First Lessons in Maori
§ 58. Derivative Nouns are formed—
§ 58. Derivative Nouns are formed—
i. From transitive verbs, by prefixing kai, to denote the agent, thus:
Hanga, make. Kaihanga, maker.
ii. From verbs generally, by adding as a suffix one of the terminations, -nga, -anga, -hanga, -kanga, -manga, -ranga, -tanga, -inga, as:—
-
mahinga from mahi
-
nohoanga from noho
-
tirohanga from tiro
-
tomokanga from tomo
-
ngaromanga from ngaro
-
turanga from tu
-
puritanga from pupuri
-
kāinga from kā
The termination suitable to any particular verb will, as in the case of the passive, have to be learned; but page 41 it will be noticed that in many cases it bears some relation to the passive termination (§ 51), thus:—
titiro | tirohia | tirohanga |
motu | motukia | motukanga |
tanu | tanumia | tanumanga |
man | mauria | mauranga |
pupuri | puritia | puritanga |
A few verbs preserve an ancient verbal suffix, hi or ki; and these form the verbal noun direct from the root; as, arahi, arahanga, rumaki, rumakanga.
The noun thus formed denotes the (a) circumstance, (b) time, (c) place, or (d) matter of the action expressed by the verb. In the case of a transitive verb the noun may be used in either the active or the passive sense. (§ 22 a, b).
(a) |
Mo taku patunga i tana tamaiti, on account of my striking his child. |
(b) |
I tona taenga atu, at the time of his arrival, or, when he arrived. |
(c) |
Ko te turanga tena o Horo, that is the place where Horo stood. |
(d) |
Tena etahi purapura hei whakatokanga mau, there is some seed for you to plant. |