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First Lessons in Maori

§ 8. Local nouns

§ 8. Local nouns.

—There are certain nouns which are invariably used without a definitive, (§ 18), though the force of a definitive must be expressed in translation. The majority of these have a place signification, hence the designation, local nouns; but there are others also with a time signification, which belong to the same grammatical category, and are subject to the same rules.

The following is a list of the most important of these:—

  • Runga, the top, the upper part.

  • Raro, the bottom, the under part.

  • Roto, the inside, the midst.

  • Waho, the outside, the exterior.

  • Mua, the front, the fore part.

  • Muri, the rear, the hind part.

  • Waenga, waenganui, waengarahi, the middle, the midst.

  • Hea, whea, what place, what time (future).

  • Ko, yonder place, the distant time.

  • Konei, this place (near me).

  • Kona, that place (near you).

  • Reira, that place (before-mentioned).

  • Tāwāhi, tarawāhi, the other side (of a river or valley).

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  • Tua, the other side (of a hill, house, etc.).

  • Tātahi, the sea shore (as opposed to places inland).

  • Uta, the inland (as opposed to tatahi).

  • Uta, the dry land, the shore (as opposed to the water).

  • Tai, the sea (as opposed to the dry land).

  • Tahaki, the shore (as opposed to the water), one side.

  • Aianei, naianei, the present

  • Aoake, the day before, the day after.

  • Karehā, the day before yesterday, the day after to-morrow.

  • Nahea, what time (past).

  • Nanahi, yesterday.

  • Napō, last night.

  • Namata, the past time, long ago.

  • Nehe, nehera, the ancient times.

  • Pahaki, the near distance.

  • Raurangi, another time, another day (past or future).

  • Tahirā, the day after tomorrow, the day before yesterday.

  • Taitua, the further side (of a solid body).

  • Tawhiti, the distance, a distance.