Problems of 2 NZEF
Index
Index
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Advanced Base: In Palestine, 48, 52; in Tripoli, 58– 9, 61, 62; in Italy, 68, 71, 78, 139– 40; general, 139– 40
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Anzac Corps, 25, 44– 5
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Army Act. See Military law
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Bands, 251
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Base Kit Section, 143
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Base organisation: Early discussions on, 15; location of units, 20, 27; first outline of organisation, 22– 3, 99– 100; position in early 1941, 34– 5; expansion later in 1941, 45; crisis 1942, 53; possible move to Italy, 69, 70, 144– 5; HQ Maadi Camp formed, 41– 2, 140; relations of HQ Maadi Camp with HQ 2 NZEF, 100, 107– 9; size of base organisation, 34– 5, 145– 9, 151, 189– 90; analysis of layout, 132– 44; wanted at outset, 149– 51, 273; special personnel for employment in, 196, 273; undesirables in, 183– 5; men without field service in, 182; possible dilution with women, 65, 208
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Beer bar, in Cairo Club, 245
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British, definition of word, 5
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British Army: Interchange of commanders and staff with 2 NZEF, 178– 9, 272; NZEF personnel commissioned into, 179– 80; transfers from 2 NZEF, 179
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Broadcasting Unit, 30, 124, 125, 206
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Cables, 17
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Camp Commandant, 131
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Canteens: Inquiry 1940–41, 33, 247– 8; distribution of stores, 247– 8; manager, 82, 247; NAAFI, 14, 26, 33, 247– 8, 250; profits, 248, 250
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Casualties: Letters of condolence to NZ, 40; wastage tables, 190– 2; all campaigns, 292
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Censorship: Censor sections, 45, 130; press censor, 75; reports mid-1944, 76; reports, general, 131
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Charter, GOC's: Details and analysis, 16, 93– 6; advantages of, 23, 158– 9
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Christmas: Government subsidy for Christmas fare, 251; Christmas cards, 251
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Church Army: Agent of National Patriotic Fund Board, 235– 7; position of personnel, 206
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Cinema Unit, 124, 125, 206
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Civilian appointments in New Zealand, 75
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Claims: From civilians, 262– 3; claims uniformity committee, 40– 1, 262
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Clerical duties: Shortage of clerks, 19, 45; women clerks, 65, 75, 209– 10
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Clubs: Cairo, 33, 208– 9, 244– 5; Bari, 71, 208, 246; Rome, 77, 208, 246; Florence, 80, 246; Venice, 85, 87, 246; General Manager, 82, 246; beer bar in Cairo Club, 245
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Command of 2 NZEF: Discussed, 96– 101, 103– 7; in the future, 271– 2
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Commissions. See First appointments
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Compassionate leave: First cases, 24; early instructions on, 46; later instructions on, 59; general discussion, 228– 30; legal cases in New Zealand, 230; need for special office, 230, 276
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Compensation for loss of kit: After Greece and Crete, 40– 1; in general, 260– 2
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Convalescent Depot, 138
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Cookery, 251
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Corps and line-of-communication units, 2 NZEF: Envisaged in 1940 and 1941, 25, 39, 42, 44– 5, 46; actually formed, 132– 9
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Corps in 2 NZEF: Heads of corps, 114– 15; promotion of officers in corps, 200– 1
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Courts martial. See Military law
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Dental Services: Assistant Director of, 117; relations with medical services, 117; standard of, 117; mobile dental units, 117, 133, 137
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Detachments: Recall of, in 1940, 31, 171; from Advanced Base, Tripoli, 61; problem in general, 170– 5; dispersal of units, 175– 6
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Director of Medical Services. See Medical Services
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Disbandment: 1942 draft scheme, 50, 264; begins 1945, 86; progress of, 89– 90; general discussion on, 264; procedure during war, 265– 6, 320– 1
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Discharge Depot, 143
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Discipline: In 1945, 87; general, 213– 23; military law, 213– 15; in Egypt, 217– 18; drink, 217– 18; dress, 218– 19; saluting, 218– 19; habitual criminals, 219– 20; monetary punishments, 220; excessive orders, 220– 1, 267; provost corps, 221; field punishment, 221– 2; punishment of NCOs, 222; punishment of officers, 67, 213, 222– 3
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Domestic problems, desirability of special office for, 230, 276 ( see also Compassionate leave)
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Dress: Early discussions on, 23; in Western Desert, 186, 218– 19
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Drink: New Zealand habits, 217– 18; beer bar in Cairo, 245; drink in camps, 245, 276
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Echelon: Use of term, 11– 12; First Echelon in Egypt, 18 et seq; Second Echelon to England, 27– 8; arrival of Second Echelon in Egypt, 30– 4; arrival of Third Echelon in Egypt, 29– 30 ( see also Second Echelon (Records)
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Education and Rehabilitation Service: Formed, 73; scheme, 74, 85; general discussion on, 253– 5; in the future, 274
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Egypt: Discipline in, 217– 18; inhabitants of, 19– 20, 223– 4; Customs rebate, 250 ( see also Base organisation)
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Elections: Proposed 1941, 43; general, 1943, 60, 68; by-elections, 45– 6, 155– 6
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Engineers: Problem of head of corps, 115, 200; non-divisional, 133– 5
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Entertainment Unit, 33, 248– 9
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Equipment: First issues, 28– 9; return at end of war, 87– 8; stores audit, 128– 9; scale to be drawn from British depots, 176– 8
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Escorts, sea: Discussion in 1939, 13; numbers of men to travel in unescorted vessels, 66, 156; escorts in the future, 274
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Field Force Committee, organisation plan, 36 (FFC 36), 39, 42, 44, 46
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Field troops: Feeling against base, 181– 7, 254– 5; conduct while in base, 185– 7
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Finance: Financial Adviser, see Pay; financial arrangements for 2 NZEF, 154, 176– 8
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First appointments: Within 2 NZEF, 163– 4; to British Army, 179– 80 ( see also Officer Cadet Training Unit)
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‘Flap’ in 1942, 186
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Forestry Companies: In United Kingdom, 34, 43; one company moved to Mediterranean, 68; to Italy, 73, 79
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Furlough scheme: Drafts, 63, 64– 5, 67, 72, 76– 7, 81– 2, 86; return from New Zealand, 69; complications in late 1944, 81– 2; code-names, 64– 5, 84; in the future, 196, 276
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General army duties: Prisoner-of-war camps, 1940, 32; units in 1941 and early 1942, 39, 46; in 1942, 49, 53, 56– 7; from Advanced Base, Tripoli, 61; parachute unit, 49, 66; in Italy, 71; discussion on NZEF share of, 172– 3, 272; detachments on, 170– 6; recall of detachments in 1940, 171
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General Headquarters: Definition of, 4– 5, 166– 7; Middle East Forces, dealings with, 21, 31, 32, 42, 45– 6, 49, 50– 1, 53, 54, 58, 65; in Algiers, 60; Central Mediterranean Force, 68, 71– 2, 102– 3, 180; secret communications from GOC 2 NZEF to NZ, 43, 153– 4, 167; relations of HQ 2 NZEF with GHQ, 167– 80; task of an Allied HQ, 168– 9, 171; applicability of GHQ orders, 168– 70; problem of detachments, 170– 5; dispersal of units, 175– 6; dissemination of GHQ orders, 268– 9; NZ units for duty under: See General Army duties and Non-divisional units
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General Officer Commanding ( Lt-Gen Freyberg): Selection of, 13– 14; early discussions with NZ Government, 16; charter, 16, 23, 93– 6, 157– 9; communications to NZ Govt, 43, 152, 153, 167; wounded, 52; accident, 80; relinquishes appointment, 89
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Geneva Convention, 231
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Graves Units: Concentration, 73; Registration and Inquiry, 45, 73; post-war work, 79– 80; general, 136
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Headquarters Maadi Camp: Formed, 140; possible amalgamation with HQ 2 NZEF, 107– 9 ( see also Base organisation)
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Headquarters 2 NZ Division: Early troubles, 18– 19, 21; location in 1940, 20; dual role of staff in 1940, 25; duties when HQ 2 NZEF formed, 30, 109; re-united with HQ 2 NZEF, 87, 103
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Headquarters 2 NZEF: Early troubles, 18– 19, 21; location in 1940, 20; dual role of staff in 1940, 25; formed separately, 29– 30, 98– 101; amalgamated temporarily with HQ Maadi Camp, 53; move to Italy, 70, 72; location in Italy, 70– 1, 79– 80; re-united with HQ 2 NZ Div, 87, 103; discussion on its formation, 97– 109; duties, 98– 100, 103– 5; relations with HQ Maadi Camp, 100, 107– 9; principles regarding location, 101– 3; internal organisation, 109– 13; armband, 112; vehicle sign, 55, 112, 259– 60; separate headquarters wanted from beginning, 107, 271
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Hospitals: The first hospital, 22– 3; move of hospital from Beirut to Tripoli, 58; as transit units, 138
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Ice-cream factory, 252
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Institutes, welfare: Religious bodies, 235– 7; YMCA, 236– 7, 240– 1, 242– 3
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Japan, war against: Proposals for 2 NZEF, 85; occupation force ( Jayforce), 86, 87, 89
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King's regulations. See Military law.
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Kiwis. See Entertainment Unit
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Legal cases, civil: Decided in NZ in absence of soldier, 230
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Letters of condolence to New Zealand, 40
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Liaison: With GHQ, 112; with Army HQ, NZ, 156, 159– 61; with Government, 156– 7, 275; within 2 NZEF, 112– 13; value in general, 276
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Libyan Campaign, 1941, 46
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Line-of-Communication troops, Army. See General Army duties
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Lines of communication, 2 NZEF: To Greece, 36– 8; to Crete, 38– 40; to Libya, 1941, 42– 3, 45– 6; to Syria, 47– 8; in Battle for Egypt, 52– 5; at Alamein, 57; to Libya and Tunisia, 1943, 57– 9, 61– 2; to Italy, 1943, 67– 9, 70– 2; in Italy, 1944, 71– 2, 75, 78, 79– 80; at Cassino, 72, 75; in Italy, early 1945, 85; in general, 138; in the future, 272
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Long Range Desert Group: Formation, 28, 31, 135; Leros operation, 69, 135; disbanded, 70, 135
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Long-service personnel, relief of. See Furlough scheme
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Loss of kit, compensation for: After Greece and Crete, 40– 1; in general, 260– 2
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Maadi camp: Site selected, 15; contracts, 19, 26; early stages in the camp, 20, 27, 97, 99– 100; concentration in late 1940, 29; layout in early 1941, 34; use of letters ‘NZ’, 41– 2; Division in Syria, 48; reduced in size early 1942, 50; during crisis of July 1942, 53– 4; leave camp, 54; name changed to 6 NZ Div, 55; 2 NZ Div in camp, 62; 2 NZ Div leaves for Italy, 67; decision to retain Maadi, 69– 70, 144– 5; marginally unfit men, 73; reverts to old name, 82; size adjusted from time to time, 84; depots, etc., described, 140– 4; men without field service in, 182; undesirables in, 183– 5
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Maadi Tent, 21, 90, 243– 4
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Manpower: Early deficiencies in, 21– 2, 31; position after Crete, 41; position in late 1941, 44; summer 1942, 54, 56– 7; end of 1942, 59; early 1943, 59; possible dilution with women, 65, 208; position in August 1943, 67; review in late 1944, 80– 1; statistical appreciations, 188; keeping balance in use of manpower, 189– 90 ( see also Reinforcement drafts and War Establishments)
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Marriages: Within force, 44, 227; to civilians, 50; to members of other Commonwealth forces, 226– 7; wives in crisis of 1942, 53; furlough scheme, 66; dispute with Government over, 73, 226; general discussion on, 211, 223– 8; approval of marriages, 223– 6; registration of, 225; ‘mixed’ marriages, 224– 6; in Italy, 225; unofficial, 226; collecting wives, 226; in the future, 273
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Matron-in-Chief. See Principal Matron
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Mechanical transport. See Transport, mechanical
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Medical grading: Change in terminology, 232– 3; use of men of lower medical category, 196, 273
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Medical Services: Hospital, 1940, 22; medical stores depot, 45, 143– 4; move of hospital from Beirut to Tripoli, 58; supply of medical officers from New Zealand, 70; number of hospitals, 70, 160– 1; men of low medical category, 73, 231– 3; ranks in Medical Corps, 116; standard of medical treatment, 116; Director of Medical Services, 116; hospitals as transit units, 138; Convalescent Depot, 138; rest homes, 138; liaison with Director-General of Medical Services, 160– 1; terms used for medical grading changed, 232– 3
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Military law: Effect of distances and rapid movement, 214– 16; delays in trials, 214– 16; existing code, 213– 17; Army Act, 213– 14; King's Regulations, 213; Field General Courts Martial, 216; permanent presidents of courts martial, 216; own code desirable, 213, 271
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Minister of Defence, visit of, 61– 3, 156
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National Patriotic Fund Board: Powers of overseas commissioner, 26, 41, 237– 40; organised pre-war, 235– 6; YMCA as agent, 235; Church Army as agent, 236– 7; canteen stores, 248; grants from fund, general, 248– 9
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Newspaper mails, 263
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New Zealand Army Headquarters. See Army HQ, NZ
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2 New Zealand Division: Move to Greece, 36– 7; to Crete, 38; Libya, 1941, 42– 3, 46; to Syria, 47– 8; Battle for Egypt, 52, 54; Alamein to Tunis, 57– 9; Maadi and furlough, 63, 64; to Italy, 67, 68; to Cassino, 72; to Florence, 79, 87; to north-east Italy, 79; reduced in size, 80– 1; to Trieste, 85; to Lake Trasimene, 86; number adopted as part of title, 55; fluctuations in, 132, 136– 7, 188– 93
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6 New Zealand Division. See cascade scheme
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2 New Zealand Expeditionary Force: General description, 1– 2, 3– 4, 96– 7; prewar preparations, 9– 11; selection of GOC, 13– 14; formation and despatch, 11– 15, 16– 17; Second Echelon to England, 27– 8; concentration of force in Egypt, 30, 34; intended reorganisation 1940–41, 32; state of force in early 1941, 34– 5; move to Greece, 36– 7; intended reorganisation after Crete (FFC 36), 38– 9, 42– 3, 44, 46; strength, late 1941, 45; reorganised 1942, 54, 56– 7; future movements 1943, 65; future movements mid-1944, 76; future movements, end 1944, 77, 80; reorganised 1944, 80– 1; repatriation, 86, 89– 90; command of force, 96– 101, 103– 7; corps in force, 114– 15; services in force, 114– 31; closed shop in, 161– 5, 272– 3; share of communal duties, 171– 3, 176; size of 2 NZEF ‘tail’, 34– 5, 145– 9, 151
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New Zealand Government: Relations with 2 NZEF, 152– 7, 224– 5, 226; GOC's communications to, 43– 4, 152, 153, 167
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Non-commissioned officers: In Second Echelon (Records), 127; unsuited for the field, 185; in reinforcement drafts, 204; punishment of, 222; in general, 204– 6
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Non-divisional units: Inception of, 14; increasing number of, 32; location troubles, 48– 9, 61– 2, 175; responsibility for, 50– 1, 133– 5, 175– 6; furlough scheme, 65; disbanded, 67, 134; analysis of, 133– 5
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Non-military personnel, 206
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Officer cadet training unit (OCTU): Abortive formation in 1940, 29, 200; formed in 1944, 83, 142; comparison of British and NZEF OCTUs, 200
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Officer in Charge of Administration: Appointment created, 30, 98; role of, 98– 100, 107– 9
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Officers: Confidential reports on, 199, 275– 6; ex-home defence, 163; ex- 3 NZ Div, 83, 163; ex-prisoners of war, 203; first postings to NZEF, 26, 198– 9, 275; Military Secretary, 114– 15, 198; non-regimentally employed, 201– 3; promotions within corps, 201; proportion in reinforcement drafts, 163– 4; punishments, 67, 213, 222– 3; ranks of officers in field and base, 202– 3; regulations for promotion, 203; restrictions on rank after Third Echelon, 161– 5; reverted officers with reinforcement drafts, 67; sent to New Zealand on duty, 42, 49, 162; source of first appointments, 163; temporary rank, 201; too old for field, 202; transfers to British Army, 179– 80, 203; unsuited for the field, 26, 183– 5, 198– 9
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OICA. See Officer in Charge of Administration
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Orders: Dissemination of, 26– 7, 30, 267– 9; excessive number of, 220– 1, 267– 8
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Ordnance: Deputy Director and Assistant Director of Ordnance Services, 117; depots 71, 137, 138; split in corps and formation of EME, 59, 118
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Pay: Chief Paymaster and Financial Adviser, 120; alterations in paybooks in 1940, 23– 4; excess Italian currency, 82– 3, 120; extra-duty pay, 23, 118– 20
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Payment for services, 264
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Photographer, still, 125
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Pie bakery, 252
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Postal: Special inquiry, 42; formation of separate corps, 158, 252– 3; mails to the Division, 83– 4, 252– 3; newspaper mails, 263; general discussion, 252– 3
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Prime Minister: Visit, 1941, 38– 9, 41, 156; visit, 1944, 76– 7, 156– 7
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Printing Unit, 46, 130, 268
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Prisoners of war, Allied and 2 NZEF: Exchanged, 51; reception of, 68– 9; Repatriation Unit, 69, 136; Repatriation Unit for United Kingdom, 74, 77; Interrogation Unit, 83, 136; prisoners returning to 2 NZEF, 203, 230– 1; knowledge of Geneva Convention, 231
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Prisoners of war, enemy: Guards for camps, 32, 136; employment of, 88, 220
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Publicity, Director of, 126, 157
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Public Relations in 2 NZEF: Official Artist, 33, 124, 126; Broadcasting Unit, 30, 124, 126, 206; Cinema Unit, 124, 125, 206; general discussion on, 124– 6; Public Relations Officer, 124; still photographer, 125; NZEF Times, 41, 126, 249; war correspondents, 30, 39, 60, 75, 124, 206; in the future, 273
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Red Cross: Commissioner and staff, 253; store, 143; voluntary aid detachments (VADs), 208– 9
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Regimental Funds: Audit of, 128– 9, 249– 50; Central Fund, 250; source of funds, 249– 50; post-war disposal of, 250.
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Rehabilitation. See Education and Rehabilitation Service
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Reinforcements, despatch forwards, 46, 54, 57, 59, 71– 3, 138– 9
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Reinforcement drafts: Size of, 24– 5, 188– 93; primary role of, 31; position in late 1941, 44, 46; 8th Reinforcements, 56, 58, 59; after furlough scheme, 69; delays in late 1944, 81– 2; principles governing, 188– 93; frequency, 192; transfers between corps, 195– 6; warrant officers and NCOs in, 204– 5
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Repatriation: Draft scheme, 1942, 50, 264– 5; begins 1945, 86; progress of, 89; speed of, 89, 90; discussion on, 264– 6; volunteers to delay repatriation, 266
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Rest Homes, 138
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School of Instruction, 142
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Screening Commission, Allied, 83
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Second Echelon (Records): Confusion in name, 11– 12; work of, 127; large number of NCOs in, 127, 196
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Temporary rank, 201
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Training: Depots, 141– 2; in general, 69, 70, 84, 197; in future, 275
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Transport, mechanical: Sent from New Zealand, 84, 256– 7; control in use of, 256– 7
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VADs. See Women's Army Auxiliary Corps, Medical
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Volunteers for post-war service, 266
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War Establishments: Preparation and issue of, 34– 5, 194; increases in, 148– 9, 194; discussion on, 193– 5
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Warrant Officers. See Non-commissioned officers
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Welfare: In early days, 25– 6, 236; bands, 251; books, 252; canteen stores, 33, 82, 247– 8; canteen inquiry, 33, 247; catering depot, 252; Christmas fare, 251; clubs, 244– 6; cooking, 251– 2; Dennis Duigan Fund, 250; Egypt Customs Rebate, 250; ERS, 73, 74, 85, 253– 5; ice-cream, 252; ‘Kiwis’, 33, 248– 9; National Patriotic Fund: See separate entry; Non-divisional units, 133; pie factory, 252; postal, 83– 4, 158, 252– 3; Red Cross, 143– 4, 208, 209, 253; regimental funds, 129, 249– 50; religious institutes, 235– 7; NZEF Times, 41, 126, 249; YMCA, 235– 6, 240– 3; general discussion on welfare, 235– 55; responsibility for, 41, 237– 43; unit responsibility, 243; welfare committee, 41, 238– 40; public funds as a source, 240– 2, 246, 248, 251; military welfare staff, 246; insufficiency of, 218, 246– 7; Army Welfare Service, 242– 3; in the future, 274
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Wives. See Marriages
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Women's Army Auxiliary Corps (WAACS), Clerical: Delay in despatch, 156; first contingent, 75, 208; work, 209– 10
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Women's Army Auxiliary Corps (WAACs), Medical (VADs): First contingent, 47; work, 208, 209
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Women's Army Auxiliary Corps, Welfare: First contingent, 44; work, 208– 10
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Women's Services, general: Clothing, 50, 211; in crisis, 1942, 54; military law for, 57, 211; possible extension of numbers, 65, 208; battlefield cruises, 80, 212; ranks, 210– 11; marriages, 211; status in the Army, 210– 11; outfit grant, 211; general discussion on, 207– 12; compensation for loss of kit, 260– 2; in the future, 273
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YMCA: Ranks, 206; duties, status, exact responsibilities, etc., 235– 7, 240– 3