1 |
Gametophyte a very small bulb of leaves from a persistent protonema |
— 2 |
|
Gametophyte normal and leafy, growing from a protonema which soon disappears |
— 3 |
2 |
Protonema extensive, brownish, growing on bark or twigs; resembling an alga. About 2mm. high |
Ephemeropsis
|
|
Protonema sparse, on earth or rock. Seta about 2cm. high |
Buxbaumia
|
3 |
Branch-leaf cells of two kinds—long narrow chlorophyllose cells anastomosing to mark off large hyaline cells with spiral thickenings which may partly or wholly enclose the chlorophyllose cells. Whitish or greenish-white plants in bogs or on wet ground. |
Sphagnum
|
|
Leaf-cells of two kinds — small median cells are totally enclosed by at least one layer above and one layer below of large hyaline cells except for a few rows at the margin. Leaves sometimes in 5 distinct rows. Forms whitish or whitish-green cushions on earth, logs or roots. |
Leucobryum
|
|
Leaf cells never so arranged |
— 4 |
4 |
Capsules opening by 4 longitudinal slits in the walls. Forming small blackish or reddish patches on montane rocks or sometimes longer and brownish on wet rocks or submerged in mountain streams. |
Andreaea
|
|
Capsules never opening by regular lateral slits |
— 5 |
5 |
Leaves distichously inserted |
— 6 |
|
Leaves inserted in 3 or more rows on the stem (but may be flattened into one plane, i.e. complanate) |
— 12 |
6 |
Leaf base double and vaginant on the upper side; on earth |
Fissidens
|
|
Leaf base not doubled |
— 7 |
7 |
Leaves vaginant owing to the folding together of the two halves of the leaves |
— 8 |
|
Leaves flat or merely concave |
— 9 |
8 |
Light green colour; leaves acute with short recurved mucro. On earth or rock |
Catagonium
|
|
Leaves with a metallic sheen, obtuse. On bark |
Orthorrhynchium
|
9 |
Leaves oblong, longly piliferous and crenulate: seta lateral. On tree fern trunks. (Leaves more usually multifarious) |
Hymenodon p.p. |
|
Leaves not piliferous |
— 10 |
10 |
Leaves vertically inserted and decurrent down the stem |
Mittenia
|
|
Leaves not decurrent |
— 11 |
11 |
Leaf base sheathing; margins entire |
Distichium
|
|
Leaf base not sheathing; margins dentate or thickened |
Rhizogonium p.p. |
12 |
Leaves clearly inserted in 3(-5) rows on the stem |
— 13 |
|
Leaves not in obvious rows |
— 20
|
13 |
Leaves all similar, in 3 spiral rows |
— 14 |
|
Leaves all similar, in 5 rows |
Conostomum p.p. |
|
Leaves not spirally aranged; one row usually of different size and shape |
— 15 |
14 |
Leaves unaltered when dry, conspicuously tristichous; papillae high, most bifid |
Triquetrella
|
|
Leaves twisted round the stem when dry, obscurely tristichous; papillae low, unbranched |
*
Anomodon |
15 |
Two rows (simulating one row) of leaves on the upper stem face; two lateral rows. Seta lateral |
Rhacopilum
|
|
Third row of leaves on the underside of the stem |
— 16 |
16 |
Leaves strikingly ciliate and hence hoary. Stems and branches with bristles. |
Catharomnion
|
|
Leaves not ciliate |
— 17 |
17 |
Robust (usually 4-10 cm. high); unbranched or rarely forked, with capsules hidden on under side of fronds. Leaves dentate above. |
Cyathophorum
|
|
Branched plants or if not. then smaller with terminal seta and entire leaves |
— 18 |
18 |
Seta terminal; leaf margins neither dentate nor bordered |
Calomnion
|
|
Seta lateral; leaf margins bordered and dentate |
— 19 |
19 |
Stems erect, pinnately branched from the base. Nerve almost reaching the apex or excurrent. Seta papillose |
Lopidium
|
|
Branches crowded together at the stem apex in a flabellate or umbrella-like manner. Nerve shorter. Seta smooth |
Hypopterygium
|
20 |
Leaves bearing gemmae on part at least of the upper face of nerve, or else young leaves shed the nerve-ending as a gemma |
— 21 |
|
Leaves without gemmae |
— 24 |
21 |
Gemmae in the form of filaments; very small and rare plants |
— 22 |
|
Gemmae more or less rounded clumps of cells |
— 23 |
22 |
Leaf margins reflexed. Filaments on only the upper part of the nerve |
Crossidium
|
|
Leaf margin widely involute; filaments covering most of the nerve and lamina |
Aloina
|
23 |
Leaves oblong-lanceolate or elliptic; bordered |
Calyptopogon
|
|
Leaves obovate or spathulate; not bordered |
Tortula p.p. |
24 |
Leaves strongly rugose or undulate |
— 25 |
|
Leaves not so or only at the margin |
— 27 |
25 |
Leaves large, 6-10 mm. long |
Eucamptodon
|
|
Leaves shorter, to 3 mm. long |
— 26 |
26 |
Leaves prolonged into a short or long hair point; leaves not spreading complanately |
Lepyrodon p.p. |
|
Leaves obtuse or acute but without hair point; leaves complanate |
Neckera p.p. |
27 |
Upper surface of nerve at least, and often much of lamina covered with longitudinal lamellae |
— 28 |
|
No lamellae on nerve or upper leaf face |
— 34 |
28 |
Our tallest moss; erect unbranched. 30-40 cm. high with leaves 20-35 mm. long |
Dawsonia
|
|
May be nearly as tall or much shorter with a simple trunk dendroidly branched above; leaves 5-12 mm. long |
Dendroligotrichum
|
|
Smaller plants, simple OF sparingly branched. Peristome teeth short with a circular membrane stretching between their tips |
— 29 |
29 |
Lamellae few (3-10) or very indistinct |
— 30 |
|
Lamellae more numerous |
— 31 |
30 |
Leaves unbordered, entire |
Oligotrichum
|
|
Leaves bordered, spinose-dentate |
Atrichum
|
31 |
Calyptra naked or nearly so |
— 32 |
|
Calyptra densely hairy |
— 33 |
32 |
Capsule terete |
Psilopilum
|
|
Capsule 2-angled, the upper side concave, the lower side rounded |
Polytrichadelphus
|
33 |
Capsule terete, without apophysis or stomata |
Pogonatum
|
|
Capsule angled (except in
P. alpinum), with apophysis and stomata |
Polytrichum
|
34 |
Leaves with long hyaline points or with the nerve excurrent in a hair point |
— 35
|
|
Leaves without hyaline or hair points |
— 57 |
35 |
Nerve reaching at least ¾ way up the leaf |
— 43 |
|
Nerve none or reaching less than ¾ way up the leaf |
— 36 |
36 |
Nerve none or short and double |
— 39 |
|
Nerve single and reaching 1/3-1/2 way up the leaf |
— 37 |
37 |
Leaves about 1 mm. long from a widened amplexicaul base tapered to a long point.
* Genus doubtful but referred to the Fabroniaceae |
|
|
Leaves ovate to lanceolate |
— 38 |
38 |
Leaves 1.5 mm. long; margins entire |
Ischyrodon
|
|
Leaves 0.40-0.75 mm. long; margins almost entire to very serrate |
Fabronia
|
39 |
Leaf margins entire; cells papillose |
Aulacopilum
|
|
Some leaves at least with upper margins denticulate |
— 40 |
40 |
Capsule immersed; leaf apex as well as point hyaline |
Hedwigia p.p. |
|
Capsule exserted; only the point hyaline |
— 41 |
41 |
Cells not forming a distinct alar group; leaves deeply plicate |
Lepyrodon p.p. |
|
Cells forming a distinct alar group; leaves not plicate |
— 42 |
42 |
Alar cells a small dark group |
Camptochaete p.p. |
|
Alar cells a group of 2-3 large swollen hyaline cells |
Acanthocladium
|
43 |
Alar cells forming a distinct group |
— 44 |
|
Alar cells not forming a distinct group |
— 46 |
44 |
Marginal leaf cells long and narrow forming a conspicuous border |
Dicnemoloma
|
|
Leaves without such a border |
— 45 |
45 |
Seta when wet flexuous or cygneous |
Campylopus p.p. |
|
Seta straight and erect |
Dicranum p.p. |
46 |
Leaf lamina hyaline at apex; nerve (apparently) vanishing below the apex |
— 47 |
|
Leaf lamina not hyaline above |
— 49 |
47 |
Basal leaf cells very long and narrow, nodulose (strongly thickened and waved) |
Rhacomitrium p.p. |
|
Basal leaf cells not nodulose, at most sinuouse only |
— 48 |
48 |
Calyptra plicate |
Coscinodon
|
|
Calyptra smooth |
Grimmia p.p. |
49 |
Capsule immersed |
Cryphaea p.p. |
|
Capsule exserted |
— 50 |
50 |
Capsule inclined to nodding |
Bryum p.p. |
|
Capsule erect or nearly so |
— 51 |
51 |
Nerve yellow or yellowish green; upper part sometimes hyaline. Peristome well developed |
Barbula p.p. |
|
Nerve yellow excurrent in long hair point. Peristome almost wanting |
Leptostomum p.p. |
|
Nerve not yellow |
— 52 |
52 |
Peristome long and twisted |
Tortula p.p. |
|
Peristome much shorter or wanting |
— 53 |
53 |
Nerve slightly widened toward the apex, excurrent in a long flexuose arista, hyaline at its apex |
Desmatodon p.p. |
|
Nerve otherwise |
— 54 |
54 |
Forming mats on trees or rocks. Stems creeping with crowded short erect branches. Two species may have piliform aristas with hyaline tips |
Macromitrium p.p. |
|
Plants without creeping primary stems |
— 55 |
55 |
On bark or rock forming large corky tufts through the matting of the stems by red-brown tomentum. Peristome wanting or very rudimentary |
Leptostomum p.p. |
|
Stems not densely matted together; peristome present |
— 56 |
56 |
On decayed animal or vegetable matter. Leaves spathulate or obovate |
Tayloria
|
|
On bark or rock in mats: leaves elliptic oblong |
Hymenodon p.p. |
57 |
Base or all of leaf margins bordered with narrow or very small cells differing from the inner cells, or with a thickened margin |
— 58 |
|
Leaves not so bordered |
— 77 |
58 |
Leaf margins thickened |
— 59 |
|
Leaf margins with an unthickened border |
— 60 |
59 |
Capsules terminal, immersed. On bark |
Cryptopodium
|
|
Capsules exserted, lateral: on earth, rarely on bark |
Rhizogonium p.p.
|
60 |
Nerve O or double and short |
Eriopus
|
|
Nerve reaching at least to 1/3 way up leaf |
— 61 |
61 |
Nerve ceasing some way below the apex |
— 62 |
|
Nerve reaching apex or nearly so or excurrent |
— 64 |
62 |
Leaves linear-lanceolate to elliptic-lanceolate |
Daltonia
|
|
Leaves broader |
— 63 |
63 |
Leaves tender and fleshy, more or less orbicular and obtuse with all the margin bordered; not papillose |
Distichophyllum p.p. |
|
Leaves of firmer texture, broadest at base and acute or mucronate, bordered only at base; leaf cells papillose |
Papillaria
|
64 |
Alar cells well developed and distinct |
— 65 |
|
Alar cells not distinctive |
— 67 |
65 |
Leaves erecto-patent and crisped when dry with strongly undulate margins; capsules immersed |
Mesotus
|
|
Leaves little altered when dry, margins not or little undulate; capsules exserted (except in
Dicranoloma menziesii) |
— 66 |
66 |
Seta cygneous, calyptra usually fringed at base |
Campylopus p.p. |
|
Seta erect or nearly so; calyptra not fringed; nerve usually narrower |
Dicranoloma pp. |
67 |
Seta lateral (pleurocarpous mosses) |
— 68 |
|
Seta terminal (acrocarpous mosses) |
— 69 |
68 |
Margin throughout consisting of several rows of long and narrow cells |
Bellia
|
|
Marginal cells in lower half of the lamina forming up to 15 rows of isodiametrical cells in marked contrast to the longer inner cells |
Crytopus
|
69 |
Peristome wanting |
— 70 |
|
Peristome present |
— 72 |
70 |
Capsules pyriform or turbinate; leaves obovate to spathulate |
Phycomitrium p.p. |
|
Capsules cylindrical to oblong; leaves oblong-lanceolate, occasionally some upper leaves spathulate |
— 71 |
71 |
Leaf margins entire but rough with papillae |
Encalypta p.p. |
|
Leaf margin denticulate at the apex |
Pottia p.p.
|
72 |
Capsules erect, symmetrical or nearly so |
— 75 |
|
Capsules inclined, hanging or asymmetrical |
— 73 |
73 |
Capsules strongly arcuate |
Funaria p.p. |
|
Capsules straight or only slightly curved |
— 74 |
74 |
Leaves large, 6-7 mm., tender and shrivelled when dry, rounded or retuse at apex; capsules horizontal to pendent, broadly ovate to oblong |
Mnium
|
|
Leaves mostly less than 4 mm. long, of firmer texture; narrowed to the apex; capsules horizontal to pendent, clavate to pyriform |
Bryum p.p. |
75 |
Leaf apex rounded, obtuse and cucullate; nerve failing below the apex |
Tridontium
|
|
Leaf apex acute: nerve reaching the apex |
— 76 |
76 |
Leaf margin continuous to the apex; cells strongly papillose |
Tortula p.p. |
|
Leaf margin of narrow thin-walled cells, broader at base and gradually narrowing to cease about half-way up the base |
Pseudodistrichium
|
77 |
Alar cells not distinctly developed |
— 110 |
|
Alar cells more or less distinctly developed, forming a group differing from adjacent cells in size, form or in the thicker or thinner cell walls |
— 78 |
78 |
Leaf nerve O or short (to 1/3 way up the leaf), single or double and often faint |
— 79 |
|
Leaf nerve single, reaching at least half-way up the leaf |
— 92 |
79 |
Capsule exserted |
— 80 |
|
Capsule immersed or emergent |
Dicnemon p.p. |
80 |
A swamp moss with large terminal globular yellow capsule with operculum not differentiated; leaves closely appressed when dry |
Pleurophascum
|
|
Capsules with dehiscent opercula |
— 81 |
81 |
Leaves deeply plicate, the bluntly acuminate apex sharply recurved |
Cladomnion
|
|
Leaf apex not sharply recurved |
— 82 |
82 |
Leaves straight or very little recurved |
— 86 |
|
Leaves curved to circinate |
— 83 |
83 |
Capsules pendulous, symmetrical, oblong; alar cells present but extremely delicate and can be missed. Known definitely only from Kermadec Is. |
*
Ectropothecium
|
|
Capsules erect to horizontal |
— 84 |
84 |
Alar cells about 3 inflated hyaline cells with thin walls |
Sematophyllum p.p. |
|
Alar cells forming a small dark group of darker cells with thickened walls |
— 85 |
85 |
Seta 2-8 mm. long |
Camptochaete p.p. |
|
Seta 2-3 cm. long |
Hypnum
|
86 |
Leaves obtuse; alar cells large and hyaline with thin cell walls |
Acrocladium p.p. |
|
Leaves obtuse: alar cells forming dark coloured auricles of small thick-walled cells |
Weymouthia
|
|
Leaves acute |
87 |
87 |
Leaves narrow lingulate to lanceolate, 2-3.5 mm. long. Water mosses |
Drepanocladus p.p. |
|
Leaves not lingulate: not water mosses |
— 88 |
88 |
Leaves, especially the lateral, asymmetrical |
— 89 |
|
Leaves symmetrical |
— 90 |
89 |
Nerve double, very short and faint |
Hampeella
|
|
Nerve double, unevenly forked and reaching to about 1 3 way up the lamina: alars weakly formed or almost wanting |
Plagiothecium
|
90 |
Leaf margins denticulate above |
Glyphothecium p.p. |
|
Leaf margins sharply denticulate throughout |
Ctenidium
|
|
Leaf margins hardly or not dentate |
— 91 |
91 |
Leaves erecto-patent. ovate to ovate-lanceolate; capsules 1-1.75 mm. long |
Sematophyllum p.p. |
|
Leaves imbricate, erecto-patent, oblong-ovate; capsules cylindrical, 3.5.4.5 mm. long |
Entodon
|
|
Leaves squarrose. the lamina spreading rather rigidly from the stem, elongate lanceolate, capsule 2-3.5 mm. long |
Campylium p.p. |
92 |
Seta terminal (acrocarpous mosses) |
— 93 |
|
Seta lateral (pleurocarpous mosses) |
— 99 |
93 |
Plants dark coloured, almost black below, on rock or in streams. Capsules small, subglobose, blackish, wide-mouthed |
Blindia
|
|
Plants normally coloured, capsules cylindrical to oval. On rock, wood or earth |
— 94 |
94 |
Lamina extending only to half-way up the leaf |
*
Chorisodontium |
|
Lamina extending much further up the leaf |
— 95 |
95 |
Seta cygneous; nerve broad |
Campylopus p.p. |
|
Seta erect, may be flexuous; nerve usually narrow |
— 96 |
96 |
Leaf base broad, suddenly narrowed to the subula |
Holomitrium
|
|
Leaf base more gradually narrowing |
— 97 |
97 |
Capsule erect, symmetrical; peristome teeth not or scarcely vertically striate |
Dicranoweisia
|
|
Peristome teeth vertically striolate on dorsal face |
— 98 |
98 |
Leaves not bordered |
Dicranum p.p. |
|
Leaves with a narrow border of hyaline cells, frequently visible only at the base |
*
Dicranoloma p.p. |
99 |
Capsules immersed or emergent; plants usually very free fruiters |
Cryphaea p.p. |
|
Capsules exserted; some shy fruiters |
— 100 |
100 |
Mountain mosses: all or at least some leaves showing a vinous-red or purple colour |
Acrocladium p.p. |
|
Plants not so coloured |
— 101 |
101 |
Leaves round and obtuse at the apex |
— 102 |
|
Leaves acute |
— 103 |
102 |
Plants erect from a primary stem, dendroidly branched above |
Climacium
|
|
Plants prostrate or ascending, complanate with numerous short lateral branches |
*
Scleropodius |
103 |
Leaves falcate-secund |
— 104 |
|
Leaves straight or only slightly curved
|
— 105 |
104 |
Seta papillose |
*
Chamberlainia p.p. |
|
Seta smooth |
Drepanocladus p.p. |
105 |
Operculum conical |
— 106 |
|
Operculum rostrate |
— 108 |
106 |
Leaves not exceeding 1 mm. long, not plicate, may be slightly falcate-secund at branch tips |
Cratoneuron
|
|
Leaves exceeding 1 mm. long, sometimes plicate |
— 107 |
107 |
Leaves usually plicate, ± secund, small quadrate alar cells, erect capsules and smooth setae |
*
Chamberlainia p.p. |
|
Leaves usually smooth, not secund, alar cells lax or inflated, capsules never erect, setae papillose |
Brachythecium
|
108 |
Seta smooth |
Rhynchostegium
|
|
Seta papillose |
— 109 |
109 |
Leaves mostly dimorphous and more or less plicate; nerve often ending in a dorsal spicule |
Eurhynchium
|
|
Leaves neither dimorphous nor plicate; nerve never ending in a dorsal spicule: plants more slender |
Rhynchostegiella
|
110 |
Seta terminal on the branch or stem, sometimes apparently lateral owing to innovations. Plants often short and little branched; or branches whorled or fascicled; or numerous short erect branches rise from a horizontal primary stem (acrocarpous mosses) |
— 111 |
|
Seta lateral, hence plants often long and straggly with pinnate or irregular branching (pleurocarpous mosses) |
— 191 |
111 |
Peristome of only 4 solid persistent teeth; small mountain moss from fissures in old lava |
Tetraphis
|
|
Peristome nil or of more than 4 teeth, or capsule unknown |
— 112 |
112 |
Leaves nerveless |
— 113 |
|
Leaves nerved |
— 115 |
113 |
Minute plant, rarely 2 mm. high, not creeping; perichaetial leaves not closely sheathing the capsule |
Sporledera
|
|
Plant taller, primary stem creeping; perichaetial leaves closely sheathing the seta and capsule |
— 114 |
114 |
Leaves orbicular, those on the upper fertile stems larger and whitish |
Gigaspermum
|
|
Leaves oblong-acute; perichaetial leaves not whitish |
Dicnemon p.p. |
115 |
Capsule cleistocarpous; minute plants on earth usually fruiting freely (in
Archidium future findings likely to have capsules) |
— 116 |
|
Capsule stegocarpous, the operculum falling normally |
— 121 |
116 |
Small; leaves broad in comal tufts closely investing the capsule |
— 117 |
|
Leaves narrower, not comose |
— 118
|
117 |
Stems 0.5-1.0 mm. high; nerve failing below the apex |
Physcomitridium
|
|
Stems 1-2 mm. high; nerve excurrent in a mucro |
Acaulon
|
118 |
Capsules 1-2 to a stem: from swamps |
Pseudephemerum
|
|
Capsules only one to a stem |
— 119 |
119 |
Leaf cells papillose: leaves when dry curled and contorted. with incurving margins |
Astomum
|
|
Leaf cells smooth; leaves not contorted when dry |
— 120 |
120 |
Plants 2-5 mm. high, usually fruiting |
Pleuridium
|
|
Plants 1 cm. high. Found once only, sterile, on coastal rocks |
Archidium
|
121 |
Capsule neck shorter or wanting or peristome double |
— 122 |
|
Capsule neck 1-1½ times as long as the capsule sac; peristome single |
Trematoton
|
122 |
Plants with silky, setaceous leaves and glossy pyriform capsules of papery texture |
Leptobryum
|
|
Plants otherwise |
— 123 |
123 |
Peristome absent |
— 124 |
|
Peristome present, of distinct teeth |
— 135 |
124 |
Leaves when dry very regularly placed with incurved tips so that the leaf spiral insertion is well shown. Usually arboreal |
Macromitrium p.p. |
|
Leaves crumpled or more normally disposed when dry; tips not strikingly incurved |
— 125 |
125 |
Capsule with a red rim, not closed by a membrane: leaves lanceolate |
Weissia p.p. |
|
Capsule rim not red, or if somewhat so, leaves minute or linear or capsule closed by a membrane |
— 126 |
126 |
Exactly like
Weissia in No. 125 but peristome mouth closed by an ephemeral membrane |
Hymenostomum
|
|
Peristome mouth not so closed |
— 127 |
127 |
Calyptra very large, mitriform. enclosing the cylindrical capsule |
Encalypta p.p. |
|
Calyptra smaller or cucullate |
— 128 |
128 |
Forming dense cushions or matted masses; leaves linear-lanceolate or linear, minute |
— 129
|
|
Plants may be crowded but do not form matted masses; leaves broader |
— 130 |
129 |
Capsule exserted, smooth |
Gymnostomum
|
|
Capsule not reaching above the leaves, ribbed |
Amphidium
|
130 |
Calyptra mitriform; leaves spathulate |
Physcomitrium p.p. |
|
Calyptra cucullate; leaves narrower |
— 131 |
131 |
Leaves obtuse |
Hyophila
|
|
Leaves acute or acuminate |
—132 |
132 |
Small annual mosses with cells usually papillose, 4-6 sided with thin walls; peristome wanting or nearly so |
Pottia p.p. |
|
Mostly perennial, cells smooth or only papillose above; peristome usually present |
— 133 |
133 |
Capsule sulcate, peristome variable sometimes wanting |
Zygodon p.p. |
|
Capsules not sulcate |
— 134 |
134 |
Capsules globose: peristome teeth joined at their apices |
Conostomum p.p. |
|
Capsules longer than broad: peristome teeth free |
Funaria p.p. |
135 |
Peristome single |
— 136 |
|
Peristome double |
— 175 |
136 |
Plants of a glaucous, blue-green colour |
Saelania
|
|
Plants of a normal green colour |
— 137 |
137 |
Leaves obtuse |
— 138 |
|
Leaves subacute to acuminate |
— 147 |
138 |
Plants minute to 3 mm. tall but usually only 1.5 mm.; consisting of a brownish green bulbil of appressed leaves. Seta to 1 cm. long |
Desmatodon p.p. |
|
Plants larger or if not, leaves not so closely appressed |
— 139 |
139 |
Peristome long of 32 filiform mostly spirally twisted teeth |
— 140 |
|
Peristome of shorter mostly broader teeth, never twisted |
— 141 |
140 |
Leaves with margins incurved above, cucullate at apex, nerve excurrent in a short mucro |
Tortella p.p. |
|
Leaves with margins recurved or plane, not cucullate at apex, usually without point |
Tortula p.p. |
141 |
Leaves papillose above on the upper face |
— 142 |
|
Leaves smooth above on the upper face |
— 143
|
142 |
Densely tufted and matted with calcareous detritus on dripping rock faces: pale glaucous green |
Eucladium
|
|
Darker or yellowish-green |
— 144 |
143 |
Capsule 8-ribbed |
Zygodon p.p. |
|
Capsule smooth or only mouth plicate |
Macromitrium p.p. |
144 |
Found only on coastal rocks, not much above high tide level |
Mulleriella p.p. |
|
Not found on coastal rocks |
— 145 |
145 |
Leaves 1-1.25 mm. long |
Didymodon
|
|
Leaves 1.75-4.0 mm. long |
— 146 |
146 |
Leaf base with clearly defined rounded auricles at the outside angles |
*
Scouleria |
|
Leaves not auriculate |
Weissia p.p. |
147 |
Capsule quite immersed |
— 148 |
|
Capsule emergent or exserted |
— 150 |
148 |
Calyptra hairless |
— 149 |
|
Calyptra small, slightly pilose with short coarse hairs; a rare mountain moss |
Bryodixonia
|
149 |
A rare moss from coastal rocks. Peristome pale |
Muelleriella p.p. |
|
A common moss, on earth or rock or even submerged. Peristome deep red. Cells sinuose |
Grimmia p.p. |
150 |
Lower leaf cells long and very narrow with strongly thickened walls waved in outline (nodulose) |
Rhacomitrium p.p. |
|
Cells not so thickened |
— 151 |
151 |
Seta cygneous when moist, flexuose when dry: capsules ribbed. Calyptra not fringed |
Campylopodium
|
|
Seta straight when mature |
— 152 |
152 |
Capsules ribbed or more or less angled when dry |
— 153 |
|
Capsules not ribbed |
— 159 |
153 |
Capsules symmetrical and symmetrically placed on top of the seta when mature and dry |
— 154 |
|
Capsule asymmetrical and or asymmetrically placed on the seta when mature and dry |
— 156 |
154 |
Nerve excurrent |
Weissia p.p.
|
|
Nerve ceasing below the apex |
—155 |
155 |
Upper leaf cells papillose |
Zygodon p.p. |
|
Upper leaf cells smooth |
Dicranella p.p. |
156 |
Leaves with a broad sheathing base quite suddenly narrowed to the lamina |
Bartramia
|
|
Leaf bases not sheathing, more gradually narrowed to the lamina |
—157 |
157 |
Leaves ovate to obovate-oblong; margins not recurved, entire |
Funaria p.p. |
|
Leaves lanceolate to ovate-lanceolate; margins more or less recurved |
—158 |
158 |
Capsule turgidly oval; leaf margins only partly recurved |
Conostomum p.p. |
|
Capsules ovate-lanceolate; leaf margins all tightly recurved nearly to the apex |
Ceratodon
|
159 |
Nerve greatly thickened in upper part and ending in a mucro |
Desmatodon p.p. |
|
Nerve not thickened above |
—160 |
160 |
Peristome of 16 teeth, deeply divided into 32 long twisted filiform segments |
—161 |
|
Peristome teeth shorter and broader, either entire or less deeply divided and not twisted |
—163 |
161 |
Leaf margins incurved or plane, hyaline basal cells extending obliquely higher up the margin |
Tortella p.p. |
|
Leaf margin usually recurved; maybe bordered but hyaline basal cells not extending obliquely higher at the margin |
—162 |
162 |
Leaf margins closely recurved, entire; basal cells not greatly differentiated from those above, i.e. not lax and hyaline |
Barbula p.p. |
|
Leaf margins plane, recurved or reflexed, entire or dentate above; basal cells larger and hyaline |
Tortula p.p. |
163 |
Only the inner peristome developed, of 16 narrowly linear articulated processes |
Mielichhoferia
|
|
Only the outer peristome developed, of linear, papillose or broader teeth |
—164 |
164 |
Forming mats; primary stem creeping with closely packed, short, erect branches |
Macromitrium p.p.
|
|
Plants without a creeping stem |
—165 |
165 |
Leaves falcate-secund |
—166 |
|
Leaves straight or only slightly curved |
—167 |
166 |
Leaves 1-2 mm. long |
Ditrichum p.p. |
|
Leaves 3-3.75 mm. long |
Wilsoniella
|
167 |
Leaves papillose |
—168 |
|
Leaves not papillose |
—171 |
168 |
Leaves squarrose when moist |
—169 |
|
Leaves not squarrose |
—170 |
169 |
Leaves undulate and serrate |
Leptodontium
|
|
Leaf margins entire and not undulate |
Zygodon p.p. |
170 |
Nerve percurrent; apex not apiculate |
Cheilothela
|
|
Nerve ceasing below the apex with a hyaline apiculus |
Erythrobarbula
|
171 |
Calyptra mitriform: rock mosses |
Ptychomitrium
|
|
Calyptra cucullate |
—172 |
172 |
Peristome teeth of filiform papillose segments |
Ditrichum p.p. |
|
Peristome teeth lanceolate |
—173 |
173 |
Leaves comparatively broad, oblong, ovate or obovate with lax cells |
Funaria p.p. |
|
Leaves narrower |
—174 |
174 |
Capsule with a distinct neck; as broad as high with a wide mouth |
Seligeria
|
|
Capsule neck not or only slightly developed; capsule much higher than broad, about 2 × 1 |
Dicranella p.p. |
175 |
Leaves linear-sublate to lanceolate-subulate |
—176 |
|
Leaves broader |
—177 |
176 |
Capsule lightly sulcate; leaves 3.5-5 mm. long |
Orthodontium
|
|
Capsule smooth; leaves 1-2 mm. long |
Pohlia p.p. |
177 |
Leaves papillose |
—178 |
|
Leaves not papillose |
—180 |
178 |
Leaves more or less plicate from a sub-sheathing base |
Breutelia
|
|
Leaves not plicate and not sheathing at the base |
—179 |
179 |
Nerve not reaching the apex; leaf margins narrowly
|
|
revolute from the base to far up the lamina |
Aulacomnium
|
|
Nerve percurrent or excurrent: leaf margins somewhat recurved or plane |
Philonotis
|
180 |
Capsule ribbed |
—181 |
|
Capsule not ribbed |
—184 |
181 |
Capsule long, narrowly cylindrical, 3-4 mm. long; brood filaments common in upper leaf axils |
Leptotheca
|
|
Capsule more or less oval, smaller, to 2.5 mm. long |
—182 |
182 |
Main stem creeping, branches short and erect; calyptra large smooth, neither plicate nor hairy, campanulate |
Schlotheimia
|
|
Stem not creeping: calyptra hairy or not |
—183 |
183 |
Inner cells at leaf base strongly incrassate and differentiated from the outer cells; stomata at the base of the capsule |
Ulota
|
|
Inner cells at leaf base scarcely incrassate and little differentiated; stomata in the middle or upper part of the capsule |
Orthotrichum p.p. |
184 |
Seta from the base of the stem; capsule often asymmetrical and recurved, horizontal |
Goniobryum
|
|
Seta from the stem apex |
—185 |
185 |
Capsule pyriform, variably curved and gibbous with a tapered neck; nerve very wide below, failing below the apex |
Meesia
|
|
Capsules straight or slightly curved |
—186 |
186 |
Leaf cells in mid-leaf rounded or shortly oval |
Orthotrichum p.p. |
|
Leaf cells rhomboid or rhomboid-hexagonal, to linear or vermicular |
—187 |
187 |
Leaf cells usually elongated. 4 × 1 or longer; nerve mostly failing below the apex |
Pohlia p.p. |
|
Leaf cells usually broader, less than 4 × 1; nerve often reaching the apex or percurrent |
—188 |
188 |
Capsule erect or sub-erect; peristome more or less rudimentary, without cilia: |
Brachymenium
|
|
Capsule usually pendulous; processes normal |
—189 |
189 |
Outer peristome teeth shorter than the processes; cilia rudimentary |
Plagiobryum
|
|
Outer peristome teeth not shorter than the processes |
Bryum p.p. |
190 |
Robust dendroid mosses with creeping rhizomatous primary stems and woody secondary ones; cells elongate, prosenchymatous; capsules large, cylindrical; operculum rostrate |
—191 |
|
Less robust mosses; if with creeping woody primary stem, then capsules and cells otherwise |
—194 |
191 |
Frond elongate, bipinnate, growing at right angles from tree trunks; branch leaves almost obtuse |
Braithwaitea
|
|
Branches in a close frond or whorled, leaves acute; usually on earth or logs |
—192 |
192 |
Stipe naked; capsule smooth |
Sciadocladus
|
|
Capsule furrowed |
—193 |
193 |
Stipes without marked tomentum; leaves mostly complanate, plane above |
Hypnodendron
|
|
Stipes tomentose; leaves crowded, not complanate, concave or channelled above |
Mniodendron
|
194 |
Capsules immersed |
—195 |
|
Capsules exserted or almost so |
—197 |
195 |
Nerve strong, reaching apex or shortly excurrent |
Anoectangium
|
|
Nerve wanting or reaching only to midleaf |
—196 |
196 |
Leaves imbricate when dry, not complanate. Cells more or less papillose |
Hedwigia p.p. |
|
Leaves complanately arranged; cells smooth |
Neckera p.p. |
197 |
Leaves more or less papillose |
—189 |
|
Leaves not at all papillose |
—203 |
198 |
Leaves of harsh texture with long often red hair points; nerveless |
Rhacocarpus
|
|
Leaves without hair points, nerved except sometimes in
Camptochaete |
—199 |
199 |
Leaves from a very broad triangular base with inflexed finely denticulate basal auricles, lanceolate-subulate above |
Papillaria
|
|
Leaves without auricles at the base |
—200 |
200 |
Secondary stems with numerous paraphyllia |
Thuidium
|
|
Stems without paraphyllia |
—201 |
201 |
Leaves 0.5 mm. long, lingulate |
Haplohymenium
|
|
Leaves not lingulate |
—202 |
202 |
Yellow-green plants in dense intricate tufts; leaves ovate-oblong to obovate oblong |
Camptochaete p.p. |
|
Dark or olive-green plants, neither densely nor intricately branched; leaves from ligulate-lanceolate to ovate-lanceolate and longly setaceous |
Echinodium p.p. |
203 |
Capsule ribbed |
—204 |
|
Capsule smooth |
—209 |
204 |
Leaves widely oblong or oval, very obtuse: stems with paraphyllia |
Neckera p.p. |
|
Leaves more or less ovate or lanceolate and acute or with the apex sharply recurved: stems without paraphyllia |
—205 |
205 |
Leaves rounded, apex not retuse: inner peristome wanting |
Dichelodontium
|
|
Leaves acute; inner peristome present |
—206 |
206 |
Plants very small, on bushes, vines or occasionally on trees; gemmae globose in terminal clusters |
Tetraphidopsis
|
|
Plants larger; gemmae when present axillary in the upper leaves |
—207 |
207 |
Capsule horizontal; leaves squarrose |
Ptychomnion
|
|
Capsules erect or suberect: leaves not squarrose |
—208 |
208 |
Leaves deeply plicate with retuse recurved apices; robust plants |
Cladomnion
|
|
Leaves slightly plicate, acute: brood filaments short; plants less robust |
Glyphothecium p.p. |
|
Leaves not plicate, asymmetrical; or polymorphous; brood filaments long: plants mostly slender and short |
Hampeella
|
209 |
Stems and branches strongly enrolled when dry |
Leptodon
|
|
Stems and branches not enrolled |
—210 |
210 |
Nerve O or weak and single, double or forked, not usually reaching mid-leaf |
—211 |
|
Nerve reaching mid-leaf or longer, single |
—221 |
211 |
Stems with paraphyllia; leaves ovate-oblong; nerve double to mid-leaf. Mountain moss on earth |
Hylocomium
|
|
Stems without paraphyllia |
—212
|
212 |
Dendroidly branched above; lower stem leafless and woody |
Camptochaete p.p. |
|
Stems not woody |
—213 |
213 |
Leaves narrow, tapering to an acute apex; nerveless |
—214 |
|
Leaves broader, obtuse or narrowing rather suddenly to a short point |
—215 |
214 |
Operculum conical; calyptra cucullate |
Isopterygium
|
|
Operculum conico-rostrate: calyptra mitriform |
Sauloma
|
215 |
On trees; glossy, sometimes partly white; branches often bare at ends and densely clothed with brown septate brood filaments; capsule narrowly cylindrical |
Trachyloma
|
|
Plants otherwise |
—216 |
216 |
Leaves concave, not much longer than broad, very rounded at apex, of firm or papery texture |
Lembophyllum
|
|
Leaves usually longer than broad, fleshy when fresh; not concave: fronds flattened |
—217 |
217 |
Calyptra cucullate. Leaf cells not varying greatly in size except at the base, small (to 28 μ diameter in mid-leaf) with rather or much thickened walls |
—219 |
|
Calyptra mitriform. Mid-leaf cells much enlarged (40-120 μ diameter) with thin walls |
—218 |
218 |
Calyptra lobed at base; nerve forked above in 2 of the 3 species |
Pterygophyllum
|
|
Calyptra fimbriate at base; nerve not forked at apex |
Distichophyllum p.p. |
219 |
Leaves with the lower margin inflexed on one side, not undulate |
Homalia
|
|
Leaves linear-oblong, strongly undulate, not with one side inflexed at the base |
Porotrichum
|
220 |
Cells short in mid-leaf, oval to rhomboid, 2-5 × 1, leaves broad and short except in
Echinodium |
—221 |
|
Cells narrow, 7-15 × 1 |
—224 |
221 |
Leaves squarrose, widely spreading with a lanceolate lamina from a cordate-ovate base |
Cratoneuropsis
|
|
Leaves not squarrosely spreading |
—222 |
222 |
Sub-pinnately branched above, leaves complanate, spreading or suberect, widely oblong to elliptic-spathulate |
Thamnium
|
|
Leaves neither oblong nor complanate |
—223
|
223 |
Leaves when dry densely imbricated and erect, broadly ovate and acute |
Pseudoleskea
|
|
Leaves spreading when dry, not imbricated; either ovate-lanceolate and very longly acuminate or with the lamina broader |
Echinodium p.p. |
224 |
Leaves ovate-cordate, minutely and distantly denticulate almost throughout |
Eriodon
|
|
Leaves narrower, mostly ovate-lanceolate to lanceolate, entire or denticulate at apex only |
—225 |
225 |
Leaf cells in mid leaf somewhat narrow, 8-10 × 1; slender plants with leaves 1 mm. long |
Amblystegium
|
|
Rather more robust plants with narrower cells and longer leaves, 1-4 mm. long |
—226 |
226 |
Leaf acumen channelled; leaves not divergent |
Campylium p.p. |
|
Leaf acumen flat, not channelled; leaves divergent |
Leptodictyum
|