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The New Zealand journal, 1842-1844 of John B. Williams of Salem, Massachussetts
Glossary of plants and animals, mainly native
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Glossary of plants and animals, mainly native
| awa | yellow-eyed mullet (Agonostomus forsteri) |
| bittern | Botanis stellaris poiciloptilus |
| calabash | Lagenaria vulgaris |
| Cape gooseberry | Physalis peruviana: Mrs. Lucy Cranwell Smith notes the early introduction of this plant. |
| crane | the reef heron |
| daisy | apparently the epiphytic Senecio kirkii |
| ducks | probably grey duck, brown duck, grey teal |
| fern | popular name for bracken (Pteridium esculentum) |
| greenstone | Nephrite |
| gum | kauri gum: the fresh or fossilized resin of the kauri, |
| hapuku | groper (Polyprion oxygeneois) |
| haraheke | flax (Phormium tenax). The fibre is called muka. |
| hinau | Elaeocarpus dentatus |
| hotte (awheto) | Cordyceps robertsii: a fungus which attacks caterpillars, and finally sends out a slender fructification, usually from near the head. This has given rise to the persistent belief that the rata tree in particular begins life as a caterpillar. |
| hue | calabash or gourd (Lagenaria vulgaris) |
| kahakaha | refers here to Collospermum hastatum (formerly Astelia solanderi) |
| kahawai | a perch, not a pike: (Arripis trutta) |
| kahikatea | white pine (Podocarpus dacrydioides) |
| kahikatoa | tea-tree or manuka (Leptospermum scoparium) |
| karaka | Corynocarpus laevigatus: the poison is a glucoside. |
| karuhiruhi | pied shag (Phalacrocorax varius) |
| kawai | mullet: one of the mullets is usually known as kanae, the other |
| as awa. | |
| kawau | black shag (Phalacrocorax carbo) |
| kauri | Agathis australis, a massive conifer whose young pyramidal form (riker) yielded the spars mentioned in the text. |
| kiwi | North Island kiwi (Apteryx mantelli). If correctly identified this is a very early record for North Auckland. D'Urville found the species at Tolaga Bay in 1827. |
| koarea | golden snapper (Trachichthodes affinis) |
| kohekohe | Dysoxylum spectabile |
| koia | the fresh or fermented juice from young flower shoots of coco-page 119 nut (Cocos Nucifera) which Williams would have known farther north in the Pacific. |
| korimako | bellbird (Anthornis melanura) |
| korau | black tree-fern (Cyathea medullaris), often 50 feet high. |
| kotare | kingfisher (Halcyon sanctus); Lesson made the first collection |
| in the Bay of Islands in 1824. | |
| koura | freshwater crayfish |
| kumarahou | name given to several shrubs and trees, seems here to refer to Ixerba brexioides |
| mango (mako?) | shark; manga dogfish |
| mangrove | Avicennia officinalis |
| manuka | see kahikatoa |
| 'manuka with | |
| fine leaf' | Leptospermum ericoides |
| matata | fern bird (Bowdleria punctata) |
| matukutuku | matuku-moana, reef heron (Egretta sacra sacra) |
| mohi | sprat (Clupea antipodump. |
| miro | Podocarpus ferrugineus |
| moa | wingless, often massive, extinct birds of several genera in the Dinornis family; the time of extinction is not known, but is thought to have been not long ago. |
| mokimoki | Poly podium pustulatum (fragrant fern) or Cyclophorus serpens? |
| nikau | Rhopalostylis sapida, the only palm native to the New Zealand mainland. Williams gives the edible part as 'pitau,' a name usually associated with the starchy part of the black tree-fern. |
| no | Hen and Chickens fern (Asplenium bulbiferum) |
| paekirikiri | butterfish (Pseudolabrus celidotus) |
| papapa | Bishop Williams has recorded this name for Gaultheria antipodal; John B. Williams's description is more suggestive of Leucopogon Frazeri, pa totara. |
| pareheke | bream (Brama rail) |
| parrakeet | apparently kakariki, the red-fronted parrakeet (Cyanoramphus novae-zelandiae) |
| pate, patete | Schefflera digitata |
| patiki | flatfish or sand flounder |
| pearl shell | paua (Haliotis iris Martyn), related to abalone |
| pigeon | Hemiphaga novaeseelandiae |
| piwakawaka | fantail (Rhipidura flabellifera) |
| pohutukawa | Christmas tree (Metrosideros excelsa)page 120 |
| ponga | silver tree-fern (Cyathea dealbata) |
| poroporo | Solarium aviculare |
| puriri | Vitex lucens |
| Puritan fern | from habitat notes possibly Doodia media, whose Maori name is pukupuku. |
| rata | Metrosideros robusta |
| rauaruhe | braken fern (Pteridium esculentum): grows up to 12 feet high. |
| raupo | bulrush (Typha angustifolia) |
| rewarewa | Knightia excelsa |
| rimu | Dacrydium cupressinum |
| spar-wood | see kauri |
| takeke | Guardfish, garfish, or piper (Hemirhamphus intermedins) |
| taraire | Beilschmiedia tarairi |
| tawa | Beilschmiedia tawa |
| tarahika | tarakihi? The description suggests kupara, the John Dory (Zeus faber) |
| tipau | Suttonia australis or the larger S. salicina |
| titoki | Alectryon excelsum |
| tohara | see totara |
| toro | Suttonia salicina. The reference to flower odour suggests Persooniatoru, also sometimes known as toro. |
| totara | Podocarpus totara |
| towai | Weinmannia sylvicola |
| toutouwai | North Island Robin (Miro longipes) |
| tupakihi, tutu | Coriaria arborea: the poison is a glucoside, tutin. |
| tuna | eel: here the long-finned eel (Anguilla dieffenbachi) |
| tui | parsonbird (Prosthemadera novaeseelandiae) |
| uruuruwhenua | Tree-fern (Dicksonia squarrosa), usually known as wheki. |
| violet | Viola cunninghamii, a native violet |
| weta | wingless 'cricket,' a member of the locust family (Deinacrida sp.) |
| whai | skate; whai repo—stingray, stingaree |
| wharawhara | Astelias (A. Banksii of coastal shores; A. Cunninghamii, an epiphyte) |
| whau | Entelea arborescens |
| widgeon | see 'ducks' |