Southland on the 29th of June. 1899, and purchased a farm at South Hillend. Having effected numerous improvements on the farm, he sold out, and bought his present property, of 480 acres at Lochiel. While a resident at South Hillend, Mr O'Brien was for fourteen years a member of the school committee, and he is now a member of the South Forest Hill school committee. Mr O'Brien was married, in February, 1882, to a daughter of the late Mr Michael Corrigan, of King's County, Ireland, and has three sons and six daughters.
, Sometime Of Forest Hill, Was Born Near Killin, Perthshire, Scotland. He Came To Port Chalmers By The Ship “Henrietta,” In 1862, And Settled In The Forest Hill District, Where He Was One Of The First To Take Up Land. Mr Cameron Acquired 200 Acres In Its Native State, And Effected Considerable Improvements On His Property. He Was Married To A Daughter Of Mr Charles Livingstone, Of Forest Hill, And At His Death, In 1879, Left Two Sons And Five Daughters. Mr Livingstone Also Came To New Zealand In The “Henrietta,” In 1862.
is the name of a railway station and farming district, on the Invercargill-Kingston section of the New Zealand railways. The name is derived from a settler who took up a considerable area of land in the early days, and whose descendants are still prominent farmers in the locality. The flag station at Thomson's is sixteen miles from Invercargill, and stands at an elevation of 135 feet above sea level. Thomson's is in the Winton riding of the county of Southland, and the electoral district of Awarua, It extends on both sides of the railway line and main road from Invercargill to the Lakes. There is a timber yard at the railway station, which is connected with the mill at Forest Hill by a tramway three miles in length. The district extends from the western bank of the Oreti river to the Foothills. There is a good deal of rich, level agricultural land, from which the bush has been cleared, but there is still timber on the hills. The postal and educational needs of the settlement are supplied by the surrounding districts.
(McCallum and Co., proprietors), Forest Hill and Thomson's; postal address Winton. This mill was established in 1900, and is a wood and iron structure, fitted up with an eighteen horsepower stationary engine, and full plant, including a twin saw, breast and cross-cutting benches, planing and moulding machines. The capacity of the mill is equal to 5,000 feet daily, and fifteen men are employed. A tramway connects the mill with the railway at Thomson's crossing flag station.
, Manager of the Forest Hill Sawmill, was born in 1871, at Forest Hill, where he was educated and brought up to the sawmilling trade. Mr Bennett was employed in the sawmilling trade under Messrs F. Jack, Jack Brothers, McCallum and Co., and Massey, Southland, and Mr Bartholomew, at Feilding, before being appointed to his present position in 1903, He owns a freehold property of 200 acres in the Forest Hill district. Mr Bennett is attached to the Winton Lodge of Freemasons.
, Farmer, “River-side,” Thomson's, near Winton. Mr Thomson was born in 1844, in Kinrossshire, Scotland, where he was brought up to farming. He came to New Zealand
land at the age of twenty by the ship “Lady Raglan,” and landed at Port Chalmers. Mr Thomson at once settled in the Winton district, where he acquired 664 acres of freehold, and engaged in farming. He has since increased his holding to 1,100 acres, and devotes himself to mixed farming. In 1901, Mr Thomson established a
, Farmer, “Meadowlea,” Thomson's. Mr Thomson was born in August, 1848, in Perthshire, Scotland, and came to Port Chalmers with his father's family by the ship “Lady Raglan,” in 1864. In 1883, Mr Thomson bought his property of “Meadowlea,” which consists of 341 acres of freehold. The land was then mostly in tussocks and swamp, but has since been well drained by means of four-inch and six-inch pipes. The drainage involved a large outlay, but resulted in the property being brought into a good state of cultivation. Mr Thomson has been a breeder of Clydesdale horses, Shorthorn cattle for dairy purposes, and half-bred sheep. He was married, in 1882, to a daughter of Mr Andrew Kinross, of Invercargill, and has two sons and three daughters.
, Farmer, Winton Plains, Thomson's. Mr Thomson was born in November, 1859, in Perthshire, Scotland, and came to Port Chalmers with his father, the late Mr John Thomson, in 1864, by the ship “Lady Raglan.” He was educated at Winton, where he was brought up to farming, and acquired his farm, which consists of 300 acres of freehold, in 1899. The land was then mostly in tussocks, but Mr Thomson has brought it under cultivation, and has expended a large amount of money in draining, in the erection of buildings, and in the planting of some very fine belts of shelter trees. Mr Thomson was elected a member of the Winton River Board in 1899, and is a membhr of the Farmers' Club, and of the Winton Agricultural and Pastoral Association. He is a breeder of draught horses, for which he has taken prizes at Southland shows. Mr Thomson was married, in 1894, to the eldest daughter of Mr John Thomson, of “Newfield,” Winton.
(William Cruikshank, proprietor), Gap Road. This mill was erected in 1902, and stands on part of thirty acres of leasehold. There is a full scutching plant, which is driven by a sixteen horse-power steam engine. Twenty-three men are employed, and there is an output of about fourteen tons of dressed flax per month. The raw material is drawn chiefly from Centre Bush.
, who has been manager of the Gap Road Flax Mill since 1902, was born in 1872, in Lincolnshire, England. He was brought by his parents as a child to South Australia, where he was educated, and after being engaged for some time in gold and silver mining, he went to sea for seven years. Mr Alford came to New Zealand in 1900, and settled at West Plains, where he learned the flaxmilling trade under Mr Cruikshank, before being appointed to his present position. He was married, in 1894, to a daughter of Mr Frederick Spivey, of Victoria, but his wife died in 1898, leaving one son.
, Engineer at the Gap Road Flax Mill, was born in Stewart Island, in 1872, and was educated at Winton and Limehills. He has been accustomed to the management of machinery from an early age, and was for some time engine-driver at his grandfather's sawmills. Mr Nicholson was afterwards employed at Mr Brown's engineering works at Winton, for four years, before being appointed to his present position in December, 1903.
is a picturesque township situated on the Invercargill-Kingston railway and on the great north road leading to Lake Wakatipu, and is surrounded by undulatin country, at one time covered with bush. It is said to have been named after a man of that name, who was the first, or amongst the first, to drive stock across the country. The first portion of the township was surveyed, in 1862, and further extended in 1863. The upset price of quarter-acre sections was £16, but was reduced on the third survey, some years later, to £8 per section. At the end of 1863, the first sod of the railway line from Invercargill was turned, and the work prosecuted with vigour until April, 1864, when it was suddenly stopped, and caused from 150 to 200 men employed at the Winton end to be thrown out of employment. This was a great blow to Winton, especially as the work of construction was not resumed again for seven years. At this period the Provincial Government of Southland became bankrupt, and was politically re-united to Otago. However, when the railway was completed from the Bluff to Winton, in 1871, the town and district again became thriving. Then there
was formed into a municipality in 1876, and Mr Thomas Mc-William, as the first Mayor, presided at the inaugural meeting of the Council on the 1st of February in that year, with Mr F. G. S. Keen as Town Clerk. Winton has an area of only 162 acres. The borough has borrowed £800, under the Loans to Local Bodies Act, at 4 1/2 per cent., by the payment of which the debt will be extinguished in twenty-six years. The total population is 474; the number of ratepayers 118; the number of rateable properties 160; and there are one hundred dwellings in the borough. The unimproved value of rateable properties in the borough on the 31st of March, 1903, was £17,803, on which a rate of 2 1/2d in the pound was levied. The main thoroughfare and back streets are formed and gravelled, and there are fifty-eight chains of asphalted footpaths, and fifty chains of gravelled footpaths. There are one hundred and ninety-six chains of covered drains, eighty chains of open drains, and forty-five chains of outfall drains. Winton is in the centre of an extensive and wealthy agricultural district. Council for 1904–5 : Mr C. D. Moore, J. P. (Mayor), and Messrs P. A. Blyth, J. P. McWilliam, R. Smith, R. Wilson. J. M. Kennedy, W. D. Hirst, C. Williamson, and A. Liddell, councillors. The borough is lighted by about twenty kerosene lamps. The office of the council, at the corner of Wemyss and Meldrum Streets, is of wood and iron, and stands on a section of half an acre of land. Winton has a recreation ground of about eight acres, which has been cleared of bush, ploughed and planted. The Athenaeum building, in the main street, is the property of the borough, which grants its use to the committee in charge of the institution. The total outlay on the drainage of the borough, up to 1904, was £1,350, and on street work £3,350. Mr W. Russell is Town Clerk.
, who has held office since 1899, has been almost continuously a member of the Winton Council since its incorporation. Mr Moore was born in the Isle of Man, in 1850, and arrived in Melbourne in 1864. He afterwards came to New Zealand, and resided in the North Island until 1872, when he removed to Invercargill. In 1875, Mr Moore took up his residence in Winton, where he has since been in business as a butcher and baker. He is also the proprietor of Moore's Hall, and of a block of buildings, containing two shops and an hotel. Mr Moore was married, in 1876, to a daughter of Mr Francis Jack, of Winton, and has three sons and five daughters
has represented the North Ward on the Winton Borough Council since 1903. He was born on the 3rd of May, 1869, at Onehunga, and was educated at Oamaru, where he was brought up as a wheelwright. Mr Hurst removed to Winton in May, 1893, and entered the employment of Mr P. A. Blyth, with whom he has since remained. Mr Hurst was elected conductor of the Winton brass band in 1904, and, as such, is elsewhere referred to. He was married, in December, 1896, to a daughter of Mr Thomas Norman, farmer, Forest Hill, and has one daughter.
, who has been a member of the Winton Borough Council since 1900, was born in 1866, in Dumfriesshire, Scotland, where he was educated and brought up as a hair-dresser. Mr Kennedy came out to New Zealand as ship's barber on the s.s. “Ionic,” on her second voyage to the colony, and after spending three months at Kaikoura, was in business in Palmerston North for two years and a half as a partner in the firm of Cox and Kennedy. He then bought a business at Feilding, but having sustained a heavy loss, nine months later, by the destruction of his premises by fire, he removed to Otago. In 1887, he opened a business at the Bluff, where he remained for ten years, where he sold out and acquired his present business at Winton. Mr Kennedy's premises stand on a freehold section, and consist of a wood and iron building, containing a shop and saloon. Mr Kennedy is a member of the Winton Jockey Club, and has for some time been secretary and handicapper of the Birchwood Hunt Clubl He was for two years handicapper for the Riverton Racing Club, and has acted in the same capacity for the Heddon Hush Club, and the Orepuki Racing Club. For three years he was a member of the Bluff Navals, in which he was acting first-class petty officer, and has been a trooper in the Southland Mounted Rifles. He has been an Oddfellow since 1891. Mr Kennedy was married, in 1888, to a daughter of Mr T. Lockerbie, farmer, of Otapiri Gorge, and has six sons.
, who was elected to represent North Ward on the Winton Borough Council in 1903, is the eldest son of Mr Andrew Liddell, and was born at Woolston. Christchurch, in November, 1876. He was educated at Winton, and brought up as a saddler, by his father, with whom he has been in partnership since 1901. As a Freemason, Mr Liddell is connected with Lodge Winton, of which he is organist. He has been connected with the Winton Brass Band since 1894, and was secretary until 1903. Mr Liddell has been a member of the Southland Mounted Rifles since 1900.
has represented North Ward in the Winton Borough Council since 1903. Mr Williamson was born in the Orkney Islands, on the 27th of November, 1859, and was brought to Port Chalmers as a child by his parents in the ship “Melbourne.” He was educated at Dunedin, Te Houka, and Clinton. In 1880, Mr Williamson went to station work as a stockman, and followed that occupation for eight years. He was afterwards in business as a butcher for six years at Dipton, and in 1898 established his present business in Winton. As an Oddfellow, Mr Williamson is attached to the Winton Lodge, and was previously connected with the Dipton Lodge. He was married, in April, 1887, to a daughter of Mr William Aston, of Riverton, and has, surviving, four sons and five daughters.
, Town Clerk of Winton, was born in Edinburgh, Scotland, in 1840, and came with his parents, by the ship “Lady Nugent,” to Port Chalmers, in 1850. Mr Russell lived at North East Valley, Dunedin, until 1862, when he settled at Ryal Bush, Southland, and commenced farming with his father and brothers. Ten years later, he was appointed clerk of the Makarewa Road Board, and held that office until the
was Mayor of Winton for two consecutive years, and was a member of the Council both before and after his mayoralty. Mr Gilmour was born in Lanarkshire, Scotland, in 1844, and was educatd in Glasgow, where he served an apprenticeship to the soft goods trade. He was afterwards partner in a business at Wishaw, fifteen miles from Glasgow, and subsequently carried on the business as sole proprietor for a number of years. Mr Gilmour came out to New Zealand in 1882 in the s.s. “Wairarapa,” which, some years afterwards, was wrecked on the coast of the North Island. In 1895, he settled at Winton, where he has since carried on business. During his mayoralty, the construction of the asphalt footpaths, which he had persistently advocated against strenuous opposition, was authorised and begun; and a uniform system of drainage for the whole borough, to a drawn plan by a qualified engineer, was adopted.
, J.P., formerly Mayor of Winton, was born at Paisley, Scotland, in 1842, and is the eldest surviving son of Mr. John Liddell of that town. After receiving his education, his first employment was rope spinning, after which he was employed at a silk mill, and subsequently apprenticed, in 1854, to the saddlery trade, at which he continued until he left Scotland for Port Chalmers, by the ship “Palmyra,” which arrived there in February, 1858. Mr. Liddell experienced many changes incidental to early colonial life, including visits to the Auckland, Nelson, and West Coast goldfields. He went to Canterbury in 1869 and entered into business as a saddler in Cashel Street, Christchurch, but removed to Winton in 1883, where he has since built up one of the largest saddlery establishments in the district. Mr. Liddell is a large importer of ropes, tarpaulins, horse-covers, canvas, oils, etc. He was elected to the Borough Council in 1892, and during his term of office the handsome Athenaeum building was erected. Mr. Liddell is chairman of the Winton Literary Institute, treasurer of Lodge Winton, No. 108, N.Z.C., and a member of the Order of Oddfellows, Manchester Unity. He was married in 1873 to a daughter of Mr. Frederick Staples, of Linwood, Christchurch, and has six children.
, who was one of the first councillors of the borough of Winton, was also Mayor for two years. Mr McArthur was born at Laurencekirk, Kincardineshire, Scotland, in 1833, and was brought up as a cabinetmaker and joiner at Montrose. He came out to Melbourne by the ship “Commodore Perry,” in 1857, and worked on the Victorian goldfields till 1861, when he came to Otago. He worked for some time at Gabriel's Gully, and was one of the first to arrive on the Dunstan diggings. In 1863, when he came to tled in Invercargill, where he opened the first blacksmith's shop in Dee Street. In the following year, he visited Whakamarina, Marlborough, and was at Hokitika, in 1865, before a house was built in that township. Mr McArthur worked on the West Coast diggings for some years, and removed to the Thames, Auckland, in 1869. He returned to Southland, in 1871, and settled at Winton, where he has since resided.
, who was the seventh Mayor of Winton, was born in Midlothian, Scotland, in 1851, and was educated at Tranent parish school, Haddingtonshire, learning the blacksmiths' trade under Mr. William Kirkwood, the celebrated agricultural Implement-maker of Lothian Bridge, Dalkeith. Mr. Wilson afterwards travelled over the south portion of Scotland, engaged at his calling. In 1874, he arrived at Port Chalmers, by the ship “Parsee,” and obtained work with Messrs. Morgan and McGregor. Their first great contract was to make and fit boilers for the s.s. “Comerang,” in which Mr. Wilson took part. He afterwards started business in Winton as general blacksmith and implement-maker, his specialty being drain-ploughs, which are sent to many parts of New Zealand. Mr. Wilson has always taken a great interest in sporting matters and has been president and vice-president of the Winton Jockey Club. He was the promoter of the Winton Caledonian Society, which was formed in 1881. During his mayoralty he saw the completion of the drainage scheme and the formation of the principal back streets. In 1873, he was married to a daughter of Mr. Robert Noble, teacher of New Battle parish school, Midlothian, Scotland.
, formerly a member of the Winton Borough Council, was born at Prebbleton, near Christchurch, in 1869. He is the second son of the late Mr. James Blyth, who arrived at Lyttelton in 1864, by the ship “Lancashire Witch.” Mr. Blyth, senior, was born near Arbroath, Forfarshire, Scotland, in 1841, and died at Winton in 1892, in his fifty-second year.
, including the lockup and constable's residence, Winton. The court-house was erected in 1883, and contains a court-room, magistrate's room, and police office.
, In charge of the Winton Police Station, also acts as Clerk of the Court. He was born in 1854 at Aröe, a small Danish island on the Baltic coast, where his father was a well-known linen manufacturer. After a visit to Australia with his elder brother, he returned to Europe to complete his education with a view to entering the Lutheran Church. On the death of his father, however, he came out again to the colonies in 1879, and worked on the goldfields, and afterwards came to the West Coast of New Zealand. He joined the mounted police at Wellington in 1862, and was successively at at Naseby, Clyde, and Cromwell, whence he was transferred to Winton in 1890, and he received the long service and good conduct medal in 1895. Constable Rasmussen is an enthusiastic violinist; he is a member of the local string band, and highly esteemed by the community. He was married in 1883 to a daughter of Mr. Christopher Woodney, of Eden Creek, near Naseby.
. This building contains suitable accommodation for the transaction of postal and telephone business in addition to the stationmaster's office, waiting and porter's rooms, and a public lobby. The goods shed, which is 100 feet by 60 feet in dimension, is used for the large export trade of wool, grain, grass-seed, timber, and ecal, the latter being conveyed to Winton by the Hokonui branch, a small loop-line seventeen miles in length, and worked by horsepower. The railway station was opened for traffic in 1871, and the post office was built in 1873. The first stationmaster was Mr. Thomas White, who died at Winton in November, 1881.
, formerly Stationmaster and Post Master at Winton, was born in Belfast, Ireland, in 1836, and is the only son of Captain James Campbell, a well-known master mariner of that city. The subject of this sketch was educated in Belfast and went to sea for eight years, and was subsequently on the goldfields of New Zealand for fifteen years. In 1872, he joined the New Zealand railway department at Winton as porter, rose to be guard, was promoted to be stationmaster at Woodlands, and was promoted to Winton in January, 1882.
was established about twenty-six years ago as an ordinary district school; it now contains four class-rooms. The playground is considerable in extent, beautifully planted and sown down in English grass. The headmaster's staff comprises a headmistress, two assistants, and two pupil-teachers. In the year 1901 the school was constituted a District High School.
, M.A., the Headmaster, was born and educated at Kilmarnock, Scotland, and thereafter at the Glasgow Church of Scotland Training College and Glasgow University. He has been thirteen years at Winton. Mr. Wyllie graduated with honours in the University of New Zealand.
, who has been Mistress of the Winton Public School since 1897, was born at Clifton, near Invercargill. She was educated at the Winton Public School, at which she has served in turn as monitor, pupil-teacher, and mistress. Miss McKenzie is a member of the Southland branch of the New Zealand Education Institute.
, formerly Headmistress of the Winton school, was born in Invercargill, her parents being very old residents of that town. She was educated at public schools, was first appointed a pupil-teacher at the South Invercargill school, and subsequently promoted to be head-mistress of Winton school. Miss Birss takes a great interest in scientific subjects, and is a member of the New Zealand Natives' Association. She is now (1905) head mistress at the Middle School, Invercargill.
includes settlements sixty-two miles distant from Winton. There are churches at Ryal Bush, Dipton, Lumsden, Mossburn, Balfour and Riversdale, and services are regularly held at these places by the vicar of Winton, who is assisted by a curate and lay readers. The curate, the Rev. Duncan Rankin, was ordained deacon in September, 1904, and appointed assistant curate the same month. He resides at Balfour. Holy Trinity Church, Winton was built in 1869, and occupies a site of half an acre, on the great north road. The building is constructed of wood and iron, and has room for 150 worshippers. Services are held every Sunday, morning and evening. There is a Sunday school, with eighty children, in charge of eight teachers.
, Vicar of Winton, was born in Christchurch, New Zealand, in 1869. Mr Wood was ordained deacon in 1894, and priest in 1898. He was appointed to the charge of Ross, Westland, in 1894, and remained there till 1901, when he became vicar of Winton. Mr Wood was married, in 1894, to a daughter of Mr William Hawke, of Geraldine, Canterbury, and has one son and three daughters.
, Winton. In the early period of settlement at Winton, religious services were held, and mass celebrated by Father Carden, in the Oddfellows' Hall. With the growth of the parish the necessity arose for a suitable building, and the present church was partially erected, in 1884, at a cost of £500, which was procured chiefly by the exertions
, sometime parish priest at Winton, was born in 1863, at Ballymountain, Kilmacow, County Kilkenny; he studied at the Waterford Christian Brothers' School, and completed his education at St. John's College with the highest honours. He was ordained when twenty-three years of age, came to New Zealand in 1885, and was stationed at Invercargill before being transferred to Winton, in 1896. Father Vereker was universally liked, and his death at the early age of thirty-five caused deep sorrow amongst all sections of the community.
is an incorporated society, which was established in 1874. The association has a reserve of 5 acres 1 rood 27 perches, which fronts the north road, and adjoins the Winton sale yards, and is let for grazing purposes at a yearly rental of £5 5s. Shows of grain, roots and poultry are held at Moore's Hall, in June, each year. Butter and dairy produce are also special features of the show, which is liberally supported by special subscriptions to swell the prize list. The prospectus provides for a contest for the best grown field turnips in various classes from special manures. The prizes in this department are presented by the wholesale merchants of Invercargill. Officers in 1905: Mr J. Thomson, J. P., president; Mr J. B. Porteous, vice-president; and Mr W. Russell, secretary and treasurer.
, J.P., was chairman of the Winton Agricultural and Pastoral Association in 1904. He has also been chairman of the Winton River Board since its inception, and of the Lochiel River Board since 1901. He is a member of the Southland Agricultural and Pastoral Association, and has been a frequent exhibitor of stock and produce, for which he has taken numerous prizes in Southland. Mr Thomson is further referred to as a farmer, under the district of Thomson's.
was established in the seventies. Officers for 1904 : Messrs C. McRae (president), W. Swale (vice-president), R. Smith (treasurer), and H. H. Kidd (secretary). Meetings are held at the racecourse reserve, Great North Road, Winton, on the 9th and 10th of November, every year. The gatherings are well attended, and from £500 to £600 is usually distributed in prize money.
, Secretary of the Winton Jockey Club, was born at Woodlands, Southland, in 1877. He was educated at Winton, and took an E. certificate as a teacher, but was brought up to a mercantile life by his father, and was appointed to his present position in 1903. Mr Kidd is also secretary of the Winton Choral Society and of the Trinity Anglican church; and, as a volunteer, he has been a member of the Winton Rifles since 1900.
was established about 1884, and there are over twenty performing members. The band has competed regularly in second class contests, and secured second place at the Gore and Winton competitions. The officers in 1904 were Messrs H. Bevan (leader), W. H. D. Hurst (conductor), and J. Wilson (secretary and treasurer).
, Conductor of the Winton Brass Band, is further referred to as a member of the Winton Borough Council.
has from forty to fifty active members. It holds regular meetings, and first class concerts are given every year. Officers : Mr R. Wilson (president), Mr F. Tilly (vice-president) and Mr H. H. Kidd (secretary); and there is a strong committee. Mr A. L. Wyllie, M.A., is conductor
was founded in 1897 by Mr W. Keay, and was afterwards conducted by the firm of Howie and Keay till June, 1902, when it was acquired by Mr Frank Hyde. The office stands in the main street, on a quarter-acre section of freehold land, and includes machine and composing rooms, with a full up-to-date plant for newspaper and jobbing work. The “Record” is an eight-page paper, of seven columns per page, and there are usually from eighteen to twenty columns of reading matter. The paper is circulated throughout a wide area of Southland. Mr Hyde is referred to at pages 53 and 1,495 of the Wellington volume of this work, as private secretary to one of the Ministers, and as an officer of the Lands Department.
(John Cowie and William Dawson Cowie, proprietors), Great North Road, Winton. This store is centrally situated in the township, and was taken over by the present firm in 1902. The premises consist of a brick building, containing shop and dentists' surgery, and a family and dispensary trade is carried on.
, the Junior Partner, was born in 1882, at Winton, where he was educated. He served a four years' apprenticeship with Mr Henry Louis Gallien, who established the Winton Drug Store in 1894, and from whom he and his father bought the premises in 1902. Mr Cowie is a member of the Winton Lodge of Freemasons.
, Winton. This agency was opened in 1878.
, Agent in charge of the branch, was appointed to the position in May, 1896.
, Bricklayer and Contractor, North Road, Winton. Mr Young was born in 1851, in Midlothian, Scotland, where he was educated. He was brought up as a bricklayer in Edinburgh, and worked at his trade until 1876, when he came out to New Zealand by the ship “Corona.” Mr
, Coachbuilder and General Blacksmith, Great North Road, Winton. This business was established in 1871. The premises, which stand on a freehold section of a quarter of an acre, consist of a wood and iron building, which contains a coachbuilding department, a smithy, and a wheelwright's shop. Mr McArthur is further referred to in another article as a former Mayor of Winton.
, Draper and Clothier, Great North Road, Winton. In 1885, Mr Gilmour bought the old established Winton business and business premises of Messrs Thomson and Beattie, now Thomson and Beattie, Limited, of Invercargill. Soon more accommodation was required, and in 1891, Mr Gilmour purchased the building formerly known as the Caledonian Hotel. This building was entirely remodelled, a new front put in, and the premises now consist of a double-fronted verandah shop, with a well-appointed showroom and convenient office. There is also a millinery and underclothing workroom at the back of the main building, and in the section adjoining there is a large workroom for the tailoring and dressmaking departments. Mr Gilmour's residence stands on a section at the rear of the business premises, and faces Park Street. The proprietor is elsewhere referred to as a former Mayor of Winton.
, Hairdresser and Tobacconist. Great North Road, Winton. This business was established in 1890, and was acquired by the present proprietor in 1903. It is conducted in a wood and iron building, which contains a shop and a hair-dressing saloon, and the proprietor also stocks stationery and fancy goods. Mr McDougall was born in Dunedin in 1881, and was educated at Palmerston. He was brought up as a hairdresser in Dunedin, where he worked for some years before buying his present business at Winton. Mr McDougall served as a volunteer in the Palmerston Rifles for two years.
(James Anderson Keith, proprietor), Winton. This commodious hotel of twenty - five rooms, is situated within a short distance of the Winton railway station. The “Railway” has very good accommodation, a moderate tariff, and a good table, and the licensee and his wife spare no pains to make visitors comfortable. There is a fine billiard-room in the hotel. Large livery stables, now let to Messrs Hill and Agnew, form a portion of the hotel property, and can accommodate 100 horses.
, son of a very old resident in the Winton district, is licensee of the Railway Hotel. He is also owner of a flax-mill at Centre Bush. Mr Keith was born at Winton, in 1866, and educated there and at the Invercargill Grammar School. He followed farming until 1892, when he commenced travelling for the Southland Implement and Engineering Company, with which he remained six years. In July, 1899, he took over the Railway Hotel. He is president of the Winton Caledonian Society, and a steward of the Winton Jockey Club. In 1898, Mr Keith married a daughter of the late Mr Austin Mcluerney, hotelkeeper, Invercargill, and has one son and one daughter.
(Frank Cowie), Mechanical Engineer, Clyde Street, Winton. This business was established in 1900. The premises—which stand on an acre of freehold—comprise a large wood and iron building, measuring 60 feet by 30 feet, with a lean-to running the entire length of the building. The plant consists of two lathes, two vertical borers, a three and a-half horse-power engine and boiler combined, and a forge. The proprietor makes a specialty of repairing traction engines, and threshing and flaxmill plants, and his business extends as far as Nightcaps, Hedgehope and Lumsden.
, Sole Proprietor of the firm of Brown and Cowie, was born at Winton in 1860. He was educated at Limehills, and at the Southland High School, and learned the trade of a mechanical engineer from Mr John Brown, at Winton. He was afterwards employed for four years by the Implement Company, at Invercargill, and then returned to Winton, where he joined his previous employer, Mr John Brown, as partner in his business. This partnership continued until September, 1901, when Mr Cowie bought his partner's interest. Mr Cowie has served in the Winton Rifles since the formation of the corps, and holds the rank of sergeant, and he is also a member of the Winton Lodge of Oddfellows. He was married, in 1904, to a daughter of Mr William Lindsay, carpenter, Winton, and resides in a substantial dwelling house close to his business premises.
, Implement Maker. General Blacksmith, Coach Builder, and Wheelwright, Winton. This business was founded in 1886 by the late Mr. James Blyth, and has earned a great reputation for the excellent workmanship of all articles turned out at the workshops. The premises consist of wooden and iron buildings, and the smithy has three forges, a steam engine, steam hammer, drilling, screwing, tyre-bending machines, and other appliances. Both departments are fitted up with all the necessary plant for manufacturing and repairing agricultural implements, waggons,
, Plumber and Tinsmith, Great North Road, Winton. Mr Tansley's business, which is the only one of its kind in the Winton district, was established in 1897. The premises, which stand on a quarter-acre freehold section, are of wood and iron, and contain a shop and workroom. Mr Tansley was born in 1870, at Milton, Otago, where he was educated and brought up as a plumber and tinsmith. He served an apprenticeship of seven years at his trade, and afterwards worked as a journeyman at Milton and in Dunedin, before founding his present business at Winton. Mr Tansley has been a member of the Winton Rifles since 1903. He was married, in 1894, to a daughter of Mr John Sands, of Gap Road, Winton, and has two daughters.
, General Blacksmith and Implement Maker, Winton. This business was established, in 1874, by Mr. Wilson, the proprietor, who is more fully referred to as a former Mayor of Winton.
, Saddler and Harness Maker and Importer, Winton. This business was established in 1883 by the present proprietor, who is more fully referred to as a former Mayor of Winton.
, Butcher, Great North Road, Winton; private residence, Dipton. Mr Williamson established his business in 1898. The original premises were destroyed by fire, and the business is now carried on on the ground floor of a brick building, situated on the Great North Road. The slaughter-house stands on a leasehold section of sixty acres at Gap Road. Mr Williamson is referred to in another article as a member of the Winton Borough Council.
(John Hagerty and William Hagerty), Furniture Warehousemen, Winton. Mr. John Hagerty has been associated with the Winton district since childhood. His father (the late Mr. John Hagerty) was born in 1841, at Kilgavan, Kilmore, County Kerry, Ireland, entered the Army when a boy, and was in the 99th and 62nd Regiments of Infantry. He was present at the battles of Alma, Inkerman, and Sebastapool, and received the Crimean medal with three clasps, and the Turkish medal. He served also in China, and was at the capture of Pekin, for which he obtained the medal with clasp. He was invalided Home, and retired after a period of twenty-one years' active service: afterwards came to New Zealand, and settled at Winton, where he died in 1883. His eldest son, Mr. John Hagerty, was born at St. Helena in 1869 and received his education at Winton, where he ultimately entered into business as a stationer, dealer, and agent, and afterwards established the present business with his brother. He is an amateur actor of considerable talent, and is always ready to assist local objects.
Mr. Hagerty was married in 1898 to Susan, daughter of Mr. Austen McInerney, of Inver cargill.
, General Storekeeper, Great North Road, Winton; private residence, Park Street, Winton. Mr Wilson was born at Stow, in the county of Edinburgh, Scotland. He was educated at Dalmeny, and brought up to the grocery trade at Prestonpans—famous as an historic battlefield. Mr Wilson came to the Bluff by the ship “Waitara,” in 1875, and settled at Winton, where he was employed for many years as a storekeeper's assistant. He commenced business on his own account as a general storekeeper in 1903, in his present premises, which consist of a wood and iron building, containing a shop and storeroom, and he keeps a large stock of groceries and ironmongery. In the early days, he was a member of the Winton Borough Council, and was secretary of the Winton Racing Club for twenty years. Mr Wilson was married, in 1882, to a daughter of the late Captain John Campbell, of Port Glasgow, and has three sons and one daughter.
, General Carrier and Contractor, Great North Road, Winton. Mr Taylor was born at Waikouaiti, Otago, and was educated in the Winton district, where he was brought up to farming. He was afterwards employed for seven years at Oreti Plains, by Mr John Wood, and established bis present business in 1894. Mr Taylor's stables and private residence stand on a section of half an acre at the corner of Great North Road and Home Street, and he also leases a paddock of thirteen acres on Forest Hill Road. Five drays and twelve horses are worked in connection with the business, and four drivers are employed. Mr Taylor has been a member of the Winton school committee since 1899, and he is a Past Grand in the Loyal Winton Lodge of Oddfellows. He was married, in November, 1893, to a daughter of Mr Thomas Castle, of Winton, and has one son.
, (Charles Butler and Frederick Butler), Sawmillers, Winton. This mill is about a mile and a-half from Winton. It was started in the beginning of 1904. The plant includes a seven horsepower portable engine, two benches, and a cross-cutting saw for box work, and a planer. Cutting rights are held over 220 acres, and the output is from 80,000 to 90,000 feet per month.
, Senior Partner in the firm of C. and F. Butler, was born at Waimate, Canterbury, in 1877, and when a child removed to Winton with his parents. For about five years after leaving school, he followed ordinary farm work, but then bought a chaffcutting plant. After working this plant for about two years he, in partnership with his brother, Mr F. Butler, started the present sawmill. Mr Butler is a member of the local Lodge of Odd fellows. In 1902, he married a daughter of the late Mr John Lee, builder, Bluff, and has one daughter.
, Partner in the firm of C. and F. Butler, was born at Forest Hill, in 1882, and educated at Winton. For some years prior to entering into partnership with his brother, he was engaged in farm and general work. He has competed in sawing and chopping events for three seasons at sports in Invercargill. Like his brother, he is a member of the local Lodge of Oddfellows.
(Robert Grim wood, proprietor), Winton. This mill was established at Bayswater in 1900, and was removed to its present site in the following year. The building, which is of wood and iron, stands on a leasehold of twelve acres. There is a complete plant for both wet and dry processes, and the machinery is driven by a ten horse-power portable engine. The supply of green flax is drawn from the surrounding districts. Twenty
, Manager of the Winton Flaxmill, is a son of Mr Robert Grimwood, the proprietor, and was born at Oxford, North Canterbury, in 1883. He was educated at Woodend, where he was brought up to the flaxmilling industry; and on the establishment of the Winton flaxmill, in 1900, was appointed manager. As a Good Templar, Mr Grimwood is connected with the Winton Lodge.
, Junior, “Lowood,” Winton. Mr Gerard is the eldest son of Mr Arthur Gerard, J.P. He was born in 1864, at Waihola, Otago, and was educated at Limehills and brought up to farming. In 1892, Mr Gerard bought Lowood Farm, which comprises 419 acres of freehold land, and has since expended a considerable sum of money in improving the land. The homestead is prettily situated on the margin of some beautiful native bush. As a volunteer, Mr Gerard has served in the Southland Mounted Rifles since 1898, and holds the rank of sergeant. He has been a member of the Winton River Board since 1903, and has also been a member of the West Winton River Board since 1903. Mr Gerard was married, in 1889, to a daughter of Mr Francis Jack, of Winton, and has five sons and one daughter.
, Farmer, “Matai,” Lime Hills, near Winton. Mr. Hodgkinson is the eldest son of Dr. Hodgkinson, formerly Member of Parliament, and one of New Zealand's earliest settlers. He was born in Auckland in 1858, was educated at the Invercargill Grammar School, and was actively engaged on his father's Station at Fairfax for some time. In 1893, Mr. Hodgkinson purchased a farm of 550 acres, which he brought under general cultivation, the principal crop being oats, which yield an average of fifty bushels per acre. Mr. Hodgkinson also grazes a considerable number of sheep.
, Farmer, “Rosehill,” Gap Road, Winton. Mr. Jack was born in Troon, Scotland, in 1830, and is the eldest son of Mr. W. Jack, farmer, of “Cockhill,” Dundonald, Ayrshire. After receiving his education he was apprenticed as a carpenter, in Kilmarnock, and afterwards worked in Glasgow and London. He left the latter city in 1853, by the American ship “California” for Melbourne, where he arrived in August of the same year. Mr. Jack worked at his trade and, also, tried his luck at the Ovens diggings, Victoria, for two years, and then went to Hobart, where he was engaged in the building trade until 1863. On coming to Otago, he started at his trade in Invercargill, and afterwards worked for Messrs. Driver and McLean, contractors for the Winton-Invercargill railway. In conjunction with Mr. George Samson, of Winton, he opened a saw-mill in that district in 1872, but, selling his interest to his partner, he purchased 300 acres of bush land where he erected another saw-mill, which he worked until he sold it out to his sons. Mr. Jack added considerably to his original land purchase, and now owns 950 acres, on which he runs sheep. He is an original shareholder in the Southland Frozen Meat Company. Mr. Jack has been twice married; firstly, to Miss Elizabeth McDonald, who left six children; and, secondly, to the second daughter of Mr. Campbell, of the North of Ireland.
, Farmer, “The Bend,” Winton. Mr. King was born at Ardoch, Perthshire, Scotland, and was educated in his native village and at Stirling. He was for a number of years with the famous firm of solicitors, Messrs Morrison and Cunningham, and was engaged in farming prior to leaving in 1878, by the s.s. “Whampoia,” for Melbourne, where he resided for a short period. Mr. King then came over to Otago and eventually leased a farm at Woodlands, Southland, which he cultivated for a number of years. In 1888, he purchased a section of 150 acres of land near Winton, which he has since increased by further purchases and now owns a very nice property of over 700 acres, nearly all of which has been brought under permanent improvement. Mr. King also owns a farm of 220 acres at Boggie Burn in the Winton district. He carries on a system of mixed farming, principally cropping barley and ryegrass The “Bend” property is well watered and timbered, and a very comfortable homestead has been erected. Mr. King was made a Justice of the Peace in 1894. He takes a great interest in the Winton Agricultural and Pastoral Society, of which he has been president; and he is a member of the Southland Land Board, besides filling other local positions. In 1890, he married Margaret, daughter of the late Mr. William Strang, of Tunamau, Waimatuku, whose widow is one of the oldest settlers in that part of Southland.
, Farmer, “Mayfield,” Winton. Mr May was born in May, 1839, in Sydney, New South Wales, where his father was a master baker. In 1851, father and son visited the Turon diggings in New South Wales, and in the following year went to Forest Creek, in Victoria. In those days phenomenal finds of gold were frequently made on the diggings. Mr May has seen as much as 5th weight of gold taken out in one day from a claim measuring only eight feet, by eight feet, and he and his father have earned as much as £3 each per day. The father said, however, that it would not pay him to remain at that rate, and so
, Farmer, Limestone Plains, Winton. Mr. Mollison, who is an old colonist, is the third son of Mr. James Mollison, and was born in 1836 in the parish of Lintrathen, Forfarshire, Scotland. He emigrated to Australia in 1857, by the ship “Eagle Speed,” and worked upon a station in Victoria for four years; came to New Zealand in 1863 and was at the Gabriel's Gully and Waitahuna diggings for some years, after which he settled on the Limestone Plains property, the area of which he has since increased to 800 acres. Mr. Mollison has assisted in the progress of the district from its natural state, and has shared the hardships incidental to the life of early settlers. He was married in 1876 to a daughter of Mr. Alexander Steel, late of Walkiwi, Southland, who, with his wife, arrived at Port Chalmers as early as 1849, and on the advice of the late Mr. James Macandrew went to Invercargill, where they were engaged for Mr. C. Cowan's station at Caroline. After working there for a time Mr. Steel bought a section in the Waikiwi district, where he lived for many years, his homestead being a welcome stopping place in the old overland waggon days, and his hospitality was as generous as it was unbounded. Mr. Steel died in 1870; his wife in 1890, when she was seventy-eight years of age.
, in the Winton district, consists of 1100 acres, nearly all of which is fine open pastoral land. At the time Mr. MacLean, the proprietor, made his purchase, there was very little settlement in that part of the country, all the evidences of present progress and prosperity having since been developed with characteristic colonial energy. Mr. MacLean has erected a charming homestead, with other necessary improvements.
, J.P., Proprietor Of “Mount Pleasant,” Is The Youngest Son Of Mr. Peter Maclean, Of “Inch Parks,” Wigtonshire, Scotland, And Was Born In 1838, In The Parish Of Inch, Where He Was Educated. Until Leaving His Native Land, He Was Engaged Principally In Connection With Stock. Mr. Maclean Arrived To Port Chalmers By The Ship “Lady Egidia,” On The 29Th Of January, 1861, And Was Employed As Stock Manager To The Late Captain Mccallum, Of Glenure, Otapiri Station, Where He Remained For A Short Period. Subsequently, He Was Appointed Manager Of The “Benmore” Run, The Adjoining Station, At Which He Remained For Three Years. Mr. Maclean Afterwards Purchased The Mount Pleasant Estate. He Was Made A Justice Of The Peace In 1888, And Was Elected One Of The First Members Of The Makarewa Road Board, On Which He Remained Until That Body Was Merged In The Southland County Council. Mr. Maclean Was Married To Anne, Daughter Of Mr. John Mciiwrich, of Clendrie, parish of Inch, Wigtonshire, and has three daughters and five sons.
, Farmer, Norfolk Farm, East Winton, Winton. Mr Norman's property consists of 800 acres of freehold, which, when bought by him in the early days, was covered with tussocks and impassable swamps. The estate has since been brought into a good state of cultivation, with the exception of about twenty acres of beautiful native bush, on the margin of which Mr Norman has build his homestead. Mr Norman was born in 1830 at Harpley, near Sandringham, Norfolk, England, where he was brought up to farming by his father, who was a farmer and flourmiller. He afterwards served an apprenticeship as a carpentes and builder, and followed his trade for some years. Mr Norman came out to Victoria in 1851, and worked on the diggings for a time, and was afterwards employed at his trade. In 1862, he came to Southland, and commenced business as a partner in a sawmill at Waikiwi on the site now occupied by the Anglican cemetery. He sold out his business in 1864, and settled in the Winton district, where he bought 204 acres of land, which now forms part of Norfolk
, one of the best arable properties on the Winton Plains, comprises 1260 acres of freehold land and eighty acres of leasehold. It is owned by Mr. Peter Thomson, in partnership with his brothers, and they chiefly graze cross-bred Leicesters for the English market, about 1000 being sold annually to the Freezing Company. When first taken up the country was in a virgin state, and covered with flax. Large sums of money have been expended in breaking up and draining the property, and it is now one of the best cultivated farms in the Winton district.
, part-owner of Spring Burn Farm, is the eldest son of the late Mr. John Thomson, a pioneer colonist, and for years a member of the Southland County Council, who died in June, 1894, at the age of eighty-one years. Mr. Peter Thomson was born near Kinross, Scotland, in 1839, and worked with his father and brothers on their farm near the Bridge of Earn, Perthshire. In 1863, they came to Lyttelton by the ship “Brothers' Pride,” and Mr. Thomson was engaged by the late Mr. James Gammack, farmer, of Springston, with whom he remained for three years. He then began farming at Leeston, and in 1870 joined his father and brothers at Winton. Mr. Thomson takes an interest in local affairs and sports, being a trustee of the Winton racecourse, and was a director of the late Farmers' United Agency Company. He was married in 1876 to a daughter of the late Mr. Walter Henderson, of Forest Hill, and has seven children.
was born in 1836, at Rannoch, Perthshire, Scotland. He emigrated to the United States when a young man, and on the outbreak of the Civil War, joined the 3rd Regiment Missouri Volunteers, and fought in the Union cause till the fall of Vicksburg, in 1863., before which he had attained the rank of lieutenant. At the close of the war, he returned to the Old Country, and was married to Miss Catherine MacGregor, of Perth, and left with his wife for New Zealand in 1864, in the ship “Paria.” He engaged in farming in Southland for some time, and tried his luck on the goldfields at Switzer's (Waikaia), where he was manager for the Independent Water Race Company. Later, he commenced business as a general storekeeper in Winton, and took an active part in public affairs. He contested the Wallace election in 1875 in the Liberal interest, in opposition to Mr. C. Basstian, who was returned by a narrow majority. Mr. Cameron moved to Invercargill in 1875, and in 1877 was appointed stationmaster at Waipahi, where he held office until 1880, when he died, leaving a widow, three sons, and four daughters. One of his sons, Mr. Duncan Cameron, has been successively stationmaster at Dipton, Makarewa, Otautau, and Kingston, and is now (1905) in charge at Rakaia, in Canterbury.
, sometime of “Craighouse,” Winton, was one of the oldest settlers at Forest Hill. He was born in 1831 near Locherbie, Dumfries, Scotland, and married in 1855 a daughter of Mr. John Anderson, of Craighouse, Dumfries. Mr. Henderson left Scotland in 1855 for Canada, whence he removed to New Zealand four years later. He afterwards settled at Forest Hill, where he bought the property now known as “Craighouse.” He died in 1878, highly respected throughout the district, and left a widow with nine children.
, Sometime Of “Craigend,” Winton, Is The Eldest Son Of The Late Mr. Walter Henderson, And Was Born In
is the name of a farming district and small township on the Winton-Hedgehope branch line of railway. It is five miles from Winton, and has the district of Otapiri Gorge on the north, and North Forest Hill on the south. A good supply of limestone close to the railway station is industrially worked, and there are also brick and tile works in the neighbourhood. There is a local Presbyterian church, at which services are held fortnightly by the minister stationed at Winton. Brown's has a good hotel, a Caledonian Hall, erected by public subscription, a blacksmith's shop, and a general store, at which the business of the Post Office and Telephone Bureau is conducted. In the Hokonui district, to the north-east of Brown's, there are two or three sawmills at work, and the timber is taken by tramway to Brown's, the flag railway station at which is twenty-four miles from Invercargill, and stands at an altitude of 233 feet above the level of the sea. The settlement is in the electorate of Awarua, and forms part of the Winton riding of the county of Southland; and had a population of fifty-four at the census of 1901.
is conducted at the store of Messrs Hinde and Company, general merchants.
, who acts as Postmaster at Brown's, is managing partner in the firm of Hinde and Co. (C. M. Hinde and John Reynolds). He was born at Leeds, England, in 1853, and educated at Christ's College and Birkenhead College. After leaving school, he entered the service of a large firm of cotton dealers, for whom he was salesman for some time before coming to New Zealand in 1879. Mr Hinde was employed as a book-keeper at Port Chalmers for a time. He started his business at Brown's in 1896, with Mr Reynolds. For some time before leaving home, Mr Hinde was an enthusiastic member of the Cheshire county cricket team, and he was also a fives and football player, and an amateur runner.
, Blacksmith, Brown's. This business was established in May, 1903, and the smithy, which is 40 feet by 22 feet, possesses an up-to-date plant, including improved emery and drilling machines. The proprietor employs one assistant. Mr Walsh was born in 1881, at Forest Hill, where his father was one of the early settlers, and he learned the blacksmithing trade with Mr P. A. Blyth, of Winton. He then went to Mataura, and was for some time with Messrs J. and J. Galt, and afterwards with Messrs W. Gardiner and Co, before starting his present business at Brown's in 1903. Mr Walsh was a member of the Mataura Brass Band for about three years, and has competed successfully, as a runner, at sports held at Winton and Invercargill.
is a picturesque farming district about five miles to the west and to the south of the borough of Winton. The land varies from level to hilly, and is well suited for both pasturage and agriculture. It is in the Winton riding of the county of Southland, and in the electorate of Awarua; and at the census of 1901, had a population of 171. Originally the country was clothed with verdant bush, of which, however, the greater part disappeared long ago. The line of railway from Winton to Hedgehope is on the northern side of the district, and a flag station, known as King's, is available for the settlers, while Gap Road railway station, on the Invercargill-Kingston line of railway, is three miles distant.
was established about 1884, and occupies a site of five acres, prettily planted with ornamental and shelter trees. The building is of wood and iron, and has accommodation for forty children. There are about thirty names on the roll, and there is an average attendance of twenty-four.
was appointed teacher of the North Forest Hill school in 1901. Miss Campbell visited England in 1904, when she was temporarily relieved by Miss Madeline Lind.
, Poultry Farmer, North Forest Hill; postal address, Winton. Mr Hunter was born in 1840, at Broxburn, Midlothian, Scotland. He came out to Victoria with his parents in 1853, and crossed over to New Zealand in 1861. For some time he worked on the Gabriel's Gully diggings, and afterwards commenced business as a cordial and sodawater manufacturer at Wetherstones; and was subsequently in the same business at the Dunstan. Three years later, he sold out, and removed to Shotover, and worked for eighteen months at Sutherland's Beach diggings, where, with nine mates, he took 1,700 ounces of gold out of a claim. At the end of 1864, Mr Hunter went to the West Coast, and established an aerated water factory at Okarito, with a branch at Brighton, and carried on business till the “rush” was over. He afterwards went into business at Charleston, but again sold out and turned his attention to mining, and was engaged in crushing cement from the black lead. He worked on his claim for eleven years, and finally left the West Coast in 1879. Mr Hunter then settled at Winton, where he established a drapery business, which he conducted for about twenty years, till he sold out to Mr Raines, in 1900. Mr Hunter served on the Licensing Committee at Charleston, and was at one time chairman of the Charleston Hospital Committee. Since retiring from business, Mr Hunter has devoted himself to practical poultry farming. He has studied the best methods of breeding and rearing young stock, and
is a portion of the Hokonui district, and the local public school and post office bear the name of Otapiri Gorge. The chief industry of the settlers is farming, but there are some sawmills at work in the bush portions of the district. Otapiri Gorge, where the post office is situated, is at the mouth of a long, narrow valley, just at the point where it opens out towards the Hokonuis. This valley, through which the Otapiri stream runs, has been occupied by settlers since the early eighties. The Otapiri Gorge school is not more than four miles from Centre Bush, and is attended by about thirty-five children. The flag station named Otapiri is on the Invercargill. Hedgehope line, eight miles from Winton, twenty-seven from Invercargill, and six from Hedgehope; and stands at an elevation of of 203 feet above the level of the sea. The settlement is in the Winton riding of the county of Southland. At the census of 1901, the population under the heading of Otapiri was twenty-four; Otapiri Gorge, seventy-six; Otapiri Flat, sixty-two; and Otapiri Downs, twenty-two.
is conducted at the residence of Mr William Baird, farmer, and weekly mails are despatched to, and received from, Invercargill.
, who acts as Postmaster at Otapiri Gorge, holds 384 acres of land near the mouth of the Gorge. He took up this farm about 1886, and has since then greatly improved it. Mr Baird was born near Glasgow, Scotland, in 1861, and came out to New Zealand with his mother by the ship “City of Dunedin” in 1863, his father having arrived by the ship “Lady Egidia” during the preceding year. He was educated at Invercargill, and worked on his father's farm until taking up land on his own account at Benmore. This he sold in 1886, and acquired his present holding at Otapiri Gorge. Mr Baird was a Government land valuer during 1901–2; and he has been a member of the Otapiri Gorge school committee since its inception. At one time he competed in wrestling, hammer throwing, stone-putting and vaulting, at sports held in various parts of Southland. Mr Baird was married, in 1881, to a daughter of Mr Peter Bryce, of Benmore, and has two sons and nine daughters.
was built in 1900, and consists of a small wood and iron building with one classroom and porch, situated about four miles from Centre Bush. There is accommodation for about forty pupils, and in 1904 there were thirty-five names on the roll. A small residence for the teacher adjoins the school.
, Headmistress of the Otapiri Public School, was born in Lanarkshire, Scotland. She was educated at the Lower Shotover, Otago, where she afterwards served a pupil-teachership. Miss Gray was in charge of the Chatton road school for four years, and was mistress at Skippers for eighteen months. She was appointed to her present position on the opening of the Otapiri school in 1900. Miss Gray holds an E2 certificate.
(Southland Timber Company, proprietors), Otapiri Gorge. This mill was started in 1902, and is working on private property. The plant includes an eight horse-power portable engine, two benches, a planing machine, and a crosscut saw for boxwork. Twelve persons are employed, and the daily output of timber is about 3,000 feet. The timber is carted by road to the Centre Bush railway station, about five miles distant.
, Manager of the Otapiri Gorge Sawmill, was born in Dunedin in 1865, and started sawmilling on leaving school. After working at his trade in various capacities, he was appointed to his present position in 1902. Mr Dryden has been for some time a member of the Otapiri Gorge school committee. He was married, in 1888, to a daughter of the late Mr Joseph Smith, of Invercargill, and has three sons and one daughter.
, Farmer, Otapiri Gorge. Mr Shuttleworth was born in Lancashire, England, in 1871, and came out to New Zealand when quite a lad, with his parents, who settled at Heathcote, near Christchurch. Mr Shuttleworth first took up land in the Lintley Village Settlement, and in September, 1900, he acquired his present farm of 335 acres in the Otapiri district, where he carries on mixed farming. He is also a contractor for the carting of timber from the Otapiri sawmill to the Centre Bush railway station. Mr Shuttleworth was married, in 1903, to a daughter of Mr E. Matthews, of Benmore, and has one son.
is the name of the district tapped by the Winton-Hedgehope branch line of railway, of which it has the terminal station. There are two or three sawmills at
stands on an acre of ground, and has an average attendance of about twenty-five children. The Upper Hedgehope school, which serves another part of the same district, and is taught by the same teacher, stands on ten acres of land, and there is a residence of six rooms attached to it. The school has an average attendance of about twenty children.
, Teacher (in 1904) of the Hedgehope half-time school, was born at Makarewa, and is a daughter of the late Mr W Lind, of that district. She was educated at Makarewa, and at the Girls' High School. Invercargill. After passing her examination in 1898, Miss Lind served a two years' pupil-teachership, and afterwards acted as relieving teacher for a year. She had charge of the half-time schools of Springhills and Lower Hedgehope for about fifteen months, and when Upper and Lower Hedgehope were combined as half-time schools, she was appointed mistress. Miss Lind holds a D4 certificate.
, Farmer, Hedgehope. Mr Hanning, who is a successful farmer, in the district, also owns a farm at Mabel Bush, and he has altogether, 350 acres. He was born in 1839, at Cloyne, County Cork, Ireland, and was brought up to farming on his father's farm. In 1861, he came to Port Chalmers, by the ship “Melbourne,” and started work on Captain Hamilton's station. Mr Hanning afterwards took part in the Tuapeka and Dunstan “rushes,” and then started carting to Kingston. He left this, however, to go to the diggings on the West Coast, where he spent about a year, and on his return bought a farm at Mabel Bush, now occupied by his sons. In 1883, Mr Hanning acquired his property at Hedgehope, where he now resides. He served for several years on the Mabel Bush school committee, and was for some time chairman. Mr Hanning was married, in 1862, to a daughter of the late Mr Coleman Ross, farmer, Cloyne, Ireland, and has a family of four sons and three daughters.
, Farmer, “Greenhead,” Hedgehope. Mr Lawrence was born in 1866, at Makarewa, where his father is a farmer, and was educated in Victoria, to which his parents had removed when he was about eleven years old. After ten years in Victoiia, the family returned to New Zealand, and Mr C. H. Lawrence, in partnership with two brothers, farmed at Makarewa from 1890 to 1899. Subsequently, he removed to the Hedgehope district, and bought his present property of 518 acres, on which he conducts mixed farming. His house is situated within a short distance of the Hedgehope railway station. Mr Lawrence is president of the local branch of the Farmers' Union, chairman of the Public Hall Committee, a director of the Southland Agricultural and Pastoral Association, and he has also been a
, Farmer, Hedgehope. Mr Millar has a farm of 1,000 acres between the Makarewa and Hedgehope streams. He also owns 200 acres in the Mabel hundred, and one thousand acres of leasehold in the Forest Hill hundred; the latter property being named “Pebbly Hills. His home is at Hedgehope. Mr Millar was born in Edinburgh, Scotland, in 1833, and was brought up to farming. He came to Port Chalmers by the ship “Agra” in 1857, and obtained farmwork in the Tokomairiro district, where he remained some years. At the time of the gold rush, however, he left, and was one of the first arrivals at Gabriel's Gully. After spending some time driving to the diggings, Mr Millar started a store in the Lake district, and then bought a farm at Myross Bush, which he afterwards sold in order to take up land in the Hedgehope district. He was one of the first to introduce steam threshing mills into Southland, and has had threshing machines continuously up to the present time. Mr Millar is a member of the Makarewa-Hedgehope River Board, was for seven years a member of the Lindhurst Road Board, and served for many years on the Grove Bush school committee, of which he was for some time chairman. He was married, in 1863, to a daughter of the late Mr Millar, farmer, Morningside, Edinburgh, but his wife died in 1872, leaving three sons and one daughter. In 1879, Mr Millar married a daughter of the late Mr Donald Noble, and there is one son by this marriage.
district is in the Winton riding of the county of Southland, and in the electorate of Awarua. It extends from the western bank of the Oreti river towards Drummond and Heddon Bush; from the former of which it is six miles distant, and from the latter, ten miles. The main road from Winton, five miles distant, branches off at the local hotel to the north and south towards the Drummond and Heddon Bush districts. Near the hotel, there is a blacksmith's shop, and, about half a mile towards Drummond, stands the local public school. The post office for the district is situated at the Farmers' Rest Hotel, and three mails are received, and despatched, weekly. At the census of 1901, the population of Oreti Plains was recorded as 278, with thirty-two additional at Oreti Flat. These plains are well known to be rich agricultural land. The countryside is well cultivated and is dotted with homesteads. There is no church in the district, but Drummond and Winton are within easy reach of the settlers.
was founded in 1892, and occupies a site of two acres in a central position at the junction of four cross roads. The building is of wood and iron, and contains two classrooms and a porch, with accommodation for seventy scholars. In 1904, the number on the roll was fifty-nine, and the average attendance forty-eight. The playground contains two shelter-sheds, and there is also a school residence on the property. The head teacher is assisted by a mistress.
, Headmaster of the Oreti Plains school, was born in Glasgow, Scotland, in 1870, and arrived at Port Chalmers with his parents by the ship “Canterbury,” when he was ten years of age. He was educated in Dunedin, where he studied for his profession for two years at the Normal Training College, and afterwards served as an assistant for two years at Winton. Mr Donald then had charge of the school at Opio for two years, and was appointed headmaster at Oreti Plains in 1898.
(James Smart, proprietor), Oreti Plains. This hotel was erected in 1886. The building is constructed of wood and iron, and contains twelve rooms, five of which are visitors' bed-rooms. There are comfortable sitting rooms, and a dining-room, which will accommodate fourteen persons. There is also good stabling, and a large grazing paddock. Mr Smart was born in 1863, in Oamaru, where he was educated and brought up as a butcher. He afterwards went to Australia, where he was in business as a butcher for some years, four of which were spent in Melbourne. Subsequently he returned to New Zealand, and went into the hotel business in 1901. He was lessee of the Gap Road Hotel till 1903, when he acquired the “Farmer's Rest.” Mr Smart was married, in November, 1883, to a daughter of Mr George Humphrey, of Kaitangata, and has one son and one daughter.
, Junior, Farmer, “Wainfleet,” Oreti Plains; postal address, Drummond. “Wainfleet” is a property of 545 acres of freehold, on which the owner conducts mixed farming. Mr Baird was born in 1865 at Riverton, and was educated there and at Limestone Plains, where he was brought up on his father's farm. In 1893, he commenced farming on his own account at Drummond, but removed to Oreti Plains in 1901. He was chairman of the Drummond school committee in 1903; and, as an Oddfellow, he is a member of Lodge Royal Oak, Drummond. Mr Baird was married, in 1894, to a daughter of Mr David Lyon, of Waimatuku Flat, and has four sons and two daughters.
, Farmer, “Timboon,” Oreti Plains. Mr Miller was born on the 12th of November, 1857, in County Derry, Ireland, where he was brought up to farming. On the death of his father, which occurred when Mr Miller was only twelve years of age, he took charge of the farm and managed it for his mother till attaining the age of twenty-two. Mr Miller came to New Zealand by the ship “City of Florence,” in 1880, and was employed for four and a-half years by Mr Mclntyre, at Thornbury. In 1885, he took up land on the Timboon estate, where he was the first settler. The whole of his property was then in rough tussocks, and a considerable outlay has been necessary in tile-draining the land. Mr Miller runs 1,900 sheep on his farm, which consists of 736 acres, and is all in
is one of the best agricultural districts in Southland. The main road northward from the Bluff and Invercargill passes through the district to Heddon Bush and the country beyond, and the settlement is equi-distant between the Oreti and Aparima. It is twenty-six miles by road from Invercargill, ten miles from Otautau by Bays water, nine miles from Fairfax, ten miles and a-half from Winton, fourteen miles from Thornbury, and twenty miles from Riverton. There are two churches in the settlement —Presbyterian and Methodist—and a public hall, which will seat 200 persons. The business premises include three stores, a smithy, a saddler's shop, and a hotel. The land for six miles round the township is perfectly flat, and is held by well-to-do freeholders, who grow grain and graze sheep. The post office, which is conducted at a local store, dates from 1885, and telephone communication was established in February, 1892. The settlement is on, or near, the boundary line of the Awarua and Wallace electorates, with a part in each district. It is also partly in the Otautau riding, and partly in the Winton riding, of the county of Southland. At the census of 1901, the population of the village and vicinity in the former riding was 288, and the latter, seventy.
, Merchant, Post Office and Telephone Bureau, Drummond. Bankers, Bank of New Zealand, Riverton. This gentleman was one of the victims of the City of Glasgow Bank failure which caused him to emigrate to New Zealand at the solicitation and advice of his Southland friends. He is the eldest son of Mr. A. Shearer, coach proprietor, and was born in Glasgow in 1846, receiving his education at the Normal School and other academies in that city. Mr. Shearer was apprenticed to the grocery trade, and was subsequently in business in Glasgow. In 1879 he landed at Port Chalmers by the ship “Otago,” and after working on a farm for a short period was engaged by Messrs. Whittingham Bros, and Instone, merchants, Thornbury, with whom he remained for several years. He opened a general store at Thornbury in 1884, and on the 1st of April, 1885, the Post Office and store at Drummond, where he carries on a large trade with the farmers of the surrounding districts. He also owns and cultivates a farm of 200 acres. Since Mr. Shearer settled in Drummond, he has taken an active and prominent part in local matters, having been chairman and secretary of the Drummond school committee for many years. He was married in 1878 to Mrs. M. Pearson, relict of Mr. Pearson, of the Island of Arran, and one son and one daughter have been born of the union. Mrs Shearer had had, by her first husband, six children, of whom five have been married since her marriage with Mr. Shearer.
, Farmer and Threshing Mill proprietor, Maiden Park, Drummond. Mr Coombes was born in 1867, in Cornwall, England, and came to New Zealand at an early age. He was educated and brought up to farming at Russell's Flat, and at Springfield, Canterbury. In 1895, Mr Coombes commenced farming on his own account, and subsequently bought part of the Gladfield estate at Drummond. but resold the property two years later. He then bought a farm at Ringway, but sold it also after two years' occupation. Mr Coombes then settled at Maiden Park, Drummond. This property consists of 356 acres, and is devoted to mixed farming. In 1904, Mr Coombes bought a threshing and chaff-cutting plant which he has worked successfully throughout the Drummond district. He was married, in October, 1896, to a daughter of Mr William McGarvie, of Otautau, and has two sons and two daughters.
, Farmer, “Bayswater,” Drummond. Mr Kennedy was born in 1871 at Aparima, and was educated at Limestone Plains, and Heddon Bush. He was brought up to farming, and in 1895 took up 200 acres of land on his own account at Heddon Bush. He afterwards, in conjunction with two brothers, bought about 800 acres of land at Ringway. Four years later, he sold out his interest in this property, and bought 1,000 acres at Bayswater. Mr Kennedy has greatly improved his property, every acre of which is now ploughable, and has erected a fifteen stall stable, with four loose boxes. As an Oddfellow, Mr Kennedy is connected with the Winton Lodge. He is also a member of the Order of Good Templars. Mr Kennedy is a keen sportsman, and has been an owner and breeder of thoroughbreds for some years. He has ridden his own trotting horses at Southland race-meetings, and has been a frequent winner. With his horse “White Wave,” he won races three years in succession, and has also been successful with the horses “Silver Mine” and “Ringwood,” at Winton. Mr Kennedy is the proprietor of thoroughbred draught entires, and has a registered flock of Border Leicester sheep.
, Farmer, Drummond. Mr Lindsay was born in December, 1854, in Argyleshire, Scotland, and was brought to New Zealand as an infant. He was educated at Waianiwa, where he was brought up to farming. The family removed to
Limestone Plains in 1874, and Mr Lindsay worked with his father till 1885, when he bought 175 acres of land in the district. The land was then almost covered with tussocks
, Farmer, “Bogside,” Drummond. Mr Lindsay, who is the seventh son of the late Mr John Lindsay, was born in 1863 at Waianiwa. He was educated there and at Limestone Plains, and was brought up to farming at “Burnbank.” In 1893, Mr Lindsay commenced farming on his own account at Drummond, where he had bought 100 acres of freehold, and ten years later acquired an additional 200 acres. He has made numerous improvements on the property and has erected a substantial residence and outbuildings. Mr Lindsay was for about twenty years joint owner, with his brother, of a threshing plant and a traction engine, and in 1891 became sole owner of the plant. Mr Lindsay was married, on the 24th of January, 1894, to a daughter of Mr Charles McDougall, of Fairfax, and has two sons and three daughters.
, Farmer, Drummond. Mr McFarlane was born in 1841, at Dunkeld, Perthshire, Scotland, where he was educated and brought up to farming. He came to New Zealand in 1863 by the ship “Indian Empire,” and after spending eight months in Canterbury, removed to Southland. Mr McFarlane was employed in farm work for several years, and in 1889 bought 450 acres at Drummond, where he was one of the first settlers. His property was then in a rough state, but has since been brought into a good state of cultivation. Mr McFarlane has also 350 acres of well-improved land on the Ridge, in the same district. He has given close attention to the breeding of Clydesdale horses, with which he has won a large number of prizes at shows throughout New Zealand. The best known of his entire horses have been “McArthur.” “Extinguisher,” “Young Vanquisher,” “New Style,” and “Old Style.” He usually keeps two or three entires, and twenty or thirty fillies and mares. Mr McFarlane was married, in February, 1897, to a daughter of Mr John Evans, of Drummond, who came to New Zealand in 1859, and has four sons and three daughters.
, Farmer, Drummond. Mr. McLeish is one of the leading settiers in the Drummond district, and formed one of the band of colonists who arrived in 1863, by the ship “Robert Henderson.” He was born in 1845, near Dunkeld, Perthshire, and arrived at the Bluff at the age of eighteen years. After being engaged in agricultural employment for some time, he purchased a section of 200 acres in the Drummond district, to which he has since added other land, and now possesses a fine property of 600 acres. Mr. McLeish does not take an active part in political or social affairs, but confines his whole attention to his farm. He was married, in 1880, to Margaret Maria, daughter of Mr. John Officer, of “Mary's Well Farm,” near Thornbury.
, Farmer, “Kyle Park” Drummond. Mr O'Brien was born in 1845, in County Tipperary, Ireland, where he was educated and brought up to farming. He came to New Zealand by the ship “Sevilla,” in 1864, and settled in Southland, where he was in the carrying business on the road to Kingston for several years. About 1888, Mr O'Brien settled at Wallacetown, and six years later removed to Spar Bush, where he bought a farm. He afterwards sold this property, and in 1900, he bought “Kyle Park” at Drummond, a freehold property of 600 acres, on which he has erected a substantial residence and outbuildings, and has otherwise greatly improved the estate. Mr O'Brien served for a year as a member of the Wallacetown school committee. He was married, in 1871, to a daughter of Mr William Deegan, of Oreti Plains, and has three sons and two daughters.
, Farmer, “Welton,” Drummond. Mr Ward's property contains 499 acres of free hold, and is devoted to mixed farming. A specialty is made of poultryraising, and from 400 to 500 fowls of pure strains, chiefly of the White Leghorn variety, are kept. Complete sets of houses and pens have been erected, and a large number of eggs are incubated every season. Mr Ward, who is the eldest son of the late Mr Arthur Ward, was born at Woodend, Canterbury; but was educated principally at Riverton. He was brought up to farming at Drummond, and succeeded to “Welton” on the death of his father in 1902.
, some time of Yellow Bluff Farm, Drummond, was a son of the late Sir Thomas Richard Edridge, “The Elms,” Croydon, Surrey, England, and was born in April, 1852. He was educated at the Naval College, Gosport, entered the Royal Navy, and joined H. M. s. “Bellerophon,” attached to the Channel Fleet, being afterwards transferred to H. M. s. “Lifiey,” of the Flying Squadron, which visited the Australian colonies. In 1872 Mr Edridge left the service, and three years later sailed for Port Chalmers by the ship “Maladale.” After gaining some experience, he bought Yellow Buff Farm, which consisted of 1,400 acres of good grazing land. Mr Edridge was married, in 1883, to Ellen, daughter of the late John Sutton Maltby, Lincolnshire, England, and died in 1901.
, sometime of “Gladvale,” Drummond, was the second son of Mr. E. Jones, builder. He was born at Whittington, Shropshire, England, in 1854, educated at the local national school, and trained as a carpenter at the London and North Western railway workshops, where he worked until leaving England by the ship “Earl of Zetland” for Port Chalmers. On his arrival he proceeded to the Bluff, and worked at his trade for ten years in the Riverton district, and also farmed some land in that neighbourhood. In 1894, he purchased 600 acres of the Gladfield estate, which he cultivated upon the mixed plan, principally raising fat lambs for export, and also growing linseed. Mr. Jones was well known throughout Southland, Otago, and Canterbury as an experienced and successful breeder of draught horses, as well as a prize exhibitor of linseed at the agricultural shows, at Dunedin, Riverton, and Winton. He was a keen sportsman, and was vice-president of the Drummond Racing Club; he had also been a steward of the Western Districts Agricultural and Pastoral Society for several years. Mr. Jones was married, in 1878, to Miss Newton, and had six children. He died some time ago, but his widow and family still live at “Gladvale.”
was born near Dunbar, Haddingtonshire, Scotland
, sometime of “Welton,” Drummond, was born in Hull, Yorkshire, England. He went to sea as a lad, and came to New Zealand about the year 1850. Mr Ward settled in Christchurch, where he followed a mercantile life for some years, and twenty years later, acquired the property now occupied by his son, Mr W, E. Ward. The land was then in its native state, but Mr Ward lived to see it fully improved, and planted with some very fine belts of shelter trees. He was married, in 1862, to a daughter of the late Mr Edward Simpson, of Stowemarket, Suffolk, England, and at his death in September, 1902, left two sons and three daughters.
is an agricultural and pastoral settlement four miles and a-half from Drummond, and nine miles from Otautau. It takes its name from Gladfield estate, at one time owned by the late Mr James Mackintosh, pioneer and politician. About 1893, the Gladfield property was subdivided for closer settlement, and since that time a considerable number of settlers have erected homesteads in the district. Gladfield is in the electoral district of Wallace, and in the Otautau riding of the county of Southland, and at the census of 1901, had a population of sixty-four. The land is level, and of good quality. The public school was opened in February, 1904, and has an average attendance of twenty children. The local road extends from Gladfield northward towards Heddon Bush, southward to Limestone Plains, eastward to Drummond, and westward to Otautau. There is no church in the district, but ample accommodation in this respect is provided in the neighbouring settlements.
, Farmer, Gladfield. Mr Buick was born in 1868, in County Antrim, Ireland, where he was brought up to farming. He came to New Zealand by the s.s. “Rimutaka,” in 1878, and settled in the Winton district, where he was employed in farm work for several years. In 1896, Mr Buick bought 170 acres of the Gladfield estate, and in 1901 acquired a further area of 143 acres. Mr Buick has effected considerable improvements in the property, which is devoted to mixed farming.
McFetrick, William, Farmer, “Gladfield Homestead,” Gladfield. Mr McFetrick was born in County Derry, Ireland, in 1846, and came to New Zealand by the ship “Dauntless,” in 1863. He was engaged in gold mining, chiefly in the Nevis district, for over thirty years. In the year of his arrival in New Zealand, he proceeded to the West Coast, but three years later returned to Otago, where he engaged in hydraulic sluicing, with considerable success. In 1893, Mr McFetrick retired from mining, and bought “Gladfield Homestead,” a property of 564 acres, and he has since acquired an additional area of 272 acres in the neighbourhood. Mr McFetrick devotes himself to the breeding of Shorthorn cattle, Clydesdale horses, and crossbred sheep.
is in the Otautau riding of the county of Wallace, and in the electorate of Wallace, and lies on the eastern bank of the Aparima river, opposite Wrey's Bush. The district takes its name from the large estate farmed for many years by Mr John Tennant, but now sub-divided into a number of farms, of which the greater proportion have been taken up. It consists of beautiful level country, where various small patches of native bush still remain, and there are some remarkably fine homesteads. Invercargill is thirtyfour miles distant; Drummond, six miles; Otautau, ten; and Winton thirteen. Heddon Bush district consists of a strip of country, about ten miles long by four miles wide. It has a public school, and the post office is in charge of the headmaster. There has been a postal service in the district since the seventies, and telephone connection was established in 1899. There is no church in the locality, but fortnightly services in connection with the Presbyterian body are held in the local school house. The industries of the district, apart from pasturage and agriculture, include flaxmilling. At the census of 1901, Heddon Bush district had a population of 146.
. This school, which was opened in 1881, contains one classroom. It is attended by about thirty pupils.
, Headmaster of the Heddon Bush School, was born in Copenhagen, Denmark, in 1837, was educated in the Royal Vajsenhus, and went to sea at the age of fifteen years. After visiting India, South and Central America, and the Californian goldfields, he sailed for China, where, as mate of a Peruvian vessel, he traded among the coastal ports for two years. This was rather an exciting period of his life, as the coast of China was at that time infested with piratical junks. Leaving China in 1856, he made a trip home, and in 1857 he paid his last visit to Copenhagen. Then followed a voyage to Bombay, where the troops had just come down from Cawnpur, after the terrible massacre during the mutiny. In February, 1859, he arrived in Lyttelton by the barque “Ambrosine,” Captain Parson, and in the following year settled at Oamaru. Mr Hassing engaged in supplying timber for the runs in the neighbourhood of Lake Wanaka, and was the first man to open up the magnificent forest on the Makaroa river, at the head of the lake. When the Dunstan “rush” took place, he was one of the earliest on the field, and afterwards established the first ferry to Albertown, which proved highly remunerative. Subsequently, he established ferries and stores at Sandy Point and Rocky Point, on the Upper Clutha. In 1864, in company with the late Mr William Docherty, he explored the headwaters of the Haast, Clark, and Landsborough rivers, and discovered a magnificent area of grass country. The intrepid explorers spent ninety days without seeing a human being except themselves. After following the West Coast “rushes,” Mr Hassing returned to Lake Wanaka, in 1868, and engaged in trade on the Lake, where he build several vessels. He sold out at Wanaka in 1874, and acquired considerable mining interests at Cardrona; but as he was swamped out by the great flood, in 1878, he changed his occupation, and obtained the appointment of headmaster of the Cardrona school. Mr Hassing, who is a frequent contributor to the Scandinavian press, is also an active member of the Order of Freemasons, and takes a deep interest in the progress and general welfare of the Heddon Bush district. He was married, in 1875, to the only daughter of the late Mr Joseph Price, of Westminster, London, and has one daughter. Mrs Hassing arrived in Wellington, in 1869, by the ship “Forfarshire.”
(James Thomson, proprietor), Heddon Bush. This mill was established in 1903. The building is of wood and iron, and is situated on a site of twenty acres of land, on the bank of the Aparima river. The machinery is driven by a twelve horse-power steam engine, and the output is about twenty tons of dressed flax per month. The raw material is drawn from the Drummond and Bayswater districts, and about thirty men are employed in connection with the mill.
, Manager and Engineer of the Heddon Bush Flaxmill, was born in 1881, near Winchester, Canterbury. He was brought up to farming, and was afterwards engaged in flaxmilling at Winton. In 1902, he was employed at the Heddon Bush station, and was appointed to his present position in 1903.
, Farmer, corner of Yellow Bluff and Mayfield roads, Heddon Bush. Mr Cowie is the eldest son of Mr John Cowie, of Winton. He was born at Winton, in 1873, and brought up to farming by his father. In 1896, Mr Cowie bought 220 acres of freehold, on which he has erected a homestead and outbuildings, and has spent a considerable amount of money in draining and fencing, Mr Cowie engages chiefly in sheepfarming and cropping, and has obtained as much as fifty-four bushels of wheat to the acre. He was married, in October, 1898, to a daughter of the late Mr Archibald McArthur, of Winton, and has two sons.
, Farmer, Heddon Bush. Mr Clark is the owner of 253 acres of freehold, on which he has erected a substantial residence. The property is devoted to mixed farming, and particularly to the breeding of Clydesdale horses. Mr Clark owns the entire horse “Tam o' Shanter,” by “Sandy Erskine,” and has been very
, Farmer, “Willowbank,” Heddon Bush. Mr Clark was born in Perthshire, Scotland, in 1860, and was brought to New Zealand by his parents, when three years old, by the ship “Sir George Pollock.” The family settled at Riverton, and Mr Clark was educated at Gummies Bush, where he was brought up to farming. About 1879, Mr Clark started contracting in the Nightcaps district, and continued at that occupation till 1894, when he commenced farming in the same district. In September, 1901, he sold his property at Nightcaps, and bought “Willow Bank,” which contains 200 acres of freehold. The farm was then in a neglected state, but has since been brought into a well-cultivated condition. Mr Clark has been a member of the Heddon Bush school committee since 1902, and is a member of the Heddon Bush branch of the New Zealand Farmers' Union. As a Freemason, he is attached to the Winton lodge. Mr Clark was married, in 1894, to a daughter of Mr William Ogilvie, of Mabel Bush, and has four sons and two daughters.
, Farmer, Heddon Bush. Mr. Cochrane is the second son of Mr. Robert Cochrane, grain merchant, and was born in Edinburgh, Scotland, in 1851. He was educated at Slateford, and worked on his grandfather's farm, and also farmed on his own account, until he left Scotland by the ship “Dunnottar Castle,” for Port Chalmers. On his arrival in New Zealand, in May, 1879, Mr. Cochrane obtained employment on the Clydevale station, Otago, and afterwards worked for Mr. William Todd, “Willow Acre,” East Taieri. Subsequently he became overseer for Mr. John Douglas, of Mount Royal, Palmerston South, and of the Waihao Downs, South Canterbury. He then became manager of the Bayswater Estate, owned by Mr. J. H. Smith, and, from 1888 to 1898, was manager of the Annandale Estate, belonging to the Otago and Southland Investment Company. Mr. Cochrane then settled upon his own farm at Heddon Bush, which he had purchased in 1893. He was married, in 1895, to Emma, daughter of the late Mr. Herbert Simpson, of Riverton.
, Farmer, “Cardean,” Heddon Bush. “Cardean” is a property of 259 acres of freehold, 150 acres of which were acquired by the owner in 1894, and the rest in 1902. The land was originally covered with tussocks, but has since been brought into a good state of cultivation. Mr McDonald was born in 1861, at Denichan, Forfarshire, Scotland, and was educated at Kingsmuir, where he was brought up to farming. Mr McDonald came to New Zealand in 1882 by the ship “Auckland,” and was employed for fifteen months at Waimatuku Flat. He afterwards worked for two years at Glenburn, Otautau, and subsequently settled at Heddon Bush, where he acquired his present property, and erected a substantial homestead. Mr McDonald was married, in 1895, to a
is a splendid farming district, and is practically a continuation northward of the rich agricultural districts of Drummond and Heddon Bush. Some of the finest farming land in Southland is in the locality. South Hillend is in the Winton. riding of the county of Southland, and in the electoral district of Wallace; and had, at the census of 1901, a population of 258. It lies westward of the Oreti, and eastward of the Aparima. There is a public school and a post office, of which the school master has charge, and mails are received, and despatched, on Mondays, Wednesdays and Fridays in each week. A handsome little public hall, erected as the result of public subscription, is available for public gatherings.
stands on about five acres of land, and there is a six-roomed residence for the headmaster. There is an average attendance of forty children. The local post office is conducted at the school, and mails are received, and despatched, on Mondays, Wednesdays and Fridays.
, who has been in charge of the South Hillend School since 1901, was born in Banffshire, Scotland, in 1851, and came to New Zealand in 1869. Mr Milne was assistant at the Union Street school, Dunedin, for four years, just after Mr Robert Stout (now Chief Justice Sir Robert Stout) left, and was afterwards for four years at the Switzers goldfield school. He was then at Gore eighteen months, at Waikaia for two years, and at Kelso for two years. After a second period of two years at Waikaia, Mr Milne took charge of a school near Amberley, whence he proceeded to Wendonside, where he remained for twelve years. In 1901 he received his present appointment at South Hillend, where he also acts as postmaster for the district. Mr Milne was married, in 1876, to a daughter of Mr Smith, of Waikaia.
(George Ramage, proprietor), South Hillend. This smithy is situated about three miles from the Centre Bush railway station. A general blacksmithing business is carried on, and there is a manager and one assistant.
, Manager of the South Hillend Smithy, was born at Kyeburn, Otago, in 1879. He was educated at Wedderburn, learned his trade as a blacksmith at Blackstone Hill, and worked as a journeyman at Centre Bush for two years, at Wedderburn two years, and for a year at Ida Valley. Mr Messent was appointed to his present position in January, 1903.
, Farmer, South Hillend. Mr Payne has a small farm in the South Hillend district, and, in partnership with Mr Pettigrew, he supplies, from bush on his property, fencing stakes and timber for drain covering to the surrounding farmers. Mr Payne was born in 1876, at Waikiwi, educated at Limehills, and was employed at general work for some years after leaving school. He then engaged in sawmill work, and afterwards started a sawmill on his own account at Pukearuhe. This mill was worked for two years until the supply of timber was exhausted, and in 1901 Mr Payne took up his present farm. He was married, in 1904, to a daughter of Mr T. Tressler, of “Lady Barkly.”
had a population of ninety-six at the census of 1901, and there were ninety-two persons in the immediate vicinity. The railway line from Invercargill to Kingston passes through the district, whose flag station is twenty-three miles from Invercargill, and four miles from Winton, and stands at an elevation of 210 feet above sea level. The Oreti river and Winton stream run through the district, which has a post office and a public school. An excellent metalled road from Winton towards the Lake passes through the settlement, which takes its name from the lime-burning works, which have long been in active operation with the excellent limestone found in the locality. There is a telephone bureau at the local store. The township contains two stores, a butchery, a saddlery, two blacksmith's shops, a restaurant, and an accommodation house. There is also a very pretty Presbyterian church, and the local Lodge of Good Templars has a public hall. The settlement is in the Awarua electorate, and in the Winton riding of the county of Southland.
(Mrs E. Hammond, proprietress). Visitors to the district are able to obtain comfortable accommodation and good meals at this house.
, the Proprietress, was born at Colkirk, in the county of Norfolk, England, and is a daughter of the late Mr Peter Marshall, bootmaker, of that county. She married Mr Henry Hammond, a
, Blacksmith, Limehills. Mr McDonald established his business in 1892, and has two forges and a complete plant. A general smithing and horshoeing business is carried on, and two assistants are employed. Mr McDonald was born in 1861, at the Water of Leith, Dunedin, and, on leaving school, was apprenticed to the blacksmithing trade. He afterwards worked as a journeyman for a short time, and then started a smith's shop about two miles from his present premises. Mr McDonald is a member of the Lime-hills Rifle Club. He was married, in 1894, to a daughter of Mrs Rodgers, postmistress, Limehills, and has one daughter.
, Saddler and Hairdresser, Limehills. Mr Brown was born at Queenscliff, Victoria in 1857, came to Invercargill in 1864, and after leaving school served four years and a-half as a compositor in the printing office of the “News.” He then learned the saddlery trade with his father, the late Mr Colin Brown, with whom he remained for five years, and afterwards served successively for two years in Dunedin, three years with Mason Struthers and Co., Christchurch, four years as manager for Mr Kilpatrick, of Blenheim, and seven years with Mr William Wiggins, saddler, Wellington, before opening his present premises at Limehills in 1895. Mr Brown carries on a general saddlery and harnessmaking business, making a specialty of saddles; and he has on many occasions been a prize-taker for harness and saddles at Invercargill shows. He is local agent for the Royal Insurance Company, a steward of the Centre Bush Hack Racing Club, and a member of the Limehills Rifle Club and Cricket Club; and he was for some years a member of the old Invercargill Band, and also of the Southland Hussars. Mr Brown was married, in 1892, to a daughter of Mr E. J. T. Price, contractor, Wellington, and has two daughters and one son.
(Hugh Henry McLean and John McLean), General Merchants, Limehills. This is a general country business, and the resident partner employs two assistants in the store, and two men are also employed in the delivery of goods. McLean Brothers are the local agents for McKenzie and Roach's bicycles, Invercargill.
, the Resident Partner, acts as manager of the business. He was born in 1878, at Winton, and educated at Balfour, where his father had a farm. He spent some years in Mr R. Grant's store at Balfour, and in October, 1902, bought his present business, which had been established two years previously. Mr McLean is treasurer of the local Athletic Club, and secretary of the Cricket Club, and he has competed successfully in cycling events.
was born in 1875, at Waimatuku, was brought up on his father's property, and followed farming until joining his brother as a member of the firm of McLean Brothers.
The Limehills Lime Burning Works. These works stand upon a Government reserve of seventy acres, and have a complete plant for the treatment of the stone, including a furnace kiln, which burns coal. There is a forty-foot face of lime extending over about twenty acres, and the works turn out from 100 to 150 tons weekly. A railway siding connects the works with the Government siding at Limehills. About eight persons are employed at the works. Messrs J. G. Ward and Co. are agents at Invercargill.
, Manager of the Lime Burning Works at Limehills, was born in 1862, in Dunedin, where he was educated, and entered the boot factory of Sargood, Son and Ewen, with whom he remained for six months. He then went to farm work, at which he remained for some years. After working with Mr Proud-foot, the well-known contractor, for about four years, Mr McDonald went to the Milburn Lime and Cement Works, where he remained for sixteen years, gaining a knowledge of lime-burning in all its branches; and in 1902 he received his present appointment at Limehills. He has taken part in running, wrestling, stone-putting and caber-throwing events, and still competes in quoiting. During his residence at Milburn, Mr McDonald was a member of the local school committee. He was married, in 1889, to a daughter of Mr George Carson, of Millburn, and has one son and one daughter.
is in the electoral district of Wallace, and in the Winton riding of the county of Southland, and is traversed by the main road from Invercargill through Winton to the Lakes, and the Invercargill-Kingston line of railway. The local railway station and goods shed are in charge of an officer of the department; and the station, which stands at an altitude of 242 feet above the level of the sea, is seven miles from Winton, and twenty-six miles from Invercargill. At the census of 1901, the population of the village of Centre Bush was eighty-three, with fifty-four additional in the vicinity. The district is devoted chiefly to agriculture, but sawmilling and flaxmilling are also carried on. There is no post office in the district, but the adjoining settlement of Limehills affords facilities in this respect, and also for the education of the children of the settlers.
(James Anderson Keith Proprietor), Centre Bush. This mill, which is situated near the Oreti river, within a short distance of the Centre Bush railway station, was started in 1904. The supply of flax is practically inexhaustible, and in view of this fact good buildings have been erected, and the latest machinery installed. There are two engines, one of eight horse-power and one of six horse-power; and the plant is complete, even to that for the baling of the dressed fibre. Mr Keith, who is owner of the mill, is referred to in another article as licensee of the Railway Hotel at Winton.
, Farmer, “Craigielea,” Centre Bush. Mr Clinch was born in 1855, at Chilham Mill, near Canterbury, East Kent, England, and was brought up to farming. He came out to New Zealand in 1875 by the ship “Corona,” and followed general farmwork for about a year, after which he was contracting for eight years. In 1892, Mr Clinch bought 553 acres of land at Centre Bush, but finding this area too large to work profitably, he sold part of it, and retained 271 acres, which he has brought under full cultivation, and devotes to mixed farming. Great improvements have been made on the property, and a comfortable house and outbuildings have recently been erected. Mr Clinch is a member of the Benmore River Board. He was married, in May, 1903, to a daughter of the late Mr Walter Henderson, of “Craighouse,” and has one son.
. The district lying between Centre Bush and Dipton is generally known as Fernhills, but Harrington is the name of the postal district and of the railway siding. The station, which is on the Invercargill-Kingston line of railway, is ten miles from Winton, and twenty-nine miles from Invercargill, and stands at an elevation of 283 feet above sea level. At the census of 1901, the immediate neighbourhood of the siding had a population of eighteen, the township of Fernhills seventy, and the district thirty-five. The settlements of Fernhills and Harrington are in the Winton riding of the county of Southland, and in the electorate of Wallace. They are purely agricultural districts, and all the available bush has been cut out. A part of the district known as Fernhill village settlement is occupied by small settlers. The district is on the eastern bank of the Oreti river, and is watered also by the Winton stream. It has a public school, and there is a Presbyterian church, where services are conducted by the minister who resides at Dipton.
(William Milne, proprietor), Harrington. This hotel, which stands on a section of ten acres on the main road, six miles from Dip-ton, and twelve miles from Winton, is a wooden building containing ten rooms. There is a good stable with four stalls and a loose box. A blacksmith's shop on the premises is owned by the proprietor, who also holds a small farm of ninety acres adjoining.
, the Proprietor, was born at Lovell's Flat in 1866, and was brought up to sheep-farming on his father's property, in the Wyndham district. He was shepherding for some years, but left that employment to take up a hotel at Mossburn. Mr Milne afterwards removed to Lumsden, where he held the Elbow Hotel for a year before acquiring the Benmore Hotel and property. He was a member of the Mossburn and Fernhill school committees, and is attached to Alma Lodge, Independent Order of Oddfellows, American Constitution, Wyndham. Mr Milne was married, in
, Farmer, Harrington. Mr Ferguson was born in 1852, at Balson, Lanarkshire, Scotland, and worked as a miner for some years before coming to the Bluff in 1877, by the ship “Pomona.” He worked as a farm labourer for about five years, and in 1882 bought a small section of twenty acres at Fernhill. This he sold some time afterwards, and took up “Clover Park,” a farm of 106 acres in the same district. Finding this too small, Mr Ferguson sold out and bought his present farm of 316 acres in the Harrington district, which he works successfully. He has been a member of Fernhill school committee for twelve years, and about 1878 he was a member of one of the Invercargill volunteer corps. Mr Ferguson was married, in 1876, to a daughter of the late Mr W. Wilkie, of Lanarkshire, Scotland, and has a family of four sons and four daughters.
, Farmer, Harrington. Mr Payne was born at West Bromwich, Staffordshire, England, in 1846, and was brought up to sawing. He came to Port Chalmers in 1873, and soon after his arrival in the colony started sawing at Seaward Downs, and has followed the same line of work ever since. In 1882, he bought a small farm in the Fernhill Village Settlement. The property was then in bush, but it has since been brought under cultivation, and a comfortable house and all the necessary outbuildings have been erected. Mr Payne is agent, at Centre Bush, for the Winton Rabbiters' Co-operative Association, Limited. He was married, in 1867, to a daughter of Mr Thomas Love, mechanical engineer, and has a family of five sons and three daughters.
, as a settlement, is divided into two parts, which stand, respectively, on the eastern and western banks of the Oreti river. The original township was founded before the extension of the railway to the Lakes district, and stands on the Dipton Flat, on the western bank of the river. In the early sixties, Messrs Morrison, Law and Squires became proprietors of the Dipton station, which was worked for many years as a sheep run, and in 1877, the site of the township was sold by auction at the Land Office, Invercargill. At one time during its history there were two hotels and a blacksmith's shop in the township. The main road leading towards the Lake district passes through the settlement. In 1904, the township, apart from dwelling-houses, consisted of a store, Presbyterian and English churches, a public library and a dairy factory. The new township took its rise at the opening of the railway, and consists of private and business premises on both sides of the line; it is stated that, properly, it should be called Oreti. The business premises consist of a store, bakery and butchery combined, an hotel, a blacksmith's shop, a public hall, and a Roman Catholic church. The two townships are connected by a good road, and a fine bridge over the river. The old bridge was erected in 1876, and did duty till the 17th of October, 1902, when the present bridge was completed. Quarterly stock sales are held in Dipton, at the yards of the local Sale Yards Company. The station is a post and telephone office combined; it stands at an altitude of 423 feet above sea level, and is thirty-seven miles from Invercargill. Dipton proper is in the Winton riding of the county of Southland, and, at the census of 1901, had a population of sixty-eight, while on the Dipton Flat, surrounding the township, there were 204 additional inhabitants. East Dipton is in the Oreti riding of the county of Southland, and at the census of 1901, had a population of ninety-three, with forty-six extra in the vicinity. The public school of Dipton was attended by seventy children, on an average, in 1904. Near the school stands the commodious manse of the Presbyterian minister of the Dipton-Fernhills charge.
was opened in 1877 on the completion of the railway line from Winton The goods handled at the station consist chiefly of wool, grain, dairy produce and rabbits.
, formerly stationmaster and postmaster at Dipton, is the youngest son of Mr. H. T. Rasmussen. He was born at Wetherstones, near Lawrence, Otago, and was educated at the district school; joined the New Zealand railway service in 1884 at Dunedin, and after being instructed in telegraph work, was appointed cadet at Waitahuna railway station and post office, and successively held other appointments at Dunedin, Palmerston South, Clinton, and Lawrence. In August, 1897, he was appointed to Dipton, whence he was transferred, some years afterwards, to Waitahuna. Mr. Rasmussen is an old member of the Independent Order of Oddfellows, Manchester Unity, and holds the rank of Past Grand in Lodge Tuapeka Pioneer. He was married, in 1897, to Margaret, daughter of Mr. James Milne, of Palmerston South.
, who is Ganger of No. 5 section, Invercargill-Kingston line of railway, resides at Dipton. He was born, in 1847, at at Borton-on-the-water, Gloucestershire, England, and followed general labouring work for some years before coming to New Zealand in 1872, by the ship “Zealandia.” He started work on railway formation with Messrs John and Norman Campbell, in whose service he remained two years and a-half. Mr Shaw first entered the Government railway service in 1880 as a ganger at Athol. He served on the Athol school committee for two or three terms. Mr Shaw was married in 1872, to a daughter of the late Mr Jesse Lane, carpenter, Borton-on-the-water, Gloucestershire, England, and has a family of four sons and five daughters.
, Dipton, was erected in 1903. It is a handsome wood and iron building, with a glebe of three acres of land, and has accommodation for 150 persons. Services are held every Sunday morning, and occasionally in the evening. The vicar, who resides at Winton, visits the church periodically, and is assisted by a lay reader.
, who was for some time Cheesemaker of the Oreti Dairy Factory, Dipton, was born at Weston, near Oamaru, in 1877. For some time after leaving school he was employed on a sheep station, and was then engaged in general farm work. After spending about eighteen months in Messrs Saxon Brothers' store at Waihola, he was employed at the Inchclutha creamery, where he remained for about two years. He then went back to storekeeping, and was for over a year in Mr Farquhar's store at Stirling, but at the time of the Boer war he left for South Africa with the Sixth New Zealand Contingent. On his return he learned cheesemaking at Edendale under Mr Sawers, and became cheesemaker at the Oreti Factory at Dipton in 1904. After leaving Dip-ton, he was appointed manager of the Omimi Dairy Factory, Seacliff, Otago.
, Produce Merchant, General Carrier, and Farmer, Dipton. Mr Musselwhite has a forty-two-acre farm on the Dipton Flat, and carries on his business at Dipton, where he also holds the agency for the Royal Insurance Company, and for the Kaitangata Coal Company. He was born at New Forest, England, in 1845, and educated in Fawley parish. He was employed in the building trade at Cowes, in the Isle of Wight, and on public works in various parts of England, before coming to Lyttelton by the ship “Lady Jocelyn,” in 1872. From Lyttelton he went to the Bluff, in the small steamer “Wellington.” In 1874, Mr Mussel-white settled in the Dipton district, where he bought his farm three years later. He was a member of the Riverside school committee for many years and afterwards commissioner for the same school. He is attached to the Acorn Lodge of Druids, Invercargill. Mr Musselwhite was married, in 1877, to a daughter of Mr Henry Cooper, coachbuilder, Gladstone, and has three sons.
, General Storekeeper, Dipton. Mr Whitaker established his business in 1878. The business premises, which stand on a section of one acre, comprise a large wood and iron double-fronted shop, with a residence at the back. The departments of the business include groceries,
, Farmer, Dipton. Mr Laing owns 600 acres of freehold, which he took up in 1884. The property, which was then covered with tussocks, has been laid down in English grasses, and is worked as a grain farm. Mr Laing was born in Inverness-shire, Scotland, in 1852, and accompanied his father to New Zealand by the ship “Storm Cloud,” which arrived at Port Chalmers in 1861. The family settled at Wallace-town, and Mr Laing was brought up on his father's farm. In 1878, he commenced contract ploughing at Castlerock, where he resided for about seven years, prior to settling on his present property at Dipton.
(Melbourne Trust Company, Limited, proprietors, Melbourne), Dipton. The “Moorabool” property consists of 4,930 acres of freehold on the west bank of the Oreti river, adjoining the township of Dip-ton, and extending back to the hills. The original area of the estate has been considerably reduced, owing to part of the land having been disposed of for closer settlement. About 3,200 sheep are shorn annually.
, Manager of the Moorabool Estate, is the second son of the late Mr F. Woodward, manager of the National Bank at Invercargill, and was born at the Thames in 1873. He was educated principally at Riverton, and was brought up to farming in Southland and Canterbury. He served for four years and three months under Mr John Tennant, of Heddon Bush station, and for four years under the late Mr John Grigg, of Longbeach, Canterbury. Mr Woodward farmed on his own account at Waikiwi for eighteen months, but afterwards sold out and was appointed to the management of the Moorabool estate in 1899. He served for two years in the Southland Mounted Rifles. As a Freemason, he is connected with Lodge Taringatura, No. 100, New Zealand Constitution, Lumsden; and as an Oddfellow, he joined Waterton Lodge, Manchester Unity, near Longbeach, Canterbury, in 1896. Mr Woodward is secretary of the Dipton branch of the New Zealand Farmers' Union. He has been a frequent exhibitor of Clydesdale horses, with which he has been a prize-taker at Southland shows.
is a farming district on the Dipton Flat, five miles to the south of Dipton. It is not far from Benmore, and lies towards the hills, on the other side of the valley through which flows the Oreti river. Dipton creek, a tributary of the river runs through the settlement, which is in the Winton riding of the county of Southland, and in the electorate of Wallace. Riverside has had a school since 1885, but there is no post office in the district, and Dipton is the post-al address of the settlers. The land is level, and specially suitable for pastoral purposes. A number of the settlers have large holdings, some of which run into 3,000 acres. The district extends from the western bank of the Oreti river to the Foothills.
was founded in 1885. The buildings, which are of wood and iron, stand on a section of an acre and a-half, and comprise a schoolroom, a four-roomed cottage for the teacher, and shelter-sheds. There is accommodation for forty-eight children. In 1904 there were thirty names on the roll, with an average attendance of twenty-four.
, Headmistress of the Riverside Public School, was appointed to the position in 1904.
, Farmer, “Willowburn,” Riverside. Mr Finlayson's property is 400 acres in extent, and has been farmed by him since the death of his father, the late Mr N. Finlayson, in 1896.
, Farmer, Riverside. Mr Hayward was born in 1857, in Adelaide, South Australia. He was brought by his parents to Southland in 1863, and was educated at Waianiwa, where he was brought up to country
life. When fifteen years of age, he commenced to drive teams on the road, and worked for his father till attaining his majority. He was then employed
, sometime of “Willowburn,” Riverside, was a son of the late Mr Kenneth Finlayson, of Waikiwi, and was born in 1843. at Woolongong, New South Wales. He was brought up to farming at Waikiwi, and in 1877 removed to the Riverside district, where he took up 600 acres of land on deferred payment, in conjunction with two of his brothers. Subsequently, he took over 200 acres on his own account, and, later on, acquired a further area of 200 acres. The land was then chiefly in swamp, but Mr Finlayson lived to see the entire property in a good state of cultivation. Mr Finlayson served as a member of the Dipton Creek River Board, and on the Riverside school committee, and was also a member of the Presbyterian church committee at Dipton. He was married, in 1881, to a daughter of Mr Alexander Gillanders, of Ross-shire, Scotland, and at his death, on the 4th of September, 1896, left one son. Mrs Finlayson survives her husband, and resides with her son on the farm.
is a railway siding about four miles from Dipton, and nine miles from Lumsden. It is on the Invercargill-Kingston line of railway, forty-one miles from Invercargill, and stands at an elevation of 484 feet above the level of the sea. The Caroline Valley runs off almost at right angles from the railway, in an easterly direction towards Balfour. It is a farming district, but flax-milling is also carried on. About two miles from the railway station stands the Caroline public school, in which services are held by the Presbyterian minister at Dipton. There is a post office in the district with a daily mail service. The settlement lies in the Oreti riding of the county of Southland, in the electoral district of Wallace, and had a population of ninety-four at the census of 1901.
(E. G. Alford, proprietor), Waiau. The Caroline flaxmill was situated originally about two miles and a-half from the Caroline siding, but was afterwards removed to the Waiau district. It is well-equipped with up-to-date machinery, including a twelve horse-power stationary engine and a fifteen horse-power boiler. Thirty persons are employed.
, Proprietor and Manager of the Caroline flaxmill, was born in London, in 1870. and left there for South Australia with his parents, in 1878. He came to New Zealand in 1893, and was employed with Ross and Co., twine manufacturers, Invercargill, for seven years. For two years he managed a mill for Mr Cruicksbank, and in October, 1902, started a mill at Otapiri Gorge for himself. In 1903, he removed to Josephville, settled at Caroline in April, 1904, and, later on, went to Waiau. Mr Alford married a daughter of Mrs Durham, of Invercargill, in 1895.
, Farmer, Caroline. Mr Craig holds a farm of about 600 acres in the Caroline Valley; 285 acres freehold, and 311 acres leasehold, about three miles from Caroline siding. Mr Craig was born at Glenluce, Wigtonshire, Scotland, in 1851, and arrived at Port Chalmers in 1875, by the ship “Maori.” He was educated at Dune-din, and worked on his father's farm at Goodwood, until he started farming in the Shag Valley district with his brothers. In 1874, he took up land in the Oamaru district with his brother James. After leaving Oamaru he took up, in 1883, a small section near Caroline siding, where he engaged in the firewood trade. In 1886, he took up 150 acres at Dipton, but sold out in 1900 to remove to Caroline. In 1877, Mr Craig married a daughter of Mr George Lindsay, of “Birkenshaw,” Milton, and has five sons and three daughters.
, Farmer, “Knottingley,” Caroline. Mr. Senior was born in 1852, in the West Riding of Yorkshire, England, and was educated at Pontefract. He left for Australia in 1877 by the s.s. “Chimborazo,” and followed various pursuits in New South Wales for five years. After re-visiting the Old Country he came to New Zealand in 1883 and settled in Southland, where he acquired his farm of 400 acres, on which he systematically grows crops and depastures stock. Mr. Senior was married in 1893 to a daughter of Mr. Alexander Jenkins, of Dipton.
, Farmer, Caroline. Mr Taylor has a farm of 600 acres, about four miles from Caroline siding. He was born in Monmouth, Wales, England, in 1862, educated there, and in 1875 came to New Zealand with his parents, in the ship “Soukar.” The family settled at Waimate, Canterbury, and after some time Mr Taylor started there in dairy supply work. After spending some years in general farm work, he took up 340 acres of his present holding in 1888, and added the remainder later on. As he has a considerable extent of valuable bush on his farm, Mr Taylor engages extensively in the firewood trade, and carts to the railway with his own teams. He was for some time a member of the local school committee, and is on the committee of the Dipton Anglican church. In 1883, Mr Taylor married a daughter of Mr John Corkhill, contractor, Waimate, and has five sons and one daughter.
, which has about 300 inhabitants, is situated on the Oreti river, 136 miles distant from Dunedin, and fifty miles from Invercargill. It is the junction for the Dunedin-Kingston and Invercargill and Mossburn lines of railway. In the early days, the place was known as The Elbow, although Elbow proper was some five miles distant, on the opposite bank of the Oreti. The Government,
, County Serfaceman, Lumsden. Mr Sexton was born in 1849, in Devonshire, England, where he was educated and brought up as a baker. He came out to New Zealand in 1873, by the emigrant ship “Asia,” in which he was engaged as ship's baker. Mr Sexton worked at his trade in Dunedin for eight months, when he removed to South Canterbury, where he engaged in road contract work in the Timaru and Wai-mate districts till 1880. He then removed to Southland, where he was employed for four years in rabbiting at Mararoa and Linwood stations, and afterwards commenced business as a baker in Lumsden. He subsequently relinquished this business, and found employment as a carrier and coal merchant for two years. Mr Sexton was appointed county surfaceman by the Southland County Council, for the Lumsden district in 1896. His district extends from Athol to Nokomai and Lumsden, and in another direction as far as Black bridge, near the Mararoa river. Mr Sexton has served on the Lumsden school committee, and is a member of the Loyal Lumsden Lodge of Oddfellows. He was married, in June, 1894, to a daughter of Mr John Maxwell, of Dumfries, Scotland, and has four sons and two daughters.
is one of the most important in Southland, being the junction of the Invercargill-Winton and Dunedin-Gore lines. A short branch line runs from Lumsden to Mossburn, a distance of twelve miles, and taps the Mararoa and Western Lakes. The principal exports from Lumsden are wool, grain, rabbits, and dairy produce. The station is well appointed, and contains waiting, refreshment, and reading rooms. It has also an engine shed, stationmaster's residence, and quarters for the employees.
, Stationmaster and Postmaster at Lumsden, was appointed to the position in 1904. He was born in 1869, at Sydenham, Christchurch, educated in his native town, and entered the railway service as a cadet. He served four years in the railway telegraph office, and five years in the goods department. Then he was appointed stationmaster at Jackson's, on the West Coast, and, three, year later, was transferred to the West Oxford station, Canterbury. Mr Fraser is a member of the New Zealand Railway Officers' Institute, and also of the Lumsden Masonic Lodge. He was married, in 1893, to a daughter of Mr Samuel Campbell Doyle, of Doyleston, Canterbury, and has two daughters and one son.
was born in October, 1878, at Caroline, Southland, educated at Lumsden, entered the railway service in September, 1898, and was appointed acting-ganger in 1903. He was married, on the 2nd of October, 1901, to a daughter of Mr Charles Foster, of Invercargill.
was originally conducted by Mr. McPherson, the first master, in the stable-loft of Mr. Fletcher, the pioneer settler of Lumsden, and the owner of the original Elbow Hotel. It now occupies a fine and suitable building. The number of scholars on the roll is about 150, with an average attendance of over 130.
, B.A., Headmaster of the Lumsden School, is third son of Mr. John Clark, of Portobello, Dunedin. He was born in Glasgow, Scotland, where he received his primary education, arrived in New Zealand with his parents by the ship “Jessie Readman” in 1882, and took his degree at the New Zealand University. In 1884 he entered the service of the Southland Board of Education, and was appointed headmaster at the Dipton school, whence he was transferred to Wyndham. He became first assistant at the Central School, Invercargill, and was finally transferred to his present position in 1896. Mr. Clark is an enthusiastic Freemason, and was initiated in Lodge Mokoreta, No. 63, Wyndham, of which he was secretary and junior warden. He afterwards affiliated with Lodge Southern Cross, Invercargill, and was installed worshipful master of that lodge in 1894. He is secretary of the Lumsden lodge, and has acted in a similar capacity for the Southland branch of the Teachers' Institute for many years. Mr. Clark has considerable literary taste, and possesses a valuable library, which contains many works of some rarity.
, Mistress of the Lumsden Public School, was born in Dunedin, where she was educated at the Arthur Street public school and Otago Girls' High School. She served as a pupil teacher at the Union Street school and attended the Normal Training School for two years, when she was appointed sole teacher at Moutere. Miss Thomson was afterwards mistress of the Papa-Raio school for a year and nine months, when she became assistant at the George Street school, Dunedin. After serving in that capacity for four years and a-half, Miss Thomson was appointed to Lumsden in 1901. She is a member of the Southland branch of the New Zealand Educational Institute.
. Lumsden, was opened in 1884. It stands on a section of two acres of land. The building is of wood and iron, and has accommodation for 110 persons. A Sunday school, with forty children, is held in the church, under the charge of four teachers. The church is in charge of the Vicar of Winton, and services are held every fortnight.
, M.D., Physician and Surgeon, Lumsden. Dr. Todd is the eldest son of Mr. Thomas Todd, of Waikiwi, an old Otago settler, and received his primary education at the North-East Valley school and in Chicago. After six years' experience as a chemist and druggist—two in Timaru and four in Auckland, in addition to the term of his apprenticeship in Dunedin—he proceeded to the United States and studied medicine at the University of Southern California and at Coper's Medical College, San Francisco, gaining his degree at the latter institution. After practising at Los Angeles, California, for some time, he returned to New Zealand, securing registration under the Medical Practitioners Act, 1869. In 1896, Dr. Todd commenced practice at Otautau, and is now (1905) settled in Lumsden.
, Commission Agent, Lumsden. Mr Martin, who is Registrar of Births, Deaths and Marriages for the Lumsden district, is secretary of the Loyal Lumsden Lodge, Manchester Unity, Independent Order of Oddfellows, and secretary of the Lumsden Hack Racing Club. He also holds the local agencies for the Royal Exchange of London Insurance Office (fire), the Australian Widows' Fund Life Assurance, and for the “Southland Times” Mr Martin was born in 1845 at Hendon, London, and became a pupil - teacher in a Government school. He was afterwards in the service of the Great Western Railway for some years before coming to New Zealand in 1872. After a short period spent in the employment of Messrs Cowper and Wilson, of Invercargill, Mr Martin entered the New Zealand railway service, and was, successively, shipping clerk, goods agent at Invercargill, and stationmaster at Lumsdon. Mr Martin left the railway many years ago, and has since resided at Lumsden, where he carries on business as an accountant and commission agent. He was secretary and treasurer of the local school committee for about fourteen years, and has always taken an active interest in every movement connected with the progress of the district. Mr Martin was married, in 1864, to a daughter of the late Mr John Parrell, maltster, Brentford, England, and has a family of four sons and four daughters. One of the sons was for a time Acting-Quartermaster-Sergeant in the Seventh Contingent, and took part in the Bothasberg engagement.
, Baker and Confectioner, Lumsden. Head office, Invercargill. The Lumsden branch of this business was opened in 1904, and is conducted in commodious premises in Diana Street. A general bakery and confectionery business is carried on, and goods are delivered by cart and rail to all parts of the district. The manager has one assistant.
, the Manager, was born in 1879, at Geelong, Victoria, where he served his time as a baker, and afterwards worked as a journeyman. He came to New Zealand in 1900, and engaged in general work for a year, before entering Mr Pope's bakery business at Invercargill. On the opening of the Lumsden branch in 1904, Mr Henry was sent to take charge. During his residence in Victoria, Mr Henry was an enthusiastic footballer. He is a member of the Acorn Lodge of Druids, Invercargill. Mr Henry was married, in March, 1904, to a daughter of Mr George Morris, dairyman, Invercargill.
, Coachbuilder, Farrier and General Blacksmith, Lumsden. Mr Fraser was born in 1850, in Inverness-shire, Scotland, and was educated at Errogie school, Stratherick. He was brought up as a coachbuilder at Gortherlick, and came out to New Zealand by the ship “Peter Denny,” in 1873. Mr Fraser settled at Switzers, where he worked at his trade till 1885, when he removed to Lumsden and established his present business. Mr Fraser's premises consist of a wood and iron building, with two forges, boring, screwing and other machinery; and all other classes of vehicles are constructed by him. He has made a special study of veterinary surgery, and keeps a large stock of horse and cattle medicines. Mr Fraser is a member of the Lumsden school committee, and of the committee of the Caledonian Society, and, as an Oddfellow, is connected with the Lumsden Lodge. He was married, in 1876, to a daughter of the late Mr Robert Ross, of Otama, and has six sons and four daughters. Mr Fraser's eldest son was for ten years in one of the Government offices in Wellington. His two eldest sons volunteered for service
, Coal Merchant and Carrier, near the railway station, Lumsden. Mr Riddell was born in 1875, in Roxburghshire, Scotland, and was educated at Boston Grammar School, Lincolnshire, England. He came to New Zealand in 1891, and served as a cadet at Burwood station, Southland, for five years. In 1896, he settled in Lumsden, and started business as a storekeeper, but afterwards relinquished that for his present business. Mr Riddell was president of the Lumsden Caledonian Society in 1904. As a Freemason, he is connected with the Lumsden Lodge, of which he was Worshipful Master in 1903 and 1904; and as an Oddfellow, he is a Past Grand of the Lumsden Lodge. Mr Riddell was married, in 1897, to a daughter of the late Mr George Bench, Mararoa, and has one son and two daughters.
(Joseph Michael Crosbie, proprietor), Lumsden. This well-known house was established in the early eighties. The original house was destroyed by fire, and was replaced by the present fine brick building. It is two stories in height, and contains twenty-seven rooms, including nineteen bed-rooms, four sitting-rooms, two dining-rooms, also a billiard-room and sample-room. The stables have twenty stalls and five loose-boxes. Mr Crosbie is a coach proprietor and runs two coaches from Lumsden to Lake Manapouri, via Te Anau. The coaches, which carry mails, leave Lumsden on Wednesdays and Saturdays in each week, and return on Fridays and Tuesdays. About thirty-five horses are required for the traffic, which is specially busy during the tourist season, from December to February each year.
, Hotel and Coach Proprietor, Lumsden, is the eldest son of the late Mr Joseph Nelson Croshie, who conducted the business for some years before his death in 1899. Mr Crosbie was born in 1878, in Invercargill, educated at Lumsden, and was brought up to his present business by his father. As an Oddfellow, he is a member of the Lumsden Lodge, Manchester Unity. Mr Crosbie was married, in May, 1902, to a daughter of Mr Dennis Maloney, of the Commercial Hotel, Lawrence, and has one son.
, Saddler and Harness Maker, Lumsden. Mr Payne was born in December, 1880, at Caroline, Southland, and was educated at Fernhills. He was brought up to the saddlery business at Centre Bush, and in 1902, he removed to Lumsden, where he set up in business for himself. Mr Payne's premises consist of a wood and iron building, containing shop and dwelling. He is a member of the Loyal Lumsden Lodge of Oddfellows, and of the Lumsden Racing Club.
(Thomas Reid and Arthur Harford Brook), Wool Scourers and Wool Classers, Lumsden. This firm was established in 1899. Its works occupy a site of five acres of leasehold land on the banks of the Lumsden Creek, and the buildings, which are of wood and iron, contain the usual plant and machinery required in the trade.
, Senior Partner of the firm of Reid and Brook, was born in 1858, in Lanarkshire, Scotland. In 1859, he was brought to New Zealand by his parents in the ship “Victory,” and was brought up to farming in the Tokomairiro district. He was afterwards employed in the wool business for five years by Mr Thomas Holt and Mr James Scanlan, now woolbrokers, of Milton, and settled at Lumsden in 1887. Mr Reid's residence stands on a freehold section of two acres and a-half, on a knoll overlooking the township. Mr Reid has served as a member of the Lumsden school committee, and is connected with the Loyal Lumsden Lodge of Oddfellows, in which he has passed all the chairs. He was married, on the 3rd of December, 1887, to a daughter of Mr Samuel Paddon, of Lumsden, and has two sons and four daughters.
, J.P., General Storekeeper, Lumsden. Bankers, Bank of New Zealand. Mr Johnson was born within the sound of Bow Bells in London, and was apprenticed to his father's trade as boiler-maker, but left before completing his apprenticeship. In 1874, he arrived at Port Chalmers by the ship “Buckinghamshire.” He spent a few months at the Roundhill goldfields, near Riverton, and was for eight years employed on the late Hon. Matthew Holmes' estate of Castlerock, as storekeeper. On leaving Castlerock, he was presented by his fellow employees with a hunting lever watch and gold chain, as a mark of esteem. After that, he followed the occupation of a wool-classer, and, later, worked and owned a threshing mill. Mr Johnson started in business in Lumsden in 1877, and now owns one of the finest stores in the
, General Storekeeper, Lumsden. This business was established in the seventies, and has been conducted by the present proprietor since 1894. The premises consist of a two-storey wood and iron building, containing a double-fronted shop, with a residence at the back, and a large general stock is kept. The proprietor is agent for the North British Insurance Company. Mr McFetridge was born in the north of Ireland, in 1854; was educated near Belfast, and was brought up on his father's farm. In 1875, he came out to New Zealand by the ship “Timaru,” and settled in Southland, where he engaged in contracting and cropping until he acquired his present business. As an Oddfellow, Mr McFetridge is connected with the Lumsden Lodge, of which he is a trustee; and he is also a Freemason. Mr McFetridge was appointed a Justice of the Peace in 1899. He was married, in 1886, to a daughter of Mr John Dagg, of Lumsden.
, Farmer, Oreti Island and Dane's Paddock, Waimea Plains, Lumspen. Mr. Small was born at the Bridge of Earn, Perthshire, Scotland, in 1850, and emigrated to New Zealand, in 1870, by the ship “E. P. Bouverie.” On arrival at Port Chalmers, he obtained employment with Mr. Joseph Culling, farmer, at Moeraki. He afterwards engaged in gold-digging at “Twelve Mile,” near Queenstown, where he remained for some years. Subsequently, he settled at Lumsden, where he engaged in dairy farming and contracting. Mr. Small purchased his present properties in 1892, and has since that time been successfully carrying on dairying and mixed farming on his six hundred acres of fine arable land. He uses an Alexandra cream-separator, with which he produces butter of the primest quality and for which he finds a demand as far as Skipper's diggings, in the Lake district. Mr. Small is a prominent member of the Independent Order of Oddfellows, Manchester Unity, and district lodge deputy of the Independent Order of Good Templars. He is also an elder in the Presbyterian church, and chairman of the Lumsden school committee. Mr. Small was married, in 1875, to Miss Alice Howorth, and has a family of fourteen children.
is the terminus of the Lumsden-Mossburn branch line, which leaves the Invercargill-Kingston railway at Lumsden. The station is sixty-one miles from Invercargill, and eleven miles from Lumsden, and stands at an elevation of 959 feet above the level of the sea. Mossburn settlement is in the Mararoa riding of the county of Wallace, and is on the boundary of the electoral districts of Wakatipu and Wallace. The township itself is in the Wallace electorate. The population, as recorded at the census of 1901, was 176. Mossburn is on the south bank of the Oreti river, and a road extends southward towards the settlement of Nightcaps. The village has an hotel, two stores, a blacksmith's shop and a school. The business of the post office and telephone bureau is conducted at the store of Mr J. F. Dyer, and there is a tri-weekly mail service.
was opened in 1887, and is a wooden building with accommodation for about forty children. The school grounds are five acres in extent, and contain an orchard and garden, and a teacher's residence with three rooms and a porch.
, Teacher-in-charge of the Mossburn public school, is the wife of Mr Josiah Alvey Wraytt, farmer, of Balfour and Garston. She was born at Bonar Bridge, Sutherlandshire, Scotland, her father, Mr George Munro, being a member of that branch of the Foulis family, which settled at Swordale, in Creich. Mr Munro came to New Zealand in 1857, and settled in the Clutha district, his family following in 1886, by the ship “William Davie.” Mrs Wraytt, who attended the Dunedin Training College for some time, holds an E3 certificate, and has had a lengthy experience as a teacher. She had charge of a private school for sixty-eight scholars in the Oamaru district for about two years; and the various public schools of which she has had charge, and her length of service in each are: Waiareka, two years; Teaneraki, two years; Alberton and Kingston, each two years; Garston, four years; Fernhill, five years, and Longridge North, three years. Mrs Wraytt took charge of Mossburn, in 1893, and is now assisted by her daughter, Miss Alice Wyratt. Her son, Mr George A. Wraytt, is fourth engineer on the “Star of Ireland,” and had previously served seven years in large engineering yards on the Clyde, Scotland.
, Blacksmith, Farrier, Wheelwright, and Storekeeper, Mossburn. Mr. Hughes was born in 1852 in Galway, Ireland, and was educated in that country. He is the seventh son of Mr. John Hughes, who was a farmer and blacksmith, and with whom he learned his trade. Early in the seventies he left Ireland for Auckland in the ship “Dilharree,” and worked at his trade for some years in various parts of New Zealand. He moved, in 1884, to Mossburn, where he has since carried on business.
, Storekeeper, Mossburn. Mr. Dyer is the second son of Mr. W. J. Dyer, of Milton, Otago. He was born in Sydney in 1857, arrived in New Zealand with his mother at a very early age and was educated at Tokomairiro (Milton), and afterwards was engaged as a storeman for a number of years. He commenced his business at Mossburn in 1882, and his connection now extends from Mossburn to Lakes Te Anau and Manapouri. Mr. Dyer acts as postmaster and telephone officer; he also engages in sheep farming, on a small leasehold run between Centre Hill and Mossburn, and keeps about 1500 crossbreds.
, Farmer, Murray Creek Farm, Mossburn. Mr Chartres' farm is opposite the Murray Creek siding, on the Mossburn line. It consists of 860 acres, on which he conducts mixed farming. Wheat, barley and oats are grown, but sheepfarming is the principal industry. Mr Chartres was born in Berwickshire, Scotland, in 1853, and brought up to farming. He came to New Zealand in 1875, engaged in general farm work for a couple of years, and then started contracting and waggoning, which he carried on until 1899. Murray Creek Farm was taken up by him in 1886, and he has since brought it into full cultivation. In 1879, he married a daughter of the late Mr McIntosh, of Glen Urquhart, Inverness-shire, and has three sons, who are engaged in agricultural and pastoral pursuits.
, Farmer, “Springfield,” Mossburn. Mr Roy was born in Banfishire, Scotland, in 1858, and was brought up to farm work. He came to Port Chalmers, in 1879, by the ship “Nelson,” and followed general farm work for about three years, but afterwards became a contractor. About 1887, he bought “Springfield,” which consists of 314 acres, and he subsequently added another freehold farm of 460 acres, situated about half a mile from his homestead. The first of these properties was in its natural state when taken up, the second in an advanced state of improvement, but practically all Mr Roy's land is now under cultivation. Mr Roy was married, in 1888, to a daughter of Mr Adam Gilchrist, farmer, Morayshire, Scotland.
is the name of a flag station on the Invercargill-Kingston line of railway, fifty-eight miles from Invercargill, and eight miles from Lumsden. It is the centre of a small farming and grazing district, and is bounded on one side by the well-known Five Rivers estate, and on the other by the run of Mr. W. B. Rogers. The land is high, and the railway station stands 907 feet above sea level. The district forms part of the Oreti riding of the county of Southland, and is in the electoral district of Wakatipu. Its population at the census of 1901 was twenty-two.
(W. B. Rogers, proprietor), Five Rivers. This sheep station comprises 5,800 acres of freehold, and 11,300 acres of leasehold, and carries from 5,000 to 6,000 sheep.
, Proprietor of Dome Station, is a son of the late Mr J. Rogers, of Glenquoich station, and was born at Glenquoich, Athol, in 1866. He was educated at Invercargill Grammar School, and at private schools in Christchurch and Dunedin. With the exception of one year spent in the North Island. Mr Rogers was employed on Glenquoich station, up to the time of his father's death, and managed it for twelve months. On leaving Glenquoich, he bought a portion of Glenure station, which he sold two years later to buy a farm at Wyndham. At the end of two years, he sold the farm and bought the Dome station in February, 1903. Mr Rogers is married to a daughter of Mr C. E. Gudgeon, of Queenstown, and has one son and one daughter.
flag station is the centre of an agricultural district, in which mining and flaxmilling are also carried on. The station, which is on the Invercargill-Kingston line of railway, stands at an altitude of 860 feet above sea level. It is sixty-six miles from Invercargill, and sixteen miles from Lumsden. Postal and telephonic business is conducted at the local hotel, and mails are received, and despatched, daily. The population of Parawa, at the census of 1901, was sixty, and the district is in the Wakatipu electorate, and in the Oreti riding of the county of Southland.
(I. W. Raymond and Co., Invercargill), Parawa. This mill is situated about a mile from Parawa railway siding, in a gorge of the Mataura. Cutting rights are held over 13,000 acres, and the flax supplies fibre of exceptionally good quality. The plant comprises an eight horsepower portable engine, a Pelton wheel of ten horse-power, and the latest stripping and scutching machinery. About twenty persons are employed.
, Engineer of the Parawa Flaxmilling Company's Flaxmill, was born in Dunedin in 1875, and educated at Waikaka. For one year he was in the Otago Paper Mills at Wood-haugh, and then followed general work for some time. Prior to starting work at the Parawa mill in 1903 he had been working for a considerable time on dredges in the Waikaka and Charlton districts, and was engineer on one dredge. Mr Burrowes was for some time in the Gore Rifles.
is a farming district, at the railway siding of the same name, on the Invercargill-Kingston line of railway. The station is sixty-nine miles from Invercargill, and stands 896 feet above the level of the sea. In 1901, Athol had a population of seventy-two. It forms part of the Wakatipu electorate, and is in the Oreti riding of the county of Southland. The Quoich and Eyre creeks join not far from the township. Athol district is progressive and well settled, and the Nokomai mining township is not far away. As a village, Athol contains a store, a saddler's shop, a railway goods shed, two boarding-houses, a public school, and a post office, where a mail is received, and despatched, each way, daily. The district has telephonic connection with the rest of the colony, and the instrument is at the residence of the local railway ganger.
, Ganger of No. 9 Section, Invercargill-Kingston line, has his residence at Athol, where he owns about twelve acres of township land. He was born at Evershot, Dorsetshire, England, in 1854, and brought up to general work. In 1872, he came to New Zealand by
the barque “Schiehallion,” and landed at Picton. Up to 1882—when he removed to Southland and entered the railway service—he was engaged in general labouring work. In 1886, he was appointed ganger at Athol, and has ever since been in the same position and district. Mr Stancombe has been several terms on the Athol school committee, and is at present a member of the Cemetery Trust. He is a Master Mason of Lodge Taringatura, No. 100, New Zealand Constitution.
, Athol. These two stations, with an aggregate of 2,033 acres of freehold, and about 70,000 acres of leasehold, are a portion of the estate of the late Mr J. Rogers, and are managed from Glenquoich. About 18,000 sheep are carried.
, Manager of the Glenquoich and Fairlight stations, was born in Ayrshire, Scotland, in 1866, and came to New Zealand with his parents, in 1873, by the ship “Invercargill,” which landed at Invercargill. He went to school at Invercargill, and afterwards started shepherding with the New Zealand Agricultural Company. After a long experience amongst sheep, he was appointed manager of Glenquoich and Fairlight stations in 1897.
, Hawthorn Farm, Athol. Mr Price holds 5,600 acres of freehold and 9,000 acres of leasehold, where he carries on sheep farming, and also does a fair amount of cropping. He was born in Breconshire, South Wales, England, in 1836, and was brought up to farming. In 1860, he arrived in Melbourne, and three years later came to New Zealand. Mr Price worked on the diggings for about two years, and afterwards followed station life for some time. He then bought ten acres at Athol—the nucleus of his present property—which he added to, acre by acre. Mr Price has served on the Athol school committee for sixteen years, and is also a member of the Athol Cemetery Trust. He was married, in 1867, to a daughter of the late Mr Alexander McDonald, farmer, Riverton, and has a family of four sons and four daughters.
, Farmer, Riverview Farm, Athol. Riverview Farm was originally a portion of the Glenquoich run, but was was taken up by Mr Soper in 1897, when it was practically in its wild native state. It has now been brought into cultivation and mixed farming is carried on, but chiefly grain growing. The area of the farm is 503 acres. Mr Soper is a member of a family very well known in the district, and was born at Nokomai in 1874. He was educated at Garston, and brought up there on his father's farm, where he worked until he took up “Riverview, in 1897. Mr Soper is a member of the Athol school committee. In February, 1895, he married a daughter of Mr John Gibson, farmer, Parawa, and has three sons and one daughter.
is between Garston and Athol, on the Invercargill-Kingston line of railway. It is the centre of a small district. The Mataura river runs through the settlement, but the valley at this point is very narrow. Nokomai mining township is a few miles away over the Nokomai saddle, and on the Nokomai creek. The railway station, which is 972 feet above the level of the sea, is seventy-three miles from Invercargill. It is part of the Kingston riding of the county of Lake, and its population at the census of 1901, was 105. Nokomai mining township is in the Waikaia riding of the county of Southland, and its population, at the same census, was 113.
, Meadowbank Farm, Nokomai Siding. “Meadowbank,” consists of 773 acres, 370 secured by selection, and the balance purchased; when taken up, it was in its natural state, but is now fully improved and grows good crops of wheat, oats and barley. Mr Naylor was born at Richmond, Melbourne, in 1859, and was educated in Melbourne and Dunedin, where his parents arrived in 1870. His father, who had been trained as manager of a woollen factory in the Old Country, started in the wool trade in Dunedin, whence he went to Lake Wakatipu, where his son Frederick assisted him, and remained in the trade until 1892. Mr Naylor then settled on his Nokomai Siding farm, which he had selected in 1876. Mr Naylor, who is a Justice of the Peace, takes a general interest in the progress of the district; he was for some time on the Garston school committee, and is secretary of the Athol Cemetery Trust, and secretary of the Anglican Church Committee. He was married, in 1892, to a daughter of the late Mr George Sinclair, of Maori Hill. Dunedin, and has a family of three sons and three daughters.
, Mine Manager, Nokomai. Mr Boyer was one of the party who bought the famous Golden Lion Mine at the Nokomai, in 1904, but he has since parted with his interest. He was born at Lutton, Lincolnshire, England, in 1846, and arrived in Victoria with his parents in 1852. Ten years later he came to New Zealand by the ship “St. Clair,” took part in Fox's “rush;” then he worked for a time on the Molyneux and afterwards led a bush life for two years. Mr Boyer went to the Nokomai diggings in 1865, and has been engaged mining in that district, on and off, ever since. He has a wide acquaintance with the various mining districts of Otago and Southland, and has prospected the country from the Nevis to the Clyde, and from the head of the Taieri to the Waikouaiti river. During his somewhat adventurous life, Mr Boyer has been at different times a sawmiller, hotelkeeper and butcher. He is married, and has a family of four daughters and two sons.
is a farming district in close communication with the mining centres of Nevis and Nokomai. The flag railway station is seventy-six miles from Invercargill, and eleven miles from Kingston, and stands at an elevation of 1,004 feet above sea level. The warm soil of the valley enables the settlers to grow very good cereal crops. At the local hotel there is good accommodation for tourists and travellers, and the proprietor also conducts a general store. There is also a blacksmith's shop in the village. Garston also has a public school, and a post office and telephone bureau, with daily mails to Lumsden and Queenstown, weekly mails to Invercargill, and, on four days in each week, to Dunedin. The local churches represent the Anglican and Roman Catholic denominations, and Presbyterian services are held in the school room by the minister at Lumsden. The Mataura river runs through the settlement of Garston, and the population at the census of 1901, was eighty-five. Garston forms part of the Wakatipu electorate, and is in the Kingston riding of the Lake county.
was established about 1882, and stands on five acres of land, on which there is also a five-roomed residence for the headmaster. The school building, which consists of one classroom, has accommodation for forty-five pupils, and the average attendance is about forty.
, Headmaster of the Garston Public School, is also Postmaster and Telephonist for the district. He was born at Ordley, Shropshire, England, in 1870, came to New Zealand with his parents in 1874, and was educated at Winton, and at the Dunedin Training College. He served his pupil-teachership at the Central School, Invercargill, gained an E1 certificate, and then obtained charge of the Quarry Hills school, where he remained about eighteen months. At the end of that time, Mr Lea left to take charge of the part-time schools at Eastern Bush and Feldwick, and was appointed to his present position in 1897. He takes an interest in cricket and football,
(Alexander McCaughan, proprietor) Garston. This hotel, which is within a stone's throw of the Garston railway siding, is a substantial wood, iron and stone building, containing nine rooms and a good sitting-room, exclusive of the rooms used by the proprietor's family. The hotel has been in existence for over twenty-five years, and the accommodation is good and the tariff moderate. Stables adjoin the hotel, and horses and traps can be hired at reasonable rates.
, the Proprietor, was born in 1860, at Ballycastle, County Antrim, Ireland, and was brought up on his father's farm. He came to New Zealand in 1883, and engaged in farm work, being employed for seven years on one farm. He then followed mining at Nenthorn, and later in the Wakatipu district, where he held a farm for a year. After a time spent in contracting, Mr McCaughan acquired the Garston Hotel in 1899, and is also proprietor of the local store. He is a member of the school committee, and also of the cemetery committee. Mr McCaughan was married, in 1896, to a daughter of Mr J. Shannassy, farmer, Limerick, Ireland, and has two sons.
Alexander McCaughan, proprietor), Garston. This store is within a short distance of the hotel, and a blacksmith's shop, which adjoins it, is let to Mr Theyer. Mr McCaughan has also two farms, of fifty acres and 150 acres, respectively, in the district, and has an interest in mining claims at Nokomai. He is further referred to as proprietor of the Garston Hotel.
, Farmer, “El-lenglaza,” Garston. This farm, which comprises 200 acres, was taken up by proprietor in 1876. It was then in its natural state, but it has since been brought under full cultivation, and is devoted to mixed farming. Mr Butson is further referred to as a member of the Lake County Council.
, Farmer, Garston. Mr Cunningham, who holds a 200-acre farm a short distance from Garston, is also the proprietor of a threshing and chaffcutting plant. He was one of the first selectors in the district, and took a prominent part in having the land thrown open for selection. Mr Cunningham was born in Glasgow, Scotland, in 1846, arrived at Melbourne with his parents in 1851, and came to New Zealand in 1875. He spent over a year on a station, and then rented a farm in the Wakatipu district for a time, before taking up his present farm at Garston. Mr Cunningham has been for many years a member of the local school committee. He was married, in 1864, but his wife died several years ago, leaving two sons and one daughter.
(John Rogers, proprietor), near Garston. This property was originally the old homestead of the late Captain Howell. It now has an area of 640 acres, and wool from the estate generally brings top prices at the Invercargill wool sales.
, J.P., the Proprietor, is a son of the late Mr Rogers, of Glenquoich estate, and was born in 1868 at Invercargill, and educated at the Boys' High School there. After leaving school, he spent some years on his father's station, and then entered the service of Mr A. Thomson, of Kakanui, when he was employed in connection with the purchase of stock. In 1897, Mr Rogers acquired the Fair-light estate, where he has since resided. He joined the Taringatura Lodge of Freemasons, at Lumsden, and is now affiliated to the Southern Cross Lodge, Invercargill. Mr Rogers was married, in 1894, to a daughter of Mr J. M. Price, farmer, Athol, and has one son and one daughter.
, Farmer, Garston. Mr Wryatt is the owner of Grasmere Farm of 360 acres, on which he resides at Garston, and another farm of 527 acres at Balfour. The latter is a sheep farm, but “Grasmere” is devoted to mixed farming. Mr Wraytt was born in Nottingham, England, in 1841, and came to Nelson with his parents, by the ship “Clifford,”
is situated at the south end of Lake Wakatipu, and is the terminus of the railway from Invercargill, eighty-seven miles distant. It lies at an elevation of 270 feet above the lake level, on a terrace or moraine, and is the starting point for the fine steamers that ply to Queenstown, Glenorchy, and Kinloch, a passage that commands very magnificent scenery, little altered from the primeval conditions of nature. Kingston has excellent hotel accommodation for travellers and tourists; it has a telegraph service, daily mail communication with Invercargill, and a money-order office and post office savings bank. Queenstown is twenty-five miles distant, and thence to the head of the lake, is thirty-three miles. The lake steamers are comfortable and well conducted, and good meals are served on board at two shillings per meal. The country in the neighbourhood of Kingston is both agricultural and pastoral in character, and the climate is healthy and bracing. The local railway station stands at an elevation of 1,023 feet above the level of the sea. The Kingston riding of the Lake county had a population of 312 at the census of 1901, and of that number, sixty-one resided in Kingston, and a similar number in the vicinity. Kingston is a portion of the electoral district of Wakatipu.
, Kingston. The building was erected in 1878, and comprises the usual public offices and waiting rooms. Adjacent to the station are residences for the stationmaster, guard, and engine driver. The district sends away wool, grain, and fruit; and there is a very considerable and increasing passenger traffic in the tourist season, when pleasure-seekers from all quarters are attracted by the marvellous scenery of the Lake country.
, Guard on the Kingston-Gore express train, was born in 1874, at Invercargill, and educated at the North and Central Schools there. He was employed at coach painting with the late Mr W. H. Matheson for four years, and then entered the railway service as a porter at Invercargill. For some time he served as a shunter, but was promoted to be guard in February, 1902, and, two years later, was transferred to Kingston, where he now resides. Mr Barlow is attached to the Shamrock, Rose and Thistle Lodge of Oddfellows, Manchester Unity, Invercargill, and was a member of the committee of the Railway Sick Benefit Society for two or three years. He was married, in 1899, to a daughter of Mr John O'Hara, of Toiro, and has one son.
, Engine Driver on the Kingston -Gore express, is stationed at Kingston. He
was born in Dunedin, in 1873, educated at the South School, Invercargill, and started to learn flourmilling, but entered the railway service in 1890 as a cleaner. In 1899 he obtained his second-class driver's certificate, and was appointed in 1902. Mr Atkinson is a member of the Invercargill Railway Library and Debating Society Committee, and is also a member of the committee of the Amalgamated Society of Railway Servants, Invercargill. He was at one time a member of the Pirates Football Club, Invercargill. In 1901, he was married to a daughter of Mr D. Warnock, farmer, Bay Road, Invercargill, and has one daughter. Mr Atkinson's father came to New Zealand in 1863, and saw some service in the Maori war. He had previously
, on the shores of Lake Wakatipu, Otago, is unquestionably one of the most interesting places in New Zealand. The town is pleasantly situated near the lake, and the climate is wonderfully pure and healthy; but it is its great scenery that constitutes its chief claim to attraction, for the Remarkables, on the south-east, 7,650 feet high, Double Cone—on the same range—7,688 feet, Mount Cecil 6,477 feet, and Walter Peak, 5,856 feet, to the south, and Ben Lomond 5,747 feet, to the north, are all more or less in the neighbourhood. It is, therefore, natural that tourists should visit the district in large numbers during the summer months. Winter, however, is recommended as the most suitable time for invalids with pulmonary troubles, as the rainfall is slight, and snow seldom lies on the ground for more than two consecutive days, whilst the days are usually bright and warm with sunshine. There are hard frosts at night, but the cold is dry and crisp, and skating on the ice is practicable as a pastime. There is a well-kept park, and there are many lovely walks in the neighbourhood. Trout abound in the lake, and smaller fish in the adjacent creeks. There are two schools in Queeenstown; the public school, with an average attendance of eighty-four and the Dominican Convent with a large attendance. The town, too, has a Stipendiary Magistrate and Warden, Clerk of Court, Police Office, Land and Survey Department, volunteer corps, Public Trust Agency, Deputy Official Assignee, four Justices of the Peace, Crown Prosecutor, Coroner, Lodge of Oddfellows, Masonic Lodge, a mining agent, auctioneer, two law firms, four good hotels, thirteen fire insurance companies, represented by agents, two large meeting halls, a bowling club, a boating club, a county Jockey Club, established in 1866, an acclimatisation society, a cricket club, a football club, a brass band under a good master, and a hospital at Frankton, four miles from Queenstown, under the control of trustees. There are several general stores, drapery and grocery establishments, watchmakers, fancy goods dealers, photographers, and blacksmiths. Queenstown has four churches—those of the Anglican, Presbyterian, Roman Catholic and Methodist bodies. The borough is the county town of Lake county, and the offices of the Council stand in Ballarat street. The settlement dates from the year 1863, when the Shotover “rush” attracted diggers from all parts of Australia and New Zealand. Beach Street, on the shore of the Lake, was the site of the canvas township, which then sprang up, and in those days it was an ordinary thing to see from 150 to 200 pack-horses on the scene, and so mixed in coming and going that fighting and kicking were common amongst them, and occasionally fully a thousand horses belonging to diggers were out at grass in the gorge near Queenstown. The communication at that time was by the lake from Queenstown to Kingston, and by road to Invercargill. Now, however, in addition to excellent communication by Government steamers and a private oil launch on the lake, there are splendid coach services with Pembroke twice a week, with Cromwell and Alexandra three times a week, and with Arrowton practically daily; and, of course, there is a daily service between Kingston and Invercargill and Dunedin, with the intermediate towns and districts.
. Queenstown was constituted a borough in 1866, and is subject to the Rating Acts of 1876 and 1894. There is an estimated area within the belt of 923 acres, with a population of 700, about 300 dwellings, 175 ratepayers, and 324 rateable properties. The capital value is about £95,000, and the annual rateable value £4,792. The value of property belonging to the borough is £4,365, and nearly £3,000 has been spent on street construction since 1889. There is a funded debt of £3,500 for waterworks purposes, towards which the borough has already £1,500 of accrued sinking fund. There is a general rate of one shilling in the £, a special rate of sixpence, and a water rate of sixpence in the £. The first town clerk was Mr H. Manders, whose successors have been. respectively, Messrs Richardson, J. T. Crofts, W. Donne, C. E. Boyes, and Mr F. W. F. Geisow, who was appointed in June, 1892, died in 1903, and was succeeded by the present holder of the office, Mr Cyril Edwin Gudgeon. The borough of Queenstown is divided into three wards: Lake Ward, which has seventy rateable properties; North Ward, 131; and South Ward, 123; total, 324, including borough and Crown lands. Members of the Council in 1904–5: Mr L. A. Hotop (Mayor), and Messrs M. J. Gavin, F. St. Omer, E. Monson, P. McCarthy, C. D. Dagg, L. J. Lynch, J. A Gardner, J. Edgar and F. McBride, councillors. The Borough Council controls the Athenaeum Public Library, which is domiciled in a good building adjoining the courthouse, with a free reading room.
, J.P., was born at Saalfeld, Thuringen, Germany, where he also received his education at the Public Gymnasium or High School, and went to sea for about four years He came to Queenstown in 1867, entered the service of
is the eldest son of Mr. John Dagg, farmer, of Lumsden, and was born at Sidwood, North Tyne, England, in 1856. After receiving his education at various schools in England and Scotland, Mr. Dagg sailed from London by the ship “Peter Denny” for the Bluff in 1874, and commenced life in his adopted home by taking a situation with Mr. James Dawkins, butcher, Cromwell, in whose service he remained for several years. About 1883, he became manager for Mr. E. Jenkins, storekeeper, Arrowtown, and afterwards worked for Mr. W. T. Smith, of Macetown. Mr. Dagg is a member of the local jockey and athletic clubs, and also belongs to the Masonic lodge, Lake of Ophir, No. 85, N.Z.C.
, J.P., Town Clerk of Queenstown, was born in London on the 10th of April, 1848—the day of the great Chartist demonstration—and is the second surviving son of the late Lieutenant Thomas Wayth Gudgeon, author of “Heroes of New Zealand.” He arrived in New Plymouth with his parents in 1850 by the ship “Berkshire,” and resided at Bell Block two years, and at Omata for some five years, until the outbreak of the Maori war, when the family removed to Wanganui. Mr. Gudgeon was educated at the Wanganui district school, and was clerk to Captain Finnamore for two years. He joined the Wanganui branch of the Bank of New Zealand, in 1864, and was transferred thence to the Hokitika branch as gold-buyer. His next appointment was as acting-agent at Macrae's Flat, Otago, in 1868, and then as accountant at Naseby. In 1872 he opened the Bank's agency at Cromwell, where he remained for two years, when he accepted the post of manager of the branch of the Colonial Bank in that town, and subsequently at Queenstown. On the amalgamation with the Bank of New Zealand, he remained at the latter branch as manager under the altered constitution. It was during his 1876 management, and by his acuteness that the notorious Chinese swindlers were detected attempting to sell spurious gold through the Colonial Bank's gold buyers. On assaying the mixed parcel brought to the bank, part of it was found to be only worth 5s per ounce. This detection completely broke up a gang found to have been in existence in Otago for over two years. The directors of the Colonial Bank forwarded Mr. Gudgeon a letter recognising his valuable services on that occasion. He was made a Justice of the Peace in 1889, and was lieutenant of the Cromwell Rifles for ten years. Mr. Gudgeon is a member of the M.U.I.O.O.F., and a P.G. of Lake Wakatipu Lodge. He was married, in 1875, to a daughter of Mr. A. Murray, of Sandridge, Melbourne, and has five children. Mr. Gudgeon, with many other old colonial officers, was compelled to retire from the service of the Bank of New Zealand, under its staff retrenchment scheme, in March, 1899, and became an auctioneer, mining and commission agent, and also agent for the Public Trustee at Queenstown. He is, however, now (1905) Town Clerk of that borough.
, who represented South Ward in the Borough Council of Queenstown for five years, was an old resident of the district as well as a very old colonist, as he arrived in Melbourne in December, 1856. Mr. Boyne was born in Falkirk, Scotland, on the 5th of January, 1837, and was educated in Alva and Edinburgh. At the age of nineteen years, he emigrated to Victoria by the ship “Marco Polo,” Captain Clark. On his arrival in that Colony he worked at the Ovens goldfield, and shortly afterwards was employed on a Government railway survey for nearly two years. He then engaged in mining successively at Forest Creek, Castlemaine, Ballarat, and the Deep Leads, Scarsdale. In 1861 he left for Otago, and followed the “rushes” at Gabriel's Gully and Dunstan until the following year, when he settled in Queenstown, then called “Canvas Town.” The population numbered 20,000, principally engaged in gold digging, at which Mr. Boyne occupied himself as well as in store-keeping. He started in business as an ironmonger and timber merchant in 1871, and built up a very large trade in the district. Mr. Boyne was treasurer of the Loyal Lake Wakatipu Lodge of Oddfellows, Manchester Unity, for many years. He was married, in 1869, to Miss Dawson, who died, and he was again married in 1897 to Caroline, third daughter of the late Mr. John Stait, builder, of Dunedin. Since Mr. Boyne's death, on the 17th of May, 1901, the business has been conducted by his widow.
, formerly manager of the Lake Wakatipu Steamship Company, was born at the Bay of Islands in 1844, and is the eldest surviving son of
the late Captain Thomas Wing, the well-known harbourmaster, whose death occurred on the 9th of August, 1888. Mr. Wing accompanied his parents in his father's ship “Deborah” on several voyages to different parts of the world before the family settled in Auckland. He was educated partly at the Grammar School, Melbourne, and partly at Wesley College, Auckland, followed a seafaring life for twenty years, and received a master marriner's certificate. Captain Wing removed to Queenstown with his wife and family in 1884, and when the steam.
has jurisdiction over an area of 3,712 square miles, in Central Otago. The district is divided into seven ridings; namely Queenstown, Kingston, Shot-over, Matukituki, Greenstone, Cardrona and Arrow. In 1904, the total capital value of the county was £237,166, on which a general rate of 1 1/4d in the pound was levied, besides a special rate for Skipper's bridge, of one-eighth of a penny. The unimproved value of the county was £141,245; the unoccupied Crown and native lands were valued at £27,534, and the mining properties of the district at £67,612. The total annual revenue from rates on mining and ordinary property was £1,492, and on special rates, 149. The Skipper's bridge is the second highest bridge in New Zealand, and some wonderfully romantic scenery is within view of it. At the head of the lake are the far-famed Lennox Falls, Paradise, and the Rees Valley, and other numerous places visited by tourists at cheap rates during the summer months. The Lake Council is arranging to construct a new bridge over the lower Shotover River. The members of the Council in 1904 were Messrs W. Reid (chairman), J. Cockburn, J. J. McBride, W. McKibbin, R. McDougall, H. Birley, A. Lambie, S. Butson, and P. Reid; and the officers: Mr H. O. Harte, County Clerk and Treasurer, and Mr C. C. Ware, C. E., Engineer. The offices are at Queenstown, on Lake Wakatipu.
, who was elected a member of the Lake County Council, in 1900, carries on farming in the Garston district. He was born in 1832 at Cubert, Cornwall, England, where he was educated and brought up on his father's farm. Mr Butson was married on the 8th of May, 1853, at the parish church, Cubert, to Miss Soper, daughter of William Soper, of the same parish. The young couple sailed from Southampton on the 10th of July of the same year in the ship “Ellenborough,” and landed in Sydney on the 12th of October. Mr Butson spent five years in New South Wales, and then, accompanied by his wife and family, went overland to Victoria, with a dray; and the journey took six weeks to accomplish. He did general carting work for five years on the diggings in Victoria. In March, 1863, he left Melbourne for Invercargill, and started carting to the diggings at Switzers and other places; he also for about fifteen months, kept a store at Greenhills, where he still owns property. He was afterwards engaged in mining at the Nokomai for twelve years, before taking up his present property at Garston. Mr Butson has been a member of the Garston school committee for many years, and during his residence at Nokomai was also on the committee there. In addition to his farm at Garston, he also owns a property of 500 acres at Parawa. Mr Butson has a family of five sons and three daughters, all of whom reside within the Garston and Parawa districts.
, J.P., who represents the Cardrona riding in the Lake County Council, is a native of Glasgow, Scotland, where he was born in 1829. He went to the United States of America when nineteen years of age, but returned to Britain in 1851. In 1853 he arrived in Melbourne by the ship “Champion of the Seas” and engaged in gold-mining in various parts of Australia. In August, 1861, he joined the “rushes” to Gabriel's Gully and Wetherstones, and met with moderate success. After re-visiting his native land in 1862, he returned to the Otago goldfields, and was successively at the Dunstan, Lakes, and Fox's Find at Macetown, where he set up for the first time as a storekeeper. Mr. McDougall subsequently tried South America, and the Australian colonies, but soon returned to Otago, and established himself in business at Arrow-town and Cardrona in 1871, and eventually at Pembroke. He is one of the first elected members of Lake County Council, was made a Justice of the Peace in 1878, is chairman of the Wanaka Domain Board, and Registrar of Births, Deaths, and Marriages. Mr. McDougall was married, in 1862, to a daughter of Mr. George Paterson, of Carmyle, near Glasgow, and has nine children.
, Member for Arrow riding in the Lake County Council, is a farmer on Crown Terrace, Arrow. He was born at Down-patrick, County Down, Ireland, in 1855, and brought up on his father's farm. In 1871, he arrived at Port Chalmers by the “Ajmeer,” and left almost at once for the Cardrona diggings. After a short time spent in packing to the diggings, he went to the Port Derwent “rush,” and, during a year spent in Australia, saw a good deal of the island continent. On his return to New Zealand, he went quartz mining at Shotover. In 1879, he took up his farm of “Royal Burn,” on the Crown Terrace. The land was then in its natural state, but is now highly improved. Since 1899, Mr McKibbin has been a member of the Lake County Council, and has been chairman of the Crown Terrace school committee since its inception. He has also been a member of the Arrow Hospital Trustees for many years, and a member of St. Paul's Anglican church committee since he settled in Arrow.
, who represents Queenstown riding on the Lake County Council, is a son of Mr F. McBride, of Frankton, and was born in 1866, at Queens-town, and educated at the Lower Shotover, and in Dunedin. He was brought up to farming, and about 1898 he and his brothers took up Earnslaw station of 3000 acres of freehold, and 40,000 acres of leasehold. Mr McBride has also an interest in other land in the Queenstown district. Before taking up “Earnslaw” he was storekeeping in Queenstown for about nine years, and during that time he was for three years a member of the Queenstown Borough Council. Mr McBride is a steward of the Arrow Racing Club, and was also a steward of the Queenstown Racing Club for thirteen years. He is senior lieutenant of the Wakatipu Mounted Rifles, and a member of the committee of the local Caledonian Society, and was for some time captain of the Queenstown Football Club. Mr McBride has won many cups and prizes for sprint running.
, County Clerk, Returning Officer, and Treasurer for the Lake County Council, and treasurer for the Wakatipu Licensing district, was born in 1861, at High Wycombe, England, and came to Lyttelton, with his parents, by the ship “Dagmar,” in 1870. He was educated at Christ's College Grammar School, Christchurch, and entered the Government service in 1876. He was in the Land and Survey Department in Christchurch for about thirteen years, and was for three years in the same department at Invercargill, having qualified as assistant surveyor. Mr Harte left the Government service to take up a position as clerk in the Borough Council office at Invercargill, and in April, 1903, he was appointed to his present position at Queenstown. Mr Harte was married, in October, 1903, to a daughter of Mr J. Barnett, sheepfarmer, “Deep Spring,” Leeston, Canterbury.
is known as the F Company of No. 3 Battalion, Otago Rifle Volunteers, and dates from the 10th of September, 1900. It has a present strength of forty-eight members, and the officers are: Captain E. C. W. Porter, Lieutenants J. A. Reid, and A. H. Hiddlestone, and Chaplain-captain, the Rev. R. T. Mathews, B.A.
, who has been in charge of the Queenstown Rifle Volunteers since the establishment of the corps, was born in 1856, at Wanganui. He is the eldest son of the late Mr David Porter, of Wellington, who was a passenger in the ship “Cressy,” to Lyttelton, one of the first four ships that brought the Canterbury Pilgrims to New Zealand in December, 1850.
, formerly Inspector of Stock for the Queenstown District, was born at Herbert, North Otago, in 1872, educated at the Otepopo school, and was for several years connected with the dairy industry. Mr. Budge was appointed rabbit agent at Naseby in 1895, and later on became inspector of stock for the Queenstown district. He now (1905) occupies a similar position at Stratford, in the provincial district of Taranaki.
is delightfully situated four miles from Queenstown, near the outlet of Lake Wakatipu into the river Kawarau. The vista from the hospital grounds embraces mountains and lake scenery of wonderful variety and beauty. The first hospital, which was erected in 1863 by the Otago Provincial Government, contained two wards with accommodation for twenty-four patients. The old building was destroyed by fire in 1894, and the present was erected in its place. It contains two wards, with accommodation for ten male and six female patients, besides two small private wards, and a fever ward with beds for three male and two female patients. The ventilation and heating of the wards are excellently arranged, and there is a good light throughout. The dispensary is specially fitted up as an oper-ating-room and is fully equipped for its purposes. The hospital Is supported by subscriptions, grants In aid, and contributions from local bodies, and is managed by a Board of Trustees. Adjoining the hospital is a comfortable residence for the medical officer. Dr. James Douglas is resident surgeon, and Mrs R. Judge, matron.
, J.P., L F.P.S., Glasgow, Medical Superintendent of the Wakatipu District Hospital, was born in Hull, England, in 1837, and is the eldest son of Mr. John Douglas, of Lesmahagow, Lanarkshire, Scotland. He was educated at Glasgow University, where he took his degree. Dr. Douglas arrived at Port Chalmers by the ship “Grasmere,” and commenced practice at Arrowtown; but, in 1864, was appointed to his present position. During his long residence in the district he has taken a prominent part in local affairs. He is an ex-member of the Lake County Council, president of the district Jockey Club since 1868; was honorary surgeon of the G Battery of Artillery (Queenstown), and is a past master of Lodge Lake of Ophir, E.C., 85, New Zealand Constitution.
was established in the early days. It includes the districts of Frankton, Arthur's point, Miller's Flat and Glen-orchy, which are visited periodically by the minister-in-charge. The church at Queenstown is named St. Andrews, and stands on a corner section in Ballarat Street. It is a wooden building, and has accommodation for 150 worshippers. Services are held morning and evening on Sundays, and there is a Sunday school, with sixty scholars and eight teachers.
, who has been in charge of the Queenstown parish since 1902, was born in 1865,
includes the districts of Cardrona, Garston, Nokomai, Gibbston, Glenorchy, Skippers, and Macetown. The church at Queenstown is known as St. Joseph's, and is built of stone with a slate roof. It occupies a splendid site of an acre and a-half, and has room for 400 worshippers. The convent and presbytery adjoin St. Joseph's. The foundation stone of the church was laid on the first Sunday in October, 1897, by the Most Reverend Bishop Verdon, assisted by the Rev. Father O'Donnell, pastor-in-charge, in the presence of a large concourse of people; and the church was completed and opened for public worship on the 28th of May, 1898, when it was blessed by the bishop, and the inaugural sermon was preached by the Very Rev. Dean Burke, of Southland.
, Pastor-in-charge of the Queenstown-Arrow Roman Catholic parish, was born in 1852, in County Limerick, Ireland. He was educated at Mount Melleray Seminary, conducted by the Trappist Fathers, and at All Hallows College, Dublin studying Classics at Mount Melleray and Philosophy and Theology at All Hallows. Father O'Donnell was ordained priest in 1889 at All Hallows College, and came out to Dunedin with the late Bishop Moran in October, of the same year. He became curate at Milton, in November, 1889, and continued till June, 1893. Father O'Donnell then became missioner in charge at Palmerston South till October, 1896, when he was stationed at Queenstown.
, which is published every Friday evening at Queenstown, is an eight-page paper. It was established in 1863, and in 1865 was taken over by Mr W. Warren, who conducted it until his death, in January, 1900. It is now owned by his widow. Since its establishment, the “Mail” has been conservative in its politics.
, Manager and Editor, is a son of the late Mr W. Warren. He was born in Queenstown in 1874, and has spent a considerable portion of his time in connection with the paper, of which he took full charge at the death of his father. Mr Warren takes a keen interest in the general progress of the district, and is closely identified with its social affairs.
is a handsome and substantial stone edifice situated above the post office, and contains courthouse, magistrate's office, witnesses'-room, clerk's office, and public room. A district court is held here at regular intervals by Judge Haselden. Mr. Frederick Joseph Burgess is Stipendiary Magistrate and Warden.
, Clerk of the District Court, Stipendiary Magistrate's Court, and Warden's Court at Queenstown, was born in Invercargill, and is the son of Mr Alexander Mair, an old and respected colonist of Southland. Mr Mair joined the Department of Justice as a cadet, in 1885. Subsequently he was appointed, successively, to the Wellington, Timaru, and Wanganui Magistrate's Courts, and in September, 1896, was promoted to the position of Clerk of Court at Riverton. He was appointed Second Clerk at Christ-church in May, 1898, and then Clerk of the District Court and Magistrate's Court at Hokitika, whence he was transferred to his present position at Queenstown.
. The present handsome premises were erected in 1872, and contain a commodious banking-hall, gold office, and manager's room, together with an attached residence of eight comfortable rooms. In the early days of the goldfield, when Queenstown was not inappropriately called “Canvastown,” the bank's business was conducted in a tent near the site of Eichardt's Hotel. Since that period
has been manager of the Bank of New Zealand at Queenstown since the 11th of March, 1899.
, Photographer, Beach Street, Queenstown. Mr Hart has a large number of splendid negatives of the most attractive scenery in Southland, the cold Lakes district, Sutherland Falls, and the Sounds. He was the first photographer to take a photograph of the Sutherland Falls, and did so in the year 1883, five years before any other photographer saw them. Mr Hart personally reported the genuineness of the discovery to Mr McKerrow, the Surveyor General, at Wellington, in the beginning of May of that year, and afterwards supplied the Government with photographs of the falls and scenery on the way from Milford Sound. Again, in 1888, at the request of Mr C. W. Adams, Chief Surveyor for Otago, Mr Hart gave information regarding the country he had visited before any track had been constructed by the Government. It was Mr Hart who named the Sutherland Falls after Mr D. Sutherland, the explorer; who, in turn, named Mount Hart, where the river takes its rise, after Mr Hart. Both of these names were subsequently confirmed by the Survey Department. Mr Hart also supplied the late Mr Quinton McKin-non with photographs of the mountains in the vicinity of the Sutherland Falls, and they must have assisted in the discovery of the pass from the Clinton Valley. As long ago as 1879, Mr Hart was awarded a medal and certificate at Sydney Exhibition; and in 1881 he gained the first degree of merit at Dunedin-also at In-vercargill, in the same year-and at Christchurch, in 1882, for exhibits of photographs.
(Mrs C. M. Firth, proprietress), Upper Ballarat Street, Queenstown. This residence was opened as a private boardinghouse in 1901. It stands on part of a section of four acres of land, which is beautifully laid out in plantations, gardens, and paddocks. There are some remarkable trees on the property. The building is of wood and plaster; it contains fifteen rooms, and may fairly be said to supply accommodation of the first order in Queenstown. The rooms are large and lofty, and well ventilated, and remarkably fine views of the lake can be obtained from many of the windows. There are verandahs at the front and north end of the building, and there is a well-furnished drawing-room, and a very fine dining-room, which will seat fully twenty guests, of whom from twenty-five to thirty can be accommodated at Hulbert House. Hot and cold water is laid on to the bathroom, where both plunge and shower baths can be obtained by guests. Mrs Firth is very attentive to the requirements of her visitors.
(Mrs Mary B. Boyes), Frankton Road, Queenstown. This establishment dates from 1894. The residence, which stands on an acre of land, is built of wood and iron, one storey in height, and contains twelve rooms, of which eight are bed rooms. There is a comfortable sitting-room, which will seat twelve adults. Pretty grounds, which are well planted with shelter and ornamental trees, surround the house, from which visitors obtain an excellent view of the magnificent scenery of the district. The bath-room is supplied with hot and cold water.
(Jane McBride, proprietress). This is one of the leading and one of the best patronised hotels in Queenstown. The hostess is a very old resident, and popularises her house by her efforts to thoroughly supply the wants and comfort of her guests. The hotel has excellent accommodation, and is very well furnished. There are twenty-six bedrooms, five sitting rooms, and two bath-rooms with hot and cold water connections. From the neat, well laid-out garden, visitors enjoy a magnificent view of the serrated mountain range, “The Remarkables.” Mr. C. D. Dagg's livery stables are close to the hotel.
, Ironmonger and Timber Merchant, Queenstown. This business is conducted by the widow of the late Mr Alexander Boyne, by whom it was established in the year 1871.
, Livery Stables, Queenstown. Bankers, Bank of New Zealand. This business was acquired by the proprietor in 1893, and has gained a large and successful connection in the Lakes district. Mr. Dagg possesses a splendid stable of carriage and harness horses, and a fine plant of vehicles, including four-horse drags, buggies, sulkies, etc., with experienced drivers. Visitors to Queenstown can safely rely upon obtaining well-appointed turnouts, combined with civility, intelligence, and moderate charges. Mr. Dagg is further referred to as a member of the Queenstown Borough Council.
at Queenstown is the property of Mrs Caroline Boyne, and is situated on the edge of the Lake. There is a complete plant driven by water power.
, who has been Manager of the Wakatipu Woodware Factory since 1902, is the son of an old resident of Queenstown. He was born in 1884, at Queenstown, and was brought up to carpentering. Mr Luckie is a member of the Queenstown Rifles, secretary of the Queenstown Football Club, and a member of the Cricket Club, and he was formerly a member of the Queenstown Brass Band.
was born at Market Drayton, Shropshire, England, in 1842, and educated in his native town. He came to New Zealand in 1862, joined the Government service in 1878, and afterwards held various appointments.
Is an old settler, who has been associated with the Wakatipu district since the early sixties. He was born on the 18th of March, 1827, in Cornwall, England, where he went to school for a short time. At the age of nine he commenced work on a farm, and found employment in country pursuits for eight years, after which he had three years' experience in mining. Mr Hicks left Plymouth, England, in 1849, by the ship “David Malcolm,” for Adelaide, and continued in that city till the 19th of January, 1850. He was then attracted to the gold diggings in California, and was in San Francisco till August, 1852, when he returned to Sydney. In New South Wales he followed mining at the Turon, and also in Victoria at the Ovens and McIver diggings, till 1853, when he went to Melbourne. He then had three years' experience in gold mining, at Ballarat, which he left “dead broke,” having lost all in deep smking. Mr Hicks then found employment in bush work till 1860, and afterwards had further experience in Adelaide. In February, 1862, Mr Hicks arrived in Port Chalmers, and had various experiences of gold mining at Wetherstones, Dun-stan, Nokomai, Nevis, and Alexandra. He was successful in his operations, and removed to Arrow in December, 1862. In February, 1863, Mr Hicks settled in Queenstown, and went into the sawmilling business at the head of the Lake, at Kinloch, with six partners, under the style of J. W. Robertson and Co. They started this mill in August, 1863, and timber at that time was worth £5 per hundred feet in Queenstown; but when they were thoroughly ready to supply the market the company sold at thirty shillings per hundred. He carried on a successful business till January, 1883, when he sold out and retired to his pretty residence on the banks of Lake Wakatipu. Mr Hicks was married, in 1870, to a daughter of Mr Alexander McBride. of Lake Hayes. Mrs Hicks died in 1901.
Is one of the old surviving settlers of the early days of the Shotover “rush,” and has, from the first, been prominently connected with the industrial progress and local government of the district. He was born in 1838, in Germany, and after leaving school was brought up to the drapery business. Mr Wenkheim landed in Auckland in 1859, by the ship “Rob Roy,” 380 tons, and about a year later removed to Southland. On the outbreak of the gold diggings in 1861, he went to Waitahuna, and commenced storekeeping, having brought goods with him from Auckland; and to have these taken to Waitahuna he paid £30 per ton freight. At the time of the Dunstan “rush,” he went there with bullock teams and pack horses loaded with goods, but afterwards returned to Waitahuna. About 1862, when cartage was £60 a
ton, Mr Wenkheim came with goods to Kingston and Lake Wakatipu, and opened a general store, and afterwards added a branch at the Nevis. He was one of the first to cross the saddle before the Remarkable Range with pack horses. After being for some time at Kingston; he removed his store to the Nokomai, where he was burnt out, flooded out, and blown out. He courageously started again, but afterwards opened a store at Skippers, and also commenced business in Queenstown, where, in the early days of the settlement, he opened a drapery store. Mr Wenkheim succeeded fairly well, and carried on this
has been plying on Lake Wakatipu since 1879. She was originally the property of the Lake Wakatipu Steam Shipping Company, but was, with the other vessels of the fleet, taken over by the Government not long ago. The steamer makes daily trips, to and from Kingston, in the season. She is a favourite boat, and has comfortable accommodation, both on deck and in the saloon, for tourists. Her engine power is sixty-six horse, and her speed two knots; and she has accommodation for 262 passengers.
, who has been in charge of the “Mountaineer” since 1896, was born in Queenstown in 1870. He was educated in his native place, and gained his experience of navigation on the Lake, under the old company, whose service he entered in 1885. After four years in the office, he became a deckhand in 1899. His captain's certificate is dated 1891, and he acted for several years as relieving captain before he was appointed to the position of master of the “Mountaineer.”
, who has held a captain's certificate since May, 1904, is the first mate on the s.s. “Mountaineer,” the finest vessel of the small fleet of Government steamers trading on Lake Wakatipu. Mr McDowall was born at Port Moly-neaux, in 1872. He attended school at St. Leonards, Ravensbourne, Dune-din, and South Dunedin. At the age of fifteen he went to sea out of Dunedin, on coastal steamers, and after six months, commenced to get general experience in mercantile life. In April, 1893, Captain McDowall settled in Queenstown, and commenced working on local steamers in 1896. He was appointed mate on the s.s. “Mountaineer” in 1891, and has on occasions acted as relieving captain on the s.s. “Antrim.”
, who has been Chief Engineer of the s.s. “Mountaineer” since 1901, was born at Workington, Cumberlandshire, England, in 1860. He was educated in his native place, and apprenticed as an engine-fitter in the West Cumberlandshire Iron and Steel Works. Subsequently he had two years' experience on coastal steamers, but then returned to Workington, and was for five years in his old shop. Mr Duston came to Port Chalmers, in 1884, by the s.s. “Ionic.” He started in the Government workshops at Hillside, and was for two years afterwards on the Union ion Company's steamer “Hawea.” At a later period, he was engaged in driving piles on the breakwater at Otago Heads, where he worked twelve months. He left his employment to work at Arrow, where he was employed on the Last Chance claim. Mr Duston has resided in Queenstown since 1888. He commenced work on the steamer “Ben Lomond,” under Captain Wing, and continued as engineer on that vessel till his appointment to the “Mountaineer.” Mr Duston has been connected with the Methodist church, and holds office as a steward. He was married, in 1888, to a daughter of the late Mr Hugh Mc-Kenzie, of Comrie, Perthshire, Scotland, and has six sons and two daughters.
, Providor of the steamers “Mountaineer,” “Ben Lomond,” and “Antrim,” has occupied his present position since 1901. He was born in Queenstown, in 1869, and educated and brought up to storekeeping in his native place. For about twelve years Mr Gardiner was in business, and was then a photographer for two years. Mr Gardiner has a small poultry farm at his residence in
at Bullendale was the scene of the first discovery of auriferous quartz, in the Wakatipu district, in 1862. The prospectors, whose names are now nearly forgotten, were Messrs Olsen, Southberg and Murdock. Mr Murdock's name is, however, perpetuated in the designation of Murdock's Creek, a branch of the Skippers, where the first considerable quartz mining works in Otago were started. Precipitous cliffs and gullies prevail in the neighbourhood of Bullendale, and the miners had to find their way as best they could, by means of the footprints of men and horses. An especially dreaded zig - zag at Deep Creek had to be negotiated at the risk of neck and limb. A battery was essential, and the first one had wooden shanks, shod with plate iron, and was constructed principally of wood. This crude machine did excellent work, and was in use until 1869, when Messrs Bullen Brothers, after whom the locality is named Bullendale, appeared on the scene. The capital they brought soon worked a transformation, and the old Skipper's Bridge was built. A great deal of mining was done, and a belt of stone running east and west was discovered. The property now known as the Achilles Gold Mine includes about 200 acres of quartz-bearing ground, and such claims as the Otago or Scandinavian and the British North American mines. The site is in Murdock's Gully, one of the head branches of Skipper's Creek, at the south eastern slope of Mount Aurum. The plant, which must have cost from £40,000 to £50,000, and which includes ponderous pieces of machinery, has been transported to, and erected on, the claim. It includes a fine battery of thirty stampers of heavy weight, together with the usual blanket, tables, and boxes. The plant is covered by an iron building, which includes an engineer's department and a blacksmith's shop. There are also two complete electric plants, and two Pelton wheels, with a hauling and pumping capacity to the depth of 2,000 feet. The underground works include seven different levels, the deepest of which, No. 7, has been continued to a distance of 528 feet. Steel tramways, to a length of about 1,400 feet, have been constructed, and immense sums of money have been spent in the development of the mine. Three reefs have been developed. The quartz is not of a high grade, but it shows an average of over half an ounce to the ton, and ample water power is available; five races, including forty-seven Government heads of water are (1905)) being brought into the mine, and it is hoped that under the management of the new company, which has recently acquired the property, a substantial reward awaits the new owners. Many of the facts contained in this sketch are taken from the Lake Wakatipu Mail, of the 31st of May, 1901.
lies at the head of Lake Wakatipu, thirty-three miles from Queenstown, fifty-two miles from Kingstom, 229 north-west of Dunedin, and 134 miles from Inver-cargill. It has communication three times a week with Queenstown, by means of the Government steamers, and continuously by means of a road; distance, thirty-eight miles. Glenorchy is a convenient starting-point for excursions to many places of interest. The sheelite mines on Mount Judah, only four miles away, are reached by horse and buggy. Diamond Lake and Paradise Flat are fourteen miles distant by way of the Rees Gorge and river, and can be reached by vehicles. Then there are the magnificent Mount Earnslaw
at Glenorchy is subordinate to the Chief Postmaster, Invercargill, whence mails are despatched to Glenorchy on Wednesday and Saturday at 10.45 a.m., arriving at 2 p.m. on Monday and 2.30 p.m. on Thursday; and are despatched from the post town for Invercargill at 3.30 p.m. on Monday and 3 p.m. on Thursday. Mr Harry Birley is postmaster.
, Glenorchy, Lake Wakatipu. This well-known and extensively patronised hotel is situated at the head of Lake Wakatipu. Tourists visiting Queenstown cannot fully realise the beauty and grandeur of the lake scenery without visiting Glenorchy. The view from the balcony of the hotel includes such mountain giants as Mounts Earnslaw and Bonpland, Kosmos Peak and Forbes Peaks, whose snow-clad slopes and summits rise against the clear sky in silent grandeur, and fill the beholder with awe, reverence, and delight. Special arrangements can be made for rowing parties on the lake, or excursions to Paradise Valley, and the rivers Rees and Dart, as well as to Lake Harris and the West Coast Sounds.
, Proprietor of Mount Earnslaw Hotel, Glenorchy, is a native of Yorkshire, England, where he was born in 1828. He has visited many American and Colonial goldfields and his recitals of Californian, Australian, and New Zealand mining experiences are highly entertaining. Mr. Birley left England for California in 1849, went to Victoria in 1852, came to Otago in 1863 and engaged in mining at the head of Lake Wakatipu, which is now known as Glenorchy. He was very successful at the Buckler Burn river, where he had one of the best claims in the district. Mr. Birley alleges he was the first to introduce hydraulic sluicing in Otago. He was married in 1866 to Sarah Ann, daughter of Mr. John Plummer, of Norfolk, and has three children, one of whom is Mr. Harry Birley, the well-known alpine climber, guide, and explorer, who was the first to make the ascent of Mount Earnslaw, a feat which was doubted for some years until confirmed by Mr. Malcolm Ross and others, who found actual traces of Mr. Birley's performance.
is about four miles east of Queenstown, towards the Lower Shotover, and is the site of the Wakatipu District Hospital. It is a farming district on the banks of the Kawarau river, which rises in Lake Wakatipu, a short distance south of Queenstown. There is a jetty, with two large sheds, not far from the well-known Frankton Falls. At the census of 1901, the population of the village and vicinity was 265. Frankton has a post office with daily mails, and also a small church belonging to the Presbyterian body.
is a wood and iron building with seats for sixty adults. Services are held at three o'clock in the afternoon on three Sundays in each month, and there is a small Sunday school in connection with the church. The Rev. J. Wilson, of Queenstown, is the minister in charge.
, Farmer, Frankton. Mr McBride assists in the management of his father's extensive farm at Frankton, and he and his brothers own the well-known Earnslaw station at the head of Lake Wakatipu. He is further referred to as a member of the Lake County Council.
was a scene of much excitement in the early days of mining, but the district is now devoted principally to farming. The township has a hotel, a blacksmith's shop, and a public school, with an average attendance of thirty-eight, and the post office and telephone bureau are at the school-house. These buildings adjoin the main road from Queenstown to Arrow town, via Frankton and Lake Hayes, and are about equi-distant, six miles, from each settlement. The village is on the east side of the Shotover river, near the old bridge, which is showing distinct signs of age. The junction of the Kawarau and Shotover rivers is about two miles to the south of the Lower Shotover, which is in the Queenstown riding of Lake county, and in the Wakatipu electorate.
, Farmer, “Mount Grandview,” Lower Shotover. Mr Grant was born in 1846, at Ca-brach, Aberdeen, Scotland, and was brought up to farming. He came to Port Chalmers in 1870 by the ship “William Davie,” and started shepherding at Glenorchy station, at the head of Lake Wakatipu, and afterwards managed the station for Messrs Butement Brothers for some years. Mr Grant bought “Mount Grandview “in 1878, and has resided there ever since. The property consists of about 500 acres, and is devoted chiefly to sheepfarming. Mr Grant is an elder of the Frankton Presbyterian church, and was for some years a member of the Lower Shotover school committee. He was married, in 1878, to a daughter of the late Mr John Geddes, of Morayshire, Scotland, and has two sons and five daughters.
, Farmer, “Springbank,” Spear Grass Flat, Lower Shotover. Mr Houston was born in Ballyportray, County Antrim, Ireland, where he was brought up to farming on his father's farm. He came to New Zealand in 1884, and engaged in farm work in the Taieri district for a long time. In 1893, Mr Houston took up a leasehold farm of 390 acres at Lake Hayes, where he still resides, and in 1900 he bought “Springbank,” which consists of 142 acres. Mr Houston was a member of the Lower Shotover school committee for three years. He married a daughter of Mr C. Hanson, of Frankton, and has two sons and two daughters.
is a well-known incorporated town in Lake district, twelve miles from Queenstown, and 172 miles north-west of Dunedin. It has had an eventful history as a goldfield, and is close to the Shotover and Arrow rivers, famous for their rich discoveries. The nearest point of railway communication with Dunedin is Lawrence, with which there is regular contact by means of a line of coaches. Coaches also run to Queenstown, and connect with the Government steamers for Kingston, and thence with Invercargill by rail. Further coach services are maintained with Pembroke and Lake Wanaka, via Cromwell and Cardrona. Arrowtown has, practically, daily mail communication with Dunedin and Invercargill, and there are the usual telegraph facilities. The district supports its own newspaper, “The Lake County Press,” published twice a week. Fine crops are grown in the neighbourhood, and Hour mills are in active operation. Arrowtown is within the boundaries of the Arrow riding of Lake county, and in the electoral district of Wakatipu. The entire population of the riding is 674, exclusive of the population of the borough, 410. There is a population of 150 at Arrow Flat and vicinity; 194 at Lake Hayes Village and vicinity; and 158 at Gibbs-town, nine miles to the south-east towards Cromwell. The township of Arrowtown stands on a rich flat, amidst bleak, gaunt, wild and precipitous hills, and appears a very oasis in that wild country. The junction of Bush creek with the Arrow river is near the township.
Gold was discovered in the district in 1863 by the original prospectors, Messrs McGregor and Low. The place was named Fox's, because a man named Fox took the news of the discovery of gold to other mining settlements, and it was in consequence of this news that the “rush” took place. In the winter of 1903 the weather at Arrowtown was of a very severe type, and the temperature is said to have receded to a point 28 degrees below zero. This extreme cold resulted in the destruction of the whole of the gum trees, and a considerable number of pine trees; a loss experienced generally throughout the Lake district, where the ruin of so many groves of handsome trees very much modified the picturesqueness, not only of Arrowtown, but also of Queenstown, and the scenery on the roads in the district. In the summer time, however, the weather is frequently extremely hot and dry. The Crown range is not far from the township of Arrow, and has attained celebrity for its magnificent crops of cereals. Arrowtown has three hotels, four stores, two tailors' shops, three blacksmiths' shops, bootmakers and saddlers' establishments, churches belonging to the Anglicans, Presbyterians, Roman Catholics and Methodists, a public school, a Roman Catholic Convent school, a district hospital, and a branch of the Bank of New Zealand.
has an area of 390 acres, with a population of over 400, of whom 298 are ratepayers possessing 298 rateable properties. A general rate of one shilling in the £ is raised, besides a special water rate of sixpence. There is a water-works loan of £900. The water supply is obtained from Bush creek by means of an open race and pipes of a total length of about one mile and a-half. From the point where the water is taken, the fall to the borough is 168 feet. A sanitary rate of ten shillings for each resident, and a special charge for public institutions and hotels is made in connection with a lighting rate. The revenue of the borough from general rates amounts to £143, and the total annual rateable value is £1,908. The local library and Athenaeum, which is supported by voluntary subscriptions, is under the management of the Council. The borough is lighted by fifteen lamps, three of which burn acetelyne gas, and twelve kerosene. The drainage of the borough is by pipe and open drains into the Arrow river. Members of the Council for 1904–5: Mr D. Richardson, Mayor, and Messrs G. H. Romans, S. McSkimming, J. Cotter, H. McKibbin, H. Graham, R. Pritchard, and J. Jenkins, councillors. Mr L. H. Preston is Town Clerk, and Mr F. Smith, Collector and Valuer.
, was born at Dalkeith, Edinburgh, in 1872, and came to New Zealand about 1878. He was educated at Green Island, brought up as a blacksmith in Dunedin, and followed his trade in various parts of Otago, before buying the Ballarat Hotel in 1903. Mr Richardson also owns, in partnership with Mr William Murphy, a prosperous general blacksmithing and coachbuilding business at Arrowtown.
was elected to a seat on the Arrowtown Borough Council in 1897. He is the second son of Mr. William Jenkins, J.P., and was born at Macetown. Mr. Jenkins was educated at Arrowtown public school, and was afterwards employed in his father's store, also engaging in the business of a butcher. He is a good rifle shot and a cricketer, being also treasurer of the local cricket club.
, J.P., who has been twice Mayor of the borough of Arrowtown, was born at Narveny, County Donegal, Ireland, where his father was a well - known farmer, and was educated at Stranorlar, in the same county, afterwards working on his father's farm. In 1855, he sailed for Victoria by the ship “Montmorency.” On his arrival in Melbourne, he was smitten with the “gold fever,” and worked on various diggings in Victoria. Mr. Jenkins came over to Otago in the great “rush” of 1862, and was at Nokomal field, and later at the Lake diggings. In 1866, he started store-keeping at Macetown, and, later on, at Arrowtown, where he now carries on a large business as general merchant, trading under the name of Messrs. Jenkins and Co. Mr. Jenkins has always taken a keen interest in local self-government and volunteering, having served in the municipal and county councils for several years, and been twice elected Mayor of Arrowtown. He joined the local volunteer force at its inception, and eventually received the rank of major-commandant of the Lakes district. Mr. Jenkins has been chairman of the school committee for a number of years; has been a member of Lodge Arrow Kilwinning, Scottish Constitution; and is a churchwarden of St. Paul's church.
, who was for some time a Member of the Borough Council of Arrowtown, is a young man imbued with thorough colonial energy. He is the third son of Mr. Richard Cotter, who was one of the pioneer diggers at the Arrow “rush.” Mr. Cotter carries on an extensive storekeeping and butchering business at the Arrow and at Bullendale. He is a large buyer of fat stock from the Hawea and Southland districts, and supplies the bulk of the mining population at Bullendale, Skipper's Point, with stores and meat.
. This institution was established in 1880, on the cottage principle, and contains male, female, and isolation wards, with accommodation for sixteen patients. It is fully equipped with the latest surgical and other medical appliances. The hospital grounds and medical superintendent's residence cover an area of five acres, a portion of which is planted with trees and shrubs, which afford an agreeable shelter for the convalescents.
, which stands on an acre and a-half of land, is a stone building containing two class-rooms and two porches; and there is a school residence of seven rooms, standing on two acres on the opposite side of the road. The roll number is seventy and the average attendance is sixty, but there is accommodation for 120 pupils. A large level playground surrounds the school. The headmaster is assisted by an infant mistress.
, who has been Headmaster of the Arrowtown school since 1900, was born in 1843, in Sutherlandshire, Scotland, and was educated there and in Melbourne. He came to Port Chalmers by the ship “Henrietta,” in 1860, and in 1864 commenced teaching at Otepopo, in the Oamaru district. In 1868, he went to Melbourne, where he studied for his profession for a year. On returning to Otago, Mr Orr was teaching at Roxburgh for a time, and was subsequently appointed headmaster of the Park School, Invercargill. He held this position for twenty-two years, before receiving his present appointment. Mr Orr is a member of the local Presbyterian church, in which he often acts as lay preacher. He was married, in 1869, to a daughter of the late Mr Ewen McKenzie, of Glasgow, and has one son and four daughters.
dates from 1900. The charge includes the districts of Gibbstown, Macetown, Crown Terrace, and Skippers. Arrowtown was formerly a portion of the Queenstown charge. The church, known as St. John's, occupies a section of two acres on the Terrace. It is a stone building, with a bell turret, and is seated for 180 worshippers. A Sunday school is held in the church, and there are thirty-five scholars, under the charge of four teachers. The manse is a commodious ten-roomed stone building, in the suburbs of Arrow, and has a glebe of five acres and a-half. Some very handsome trees grow on the property. The resident minister holds services periodically at the various settlements surrounding Arrowtown.
, who is in charge of the Presbyterian church at Arrowtown, was born in Fifeshire, Scotland, in 1861. He was educated at Montrose and Edinburgh, and studied at the Edinburgh University, and the Congregational Theological Hall. In 1886, he was licensed to preach and was ordained to the Congregational ministry, in the Shetland Isles, where he was stationed for six years. Mr Fisher arrived at Port Chalmers in 1891, by the s.s. “Arawa,” and was for six years Congregational minister at that place. He, however, joined the Presbyterian ministry in Dunedin in 1897, and laboured in missionary work at Riverton, Invercargill, and Colac Bay, prior to his induction at Arrow in 1901. Mr Fisher
at Arrow was completed and opened for divine worship on the 18th of May, 1902, when the occasional sermon was preached by the Rev. Father Murphy, Administrator of St. Joseph's Cathedral, Dunedin. The church, which stands on part of a section of three acres of land, is a stone and iron building with accommodation for 200 worshippers. The Rev. Father O'Donnell, of Queenstown, is the priest in charge.
(Mr P. de la Perrelle, proprietor and editor), Arrowtown. This paper was founded in 1872, to succeed one named “The Arrow Observer,” which had been started by Mr S. M. Brown, and Mr H. J. Cope. Mr Warren, afterwards proprietor of the “Lake Wakatipu Mail,” for some time owned the “Observer.” The “Lake County Press” was started by Mr J. T. M. Hornsby, and Mr E. Sandford. In 1886, it was taken over by Mr W. J. Marsh, now of the “Wyndham Herald,” from whom it was bought by the present owner in 1895. It is an eight-page weekly, published on Thursday, and circulates widely in the district surrounding Arrowtown. There is a very good jobbing plant; indeed, the poster printing plant is one of the best outside Dunedin.
, J.P., Proprietor and Editor, was born in Arrow, in 1872, and served his time to the printing trade in the office of the “Press.” He bought the paper in 1895, and has conducted it since. Mr de la Perrelle was appointed to the Commission of Peace in 1899. He represents Lake county on the Southland Hospital and Charitable Aid Board, is a member of the Wakatipu Licensing Committee, and a steward of the Lake County and Arrow Jockey Clubs. He has been for some years in the Borough Council, and is a vice-president of the Arrow Literary and Debating Society, of the Arrow Football Club, and of the Tennis Club, and is on the committee of the Cricket Club and the Caledonian Society. He is captain of the Wakatipu Mounted Rifles, of which he was formerly first lieutenant. In 1902, he was married to a daughter of the late Mr Grant, of Milton, and has one son.
, Carpenter and Undertaker, Arrowtown. Mr Webb was born at Kenilworth, England, in 1844, and attended school, and learned the grocery trade, in his native place. He arrived in Lyttelton, in 1874, by the ship “Lady Jocelyn,” and shortly afterwards settled at Arrow. For some time he was employed in local stores, but ultimately commenced business as a carpenter and undertaker. Mr Webb is of an inventive turn of mind, and has recently taken out a patent for the destruction of small birds. A cage with a canary or some other bird in it, is suspended from the roof of the destroyer, which is a frame enclosed in wire netting. This serves as an attraction to the sparrows. The ground below is spread with poisoned grain, which the sparrows take greedily. Thus the poison is kept from domestic fowls, and the destroyer may, with safety, be planted in the centre of poultry or stock yards. It is said to have proved very effective for its purpose. Mr Webb served for about fourteen years in the Arrow Rifles. He was married, in 1876, to Miss Cowan, of Edinburgh, and has four sons and seven daughters.
(D. Richardson, proprietor), Arrowtown. This hotel, which was established in the early gold digging days, contains nineteen rooms, and a good table is kept. The tariff is moderate, and the choicest brands of liquors, including all the best Otago beers, are stocked. There are good stables connected with the hotel.
, the Proprietor, is further referred to as Mayor of Arrowtown.
, Runholder, “Bendemeer,” Lake Hayes, Arrow. Mr Baird's farm of “Bendemeer” is on the Arrow road, and the house, with its splendid grounds of about twenty acres, overlooks Lake
Hayes. Mixed farming is carried on, and some fine stock are kept, notably in draught horses, and Shorthorn and Jersey cattle. Coronet Peak station, of 100,000 acres, at Miller's Flat—between Arrow and Queenstown—is also
, Farmer, Arrow Junction Farm, Arrowtown. Mr McMaster was born in 1856, in Dunedin, attended school at Brighton, and was brought up to farming. He worked for eighteen months in the Oamaru district, before going to Lake Wakatipu, and shortly after his arrival there, bought a threshing mill, which he has worked since 1884. In 1897, Mr McMaster purchased his present farm of 392 acres of freehold, which he has greatly improved. Mr McMaster was married, in September, 1887, to a daughter of Mr Stewart Stevenson, farmer, Crown Terrace, and has eight daughters.
, Farmer, Lake Hayes Farm, Arrow. Mr Shaw was born in Glasgow, Scotland, in 1854, and when eight years of age came out to New Zealand with his parents by the ship “Mataura.” He was brought up on his father's farm at the Taieri and afterwards removed to the Lakes district, where he worked on a small station for three years. In 1889, Mr Shaw bought his present farm of 200 acres, and he also owns the Arrow Junction Farm of 336 acres. Mixed farming is carried on, on both properties, and particular attention is devoted to horses. Mr Shaw served on the Lower Shotover school committee for several years, and is now a member of the Arrow Presbyterian church committee. He was married, in 1882, to the eldest daughter of the late Mr Robert Frew, farmer, Taieri, and has seven sons and one daughter.
Is One Of The Old Diggers, Who Has Been Associated With The Goldfields Since The Early Days. He Was Born At Blackwater, St. Agnes, Cornwall, England, In 1837, And Went With His Father To South Australia In 1849, And Two Years Later, To Victoria, Where He Had Ten Years' Experience In Gold Mining. Mr Edwards Was One Of The Early Diggers At Gabriel's Gully In 1861. In His Early Experiences, He Worked Almost Entirely On His Own Account, And Had Claims, That Were More Or Less Successful, At Waitati, Woolshed, Blue Spur, Wetherstones, Waipori, Dunstan, Fox's And The Carrick Range. While In Victoria He Visited Blackwood, Castlemaine, Ovens, Prior's Creek, And Forest Creek, And Knew Lucky Diggers, Who, For Safety, Kept Pounds Weight Of Gold In A Chaff Bag, On Which The Watch Dog Slept. Mr Edwards Has Gone Through Many Rough Experiences As A Miner. In 1874, He Settled At Arrow, And Has Since Then Resided Continuously In The District, With The Exception Of A Short Time In Nelson. Mr Edwards Qualified As A Mine Manager, And Took A First-Class Certificate On The 21St Of May, 1887, And Has Had Many Important Appointments As Manager Of Mines, Both at Blackwood and the Blue Mountains, and at Daylsford in Australia, and in the Lake district, under Mr Evans at the Achilles Mine, Bullendale; and he was also for some time manager of the Lady Fayre Mine at Macetown. Mr Edwards was married, in 1876, to a daughter of the late Mr Buckham, of Chines, Victoria, and has three sons and three daughters.
(Stevenson, Dakers and Party), Bracken's Gully, from three to four miles from Arrow. This claim was started in 1904, and consists of a holding of four acres, and there are eight heads of water available. The party has about 600 feet of piping, with 180 pounds pressure, and is working in a forty-feet face of good ground. At one time there were 150 men employed in Bracken's Gully.
, one of the party, is a farmer at Crown Terrace, where he and his brother hold 900 acres. He was born in Stronsay, Orkney Islands, in 1864, and came to New Zealand in 1884. Since his arrival in New Zealand he has been engaged in farming. Mr Stevenson, whose home is in Arrow, is a Past Master of Lodge Arrow, Kilwinning. He is also a member of the Presbyterian
, one of the party, is a recent arrival in the colony. He was born in Montrose, Forfarshire, Scotland, in 1875, educated there, and brought up to farm work. In 1901, he came to New Zealand and was engaged at farm work until 1904, when he secured an interest in the Bracken's Gully claim. Mr Dakers has been a competitor in stone-putting, hammer-throwing, and other athletic exercises.
is on high ground a short distance to the south-east of the settlement of Arrowtown; indeed, its highest part is 5,673 feet above the level of the sea. It is in the Arrow riding of Lake county, and in the electorate of Wakatipu. At the census of 1901, Crown Terrace and its neighbourhood had a population of 103. There is a public school with an average attendance of twenty-one. The district is devoted entirely to farming, and is well known for its fertility, and its large crops of wheat, oats and barley. Presbyterian church services are held once a month in the schoolhouse, and a Sunday school is regularly held in the settlement.
, Farmer, “Royal Burn,” Crown Terrace, Arrow. “Royal Burn” is a compact little property of 245 acres, and when taken up in 1879, was in its natural state. Like most of the land on Crown Terrace, it yields rich crops of grain. Mr McKibbin is further referred to as a member of the Lake County Council.
(James Stevenson and William Stevenson), Farmers, Crown Terrace, Arrow. Messrs Stevenson Brothers own two freehold farms of 200 acres each, which are devoted to mixed farming, and also a property of 500 acres of hill country, held under lease in perpetuity from the Crown, which is used as a sheep run.
, the Senior Partner, was born at Stronsay, in the Orkney Islands, in 1860, and came to New Zealand in 1881. He engaged in farm work for a time, and in 1889 took up 200 acres of land at Crown Terrace, which he and his brother have since increased to their present holding. Mr Stevenson is a member of the Crown Terrace school committee, and of the Arrow Presbyterian church committee. He was a member of the Arrow Athletic Club for many years, and handicapper for some time; and at one time he took part in stone-putting contests. Mr Stevenson married a daughter of Mr John Jenkins, farmer, Crown Terrace, and has one son.
, the Junior Partner, is engaged in mining at Bracken's Gully, and is further referred to under Arrowtown, where he resides.
stands on the banks of the Arrow river, about eight miles to the north-west of Arrowtown. It is in the Matukituki riding of the Lake county, and in the electoral district of Wakatipu. At the census of 1901, the entire population of the riding was 159; that of the village of Macetown, 113; and there were only five inhabitants at Matukituki, which gives its name to the riding. There is a local post office with a telephone bureau, and mails are received and despatched three times a week. The public school has an average attendance of twenty-nine. Macetown district is devoted almost entirely to mining.
, which is situated four miles from the township of Macetown in a very wild and rugged part of the range, is at present owned by the Premier Sunrise Gold Mining Company, Limited, with a capital of £5,000. The mine is now being worked by means of a low level adit, and incline of 1 in 4. The hauling is effected by means of an electric hauling machine placed at the top of the incline, the power for generation being obtained from the counter-shaft
, B.A., B.E., formerly General Manager, Superintendent, and Attorney in charge of the Premier mine, was born at Monkstown, County Dublin, Ireland, in 1864. He is the third son of Mr. I. W. Stanford, C.E., and was educated at Uppingham School, Rutland, England, afterwards entering Trinity College, Dublin, where he took his degrees of B.A. and B.E. in 1886. Mr. Stanford was employed by his father on the Rathmines waterworks, near Dublin, and subsequently by the Irish Government on the surveys for improving the drainage of the Barrow and Shannon rivers. He studied assaying in London and qualified as a practical assayer. In 1890, he was appointed Assistant Manager and Assayer to the Silate River Gold Mining Company in the Transvaal, where he remained until November, 1892; and was appointed general manager of the Premier mine at Macetown in 1893. He is an Associate of the Institution of Civil Engineers, and of the Institute of Mining and Metallurgy, London, and is member of the New Zealand Institute of Mining Engineers. He took an active interest in the Arrow Hospital, of which he was chairman, and was also president of the Arrow Cricket Club. Mr. Stanford was married in 1805 to Ruby, daughter of the late Mr. Charles Belaney, of County Westmeath, Ireland, and has one daughter. He is now (1905) in Rhodesia, in the employment of an exploration company, and left Macetown in 1899.
is picturesquely situated on Lake Wanaka, 184 miles from Dunedin, and about forty miles to the north of Cromwell. It is increasing in general estimation as one of the pleasure resorts of the Lake country. Cobb and Co.'s coaches leave twice weekly for Queenstown, via Cardrona, and the Crown range of hills, and twice a week via Cromwell. A little paddle steamer runs to the head of the lake, Weka Island, and Glendhu Bay, and arrangements can be made beforehand for chartering her for special occasions. Lake Wanaka is a beautiful sheet of water, surrounded with fascinating natural scenery. Weka Island is very charming, and has on its summit a small but beautiful lake about three acres in extent named Rototui; and from the highest point of the island the visitor obtains a magnificent view. Glendhu Bay is a broad and picturesque lagoon, which gives enchanting reflections of the neighbouring scenery. A view of Lake Hawea can be obtained from the high ground above Driftwood Bay. The Makaroa and Otetenui valleys are also places of great beauty. Excursions can be made by alpine climbers to Mount St. Bernard, Symon's Crags, with Mount Aspiring, 10,000 feet high, in full view before them; and Mount Alba, another beautiful peak, entails only a little exertion to ascend it. The township of Pembroke is in the Cardrona riding of Lake county, and is part of the electoral district of Wakatipu. Its population at the census of 1901 was 130. Pembroke has a post and telegraph office, and mails are received, and despatched, twice a week.
, Lake Wanaka, was opened under the charge of Rev. Mr O'Connor, whose salary was partly guaranteed by leading settlers. Mr Thomson is the present master of the school. The building contains one class-room, and has an average attendance of forty-five pupils.
, Headmaster of the Pembroke public school, was born at Gabriel's Gully, and is the son of
, M.A., Edin., at one time Presbyterian minister in the Pembroke and Lake Wanaka district, was born at Invercargill in 1869, and is the youngest son of Mr. W. Grant, of Dunedin. He received his primary education in Invercargill, and afterwards proceeded to Scotland with his parents to study arts and theology at Edinburgh University, where he took his M.A. degree. Mr. Grant received his license from the Presbytery of Edinburgh, and on his return to Otago, in 1893, was appointed to the pastorate of Pembroke and Lake Wanaka.
, Pembroke. Pembroke and the adjoining townships were separated from the Anglican parish of Queenstown, and formed into a separate parochial district, by the Bishop of Dunediu, in 1900. The Rev. A. Douglas Mitchell was appointed to take charge of it. Since then a site has been bought, and the first church to the west of Cromwell built in Pembroke. It was opened on Sunday, the 5th of October, 1902, and is built of wood, lined within with linoleum, which makes it very comfortable. The church is free from debt, and all the seats are free. It is hoped that after a little time it will be possible to add a chancel, vestry and porch, and so complete the church according to the plan drawn by Mr Burnside, architect, of Dunedin.
(Mrs Russell, proprietress), Pembroke. The popular and obliging hostess of the Wanaka Hotel is ably assisted by her two daughters, and possesses one of the most charmingly situated hostelries in New Zealand. It stands an a terrace overlooking Lake Wanaka, and the magnificent view obtained from the grounds cannot be, perhaps, surpassed in the southern hemisphere. Four acres of land are attached to the hotel, and are tastefully laid out as pleasure grounds with shrubberies, orchard, kitchen garden, and paddocks. Lake Wanaka Hotel is an Ideal resting place for tourists and ordinary travellers. The building contains twenty-six rooms, including sitting and bedrooms. Special conveyances can be hired to convey tourists to the Hermitage at Mount Cook. Then, the p. s. “Theodore” makes special trips to various parts of the lake to suit excursionists, and calls regularly every week at the head of the lake, by which route travellers can reach the West Coast, via the Haast river. Lord Onslow and party went over this route, and were delighted with the magnificent scenery. Mail coaches run twice weekly between Cromwell. Queenstown, and Cardrona. There are also excellent tracks connecting the Pembroke district with the goldfields at Arrow and Macetown.
, sometime proprietor of the Wanaka Hotel, was the first, postmaster, and one of the pioneer settlers of Pembroke. He was born in Hobart, Tasmania, in 1845, and died at the early age of thirty-two years at Lake Wanaka. His father, Mr. Henry Russell, arrived in Auckland in the early days of that district, and was engaged in managing sawmills at the Bay of Islands for some years, but afterwards went to Dunolly, Victoria, where his son was educated. About 1862, Mr. T. Russell
came over to the West Coast diggings, and subsequently joined the “rush” to Cardrona, Otago. He settled at Lake Wanaka in 1867, and built the hotel, which was the first building erected in Pembroke. Mr. Russell was married, in 1865, to Celia Isabella, eldest daughter of Mr. Elijah Hedditch,
(Robert McDougall), General Merchants, Colliery and Steamboat Proprietors, Pembroke, Lake Wanaka. This firm was established in 1871, and carries on a considerable business. It acts as agent for the National and New Zealand Insurance Companies and the Otago Daily Times and Witness Company. Mr. McDougall is referred to in another article as a member of the Lake County Council.
, General Merchant, Pembroke. Mr. Monteith, who is an old and respected colonist of long standing, was born in Glasgow in 1840, and is the second son of the late Mr. James Monteith, merchant, of that city. He was educated at Edinburgh University, and entered the service of his cousins, Messrs. John Monteith and Co., calico printers, Glasgow, with whom he remained until 1857, when he emigrated to Melbourne by the s.s. “Royal Charter” (afterwards wrecked with greatloss of life in St. George's Channel). He worked in the country for a short time, then joined the Oriental Bank Corporation, Melbourne, and remained in that institution until 1862. After revisiting Scotland, he came to Dunedin, in 1864, in the barque “Cecilia,” and followed the gold “rushes” at Hamilton. Otago, and on the West Coast. He next became a railway contractor and constructed the Chain Hills section of the Dunedin-Balclutha line. Mr. Monteith settled in Pembroke in 1877, and established the business he now carries on. He takes an active interest in local affairs, and is chairman of the Albertown and Pembroke school committees and Pembroke Public Library, and secretary of the Wanaka Jockey Club.
, as a farming settlement in the Hokonui riding of the county of Southland, had a population of 112 at the census of 1901; while Longridge North had a population of 192, and Longridge South 129; these two places being in the Oreti riding of the county of Southland. The district takes its name from a sheep station, which in the early days embraced a very large area of land, including the site of the township of Balfour. The schoolhouse, which is centrally situated in the village of Longridge, is six miles distant from Lumsden, and seven miles from Balfour. The road connecting these places passes over a considerable ridge in hilly country, lying between Longridge and Lumsden. The Longridge settlements are in the Wakatipu electorate, and agricultural and pastoral pursuits are the principal industries. The country varies from undulating to hilly.
was established about 1880. The building which is of wood and iron, stands on a site of two acres, and contains a classroom and porch, with accommodation for fifty children. There are thirty-two names on the roll, and the average attendance is twenty-seven. The premises include a shelter-shed and playground, and a teacher's residence of four rooms.
, Teacher-incharge at Longridge, is a native of Mataura. She was educated at the Middle School, Invercargill, where she served as a pupil-teacher for six years, and was appointed to her present position in 1902. Miss Anderson is a member of the New Zealand Educational Institute, and is an amateur artist in black and white.
is the name of a township and farming district on the Waimea Plains line of railway, ten miles distant from Lumsden, and twenty-seven miles from Gore. It is in the Oreti riding of the country of Southland, and in the electorates of Wakatipu and Wallace. The population in the year 1901 was 123 with thirty-four additional at Ardlussa Flat, and forty-seven at Black Swamp. Originally, the site was part of the Longridge station—the homestead of which is seven miles away on the hills—and the settlement dates from 1884, when Balfour was surveyed as a township. The post office and railway station combined stands at an altitude of 540 feet above the sea, and daily mails are received and despatched. A commodious hotel adjoins the station, and there are three stores, two smiths' shops, a bakery, a butchery, two carpenters' shops, and a large grain store belonging to the well-known firm of Messrs Wright, Stephenson and Co. An extensive farming district surrounds the township, the valley being fully eight miles across. The Longridge creek runs through the district, which is generally well watered. The local churches represent the Presbyterian, Anglican and Roman Catholic bodies. There is a flourishing public school, and a public hall owned by a local company. The line of railway running through Balfour was constructed under the auspices of the New Zealand Agricultural Company, which owned a large tract of land in its native tussock. The land was ultimately taken over by the Government, and the station at Balfour dates from 1899. In addition to the business premises already named, there are well-equipped livery and bait stables, where visitors can obtain vehicles to get about the surrounding country. The land in the immediate vicinity of the township is level, but the settlement creeps up the hills on both sides of the valley. In 1881, there were no houses on the site of the township, but in 1882, Mr John Macpherson, the pioneer settler of the district, erected a store, took out an hotel license a year later, and built Longridge Hotel in 1884. In addition to the Longridge sheep station, there are three other stations in the district; Glenure, six miles away; Waimea, four miles and a-half; and Ardlussa, six miles distant.
was established in 1887. The building is situated in the main street, and occupies a site of five acres, well
planted with ornamental and shelter trees. It is constructed of wood and iron, and has accommodation for
, Headmaster of Balfour Public School, was born, in 1854, in the Orkney Islands, where he was educated and trained as a teacher. Mr Learmonth followed his profession for some years in the Orkneys. He also there worked up an acquaintance with various branches of agriculture, and in the Lothians, the stock-raising districts of Texas, United States, and in the sugar-growing districts of Queensland. In 1885 he arrived in New Zealand, and soon after was appointed to the charge of the Millers' Flat school; eighteen months later, he was transferred to the Elderslie school, near Invercargill. Mr Learmonth continued in charge there till his appointment to his present, position in 1891. He is a member of the Southland branch of the New Zealand Educational Institute, is secretary of the Balfour Cemetery Trust, and of the Presbyterian church, of which he is also choirmaster. Mr Learmonth was married, in 1890, to a daughter of Dr. James Wiseman, of Orkney, and has one son and one daughter.
, was opened in 1903. The building, which stands on a section of an acre and a-half, is constructed of wood and iron, and has seating accommodation for 140 worshippers. Balfour is under the pastoral charge of the vicar of Winton, whose curate, the Rev. Duncan Rankin, resides at Balfour.
(George Tulloch, proprietor), Balfour. This hotel, which is built of wood and iron, is two stories in height, and contains twenty rooms, including nine bedrooms and three sitting-rooms. The dining-room is a fine apartment, capable of accommodating fifty guests. Commodious stables, and a paddock for grazing purposes, are attached to the hotel.
, Proprietor of the Longridge Hotel, Balfour, was born in 1868, in Invercargill, where he was educated and brought up to the trade of a biscuit-maker. He followed this trade for nineteen years in Invercargill, Dunedin and Wellington, and during the last seven years of that time, was in the employment of the Wellington Biscuit Company. He took over the Longridge Hotel in 1904. Mr Tulloch is a member of the Excelsior Lodge of Druids, in Wellington. He was married, in 1893, to a daughter of the late Captain William Williams, of Dunedin, and has one son.
, Wheelwright and Blacksmith, Balfour. This business was established in 1884 by the proprietor. The shop is a wood and iron building, with two forges, and a complete plant, and occupies a site of an acre of land on the main road through the township. Mr Bryce was born in Galashiels, Scotland, in January, 1852. When only two years old he was brought to New Zealand by his parents by the ship “Robert Henderson,” and learned his trade under Mr David Luke, of Anderson's Bay. Mr Bryce afterwards worked on his own account at Caversham, and in 1884 came to Balfour with his father, and established his present business. He has been almost continuously a member of the Balfour school committee, and is also connected with the committee of the Caledonian Society. Mr Bryce was married, in 1888, to a daughter of Mr Richard Barnett, of Balfour.
, General Blacksmith and Farrier, Balfour. Mr Stark established his business in 1900. His dwelling-house, and a large shop, both constructed of wood and iron, stand on an acre of freehold land. The shop contains two forges, and Mr Stark undertakes general repairs to implements of all kinds. Mr Stark was born in Hamilton, Lanarkshire, Scotland, in 1872, and when a boy of six was brought to New Zealand by his parents in the ship “Christian McCausland.” He was educated at Mataura, and learned his trade at Riversdale, where he served an apprenticeship of seven years. Afterwards he worked as journeyman until 1900, when he established his business at Balfour. He is a member of the Balfour school committee, and holds a seat on the committee of the Balfour Caledonian Society. He is also captain of the Balfour Football Club. Mr. Stark was married, in 1895, to a daughter of Mr John Brown, of Taieri. Mrs Stark died in 1901, leaving two sons and one daughter.
, Farmer, Balfour. Mr Macpherson is one of the oldest settlers in the district of Balfour. He was born on the 24th of
May, 1844, in the parish of Insh, in Inverness-shire, Scotland, and was educated at the parish school in the village of Insh. At the age of fifteen, he became outdoor attendant to Lady Willoughby at Invereshie House, for two years. When he was eighteen years old, he became a gamekeeper, and was employed in that capacity for six years at Ballindalloch Castle, and for five years at Beaufort Castle, in the deer forests of Glenstrathfarrer. Mr Macpherson came to New Zealand by the ship “Timaru,” and landed at the Bluff in 1875. He was employed for some time in contracting at Benmore station and also on the New Zealand Agricultural Company's stations, and in 1881 he settled on the site of Balfour township, where he erected a store. Subsequently, he opened an hotel; he was the first hotelkeeper in the district, and held licenses for nineteen
is the headquarters of a district on the Waimea Plains, where, years ago, the New Zealand Agricultural Company bought large tracts of land, with the object of sub-dividing and selling to small settlers. The company is still represented at Riversdale. A considerable proportion of the land has been disposed of for closer settlement, and the township has had a career of much prosperity. It consists of two hotels, two stores, two saddlers' shops, three blacksmiths' shops, a butcher's shop, a livery stable, a dairy factory, and a large grain store owned by an Invercargill firm. The district has a rifle club, and is the headquarters of the Mataura Mounted Rifles, who have a drill shed. The Riversdale public school, under the care of a master and mistress, has an average attendance of ninety. The local railway station is eighteen miles from Gore, and nineteen from Lumsden, and stands 413 feet above the level of the sea. The work of the post office ana telegraph office is conducted at the railway station. Riversdale is in the Hokonui riding of the county of Southland, and in the Wakatipu electorate, and its population, at the census of 1901, was 312. It lies to the north-west of Gore, and four miles to the south of the Mataura river. The Waimea stream, a tributary of the Mataura, flows through the settlement and joins the Mataura five-miles to the southward. The severe winter of 1903 left its mark on Riversdale, by the destruction of nearly the whole of the gum trees, and of the pines which beautified the settlement. Riversdale is connected with the Waikaia district, fourteen miles off., by daily coach communication. A branch railway to connect Waikaia with Riversdale, was commenced some years ago, but up to the present (1904–5) the formation extends only four or five miles.
combined occupies a central position in the settlement. The old building at the back of the stationmaster's house was the first building erected on the Waimea Plains railway, and is now used as a stable and out buildings; and the first services in connection with the Presbyterian church in the district were held in the house now occupied by the stationmaster. The present railway station is built of wood and iron, and contains a ladies' waiting-room, a public lobby, booking offices, and a store-room, and has a separate entrance for the postal department. There is a very large goods shed, and large quantities of grain are sent from the station. As Riversdale is the railway station for the Waikaia district, considerable traffic in connection with that settlement, particularly on account of dredges, is carried on. Four trains daily pass through Riversdale, and the stationmaster is assisted by a cadet, messenger, and porter.
, who became Stationmaster and Postmaster at Riversdale in September, 1901, was born at Newark-on-Trent, England, in 1859. He attended school at Burton-on-Trent, and was brought up to railway work, his father, Mr Charles Appleby, having been one of the first two clerks appointed at the Burton-on-Trent station, on the opening of the Derby and Birmingham railway. Mr J. T. Appleby had considerable experience on the Midland railway, in England, as he served ten years, and rose from the position of a boy in the goods shed to a clerk in the office. Mr Appleby came to Canterbury, New Zealand, in 1884, after having a year's experience in Queensland. He joined the railway service at Addington, in July of the same year, and soon afterwards became a stationmaster. As such he was for two years at Winslow, four years and a-half at Albury, six years and a-half at Hornby Junction, and for one year and a-half at Little River, prior to his appointment at Riversdale, whence he was promoted to Rotorua, in the North Island at the end of 1904 or the beginning of 1905. Mr Appleby was married, in May, 1890, to a daughter of the late Mr Skinner, of Belfast, Ireland, and has one son.
, Ganger of No. 1 Section (Gore to Mandeville) Waimea Plains Railway,
was born at Ashton, Northampton, in 1874, and came, with his parents, to New Zealand in 1875. After he left
, was erected in 1892. The building is of wood and iron, and has accommodation for 120 persons. Monthly services are held by the Vicar of Winton. There is a Sunday school in charge of two teachers.
is a wood and iron building situated on half an-acre of ground. It has accommodation for 120 persons; a new pulpit has recently been erected, and there is a railed-in choir platform, and a handsome bell organ. The manse, which is a wood and iron building containing eight rooms, stands on a glebe of from three to four acres. The resident minister conducts two services at Riversdale on Sundays; fortnightly services at Wendon; and monthly services at Pyramid and Kingston Crossing.
, Minister-in-charge of the Riversdale Presbyterian Church, is a son of the late Rev. James Kirkland, of West Taieri. He was born in 1872, at Inchclutha, received his education at the Outram public school, and the Otago Boys' High School, and afterwards studied at the Otago University and the Theological Hall. He was inducted on the first of March, 1899, as minister of the Riversdale charge. In the same year, Mr Kirkland was married to a daughter of George Talbot Birch, Esquire, of Oteramika, and has two sons.
is owned by the Waimea Plains Co-operative Dairy Company, Limited, which was formed in 1904. Mr James Kelly is chairman of directors, and Mr James Robertson is secretary. The factory stands on an acre of ground about two miles from Riversdale, and the main building measures 60 feet by 30 feet, with a boiler-room of 20 feet by 30 feet. The boiler and engine are each of eight horsepower, and altogether the plant is complete and up-to-date. The cheese-maker has one assistant, and the annual output of cheese is from thirty to thirty-five tons.
, Cheese-maker at the Factory and Secretary of the Company, was born at Mackars-town, Roxburghshire, Scotland, in 1869, and came to New Zealand with his parents in 1873. He was educated at Woodlands, and in 1892 started work at the dairy factory there. He afterwards worked, successively, at Waimea Plains and Otamita, and returned to the Waimea Plains Factory in 1900. Mr Robertson is a member of the Presbyterian church choir at Riversdale.
, General Merchant, Riversdale. Mr Reid was born in 1876, in Dunedin, where he was educated and brought up to office work in the Riversdale district with Messrs Pease and Valentine, respectively. In 1894 he started his present business in partnership with Mr Frew, but has been sole proprietor since 1902. Mr Reid has a complete general stock of groceries, drapery, boots, etc., and he acts as agent for the Commercial Union Assurance Company, and for the Otago Daily Times and Witness, the Gore Standard, the Weekly Press and the Canterbury Times. He was for some time a member of the Riversdale Rifles, and is now a member of the Rifle Club. Mr Reid is Past Grand of the Loyal Riversdale Lodge of the Independent Order of Oddfellows, Manchester Unity. He was married, in 1904, to a daughter of Mr James Pollock, of Waipounamu.
, Livery Stable Keepers, Riversdale. Head office, Invercargill. The Riversdale branch of this business was established in 1893, and is conducted in buildings adjacent to Mr John Gee's Hotel. There is a good selection of horses and vehicles, and everything in connection with the establishment is up-to-date. Coaches carrying the mails, are run to and from Waikaia daily.
, Manager of the branch, is one of the partners in the firm of J. and R. Jopp. He was born at Arrow, in 1873, and brought up to this class of business, in which his father had been employed for about twenty-five years. In the early nineties he and his brother started the Gore branch; in 1892 they opened in Invercargill, and in 1893 Mr Robert Jopp opened the Riversdale branch.
, Farmer, “The Homestead,” Riversdale. Mr Hall was born in 1856, in County Derry, Ireland, and was farming on his own account before coming to New Zealand in 1883. On arriving in the Waimea Plains district he took up land at Wendonside, but shortly afterwards sold it and engaged in contract cropping for five or six years. Mr Hall has at various times bought and sold a large amount of land in the district, notably the Camp Homestead, which he bought before acquiring his present farm in 1897. “The Homestead,” which is situated close to Riversdale, consists of about 3,000 acres, and is devoted chiefly to sheep-farming, though horses and cattle belonging to the property are also exhibited at Gore. The farm is well equipped
, Farmer, “Springfield,” Riversdale. “Springfield” consists of 312 acres, and Mr Jones also owns another farm of 150 acres in the district, in addition to sixty acres of leasehold. He carries on mixed farming, and his draught and thoroughbred horses have taken many first and champion prizes. His racehorses have also been very successful, notably the mares “Vixen” and “Waimea.” Mr Jones was born in Liverpool, England, in 1855, and came to New Zealand with his parents. A few years later, he began to work as a general farm labourer, and continued as such until 1882, when he leased a small farm from his brother. In 1885 he took up 150 acres of land then in its natural state, and has since added to his property. Mr Jones was a member of the Wendon school committee for about seven years, and was for one year of that time chairman. He is a member of the Gore Agricultural and Pastoral Society. Mr Jones was married, in 1880, to a daughter of Mr Isaac Maslin, of Waimate, and has a family of five sons and four daughters.
, Lairg Farm, Riversdale. Mr Mackay was born in 1858, at Lairg, Sutherlandshire, Scotland, where he was educated and brought up to farming. He came to New Zealand in 1883, and, after a short period spent in farming, joined the railway service. Five years later he took up 188 acres in the Riversdale district, where he has since increased his area to 512 acres, of which about 200 acres are leasehold, and the remainder freehold. Mr Mackay is a director of the Waimea Plains Dairy Factory Company, Limited; a Master Mason of Lodge Taringatura. Lumsden; a member of the Farmers' Union; and a member of the Riversdale Presbyterian church committee. He was married, in 1884, to a daughter of Mr John McKenzie, farmer, Backies, Golspie, Sutherlandshire, Scotland, and has two sons and five daughters.
, Altrive Farm, Riversdale. Mr Murdoch was born in Aberdeenshire, Scotland, where he followed farming in his early years. He came to New Zealand in 1871 by the ship “William Davie,” resided at Green Island for a short time, and then settled in the Oamaru district. In 1879 he bought 871 acres of land in the Ngapara district from Mr John Borton. Mr Murdoch named his place “Riverside,” which became noted for the splendid stud flocks of English and Border Leicesters kept by him. The Borderers originated from one ram and six ewes bought in 1881 from the famous flock of Messrs Little Brothers, and were direct descendants from imported stock. Besides these, Mr Murdoch from time to time added other sheep from the best bred British and colonial flocks. Mr Murdoch exhibited in 1886 at Waimate, Christchurch, Dunedin, Oamaru and Timaru, and gained most of the first and champion prizes, besides many minor prizes. The English Leicesters were established in 1890, as immediate descendants of imported stock, and have attained a well-assured celebrity. Mr Murdoch always took an active part in local affairs while he was in North Otago, and was chairman of the Island Cliff school committee. He was a member of the North Otago Agricultural and Pastoral Association for over twenty-five years. While he was in North Otago, Mr Murdoch possessed, in addition to “Riverside,” a leasehold run of 9,000 acres in the Kyeburn district. In 1898, he sold “Riverside,” and also parted with his Kyeburn property, and went to settle in the Riversdale district, to which he also took his pure bred sheep, which he still continues to breed and exhibit with distinguished success. He has three properties at Riversdale; namely, Altrive Farm, of 350 acres, on which he has his homestead; Stanley Downs, 1,500 acres; and Highfield, 569 acres. As a farmer, Mr Murdoch's principal purpose is the production of grass and turnips to feed and fatten sheep, and with that end in view he generally ploughs from 400 to 500 acres of land every year. Like most of his countrymen, Mr Murdoch cherishes the memory of the poets of his native land, and so he has named his home-farm after that of Mr James Hogg, the Ettrick Shepherd. Mr Murdoch was married, in 1889, and has a family of four sons.
is a farming district in the Mataura riding of the county of Southland, and in the electoral district of Wakatipu. It lies on the north side of the Mataura river, and is connected with Riversdale with a road which crosses the bridge over the Mataura river about four miles from Riversdale, and eight miles from Waikaia. Waipounamu has a public school with an average attendance of twenty-three. The land is level, and is occupied by small farmers. The severity of the winter of 1903 caused the destruction of many of the gum and pine groves which formerly beautified the landscape.
, which is situated about five miles from Riversdale, across the Mataura river, is a wood and iron building, containing one classroom. The school stands on three acres of land, and there is a residence attached.
was born in Dunedin and educated at the Normal School, which she left with a D4 certificate in 1897, when she was appointed mistress of the Romareka school in the Catlins river district. She remained in that position for about eighteen months, and then went to the Nenthorn school, where she remained for four months. Miss Haydon received her present appointment in 1899, and now (1905) holds a D3 certificate.
, Farmer, “Northleigh,” Waipounamu. “Northleigh” consists of 304 acres of freehold, and is worked as a mixed farm. Mr Cross was born in June, 1878, in Oxfordshire, England. At the age of five years he landed with his parents at Port Chalmers by the steamship “Florida.” He attended school at Northleigh and Otama, and was brought up to country life in the colony. Mr Cross was married, in 1902, to a daughter of Mr George Horrell, of Mandeville, and has one daughter.
, Riversdale Farm, Waipounamu. Mr Pollock owns three farms in the district—“Riversdale,” of 264 acres, “Aitkendale,” of 554 acres, and another farm of 267 acres. He was born in 1838, at Both-well bridge, Scotland, educated at the parish school, and apprenticed to the joinery trade. In 1861, he came to Port Chalmers by the ship “Ladybird,” and spent some time at the Tuapeka diggings. Mr Pollock then built the accommodation house at Popotunoa Gorge (Clinton), and conducted it for four years before removing to Mataura, where he resided for many years. He built the well-known Bridge Hotel there, but sold it about 1872, to engage in storekeeping, in the store now occupied by Mr MacGibbon. In 1872, Mr Pollock took up 800 acres of land in the Mataura district, which he held until 1893, when he took up land at Waipounamu. He was for many years a member of the Tuturau Road Board, and chairman for two years, and he was also chairman of the Mataura Road Board. He has served as a member of various school committees at different times, and in 1904 was one of the two Commissioners of the Waipounamu school district. Mr Pollock was married, in 1873, to a daughter of the late Mr Edward Lawrie, of Toorak, Victoria, and has two sons and six daughters.
, sometime of Waipounamu, was born in Lincolnshire, England, in 1843, and was brought up to country life in his native county. In 1878, he settled in Southland, and removed to the Riversdale district in 1881. Seven years later Mr Clark bought his farm of 319 acres at Waipounamu. The land was then in tussocks, but he lived to see it in full working order as a mixed farm. For about three or four years, Mr Clark was a member of the Waipounamu school committee. He was married, in 1881, to a daughter of the late Mr John Vallance, of Sefton, Canterbury, and at his death, in 1903, left three sons and two daughters. Mrs Clark survives her husband, and the eldest
is about eight miles south-west of Waikaia, on the Waikaia Plains. It is a farming district, and the land is of fair quality. At the census of 1901, the population was 308. The district is situated in the Waikaia riding of the county of Southland, and in the electoral district of Wakatipu. There is a public school with an average attendance of thirty. The local post office, to which a telephone bureau was added in 1902, is conducted at the schoolhouse. Mails are received, and despatched, twice a week.
, J. P., Farmer, Pram Farm, Wendonside. Mr Maher's property consists of 914 acres, 274 of which are freehold, 320 educational leasehold, and 320 held under perpetual lease. It was originally part of the Waikaia Plains station. In 1884, when Mr Maher took possession, the land was in tussocks, but it has since been ploughed; a considerable number of trees, now well-grown, have been planted, and a homestead building erected. About 600 crossbred Leicesters are depastured on the farm, and, otherwise, general farming is carried on. Mr Maher took a prominent part in securing the establishment of the Wendonside public school. which was privately erected, and subsequently taken over by the Southland Education Board. Mr Maher has been a member of the school committee almost from the first, and was chairman up till 1903. He is secretary of the Waikaia Railway League, with which he has all along closely identified himself. Mr Maher is a staunch supporter of the Seddon Government. He married, in 1882, a daughter of the late Mr Cornelius Burke, who was the first chemist in Rangiora, Canterbury, and has seven sons and three daughters. The eldest son is employed in the Survey Department, Invercargill, and the fourth is in the Farmers' Co-operative store at Gore.
, Junior, Farmer, “Newton,” Wendonside. This property consists of 400 acres of an Educational Reserve. Mr Wood, the lessee, was born in Kingston, in December, 1863, and was brought up to country pursuits. He is the son of Mr I. Nugent Wood, the well-known Warden, and commenced farming on his own account, at “Newton” in 1886. Mr Wood was married, in 1889, to a daughter of Mr Henry Hirst, of Orepuki, and has one daughter.
has been well known as a Goldfields Warden in Otago for over forty years. He was born in Middlewick, Cheshire, England, in 1826, and attended school at his native place. As a lad he went to sea for a number of years, and landed in Australia in 1849. For some years he followed pastoral pursuits at Mount Gambier, South Australia. In the early days of the Victorian gold fields, Mr Wood became clerk to “Bendigo Mac,” Warden of the Bendigo goldfield. In 1861, Mr Wood came to Otago with Major Croker, to assist in organising the official staff, on the discovery of gold at Gabriel's Gully. In the following year he was appointed Warden, and was stationed at Fox's (Arrowtown). From that time onward Mr Wood acted as Warden on most of the Otago and Southland goldfields, and Queenstown was his last station. Owing to a severe buggy accident, he was compelled to retire at Easter, 1891. Mr Wood was married, on the 9th of February, 1854, to Miss Susan Lapham, the daughter of the late Mr Samuel Lapham, of Tasmania. Mrs Wood, who was known as a pleasing and versatile writer of prose and verse, died in 1880, leaving two sons. She was a highly valued and very popular contributor to the Otago Witness in the early sixties, and published a small book of poems, which attracted favourable notice throughout New Zealand, and is still treasured in many a bookcase.
is owned by the Nugent Wood Gold Dredging Company, Limited, of Lawrence, and Mr R. Pilling, junior, is the company's secretary. The dredge is working 100 acres of land at Wendonside, and commenced operations in October, 1903. Several dividends have already been paid to the shareholders, and the returns have been as high as 43 ounces for a week. The plant is driven by a twelve horsepower engine, and a sixteen horsepower boiler, and the buckets will lift three and three-quarters cubic feet of washdirt.
, who has acted as engineer of the Nugent Wood Dredge since June, 1904, was born in Essex, England, in 1854, He was brought to Lyttelton by his parents during the same year, by the ship “Royal Stuart;' attended school in Christchurch, and was brought up to outdoor pursuits. He commenced his experience as an engineer, at the the age of sixteen, under Messrs Reid and Gray, at Oamaru. On removing to Christchurch, he was employed as a fitter and turner in the shop of the late Mr John Anderson, and was with Messrs Jack, Steel and Hendry, of Oamaru, and other firms for over twenty years. Having taken his certificate as an engineer, he was appointed to the Success Dredge, and was afterwards a dredge engineer on the Upper Waipori, for twelve months, before his appointment to the Nugent Wood Dredge.
is on the banks of the Wendon creek, a tributary of the Waikaia river. In is in the Waikaia riding of the county of Southland, and in the Wakatipu electorate; and at the census of 1901 had a population of 585. Wendon has a public school, with an average attendance of forty-six. The district is devoted entirely to farming.
, Farmer, “Willowbank,” Wendon. After his arrival in New Zealand, Mr Stevenson was engaged in farm work in the Taieri, and in various parts of Southland and Otago, for some years before settling in the Wendon district. He and his father (who died in 1898) took a portion of the present farm, which he has since increased to 500 acres. Sheepfarming is carried on, and grain grown on the property has been successfully exhibited at Dunedin, Invercargill and Gore. Mr Stevenson is chairman of the Wendon school committee, captain of the Riversdale Rifle Club, a member of the committee of the Gore Agricultural and Pastoral Society, and a director of the Waimea Plains Dairy Factory Company. He is also a member of Lodge Taringatura, Lumsden, and has served in both the Riversdale and Mataura Mounted Rifles.
is named after the Glenary station, a large run of 100,000 acres. It is part of the electoral district of Wakatipu, and is in the Waikaia riding of the county of Southland, on the western bank of the Waikaia river. Glenary is also to the west of the township of Waikaia, and had a population of fifty at the census of 1901. Sheepfarming and sawmilling are carried on in the valley, and there is a local post office. Glenary lies prettily between snowcapped hills.
was established in 1902, and is conducted at the homestead of Mr Robert Hutton, farmer and sawmiller. Mails are received, and despatched, every Friday.
, Postmaster at Glenary, is a well-known farmer and sawmiller in the district. His property consists of 220 acres of freehold, and 105 of leasehold land, devoted to mixed farming and sawmilling. Mr Hutton was born in Fifeshire, Scotland, on the 24th of May, 1844. In 1859 he landed at Port Chalmers, by the ship “Sevilla,” from Glasgow, and settled at Waipori. He had experience in connection with gold mines, in the early days, in Otago; he was at the Dunstan “rush,” and drove Messrs Hartley and Riley, the well-known prospectors, from Waikouaiti to Black's station, Manuherikia. For several years he was employed in driving bullocks at a station on the Dunstan. Mr Hutton visited the Waiau district in 1866, and had some years of general experience in country life, before he settled at Glenary, which is at the head of the Waikaia Valley. In the early eighties, soon after settling on his property, he commenced sawmilling; the timber was drawn from the bush by his own bullock teams, in charge of his own sons. Mr Hutton was married, on the 24th of December, 1873, to a daughter of Mr James Lynch, one of the old military settlers, who took up land at Howick, near Auckland. Mrs Hutton was born on the 24th of December, 1845, and was brought by her parents in the troopship “Sir Robert De Sales,” which left the Old Country in January, 1846, and arrived at Auckland in May of that year. She was educated and brought up in the Auckland district, where she resided until 1862, when she removed to Wellington, which she left in 1871, for Southland. Mr and Mrs Hutton have a family of five sons and four daughters.
, Sheepfarmer, “Ardnarf,” Waikaia Valley, Glenary. “Ardnarf” consists of 800 acres of Education Reserve, and is used for the grazing of Romney Marsh crossbred sheep. Mr Murchison was born in 1834, in Rossshire, Scotland, at Ardnarf, Lochalsh, after which his place is named, and was educated for the Catholic priesthood, for which he studied for eight years at Blair's College, Aberdeen. However, owing to a breakdown in his health, he embarked on the ship “Sevilla,” on her first voyage, and arrived at Port Chalmers on the 10th of November, 1859. He stayed in the Riverton district for the first few years, and was interested in farming with a brother-in-law. For some time subsequently Mr Murchison was employed in mustering and shearing in the Waiau
was formerly known as Switzers. In the early days of the diggings, the township stood on the crown of Carnie's Hill, not more than a mile from the present township. Plenty of gold was won in the early days from Waikaia, including Whitcombe and Old Man Range, together with Welshman's and Campbell's Gullies. Nowadays mining in the district is confined chiefly to dredging. The settlement is about thirteen miles from Riversdale, with which it is connected by a daily mail coach service. There are several large stations in the countryside, but of late closer settlement has been the order of the day, and there are now a good many farmers in the neighbourhood. Waikaia township is situated on the banks of the Waikaia river, which is crossed by a bridge at the settlement. The Waikaia is a tributary of the Mataura, which it joins about six miles north-east of Riversdale. The district is well-watered, not only by the Waikaia river, but by numerous creeks, including Dome, Garvey burn, Muddy creek, and Gow's creek. Most of these join the Waikaia, to the south of the township. The settlement is the principal one in the Waikaia riding of the county of Southland, and the riding has a population of 1,709. The township itself, in 1901, had 230 residents, while there were fifty-nine additional in the Waikaia Valley; for many years, however, in the early days, it maintained a digging population of 2,000 souls. The railway from Riversdale has been authorised by Parliament, and the formation of the line was constructed as far as the Mataura river some years ago. Some very fine views of snow-capped mountains are seen from the township, including East Dome, Middle Dome, and West Dome; the former two are, respectively, 4,350 feet and 4,826 feet, in height. Waikaia has a Stipendiary Magistrate's Court and police office, an Athenaeum, and library, two public halls, a public school, a Presbyterian church, three hotels, three general stores, two butchers' shops, three bootmakers' shops, a bakery, and two blacksmiths' shops. Weekly visits by an officer of the National
, who has represented the Waikaia riding on the Southland County Council since 1896, was born in 1850, in Perthshire, Scotland, and attended school in the parish of Logierait, where he afterwards served for two years as a pupil-teacher. Mr Robertson arrived at Port Chalmers in 1867, by the ship “Vicksburgh,” and almost immediately went to the Waikaia district (then known as Switzers) to become a storeman for a local storekeeper. Ten years later he commenced farming, and still follows that calling, on 550 acres of land, nearly all freehold. Mr Robertson runs crossbred sheep on his farm. He was a member of the old Waikaia Road Board, and was a member, and also chairman of the Waikaia Licensing Committee during its existence. Mr Robertson has also been chairman of the local school committee since 1894, and he became a Justice of the Peace in 1891. He was married, in 1881, to a daughter of the late Mr James Welsh, of Cork, Ireland, and has five sons and three daughters.
, in the township of Waikaia, was conducted for some time prior to 1879 at Switzers station, about a mile from the present site of the post office, but was removed to the township in that year. The building is of wood and iron, and contains a public lobby, post and telegraph office, and a residence. Daily mails are received and despatched. There is a telephone bureau for the accommodation of the public.
, who has been in charge of the Waikaia office since 1889, was born in Aberdeen, Scotland. Her father was Mr J. Orchiston, grain merchant, of the city of Aberdeen. After arriving in Port Chalmers by the ship “Silistria,” in 1862, she became a school mistress, and taught in a private school and public school at Balclutha
, which dates from the early days of the settlement, originally stood on the hill when the district was known as Switzers, but about 1880 it was removed to Waikaia township, where it was destroyed by fire six weeks later. The present building, which is of wood and iron, contains two class-rooms and a porch, and stands on part of a section of an acre of land fronting Leamington Street. There is accommodation for 120 pupils; there are 113 names on the roll, and the average attendance is 103. The headmaster, whose residence occupies a section of a quarter of an acre on the opposite side of the street, is assisted by a mistress and pupil-teacher. The Waikaia school is one of the most successful in Southland in passing pupils for eivil service examinations and in percentages of marks gamed.
, who has been Headmaster of the Waikaia school since June, 1892, was born in Dunedin, in 1867. He gained his primary education in the city of his birth, and served a pupil-teachership at the Normal School. After holding the position of assistant at the Mataura public school for three years, he was appointed to Waikaia. Mr Hutchinson holds a C1 certificate. He was married, in 1897, to a daughter of the late Mr Moffat, of Waikaia, and has one daughter.
(Duncan Matheson, Junior), General Storekeeper, Blaydon Street, Waikaia. This business dates from the early days of the Waikaia goldfields, and has been conducted under its present style since 1880. The premises consist of a double-fronted shop with a verandah; the store-room and shop stand on part of a freehold section of half an acre of land, and the private residence is situated behind the store. There are departments for groceries, drapery, iron ware, crockery, and produce; and the vehicles and pack horses of the firm deliver goods within a radius of thirty miles of the settlement.
, Junior, Proprietor of the business, was born in Victoria in 1869. He attended school and was brought up to mercantile life, in his native colony, and landed at the Bluff in 1883. The family settled in Waikaia, and young Matheson assisted his father in connection with the Business before taking it over in 1890. Mr Matheson is a member of the local school committee and Domain Board, and holds office as secretary and treasurer of the Caledonian Society. He has been for years one of the managers of the local Presbyterian church. Mr Matheson was married, in 1898, to a daughter of Mr Robert Stewart, of Island Block, and has two sons.
, General Storekeeper, Blaydon Street, Waikaia. This store dates from 1890, and is conducted in a wood and iron building, with a double-fronted shop.
, who is in charge of the store in the absence of the proprietor, was born in Dunedin in 1867. He was educated in Invercargill, and brought up to mercantile life under his father, Mr Peter Calder, but was afterwards in business on his own account at Middlemarch for two years. At a later period he conducted the Lea Stream Hotel for three years, during which he was secretary and treasurer of the Lea Stream school committee. In 1903, he removed to Waikaia. Mr Calder was married, in 1891, to a daughter of Mr George North, of Dunedin, and has two sons and two daughters.
(Patrick Delargey, proprietor), Newburn Street, Waikaia. These stables have been conducted by Mr Delargey since 1898. The premises comprise a large wood and iron building, with sixteen stalls and three loose boxes, and from six to eight horses, and five buggies, are kept. Mr Delargey was born in 1880 at Invercargill, attended school at Otautau, Winton, and Waikaia, and has always been accustomed to the management of horses. He is a member of the local football, cricket, and racing clubs, and is well known throughout the district as the owner of trotting horses. Mr Delargey was married, in 1903, to a daughter of Mr Thomas Taylor, manager of the National Bank, at Gore.
, Farmer, “Thistledown,” Waikaia. Mr Fewings was born in 1861, in Devonshire, England, where he was brought up to country life. He arrived at Willington by the ship “Northumberland,” in 1880, and settled in the Balfour district, Southland, where he carried on farming till 1895. In that year Mr Fewings sold out, and purchased a freehold of 230 acres on the banks of the Waikaia river, where he has since farmed. Mr Fewings has disposed of sixty acres of his property for gold dredging purposes, to the proprietors of the Duke of Gordon dredge, which has made a record in securing the largest return of gold won in one
, Farmer and Contractor, Waikaia. Mr Gillespie was born in 1874, at Inchclutha, Otago, was educated at Knapdale, and brought up to country life at Chatton. His father died in 1895, and Mr Gillespie carried on the farm on behalf of his mother till 1903, when he took up his present property of 295 acres of School Commissioners' land at Waikaia. In addition to farming, Mr Gillespie is also a contractor for carting coal to the gold dredges.
(Duncan Gillanders, proprietor), Waikaia. This property consists of about 1,800 acres of freehold and leasehold land, and is worked as a sheep farm. A flock of crossbreds is kept on the estate.
, Proprietor of Hyde Home, was born in Ross-shire, Scotland, in 1829. He was brought up to farm work from his early days, and came out in the ship “Nelson,” to Port Chalmers in 1862. Mr Gillanders was employed on the Waimea Plains station, under Mr David McKellar, for four years, as a shepherd, and was for seven years subsequently owner of the Sunnyside run, in the Waiau district. On removing to the Waikaia district, Mr Gillanders took up a large run of about 25,000 acres, and worked the property till March, 1904, when he sold his interest. At one time Mr Gillanders had running rights over 100,000 acres of the hill country in the district, and has on some occasions had as many as 25,000 sheep. Mr Gillanders was married, in 1866, to Miss McBean, of Inverness-shire, Scotland. Mrs Gillanders died on the 1st of January, 1883.
, Farmer, Waikaia. Mr Turnbull was born in 1841, in Northumberland, England, and was brought up to sheep-farming. He arrived at Port Chalmers, by the ship “Sevilla,” in 1862, and after farming in the Oamaru district for a short time, went to Waikouaiti, and, later, to Moa Flat. About 1880, Mr Turnbull settled at Waikaia, where his homestead stands on a section of 640 acres, held under the perpetual lease system, and he also owns a run of 10,000 acres. When taken up, the land was in its natural state, but it has since been fully fenced amd one third has been improved. The property is devoted to sheep and cattle farming and about 2,000 crossbred sheep are depastured. Mr Turnbull was married, in 1876, to a daughter of the late Mr Charles McDonald, of Caithness, Scotland, and has three sons and one daughter.
(John Miller Hazledine and Thomas Francis Goldie), Coal Pit Proprietors, Muddy Creek Pit, Waikaia. This mine is worked on a section of fifty-four acres of land at Muddy Creek, and the seam in hand is about fifteen feet in thickness. Considerable quantities of coal are delivered to the local dredges, and the demand is steadily increasing. In addition to lignite, the firm has discovered a material which has been tested for shale oil, of which it contains a considerable percentage.
, Senior Partner in the firm, was born in Shropshire, England, in 1861. He attended the local grammar school, and Denston College, Staffordshire, and came out to Melbourne in 1881. After gaining some experience in Australia in commerce, Mr Hazledine engaged in station life till 1893, when he landed at the Bluff. He was for some time on a station in Southland, and then took a store at Waikaia, which he conducted for five years. Subsequently he became interested in some of the local dredges, and after some success sold out his interest and turned his attention to coal mining. The coal at Muddy Creek pit was discovered about 1899, and the mine has been steadily developed since that date. Mr Hazledine was married, in Melbourne, in 1891, to a daughter of Mr Peter Murton, at one time caretaker of the Yan-Yean Reservoir, and has three sons.
is owned by the Fairdown Gold Dredging Company, Limited, which has its head office in Princes Street, Dunedin, Mr Sligo being secretary. The dredge, which has four-feet buckets, and is driven by a twelve horse-power boiler, started work in June, 1904.
, who has been dredgemaster of the Fairdown dredge from its start, was born at Kirkintilloch, Dumbartonshire, Scotland, in 1881. He came to Port Chalmers with his parents by the ship “Trevelyn,” and was educated at Dunedin, and commenced his dredging experience in 1898, on the Richards Beach dredge, near Cromwell. After eight months' experience there, he was appointed winchman on the Fourteen Mile Beach dredge, and had further experience before being appointed to his present position in June, 1904. Mr Johnston went to South Africa as a member of the Eighth Contingent, and returned, unscathed, to the colony.
, who has been engineer of the Fairdown dredge since August, 1904. was born in Glasgow, where he was educated at St. John's School, Graeme Street. He served an apprenticeship to a weighing machine maker in his native city, and was also for three years under Messrs Muir and Caldwell, engineers. Mr Herriot landed in Brisbane, Australia, in 1887, and worked for two years under the Harbours and Rivers Department. He came to New
is owned by the Hessey Gold Dredging Company, Limited, for which Mr W. E. C. Reid, of Dunedin, acts as secretary. The dredge commenced operations at Winding Creek (the outlet from the old Switzers diggings), Waikaia, on the 1st of July, 1903, and during the first year's work a sum of 9s per share was paid in dividends to the shareholders, and in addition a considerable balance was accumulated at the bank. The claim consists of about 100 acres of land, and the dredge is worked by a twelve horse-power Marshall engine, and a sixteen horse-power dryback marine boiler.
, who has been Dredge Master of the Hessey dredge, from its start, also superintended the erection of the plant. He was born and educated at Manuka Creek, between Milton and Waitahuna, and has been employed in gold mining work since he was eleven years of age. About 1894, Mr Pettigrew commenced to work on a dredge, and four years later was appointed to the charge of the Adam's Flat dredge, where he continued for seven months. He was then manager of the Waimumu Extended for two years and a-half, and afterwards was dredge master of the Victory at Nelson Creek (on the West Coast) for seven months, and of the Golden Chain, on the Upper Clutha, for four months, before being appointed to his present position. Mr Pettigrew is a member of the Wendon Lodge of Oddfellows, Waikaia. He was married, in 1890, to a daughter of the late Mr Robert Macpherson, of Dunedin, and has one son and two daughters.
is owned by a private syndicate, and commenced operations at Muddy Creek in March, 1904. The dredge, which is working a freehold claim of seventy acres, has four-feet buckets, and is driven by a twelve horse-power engine, and a sixteen horse-power boiler. The machine has been a steady gold winner, and on one occasion 205 ounces were returned in a week.
, who has been Master of the Lady Annie dredge since October, 1904, was born in 1883 at Oamaru. He attended school there and at Dunedin, commenced to work on a dredge at Muddy Creed in 1901, and was afterwards winchman on the Duke of Gordon dredge for nine months before receiving his present appointment. Mr Gordon, who is captain of the Waikaia cycle club, is a cycle track-rider, and has competed in many races. In 1903 he won the two-mile team race at Gore, and the half-mile track race at Roxburgh, and two years previously he was successful in winning the two-mile road race at Mosgiel.
, who has been engineer of the Lady Annie Dredge since 1904, was born in 1880, at Lawrence, Otago, and educated at the Boys' High School, Dunedin. He served three years' apprenticeship to Mr Joseph Sparrow, engineer, of that city, and was employed for eighteen months with Messrs Stevenson and Pool, and for a like period at the Otago Foundry. After gaining a firstclass engineer's certificate, Mr Silk was appointed engineer of the Golden Glen dredge (now known as the Otago No. 2 dredge), at Island Rock. He held that position for six months, and afterwards was a year on the Waikaia United No 2 dredge, and nine months on the Garden Gully dredge at Waikaka, before being appointed to his present position at Waikaia. Mr Silk finds recreation in amateur photography.
is the property of the Masterton Gold Dredging Company, Limited, which has its head office in Princes Street, Dunedin. Mr W. E. C. Reid is secretary. The machine has been working since October, 1904, and, before Christmas of that year, had paid a dividend of 2s per share on its capital of £5,000. The claim consists of 100 acres of Crown land on the Waikaia Flat. The machine has four and a-half cubic feet capacity buckets, and is driven by a sixteen horse-power engine, and a twenty-five horse-power boiler.
, Dredgemaster of the Masterton Dredge, was born at Carronshore, Stirlingshire, Scotland, on the 13th of November, 1836. While a lad, he went to sea for three years, but left his ship at Melbourne in 1858. For some three years he was employed on coasting steamers between Adelaide and Melbourne, and was second mate on the steamer “Oscar,” on her first voyage to the
is the property of the Waikaia Gold Dredging Company, Limited, for which Mr J. A. Sligo, of Princes Street, Dunedin, is secretary. The dredge, which commenced operations in May, 1904, is a large machine with five-feet buckets, and the plant is driven by a sixteen horse-power Garrett engine. The claim consists of 100 acres, part of which is freehold, and part mining leasehold.
, Dredge Master of the Waikaia Dredge, was born in 1866, at Ballarat, Victoria. He came to Dunedin in 1880, attended the Normal School, and was trained as a boilermaker and iron ship builder, at Kincaid and McQueen's foundry, but he subsequently gained two years' experience at Mort's Docks, Sydney, and with other firms in South Australia. Mr Sligo worked on the West Australian goldfields, for six years, and was prospecting in the north of South Australia, before returning to New Zealand, where, with five partners, he built and worked the Tuapeka dredge. Mr Sligo was master of the Macraes dredge; he subsequently became inspector for the Otago Gold Prospecting Syndicate, and nine months later accepted a similar position for the Zealandia Syndicate. He was then dredgemaster of the Ahaura dredge, the Aldinga dredge, and the No Town No. 2 dredge, successively, before being appointed to his present position. Mr Sligo married the daughter of Mr Robert Elder, coach-builder, Mosgiel, and has two sons and one daughter.
, Engineer of the Muddy Creek Dredge, Waikaia, is the third son of Mr J. F. Collins, settler, and was born at Clovelley Farm, New River, in 1867. He was educated at the Southland Boys' High School, worked upon his father's farm for two years, after, which he was apprenticed to Messrs Joseph Johnson and Sons, of the Vulcan Foundry, Invercargill, where he learned the trade of a mechanical engineer. In 1893, he joined the Southland Frozen Meat Company as third engineer at its works at Mataura, and in 1895, he was promoted to second engineer at the Mataura works. Mr Collins takes a great interest in athletic sports; was at one time deputy-captain of the Invercargill Football Club; was, when at school, champion of the Boys' High School sports, and, later on, winner of the high jump, at the Amateur Athletic Sports, at Invercargill; and captain of the Mataura Cycling Club. After leaving the freezing works, he took up his present appointment.
is the name of a railway siding on the Waimea Plains line. The district, which is devoted to farming, forms part of the Hokonui riding of the county of Southland, and of the electoral district of Wakatipu. The local post office is conducted at the school residence, and the average attendance of children at the public school is twenty-seven. The flag railway station is three miles from Riversdale, fifteen from Gore, and twenty-two from Lumsden, and stands at an elevation of 374 feet above the sea level. Pyramid district is entirely given up to farming; the population at the siding in 1901 was ninety-four, while there were sixteen additional in the locality of Pyramid bridge over the Mataura river, which flows through the settlement.
, Farmer, “Brooklands,” Pyramid. Mr Heenan was born at Burr, King's County, Ireland, in 1849, and was brought by his parents to Port Chalmers in 1851 in the ship “Mariner.” The family settled at North East Valley, and later on removed to the Taieri. After some years spent on his father's farm, and on other farms, Mr Heenan took up “Brooklands,” which comprises 300 acres, close to Pyramid siding, and which he devotes to dairying. He also owns “Bannockburn,” of 146 acres, in the same district, which is occupied by one of his sons, and a third farm of 200 acres in the Rivers-dale district, named “Ballyhooley,” is let to a tenant for dairying. Mr Heenan was for many years a member of the Presbyterian church committee at Riversdale, and also of the school committee there, and he now is a member of the Pyramid school committee. He was married, in 1870, to a daughter of the late Mr John Styles, of
, Farmer, Pyramid. Mr Reid was born in 1857 at Eday, one of the Orkney Islands, and was brought up to farming. He came to Southland about 1876, and spent the first few years after his arrival in farm work and nursery gardening. In 1881 he took up a farm of 210 acres, under the deferred payment system, and afterwards acquired his present property of 155 acres of leasehold. Mr Reid has thoroughly cultivated his farm, and in his garden he has a splendid grape vine, which ripens its fruit in the open air. There are also about twenty bushes of heather, two of which produce white flowers, although taken off the ordinary pink heather. Mr Reid paid a flying visit to the Old Country some years ago. He is chairman of the Riversdale branch of the Farmers' Union, and a member of the Southland Executive of the same organisation, and he has been a member of Loyal Riversdale Lodge, Manchester Unity. Independent Order of Oddfellows, since its inception. He was at one time a lieutenant in the Riversdale Rifles, and was a member of the first Riversdale school committee, and of the first Presbyterian church committee in the same district. Mr Reid was married, in 1898, to a daughter of the late Mr Donald Munro, an old settler in the Riversdale district, and has two daughters.
is entirely a farming district, which is traversed by the Waimea Plains railway. The local railway station is eleven miles from Gore, seven from Riversdale, and twenty-six from Lumsden, and stands 335 feet above the level of the sea. The population of the township, in 1901, was 129, and there were seventy-nine additional at Mandeville road. There is a a large flour and oatmeal mill in the settlement, which has also an hotel, two stores, a butchery, and a blacksmith's shop. The local school has an average attendance of twenty-eight. There is a small Anglican church, which is under the care of the clergyman residing at Gore. The Roman Catholics hold services in the schoolroom.
is conducted at Mr J. C. McKenzie's store adjoining the railway siding.
, who acts as Postmaster at Mandeville, carries on business as a general merchant, and is also agent for the district for the New Zealand Insurance Company, and for the Otago Daily Times, Otago Witness, and Weekly Press. He was born in 1877, at Pukerau, where his father was a farmer, and after leaving school was employed for four years with Mr Joseph Heherr, baker, Gore. He then worked for three years on Knapdale station, and for a like period on Wantwood station; and was afterwards employed with a boring machine in gold prospecting on the West Coast. On leaving the West Coast, Mr McKenzie settled at Mandeville and bought his present business, in which he has been very successful. Mr McKenzie is a vice-president of the Mandeville Cricket Club, and is also a member of the local school committee.
is about equi-distant—ten miles—from Gore and Riversdale,
, Farmer, “Winning Park,” Otama. Mr Dillon was born at Courtwood, Queen's County, Ireland, in 1846, and was brought up to farming. He arrived in Australia in 1862, visited New Zealand the following year, and on his return to Australia followed the diggings for some years in various parts of the country. In 1877, Mr Dillon finally settled in New Zealand, and took up land at Gore. He afterwards sold his Gore property and bought “Winning Park,” a compact farm of 400 acres at Otama, where he carries on mixed farming, and he also owns another farm of about 500 acres near Riversdale. Mr Dillon has been a member of the Otama and Croydon school committees. He was married, in 1876, to a daughter of the late Mr Thomas Ree, of Caithness, Scotland, and has eight sons.
, Farmer “Lynwilg,” Otama. Mr McBain was born in the parish of Alvie, Inverness-shire, Scotland, in 1843, was educated at Baldow, and arrived in Melbourne in 1862, by the ship “Lightning.” He was engaged in goldmining for some time at the Charters Towers “rush,” Port Darwin, and through the Gulf of Carpentaria. Mr McBain owned an hotel in Victoria for about two years, and in 1876 he came to New Zealand, and took up 400 acres of land at Otama; but he has since increased his area to 556 acres, and devotes his land to sheepfarming. Mr McBain has been a member of the Otama school committee since 1873, and he is also a member of the Otama branch of the Farmers' Union, and of the committee of the Otama Presbyterian church. He was married, in 1876, to a daughter of the late Mr Angus McEachem, sheepfarmer, Victoria, and has a family of seven sons and five daughters.
is in the Awarua electorate, and in the Awarua riding of the county of Southland, and had a population of 153 at the census of 1901. It is an agricultural and dairying district, and it has, also, extensive fellmongeries. As its name implies, it is a bush district, but most of the timber has been cut out, and rich farming lands are seen on every side. Myross Bush has a public school and post office, but the nearest railway station is that at Mill road, on the main line of railway, between Invercargill and Dunedin. The station is only four miles from Invercargill, and stands at an elevation of fifty-six feet above sea level. Myross Bush is the headquarters of the Presbyterian minister of the Waikiwi district, and it has a commodious church and manse.
was established in 1884, and has been conducted at the schoolhouse since 1896. Miss Elizabeth McLean, who is in charge of the public school, acts as postmistress, and mails are received, and despatched, on Tuesdays and Fridays.
was established in the seventies, but the old schoolhouse was burned down about 1884. The present building, which is of wood and iron, contains a class-room and porch; it has accommodation for about eighty children, and there is an average attendance of thirty. There is a good playground with a shelter-shed and a school residence of two stories.
, Headmistress of the Myross Bush School, was born at Merton, near Waitati. She was educated at the Merton and
Seacliff schools, and afterwards studied at the Normal Training College, Dnnedin. Miss McLean gained her D2 certificate, and then became temporary assistant at the Gore school.
(Walter Taylor and Charles Alfred Wallis), Fellmongers and Woolscourers, Myross Bush. These large works were established in 1895, and the business has been conducted by the present proprietors since 1898. The land comprises two acres of freehold, and there are buildings of wood and iron. The drying-shed contains three floors each 140 by 30 feet, and the pelt shed is 30 by 40 feet. There are departments for drying, pulling, curing, scouring, together with lime and engine sheds, stables and offices. The engine is of eight horse-power, supplied from a high pressure boiler, and there is a hydro-extractor and also a centrifugal pump for lifting water, of which there is an ample supply, to all parts of the works. About 80,000 skins and 1,500 bales of wool are treated at the works yearly.
, the Senior Partner, was born in 1870, in Dunedin. He was educated at Shotover, and learned his trade under Messrs R. and F. Wallis, at Gore. Mr Taylor is a member of the Myross school committee, and served for three years as a volunteer in the Gore Rifles. He was married, in 1898, to a daughter of the late Mr Andrew Aitkin, Waikaka Valley, and has two sons.
, Of the firm of Taylor and Company, Myross Bush, was born in 1878, at Gore, where he was educated and brought up as a fellmonger. He served for over three years as a volunteer in the Gore Rifles, and was also a member of the Gore Lodge of Oddfellows Mr Wallis was married, in May, 1899, to a daughter of Mr W. H. Wood, and has two daughters. His house stands upon five acres of land on the main road at Myross Bush.
, Farmer, Herne Hill, Myross Bush. This property consists of 233 acres of freehold, and is worked as a mixed farm. The land has been farmed since 1883, when the part new occupied by the homestead was dense bush. The whole estate has been very much improved. Mrs Simon, who is a daughter of the late Mr W. Thomas, was born on Stewart Island, and was educated at Riverton. She was married, in 1872, to Mr John Nonnet Simon, and has, surviving, five daughters and five sons, besides two grandchildren.
, Farmer, “Springwell,” Myross Bush. Mr Wilson was born in 1845, in Londonderry, Ireland, where he was brought up to farming. He came out to Queensland in 1864, and two years later removed to Victoria. In 1867, he arrived in New Zealand, and engaged in mining on the West Coast; but, a year later, removed to Waipori, Otago, where he again worked as a miner. Mr Wilson was afterwards, employed on the railway in the Oamaru district, and subsequently started farming at Maere-whenua. Two years later he removed to Southland, and in 1886 settled at Myross Bush, where he purchased seventy-nine acres of freehold, which has been fully improved. Mr Wilson was married, in 1883, to a daughter of the late Mr William Mulholland, of Eden, County Derry, Ireland. His wife died in September, 1897, leaving two sons.
was born in Sydney, New South Wales, in 1811. His father was a soldier in the 17th Light Dragoons, and served as orderly to Governors Bligh, King, and Macquarie. One day while Governor Macquarie's wife was driving out, the coachman drove over and killed one of the orderly's boys, a child of two, which so affected the father that he left Sydney, and went to Tasmania, where he died. It is said that Governor Macquarie made a grant of land to Mr Thomas, as some compensation for the loss of his child; and as this land has not been secured yet, Mrs Simon's family would seem to have a claim to it Be this as it may, Mrs Simon's father, while a mere boy, ran away from school, went to sea, and found employment in whaling. He was one of those who became associated with Stewart Island in the very early days, when he settled at the Neck, and afterwards had land at Pegasus. He engaged for many years in whaling, and settled down in his old age at Herne Hill, Myross bush. Mr Thomas was married, in 1842, on the occasion of the first visit of Bishop Selwyn, to a chieftainess of one of the native tribes of New Zealand. His wife was related to the celebrated chief Hoani Tu-hawa-iki, who was known, in the playful vernacular of the whalers, as “Bloody Jack.” In reality, Tu-hawa-iki was a brave, wise and moderate-minded man, and a strong friend to the pioneer colonists of southern New Zealand. He was born on the islet of Tauhinu, now known as Inchclutha. Dr Hocken, in his invaluable Early History of New Zealand, says that Tu-hawa-iki “was a most intelligent and agreeable native, and possessed considerable influence far and near with his countrymen. His signature appears first on the deed of purchase of the Otakou block, and to his influence, the amicable and speedy character of the final arrangements was principally due. He little deserved, and was, indeed, ashamed of the sobriquet applied to him by the whalers—Bloody Jack—which was derived from the fact that, as a bold warrior, he had been in the constant habit of drilling his followers at the the time when the fierce Ruaperaha made his bloody raids upon the inhabitants
It Was In The Year 1866 that the first settler took up his land at Rakahouka. This pioneer was the late Mr Thomas Fleming, whose sons are well known in Southland, and two of whom are still extensive farmers in the district. Rakahouka is in the Awarua riding of the county of Southland, and at the census of 1901, it had a population of sixty. It is reached by a good road from One Tree Point railway station, through Roslyn Bush, from which it is two miles distant. The road diverges at Rakahouka to Grove Bush, two miles in a north-westerly direction, and to Mabel Bush, about five miles in a north-easterly direction. There is no school or post office in the district, and Roslyn Bush serves the settlers in these connections. Rakahouka has a Roman Catholic church so centrally situated, that it is a landmark which is seen for many miles around. As an agricultural and pastoral district, Rakahouka is well known throughout Southland.
, Farmer, Rakahouka. The property owned by Mr Fleming is from 1,600 to 1,700 acres in extent, and is devoted to general farming. Mr Fleming runs crossbred sheep on his farm, and is a breeder of light horses, with which he has been successful in taking a number of prizes. He is further referred to as a member of the Southland County Council.
, who died at Rakahouka in 1893, came of an old Lanarkshire family of farmers. Before emigrating to New Zealand, Mr Fleming farmed for some years on his own account. He landed at the Bluff in December, 1862, by the ship “Storm Cloud,” accompanied by his family, and after four years at Mabel Bush, bought 320 acres of land at Rakahouka. To this property he added so considerably as to increase the area to 1,500 acres, and he also acquired 1,800 acres at Makarewa. Mr Fleming was a pioneer settler in the Rakahouka district. He took no part in local politics, but spent all his energy in developing his land. He was married, in 1841, to a daughter of Mr Scoullar, of Lanarkshire, and had a family of live sons and five daughters, of whom one son and one daughter died. His widow is still (1904) hale and hearty, although eighty-four years of age.
lies between Rakahouka and Mabel Bush, and extends to, and beyond, the Maka-rewa stream. It is partly in the Awarua, Hokonui, and Wallacetown ridings of the county of Southland, and also partly in the electoral districts of Awarua and Mataura. At the census of 1901, the population of the district was: twenty in the Awarua riding, twenty-five in the Hokonui riding, and thirty-nine in the Wallacetown riding. Grove Bush is two miles from Rakahouka, four miles from Roslyn Bush, six miles from Woodlands, and twelve miles from the Forest Hill railway station. Though partly on both sides of the picturesque Makarewa river, the district is not served by a bridge in that connection. In addition to agriculture and sheep-farming, the district has flaxmills and sawmills. The residents have to travel to Rakahouka and Roslyn Bush for church services, but there is a public school, which is said to have been in operation since 1864, but which had an average attendance of only fifteen in 1904. The postal department has been represented at Grove Bush since 1875, and two mails are received and despatched weekly. The country is decidedly undulating, and the native bush is rapidly passing away.
(Kilkelly Brothers, proprietors), Grove Bush, This mill was established in 1899. The building is a wooden structure and contains two portable steam engines, of fifteen horse-power in all, with two sawing and cross-cutting punching and plaining machines, and there is also a five horse-power hauling engine. The bush now being worked consists of 700 acres of freehold, and there is a tramway three miles in length. The output of the mill is about 60,000 feet of timber a month, and eight men are employed.
, Senior Partner of the firm of Kilkelly Brothers, was born in October, 1870, at Grove Bush, where he was educated and brought up to a country life. He was for many years employed in road contracting and sawmilling, and, in conjunction with his brothers, established the Grove Bush mill, in 1899, Mr Kilkelly was married, in 1904, to a daughter of Mr Patrick Ryan, of Oreti Mains.
was born in January, 1880, at Grove Bush, where he was educated and brought up to country life. He joined his brothers in establishing the Grove Bush sawmill in 1899.
was born in June, 1882, at Grove Bush, where he was educated. He followed an outdoor life until joining his brothers in partnership in 1899.
, Farmer, Grove Bush. Mr Ross was born in 1868, at Myross Bush, where he was educated and brought up to farming. He worked with his father, the late Mr John Ross, until the latter's death in 1897. His farm consists of 450 acres of freehold land. Mr Ross was married, in December, 1900, to a daughter of Mr Michael Leonard, of West Plains, and has one son.
is the name of a postal district, which includes the townships of Clapham and Brunswick, and the district of One Tree Point. The main road from Invercargill northward through Woodlands and Edendale traverses the district, and also the Invercar-gill-Dunedin railway line. One Tree Point is the name of the flag station, six miles from Invercargill, and stands at an elevation of fifty-four feet above sea level. The district known by this name is in the Waihopai riding of the county of Southland, and, at the census of 1901, had a population of fifty-two. The township of Brunswick is also in the same riding, and had a population of eighty-three, while the township of Kennington is in the Awarua riding of the same county, and had a population of fifty-six at the last census, with an additional twelve in the immediate vicinity. The whole district is in the electorate of Awarua. The community is chiefly agricultural and pastoral, but the district has also a fellmongery, an edge-tool factory, a flaxmill, and a creamery. The public school has ninety-three names on its roll, with an average attendance of seventy-nine. A convenient public hall was erected in 1903, and there is also a Primitive Methodist church in the locality. The local post office dates from 1887, and the telephone from 1892. Two mails are received, and despatched, daily, at Kennington.
(Joseph Irving, proprietor), Blacksmiths and Edge Tool Makers, Kennington; Cutlery Works, Kennington. This firm was established in 1897 by Messrs Joseph and John Irving, but the latter retired in 1903. The premises. which measure 60 feet by 40 feet, stand on a freehold section of half an acre, and contain three forges, a five horsepower engine and boiler, emery stones, boring and other machinery. All kinds of edge tools are manufactured, including hedge-slashers, bush-hooks, bill-hooks, firemen's hatchets, and other implements. The output is sold chiefly to wholesale merchants throughout the colony.
was Lorn in 1864, in Victoria, and has resided in New Zealand since he was two years old. He was educated at Roslyn Bush, and followed farming until starting his present business untill 1897.
(John Matheson, proprietor) Fellmongers and Wool Scourers, One Tree Point, Kennington. This fellmongery was originally established by Mr Matheson in conjunction with a partner in 1888, at Woodlands, but in 1894 the firm acquired a freehold of eight acres on the banks of the Waihopai river. There are extensive wood and iron buildings, including wool sorting, scouring and washing, drying and packing and pulling departments. A tramway connects the works with the One Tree Point railway station. The pelts are cured and packed in casks for the London market. The plant includes a patent hydro-extractor, a brick drying kiln heated by coke fuel, and the necessary machinery for curing pelts. There are three large drying floors, each seventy-five feet by thirty feet in measurement, and about thirteen men are regularly employed. From 1,500 to 2,000 bales of wool, and 200 casks of pelts, are turned out of the works yearly.
, Sole Proprietor, of the firm of J. Matheson and Co, was born in November, 1858, at Mauritius. His father was a sea captain, and landed at Port Chalmers with his family in 1862. Mr Matheson was educated at Kakanui, where he was brought up as a fellmonger. With a partner, he established his present business in 1888, but has conducted it on his own account since 1892. Mr Matheson has been a member of the Kennington school committee since 1898, and has acted as secretary most of the time. He was married, in February, 1892, to a daughter of the Rev. Thomas Alexander, of Woodlands, and has three sons, and one daughter.
(William Cruikshank, proprietor), Kennington. This mill was established in 1902, and the building, which is of wood and iron, stands on a site of thirty acres of leasehold. There is a complete plant, which is driven by a sixteen horse-power engine, and twelve men are employed. The output of the mill supplies the Rosedale Twine Factory, which is referred to elsewhere in this volume. Mr Henry Bloomfield is manager of the mill.
, Farmer, “Brunswick,” Kennington. Mr Dawson was born in April, 1856, in Tasmania, where he was brought up to farming. In 1877 he came to Southland with his father, the late Mr
, Easthope, Farm, Mill Road, Kennington. Mr Harris was born in 1851, in Shropshire, England, where he was educated and brought up to farming. He came to New Zealand by the ship “Jessie Readman,” in 1874, and was employed for the next two years at Powell-town, South Invercargill. Subsequently he resided at Otatara Bush, and at Five Rivers and Dome. In 1881, Mr Harris settled at Mill Road, where he purchased an acre and three-quarters of land, on which he has built his homestead, and he now owns 186 acres of freehold, and 139 acres of leasehold, land, on which he conducts a large dairy business. Thirty-five cows are in milk and two carts are employed in delivering the milk in Invercargill. Mr Harris was for a time a member of the Order of Druids. He was married, in 1876, to a daughter of Mr Thomas Hughes, of Richmond Grove, Invercargill, and has six sons and eight daughters.
, Settler, Kennington. Mr Shand was born in 1852, at Cabrach, Aberdeenshire, Scotland, where he was brought up to farming. He came to New Zealand in 1875, worked on a farm at Centre Bush for four or five years, and then started sawmilling in the Winton district. A few years later, Mr Shand acquired a farm at Benmore, in the same district, but gave it up to take a property at Myross Bush, where he remained for six years. In 1898 Mr Shand gave up farming, and came to reside at Kennington, where he has been a member of the school committee since his arrival in the district. He was married, in 1880, to Miss Brown, of County Galway, Ireland, and has four sons and two daughters.
, Farmer, One Tree Point, Kennington. Mr Welsh was born at Queenstown, County Cork, Ireland, and went to sea at an early age in the barque “Mary Queen of Scots.” He left the sea about 1856, landed in Melbourne, and started work as a waggoner on the roads in Victoria. After spending six years at this work, Mr Welsh came to New Zealand, and was at the Gabriel's Gully, Fox's, and Nokomai diggings. In 1863, he removed to Southland, and was for about eight years on the Croydon, Knapdale, and Wantwood stations, before taking up his present property of 140 acres at Kennington, in 1871. Mr Welsh married a daughter of the late Mr D. Morton, of Oteramika Gorge, but his wife died some years ago.
, Farmer, “Mount Pleasant,” One Tree Point, Kennington. Mr Wilson's father is a very old resident of the district, and the tree from which the district is named stood on his farm of ninety-five acres, which his son now holds. Mr W. Wilson was born at One Tree Point in 1865, educated at the Rimu school, and brought up on his father's farm. He has spent all his life on this farm, which is part of a much larger area selected by his father. Mr Wilson has been a member of Court Star of the South, Ancient Order of Foresters, Invercargill, for about seventeen years. He was married, in 1887, to a daughter of Mr Hugh Harris, farmer, Limehills, and has a family of four sons and four daughters.
, who was well known in Southland as a sawmiller and farmer, was born in Tasmania, in 1837, soon after his father landed in that colony. He engaged in farming pursuits till 1877, when he came to Southland and took up eighty acres of land at Seaward Bush. In 1884, he purchased thirty-eight acres at Brunswick, Kennington, where he erected a sawmill, connecting it with his property at Seaward Bush by tramway. When the bush on both properties had been cut, Mr Dawson worked the land as a mixed farm, until his death at the end of 1900. He was married, in 1855, to Miss Thompson, of Tasmania. His wife died in 1891, leaving six sons and seven daughters.
in this district is centrally situated about three miles from One Tree Point railway station, on the Dunedin-Invercargill line of railway. The surrounding country is gently undulating, and includes large areas of rich, agricultural land. The main road that leads from the railway and on through the Raka-houka to Grove Bush, on the one hand, and to Mabel Bush, on the other, passes through the settlement, which has a public school, and a hall for public meetings. The district, which is eight miles by a good road from Invercargill, is in the Awarua riding of the county of Southland, and in the electoral district of Awarua. At the census of 1901, the population of Roslyn Bush, understood as the local post office and adjacent houses, was only eleven, while that on the Roslyn plains numbered 119 souls.
was established in the seventies and is conducted at “Calvertholm,” the residence of Mr James Calvert. Mails are received and despatched twice weekly.
, who acts as Postmaster at Roslyn Bush, is a son of the late Mr J. C. M. Calvert, and was born in the district in 1866. He was educated at the local school, and was brought up to farming by his father, whom he succeeded at postmaster in 1892, and from whom he inherited a property of 240 acres of freehold, which he has since farmed. Mr Calvert served for two years in the Southland Mounted Rifles, and he is a member of the Roslyn Bush school committee, of which he has been chairman. He was married, in 1894, to a daughter of the late Mr John Henry Dawson, of “Brunswick,” Kennington, and has one son and three daughters.
, Farmer, “Lindwood,” Roslyn Bush. “Lindwood” consists of 335 acres of freehold, and 165 acres of leasehold land. When purchased by the proprietor, two-thirds of the land was in a state of nature, but has since been brought under cultivation. Mr Halliday was born in Midlothian, Scotland, in 1841, and was brought up to farming in Berwickshire. He came to New Zealand in 1861, and worked for six years in goldmining at Gabriel's Gully, the Dunstan, Lake Hindon, and on the West Coast. He afterwards settled at Roslyn Bush, where he bought 214 acres of land, which he farmed for ten years, and in 1877 acquired “Lindwood,” where he devotes himself to mixed farming. Mr Halliday was a member of the Lyndhurst Road Board for twenty-two years, and served for some years on the Roslyn school committee. He was married, in 1879, to a daughter of the late Mr J. C. M. Calvert, of Roslyn Bush, and has, surviving, four sons and three daughters.
, Farmer, Roslyn Plains, Roslyn Bush. Mr Irving was born in 1830, in Dumfries-shire, Scotland, where he was brought up to farming. In 1854 he he arrived in Victoria, where he worked for a time on the diggings before coming to New Zealand in 1862. Mr Irving followed mining for several years, and was at Gabriel's Gully and Hartley and Riley goldfields; but in 1865 he took up 120 acres of freehold and 290 acres of leasehold land at Roslyn Plains. The land was then in its native state, but has since been brought into thorough cultivation. Mr Irving served for a term as a member of the Lyndhurst Road Board. He was for twenty years treasurer of the Roslyn Plains school committee, and has been for many years connected with the Southland Agricultural and Pastoral Association, of which he has been, successively, director, vice-president, and president. Mr Irving was married, in Victoria, to a daughter of the late Mr William Stewart, of Oban, Scotland. His wife died in 1879, leaving six sons and two daughters.
who was a well-known settler in the Roslyn Bush district, was born in 1828, in Dumfriesshire, Scotland, where he was brought up as a wheelwright and joiner. He came out to Victoria in 1854, and engaged in mining on the Ballarat, Beach worth and the Ovens diggings. Mr Calvert came
, as the name of the district, is said to have originated with the waggoners who, in the old days, travelled from Dunedin to Invercargill, and used the term as an indication of the length and weariness of the journey. The main southern railway line passes through the district, which has now only a flag statton, though there was at one time a stationmaster: Long Bush is nine miles distant by road and rail from Invercargill, and the flag station stands at an elevation of eighty-eight feet above sea level. Part of the district is in the Waihopai, and part in the Awarua, riding of the county of Southland. The population of the township, at the census of 1901, was 124, and there were twenty-six in the vicinity, all in the Waihopai riding; while that portion of the township which lies in the Awarua riding had a population of ninety-one, and forty-eight additional in the vicinity. The whole district is in the Awarua electorate. Long Bush district has sawmills, extensive brick and tile works, and a flaxmill. The public school stands off the main road, and the local post office, formerly conducted at the railway station, is now under the charge of a postmistress. Much of the original native bush has been cleared away from the land, which is generally level, and in a high state of cultivation. The timber yard at the railway station is connected by a tramway with the Long Bush sawmill, three miles distant.
was established in the early seventies, and occupies a section of about twelve acres on the main east road, ten miles from Invercargill. The original buildings have entirely disappeared, and have been replaced by a commodious school and a six-roomed residence for the teacher. The site is one of the best in the district.
, F.E.I.S., who has been Headmaster of the Long Bush Public School since 1886, is a native of Montrose, Scotland, where he served his apprenticeship as a pupilteacher under Mr Menzies, of St. John's. Before entering the Normal School, Edinburgh, he acted for some time as first assistant to Mr Cunningham, Lockerbie Institution, Dumfries shire. He distinguished himself at Moray House Training College, and secured a full teacher's drawing certificate and Queen's. Prize for Animal Physiology. Afterwards, he held the position of headmaster of the Free Church Institution, Girvan, Ayrshire, for several years, and during that time was elected a Fellow of the Educational Institute of Scotland. Mr Stott came to Dunedin, in 1874, by the s.s. “Taupo,” under engagement to the Otago Education Board. He had charge of the Kensington School, Dunedin, for several years; was then appointed headmaster of the Ashburton Borough Schools, and held the position for about four years. On returning to Dunedin, he acted as first assistant at Kaikorai for some time before his appointment to Long Bush. In Dunedin he attended the Otago University classes for Latin, Mathematics, Chemistry, and Mental Science, and took the first section of his B.A. degree. He is a member of the New Zealand Educational Institute. Mr Stott married, in 1879, the only daughter of John Sinclair, Esquire, Mount Clifton, Waitati; but his wife died at Long Bush in 1893, leaving three sons and one daughter to mourn their loss.
, Apiarist and Orchardist, Broadleaf Apiary, Long Bush. Mr Froggatt commenced bee farming in 1879, with two hives, and has gradually increased his stock, until, in 1904, he had 275 boxes, partly of the Langstroth, and partly of his own design. Between seven and eight thousand pounds weight of honey have been produced in a single year. Mr Froggatt has also a very fine variety of fruit trees, chiefly apples, and as much as three tons of fruit have been gathered in a season. The property consists of twenty-six acres of freehold, charmingly situated amidst native bush. Mr Froggatt was born in 1847, in Shropshire, England, where
he was educated and brought up on his father's farm. He arrived at Port Chalmers in 1864, by the ship “Ajmeer,” settled in Southland, and worked for a time at Edendale station, and was afterwards in Invercargill. He worked a small farm at Kennington for several years, and was subsequently employed in sawmilling and flax-milling. At a later period Mr Froggatt commenced farming at the Ridge, Long Bush, but sold out and bought his present property in 1896. He was married, in 1901, to a daughter of the
(Braud, Small and Company, proprietors), Long Bush. This mill was erected in 1892. It is constructed of wood and iron, and contains breaking-down and breast benches, with planing and moulding machines. The machinery is driven by a sixteen horse-power steam engine, and the output is about 5,000 feet of dressed and undressed timber per day. Twenty-two persons are employed at the mill, which is connected by tramway with a yard at the Long Bush railway station, three miles distant.
, Manager of the Long Bush Sawmill, was born in the district in 1871. He was educated at Rimu, and was brought up to the sawmilling trade at Brunswick. Mr McLeay has been employed at the Long Bush Mill since 1894, and became working manager in 1902.
, Farmer, Long Bush, Mr Colwill was born at Alternun, Cornwall, England, in 1856, and brought up to farming. He arrived at the Bluff in 1879, and immediately started work on a farm, and was afterwards employed for a short time at a sawmill. Subsequently Mr Colwill took up a farm of 215 acres at Forest Hill, where he remained for about six years, and in 1892, he acquired his present farm of 100 acres at Long Bush, which he has increased to 289 acres, and where he carries on mixed farming. Mr Colwill was a member of the Makarewa River Board; he served on the Long Bush school committee for eleven years, and is a church steward of the Primitive Methodist church at Kennington, where he is also superindent of the Sunday school. He was married, in July, 1888, to a daughter of Mr James Adamson, farmer, Grove Bush, and has one son and four daughters.
, Farmer, “Meadowbank,” Long Bush. Mr Evans was born at Ashford, in Shropshire, England, in 1876, and educated partly at the parish school, and partly at a boarding school at Little Hereford. He engaged in farm work until coming to New Zealand in 1889, and in 1892, he he and his brother, Mr T. Evans, took up “Meadowbank,” a farm of 467 acres, which they held jointly until 1897, when they divided the place and dissolved partnership. Mr Louis Evans has been a director of the Woodlands Saleyards Company, Limited, since its inception. He was married in January, 1903, to a daughter of Mr J. Laidlaw, senior, of Woodlands, and has one daughter.
, Farmer, “Mona Bush,” Long Bush. Mr McIntyre was born in 1857, in Perthshire, Scotland, and accompanied his father, the late Mr John McIntyre, to the Bluff, by the ship “Arima,” in 1864. He has farmed the Mona Bush property since his father's death in 1898. The farm consists of 554 acres of freehold, and fourteen acres of leasehold, and is devoted to mixed farming. Mr McIntyre is attached to the Shamrock, Rose, and Thistle Lodge of Oddfellows, Invercargill. He was married, in 1902, to a daughter of the late Mr Archibald Sellars, of Woodlands.
, Farmer, “Rozell Bush,” Long Bush. Mr McIntyre was born in 1851, in Perthshire, Scotland, and arrived at the Bluff, with his parents, by the ship “Arima,” in 1864. He was brought up to farming and worked on his father's farm—Mona Bush—till the latter's death in 1898, when he acquired his present property. “Rozell Bush” consists of 350 acres of freehold, including some fine bush, on which a sawmill commenced operations in 1904. Mr McIntyre is a member of the Long Bush school committee. He was married, in 1886, to a daughter of Mr James McKay, of “Bushy Park,” Long Bush, and has six sons and two daughters.
, Farmer, Long Bush. Mr Sadlier is a son of the late Mr Henry Sadlier, and was born in 1867, at Long Bush, where he was brought up to farming, and was employed at Forest Hill and Waianiwa for five years. He afterwards removed to Canterbury, where he resided for twelve months, and then returned to Long Bush; and in 1893 he took over his father's farm of 121 acres. Mr Sadlier is a member of the Order of Foresters at Woodlands.
, sometime of Long Bush, was born in 1826, in Perthshire, Scotland, where his father was a farmer and cattle dealer. He
Mr Joseph Faichney, of Perthshire, Scotland, and at his death in 1898, left two sons and two daughters. Mrs McIntyre, who was born in 1828, Survives her husband.
, sometime of Bushy Park, Long Bush, was born in the parish of Rogart, Sutherlandshire, Scotland, in 1830, and when he arrived at manhood he left his native land Mrs McKay. for Australia. He landed at Melbourne in 1852, when Victoria was in the full tide of its gold discoveries. Instead, however, of rushing to the diggings with the majority, young McKay entered the service of Mr Gray, a pastoralist, and remained with him for some time. Then he followed, in succession, various other occupations, but as he did not altogether like Victoria, he turned his attention to New Zealand, and arrived in Wellington in 1856. His desire was to secure land, and as nothing near Wellington satisfied him, he removed to Canterbury. There he remained for some time, chiefly in the neighbourhood of Christchurch, and took a contract to harvest one of the early crops of wheat grown in the settlement. As a reminiscence of the past, and a comparison with more modern methods, it may be observed that the grain was cut with a sickle. Once more Mr McKay took up his bed and walked—that is, he carried his swag southward from Christchurch, with a Portuguese as his mate, and at last found himself at Invercargill. He was three weeks on the journey, and some of the rivers on the way could not not be forded, but had to be swum, owing to their being in flood. It was still the year 1856 when Mr McKay reached Invercargill, and at the time of his arrival Mr J. T. Thomson was surveying the town. Mr McKay found employment in connection with the survey of the surrounding district, and while he was thus engaged he bought his land at Long Bush, and there, shortly afterwards, he began to make the home of all his later life. during 1858 and 1859 he paid brief business visits to Victoria, and had to travel overland from Long Bush to Port Chalmers, and then take passage in a sailing vessel bound for Sydney. While he was visiting Victoria, Mr McKay made the acquaintance of his future wife, and, after some of the wilderness at Long Bush had been reclaimed, and a house built, the bride-elect arrived in New Zealand. The young couple were married at Mr Finlayson's house
McKay became prosperous colonists, and the father and mother of five daughters and seven sons, two of whom—a son and a daughter—they lost by death. Mr McKay was one of the founders of the Long Bush Ploughing Match Association, and became an office-bearer of the Woodlands Presbyterian church, chairman of the school committee, a member of the Southland Caledonian Society, and a cordial supporter of the Pioneers' Association; and he was for several years chieftain of the Highland Society of Southland. Mr McKay died at Bushy Park, Long Bush, on the 6th of December, 1904, aged seventy-four years; and was survived by his wife, six sons, and four daughters.
, sometime of Long Bush, was born in 1827, at Carmichael, near Lanark, Scotland, where he was brought up to farming. He arrived at Port Chalmers by the ship “Bruce,” in 1860, and shortly afterwards took up land in the Long Bush district, where he had 121 acres of freehold, and nine acres of leasehold land. When taken up, it was almost covered with rugged bush, but Mr Sadlier lived to see it hrought to a good state of cultivation, and latterly, the farm was leased by one of his sons. Mr Sadlier was married, in 1857, to a daughter of the late Mr James Sorbie, of Lanarkshire, Scotland, and had four sons and three daughters. He died in January, 1905.
is on the main road from Kennington to Edendale and Fortrose, at the intersection of a road from Long Bush railway station to the sawmill. It is about a mile from the railway station, and lies between the brick and tile works and flaxmill, and the bush where sawmilling is still conducted. The township is in the Waihopai riding of the county of Southland, and in the electoral district of Awarua, and had a population of fifty-six at the census of 1901. Agriculture and sheepfarming are carried on in the locality. The local school is situated at the cross roads, and has an average attendance of about sixty. There is a library at the schoolhouse.
, Farmer, “Ardwell,” Rimu. Mr Cameron was born in 1842, in the parish of Fernitosh, Ross-shire, Scotland, where he was educated, and brought up to farming. He arrived at Dunedin in 1869, and worked in the Taieri district for two years. After a short time at the diggings, he took up a position as manager of Messrs Mathieson Brothers' station at Lake Wakatipu, where he remained five years. Mr Cameron acquired his present farm of seventy-three acres, which was then in its natural state, but which has now been improved, and brought under cultivation. Mr Cameron carries on mixed farming. He was married, in 1877, to a daughter of Mr M. Parker, farmer and dealer, of Wigton, and has two daughters and one son.
is a flourishing settlement on the main north road from Invercargill towards Dunedin, and is also served by the Invercargill-Dunedin line of railway. The district surrounding the township is devoted to agriculture and sheepfarming, and of the bush which originally covered the country, little is now left. Woodlands has a creamery, a stilton cheese factory, old and extensive meat works, a Hotel and three stores; and at the railway station the New Zealand Pine Company has a large timber yard, which is connected with the sawmill at Mabel Bush, whence it obtains its supplies. The local railway station is also a post and telephone office combined, and mails are received, and despatched daily. Woodlands is twelve miles from Invercargill, by a good cycling road or by railway, and the station stands at an elevation of 112 feet above sea level. The district is partly in the Waihopai, and partly in the Awarua, riding of the county of Southland. At the census of 1901, the population in the latter riding was 111, and in the former ninety-six, with forty-six additional persons in the vicinity. Woodlands is part of the Awarua electoral district.
was opened in 1873 by the Rev. Mr. Stobo, of Invercargill. Accommodation is provided for 200 worshippers, who have the assistance of a good choir and organ. Services are also held at the Mabel Bush church
, Minister of the Presbyterian Church, Woodlands, who is the third son of Mr. Simon Bissett, farmer, was born at Knockbain, Ross-shire, Scotland, in 1855. Educated primarily at the Free Church school, Nairn, and Forres Academy, he proceeded to Glasgow University, where he went through his arts course, and studied theology at the Free Church College, as well as at the English Presbyterian College, London. In 1882, Mr. Bissett was licensed by the Presbytery of London, and sailed for Sydney by the s s. “John Elder.” On his arrival in New South Wales he was ordained and inducted Into charge of the Presbyterian church at Cooma, where he ministered until 1886. Mr. Bissett then revisited Scotland in consequence of his wife's health and in 1893 arrived in Dunedin, where he was appointed by the session of Knox church to undertake the pastoral work of the congregation during a vacancy; and, in 1894, was inducted into his present charge.
, sometime minister of the Woodlands Presbyterian church, was born in Ayr, Scotland, in 1824. He received his primary education in his native town, and subsequently became a student at Glasgow University, where he went through his arts course, and finally studied theology at the Free Church College of Edinburgh. In 1855, Mr. Alexander was licensed by the Presbytery of Ayr, and was appointed to a Free Church station in the town of Dumfries, where he ministered for five years. He sailed from Glasgow by the ship “Electric” for Port Chalmers, and on arrival in Otago was sent to Riverton to take temporary charge; and in 1864 was ordained and inducted to the Woodlands church, where he worked diligently until 1887. Mr. Alexander was married, in 1867, to Alice, daughter of Mrs Jane Taylor, of Dunedin, and died in the year 1900.
, Carpenter, Woodlands. Mr Watson is a son of the late Mr Douglas Watson, sometime manager of the Woodlands Meat Preserving Works, and was born in Banffshire, Scotland, in 1862. He accompanied his parents to Port Chalmers, in 1865, by the ship “E. P. Bouverie,” was educated at Balclutha and Woodlands, learned the trade of a carpenter at Mataura, and was subsequently employed for six years at the Woodlands Meat Preserving Works. After some time at the Croydon Meat Works, near Gore, Mr Watson returned to Woodlands, where he bought three acres of freehold in the township, and leased two acres adjoining, where he has since resided. Mr Watson is connected with the local Jodge of Foresters. He was married, in 1894, to a daughter of the late Mr Michael O'Grady, of County Clare, Ireland, and has one son.
, Coachbuilder and Wheelwright, Woodlands. Mr Heads was born in 1871, in Dunedin, where he was educated and learned his trade, and afterwards worked as a journeyman. He was subsequently employed at his trade at Gore, and at Waikiwi, before settling at Woodlands. Mr Heads has leased the coachbuilding department of Mr Leith's business at Woodlands, and undertakes all classes of coachbuilding and repairing work. He is connected with Court Star of the Forest, Ancient Order of Foresters, Woodlands. Mr Heads married a daughter of Mr D. Jones, of Melbourne, and has three sons and one daughter.
, Coachbuilder and General Blacksmith, Woodlands. Mr Leith's business, which is the only one of its kind in the district, was established in the seventies. The smithy contains two forges, and there is also a coachbuilding department, which is leased by Mr A. Heads. These buildings, together with Mr Leith's private residence, stand on a site of one acre of freehold land, but the proprietor has eighteen acres altogether in four sections, which are all separate. Mr Leith was born in 1863, in Perthshire, Scotland, and came to New Zealand with his parents, in 1874, by the ship “Maria Bhan.” He learned the blacksmithing trade under Mr John Henderson, of Maerewhenua; near Oamaru, and was afterwards in business for a time at Ngapara. Mr Leith afterwards settled in Woodlands, where he entered into partnership with Mr Duncan McKenzie, and acquired the present business under the style of McKenzie and Leith. Six years later Mr Leith bought his partner's interest. Mr Leith has served for some years as chairman of the Woodlands school committee, and as director and treasurer of the Woodlands Saleyards Company. He was married, in 1888, to a daughter of Mr John Pringle, of Livingstone, North Otago, and has four sons and one daughter.
, Rabbit Contractor, Woodlands. Mr Dewe was born in Berkshire, England, in 1870, and arrived in Otago, with his parents, at the age of five years. He was educated at the public schools at Edendale and Woodlands, afterwards worked upon a farm for six years, and since that time has been engaged in the rabbit and meat preserving trade. He is a member of Lodge Star of the Forest, Ancient Order of Foresters, and has filled the office of sub-chief ranger. Mr Dewe was married, in 1896, to Lucy, daughter of Mr Charles Wyeth, of Woodlands.
(O. W. Oldham, proprietor), Woodlands. The Meat Preserving Works at Woodlands are said to have been the first established in New Zealand. They were worked for years by the New Zealand Meat Preserving Company, and the premises were leased by Mr Oldham in 1901. There are a good many large wood and iron buildings in connection with the establishment, which stands on part of 125 acres of land in the township. The most modern plant has just been erected, and the annual output amounts to 10,000 cases of canned rabbit, 4,000 cases of meat, and 20,000 cases of frozen rabbit. About one hundred persons are employed in the industry, exclusive of trappers, carters, and agents.
, Orchardist and Fruit Grower, Woodlands. Mr Black was born on the 7th of October 1834, in Argyleshire, Scotland, where he was brought up to farming. He came out to Australia in 1866, and six years later crossed over to New Zealand, and settled in the Woodlands district. He was employed at the meat works there for ten years, and afterwards purchased two acres of heavy bush land, and fifteen perches in the township, in which he built a hut. At first he intended the place merely as a home for odd occasions; but in his spare time he cleared the land and planted it with fruit trees, which now yield many tons of fruit every year.
, Gardener, Woodlands. Mr Wyeth was born in 1843, in Wellington, where he was educated. He was afterwards employed in farm work with his brother at the Upper Hutt, and in 1870 removed to Southland, where he has since resided. He acquired his present property, consisting of twenty-four acres of freehold, in 1876, and has since devoted himself to market gardening. Mr Wyeth was for several years secretary of the Woodlaiwds school committee, and was twenty years a director of the Southland Caledonian Society, for which he acted as handicapper for twenty-four years; and in 1903 he was presented with a gold chronometer watch, and elected as a life member of the society in recognition of his long services. He is also handicapper for the Otago Caledonian Society. During the Maori disturbances in the North Island, Mr Wyeth served for six years in the Taiti Rifle Volunteers. He was married, in 1874, to a daughter of Mr Joseph Sheriff, of Invercargill, and has six sons and six daughters, and ten grand-children.
, General Storekeeper, Butcher and Baker, Woodlands. This business was established in 1874 by Mr E. Taylor, brother of the present proprietor. The premises, which are of wood and iron, comprise a large double-fronted shop, with offices and store behind, and a large bakehouse, stabling, and sheds stand on a section of twelve acres attached to the store. Mr Taylor's residence, a handsome building, standing on an acre of freehold, is close by, and he owns 170 acres in the vicinity, Mr Taylor was born in Glasgow, Scotland, in 1842, and was educated in his native city, and at Partick. For some years before coming to New Zealand he was employed in the wellknown publishing house of Blackie and Son. He started for New Zealand in the ship “Grasmere,” but this vessel was wrecked off the coast of Ireland, and Mr Taylor arrived at the Bluff by the ship “Paria,” in 1864. He followed mercantile life for some years, but had to abandon it on account of failing sight, and entered the service of the New Zealand and Australian Land Company. He remained in that company's service for several years, during which he was also clerk to the Clydevale, and then to the Oteramika, Road Board; and he acquired his present business in 1880. Mr Taylor was for some time chairman of the Edendale school committee, and secretary of the Woodlands school committee, and he is an honorary member of Court Star of the Forest, Ancient Order of Foresters, Woodlands. He was married, in 1880, to a daughter of the late Captain James B. Greig, at one time Magistrate at Stewart Island, and has three sons and two daughters.
(New Zealand Pine Company, proprietors), Woodlands. These yards are connected by a six-mile tramway with the Mabel Bush sawmill, the entire output of which passes through the yards. The company does a large business in the Woodlands district, as well as in other parts of the colony.
, who has been in charge of the Woodlands Yards since 1901, was born at Newton Stewart, Wigtonshire, Scotland. After coming to New Zealand, Mr Fleming was employed in the railway service for a time, and was then eight years in the employment of Mr W. Snow, of Outram. He was afterwards lighthouse-keeper at Dog Island, for two years, and then in the employment of Messrs McCallum and Co., timber merchants, for eight years, before being appointed to his present position. Mr Fleming served for three years as a
, Farmer, “Woodside,” Woodlands. Mr Berry was born at Ballarat in 1857, and came to New Zealand when five years of age. He was brought up to farming, but in 1882 he commenced sawmilling, which he carried on in addition to farming in the Woodlands district, until 1898, when he gave up sawmilling. Mr Berry owns 540 acres of agricultural land, part of which is let, the remainder being farmed by himself. He has served on the Woodlands school committee for many years, and has been chairman and secretary of the Mabel school committee. He is also a member of the Woodlands Library Committee, and has passed through the chairs in Court Star of the Forest, Ancient Order of Foresters, Woodlands, of which he is now Senior Warden. Mr Berry was married, in 1879, to a daughter of Mr A. Anderson. grocer, Christchurch. His wife died in 1902, leaving three sons and four daughters.
, Farmer, “Inchbank,” Woodlands. Mr Brown, who is a son of the late Mr George Brown, a very old Southland settler, was born in 1869, at Waikiwi Plains, and was educated at the Roslyn and Myross Bush schools. He was brought up to farming, and bought his present property of 490 acres in 1890. With the exception of about 100 acres, the whole block was then covered with tussocks and flax, but it has since been brought to a good state of cultivation. Mr Brown has erected a very handsome residence as well as substantial outbuildings, and has completed a considerable amount of fencing. The property is devoted to mixed farming, and special attention is given to breeding the Titiroa strain of Herefords. Mr Brown is also a breeder of Clydesdale horses, and is the owner of the well-known sire “Lochinvar,” by “Craigievar.”
, Lernview Farm, Woodlands. Mrs Church has resided in the Long Bush and Woodlands districts for about twenty-two years. She was born in County Fermanagh, Ireland, where her father, Mr W. Fraser, was a yeoman farmer. After a trip to Scotland, lasting a year, she came to New Zealand in 1876, and, in the same year, married Mr Horace Charles Church, who had fought in the American eivil war. In 1882, Mr and Mrs Church took up a small farm at Long Bush, to which the Woodlands property was afterwards added. Mr Church died, in 1898, leaving two sons and two daughters. Mrs Church still carries on both farms-comprising between 160 and 170 acres-which are devoted to dairying.
, Farmer, Fyvie Farm, Woodlands. Mr Dawson was born at Tullynessle, Aberdeenshire Scotland, in 1830, and brought up to farm work. In 1852, he left for New Zealand by the “Slains Castle,” and landed at Port Chalmers. He settled at Green Island for six years, and engaged in farm work. In 1858 he took up his present farm of 250 acres, then in a state of nature. He took up another farm of 200 acres at Chatton, but sold it in 1884. While he was a resident of Chatton, Mr Dawson was chairman of the Knapdale Road Board during 1879–82. He has been chairman of the Woodlands school committee for a number of years; and since 1864 he has been an elder of the Woodlands Presbyterian church. He founded the Woodlands Dairy Factory, and has been chairman of directors on two occasions. Mr Dawson married, in 1852, a daughter of the late Mr Alexander Milne, of Fyvie, and has a family of six sons and three daughters.
, Farmer, “March-mont,” Woodlands. Mr Laidlaw was born in 1833, in the parish of East Kilbryde, Lanarkshire, Scotland, where he was brought up as a carpenter and builder. He arrived at Port Chalmers by the ship “Bruce,” in 1860, and carried his kit of tools to Balclutha, then known as the Molyneux, whence he proceeded to Southland. Mr Laidlaw settled in Invercargill, where he worked at his trade as a builder for ten years, and in 1870, removed to Woodlands, where he was employed in building the meat preserving works, a church, school, hotel, and other buildings. He then rented, at £60 per annum, sixty-five acres of land, on which he erected his homestead, and of which he subsequently bought the freehold. He afterwards purchased an additional 235 acres, and this part of his property has latterly been farmed by one of his sons and a daughter. In the early days, Mr Laidlaw served on the Woodlands school committee. He was for some time connected with the Long Bush sawmill, the first mill worked in the district, and subsequently had an interest in a mill at Seaward Bush. He was married, on the 31st of December, 1858, to a daughter of the late Mr James Strang, of Lanarkshire, Scotland, and has three sons and four daughters.
, Farmer, Flemington Bush Farm, Woodlands. Mr Meadows was born at Invercargill, in 1867, educated there and brought up to farming in the district. He left home in 1882, and worked for some years on farms and estates in various parts of Southland, and during 1891–2 he twice visited Australia. In 1893 he was appointed manager of Reid Brothers' estate, at Mossburn, and after two years and a-half went to Braxton station, where he remained five years, and was for the greater part of the time manager. After 1901 he was engaged in stock droving, and, at intervals, in looking after various farms throughout Southland. The
, Farmer, “Landside,” Woodlands. Mr Milne, who is a son of one of the earliest settlers in the district, was born at his father's farm, “Urie Bank,” and was educated at the local school and brought up to farming. At the age of eighteen he went contracting in various parts of the district, and afterwards returned to his father's farm for some time before taking up his present property in 1896. “Langside” comprises 160 acres, and is all under cultivation. Mr Milne was married, in 1902, to a daughter of Mr William Hamilton, now of Invercargili, and has four sons.
, Farmer, Woodlands. Mr Neill, who is a son of Mr John Neill, secretary of the Southland Education Board, was born in 1877, educated at Gore and Invercargill, and brought up to mercantile life. He was for some time in an insurance office, and was afterwards in the employment of the J. G. Ward Company. In 1895, Mr Neill turned his attention to farming, and in 1902 bought his present property of 113 acres of freehold, which he devotes to dairy farming, and keeps twelve cows. Mr Neill was married, in 1902, to a daughter of Mr Robert Wallace, of Waianiwa, and has one son.
, Farmer, Woodlands. Mr Shand was born in 1859, at the Taieri, where he was educated and brought up to farming by his father, Mr William Shand, who now resides at Kapuka. He was afterwards engaged in sawmilling work, and subsequently became a bush contractor. In 1898, Mr Shand purchased 100 acres of freehold at Woodlands, where he has erected a homestead, and effected many improvements. He devotes himself to dairyfarming, and milks seventeen cows, the milk of which he sends to the factory at Woodlands. Mr Shand was for some years a member of the Rimu school committee. He was married, in 1882, to a daughter of Mr James Blaney, of Kaitangata, and has four sons.
, Farmer, Georgedale Farm, Woodlands. Mr Walker was born at Cupar, Fife, Scotland, in 1836. Twenty years afterwards he left for Victoria by the “Ocean Chief.” and spent about six years farming in Tasmania and Victoria. In 1862, he arrived in New Zealand, followed the diggings for a few years, and was afterwards contracting at Waihola and Invercargill. For about seven years he was working by contract on the New Zealand and Australian Land Company's Morton Mains estate. Later on, he was regularly in the company's employment, but left the service in 1888. He took up his present farm of 200 acres in 1884, and has greatly improved it, and brought it under full cultivation. About twenty years ago Mr Walker was a member of the Woodlands school committee, but since then he has taken no part in public life. Mr Walker married a daughter of the late Mr Edward Lawlor, of Victoria, in 1864, and has two sons.
, who was prominently associated with the meat preserving business in Southland, was born in 1810, in Perthshire, Scotland, where he was brought up to farming. He subsequently has an hotel with a farm attached at Cullen, Banffshire, for twenty-two years before coming to Port Chalmers in 1863, by the “E. P. Bouverie.” Mr Watson settled at Balclutha, afterwards became manager of one of the New Zealand and Australian Land Company's stations, and six years later was appointed manager of the Woodlands Meat Preserving Works-a position he held for thirteen years. On resigning, he bought a property of 200 acres at Otautau, which he named “Strathmore” Mr Watson was closely connected with educational affairs at Woodlands, and presented the committee with two acres of land as a site for the school. He was married, in 1860, to a daughter of the late Mr John Taylor, of Banffshire, Scotland. His wife died in 1881, leaving two sons and one daughter Mr Watson died at “Strathmore” in 1887.
is equi-distant, six miles, between Woodlands and Hedgehope railway stations, and lies in undulating country. The road to Woodlands is the best and most convenient, as communication thence to Invercargill is much nearer than by Hedgehope. Sawmilling has been carried on in the Mabel Bush district for many years and the timber is sent to Woodlands by a tramline. The local public school dates from 1885, and had an average attendance of twenty-eight in 1904. Farming is extensively carried on in the district, which has increased rapidly of late years. Between Mabel Bush and Hedgehope the country is composed mostly of pebbly hills, which are supposed to contain a little gold. The district is in the Hokonui riding of the county of Southland, and in the Mataura electorate and at the census of 1901, it had a population of 167.
, Farmer, “Woodside,” Mabel Bush. Mr Wilson was born in 1851, in Lanarkshire, Scotland, and was brought up as a
is a farming district five miles from Woodlands railway station on the Dunedin road, and nine miles from the Edendale railway station. The road continues through the district to Mataura, eighteen miles distant, and branches off to the left to Mabel Bush, which is six miles away. Dacre public school is conducted in a building originally erected as an hotel, and is attended by about thirteen children, on an average. The postal department has been represented at the house of one of the local residents since the eighties, and two mails are received and despatched, each week. Dacre district is partly in the Hokonui, and partly in the Waihopairiding of the county of Southland. The population in the former riding was twelve, and in the latter thirty-one in the township, and fifteen in the vicinity, at the census of 1901. Dacre is in the electoral district of Mataura. Woodstock estate, in the immediate neighbourhood, has within recent years been cut up for closer settlement, and this has led to a steady increase in population. No church services are held in the district, and the settlers have to go to Woodlands for the purpose of public worship.
, Farmer, “Burnside,” Dacre. Mr Lee was born in the west of Ireland, and came out to New Zealand with his parents about the year 1876, when he was only about four years old. The family sailed from Glasgow in the ship “City of Dunedin.” and though he was so young, Mr Lee can well remember the excitement which prevailed on board, on sighting Port Lyttelton heads. The family settled in Southland, where he went to school until he was about sixteen years of age. Since then he has followed various avocations, including farming, carpentering, etc. While young he had an intense love for the sea, and made several attempts to apprentice himself aboard a home-going vessel, but as his parents refused their consent, he was not accepted. He worked on the railways for two years, and afterwards engaged in farming pursuits until the close of 1901, when he joined the Eighth New Zealand Mounted Rifles for active service in South Africa. While thus engaged he lost his right leg, as a result of injuries received in a railway collision at Machavie, on the 12th of April, 1902, in the Western Transvaal; casualties, sixteen killed; fourteen injured. He spent three months in the military hospital at Potchefstroom, three weeks at Elandsfontein, a suburb of Johan nesburg, and was invalided home a week later. Mr Lee is at present (1905) residing near Woodlands, Southland, where any of his old friends who choose to call will receive a royal welcome.
, Farmer, Dacre. Mr Henderson was born in 1868, at Myross Bush, where he was educated and brought up to farming by his father, the late Mr John Henderson. In 1895, he bought 222 acres of freehold, part of the Morton Mains estate at Dacre. The property was then chiefly in its native state, but has since been brought into a fine state of cultivation. As a Forester, Mr Henderson is a member of Court Star of the Forest, Woodlands. He was married, in 1902, to a daughter of Mr Duncan McDermid, of Waianiwa.
(James Peter Wilson, and Thomas Kerr Wilson), Farmers, Dacre. The property of Messrs Wilson Brothers consists of 402 acres of freehold. It is worked as a general farm, and, with the exception of fifty acres, has all been broken up.
, Senior Partner of the firm of Wilson Brothers, is a son of Mr Thomas Wilson, of Oporo, and was born in 1874. He was educated at Waianiwa and in Invercargill, and was brought up to farming. In November, 1899, he was joined by his brother, and acquired part of Morton Mains estate at Dacre. As an Oddfellow, Mr Wilson is a member of Loyal St. George Lodge, Invercargill. Mr Wilson takes a keen interest in sports; is a cyclist and athlete, and plays football and cricket. He has served on the Dacre school committee, of which he was at one time chairman. Mr Wilson was married, in 1901, to a daughter of Mr John Bell, of the Land Transfer Office, Invercargill, but she died in 1902, leaving one daughter.
, Of the the firm of Wilson Brothers, was born in Invercargill, and was educated at Waianiwa. He was brought up to farming, and worked on his father's
. This place is picturesquely situated about six miles from the Woodlands railway station, on the main line to Invercargill. Originally the property comprised 2,500 acres of freehold and 4,000 acres of leasehold. A mixed system of farming was adopted, such as the cultivation of oats, turnips, and grass seed, etc. Mr Wallis also grazed a flock of 2,000 sheep, including a stud of 500 Romney Marsh rams and ewes, besides 250 head of Polled Angus cattle. In former years, Mr Wallis invariably exhibited some of his celebrated herd at the Dunedin, Christchurch, Wellington, and Invercargill shows, and was very successful, particularly in the female classes, and for years one of his cows gained the champion prize at the Dunedin show. He also successfully exhibited his Romney Marsh rams at the New South Wales Sheep Breeders' Association's shows in Sydney, where he gained first prize for ewe, and second prize for rams, defeating exhibitors from all parts of Australia and New Zealand. Since then the estate has been cut up for closer settlement.
, J. P., formerly owner of Woodstock Estate, is the eldest son of the Rev. A. W. Wallis, one of the Royal chaplains in the Bengal Presidency, and was born in Ghazeepore, India, in 1848. He was educated at Lancing College, near Brighton, Sussex, and afterwards studied at Cirencester Agricultural College, as well as in Germany. His success was a brilliant one, as he became the senior diplomist, and leading student in agriculture at that time, and was offered the chair of Professor of Agriculture, at the Cornell University, United States. He, however, declined the offer in order to accept an appointment on the agricultural staff of the “Melbourne Argus,” and “Australasian;” a position which he ably filled for rather more than one year. In 1872, he was appointed first secretary of the newly-established Agricultural Department of Victoria, and was instrumental in building up that important department, and founding the agricultural college of that colony. He retained the position until 1882, when he became interested in pastoral properties in West Australia and Victoria. In the following year he purchased an interest in the Morton Mains Estate, near Edendale, Southland, and ultimately became sole proprietor until 1888, when it was acquired by a company, who retained him as manager. On the dissolution of the company, in 1894, Mr Wallis purchased the Woodstock, Estate. Mr Wallis now carries on business as a sawmiller at Hedgehope, and has an office in Esk Street, Invercargill.
took its name from an estate of the New Zealand and Australian Land Company, who surveyed the township and sold it in lots. The district is in the Waihopai riding of the county of Southland, and forms part of the electorate of Mataura. Edendale township is the junction of the Dunedin-Invercargill railway and its Edendale-Glenham branch. The station is twenty-three miles from Invercargill and 116 miles from Dunedin; and Wyndham is four miles distant on the branch line, and Glenham ten miles. The post office and railway station are jointly conducted and the station stands at an elevation of 135 feet above the level of the sea. Originally, Edendale estate contained over 120,000 acres, of which the company, in the course of years, sold 80,000 acres to hundreds of farmers. Not long since, the Government bought the balance for closer settlement purposes, and the greater proportion was soon taken up by an enterprising and an industrious class of people, under leasesin-perpetuity. The local dairy factory, started by the late Mr Thomas Brydone, the company's able general manager-was the pioneer of this industry in New Zealand, and was taken up by a private company after the estate was sold. There are large grain stores in the occupation of Messrs Wright, Stephenson and Co. at the township. Edendale has a Presbyterian church and a public school, temperance hotel, two stores, and butchers', bakers', saddlers', and blacksmiths'
, Carpenter and Builder, Morton Street, Edendale. This business was established in July, 1900; the shop stands on a quarter-acre section of freehold land, and the proprietor's residence on a similar area in Hudson Street. Mr Johnson was born in London, in 1866, and came with his father, Mr E. Johnson, to the Bluff, in 1875, by the ship “Adamant.” He was educated at the Invercargill Grammar School, worked at his trade on the railway for three years, and afterwards gained further experience as a builder under his father. Mr Johnson first struck out on his own account at Dipton, where he remained for two years, and was subsequently at the Bluff for nine years before settling at Edendale, Mr Johnson has taken an active part in brass bands since he was twelve years of age, and served in the Garrison bands at Invercargill and the Bluff, and was bandmaster at Wyndham for eighteen months. He was first violin in an orchestra at the Bluff, and also at Edendale. As a Freemason, he is attached to Lodge Fortitude, Bluff, and he was one of the founders of the Loyal Oreti Lodge of Oddfellows, Manchester Unity, Dipton, of which he is a Past Grand. Mr Johnson was married, in 1891, to a daughter of Mr Daniel Evans, of Dipton, and has two sons.
, Carpenter and Builder, Seaward Downs Road, Edendale. Mr Robertson was born in Roxburghshire, Scotland, in 1861, and in the same year was brought by his parents to the Bluff in the ship Robert Henderson.” The family settled at Woodlands, and Mr Robertson afterwards served an apprenticeship as a carpenter in Invercargill. Having entered the employment of the New Zealand and Australian Land Company, he served on the Morton Mains and Edendale estates for fifteen years, and during that time built the local dairy factory, and the new Edendale homestead. Mr Robertson has also erected an eight-roomed house for Mr Niven in the township. As a Freemason, he is a member of Lodge Mokoreta, and he was connected with the Alma Lodge of Oddfellows, Manchester Unity, at Wyndham. Mr Robertson was married, in 1885, to a daughter of the late Mr Alexander Cameron, of Inverness, Scotland, and has four sons and one daughter.
, Edendale. Directors for 1904: Messrs A. Mitchell (chairman), D. R. Hunter, J. Caldwell, J. Eades, W. Hall, H. Marshall, and D. Ross, Secretary, Mr H. E. Niven. Manager, Mr J. Sawers. This well-known factory, which was originally the property of the New Zealand and Australian Land Company, was established in 1881, and received the Government bonus of £500 for the manufacture of the first fifty tons of colonialmade cheese suitable for export. The factory secured first prize (gold medal) at the winter show competitions held in Dunedin in 1895, which were open to all comers, and also carried off the Challenge Cup, given by Messrs McNairn and Co., of Glasgow, for the best half-ton of Cheddar shaped cheese, suitable for export. Since 1901 it has gained most of the first and second prizes at the Dunedin and Invercargill shows in addition to champion prizes at both places, and a gold watch for the most points at Invercargill. The factory also won the Union Steam Ship Company's Cup at Dunedin, in 1903, for the greatest number of points taken in cheese. The factory buildings are of wood and shingle, with the exception of the boiler and enginehouse, which is built of brick. The basement floors are all laid in concrete, and the departments consist of a receiving-room, measuring 20 feet by 20 feet; a making room, containing eight vats, with a capacity of 650 gallons each; a butter-room, 42 feet by 16 feet, with two separators and a butter machine; and three curing-rooms, one on the basement and two above, having a total storago capacity for 150 tons of cheese. Half the shelves are revolving, and thus facilitate the turning operations. There is also a packing room, 40 feet by 20 feet, and all the cases are made at the factory. The annual output of the well-known “Pioneer” brand of cheese is 400 tons.
, who has been manager of the Edendale Factory since 1901, was born in Ayrshire, Scotland, in 1854, educated at Glenluce, Wigtonshire, and trained to dairy work under his father. He came to Port Chalmers by the ship “Auckland” in 1874, and for a number of years was employed in farm work at Tokomairiro. For the season of 1886 Mr Sawers was manager of the Fairfax Dairy Factory, and for the two following seasons he had charge of the Bruce factory. He afterwards leased the Waiareka and Flemington factories, and worked them in conjunction with his brother. Mr Sawers managed the Wyndham factory for five years, and was Government Cheese Instructor for the colony for five years before settling at Edendale in 1901. He was married, in 1889, to
, Saddler and Harness Maker, Edendale. Head office, Wyndham. The Edendale branch of this business was established in 1903, and a general stock of goods is maintained.
, who has been manager of the Edendale branch of Mr Currie's business since its opening, was born in 1881, at Kuri Bush, near Dunedin. He attended school at Kuri Bush, Port Chalmers, Sawyer's Bay and Mornington, served a five years' apprenticeship to the saddlery trade in Dunedin, and subsequently gained experience as a journeyman in several shops, before opening Mr Currie's branch at Edendale. in 1903. Mr Morris acts as agent, in the district, for the Electric Healing wash, which is put up by his father, Mr T. Morris. He was married, in 1901, to a daughter ol Mr Thomas Melvin. of Bellknowes, Mornington, Dunedin.
(William Watson Shennan and William MclLauchlan), General Storekeepers, “The Corner House,” Edendale. This firm was founded in 1903, and the premises consist of a twostorey wood and iron building, containing a corner shop, two storerooms and a residence, and there is also a third store-room in an adjoining building.
, the Senior Partner, was born in 1869. at Berwiek, Taieri, Otago, where he was educated and brought up on his father's farm. In 1892, he helped to start the Berwiek and Maungatuafutter factories, of which he was one of the proprietors, and two years later added a general store. On the dissolution of the firm in 1900, Mr Shennan took over the store and carried it on till September, 1903, when he disposed of the business and removed to Edendale, where he and Mr McLauchlan acquired their present business. Mr Shennan is a member of the Edendale school committee, and is on the committee of management of the local Presbyterian church. He was married, in March, 1902, to a daughter of the late Mr Amos McKegg, of Henley, Otago, and has one son.
, the Junior Partner, was born in 1870, at Tapanui, Otago, and educated at Dunedin. He spent twelve years in Victoria and New South Wales, where he gained experience of mercantile life. On returning to New Zealand in 1898, Mr McLauchlan was employed by an uncle at Outram for a year, and had further business experience at Plamerston North and in the Wairarapa district for three years, before joining Mr W. W. Shennan at Edendale in 1903. Mr McLauchlan joined the American Order of Oddfellows in Victoria.
(William Sutherland and John Lopdell, proprietors), Edendale. This mill is worked by a fourteen norse-power engine, and contains the usual cross-cutting and breaking-down saw benches. Fourteen persons are engaged at the mill. The proprietors, who are cutting the bush on 140 acres of land, have a yard on the Seaward Downs road, near Edendale, and they have worked the mill since 1902.
, one of the partners of the firm of Sutherland and Lopdell, was born in 1844, in County Galway, Ireland, where his father was well known as the master of the Gal way hounds. Mr Lopdell came to Victoria in 1872, gained experience in connection with sawmilling, and engaged in the trade on his own account for some time. In 1884, he arrived in New Zealand by the s.s. “Tarawera,” and settled in Invercargill; and, since then, except for about four years, when he engaged in farming, Mr Lopdell has been connected with the sawmilling trade in Southland. In 1876, he married, in Victoria, a daughter of the late Mr James Monk, of that colony, and has, surviving, eight sons and three daughters.
, Farmer, Crawford Farm, Edendale. Crawford Farm consists of 240 acres of freehold, and seventy-eight acres held under lease. The proprietor has also 165 acres of freehold at the bush close by. He engages in dairy and mixed farming, and in the season of 1904–5 had fifty cows in milk. Mr Cranstoun was born in Lanarkshire, Scotland, in 1854, and obtained early experience of country pursuits in his native shire. In 1878, he came to New Zealand, via Melbourne, and after six months at Oamaru, settled in Southland, where he has since resided, chiefly in the Edendale district. At first he was contracting and farming; but in 1884 leased seventy-eight acres of the Edendale reserve, and subsequently bought 162 acres adjoining. Mr Cranstoun served for a number of years on the Edendale school committee, and was for two years its chairman. He is connected with the Edenendale Presbyterian church, of which he was a deacon for five years. In 1884, Mr Cranstoun was married to the daughter of the late Mr Faulds, of Victoria, and has, surviving, eight daughters and two sons.
(Donald Macdonald, proprietor), Edendale. This property was the homestead of the Edendale estate, the balance of which was taken over for closer settlement, by the Government, in June, 1904. Mr Donald Macdonald, formerly manager of the estate, now owns the homestead and the adjacent land, which he works on his own account. The homestead is picturesquely situated a mile and a-half from the
Is the third son of the late Mr Donald Macdonald, Belfield, Campbell town, Argyleshire, Scotland, and was born in that locality in 1858. He was educated at the grammar school of his native town, and worked on his father's farm. He emigrated by the ship “Nelson,” and arrived in Otago in 1878. Mr Macdonald then joined the service of the New Zealand and Australian Land Company, and was sent to their Acton station in Canterbury. In 1888 he was appointed manager of Edendale. He was married, in 1891, to Hilda, daughter of the late Dr. Walsh, of Beechworth, Victoria, and of Walshfield, Ireland.
, Ota Creek Farm, Edendale. Mr Marshall was born in 1818, in Linlithgowshire, Scotland, and accompanied his parents to Port Chalmers by the ship “Three Bells,” in 1856. He worked on his father's farm at West Taieri till 1874, when he removed to South Wyndham, where he became interested in a leasehold property, and took agricultural contracts. In 1886, Mr Marshall leased 276 acres at Edendale from the New Zealand and Australian Land Company, and purchased the farm in 1898. Sheepfarming and cropping are carried on and fifty cows are in milk. Mr Marshall is a member of the Edendale school committee, and a director of the dairy factory. He was married, in 1878, to a daughter of the late Mr Neil Ross, of West Taieri, and has five sons and four daughters.
, Butcher and Farmer. Edendale. This business was established by Mr R. Craig, in 1888, and was acquired by the present proprietor in 1895. The premises, which stand on three-quarters of an acre of freehold, are of wood and iron, and comprise a shop, a small goods room, and a residence. Mr Pattinson was born in 1859 at Alston, Cumberland, England, where he was educated, and served a two years' apprenticeship to an analytical chemist. He arrived at Port Chalmers, in 1877, by the ship “Euterpe,” was employed for eighteen months by Mr J. F. Herbert at Ardmore station, near Tapanui, and was working at Beaumont station for four years. Mr Pattinson was afterwards on the New Zealand Agricultural Company's Waimea estate, before acquiring his present business at Edendale. He was for some time cornet soloist in the Wyndham Brass Band. Mr Pattinson was married, in 1892, to a daughter of Mr Daniel Evans, of Dipton, and has two daughters and two sons.
is the name of a farming district in the electorate of Mataura, and forms part of the Waihopai riding of the county of Southland. It is distant ten miles by a good road to the south of Edendale, and about the same distance south-west of Wyndham; and at the census of 1901 it had a population of 164. Seaward Downs has a public school, with an average attendance of twenty-four children, and there is a locally owned cheese fictory in full operation.
, Seaward Downs. Directors: Mr T. Haining, chairman, and Messrs H. McCall, J. E. McBean, R. McKenzie, and J. Welsh. Mr J. McLauchlan is secretary. Registered office, Wyndham. This factory was established in 1898, and stands on a section of one acre and ahalf of land at Seaward Downs. The building is of wood and iron, and contains a full cheese-making plant. There are three vats in the makingroom, capable of holding 2,000 gallons of milk in all. A large storeroom, adjoining, is capable of containing thirty tons of cheese. The plant is driven by a four horse-power steam engine, and an eight horsepower boiler. In addition to the cheese plant, there is a separator for winter work. The manager's residence stands on the same property. The output of the factory for the season 1904–5, was about 100 tons of cheese.
, Manager of the Seaward Downs Dairy Factory was appointed to the position in 1903. He was born at Crail, Fifeshire, Scotland, in 1870, but attended school in Edinburgh. When twenty years of age, he came to Port Chalmers by the s.s. “Aorangi,” Mr Keay went to the Clinton district, where he was employed in farm work. In 1900 he commenced to get experience in dairy work at the Gore factory, and after two seasons gained further experience at the Aparima factory, Riverton, where he was an assistant for one year. As an Oddfellow, Mr McKeay is connected with Lodge Alma, Wyndham; and as a Freemason, he belongs to Lodge Mokoreta, No 63, New Zealand Constitution.He was married on the 22nd of September, 1904, to the daughter of the late Mr John Taylor, farmer, of Taieri.
, Farmer, “Greenburn,” Seaward Downs. Mr Ballantine was born in 1838, in Lanarkshire, Scotland. He was brought up to country life from his earliest years, and succeeded his father, who was farming in Lanarkshire. In 1886, he sold out to come to New Zealand. He arrived in Dunedin, by the s.s. “Rimutaka,” and worked for two years at Edendale, before settling at Seaward Downs. Mr Ballantine's farm consists of 202 acres of freehold, and was in a rough condition when he bought it, but has since then been very much improved by its owner. Mr Ballantine engages chiefly in dairy farming, and had twenty-eight cows in milk in the season of 1904–05. He has been a member of the Seaward Downs school committee since settling in the district. Mr Ballantine was married, in 1877, to a daughter of the late Mr James McMillan, of Argyleshire, Scotland, and has, surviving, eight sons and five daughters.
, Farmer, “Ingleston,” Seaward Downs. Mr Haining was born in the parish of Irongray, Dumfriesshire, Scotland, in 1862; he attended school in Kirkcudbrightshire, and also at Lochmaben, Dumfriesshire, and was brought up to a country life. He arrived at Wellington in 1890, by the s.s. “Arawa,” and on coming to Southland found employment at Edendale for six weeks. Subsequently
, Farmer, Clover Meadows, Seaward Downs. Mr McCall has 694 acres of freehold land, which he devotes to mixed farming, including dairying; as many as fifty cows are milked during the flush of the season. Clydesdale horses are a special line, and some splendid animals have been reared, and a firstclass entire is still retained by Mr McCall. The property includes an extensive flat, which was originally covered with rushes and raupo. Large sums of money have been expended in clearing, draining, and cultivating this flat, and in 1904 from twenty-five to thirty miles of drain ploughing was completed. Mr McCall was born in the town of Ayr, Scotland, on the 9th of February, 1852. He attended school in Ayrshire, and was brought, brought up by his grandfather. In 1865, Mr McCall landed in Melbourne, and came in the month of April, of the same year, to join his people in Dunedin. The family settled in Shag Valley, where Mr McCall gained most of his colonial country experience. When he was nineteen years and six months old, his father gave him a pair of horses, and he at once commenced cropping on his own account in the Waikouaiti district. Four years later, he engaged in contracting and carting on the roads, and, later, commenced farming in the Palmerston district. Mr McCall had contracts for eleven years afterwards in connection with railway works, and at the end of that period settled in the Taieri, where he remained four years. In June, 1897, he took up his land at Seaward Downs. Mr McCall was one of the chief promoters of the Seaward Downs dairy factory and he has been a director from the first, and became chairman in 1898. As a breeder of stock, he has been interested in Clydesdales since he was twenty-three years of age, and, in 1904, he sent away 1,123 fat lambs from his farm to the freezing works. Mr McCall was married, on the 15th of September, 1876, to a daughter of the late Mr Robert Drysdale, of Glenlis, Stranraer, Scotland, and of Shag Valley, Otago, and has eight sons and three daughters.
, Farmer, Seaward Downs. Mr Morris was born, in County Tipperary, Ireland, in 1856, and was brought up to country life. In May, 1877, he arrived at Port Chalmers, by the ship “Wennington.” On settling in Invercargill, he was employed at Seaward Bush, and after wards in the New River district. In 1880, Mr Morris removed to Wyndham, where he found employment for five years. He then took a small farm at Menzies Ferry, where he worked ten acres of freehold and a leasehold lignite pit. In 1891, Mr Morris bought his farm at Seaward Downs. It consists of 297 acres, held under freehold tenure, and is devoted to dairyfarming and mixed farming. In the season of 1904, he had fifty-three cows in milk, and ran about 100 sheep on his land, besides having a considerable area in cereals. Mr Morris was married, in 1880, to the daughter of Mr James Tod, of County Galway, Ireland. Mrs Morris died in 1892, leaving two sons and one daughter. In May, 1893, Mr Morris was married to a daughter of Mr James Smith, of Waianiwa, and has two daughters and one son by this union.
is a fertile district ten miles from Wyndham and Edendale, four miles from Pine Bush, and six miles from Glenham. It forms part of the Waihopai riding of the county of Southland, and is in the electoral district of Mataura. The population of the island, at the census of 1901, was eighty-nine, and a small piece of land, in the Toetoes riding of the same county, opposite Mataura Island, had a population of forty. There is a public school in the district, with an average attendance of forty; and a locally owned cheese factory, known as the Island Dairy Factory, is in full operation. There has been a post office at Mataura
is conducted at the homestead of Mrs C. Cameron, and mails are received and despatched on Mondays, Wednesdays, and Fridays. The post office was opened in 1895, and telephone communication was established two years later.
, who acts as Postmistress at Mataura Island, was born in Argyleshire, Scotland, where she was educated. In 1874, she married Mr Allan Cameron, and in the same year came out to Port Chalmers with her husband by the ship “Auckland.” Mr and Mrs Cameron went, as a married couple to Earnscleugh station, at the Dunstan, for about two years, and were afterwards at Glenburn station and at Beaumont station, near Wrey's Bush, for similar periods. In March, 1889, Mrs Cameron acquired about 200 acres of freehold land at Mataura Island, which she has since worked as a mixed farm. She gives special attention to dairying, and in 1904 had twenty-seven cows in milk. When bought, the land was swampy and overgrown with raupo, but it has since been drained and laid down in English grasses. Mrs Cameron has four sons and four daughters.
, Farmer, “Birchwood,” Mataura Island. Mr Carnie was born in 1858, in Aberdeenshire, Scotland, where he was educated and brought up to farming. He came to Port Chalmers, in 1877, by the ship “Oamaru,” and for the first three years after his arrival worked in the Taieri district. With a partner, Mr Carnie afterwards engaged in farming in the Hindon district, and then removed to Otautau, where he was fanning on his own account for five years. He subsequently acquired a property at the upper end of Mataura Island, but sold out in 1897, and purchased “Birchwood,” which consists of 777 acres of freehold. The land was then wet and swampy, and involved considerable expenditure on ditching, draining and banking, but now, with the exception of about 100 acres, it is all under cultivation, and in front of the homestead there is a pretty lagoon. Mr Carnie has served as a director of the local dairy factory. He was married, in 1878, to a daughter of Mr John McCabe, of Green Island, and has four sons and six daughters.
, Farmer, “Greenwood,” Mataura Island. Mr McCaughan was born in 1866, in County Antrim, Ireland, where he was educated. He found employment in farm work until coming to Port Chalmers by the s.s. “Coptic “in 1887. Mr McCaughan settled in the Wyndham district, where he worked until 1892, when he commenced farming at Menzes Ferry. Three years later, he sold out, and removed to Mataura Island, where he bought 120 acres, then mostly covered with black pine. With the exception of about ten acres, the bush has since been cleared, and the property is worked chiefly as a dairy farm; twenty-two cows were in milk in 1904. Mr McCaughan has been a member of the Mataura Island school committee since 1900. He was married, in May, 1892, to a daughter of Mr John Bigwood, saddler, Mataura, and has two sons and five daughters.
, Farmer, “Willow Grove,” Mataura Island. Mr Rule was born in 1860, in Lanarkshire, Scotland, where he was educated and brought up to an outdoor life. He came to Port Chalmers by the ship “West-land,” in 1881, and after two years' employment in the Oamaru district, removed to Southland. Mr Rule settled at Mataura Island in 1886, and has farmed most of the time since then on his own account. “Willow Grove,” which contains 330 acres of freehold and 200 acres of leasehold land, is in a good state of cultivation, and is worked as a mixed farm. Mr Rule is a director of the local dairy factory. He was married, in 1892, to a daughter of Mr John MeCabe, of Green Island, and has three sons and four daughters.
, Farmer, “Sandymount,” Mataura Island. Mr Waters
was born in 1816, in Caithncss-shire, Scotland, where he was brought up to farming. He came to Port Chalmers in 1876 by the ship “Duncdin,” and
is a post town near the Mataura river, twenty-seven miles from Invercargill, on the Edendale-Glenham railway, and lies at an altitude of eighty-five feet above the level of the sea. There are coal mines in operation in the vicinity, and a dairy factory is established in the township. Wyndham is a clean, well-conducted town, and has a large cultivated reserve of 200 acres for recreation purposes. At one time alluvial mining was extensively carried on near the present township, and is still followed to some extent as an occupation in the district. Noble views of hill and sea are obtainable from many points around Wyndham, and excursions can be made by coach or otherwise through magnificent country. Wyndham is an ideal spot for anglers, at the Mimihau stream, bounding the township, affords fine trout fishing, and the Wyndham and Mataura rivers are stocked with fish. Wyndham was named by the late Sir John Richardson, after one of England's Indian heroes. The surrounding country is undulating, with numerous well wooded hills and fertile valleys. Wyndham township shin is managed by a Town Board; it forms part of the electoral district of Mataura, and is within the boundaries of the Toetoes riding of the county of Southland. At the census of 1901, the population of the district was 417; while at Wyndham East there were twenty-eight, at Wyndham South twenty-one, at Wyndham station and vicinity thirteen, at Wyndham suburbs seventy-two, and at Wyndham Valley, forty. The township lies between the Mimihau and Mokoreta rivers, which are both tributaries of the Mataura, and take their rise in the Slopedown ranges. The Mataura is crossed by a railway and road traffic bridge, at Menzies Ferry, about midway between Wyndham and Edendale, on a good road. Wyndham has two newspapers. The town is four miles to the eastward of Edendale, on the Edendale-Glenham branch line of railway, and is six miles from Glenham, and ten miles, by a good road, to Mataura. A coach runs regularly from Wyndham to Glenham, Pine Bush, Waimahaka and Fortrose.
has jurisdiction over an area of 450 acres, constituted a town district in 1882. The main road from Edendale to Glenham, Pine Push, Waimahaka, and Fortrose, runs through the town, but is still under the jurisdiction of the Southland County Council, and the
, who is a member of the Wyndham Town and Domain Boards, is the senior partner in the butchery business of Gordon Brothers, Balaclava Street, Wyndham. Mr Gordon was born in 1878, at Milton where his father was an old settler, and educated at Edendale. He followed general work until starting in a butchery at Edendale, where he remained for two years. After a year spent at Winton, Mr Gordon removed to Wyndham. and worked with Messrs Craig Brothers for five years, before taking over their business in 1902. He is a member of the Mokoreta Lodge of Freemasons, and is Past Chief Ranger in Court Royal Oak, Ancient Order of Foresters. Mr Gordon was married in September, 1904, to a daughter of the late Mr Philip Jones, of Melbourne.
, who has held a seat on the Wyndham Town Board since 1902, is well known as auctioneer and manager of the live stock department of the firm of I. W. Raymond and Co., in which he is a partner. Mr Hunter was born in 1870 at South Wyndham, where he was educated and brought up to country life, which he followed for ten years, during which he was for some time in charge of his father's property. In 1898, he entered the employment of Messrs Raymond and Co., and became a member of the firm in 1903. Mr Hunter has served on the South Wyndham school committee, was president for the year 1901–2 of the Wyndham Agricultural and Pastoral Society, is a Past Grand of Alma Lodge, Independent Order of Oddfellows, Manchester Unity, and a member of the Mokoreta Lodge of Freemasons. He was married, in 1900, to a daughter of Mr F. Gillanders, of Pourakanui, near Waitati, and has one son.
, formerly minister at the Presbyterian church at Wyndham, was born in Glasgow, Scotland, and educated at the University of that city, and at the New College, Edinburgh. He was licensed bg the Presbytery of Stirling, Scotland, in 1883, and in the following year was inducted as the first minister of the Townhill Free Church by the Presbytery of Dunfermline. Subsequently, Mr Smellie was commissioned by the Colonial Committee of the Free Church of Scotland to the New Zealand Presbyterian church, and, in 1887, was inducted to the charge of the Jhon Knox Presbyterian church at Rangiora. In 1901, he received a unanimous call to Wyndham, and is now (1905) stationed at Reef ton on the West Coast. Mr Smellie was married, in 1886, to Miss Robertson, of Stirling, and has three children.
which circulates from Mataura to Woodlands, and from Edendale to Fortrose and Waikawa, is a bi-weekly newspaper, published on Tuesdays and Fridays, amd contains four pages of seven columns each, about half of which is reading matter. The plant consists of a Wharfdale printing machine, driven by a two and a-half horsepower oil engine, and large fonts of new English and American type. The paper, which is Liberal in politics, and a supporter of the present Government, was founded in 1895, by the late Mr Alfred Dolamore, of Gore, and was taken over by the present proprietor, Mr E. G. Macpherson, on the 1st of January, 1898.
, Proprietor and Editor of the “Wyndham Farmer,” was born in 1863, at Lyttelton, and educated at the Otago Boys' High School. He was in the office of the “Clutha Leader” for five years, and then visited Sydney, where he joined the staff of the “Globe” (now known as the “Australian Star”), and rose to the position pf sub-editor. On returning to New Zealand, in 1887, Mr Macpherson became editor on the “Southern Standard,” at Gore, and was afterwards appointed manager of the “Wyndham Farmer,” which he acquired in 1898. He was instrumental in forming the Murihiku Rifle Volunteers, of which he is still a member, and he is secretary of the Wyndham Horticultural Society, one of the oldest and most successful societies of its kind in the provincial district. Mr Macpherson is also conductor of the Wyndham Choral Union, and organist and choirmaster of the local Presbyterian church. He has been for years handicapper of the Edendale Athletic Sports Society, and is a member of the local Athenaeum and school committees. Mr Macpherson was married, in 1888, to a daughter of the late Mr John Barr, one of the pioneer settlers of the Clutha district.
, Registered Chemist and Druggist, Medical Hall, Balaclava Street, Wyndham. Private residence, Alma Street. Mr Evans was born in 1833, at Shaw House, Melksham, Wiltshire, England, where
, Baker and Confectioner, Balaclava Street, Wyndham. This business was established at Edendale in 1898, and was removed to Wyndham early in 1903. It is conducted in a one-storey brick building, containing a shop, a commodious re-refreshment room, and a residence; and the premises also contain a bakehouse and stabling. Mr Pope was born in 1862 in Birmingham, England, where he was educated and found employment at his trade until coming to Port Chalmers by the s.s. “Arawa” in 1884. After five years' experience at Invercargill, Mr Pope went to Sydney, but returned to Southland in 1898. He has served as a member of the Edendale school committee, and in 1904 was vice-president of the Wyndham Racing Club. Mr Pope is attached to the Mokoreta Lodge of Freemasons, and also belongs to Alma Lodge, Manchester Unity, Independent Order of Oddfellows. He was married, in 1888, to a daughter of the late Mr William Sycamore, of Christchurch and Invercargill, amd has, surviving, one son and two daughters.
(Thomas Finlayson and Hugh McKerrow), Builders and Wheelwrights, etc., Wyndham. Bankers, Bank of New Zealand. This business was established in 1881 by Messrs T. and C. Finlayson, the latter of whom retired in 1888, and Mr McKerrow became a partner. The firm is well known throughout the Wyndham and Fortrose districts for the quality of its workmanship, as well as for the large amount of builders' requisites and furniture kept in stock at its emporium in Wyndham. Amongst the many buildings erected by Messrs Finlayson and Co. may bo mentioned the Wyndham dairy factory which forms a conspicuous landmark.
, Senior Partner in the firm, who is the third son of the late Mr Robert Finlayson, was born near Dunblane, Perthshire, Scotland, in 1846. Educated at Greenloaning school, he was alterwards put to the carpenter's trade in Blackford, and worked as a journeyman in Glasgow and Edinburgh for ten years before emigrating to Otago, by the ship “Canterbury,” in 1877. On arrival in New Zealand, he settled at Wyndham, where he worked at his trade, and, in 1881, established the present business in conjunction with his brother. In 1884, Mr Finlayson married May, daughter of the late Mr Hugh McKerrow, of the Survey Department.
, Junior Partner in the firm of Finlayson and Co., is the third son of the late Mr Hugh McKerrow, and was born in Glasgow in 1864. He was educated in that city, and also in Dunedin, where he learned the trade of a painter, etc. In 1897, he was married to Nellie, daughter of Mr John McLellan, farmer, Charlton, Southland.
, (Andrew Joseph Traynor, and Edward John Traynor), Builders and Contractors, Redan Street, Wyndham. This business was founded in 1876, by Mr Patrick Traynor, and was taken over by his sons in April, 1903. The buildings are of wood and iron, stand upon a freehold section of a quarter-acre, and consist of a wheelwright's shop, an ironmongery store, a show room, and
, the Senior Partner, was born in Glasgow, Scotland, in 1874, and two years later was brought by his father to the Bluff in the ship “Timaiu,” He was educated at Wyndham, where he was brought up to his father's business, which he and his brother took over in 1903. Mr Traynor is a' member of Lodge Alma, Independent Order of Oddfellows, Manchester Unity. He was married, in November, 1903, to a daughter of Mr S. Higgins, of Dunedin.
, the Junior Partner, was born in 1880, at Wyndham, where he was educated and worked under his father until joining his brother in taking over the business in 1903., Mr Traynor is a member of Lodge Alma, Independent Order of Oddfellows, Manchester Unity.
, Wyndham (Mr James McLauchlan, secretary). This factory was established in 1885, and was one of the first co-operative factories started in Southland, if not in New Zealand. The directors obtained the services of Mr S. M. Robbins, from America, as their principal manufacturer of cheese, and he subsequenty joined the service of the New Zealand Government as dairy expert. Mr James Sawers, by the excellence of his manufacture, brought the company's product to the forefront in the world's markets, and this reputation has been kept up by his nephew, Mr A. Cunningham. Prior to the introduction of a butter plant, the output of cheese ranged from 150 to 160 tons, and since then the yield has been 220 tons of cheese and 30 tons of butter annually. The butter is sold in the Dunedin and Invercargill markets, but some of the cheese is exported, and the balance finds a ready local sale. The Wyndham factory has won several gold and silver medals, and, for the third time, gained the Challenge Shield for butter at the Dunedin winter show of 1903. The shield is, therefore, now the absolute property of the company.
, Secretary to the Wyndham Dairy Factory Company and other companies, owning seven factories, was born in Scotland, and joined the Magnetic Telegraph Company as a cadet in 1869. When the British Government took over the telegraph lines throughout Great Britain, in 1870, he was appointed telegraphist at Thornhill, Dumfries-shire, and subsequently took charge of the Glasgow office of the Glasgow and Southwestern Railway Company, in 1879. At the close of that year, he emigrated to Port Chalmers by the ship “Timaru,” Mr McLauchlan settled in Wyndham in 1881, and became identified with the dairying industry of the district. Mr McLauchlan is a prominent Freemason and Oddfellow, besides an enthusiastic cricketer. He was initiated into Freemasonry at the foundation of Lodge Mokoreta, No 63, in 1888. and elected its Worshipful Master in 1904; he is, also, as an Oddfellow, secretary of Lodge Alma, No. 34, and was one of the founders of Mark Lodge, No. 1, of Mark Masons, of which he became master, and again took office in 1903–4, as Mark Master. In 1888, lie was elected a member of the Town Board, and chosen its chairman in 1890.
, Working Manager of the Wyndham Co-operative Dairy Factory, who is the eldest son of Mr Peter Cunningham, farmer, was born in 1872, at Leswalt, near Stranraer, Wigtonshire, Scotland. He received his education at the National School in his native town, and at Stranraer Academy. In 1892, he sailed for New Zealand by the s.s. “Coptic,” and arrived in Wellington, whenee he went on to Otago, ami learned the trade of cheese-making at the Stirling factory. Subsequently Mr Cunningham became manager of the following dairies; namely, Victoria, Ashhurst (North Island), Wainui, Akaroa, and Cheviot, and in 1896 was appointed to his present position. Mr Cunningham's record as a cheesemaker is a very good one, his motto being “Excelsior,” He is a member of the Wyndham Rifle Club, and of Lodge Mokoreta, No 63, New Zealand Constitution, of Free and Accepted Masons.
, Merchant Tailor, Balaclava Street, Wyndham. This business was established by Mr J. Wood, father of the present proprietor. It is carried on in a commodious shop, where five persons are employed, and the cutting is done by the proprietor himself. Mr Wood was born in 1877, at Waikouaiti, and received his education at Port Chalmers. He learned the tailoring trade with his father, at Wyndham, and subsequently took over the business on his own account. Mr Wood is conductor of the Wyndham Brass Band, and a member of Court Royal Oak, Ancient Order of Foresteis. He holds a gold medal tor fishing, and the local rifle club's silver medal for shooting. Mr Wood was married, in 1898, to a daughter of the late Mr John Mitchell, farmer, “Sunnyside,” and has one son.
(Mrs Jane Linton, proprietress), Balaclava Street, Wyndham. This old-established hotel is a two-storey brick building, containing ten bed rooms, on the ground floor, and twelve on the next
, the Proprietress, was, born at Prestwick, Aylshire, Scotland, and attended school there and at Kilmarnock. She came to New Zealand by the ship “James Nicol Fleming,” in 1876, and after a year spent with an aunt at Clinton. She married the late Mr James Linton, cheesemaker, of Waimatuku, Mataura, and Dalefield dairy factories. Mr Linton died in April, 1899, at Oaklands, Mataura, leaving a family of three sons and seven daughters. Mr Linton was farming at Oaklands, and afterwards at Tuturau, before acquiring the Farmers' Club Hotel in 1904.
(James Walker, proprietor), comer of Balaclava and Redan Streets, Wyndham. This hotel is a two-storey brick building, containing fourteen bedrooms, two dning-rooms, which will seat twenty guests, and four sitting-rooms. There are nine rooms on the ground floor, and thirteen rooms and the bath-room, are on the next.
, who has been Proprietor of the Railway Hotel since June, 1903, was born in 1849, in Linlithgowshire. Scotland, and came with his parents to Port Chalmers by the ship “Alpine,” in 1859. The family settled in the Tokomairiro district, when he was brought up to country life, and was afterwards farming with his father at Balelutha. In 1871, Mr Walker, in conjunction with a partner, acquired two threshing mills, which he worked for about two years, and subsequently carried on fanning until he took over the Railway Hotel at Wyndhamham, in 1903. Mr Walter has been a member of the Town Board, has been on the committee of the local school, and is chairman of the recreation re-reserve, and one of the directors of the Wyndham dairy factory. He was married, in 1876, to a daughter of Mr James Milne, J. P., Wyndham, and has, surviving, five sons and three daughters.
, Boot and Shoemaker, Redan Street, Wyndham. Mr Wilson was born in 1806, in Dunedin, where he was educated, and worked at his trade for about fifteen years. He established his present business at Wyndham in 1900, and his premises, which occupy part of a wood and iron building, consist of a shop and work-room. Mr Wilson was a member of the old Waikare Rifles for about seven years, and is a Past Chief Ranger of Court Pride of Dunedin, Ancient Order of Foresters, of which his father, Mr John Wilson, was secretary for thirty-three years. In 1893, Mr Wilson was married to a daughter of Mr Daniel Evans, ot North East Valley, Dunedin, and has three sons and one daughter.
, Saddler and Harnessmaker, Balaclava Street, Wyndham. This business is carried on in freehold premises, and four persons are employed by the proprietor, who supervises the business himself. He also owns a farm of 150 acres at Menzies Ferry, and another of 361 acres, eighteen miles farther out in the country. On both farms mixed farming is carried on, and Mr Winter exhibits cattle, horses, pigs, and sometimes poultry at the public shows. He was born in 1851, at Lurgan West, County Antrim, Ireland, where he was brought up on his father's farm. He was apprenticed to the saddlery trade, and after working for some time as a journeyman, came to New Zealand in 1873, and started work in Dunedin. Mr Winter was subsequently at Milton for a short time before acquiring his present business at Wyndham. He was a member of the Wyndham Town Board for many years, and also of the Oteramika Road Board. Mr Winter, who is one of the directors of the Wyndham Dairy Factory Company, is a Master Mason in Lodge Southern Cross, and a member of Lodge Alma, Independent Order of Oddfellows, American Constitution. He was married, in 1878, to a daughter of Mr John Templeton, farmer, Waimatuku, and has seven sons and three daughters. (After this article was monolined, Mr Winter sold his business, and went on a visit to England.)
, is situated in Balaclava Street, and a full stock of farm rs' requisites is kept.
, Manager of the Wyndham branch of the National Mortgage and Agency Company, was born in 1884, at Forest Hill, in the Winton district, and was educated there, and at Wyndham. For some time he was employed as a traveller for Mr James Macalister, importer of agricultural Implements and machinery
, Wyndham. This company's mill was established in 1903. The machinery includes a stripper and water scutcher, which are driven by a seven horse-power steam engine, and a dry scutcher, worked by an eight horse-power oil engine. About twenty men are employed at the mill, and the output has frequently been as high as twenty tons of dressed flax per month.
, Engine-driver at the Field-Gibson Company's mill, was born at Wakanui, Canterbury, on the 21st May, 1879, and was educated at Otautau. He was brought up as an engineer, and was afterwards engaged as engine-driver at Merrivale sawmill, where he was employed for two years. He then took up farming for some time, and afterwards became a partner in the Scott's Gap flaxmill, now the Field-Gibson Company's mill. Mr Moffat has had charge of the machinery since the establishment of the mill, which was recently removed from Scott's Gap to Wyndham.
is situated in the Wyndham Valley, about four miles from Wyndham. The mill is well equipped with two portable engines and a complete plant.
, Engineer at the Redan Flaxmili, holds a second-class competency certificate for driving stationary engines. He was born in 1881, at Wyndham. where he was educated, and engaged in general work until starting engine-driving with his present employer in August, 1902. Mr Crighton is a member of the local Lodge of Foresters, and he has taken part in cycling contests at Wyndham and Gore.
, Farmer, “Oware Bank,” Mimihau, Wyndham. Mr Beange was born in 1836, at Aberdeen, Scotland, and was brought up on his father's farm. He came to Port Chalmers, in 1860, and after gaining experience at general work for a short time, he took up a small farm on the Taieri, and started carrying to the diggings. Mr Beange came to the Wyndham district in 1867, and took his present property, consisting of 500 acres, on which he runs about 1,400 Border Leicester sheep, and he also owns another sheep farm of 1,030 acres at Mokoreta. Mr Beange has been secretary and treasurer of the Mimihau school committee for twenty-eight years; he has been a member of the Wyndham Agricultural and Pastoral Society since its inception, was president for one term, and is now a member of the committee. He was married, in 1860, to a daughter of the late Mr Burnett, of Strichan, Aberdeen, Scotland, and has a family of eight sons and five daughters.
, Farmer, Redan, Wyndham. Mr Greenlees was born at Campbelltown, Argyleshire, Scotland, on a farm which had been four generations in his family. He was brought up to farming, and managed a farm for five years before coming to Otago in 1878. In 1879, Mr Grrenlees settled in the Wyndham district, where he engaged in general work. In 1884, he took up 232 acres of his present holding, but he has since increased it to 420 acres of freehold, and 123 acres of leasehold, on which
, Farmer, “Law-field,” Wyndham. Mr Laidlaw was born at the farm of Loguhariot in the parish of Borthwick, Edinburgh, Scotland, in 1845, educated at Dalkeith and Edinburgh, and worked as an engineer for five years before coming to New Zealand, in 1869, by the ship “Agnes Muir.” He spent two years in an, engineering establishment in Dunedin, and about 1874 took a threshing plant from Dunedin to Oamaru, and later to the Timaru district. Mr Laidlaw afterwards held a farm in the Dunedin district for a year or two before removing to Wyndam, where he and his brother, Mr Adam Laidlaw, own 613 acres of land, which is devoted to mixed farming, and sheep, pigs, and other stock are exhibited at the Wyndham show. Mr Laidlaw was a member of the Wyndham Road Board from its inception to within a short period of its amalgamation with the County Council, and he is a member of the Redan school committee, and of the Wyndham Agricultural and Pastoral Society. He married a daughter of the late Mr Graham, of Wyndham Valley, and has one son and one daughter.
, J. P., Farmer, “Thistledown,” Wyndham. Mr Milne was born in 1838, in Kincardineshire, Scotland, where he was educated and brought up to country life. He came to Port Chalmers in 1860 by the ship “Pladda,” engaged in farming work in the Taieri district, and was afterwards at Gabriel's Gully, where he was subsequently employed in a store. Mr Milne then moved to Lovell's Flat, where he farmed for two years, and started a threshing mill, which he worked in the districts between Lovell's Flat and Wyndham for a number of years. About 1866, he bought the nucleus of his present property, which he has since increased to 350 acres. When taken up, the land was in its natural state, but it has now all been cultivated, and is used for dairying and mixed farming. Mr Milne was the first chairman of the Wyndham Road Board; was afterwards for many years a member of the local school committee; was president of the Wyndham Agricultural and Pastoral Association on three different occasions; and was for twenty years a director of the Wyndham dairy factory, of which he was chairman for four years. He was also a member of the Southland County Council for a term, a member of the Wyndham Cemetery and Recreation Reserve Trusts; a member of the Wyndham branch of the New Zealand Farmers' Union, and vice-president for the Southland provincial district; and since 1896, he has been president of the National Dairy Association for the South Island. Mr Milne was married, in 1858, to a daughter of the late Mr Robert Farquhar, of Aberdeenshire, Scotland, and has had eight sons and seven daughters, of whom one daughter has died.
, Farmer, Redan Wyndham. Mr Williamson was born in 1848, near St. Andrews, Fifeshire, Scotland, where he was educated and brought up on his father's farm. He came to Port Chalmers in 1875 by the ship “Wild Deer,” and worked at a sawmill in Dunedin for about five years. He afterwards managed “Springbank,” for Judge Ward for a year, and Monte Christo for Messrs John Reid and Sons for five years, and was also manager at Morton Mains, and at Blackstone, in the Mossburn district. Mr Williamson worked a farm of 1,000 acres at Mossburn for about nine years, and was engaged in dairyfarming at Titiroa for four years before buying his present farm in 1903. The property consists of 550 acres, and a fine homestead and farm buildings have been erected. Mr Williamson was married, in 1878, to a daughter of Mr James Smith, warehouseman, Dunedin, and has three sons and three daughters.
, sometime proprietor of the Railway Hotel, Wyndham, was a very old and much respected colonist. He was born in Kirkeudbright, Scotland, in 1828. At the age of twenty-five years, he emigrated to Victoria, and remained in that colony for nearly eleven years, chiefly engaged in mining pursuits. He then came to New Zealand, and was shortly after joined by his brother Walter, with whom he entered into business, and the partnership was dissolved only by the death of his brother. Messrs Blackley Brothers were
, An early pioneer Victorian settler of the fifties, and the eldest son of the Very Rev. James Collins, D.D., Dean of Killala, County Mayo, Ireland, was born in 1833, in Cavan, County Cavan, Ireland, and was educated for the Army at the Royal School, Cavan. Mr Collins, however, joined the service of the Provincial Bank of Ireland at Monaghan, in 1852, but left Ireland for Melbourne in 1853, and joined the post office at Bendigo in 1854. Subsequently, he engaged in mining at “Jim Crow,” Castlemaine, until 1858, when he re-visited his native land. He was married, in 1859, and sailed for New Zealand, arriving in Canterbury in December of the same year. In 1860, he settled in Southland, and was engaged in farming operations in the New River district untill March, 1888. Mr Collins took an active interest in the political, social and pastoral affairs of the district, and was elected a member of the first Provincial Council, and also was a member of the road board. He was one of the promoters of the Southland Frozen Meat Company, an industry which has conferred such vast benefits on Southland, and he was also a subscribing member of the Southland Acclimatisation Society. His son, Mr E. E. Collins, is noticed in connection with the dredging industry, under Waikaia.
is a farming settlement in the Toetoes riding of the county of Southland, and in the eltorate of Mataura. It is the terminus of the Edendale-Glenham branch line of railway, and lies six miles to the southward of Wyndham. The railway station is 240 feet above the level of the sea. A good deal of the land held in large areas in the district was bought back by the Government, and subdivided for closer settlement. The business of the local post office and telephone bureau is conducted at the house of the resident railway ganger. Glenham has a public school, with an average attendance of twenty-six.
, Farmer, Glenham Homestead, Glenham. When the Glenham estate was broken up Mr Thompson secured the homestead block of 540 acres, with the residence, fine grounds, and farm buildings, and he devotes his property to mixed farming. Mr Thompson was born at Derrygame, County Derry, Ireland, and educated at the Castle Dawson National School. He was brought up on his father's farm, came to New Zealand in 1883, and engaged in farm work with his brother at Mosgiel. Mr Thompson was cropping on the Henley estate, carting to Dunedin, and doing general contracting for a few years, and afterwards leased a farm at North Taieri. He then paid a two years' visit to the Old Country, and on his return acquired his present holding. Mr Thomson was a member of the Wylie's Crossing school committee, and secretary for a term, and he has been chairman of the Glenham school committee since his arrival in the district in 1888. He married a daughter of Mr James Miller, farmer, County Antrim, Ireland, and has four sons and two daughters.
is an agricultural and sheepfarming district, in the Wyndham valley, on the banks of the Mokoreta river. It is in the Toetoes riding of the county of Southland, and in the electorate of Mataura, and lies about sixteen miles south-east from Wyndham towards Waikawa. At the census of 1901 there was a population of forty-seven in the township, and forty-three additional in the valley. Mokoreta has a post office, and there is a public school, with an average attendance of twenty-five children. The settlers have a cheese factory; and in 1904 a Presbyterian church, with seating-room for 100 adults, was built in the settlement.
, Sheepfarmer, “Mount Egmont,” Mokoreta. Mr McRae was born in 1845, at Lochalsh, Ross-shire, Scotland, where he was educated and brought up on his father's farm. He came to the Bluff by the ship “Helenslea,” in 1863, and went to Glenure station, where he was shepherding for eight
is a comparatively new bush settlement, about thirteen miles from Waikawa. It is partly in the Clutha, and partly in the Mataura electorate, and partly in the Catlins riding of Clutha county, and partly in the Toetoes riding of the county of Southland. Its population, as recorded for the Catlins riding, at the census of 1901, was 151. The district has a public school and a post office.
, Master of Chasland's Public School, was born in London, England, in 1869. He was educated at the Palmerston District High school, during the rectorship of Mr. William Portecus, served four years as a pupil teacher, and afterwards studied at the Normal Training College, Dunedin, for eighteen months. Mr. Appleby, who holds an E2 certificate, was appointed to the school at Cambrians in 1890. He was one of the founders of the Loyal United Brothers' Lodge, I.O.O.F.M.U., at Cambrians, whence he was transferred to the school at Chasland's. Mr. Appleby was married, in 1894, to a daughter of Mr. W. Williams, of Cambrians, and has issue.
is the name of a river, a township, and a harbour. The settlement is in the Toetoes riding
is conducted at the store of Mr Henry Templeton, and mails are despatched to and from Fortrose three times a week.
, who acts as Postmaster at Waikawa, carries on a general storekeeping business, and holds the local agency for the New Zealand Insurance Company. He also owns a cattle run of 1,900 acres at Fortrose. Mr Templeton was born in 1853, in Glasgow, Scotland, and came to New Zealand in 1864, by the ship “Paria.” He worked on the Edendale and Isla stations, and then went to the diggings at the head of Lake Wakatipu where he spent two years. After this he learned carpentering, and worked at his trade at Tapanui until 1875, when he removed to Otaraia, and carried on farming and storekeeping combined for about nine years. Mr Templeton afterwards opened a store at Fortrose, which he conducted for ten years, and during that time he bought his Fortrose property. He then spent a year at Thornhill before settling at Waikawa. Mr Templeton was at one time prominent in hammer-throwing and weight-putting contests, in which he has taken first prizes at Invercargill; and he was a member of the Otaraia Road Board, and of the Fortrose and Waikawa school committees. He married the eldest daughter of Mr John Moir, farmer, Otara, and has two sons. Mrs Templeton was born at Waikouaiti, New Zealand.
is about four miles from Waikawa, on the river of that name, and forms part of the electoral district of Mataura. It is in the Toetoes riding of the county of Southland. At the census of 1901, the village had a population of eighty-seven. The local public school has an average attendance of thirty-five, and the settlement has a butcher's shop, a store, a post office and a public library. Sawmilling is the chief local industry, but farming is also carried on to some extent. The Presbyterian Home Missionary at Waikawa holds services at Niagara from time to time.
, Farmer, Niagara. Mr McColgan holds about 800 acres of land in the district, mostly bush, and he also acts as yard manager at Messrs Murdoch and Roff's sawmill, Niagara. Mr McColgan was born in 1856, at Donagh, County Donegal, Ireland, where he was educated. He was employed in a soft goods warehouse in Belfast, before coming to the Bluff in 1874, by the ship “Kerry Castle.” He followed general work for several years, but about 1886 he started a sawmill in the Waikawa district, and conducted it for eight years before settling at Niagara. Mr McColgan is a member of the Niagara Library Committee.
, as a name, applies to a well-known river, to a riding of the county of Southland, and to a borough. The settlement is thirty-three miles from Invercargill, and 107 from Dunedin, on the Dune-din-Invercargill main line of railway. Its affairs were managed by a Town Board from 1882 to 1895, but since then they have been under the jurisdiction of a Borough Council. The township is surrounded on all sides by the county of Southland, and extends to both banks of the Mataura river; though the larger part of the town is on the western or railway side. No newspaper is now published in the town, as the paper which was formerly printed there was absorbed by the “Mataura Ensign,” published at Gore. Mataura has, however, two good hotels, a branch of the bank of New Zealand, and four churches; namely, Presbyterian, Anglican, Church of Christ, and Roman Catholic. There is a local horticultural society, and in 1903 a horticultural hall was erected at a cost of about
contains an area of 530 acres, and in 1904 the annual rateable value of the town was £6,285. The municipality was constituted in 1895, and had been a town district for thirteen years. The gross amount of revenue on general account for the year ending the 31st of March, 1904, was £1,688, which included a debit balance of £298. Mataura is lighted by seven electric are lamps, and the energy is supplied by the local freezing works. There is ample drainage into the Mataura river. The streets are well laid out, and a good deal of asphalt has been placed on the footpaths. There are thirteen miles of roads in the borough; the main portions of which are metalled, and the remainder formed, The Borough Council's chamber in Denby Street is a brick and concrete building, plastered throughout; it is known as Coronation Hall, and has offices for the Council and the Public Library and reading-room. The bridge, which connects the two sides of the river included in the borough, was erected about 1880 by the Southland County Council, which still contributes towards its maintenance, but the principal burden of the cost is borne by the Borough Council. On the east side of the river about a mile from the post office, lies the local cemetery, which is under the control of the council. The Waimumu tail race, which is also under the control of the council, joins the Mataura river about a mile below the centre of the town, and forms the south and west boundary of the borough. The loans of the borough consist of £600, borrowed for the erection of Coronation Hall, and subsidised with £200 from the Government; also £400 for drainage works; £300 for electric light supply and installation; and £200 for footpaths. The council intends to instal electric light in the borough, including fittings and metres, and the charge for energy will be under contract with the local freezing company. Members of the Council for 1904–5: Mr John Lowden (Mayor), and Messrs E. Balneaves, H Cameron. W. Coster, W. Gardiner, J. Heslen, John Lowden. junior, A. Murley, C. P. Sleeman, and H. Walton, councillors. Mr J. C. McDonald is Engineer, and Mr J. C. Macgregor, Town Clerk.
, after serving as a councillor of the borough of Mataura for fourteen years, was elected Mayor in 1903, and re-elected in 1904–5. He was born on the 8th of October, 1844, in County Durham, England, attended school at Sheriff Hill, Gateshead, and learned engineering at his father's ironworks at Sunderland, conducted
, who served on the local Road Board, and was almost continuously a member of the Town Board and several times its chairman, was one of the first councillors of the borough, and has been twice Mayor of Mataura. Mr Cameron was first elected Mayor in 1897, and during his term had the honour of receiving the Governor, when His Excellency officially visited Mataura, and he was elected Mayor for a second term in 1902. Mr Cameron was born in Scotland, in 1834, was educated in his native village, and sailed with Dr. Menzies for Sydney, by the ship “Star of the East,” from which he transhipped to Otago in 1854. Dr. Menzies took up a run in the Wyndham district, where Mr Cameron remained up to 1864, when he launched out for himself, and was principally engaged in mining at Switzers for several years. He then kept an accommodation house at Mataura, and subsequently built the present hotel, which he conducted for thirty years. Then he leased it to Mr M. Kett in 1898; but has since resumed possession. Mr Cameron has always identified himself with the welfare of the district, and also takes a keen interest in football; he was president of the Southland Rugby Union and Mataura Football Club; has been president of the Mataura Rifle Club since its inception; has served on the local school committee, the Lyndhurst and Waimumu Road Board and the Mataura Town Board; and is an enthusiastic member of the Southland Gaelic Society, of which he is vice-president. For many years Mr Cameron farmed 200 acres adjoining the borough, but has since sold fifty acres containing lignite. In 1854, Mr Cameron was one of a party who walked overland from Dunedin to Invercargill to pay over the purchase money of the Southland block of land to the Maoris, who assembled at the Bluff, where they received the cash. The party consisted of the commissioner, Mr Mantell, with Dr. Menzies, Captain Bellairs, Mr John Studholme, Mr William Stuart, and others, besides Maoris and policemen. In 1869, Mr Cameron married, Catherine, daughter of the late Mr Donald Bain, of Blueskin, and nine children have been born of this union.
has been a member of the Mataura Borough Council since 1896, except during one year, when he declined to stand for election. He was born in Cornwall, England, in 1856, was brought up to outdoor pursuits, and was coachman to a gentleman for seven years before deciding to emigrate to New Zealand. Mr Sleeman landed at Lyttelton from the ship “Piako,” in 1879, and spent his first
has, expect for one year, been a member of the Mataura Borough Council since 1898. He was born in 1868, at Mataura, where he was educated, and was brought up to the engineering business by his late father. On the death of his father, he, with two brothers, founded the firm of W. Gardiner and Co., with which he has since been prominently connected. Mr Gardiner takes an active interest in the Mataura Athletic Society, of which he has been chairman since 1902. He was married, in 1889, to a daughter of the late Mr Robert Shanks, of Tuturau; but his wife died in 1890. In 1892, Mr Gardiner married a daughter of the late Mr John Powley, of Milton, and, of three sons born of this union, one has died.
has held a seat on the Mataura Borough Council since 1902, and was previously, for three years, a member of the Mataura Town Board. He was born in the parish of Fearn, Forfarshire, Scotland, in 1855; served his apprenticeship as a draper at Brechin, and came to Port Chalmers by the ship “Oamaru,” in 1872. For a year Mr Balneaves was employed by Messrs M. Ryrie and Co., at Balclutha, but then settled at Mataura, where he entered into the butchering business as a partner in the firm of Balneaves, Mc-Kechnie and Co. Some years later, he sold out, and in 1886, entered the service of Messrs J. MacGibbon and Sons, in the drapery department, to the management of which he was promoted in 1898, and when the business was reconstructed in March, 1905, under the style of John MacGibbon and Sons, Limited, he was admitted into partnership. Mr Balneaves has been a member of the Mataura school committee since 1890. He was at one time secretary of the Mataura Caledonain Society; he was president and treasurer of the local horticultural society in turn; and is an active member of the Mataura Rifle Club, of which he has been secretary for some years. Mr Balneaves has been an honorary member of the Mataura Lodge of Oddfellows, Manchester Unity, since its formation in 1883, and treasurer for the greater part of that time. In 1881, he was married to a daughter of the late Mr Hugh Rankin, of Jameston, Scotland, and has three sons and five daughters; one daughter died in infancy.
, who was elected a member of the Mataura Borough Council in 1902, is a well-known coalmine owner. He was born in Oxfordshire, England, in 1863, went to school in his native place, and accompanied his parents to Port Chalmers by the ship “Buckinghamshire,” in 1871. After being six years in Mataura, Mr Coster found employment in various parts of Southland, and was farming at Forest Hill for eight years. Having removed to Mataura, he entered into the coal trade, and opened up the Mataura Lignite Pit on fifty acres of leasehold, which his firm—Beattie, Coster and Co—has acquired as a freehold. The seam is very regular, and averages fifteen feet in thickness, and the firm holds the contract to supply the local paper mills for seven years. Mr Coster was married, in 1882, to a daughter of the late Mr Samuel Shaw, of Scotland, and has four sons and six daughters.
became a member of the Mataura Borough Council in 1902. He is referred to in another article as manager of the Mataura Paper Mill.
, J.P., who has been a member of the Mataura Borough Council, was born in Glasgow, Scotland, in 1839, and arrived with his parents in Dunedin in 1849. Prior to settling in Mataura, Mr MacGibbon was engaged in pastoral pursuits, but in 1872, he and his father and brother started business as general merchants at Gore and Mataura. He has taken a very active part in public affairs during his residence in Southland, and has filled positions on many local bodies. At present he is a member of the Southland Education Board, of which he was sometime chairman, and representative of the Board on the Board of Otago School Commissioners.
. This building was erected in 1879, and contains a booking and goods office, a public lobby, waiting and luggage-rooms, etc., besides one of the largest goods sheds on the Southland section. Outward freight consists principally of paper, frozen mutton, rabbits, wool, grain, dairy produce, and locally manufactured agricultural implements.
, Stationmaster at Mataura, was born at Bishopton, Kirkcudbrightshire, Scotland, in 1874, and was educated at the Burgh and Kircudbright Academies. After leaving school, he proceeded to Bradford, Yorkshire, where he entered the service of Messrs A. and S Henry and Co, soft goods merchants, with whom he remained until the failure of the City of Glasgow Bank. He then sailed for New Zealand, in 1879, by the s.s. “Kent,” via Melbourne, and, in 1881, joined the New Zealand Railway Department as a porter at Lawrence. Subsequently, he was promoted assistant stationmaster at Pelichet Bay, and afterwards temporary station-master at Mataura. For some time he acted as relieving officer, and in 1885 was permanently appointed to Mataura. Mr Grierson is a member of the American Order of Oddfellows, and is Past Grand of the Lodge Mataura, No. 40. He was married, in 1889, to Miss Macgregor a daughter of the Town Clerk of Mataura
was built in 1878, and was considerably enlarged six weeks later; but as early as 1868 services were held in the settlement. The building, which is of wood and iron, has accommodation for 220 adults. It stands on part of a quarter-acre section fronting Kana Street, and the site was presented by Messrs Pollock Brothers, in the early days. An additional
, Independent Order of Oddfellows, Manchester Unity, was established in 1900. The officers in 1904 were: Mr W. Stark, Grand Master; Mr H. Dawson, Past Grand; Mr B. Downs, Vice Grand; and Mr J. Henry, Permanent Secretary. There is a membership of thirty-two.
, Permanent Secretary of Loyal Mataura Falls Lodge and a Past Grand of the Order, was born in 1863, in Kent, England. He attended school in his native place, and was apprenticed to engineering at Messrs Spalding and Hodge's paper works, Dartford. For three years subsequently he was in Edinburgh, as an improver, and for eighteen months he was employed by Messrs J. and E. Hall, Dartford, freezing machine manufacturers. He then entered the service of Messrs Maisin and Scott, paper making engineers, with whom he remained till 1893, when he was sent to New Zealand to erect the modern plant at the Mataura Falls Paper Mill, and arrived at Wellington by the s.s. “Rimutaka.” Having completed his mission. Mr Henry continued to supervise the machinery as engineer for eight years. As a volunteer. Mr Henry served four years in the 2nd West Kent Queen's Own. He joined Lodge Good Intent, Manchester Unity, at Dartford in 1880, was transferred to the United Gore Lodge on reaching New Zealand, but afterwards took a prominent part in founding Mataura Falls Lodge. He was married, in 1894, to a daughter of the late Mr Charles Humphries, of Mataura, and has five sons and one daughter.
, Accountant, Bridge Street Mataura. Mr Murdoch was born in Glasgow, Scotland, in 1854, and was brought up to mercantile life in his native city. He came to Port Chalmers, in 1882, by the ship, “Ravenscraig,” and found employment in Messrs Guthrie and Larnach's office, and subsequently at their large mill at Catlin's river. For nine years subsequently he was with Messrs McKay Brothers, at Roxburgh. On removing to Waikoikoi, he managed a store for Mr James Mair, of Tapanui, for seven years. In 1898, Mr Murdoch arrived in Mataura to wind up an estate, and afterwards entered the employment of Mr W. J. Irwin, with whom he continued till 1903, when he became accountant to Mr F. J. Sherwood. Mr Murdoch acts as agent in Mataura for the Victoria Insurance Company. He was for some time a member of the Roxburgh Licensing Committee, and served on the Roxburgh and Waikoikoi school committees. Mr Murdoch acted as organist of the Waikoikoi Presbyterian church, and occasionally lent his assistance while at Roxburgh. On leaving these places he received presentations from the residents. Mr Murdoch was married, in 1888, to a daughter of the late Mr Neil McKay, of Sutherlandshire, Scotland.
, Builder and Contractor, Wyndham Road, Mataura. Mr Thorn was born in Essex, England, in November, 1872, and was brought to Port Chalmers by the ship “Waimea,” at the age of three. He was educated in Dunedin, where also he learned his trade under his father, Mr C. J. Thorn. He was for three years a member of the Peninsula Navals, and is a member of the Sons and Daughters of Temperance, Dunedin. Mr Thorn established himself as a builder in Mataura in 1893. His premises consist of a workshop and residence, on a freehold section of half an acre. He erected the Mataura Horticultural Hall, from his own design, made large additions to the Mataura Falls Paper Mill, and built the residence, stables and woolshed, of Mr M. Friedlander, at Waimumu. Mr Thorn was married, in January, 1898, to a daughter of Mr D. McGowan, of Mataura, farmer, and has two sons and one daughter.
, Builder and Contractor, Mataura. Mr Young was born in the parish of Fenwick, Ayrshire, Scotland, on the 25th of November, 1841. After leaving school, he learned his trade under his father, with whom he worked till 1862, when he came to Port Chalmers, New Zealand. At first, he found work at his trade in the Taieri district, and eighteen months later, in Green Island. Subsequently, he bought seventy acres of land at Otepopo, but shortly afterwards sold out, and settled in Mataura, in 1867. Mr Young bought fifty acres at Tuturau, where he lived for some time. At a later date he took up 220 acres on the Dunedin road, but sold out in 1884, and bought 226 acres towards Edendale, on which he lived till 1900. Since disposing of his farm, he has followed the calling of a builder in Mataura. Mr Young was for some time a member of the Tuturau Road Board. He was married, in 1889, to a daughter of the late Mr Stuart, of Rutherglen, Lanarkshire, Scotland.
, Wheelwright and Builder, Main Street, Mataura. Mr Smith was born in 1839, in Forfarshire, Scotland, where he was educated and apprenticed as a wheelwright. He came to Port Chalmers by the ship “Nelson,” in 1863, and went to Balclutha, where he worked at his trade
, Painter and House Decorator, Kana Street, Mataura. Mr Stevens was born at Harwich, Essex, England, in 1862, and arrived at Port Chalmers in 1874. He served seven years as an apprentice in that place, and afterwards worked at Oamaru, but then returned to the Port, and started business on his own account. In 1882, he became a member of the firm of Gilbert and Stevens, at Gore, and some years later was in business on his own account at that place. Mr Stevens removed to Mataura, in 1901. As an Oddfellow, he is a Past Grand of the Gore Lodge, Manchester Unity. He was for five years a member of the Gore school committee, and for part of the time secretary; he also served for six years as a member of the Gore Fire Brigade. Mr Stevens was among those who made the first move to establish services of the Wesleyan body at Gore, and was the first Sunday school superintendent. He was married, in 1882, to a daughter of the late Mr Robert Hagan, of Dunedin, and has three sons and three daughters.
(Hugh Cameron, proprietor), Main Street, Mataura. The hotel, which is of two stories, is built of wood and iron, and contains thirty-three rooms, including two dining-rooms with accommodation for seventy guests. The original house was erected at the Falls, but the business was removed to its present site about two years after the erection of the bridge. Mr Cameron is referred to in another article as a member of the Mataura Borough Council.
, Engineers, Implement Makers, Iron and Brass Founders, Kana Street, Mataura, and Ordsall Street, Gore. Bankers: Bank of New Zealand. Home Agents, Messrs James Mc-Ewan and Co., 27 Lombard Street, London, E.C. Telephone 4, Mataura; 48, Gore; P.O., Box 9, Mataura. This business, which was founded in 1862 by the late Mr. William Gardiner, who died in 1895, is now carried on by his three sons, William, Alexander, and Edward. The Mataura works are situated in a commanding position immediately opposite the Mataura suspension bridge. So successful has the business been that, though it began in a comparatively small way, it now occupies a leading position among implement factories. It has six forges worked by blasts, a five hundred weight steam hammer, turning and screw cutting lathes, boring machines, emery grinding wheels, cutting and punching machine, plate bending rolls, and mould board and share presses. The foundry is furnished with cupolas for melting iron and brass, a core drying stove, a crane and appliances for turning out light and heavy castings. The manufactures include all sorts of ploughs, for which the
, Engineer, Wheelwright, Coachbuilder, and General Blacksmith, Bridge Street, Mataura. This business dates from 1883, and has, from the first, been conducted by the present proprietor. The buildings stand at the corner of Bridge Street, opposite the railway, and are constructed of wood and iron. They consist of an engineer's shop, wheelwright's shop, and a smith's shop, in addition to four retail shops — which are let — and a dwelling house. Mr Lowden has a full plant, including two forges, and manufactures both light and heavy vehicles. He is referred to in another article as Mayor of Mataura.
(John Galt), Ironmongers, General Blacksmiths, Agricultural Implement Makers and Coach-builders, Bridge and River Streets, Mataura. This business was established by-Messrs John and James Galt in 1890, but has been conducted solely by Mr John Galt since 1898. The site comprises three-eighths of an acre of freehold land, on which most of the buildings have been erected by the firm. The ironmongery shop, which is constructed of wood, iron and brick, has a thirty-two feet frontage to Bridge Street, and has two fine show windows. Behind is the blacksmith's shop, which is built of brick, measures 30 feet by 50 feet, and there is a brick store, 18 feet by 25 feet. The coachbuilding department is conducted in a wood and iron building, the body shop measuring 30 feet by 25 feet, and the paint shop 30 feet by 20 feet; the machine shop has three forges, besides screwing and boring machines. In 1904, an engine trolly capable of carrying twelve tons was turned out. All kinds of agricultural implements are made; a special line being drain ploughs, which are sent all over the colony.
was born in 1871, at Tuturau, where he attended school. He learned his trade at Mataura, and worked for eight years before entering into business. Mr Galt served six years on the Mataura Borough Council, two years on the Mataura school committee, and has been a member of the Mataura Rifle Club since 1902. In 1898, he was married to a daughter of the late Mr Duncan Macpherson, of Hokonui, and has three daughters.
, Cycle Engineer, Bridge Street, Mataura. Head office, Invercargill. This branch of Mr Murie's business was opened on the 4th of September, 1904. The premises consist of a wood and iron building, with a shop, workroom, and residence.
, Manager of Mr Murie's Mataura branch, was born in 1882, at Charlton, Mataura. He was educated in his native place, and brought up to a country life, but developed a liking for cycle-engineering, and after a number of years' experience, was appointed to his present position. Mr Ladbrook, who has done a good deal of road and track racing, and has taken many prizes, is a member of the Mataura Cycling Club.
, Saddler and Harnessmaker, Mataura Saddlery, Mataura. This business was founded by Mr John Bigwood in 1882, on the site now occupied by the Bank of New Zealand, at the head of Bridge Street, Mataura. Two years later, it was removed to its present position, next the Mataura Hotel, near the railway station. The building is of wood and iron, and has a corner shop, and workroom. The proprietor was born in 1839, in Wiltshire, England, and served a seven years' apprenticeship to his trade. In 1859, however, he joined the railway service, in which he continued till 1874, when he sailed in the ship “Hindostan” for Port Chalmers. Mr Bigwood joined the railway in Invercargill, and afterwards became ganger at Mataura, and was in that position for four years. When the land was being taken up in the district after the Glasgow Bank failure, he decided to commence business in his own trade. Mr Bigwood has served as a member of the Mataura Town Board and school committee. He was married, in 1863, to a daughter of the late Mr George Leversedge, of London. Mrs Bigwood died on the 1st of January, 1888, leaving six sons and six daughters.
(Southland Frozen Meat Company, proprietors), Mataura. These works are on the western bank of the Mataura river, at the falls. Half the power of the falls is available, for driving purposes, and the production of electric energy, and the freezing works use a turbine of 500 horsepower. The company is under contract to light the borough of Gore as well as Mataura with electric light, and still more of the water power that is available may be used. The buildings are of wood and brick, and contain a very extensive refrigerating plant, and the ammonia process is in operation. The works are connected with the Dunedin-Invercargill line of railway by a siding, and from forty to fifty persons are employed at them. The killing season extends from February to September; and from October to January, which is known as the off season, the manure works are in full operation.
, Chief Engineer and Manager of the Freezing Works, Mataura, is a native of Invercargill, and is the eldest son of the late Mr John Hamilton, of Avenal,
, Second Engineer at the Mataura Freezing Works, has occupied his present position since January, 1901. He was born in Nelson, in August, 1870, and attended school in that city. His father, Mr John Scott, was the first engineer of the Burnside Freezing Works, the first established in the colony, and his brother, the late Mr J. H. Scott, was engineer to the second freezing works established in New Zealand. The subject of this notice was apprenticed in Dunedin to Messrs A. and T. Burt, and, having qualified, served as chief engineer of the freezing hulk “Edwin Fox,” at Port Chalmers for two years, and at Picton for four years. When the hulk was dismantled, he removed to Mataura to take his present position. Mr Scott is a member of the Mataura Rifle Club. In 1897, he was married to a daughter of the late Captain McKinnon, of Port Chalmers, and has two sons and one daughter.
, Third Engineer at the Mataura Freezing Works, was born in Invercargill in February, 1871. After attending school, he served a five years' apprenticeship at the Vulcan Foundry, Invercargill, and afterwards became a fitter at the Implement Company's Works, where he continued till he was appointed to his present position in 1896. Mr Jenkins is a member of the Mataura Athletic Society. He was married, in 1896, to a daughter of Mr John Spratt, sailmaker, of Invercargill, and has one son and one daughter.
, Fourth Engineer at the Mataura Freezing Works, was appointed to his position in March, 1901. Mr Sandilands was born at Balclutha, in 1873. He was educated in Invercargill, and learned engineering with the Southland Implement Company, in the employment of which he continued for eight years and a-half. Mr Sandilands is a member of the American Order of Oddfellows, in Invercargill, and also of the Mataura Cycling and Gun Clubs, and Athletic Society.
(of Taylor and Mann), Rabbit Packing Depot, Mataura. Bankers, Bank of New Zealand. P.O. Box 10. London address, D. Mann and Co., 365, Central Market, Smithfield. This depot was established by Mr Taylor in 1894, he being the first to start freezing rabbits in Southland for shipment to London as profitable articles for export. The factory is capable of preparing 5,000 rabbits per diem; they are frozen at the adjoining freezing works, and the annual shipments average 250,000, forwarded direct to London by the New Zealand Shipping Company and Shire lines. Mr Taylor has succeeded in creating an excellent connection in the Home market, and his depot is one of the most prosperous in Southland; and he is equally successful as an exporter of mutton, lamb and beef.
, who is the second son of the late Mr John Taylor, was born at Sunnyside, Drumoak, Aberdeenshire, Scotland, in 1852. He sailed for Port Chalmers by the s.s.
, Grain, Timber, and General Merchants, Mataura. This large business, which dates from 1872, is conducted in wood and stone buildings on both sides of the river. On the eastern side stand the general store and office, with a separate department for drapery and boots; while near the railway, at the other end of the township, are the grain stores and timber yards.
, second son of Mr Thomas MacGibbon, takes an active part, under his father, in the management of the business. He was born at Mataura, in 1877, and was educated at Mataura and at the Southland High School. After being brought up to the hardware business in Invercargill, Mr MacGibbon was, successively, in the service of the Colonial and New Zealand Hardware Companies, and remained in the employment of these two companies, in Invercargill and Dunedin, for ten years. Since 1900, he has been closely connected with his father's firm. Mr MacGibbon joined the Murihiki Mounted Rifles in 1901, and holds the position of senior sergeant. He is secretary of the Mataura Lawn Tennis Club.
(John McCubbin and Ernest John Cameron), General Storekeepers, Bakers, and Butchers, Main Street, Mataura. This large business was founded in 1874 by Messrs McKechnie and Balneaves; five years later the firm became McKechnie and Thomson, and Mr Thomson afterwards conducted the business solely on his own account for a number of years. Prior to 1903, when Messrs McCubbin and Cameron bought the business, it had been carried on for five years by Mr W. J. Irwin. The premises consist of a wood and iron double-fronted shop, which has the butchery, the bakery and a grocery department, with an office. There is also a substantial stone building, which is utilised as a produce store. The firm employs four carts in the delivery of goods throughout the district.
, Senior Partner of the firm, was born in Dunedin in 1866, and was educated at Milton. He learned his trade with the late Mr George E. Charlton, butcher and storekeeper, at Waitati, where he was for ten years employed also by Mr Kilpatrick, and subsequently carried on business as a butcher at Seacliff. On removing to Invercargill, Mr McCubbin worked at his calling for five years, and for a like period managed the business for Mr Irwin, before joining his partner in its purchase.
, Of the firm of McCubbin and Cameron, was born at Mataura, in 1880. He attended school in Mataura, and studied for a year at the Southland High School, and for two years at the Otago Boys' High School. He was brought up to mercantile life at Mataura, and afterwards acted as clerk to Messrs W. Gardiner and Co. for two years. In 1900, Mr Cameron went to South Africa, and joined the Johannesburg Mounted Rifles, with whom he served seven months, but returned to his native land in 1901. He is a member of the Mataura Boys' Cadets, and holds rank as lieutenant. Mr Cameron was married, in 1904, to a daughter of Mr W. S. D. Trotter, of Hillgrove.
(T. S. Culling and Co., proprietors), Mataura. These mills are situated at the falls, on the Mataura river, about ten miles south of Gore, and about thirty miles from Invercargill, on the main line of railway. The mills were erected in 1875 by an Invercargill syndicate, which received from the Government a freehold of the property on both sides of the river at the falls, with all water rights, so as to be able to utilise the power running to waste. Unfortunately for the original proprietors, they were unable to make the industry a profitable one, and in 1884, the property was bought by the partners in the firm of Coulls, Culling and Co., Dunedin, and Mr T. S. Culling, senior partner in the firm of R. Wilson and Co., Dunedin. In 1893, an entirely new plant displaced the old machinery, and two turbines, developing about 300 horsepower, were erected to utilise the water power. When the late Mr Thomas Culling was manager of the mill, he bought out four of the partners' interests, and at his death bequeathed his share to his son, Mr T. S. Culling, who was then, for some time, with Mr J. L. Gregory, owner of the industry. Towards the end of 1904, the firm was changed to a Limited Liability Company, in which Mr Culling still (1905) has an interest. At the mills the steady rush of water over the falls is utilised for driving two turbines, of 50 horse-power and 250 horse-power, respectively, and this is supplemented by steam for drying and boiling purposes. The material used for paper-making consists of bags, rope, flax, rags, old paper, books, telegraph forms, imported jute and wood pulp, besides natural clays for colouring purposes. Sorting, picking and classing are the preliminary processes in dealing with the raw material, which is then chopped up into small pieces and boiled with caustic soda in rotary boilers. On passing into the beating engines, it becomes pulp, receives the required colour, and is then ready for the paper-making machine, which is a marvel of inventive skill, and, like all the rest of the plant, is automatic in action. The pulp runs into the machine as a liquid, and finally emerges from the drying cylinders as a huge roll of paper ready for cutting, folding and packing for the market. There are also three modern bag-making machines, and two machines for printing the bags; and about fifty-two persons find regular employment. The product of the mills is well known to business men; every variety of high class wrapping paper is made, and the paper-bag manufacturing department is supplied with the most modern machinery. At the various exhibitions that have been held in the large towns of the colony many first prizes have been awarded to the goods manufactured at the Mataura Paper Mills. The head office of the mills is at Crawford Street, Dunedin; and Mr T. S. Culling is further referred to at page 405 of this volume, as a member of the St. Kilda Borough Council.
, Manager of the Mataura Paper Mills, was born in Liverpool, England, in 1863, and went to school at New Brighton, Cheshire. Before sailing for Port Chalmers in the ship “Calypso,” with his father, the late Mr A. Walton, of the Customs, Liverpool, Mr Walton was for four years at sea. In 1878, he arrived at Dunedin, where he was for five years in legal offices, and subsequently travelled for Dunedin firms. Ultimately, he removed to Mataura with the late Mr Thomas Culling—his stepfather—at the time of the starting of the paper mill by the firm. Mr Walton has since that time been connected with this industry, and was promoted to the position of manager in
, Papermaker at the Mataura Falls Paper Mill, was born in 1857, in Aberdeenshire, Scotland, where he attended school, and commenced his experience of paper manufacturing in the parish of Peter Coulter. He emigrated to Sydney, New South Wales, in 1876, and worked at his trade in that city. Two years later, Mr Anderson came to New Zealand, and settled at Mataura, and, excepting for eighteen months at the Woodhaugh Mill, he has ever since been employed at Mataura Falls Paper Mill. He understands every department of the trade, and worked the Woodhaugh Mill, and, for four months, the Mataura Mill, under contract. Mr Anderson received a letter from the original proprietors certifying that he was the only one, who, during their ownership, had worked the establishment profitably. He served for a few years as a volunteer in Aberdeenshire. Mr Anderson was married, in 1881, to a daughter of Mr W. H. Philips, of Dunedin and Sydney, bricklayer, and has seven sons and three daughters.
, Papermaker at the Mataura Mills, was appointed to his position in 1897. He was born in Edinburgh, Scotland, in 1860, attended school at Lasswade, and learned the trade of papermaking under Messrs William Todd, Junior, and Co., Springfield, and at other mills. In January, 1880, he arrived at Port Chalmers by the ship “Wanganui,” went to work for the Otago Paper Company, Dunedin, and was afterwards employed by Messrs Ferguson and Mitchell. Mr Ross made a trip to the Homeland, in 1883, and on returning, in January, 1884, commenced work at the Mataura Mills, with which, he has since been connected. He has, since 1889, been a member of Lodge No. 40, of the Independent Order of Oddfellows, has passed all the chairs, and holds office as auditor. He is a dog and poultry fancier, and a member of the Gore and Mataura Fanciers' Clubs. Mr Ross was married to a daughter of Mr J. Thornby, of Mataura, in 1885, and has two daughters and one son.
(James Paterson, proprietor), Wyndham Road, Mataura. This mill was started in 1903, and is driven by a ten horsepower steam engine. The output is over four tons of fibre weekly, and about twenty-four persons find employment at the mill.
, Engineer at Paterson's Flaxmill, was appointed to his position in 1903. He was born in Bergen, Norway, in 1853, went to school there, and afterwards took a three years' course at the Bergen Polytechnical School. In 1879, he landed in Melbourne, and, three months afterwards, in New Zealand. Mr Haukeland found employment for about eighteen years at meat preserving works in the Timaru and Kakanui districts. He went to the Macquarie Islands in 1898, and in the following year arrived in Mataura, where he found employment at the freezing works. Mr Haukeland, who holds an engineer's certificate, commenced his experience in flax milling in 1903.
(Ewen Duncan Cameron, proprietor), Main Street, Mataura. These stables, which adjoin the Mataura Hotel and hall, were established in the early seventies. They are two stories in height, are built of stone, and contain seventeen stalls and five loose boxes, besides buggy-sheds and a large hay loft. About eight horses are at work, and the vehicles include two double buggies, three gigs and a drag, to seat twenty adults. Mr Cameron was born at Mataura, in 1879, went to school in the district, and has always had to do with horses. In
, General Carrier, Mataura. Mr Parker was born at Wyndham, in September, 1874, and was brought up to outdoor work. For a time he had the mail contract between Fortrose and Waikawa, and afterwards drove the coach, between Wyndham and Fortrose, for two years. He then engaged in road work, in the Wyndham district, for four years. On removing to Mataura, Mr Parker carted coal to the Waimumu Queen dredge for two years, when he was laid up for twelve months. In 1904, he established his business as a carrier, and employs two expresses in the work. Mr Parker resides on a leasehold of ten acres on the Warekiki road, where also he has his stables. He was married, in 1896, to a daughter of the late Mr John Milne, of Woodlands, and has three sons.
, Watchmaker, Stationer, Fancy Goods Dealer, News Agent, and Photographer, corner of Bridge Street, opposite the railway, Mataura. The proprietor founded this business in 1892. There are three show windows in the shop and a general stock is maintained by Mr Greenwood, who acts as agent for Prictor's magazine depot. Mr Greenwood was born in 1866, in London, where he was educated, and landed at Wellington in 1888 by the s.s. “Tainui.” For a time he was settled at Henley, Otago, but removed to Invercargill, where he learned watchmaking under Mr N. J. M. Rein. Mr Greenwood is a member of the Mataura Cycling Club. He was married, in 1896, to a daughter of Mr William Wilson, of Port Molyneux, and has one son.
, Farmer, “Lyndhurst,” Mataura. Mr Argyle was born in May, 1833, in Derbyshire, England, where he was educated, and learned the trade of a blacksmith. Till 1865, he worked at his calling, but embarked in that year on the ship “Echunga,” for Port Chalmers. After being a short time in Dunedin and Timaru, he settled in the Taieri, where he was in business as a blacksmith for twelve years. Mr Argyle then took up land at Otama, and farmed at that place for twenty-four years, and also worked at his trade. Having sold out, he bought 217 acres at Mataura, in 1902, and has since resided on this property. Mr Argyle visited the Cape of Good Hope in 1859, and a few years later spent a winter in America; but returned to England before he decided to become a colonist in New Zealand. He was married, in 1855, to a daughter of Mr Joseph Jacques, of Willoughby, England. Mrs Argyle died at Otama, in 1900, leaving three sons and three daughters.
, Farmer, “Kanadale,” Mataura. Mr Cockburn's property consists of 160 acres of freehold, and he owns also eighty-four acres on the hill near by. His crossbred Jersey cattle produce splendid milk, and the separator and churn are worked by water power. Mr Cockburn bought his first separator at the Dunedin Exhibition of 1889, and has continuously used this method in dairy work. He was born at Montrose, Forfarshire, Scotland, in 1833. On leaving school in 1848, he went to sea, out of Newcastle-on-Tyne, and after five years worked his passage to Melbourne. He had ten years' experience on Australian goldfields, and worked at Ballarat, Bendigo, and other fields. In 1863, he arrived at Dunstan, Otago, and shortly afterwards removed with Mr Wilkinson to Invercargill, and built the British Hotel, which Mr Wilkinson conducted. In 1865, Mr Cockburn went to the West Coast, whence he returned in two years. He first went to Mataura in 1867, but almost at once went to Victoria for a year. On returning, he
, Farmer, Mataura. Mr Galt has been closely associated with Otago and Southland for many years. He was born in 1843, in Ayrshire, Scotland, was educated in that shire and in Renfrewshire, and was apprenticed to a carpenter. In 1861, Mr Galt arrived by the ship “Lady Egidia,” at Port Chalmers, and was in business in Dunedin for about three years, and, afterwards, for a like period, at Port Molyneux, in the ironmongery and timber trade. His father, after whom he is named, and who died in December, 1898, was for some time in business in the hardware and building material line in Dunedin before coming to Mataura. With his father and brother, Mr Galt was interested in farming for some time, and ultimately acquired, on his own account, “Kyledale,” Tuturau — a property of 500 acres, which has been brought to a high state of cultivation. During his residence of thirty-eight years on the estate—now leased to his son—Mr Galt had a fine herd of Ayrshire cattle, which are descended from original stock of the strain so successfully bred by his father and brother James. Mr Galt has shunned public life, as he is of a retiring disposition. He was married, in 1863, to a daughter of the late Mr David Dickie, of Kaihiku, Clutha. This lady died in 1895, having had four daughters and eight sons, of whom two sons and one daughter passed away before the mother. Mr Galt contracted a second marriage, in February, 1897, with a daughter of the late Mr John Howe, of South Wyndham, and one son has been born of this union.
, Farmer, Ardoch Farm, Mataura. Mr Hastie's farm consists of 290 acres of rich agricultural land. It was the property of the late Mr Robert Hastie, a well-known settler in the district, and brother of the late Mr Matthew Hastie, well-known in his day as a large contractor. Mr Thomas Hastie is a son of the late Mr Robert Hastie, and was born at Adelaide, South Australia in 1869. He came to New Zealand in 1875 with his parents, and has since then lived in the Mataura district. Mr Hastie was for some time secretary of the Mataura Cricket Club, and is a member of the Mataura Athletic Society, and of the Mataura Horticultural Society.
, Farmer, “Gowanbrae,” Mataura. Mr McGowan was born in County Leitrim, Ireland, in 1837, but before he was ten years old the family went to Scotland, where he was brought up to country pursuits, and worked for fifteen years. He landed at the Bluff on the first of October, 1863, by the ship “Harwood,” and shortly afterwards entered the service of the New Zealand and Australian Land Company, at Morton Mains, where he remained six years. He settled at Long Bush, where he bought a farm, which he worked for eight years. In 1875, he acquired 200 acres at Mataura. The land was then in tussock and flax, and two years later he was able to bring his family to the farm. The land has been brought into cultivation as far as possible, and is used chiefly for sheep farming. Mr McGowan is a shareholder in the local cheese factory, and in the Southland Meat Export Company. He was married in Scotland, on the 5th of July, 1861, to a daughter of the late Alexander Anderson, of Lanarkshire, and has six sons and six daughters, of whom eight are married; and there are twenty-eight grandchildren.
, Farmer, “Glenburnie,” Mataura. Mr Pryde was born in Hifeshire, Scotland,
, Guernsey Park Farm, Mataura. Mr Quertier, whose homestead is within a few minutes' drive of Mataura, is the possessor of a fine herd of Jersey cattle, with which, during the past few years, he has taken over sixty prizes, principally at Dunedin and invercargill. He was judge of Jerseys at the Palmerston North show, and also at Oamaru, in 1903. Mr Quertier, who is a member of the Society of Friends, was born in Guernsey, in 1840, and educated at a private school of the Society of Friends in Oxford. He learned farming in England, and came with the first Guernsey cattle imported to New Zealand, in 1860, by the ship “Kinnaird.” Mr Quertier bought a team and started carting to the diggings, and was one of the first to take a team to the Dunstan; it was loaded with flour, which was sold at £200 per ton. In 1863, he bought a farm in the Clutha district, and held it for eighteen years. He then removed to the Otaraia district, where he took Sunnyside Farm, of 700 acres, which is now held by one of his sons. “Oaklands,” the property of the Hon. G. F. Richardson, was leased by Mr Quertier for seven years. In 1897, he bought “Guernsey Park,” and has resided on it since that date. Mr Quertier is a member of the Otago and Southland Agricultural and Pastoral Associations. In 1862, he married a daughter of the late Mr Kays, of Guernsey, and has a family of four sons and two daughters. His youngest son, Mr H. Quertier, is the inventor of Quertier's Ballast Excavator and Filler and has also effected improvements in connection with the use of magnesium flashlight for photography.
, Farmer “Boghead,” Mataura. This settler was born in 1838, at Lochmaben, Dumfriesshire, Scotland, where he attended school and was train to farm work. He arrived in Port Chalmers in April, 1863, by the ship “Silistria.” For three years he work at the Taieri, for two at Tokomairiro, and for seven at Waihola. He leased his farm at Mataura in 1875, and acquired the freehold of the property seven years later. The land, which consists of 245 acres, was but slightly improved, but since Mr Smith has had possession, all that is possible has been brought into thorough cultivation. It is worked as a mixed farm, but special attention is given to dairying. Mr Smith served on the Waihola school committee. He was married, to a daughter of Mr Joseph Bell, of Torthorwald, Scotland. Mrs Smith died, in 1897, and there is a surviving family of five daughters and four sons.
, Farmer, “Smithfield,” Mataura. Mr Weatherburn was born at Ditchburn, near Egglingham, Northumberland, England, in 1855, and was brought up to country life in his native county. He landed in Lyttelton, in 1879, by the ship “Crusader,” but went to Dunedin, where he remained seven months. After managing a farm at Otaraia for two years, Mr Weatherburn began farming at the same place, and remained there ten years. In August, 1892, he leased “Smithfield,” which is 400 acres in extent. The property, with the exception of about fifty acres, was in its natural state, but has since been fully cultivated as far as practicable, and produces very fair crops. Yields of forty-five bushels of wheat and sixty bushels of oats and barley, have been threshed, per acre. Mr Weatherburn has also a flock of crossbred sheep. He served as a member
, Traction Engine and Threshing Mill Owner, River Street, Mataura. Mr Kay started his business in 1879, and has acquired two complete plants, including a chaff-cutting machine. He also undertakes drain ploughing and haunling. Mr Kay was born in Caversham, Dunedin, on the 19th of July, 1858. He was educated in Dunedin, and was brought up to country life, and gained experience of agricultural machinery. He settled at Mataura, in 1872, and has since then been associated with the district. His residence, workshop, and yard stand on freehold land on the western bank of the river. Mr Kay was married, in 1886, to a daughter of Mr Timothy Boyle, of Woodlands, and has two daughters and one son.
, father of Mr William Pryde, of “Glenburnie.” Mataura, and sometime of Waikaka Valley, became a colonist in 1862, when he arrived with his family at Port Chalmers by the ship “Grasmere.” He was born in March, 1823, in Fifeshire, Scotland, and brought up as an oatmeal and barley miller, and was milling on his own account before coming to New Zealand. In the early days he was at the Waitahuna goldfields, and later on he found work at roadmaking in the Milton district, and at Blueskin. There he bought first one horse and then another, and worked his team on the roads. He subsequently bought land at Waikouaiti, where he farmed for ten years. Having sold his farm, Mr Pryde settled at Waikaka Valley, on a property of 200 acres. Mr Pryde had seen seven generations of the Pryde family, and was present at his great-grandmother's funeral when he was only seven years of age. He married, in 1845, a daughter of the late Mr William Middleton, of Paisley, Scotland. Mrs Pryde died in 1855, leaving four sons and one daughter, and Mr Pryde himself died on the 16th of January, 1905, aged 81, at his residence, Waikaka Valley, and was buried in the Mataura cemetery on the 19th of that month. All the family, with the exception of one son who was in Scotland, wire at the funeral.
(Beattie, Coster and Co.), Mataura. The proprietors own fifty acres of freehold adjoining the borough of Mataura, and are working an extensive and regular seam. The mine is connected by a tramway with a loading bank on the north boundary of the freehold.
, Of the firm of Beattie, Coster and Co., has resided in Mataura since 1875. He was born in 1844, in Dumfriesshire, Scotland, and was apprenticed to the drapery trade at Hawick, in Roxburghshire. In 1863, Mr Beattie arrived at Port Chalmers by the ship “Ben Lomond,” and after two years on a station near Wyndham, went to the West Coast rush. He remained on the goldfields till 1868, when he removed to Dunedin. Then he was for five years at the Switzers and Waikaka diggings, and was for some time employed at Hokonui station. After settling at Mataura, Mr Beattie was employed in carting and coal mining work till he joined Mr W. Coster in opening up the Mataura pit, with which he has since been connected. Mr Beattie was a member of the first Mataura Town Board, and has served on the local school committee, and Domain Board. In 1876, he was married to a daughter of the late Mr Hugh Ward, of Invercargill, and has five sons and four daughters.
is a part of the electoral district of Mataura, and is in the Mataura riding of the county of Southland. It is about five miles from Mataura, on the Wyndham road. The district is devoted to agriculture and pasturage. A good many of the smaller settlers go in largely for dairy farming, and a local dairy is in operation. Tuturau has a school. and post office, and the school has an attendance of fort-ynine children. Presbyterian church services are held in the school house once a fortnight.
is owned by the Tuturau Dairy Factory Company, Limited, which is a farmers' co-operative company with offices at Wyndham. Mr J. McLauchlan, of Wyndham, is secretary of the company The factory, which stands on an acre of ground, about four miles and a-half from Mataura, is complete and up-to-date in every respect, and has two vats, a boiler, and an engine. The output is about sixty tons of cheese in the season. There is a comfortable residence for the manager and his assistant.
, Cheesemaker and Manager of the Tuturau Dairy Factory, was born in 1882, at Kaitangata, where he was educated and brought up on his father's farm. He went to the Edendale dairy factory in 1900, and was afterwards for some time with Mr Cunningham of the Wyndham factory, where he remained until taking charge of the Tuturau factory on its establishment
, Farmer, “Both-well,” Tuturau. “Bothwell” is a compact farm of 141 acres, on which the proprietor conducts mixed farming, although his attention is devoted chiefly to dairying, for which he has a separator driven by a small engine. Mr Finch was born in 1857, at Dunedin, and is the fifth son of the late Mr John Finch, who came out by the ship “John Wickliffe,” in 1848, and died in 1897, leaving five sons, four daughters, and sixty-two grandchildren. Mr Edward Finch was educated at Milton, where he was brought up on his father's farm, and in 1878 he started farming on his own account in the Milton district, where he remained for seven years. He afterwards engaged in hotel keeping, rabbiting by contract and other occupations until taking up a farm in the Mataura district in 1895. Three years later he acquired “Both-well.” Mr Finch has been a member of the Tuturau school committee for six years. He was married, in 1887, to a daughter of the late Mr George Armstrong, and has seven daughters and two sons.
, Farmer, “Ellensville,” Tuturau. Mr Shanks was born in 1844, in Glasgow, Scotland, and was brought to Port Chalmers in 1849, by the ship “Kelso.” After leaving school he engaged in general work, and spent about twelve months on the Tuapeka diggings, after which he was for some time on the Mararoa run, then the property of his brother. When that run was cut up about 1870, Mr Shanks took up his present farm, where he carries on dairying. As a floriculturist, Mr Shanks exhibits at the Wyndham and Mataura horticultural societies' shows. He is a director of the Tuturau Dairy Factory Company, Limited, and a member of the Tuturau school committee. Mr Shanks married a daughter of the late Mr John Smith, farmer, and has three sons and two daughters.
is in the Hokonui riding of the county of Southland, and in the electorate of Mataura. The flag station of the same name, on the Dunedin-Invercargill line, is four miles from Gore and Mataura, and stands at an elevation of 198 feet above the level of the sea. At the census of 1901, the village had a population of 108, and the local public school has an average attendance of twenty-eight pupils. The post office, which is known as Middle-vale, is conducted at the schoolhouse, and mails are received, and despatched, every day. The country, which is flat, is devoted to agriculture and pasturage, and the district extends from the western bank of the Mataura river to the foot of the hills.
, Farmer, Charlton. Mr Keir was born in 1844, in Perthshire, Scotland, and arrived at Lyttelton, in 1863, by the ship “Mermaid.” He spent two years at the West Coast diggings, and on returning to Canterbury commenced farming at Halkett, on the West Coast road, where he remained for ten years. In 1881, Mr Keir sold out, and acquired his present property of 100 acres in the Charlton district, and, in addition to carrying on farming, he has been interested in dredging, in which he has met with fair success. Mr Keir was for about eight years a member of the Charlton school committee, and served for a similar period on the Waimumu Road Board, of which he was chairman for four years. He was a member of the committee of the Gore Agricultural and Pastoral Society for ten years, and its vice-president for three years, and was for a number of years a director of the Mataura Dairy Factor. Mr Keir, whose wedding was the first in the Halkett church, was married, in 1877, to a daughter of the late Mr John Anderson, of Halkett, but his wife died in 1881, leaving one son and one daughter.
is the name applied to the country on each side of the Waimumu stream, a tributary of the Mataura, which rises in the mountains to the northward of that river, and joins it at the township of Mataura. The railway station nearest to Waimumu is Charlton, on the Dunedin-Invercargill line. Waimumu is primarily a farming district; but gold having been discovered by boring, dredging has been taken up as an industry, and in some places fine paddocks have been destroyed in order to secure the gold in the soil. Though no phenomonal returns have been reaped, the dredges have proved steady gold winners. The district known as the Waimumu hundreds, at the census of 1901, had a population of 608. Waimumu has a public school, with an average attendance of twenty-one children. Presbyterian church services are held once a month in the local school house.
, Farmer, Waimumu Estate, Waimumu.
Mr Humphries was born in 1849, in Wiltshire, England, and received his education in Victoria, where he had been brought when he was six years old. He gained experience of batchering
is the name applied to a flag station, to a mining settlement, and to a river. The station is on the Dunedin-Invercargill railway, and is ninety-seven miles from Dunedin, and forty-two from Invercargill. It is three miles from Gore, stands at an elevation of 275 feet above the level of the sea, and is fully twelve miles from the mining township of Waikaka. The township is in the Mataura riding of the county of Southland, and on on the boundary of the Tuapeka and Wakatipu electorates, and the Waikaka river, which runs through the district, joins the Mataura at Gore. Farming is not the only industry carried on in the district, as about thirty dredges are now (1904–5) at work in the locality, and many of these secure handsome returns of gold. There are two public schools in the district—one at Waikaka, with an average attendance of fifty-two, and another at Waikaka Valley, with an attendance of thirty-three. At the census of 1901, there was a population of fifteen at Waikaka railway siding, 112 at Waikaka township, ninety additional in the vicinity; 113 at the Waikaka diggings, and 276 at Waikaka Valley. The township is eighteen miles from Gore, up a long valley, through which the coach travels daily. The business places include one hotel, two stores (to one of which is attached a bakery), a butchery, and two blacksmiths' shops. A new post office has lately been built, and daily mails are received and despatched. There are Presbyterian, Anglican and Roman Catholic churches, and the Presbyterian congregation has a manse and a resident clergyman; the other churches are visited from time to time by clergymen of their faith. Waikaka is a prosperous district, and splendid grain is grown on many good farms. Extensive deposits of lignite are worked to supply the dredges, which, in turn, employ a considerable number of men.
, No. 7,657, Manchester Unity, Independent Order of Oddfellows, was established in 1899, and Mr William McGill is permanent secretary. At the end of 1904, the membership was fifty-two, with three honorary members. The lodge, which meets every four weeks, shows steady progress.
, who has been Permanent Secretary of Lodge Loyal Waikaka since June, 1902, carries on farming on 183 acres of freehold and 320 of leasehold, near Waikaka township. He was born in the parish of Bargrennan, Kirkcudbrightshire, Scotland, in 1868, and came to New Zealand in 1879, with his parents, who settled in the Waikaka district in 1884. Mr McGill was brought up on his father's farm, and in 1897 took up the leasehold portion of his present property, acquiring the freehold portion in the following year. He was a member of the Wendon Valley school committee for two years, and is secretary of the Gore-Kelso Railway League. Mr McGill was married, in 1902, to a daughter of Mr Robert Scobie, sheepfarmer, Manapouri, and has one son.
, Farmer and Coal Pit Owner, Waikaka. Coal Pit Farm is so named on account of coal being found on it in large quantities. The farm, which is three miles from Waikaka, consists of 100 acres of freehold, and five acres held under lease from the Government. Over 280 tons of coal per month are supplied to the dredges in the vicinity. There are workings on both sides of the property; in one pit there is an eight horse-power stationary engine and hauling plant, and in the other a four horse-power engine and centrifngal pump. Mr Pacey was born at East Stoke, Nottinghamshire, England, in 1838, and arrived in South Australia, in 1849. Two years later he went to Victoria, and engaged in mining until 1862, when he came to New Zealand. After following mining for some time Mr Pacey took up land in the Waikaka district in 1877, and the next year started coalmining. He was at one time a member of the Waikaka school committee. Mr Pacey was married, in 1858, to Miss McCarthy, a cousin of the late Marshal MacMahon, President of the French Republic. Mrs Pacey, at her death, left two sons.
, formerly known as the “Little Waikaka,” is situated at the head of the Little Waikaka Valley, a short distance from the township. It was started in 1897, and was taken over by the present proprietors in September, 1903. Two other dredges are owned by the same party. The No. 2 is a comparatively small dredge worked by a twelve horse-power compound engine, a forty-five feet ladder, and three-feet buckets.
, Manager of the Dredge, is also one of the proprietors. He carries on farming on 264 acres of land at Greenvale. Mr McKenzie was born in Rossshire, Scotland, in 1867, and came to New Zealand with his father. He engaged in general and farm work for some time, was afterwards a part owner of a threshing plant for eight years, and in 1891 took up his present farm. Mr McKenzie has a general acquaintance with both islands of New Zealand, and
No. 2 Dredge, which is one of the most up-to-date and strongly built in the valley, is working on Glen-iti Farm, about five miles from Waikaka. The property consists of 400 acres—sufficient to keep the dredge working for many years. The power is derived from a sixteen horse-power Marshall engine, with a twenty horsepower boiler by the same firm. The pontoons are extra strong, and the ladder is forty-eight feet long with five feet six-inch buckets.
, Master of McGeorge Brothers' Freehold No. 2 Dredge, was born near Aberdeen, Scotland, in 1864, and came to New Zealand, with his parents, in 1873. He served an apprenticeship as a carpenter at Port Chalmers, started as a master builder in Dunedin when twenty years of age, and followed his calling for many years, alternately with contracting and sawmilling. About 1894, Mr Donald went to West Australia, where he spent about four years; and he was in Melbourne about the time of the boom. At the time of the dredging boom in New Zealand, he started erecting dredges and putting in machinery. The McGeorge Freehold No. 2 was built by him, and on its completion he was appointed dredgemaster.
Offices, in Dunedin; secretary, Mr R. A. Mathewson; capital, £12,000. The ground on which this company's two dredges are working was originally the property of Mr Paterson (now a director of the company, and master of one of its dredges) before being acquired by the company. There are 280 acres of workable ground, which will suffice to keep the two dredges working for several years.
No. 1 Dredge (Paterson's Freehold Gold Dredging Company, Limited, proprietors), Waikaka. This dredge was started in August, 1900, and there is a twelve horse-power Marshall engine, a sixteen horse-power boiler, a forty-eight feet ladder, and four-feet buckets. A Morgan and Cable coupled engine is used for the winches.
, Master of No. 1 Dredge, is also Managing Director of the Company. He was born in Lesmahagow, Lanarkshire, Scotland, and arrived at the Bluff by the ship “Sir William Eyre,” in 1863. When thirteen years of age he went gold digging at the Shotover, and between 1875 and 1883 was in the railway service, occupying various positions up to that of Inspector of Permanent Way. In 1883, Mr Paterson bought a farm of 815 acres in the Waikaka district, where he has since resided, and where he carries on mixed farming. He was one of the pioneers of the dredging industry in the district, and on one occasion went to British Columbia to report on the Fraser river for a Dunedin syndicate. Mr Paterson was a member of the Waikaka school committee for about ten years. He has been twice married, his first wife leaving him six children; and his second wife, who is a daughter of Mr T. J. Robinson, J.P., of Rotorua, has also borne a family of six.
No 2 Dredge (Paterson's Freehold Gold Dredging Company, Limited, proprietors), Waikaka. This dredge is working on an area of 150 acres about two miles from Waikaka. It was started in August 1903, and was formerly the old Golden Mile dredge, Beaumont. The power is derived from a Roby sixteen horse-power engine, with a twenty horse-power boiler, and the winches are operated by a vertical Marshall engine of six horse-power. There is a twenty-five feet ladder, and the buckets have a capacity of four and aquarter feet.
, Master of No. 2 Dredge, was born in 1866, at Mauku, Auckland, and after leaving school, was engaged successively in general labouring work, survey work, bush farming, farming, and in mining at the Thames. Mr Robinson started erection work on dredges in 1899, and afterwards became a winchman. In 1901, he was appointed manager of the United No. 1 Dredge at Waikaka, and he received his present appointment in August, 1903. Mr Robinson was married, in 1901, to a daughter of Mr J. T. Melsop, of Waiuku, and has one son and one daughter.
, Waikaka; office, Joel's Buildings, Dunedin; secretary, Mr R. A. Mathewson. This dredge has been working since 1900, and very fair returns have so far been secured by the company. The power is obtained from a twelve horsepower Marshall engine, with a twenty horse-power Sparrow boiler. The ladder is fifty feet in length, and the buckets have a capacity for four feet. A dredge master and seven other workers are employed.
, Enginedriver of the United No. 1 Dredge, holds a second-class certificate for driving stationary engines. He was born at Otakaia, on the Taieri, in 1869, and educated at the Mosgiel and Pinnacle schools. Mr Jones was brought up on his father's farm, in the Chatton district, and when the dredging boom started in Waikaka he began work on the dredges. He was successively on Ibbotson and Party's dredge, the Premier, the Globe, and the Celtic (now the Phoenix) before receiving his present appointment. Mr Jones was married,
is the name given to a farming settlement, which is about three miles from the township of Waikaka. It is part of the electoral district of Wakatipu, and is in the Mataura riding of the county of Southland. There is a local post office, which is under the supervision of the postmistress of Waikaka. The Wendon Valley public school has an average attendance of twenty-three.
, Farmer, “Larg,” Wendon Valley. Mr Henderson was born in the parish of Bargrennan, Kirkeudbrightshire, Scotland, and was brought up to shepherding. He came to New Zealand in 1874, by the ship “Auckland,” and for about two years after his arrival was shepherding for the late Mr James Shand, of the Taieri. In 1878, he removed to Southland and was shepherd on Mr McNab's Knapdale station for seven years before taking up 284 acres at Wendon Valley, which he has since increased to 340 acres. Mr Henderson was chairman of the Wendon Valley school committee for several years, and was also a member of the Waikaka Cemetery Trust. He was married, in 1874, to a daughter of Mr Agnew, of Ayrshire, Scotland, and has three son and five daughters.
. Pages 15–626. The Otago Central railway is now (March, 1905) open to Omakau, fourteen miles beyond Ida Valley, and 120 miles from Dunedin.
. Page 93. Mr Hallenstein died on the 6th of January, 1905.
. Page 98. Mr Christie was elected Mayor of Dunedin in April, 1904, with 2,820 votes; the next candidate, Mr Braithwaite, polling 2,333 votes.
. Page 99. Mr Hally resigned his position as a member of the Dunedin City Council, on being appointed Inspector of Factories and Inspector of Awards for Otago and Southland.
. Page 121. Mr Rawson died in Dunedin on the 4th of May, 1904.
. Page 123. Mr Burnett was returned unopposed to represent Bell Ward, on the Dunedin City Council, on the 8th of March, 1904, in succession to Mr Patrick Hally, who had been appointed Inspector of Factories and Inspector of Awards for Otago and Southland.
. Page 140. Mr Turton died at Southampton, England, at the end of April, 1904.
. Page 154. “The Otago Daily Times” should be added to the list of public journals to which Professor Gilray has contributed articles.
. Page 159. Mr Cooper resigned his position as chief mathematical and science master at the Otago Boys' High School in 1904, and is now (1905) in England.
. Pages 176 and 216. Mr Barth died at his home in Dunedin, on the 19th of February, 1905.
. Page 199. Mr Small died at his residence at Otaki, on the 10th of October, 1904.
. Page 217. Mr Densem now (1905) resides in Christchurch.
. Page 231. Mr Jago died on the 18th of November, 1904.
. Pages 235–236. Mr Carew died at Dunedin on the 28th of August, 1904, and was succeeded by Mr H. Y. Widdowson, formerly of Christchurch.
. Page 243. Mr Aslin. who is spoken of at page 243 as Managing Clerk of Mr John Wilkinson, is now (March, 1905) in practice on his own account, as a barrister and solicitor, at 13, Dowling Street, Dunedin.
. Page 243. Mr White died at Dunedin on the 5th of May, 1904
. Page 247. Dr O'-Neil went to South Africa in 1901, as surgeon-captain of the Sixth New Zealand Contingent, and was mentioned in despatches by Lord Kitchener.
. Page 277. Mr Stronach died suddenly on the 1st of September, 1904.
. Page 283. Mr Hislop died at Wellington on the 14th of January, 1904.
. Page 292. The offices of this firm are now at Crawford Street, Dunedin. The number of the firm's Post Office Box is 404, and the firm's bankers are the National Bank of New Zealand.
. Page 331. In July, 1903, Messrs Paterson and Barr, finding that their
. Pages 334–335. Mr Brydone died in London on the 17th of June, 1904.
. Page 349. It was with his brother, not his father, that Mr Whiteman was sheepfarming for four or five years in the Wanganui district. Mr Whiteman is not only one of the principal shareholders, but also a director, of the New Zealand Acetylene Gas Lighting Company, Limited; and also a director and promoter of the Taipo Explosive Syndicate of New Zealand, Limited; the Victorian Explosive Syndicate, and a director of the Southland s.s. Company, Limited. These corrections and additions were received too late for insertion in Mr Whiteman's article at page 349.
. Pages 372–373. In 1904 the Otago Early Settlers' Association secured a central site in Moray Place for a hall; price, £1,425.
. Pages 378–379. Mr. Campbell died at St. Clair, Dunedin, on the 8th of November, 1904.
, Junior. Page 385. Mr Heenan died at Dunedin at the 20th of October, 1904.
. Page 389. Mr McNeil died on the 30th of January, 1905
. Page 406. In the latter part of 1904, South Dunedin became amalgamated with Dunedin, with the proviso that its Council should sit with the Dunedin City Council till the municipal elections in April, 1905, and that, thereafter, South Dunedin should return three members to the United Council.
. Page 408. On the 1st of November, 1904, Caversham amalgamated with Dunedin under the same conditions as South Dunedin. The other suburban boroughs of St. Kikla, Maori Hill, Mornington, Roslyn, North East Valley and West Harbour decided to stand out of the amalgamation.
(George Searle, proprietor), Caversham, Dunedin. This hotel occupies a prominent position at the corner of Forbury and Cargill roads, and is within a short, distance of St. Clair and Ocean Beach. It is a two-storey brick building, well furnished throughout, and the table and household arrangements are under the capable supervision of Mrs Searle. The tariff is moderate, and visitors to Dunedin, who wish to stay in a healthy locality, near the sea, can find comfortable accommodation at the “Searle.” There are stables adjoining the hotel
, the Proprietor, is a son of the Rev. Richard Searle, of Hemel, Hempstead, Herts, England, where he was born in 1847. In early life he was valet to the late Lord Ashburton, and came to New Zealand in the ship “City of Dunedin,” in 1870. After an experience in hotel life in the Clarendon Hotel, Christchurch, and the Imperial Hotel, Dunedin, Mr Searle entered the service of the Colonial Bank of New Zealand, in Dunedin. There he remained till 1895, with an intermission of two years, which he spent in the Old Country. On resigning from the service of the Bank, Mr Searle bought the Waterloo Hotel, Caversham, and conducted it for four years. While there he had the honour of catering for a banquet given to Lord Onslow in the Garrison Hall, by the citizens of Dunedin. In 1896, he left the hotel and subsequently took over the “Queen's Arms,” Dunedin, and later the Empire Hotel and Railway Refreshment Rooms, Palmerston South. Mr Searle took another trip to the Old Country in 1898, and returned the following year. In March, 1899, he took over the Club Hotel, Timaru, and afterwards owned the Wedderburn Hotel, Central Otago, and the Imperial Hotel, Princes Street, Dunedin, before returning to the “Waterloo,” now “Searle's.” Mr. Searle is a member of the Timaru Caledonian Lodge of Freemasons, and has been a member of the Order of Foresters. He was married, in 1867, to a daughter of the late Mr Joseph Staffhill, of Uxbridge, Middlesex, England.
, who was elected to the Mornington Borough Council on the 30th of May, 1904, was born in Edinburgh, Scotland, in 1848, and came to Otago with his parents in the year 1856. Naturally, therefore, he has seen many changes, and experienced many ups and downs in his time until lately. He was for fifteen years news agent and bookseller on the southern express train from Dunedin, and in this way became well known, not only to New Zealanders, but to travellers from all parts of the world. Through his sobriety, tact, and perseverance, Mr Nicol did remarkably well at his business, which, however, he had to give up, owing to the increased speed of the train telling very much on his health. Mr Nicol was married, in the year 1877, to Fanny Grundy, and has eight sons, two daughters and one grandson.
Pages 439–440. Mr Gow died on the 27th of October, 1904.
. Page 444. The office of the Palmerston and Waikouaiti Times was destroyed by fire on the morning of the 9th of March, 1905.
. Page 512. Mr Church died on the 4th of November, 1904.
. Page 534. This company's creameries were purchased by the Taieri and Peninsula Milk Supply Company in September, 1904.
. Page 537. Mr Leslie's shop and rooms were destroyed by fire at daybreak on the 7th of January, 1905, and he himself lost his life on the premises by suffocation.
. Page 580. Mr Cain died on the 12th of December, 1904.
. Page 684. Mr. Stenhouse has now (March, 1905) retired from the headmastership of the Lawrence District High School.
. Pages 716–717. In October, 1904, Mr Blue received, from an English company, an important appointment on the Chingwing river, Upper Burmah, India.
, Inspector of Rolling Stock on the Southland Railways, was born in Christchurch in 1858, and served his time in the Christchurch and Addington workshops. He then proceeded to America, where valuable information was gained in the Pennsylvania Railway
. Page 848. Mr Thompson is now (1905) at Patea, in the North Island.
, sometime of Waikiwi Plains, was born at Campsie, Stirling, Scotland, in 1817, and was brought up to an outdoor life. He was engaged in farming on his own account in Scotland till 1861, when he came out to Melbourne. At a later period he arrived in New Zealand and resided for eighteen months at Taieri Ferry. He then removed to Southland, where he bought 190 acres at Waikiwi Plains, and subsequently increased his holding to 380 acres. Mr Brown served for some time as a member of the Myross Bush school committee, and was an office-bearer of the Presbyterian church. He was married, in 1895, to a daughter of Mr James Buchanan, of Stirlingshire, Scotland, and at his death, in 1903, left three sons and two daughters.
. Pages 911–912. The boxes at these hatcheries have room for half a million of ova. Since 1869, the Southland Acclimatisation Society has liberated over 3,300,000 brown trout fry in the streams and rivers of the provincial district.
. Page 926. Mr McKenzie now resides at “Cairnforth,” Ikawai, Glenavy, Canterbury.
. Page 946. This mill was destroyed by fire on the night of the 8th of March, 1905.
. Page 1,005. Mr Rasmussen is now (1905) stationmaster at Ngaruawahia, in the North Island.
, at Garston, was the gift of the late
Photographs for the following blocks came to hand too late to be worked into their positions with the articles to which they belong; but the connection is, in each case, established by means of the names of the persons concerned, and the pages on which their articles appear.
Page 92. Mr. Percival C. Neill is Vice-Consul for France at Dunedin, not Consul.
Page 103. Mr. John Bryce Thomson arrived in Port Chalmers in 1864, not 1884.
Page 118. The Hon. Hugh Gourley entered the Dunedin City Council in 1886, not 1885. He was married in 1849, not 1850.
Page 243. “Tamahawk” Road Board, in the late Mr. John White's article, should read “Tomahawk” Road Board.
Page 352. Messrs Nimmo and Blair. Mr. Nimmo's initials, under the photograph of the partners, should be J. H., not J. J.
Page 439. The hill in the picture is wrongly named Pukiviti. Pukiviti hill is about six miles from Palmerston, nearer Shag Point.
Page 445. Mr. Malcolm Allan. Mr. Allan should have been spoken of as having been, but not as being, a member of the Palmerston Borough Council.
Page 488. It was in the Waitaki (not the Waimate) district that Mr. James Robertson settled, in September, 1877.
Page 501. The floor of the Oamaru reservoir is 235 feet; the surface, 280 feet; the longest flume is 600 feet, and the highest trestle, 95 feet.
Page 734. In the second line of the late Mr. William Shore's article, “Ceneral" should be “General.”
Page 779. In the first word of the last line of the second column, the “i” dropped out in process of printing off.
Page 878. In the second last line of Mr. George Williamson's article, an “e “has dropped out of the word “gardener.”
Page 901. At the end of Mr. George Carlaw's article, his father-in-law's name is wrongly spelt “Linert.” It should be spelt “Lienert.”
Page 902. In the article on the Fortrose Public School, “playgroung" should be “playground.”
Page 948. The Orepuki Advocate has six pages. Mr. Lyon was born in 1873.