Title: Robley: Te Ropere, 1840—1930

Author: Timothy Walker

Publication details: University of Auckland, 1985, Auckland

Digital publication kindly authorised by: Timothy Walker

Part of: The Moko Texts Collection

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Robley: Te Ropere, 1840—1930

New Zealand Scenes; — 1864–1866

page 200

New Zealand Scenes;
1864–1866

Tauranga and surrounding settlements p.201
Canoe subjects 218
Pukehinahina (Gate Pa) and Te Rangaranga 226
Maketu and Matata 251
page 201

11. Te Papa Cemetery (1864)

  • w/c on white cart.

  • 210 × 285 mm.

  • NMNZ Collection FA 1142

  • Purchased from the Artist by the N.Z. Govt, 1905

Inscriptions

Verso: (pencil, R's hand) sketch of picture with features labelled.

“Directions to artist/aloe plants/old graces [to left]/willlow trees/800 feet hill/3 miles off [Maunganui]/Man of War [ship to right]/16 graves/sandspit/[harbour entrance] about 10 miles off.”

(ink, R's hand) lower left

“The Dead of Regts & sailors/in war 1865 Te Papa Cemetery”

(pencil, R's hand) bottom right, inverse

[sketch of 3 soldiers' heads]

(ink, ? hand) centre

“to be sent on to Coutts & Co/Strand/for Captn Robley”

(ink, “Illustrated London News” agent) left margin, centre

“4110”

Robley Album: (ink, R's hand)

“56/War Graves in 1864 at Te Papa/after Gate Pa & Te Ranga/G. Robley.”

Notes: “With the occupation of the district by British troops Archdeacon A.N. Brown had returned to Te Papa, … so our soldiers also had their tohunga and his services were now given to performing the rites of the burial service. The graves had all been prepared by the 2nd May when the funeral took place … Two weep willows and a cabbage tree with a clump of New Zealand flax marked the spot where the British sailors and soldiers were interred in thirty-two graves, disposed in three parallel lines. Lieut.-Colonel Booth of the 43rd was buried on the left hand … while the naval officers and seamen were interred in order of seniority in the third and farthest line … It was not a long time after that a Naval party set to and fenced in the graves and erected headstones bearing suitable inscriptions” [Fildes: 1921. p.62–63].

page 202

12. Camp at Tauranga

  • w/c & pencil on white cart.

  • 219 × 348 mm.

  • NMNZ Collection FA 844

  • Purchased from the Artist by the N.Z. Govt, 1905

Inscriptions & Labels

Recto: (typed label from Illustrated London News) bottom left

The War in New Zealand: Tauranga Harbour, with the Camp/ /Headquarters of the 68th and 43rd Regiments.”

Verso: (pencil, R's hand) whole page

[Sketches of canoe sternposts.]

Robley Album: (ink, R's hand) placed to refer to subjects in image

“Fort Durham/Maunganui/old cemetery */Mission Houses/School/Ft. Monmouth/house of Captn Sellars/

* here was found a chief buried & beautiful mere/before cemetery was enlarged for our fallen/natives saw the weapon & claimed it from the/authorities/G. Robley” [see note below].

Notes: “[on our arrival in Tauranga in January, 1864] The troops were encamped at the Te Papa Mission-Station, which was placed on a most commanding situation, the tents of the soldiery being on the incline of a fine clover-clad field, the surrounding bush having either been burnt or cleared off the land. Colonel Carey, with Colonel Morant of the 68th Regiment, established his Headquarters in the neat and comfortable Mission Residence alongside the School, while a similar cottage formerly the residence of the Rev. Charles Baker, was partitioned among Captain F.A. Smith of the 43rd, Captain Rowles of the Waikato Militia, and Mr. W.B. Baker, the Interpreter to the Forces, and Boarding Officer, and several others … The Mission School House was by far the central edifice, it being a two-storied building of imposing appearance … and was now utilized as the Commissariat Store.” [Fildes: 1921. p. 25].

The mere found by a 68th soldier was handed to the Officer-in-Command, Colonel Greer. The Maori claimed it as Te Raukaraka (Karaka leaf), the property of Hohepa Hikutaia (also known as Hohepa te Mea).

The dark colour of the mere, after which it was named, was fully described by the Maori, to whom it was returned.

Te Raukaraka had been presented to Gilbert Mair snr by the Chief Korauraura during a visit to Tauranga in May 1828. Mair asked Korauraura to retain the mere until his return, but when the Mission vessel he skippered returned three days later the pa had been taken by a party of Thames Maori. Korauraura and 300 of his people were killed and page 203 Te Raukaraka was not seen again until discovered in 1864. Hohepa Hikutaia later presented it to Gilbert Mair jnr, who donated it to the Auckland Museum. [note by Gilbert Mair. Fildes:1921. p. 65].

13. Te Papa, Tauranga (1865)

  • w/c on white cart.

  • 137 × 252 mm.

  • NMNZ Collection FA 1893

  • Purchased from the Artist by the N.Z. Govt, 1905

Inscriptions

Recto: (ink, ? hand) lower left corner

G. Robley del.”

(pencil, R's hand) lower right

“Te Papa/Tauranga”

(pencil, R's hand) upper left corner

[erased.]

Mt. Recto: (ink, ? hand) paper labels, affixed above & below image “Te Papa — Tauranga”

“- Durham Redoubt, & Huts — 68th Regt 1865.”

Notes: “The Durham Redoubt, so named after my regiment [68th Durham Light Infantry], was at the South side of the camp to the rear of Headquarters and facing the ranges, and commanded the creek and tidal basin in the rear. It had deep ditches and flanking angles, at one of which a 12-pounder Armstrong gun belonging to H.M. ship Miranda was mounted. This Redoubt was commanded by Lieutenant A.F. Marshall of our Regiment” [Fildes:1921. p. 29.]

14. Tauranga E (1866)

  • w/c on white cart.

  • 220 × 347 mm.

  • NMNZ Collection FA 845

  • Purchased from the Artist by the N.Z. Govt, 1905

Inscriptions

Recto: (w/c, R's hand) lower right

Tauranga E/1866.”

Robley Album: (ink, R's hand)

“4/Tauranga in 66 stores & &/G. Robley.”
page 204

15. Gilbert Mair, Duck shooting with Robley D.L.I. 1865

  • w/c & pencil on white paper

  • image: 86 × 140 mm.

  • support: 92 × 144 mm.

  • AIM Manuscript Collection MS256/R66

  • Provenance: Mair Collection

Inscriptions

Verso: (ink, R's hand) whole page

“our boat is over where at low tide midnight 29 April 64/68th got to rear of the Gate Pah taking the water/from hill on the right/remains of a trench that gave cover for getting/water from the swamps is seen -/This sketch was done from memory 1918/ & presented with “aroha” to/Captn Gilbert Mair N.Z.C./as it shows him — close friend of the artist -/ shooting near redoubt on/site of the/Gate Pah &/-Lt Robley later joined Capt. Mair at Matata/ & saw him on active service.”

16. Huria Redoubt (1864)

  • w/c on white cart.

  • 208 × 282 mm.

  • ATL Picture Collection A 33/12

Inscriptions

Verso: (pencil & ink, R's hand) whole page

“one of the old redoubts/Huria/Huria redoubt ((with willow tree)/over a grave of a Maori)/in line with Maunganui/on opposite side of/commanded here a ford/view from rampart of/fort built over Gate Pa trenches/about/centre/wooden house & trees/on rd to Te Papa. Blue serge uniform of the troops 1864./ Here was the breach made/in palisade of Gate Pa/& where storming party/retired.”

Notes: “[May, 1864] Owing to the alarming news received that the settlement of Whanganui was in danger … and also of disturbances at Hawke's Bay, it was decided to abandon the posts of Te Wairoa and Te Puna, … and concentrate the force at Headquarters Te Papa … but one small post was … established at Te Huria, or Judea, to contain a force of one hundred men under Captain Light” [Fildes:1921. p. 65].

“All … officers and men … before being send up country [to Tauranga] an service were issued with blue “jumpers” in place of red coats and wore the forage-cap in place of the shako” [Ward:1962. p. 187].

page 205

17. Graves at Huria (1865)

  • w/c & pencil on white cart.

  • 158 × 244 mm.

  • NMNZ Collection FA 748

  • Purchased from the Artist by the N.Z. Govt, 1905

Inscriptions

Verso: (ink, R's hand) lower right, inverse

“[Missing/Mission]/servant/Rations.”

(pencil, R's hand) lower right corner, inverse

[illeg. & cropped]

Robley Album: (ink, R's hand)

“19/Figures Set up to Commemorate the Dead Were in Close Imitation of Their Tattooing, and Constituted a Method of/Identification That Rendered an Inscription Unnecessary/grave at Huria/G. Robley/1865–.”
page 206

18. 2 Maori graves at Matapihi (1865)

  • w/c, ink & pencil on white cart.

  • 210 × 277 mm.

  • sign.: (w/c) bottom left “G. Robley

  • date: (w/c) bottom right “1865”

  • NMNZ Collection FA 745

  • Purchased from the Artist by the N.Z. Govt, 1905

Inscriptions

Verso: (ink, R's hand) centre left

“2 Maori graves at Matapihi/the boat is over a child.”

(pencil, ? hand) right margin [↓]

“Dr. Best,/Hanaru your patient can't breath after taking the/[medicine]/[would] like it changed — his spittle is red — & he would like [?]/[?] allowance from Mr. Clarke.”*

Robley Album: (ink, R's hand)

“15/Graves at Matapihi/boat is over a child.”

Notes: “Another sketch representing a place that was tapu, and is now in the Wellington Museum, was outside the Matapihi Pa, and showed a small plot of land fenced in within which was a shed having some weather-worn words in Maori on its gable boards. These were indications of the place having been a burial ground for two people whose bones had been exhumed, one of the graves that of a child, and over it had been placed an upturned small boat of pakeha design.” [Fildes: 1921. p. 99]

*NB: Dr Best was Staff Surgeon for the 68th Regiment, and had travelled to NZ with Robley on board the “Australian” (from Rangoon) in 1863. [Mair, Notebook Dairy No. 4 ATL MS92/42]

Hanaru could be Anaru, a portrait of whom Robley included in “Moko; or Maori Tattooing” as figure 128. Mr Clarke is probably Mr Henry T. Clarke, R.M. who administered the Te Papa Mission Block of eight/nine hundred acres.

page 207

19. Whare at Matapihi, 1864

  • w/c & pencil on white cart.

  • 181 × 280 mm.

  • NMNZ Collection FA 837

  • Purchased from the Artist by the N.Z. Govt, 1905

Inscriptions

Verso: (ink & pencil, R's hand) centre

“Wharre (sic.) at Matapihi “1864”/Young Maori with hoe daring me to take his portrait & moving about/G. Robley.”

(pencil) lower left

[sketch of horse's head]

Robley Album: (ink, R's hand)

“12/Matapihi 1864/G. Robley
19. Whare at Matapihi National Museum of New Zealand

19. Whare at Matapihi National Museum of New Zealand

page 208

20. Paratene's whare at Matapihi, 1864

  • w/c & pencil on white cart.

  • 144 × 230 mm.

  • ATL Picture Collection A 33/34

  • Accn. No.: 74–601

  • Purchased at McKearney's Auction, Hastings, 1974

Inscriptions

Recto: (w/c, R's hand) bottom left

Paratene'S Wharre (sic.) at Matapihi”

(w/c, R's hand) lower right

“1864.”

Verso: (pencil, ? hand) centre

“Painted by/Lt. H.G. Robley/68th Foot/1865”

Note: son of Paretotara (Ngaiterangi) [Steedman:1985 p.150].

21. Enoka te Whanaki's house at Matapihi, 1865

  • w/c & ink on white cart.

  • 182 × 278 mm.

  • NMNZ Collection FA 835

  • Purchased from the Artist by the N.Z. Govt, 1905

Inscriptions

Verso: (pencil, ? hand) upper centre

“Reg No 833 Robley No 5/Chief's house at Matapihi 1865/Enoka te Whanaki's house — man threatening/sketcher to take portrait”

Notes:Enoka te Whanaki, a Chief of the Ngaiterangi tribe, was the first to lay down arms when the Maori surrendered to the British at Te Papa on 25th July, 1864 [Fildes: 1921. p. 82.]

He was a brother of Kimi; who was the wife of Hori Ngatai and the mother of Heni Ngatai [Steedman:1985 p. 141].

“I remembered two of the chiefs well — Enoka had very big eyes — like deer, when I tried to draw expressions …” [Robley-Adams: n/d. ATL MS16/9].

page 209

22. Carving Totara Slabs inside a big whare (1864)

  • w/c on white cart.

  • 222 × 288 mm.

  • NMNZ Collection FA 741

  • Purchased from the Artist by the N.Z. Govt, 1905

Inscriptions

Verso: (ink, R's hand) centre

“Carving Totara slabs/inside a big wharre (sic.)/for Sir George Grey/at Matapihi/1864.”

(pencil, R' hand) lower page, inverse

[sketches of 5 Maori portraits].

Robley Album: (ink, R's hand)

“26/carving for the kawana/slabs of totara/sketch inside a whare/G. Robley/date 1864.”

Notes: “In consequence of a wish expressed by the Tauranga natives for a visit from the Governor, Sir George Grey, and the General Officer Commanding the Forces embarked on the 3rd August 1864, in H.M. ship Miranda for Tauranga, and arrived there on the following day … In order to mark his sense of the honourable manner in which they had conducted hostilities … he also promised that in the ultimate settlement the area of land to be taken would not exceed one-fourth of the total.” [Fildes:1921. p. 85].

page 210
[unclear:
22. Carving Totara Slabs inside a big whare (1864) National Museum of New Zealand

22. Carving Totara Slabs inside a big whare (1864) National Museum of New Zealand

]
page 211

23. Church of the Maori at Maungatapu (1865)

  • w/c, ink & pencil on white cart.

  • 135 × 222 mm.

  • NMNZ Collection FA 831

  • Purchased from the Artist by the N.Z. Govt, 1905

Inscriptions

Verso: (ink, R's hand) centre, to left

“Church of the Maori/at Maungatapu.”

Robley Album:

“20/Te Papa/- cemetery -/wooden church/Maungatapu 1865 (Archdeacon Brown Mission)”

24. Opounui

  • w/c on white cart.

  • 272 × 221 mm.

  • NMNZ Collection FA 723

  • Purchased from the Artist by the N.Z. Govt, 1905

Inscriptions

Verso: (ink, R's hand) upper centre

“Oponui (sic.)”

Robley Album: (ink, R's hand)

“17/After the Tauranga settlement after war 1864/loyal flag put up at Oponui (sic.) -/2 portraits in foreground, and carved/post — site of/an old pa G. Robley.”

Note: Opounui is on the [Tauranga] harbour coast of Matakana Island. (see also Cat. No. 81).

page 212

25. Roman Catholic Chapel, Otumoetai (1865)

  • w/c, ink & pencil on white paper

  • 195 × 253 mm.

  • NMNZ Collection FA 1705

  • Purchased from the Artist by the N.Z. Govt, 1905

Inscriptions

Verso: (ink, R's hand) bottom, inverse

“Roman Catholic Church built by Maories/at Otamoetahi (sic)”

Robley Album: (ink, R's hand)

“65/R. Catholic/Chapel/Otamoetahi (sic)/1865/G. Robley.”

Notes: “Otumoetai village … had been the site of the Roman Catholic Mission founded by Bishop Pompallier early in 1840.” [Fildes: 1921 p. 100.]

The inscription upon the beam, reproduced by Robley, reads: “Kia Wehi Koutou Ki Toku Aroaro”.

25. Roman Catholic Chapel, Otumoetai (1865) National Museum of New Zealand

25. Roman Catholic Chapel, Otumoetai (1865)
National Museum of New Zealand

page 213

26. Waimapu

  • w/c on white cart.

  • 204 × 276 mm.

  • NMNZ Collection FA 749

  • Purchased from the Artist by the N.Z. Govt, 1905

Inscriptions

Verso: (pencil, Mm. staff) upper page

“Reg. No. 749 Robley 21/“Waimapu” 1864/21/17 × 14/FA 749.”

Robley Album: (ink, R's hand)

“21/Waimapu/1864/Tauranga/G. Robley.”
21. Enoka te Whanaki's house at Matapihi NMNZ

21. Enoka te Whanaki's house at Matapihi NMNZ

page 214

27. Building a redoubt at the Wairoa, Tauranga

  • w/c on white cart.

  • 231 × 347 mm.

  • NMNZ Collection FA 843

  • Purchased from the Artist by the N.Z. Govt, 1905

Inscriptions

Verso: (pencil, R's hand) upper centre

“Building a redoubt at the Wairoa/Tauranga”

Robley Album: (ink, R's hand)

“11/Filling in the pits of the [L] shaped pa Wairoa/Tauranga/& with fern building a redoubt in layers/in the distance is much burnt land after fires lit/by Maoris on retreat from this abandoned pa/G. Robley/1864.”

Notes: This pa on the Wairoa River, was also known as Poteriwhi and was usually occupied by Penetaka, the Ngaiterangi engineer who designed the Gate Pa, this pa and many others. The Ngaiterangi retreated to Poteriwhi subsequent to leaving the Gate Pa in April-May 1864. On reaching it a few days later the British found it deserted, so the palisading was dismantled and set fire to. A redoubt was then constructed on the site. It was subsequently decided to abandon the Wairoa redoubt and the nearby Te Puna redoubt and concentrate all the British forces at Te Papa. [Fildes:1921. p. 64–65].

Robley's plan of the Poteriwhi Pa is included in the notes for Cat. No. 38.

27. Building a redoubt at the Wairoa, Tauranga National Museum of New Zealand

27. Building a redoubt at the Wairoa, Tauranga
National Museum of New Zealand

page 215

28. Pataka at Wairoa (1865)

  • w/c on white cart.

  • 105 × 185 mm.

  • NMNZ Collection FA 836

  • Purchased from the Artist by the N.Z. Govt, 1905

Inscriptions

Verso: (pencil, R's hand) upper right, inverse

[sketch, 4 figures]

Robley Album: (ink, R's hand)

“7/pataka at Wairoa Tauranga/1864/H.G. Robley.”

Notes: “On one occasion when paying a visit to the Wairoa, … I noticed a deserted Hau hau settlement on the opposite bank of the river … I crossed over and found there an old carved food-house … having on its gable a teko teko … and this was a tempting subject to draw. When examining the inside of the pataka I found that it was swarming with hungry fleas … [which] now claimed me for diet, and I was forced to beat a hasty retreat …” [Fildes: 1921. p. 98]

“It will be seen that 4 uprights are inside bits of canoes, wood or hollowed out — so rats cannot get up these [they have] reversed tops.” [Robley: n/d. ATL MS16/9.]

28. [preparatory sketch for] Pataka at Wairoa Alexander Turnbull Library Ms16/9

28. [preparatory sketch for] Pataka at Wairoa
Alexander Turnbull Library Ms16/9

page 216

29. Pataka (1864)

  • w/c on white cart.

  • 188 × 278 mm.

  • NMNZ Collection FA 838

  • Purchased from the Artist by the N.Z. Govt, 1905

Inscriptions

Verso: (ink, R's hand) centre

“Pataka”

Robley Album: (ink, R's hand)

“6/carved/Pataka/food store/1864/G. Robley.”
29. Pataka (1864) National Museum of New Zealand

29. Pataka (1864)
National Museum of New Zealand

page 217

30. A Night Haka (1865)

  • w/c & pencil on white cart.

  • 236 × 333 mm.

  • NMNZ Collection FA 841

  • Purchased from the Artist by the N.Z. Govt, 1905

Inscriptions

Verso: (ink, R's hand) top centre

“A New Zealand Play”

(pencil, R's hand) right margin [↓]

“Haka/or singing & acting.”

Robley Album: (ink, R's hand)

“22/ sketched on spot/a night haka or play/G. Robley/1865.”

Reproduction.

  • “Tales of the Maori.” [Cowan: 1982] cover.

31. Carved figure guarding a field (1864)

  • w/c & ink on white cart.

  • 140 × 190 mm.

  • NMNZ Collection FA 840

  • Purchased from the Artist by the N.Z. Govt, 1905

Inscriptions

Recto: (ink, R's hand) bottom

“carved figure guarding a field”

Verso: (w/c, R's hand) upper centre

“warning figure/against trespass/on tapued ground.”

Robley Album: (ink, R's hand)

“18/warning figure/against trespass on field/G. Robley 1864.”
page 218

Canoe Subjects

[unclear:
32. “Hine Tapu” — War Canoe, Bay of Plenty, 1864 Hawkes Bay Art Gallery & Museum

32. “Hine Tapu” — War Canoe, Bay of Plenty, 1864
Hawkes Bay Art Gallery & Museum

]
33. Tribal War Canoe “Illustrated London News” (6/8/1864)

33. Tribal War Canoe
“Illustrated London News” (6/8/1864)

page 219

32. “Hine Tapu” — War Canoe, Bay of Plenty, 1864

  • w/c on white cart.

  • 219 × 454 mm.

  • sign.: (w/c) lower left “H.G.Robley”

  • HBAGM Collection MMC 143

  • Donated by Lady McLean, Napier, 1930's

Inscriptions

Verso: (ink, R's hand) left side

“Drawing (War Canoe Bay of Plenty Xmas 1864./ “Hine-Tapu”)/only one speciment now exists (in the Auckland Museum/the “Toki-a-Tapiri” canoe -) Auckland edition/1863/from page 101 of “Pakeha Maori” line 5/with rude & blunt stones they felled the giant kauri/toughest of pines, & from it, in process of time, at an expense/of labour, perseverance and ingenuity, perfectly astounding to/those who know what it really was — produced, carved, painted/and inlaid a masterpiece of art, and an object of beauty./The war canoe, capable of carrying a hundred men on a/distant expedition, through the biosterous seas surrounding/their island. This picture copied for Percy Smith's — “Maori Wars 19th Century — Page 75/This picture copied for Gilbert Mair's FRGS NZL “Reminsciences” page 108 states “best War Canoe ever Published”,/in Bay of Plenty Times Special supplement 14 June 1924 re-copy from Mair's book”

(ink, R's hand) upper right & centre

“This picture shows Maori boats painted/red with ochre, and with carved prows &/stern pieces/the fuglemen “Kaihautu” by/song and action give time to the paddlers./They stand up on the hurdle-like deck,/and there flourish their weapons to/their canoe-songs, of which there are/several preserved. The steersman/using the powerful “Urunga” paddle.”

Notes: This canoe belonged to the Ngatihinetapu hapu of Otumoetai. The kaihautu (fuglemen) usually associated with the canoe were Raniera te Hia hia, Hamiora Tu and Hohepa Hikutaia te Mea. [Adams: n/d. VUW Fildes Collection. 10/1 (Box 2)]

Reproduction

  • “Reminisciences and Maori Stories” [Mair:1923] page 108.

  • Old New Zealand” [Maning: various editions].

  • “Maori Wars of the Nineteenth Century” [Smith: 1910] page 75.

page 220

33a. Tribal War Canoe, Te Papa Beach, 1865

  • w/c & pencil on white cart.

  • 208 × 341 mm.

  • NMNZ Collection FA 846

  • Purchased from the Artist by the N.Z. Govt, 1905

Inscriptions

Verso: (pencil & ink, R's hand) whole page

[sketch plan of Tauranga area, variously inscribed].

(ink, R's hand) upper right

“Tribal War Canoe/Te Papa beach/1865.”

Robley Album: (ink, R's hand)

“Canoe of large size — (floating high)/prow of Northern shape/with old fashion ornaments of feathers/1865/Peace time supplies coming to Te Papa/East Coast canoes renowned.”

33b. Northern Style of Prow (1865)

  • w/c on white cart.

  • 174 × 292 mm. (sight)

  • sign.: (w/c) lower right “H.G. Robley

  • HBAGM Collection MMC 160

  • Presented by Lady McLean, Napier, 1930's

Inscriptions

Recto: (w/c, R's hand) lower right

“Northern Style of prow”

Verso: (w/c, R's hand) centre

“child/carried/at back/ /woman//prow ornament/old woman.”

Labels

Recto: (newspaper copy) lower centre & lower right

[This is the caption which accompanied the reproduction of this image in the “Illustrated London News” 6/8/1864.]

Notes: “An early drawing was that of a Maori War canoe belonging to the Ngatihe hapu living at the village of Maungatapu on the eastern shore of the firth of the Waimapu. It was made of totara with a length of sixty or seventy feet, a breadth of about four, and possessed the fine Maori decorations of puhi and puhirere at stem and stern, while the hull was painted with red ochre and oil. This canoe was paddled by fifty men, and at the time of the sketch was bringing quantities of fish and fruit for sale to the soldiers in camp.” [Robley. Fildes: 1921. p. 99.]

page 221

34a. War Canoe Race at Tauranga, Xmas 1865

  • w/c & ink on white paper

  • 230 × 461 mm. (sight)

  • sign.: (w/c) lower right corner “H.G. Robley

  • Tauranga Archives (no class.)

  • Presented by F. W. Vosseler

Inscriptions

Verso: (ink, R's hand)

Original Picture/War Canoe Race at Tauranga/Xmas 1865 51 years from exact/day the 1st Sermon in Maori was given by Revd. Mr. Marsden.
Mr. Percy Smith FRGS in his book/“Maori Wars 19th Century” states/“excepting the Toki-A-Tapiri Canoe/now in the Auckland Museum/there is not another specimen of/the Waka Taua, or War Canoe/left in the country.
Pages 76–78 describe them, and/the management and ornamentation./This picture was drawn exactly/as seen by settlers, Maori and Imperial/troops.
Posted to Illd. London News, it was/copied 28.4.66/exhibited and medal “selected/works of fine and industrial art”/awarded 3 April 1875/The Dominion Museum has 56/drawings by H. G. Robley, but/not this subject — in original -”

(ink, R's hand)

[key to features in image — annotated.]

Labels

Verso: [caption from “Illustrated London News” 28/4/1866] inscribed (ink, R's hand)

“Canoe racing by H.G. Robley/25.12.1865/illd the “ILLUSTRATED LONDON NEWS”/& description here/this description to be with drawing/H. G. Robley/Maori collection -”
page 222

34b. Canoe Race, December 29th 1865

  • black w/c & chinese white on white cart.

  • 292 × 456 mm.

Inscriptions

Recto: (w/c, R's hand) foot of page

Canoe Race Decr. 29 1865/H.G. Robley to/H. Fildes.”

Verso: (pencil, Fildes' hand)

“Canoe race Te Papa, Tauranga/29 Dec. 1865/Another sketch of this, with slight modifications/& with 18 paddlers in nearest canoe is in/“Illustrated London News” 28/4/1866/H. Fildes.
“The artist is seen in boat, sketching/Robley/Fildes Coll.”

Notes: “At the games held in camp at Te Papa on the 29th December, 1865, a programme of seventeen events was set down and created a great deal of interest among the five or six hundred spectators … At four o'clock five swift war canoes competed for prizes. These vessels were indeed beautiful objects with their elegantly carved heads and stern pieces, the kaituki standing amid-ships or perhaps at the bow, and by song and action, and flourish of spear giving time to the paddlers, the steersman directing the course by means of his powerful urunga or steering paddle … Two of the canoes belonged to Otumoetai, two to Matapihi, and the remaining one to Maungatapu … In the race the canoe of Hori Tupaea of Otumoetai was a foot or so in the lead, and by a superhuman effort increased the advantage and won …” [Fildes: 1921. p. 102].

“The first canoe is that of the ‘Ngati hine tapu’ hapu of Otumoetai, the three fuglemen being Raniera te Hia hia, Hamiora Tu and Hohepa Hikutaia te Mea. The second canoe is of the ‘Ngatihe’ hapu of Maungatapu, Taipari and Nuka being the fuglemen. The third canoe is ‘Ngatimateika’ of the hapu of the same name. The chiefs Tamapahore and Wi Parera are the fuglemen.” [Adams: n/d. VUW Fildes Collection. 10/1 (Box 2)].

“The Maori dreaded witchcraft or loss of years if drawn; & so here see the bow of the war canoe, you see the fighting chief threatening the artist on shore which I … I retired by finished sketch …” [Robley: 1914. ATL MS 16/5].

Reproductions

Robley regarded the “Illustrated London News” reproduction of this scene, published on the 28th April, 1866, as a poor copy. [Robley:1922 VUW Fildes/10]

page 223

35. Prow & stern of War Canoes at Matapihi, Tauranga

  • w/c & pencil on white cart.

  • 246 × 308 mm.

  • NMNZ Collection FA 739

  • Purchased from the Artist by the N.Z. Govt, 1905

Inscriptions

Verso: (ink, R's hand) left centre

“Prow & stern of War Canoes/at Matapihi — Tauranga”

(pencil, R's hand) upper centre

“62”

36. Out to sea in a Canoe

  • w/c on white cart.

  • 288 × 229 mm.

  • sign.: (w/c) lower right “G. Robley

  • NMNZ Collection FA 751

  • Purchased from the Artist by the N.Z. Govt, 1905

Inscriptions

Verso: (pencil, Mm. staff) upper centre

“66/Reg No 751/Robley No 66/“Out to sea in a/Canoe”/17 1/2 × 15.”

Robley Album: (ink, R's hand)

“66/sailing canoe with outrigger.”

Notes: This small outrigger canoe, with three people aboard, does not appear to be of Maori manufacture.

37. The chief's daughter steering

  • w/c on white cart.

  • 308 × 246 mm.

  • NMNZ Collection FA 1706

  • Purchased from the Artist by the N.Z. Govt, 1905

Inscriptions

Verso: (ink, R's hand) upper centre

“The chief's daughter steering.”

(pencil, R's hand) centre top

“64”

(ink, R's hand) lower left

“32 -/39 -”
page 224

38. Old Canoe on Wairoa bank, Tauranga 1864

  • w/c & pencil on white cart.

  • 157 × 260 mm.

  • NMNZ Collection FA 853

  • Purchased from the Artist by the N.Z. Govt, 1905

Inscriptions

Verso: (pencil, R's hand) whole page

[sketch of ‘L’ shaped pa at Wairoa (Poteriwhi), with numbered notes.]

Robley Album: (ink, R's hand)

“3/Old canoe on Wairoa bank, Tauranga 1864/G. Robley/back of sketch has plan of the native fortification — close by.”

Notes: Robley's plan of Poteriwhi (a.k.a. the “L-shaped” pa) was subsequently reproduced in the British War Office Records. [A.T.L. MS 1387 T. E. Donne Papers. (Folder 24)].

British War Office records (see Cat. No. 38) Alexander Turnbull Library MS 1387/24

British War Office records (see Cat. No. 38)
Alexander Turnbull Library MS 1387/24

page 225

39. Maori fishing boat at anchor near Maunganui (1865)

  • w/c & pencil on white cart.

  • 193 × 277 mm.

  • sign.: (ink) lower right corner “G. Robley

  • ATL Picture Collection A 80/47

  • Accn. No.: 78–633

  • Provenance: Donne/Fuller; purchased from Webster estate, 1970

Inscriptions

Verso: (ink, R's hand) lower centre

“Wairoa hills/beach to land at Otamoiti (sic.)/Maori fishing boat/at anchor near Maunganui.”

(pencil, R's hand) lower right

“1865”
page 226

40. Plan of the Gate Pa

Examples of this subject, while including similar elements, differ in the extent of annotation and in composition.

40a. Plan of the Gate Pa

  • ink/wash on white paper

  • 246 × 308 mm.

  • ATL Picture Collection A 80/29

Inscriptions

Recto: (ink, R's hand)

[various annotations]

(ink, R's hand) top centre

Plan of the Gate Pa fought April 29 1864”

(ink, R's hand) lower right corner

G. Robley Lt. 68th LI/30.4.64”

Verso: (ink, R's hand) whole page

“flagstaff placed/in rear/outside/knocked/down/palisade/F & R/ /[sketch] these pits were covered with/raupo & earth, and into/them stumbled the/assault/ /rear palisade [sketch]/Inner keep/for shelter/& cooking/ /front palisade [sketch].”
401. Auckland Institute & Museum

401. Auckland Institute & Museum

page 227

40b. The Gate Pa

  • ink/wash on white cart.

  • 292 × 455 mm.

  • ATL Picture Collection A80/29a

  • Accn. No.: 78–566

  • Provenance: Webster Collection

Inscriptions

Recto: (ink, R's hand) whole page

[various annotations]

(ink, R's hand) upper centre

“The Gate Pa

Verso: (pencil, R's hand) upper left

[sketch of soldier]

40c. Plan of the Gate Pa, 1964

  • ink & pencil on white cart.

  • 214 × 435 mm.

  • sign.: (ink) lower right corner “G. Robley

  • ATL Picture Collection A 80/29b

  • Accn. No.: 78–568

Inscriptions

Recto: (ink, R's hand) whole page

[various annotations]

(ink, R's hand) lower right

“Plan of the Gate Pa, 1864.”

Verso: (pencil, R's hand) right margin [↓]

[illeg.]

40d. Gate Pa, Tauranga — April 29, 1864

  • w/c & ink on white cart.

  • 252 × 358 mm.

  • sign.: (ink) lower right corner “H.R./68.”

  • ATL Picture Collection B77/8

Inscriptions

Recto: (ink, R's hand) whole page

[various annotations]
page 228

40e. Plan, view and section of the Gate Pa

  • ink on white paper

  • 268 × 355 mm.

  • ATL Picture Collection A 33/8

Inscriptions

Recto: (ink, R's hand) whole page

[various annotations]

(ink, R's hand) bottom

“Plan, view, and section of the Gate Pa -/H. G. Robley Lt. 68th Lt. Inftry ≡ Early 30 April 1864.”

40f. Plan, early 30th April, Gate Pa

  • ink or tracing paper (affixed to brown paper)

  • 275 × 350 mm.

  • sign.: (ink) bottom left “H. G. Robley

  • ATL Picture Collection A 33/8a

  • Provenance: Colonel Porter; presented by Mrs. Porter, 1924

Inscriptions

Recto: (ink, R's hand) whole page

[various annotations]

(pencil, ? hand) bottom centre

1864 By Gen Robley — (Lieut.) Gate Pa

Labels

Verso: (printed/typed label) top left, inverse

“Presented to/Turnbull Library/by/Mrs. Porter/on 28.11.24.”

40g. Plan of the Gate Pa and Breach

  • ink/wash on white paper

  • 260 × 400 mm. (sight)

  • Tauranga Museum Collection (no class.)

  • Provenance: Adams Collection

Inscriptions

Recto: (ink, R's hand) whole page

[various annotations]
page 229

40h. Plan of the Gate Pa

  • ink/wash & pencil on white paper

  • 248 × 315 mm.

  • HBAGM Collection MMC 156

  • Presented by Lady McLean, Napier, 1930s

Inscriptions

Recto: (ink, R's hand) whole page

[various annotations]

(ink, R's hand) lower right

H.G. Robley/Lt. 68th L.I.”

40i. Plan of the Gate Pa and breach

  • ink/wash on white cart.

  • 263 × 430 mm.

  • AIM Collection PD 48(50)

Inscriptions

Recto: (ink, R's hand) whole page

[various annotations]

(ink, R's hand) lower right corner

H.G. Robley Lt./ and Instr. of Musketry/68th Lt. Inftry.”

Verso: (ink, R's hand) right margin [↓]

Navy Captn. Hamilton & ten men ESK/ /three Curacoa/ /two Miranda/ /three Harrier/ /one Eclipse/43 Monmouth Lt. Inftry/Colonel Booth six officers/sergeant major/one bugler — eleven privates/at the breach only/other casualties.”

Labels

Verso: (newspaper clipping) top left

[entitled: ‘The Day Itself.’]

40j. Plan of Gate Pa

  • black w/c on white paper

  • 205 × 331 mm.

  • sign.: (ink) lower right corner “H.G. Robley. Lt. 68th L.I.”

  • VUW Collection Fildes 1507/2

  • Provenance: Fildes Collection

Inscriptions

Recto: (ink, R's hand) whole page

[various annotations]
page 230

Notes: “This citadel was of earth work and sod construction of the usual oblong type, and on a portion of manuka tree and fern covered land, the highest point of which was about fifty feet, having a gradual rise of sand and pumice formation from the front and rear approaches, while to either side it sloped off to the swamps. There were, however, two of these strongholds, one about ninety paces long, the smaller, in line with it and connected by a long and narrow trench, about twenty-six paces, while the sections across measured about eighteen; the ditches, of which there were many, were from four-and-a-half to eight feet wide in the centre keep. The rifle-pits of the main redoubt were in three zig-zag tiers, roofed with manuka and thatched with fern, the roofs so raised that the garrison could fire out on its assailants, while in some cases they were cunningly covered with earth. Surrounding the whole was a post and rail fence made of small timber and stout korari (flax sticks). This was four paces out from the firing pits … Viewed from the lower levels at front and rear the palisading gave the impression the redoubt consisted of a single work … the intervals between the side faces and the swamps were defended by a line of riflepits which on the right position extended one hundred and fifty paces to the water, and from the side face of the smaller pa to the swamp lying over in that direction … The erection of the flagstaff in this position [fifty yards to the rear], the construction of the subsidiary redoubt and the earth covered roofs were all a ruse …” [Fildes: 1921. p. 39]

Penetaka Tuaia, chief of Pirirakau or Ngati Ranginui hapu was the engineer/designer of Pukehinahina, or the Gate Pa.” [Fildes: 1921 p. 38]

A lithograph of Robley's ‘Plan of Gate Pa is included in the Official British Army War Records of the New Zealand Wars. There is a copy of this lithograph in the Alexander Turnbull Library Picture Collection, Call No. A 33/23.

There is a pencil sketch of the ‘Plan of Gate Pa on the verso of “Young Maori in European clothes.” (Cat. No. 107).

Reproductions

  • “New Zealand Wars” [Cowan: 1955] page 427.

page 231

41. Morning Breaking, Day of Gate Pa attack (29 April, 1964)

  • black w/c & ink on white cart.

  • 136 × 244 mm.

  • NMNZ Collection FA 731

  • Purchased from the Artist by the N.Z. Govt, 1905

Inscriptions

Verso: (ink, R's hand) centre

“Morning breaking day of Gate Pah/attack New Zealand/self & men in the fern/(my captain casement)/I afterward had ½ the company to self.”

Robley Album: (ink, R's hand)

“49/morning of 29 April 1864 (self) 68th Infantry in parties in rear of the/Gate Pa blue serge was worn -/G. Robley/Day breaking outlined on the spot.”

Notes: “At daylight Major C.V. Shuttleworth was sent forward with three companies to occupy a position to the left rear of the fort, while pickets were posted round the remainder of the rear about seven hundred yards from it. A force of some strength under Major Kirby was detached to the right, a chain of sentries being placed so that close observation could be maintained on the enemy work. The troops now partook of their portable breakfast in the fern, a representation of which was sketched by me, the watercolour being now exhibited in the Dominion Museum at Wellington.” [Fildes: 1921. p. 45].

Pukehinahina Pa (Gate Pa) 1864 Danbury Album; Auckland Institute & Museum

Pukehinahina Pa (Gate Pa) 1864
Danbury Album; Auckland Institute & Museum

page 232

42. Gate Pa, morning of 29 April, 1864

  • w/c, ink & pencil on white cart.

  • 175 × 250 mm.

  • NMNZ Collection FA 847

  • Purchased from the Artist by the N.Z. Govt, 1905

Inscriptions

Verso: (ink, R's hand) whole page, inverse

“Directions for artist/high hills [illeg.] are about 6 miles with [illeg.] on top — little hills sloping./The natives are in traversed pits [sketch] with/the dug out earth thrown up behind — their fortifications being/only just begun on the 21st June/ -/Both parties reserve fire to about 10 yards, natives firing very/high from their pits 4 foot deep./ -/- A great many ran out as the pits were rushed, but they were well [illeg.] & tomahawk & butt end used after firing/Men are dressed in blue shirts and wear leggings/ -/Natives in blankets mostly and are not all tattooed. ragged hair [sketch] in the picture one warrior/bayonetted in head as he is [illeg.]/cartridge./ -/The Hills are partly hidden by the/mound of earth thrown up/& ravine is behind their lines & the hills slope into it.”

(ink, R's hand) right margin [↑]

Murray who got the V.C.”

(ink, R's hand) lower right, inverse

“Ill'd London News.”

(pencil, R's hand) upper page

[Sketch of Woman with Pipe & 2 w/c marks (colour-mixing)]

(ink, ‘Illustrated London News’ Agent) lower right, inverse

“3809”
page 233

43. Gate Pa, early morning, 30th April 1864

43a. Breach at the Gate Pa, morning of April 30, 1864

  • ink/wash & pencil on white cart.

  • 178 × 255 mm.

  • NMNZ Collection FA 850

  • Purchased from the Artist by the N.Z. Govt, 1905

Incriptions [sic]

Verso: (pencil, R's hand) upper centre

Breach at the Gate Pah/on the morning of April 30 1864/New Zealand War.”

(ink, R's hand) centre

“Sketch just as sentries were put on the/Gate Pah April 30 1864/dead & wounded not yet taken away/Interior of Earthworks/about the centre of Pah”

43b. Breach of the Gate Pa — looking East. Early 30th April, 1864

  • ink/wash on white cart.

  • image: 155 × 249 mm.

  • support: 175 × 248 mm.

  • ATL Picture Collection A33/7

Inscriptions

Recto: (ink, R's hand) bottom

“Front Breach of the Gate Pa — looking East. Early 30th April 1864 Rear.”

Verso: (ink, R's hand) whole page

“Manugatapu cliffs [sketch]/looking East/The flagstaff/o/Rewiti/wounded/and another/ /a/covered/way.”
page 234

43c. Earthworks & fence of the Gate Pa — 30 April, 1864

  • ink/wash on white cart.

  • image: 200 × 265 mm.

  • support: 228 × 284 mm.

  • sign.: (ink) lower right “G. Robley

  • ATL Picture Collection A 33/9

  • Presented by Gilbert Mair, 1925

Inscriptions

Recto: (ink, R's hand) bottom

“Earthworks & fence of the Gate Pa looking E from the breach/early morn 30 April 1864.”

Verso: (ink, R's hand) whole page

“palisade/rear of pah/ / taking out wounded/ /68 sentry/ /sentry/ /young Maori/wound in arm/ & hand/ /(there were two faithful dogs/with them) — I gave brandy to the Maoris/before sketches/ /spear/ /Rewiti/wounded/in thigh/shot by Dr. Manley V.C./ /bits of/fence sticks/blown bout/ /Maungatapu [sketch]/68 at low tide/April 28th midnight/got round to/rear of pah/ /Front fence palisade/ /passage/underground/H.G. Robley.”

Labels

Verso: (printed, typed label) lower left

“Presented to/Alexander Turnbull/Library/by/Gilbert Mair/on 28.10.25.
43. “The Story of Gate Pa” [Mair:1926 opp. p. 24]

43. “The Story of Gate Pa” [Mair:1926 opp. p. 24]

page 235

43d. Breach of the Gate Pa, very early 30 April 64

  • w/c & ink/wash on white cart.

  • image: 148 × 237 mm.

  • support: 178 × 271 mm.

  • sign.: (ink) lower right “G. Robley

  • HBAGM Collection MMC 153

  • Presented by Lady McLean, Napier, 1930's

Inscriptions

Recto: (w/c, R's hand) bottom

New Zealand War 1864, Breach of the Gate Pa very early 30 April 64/G.R.”

Mt. Verso: (ink, ? hand) centre

[NB: These notes have been transcribed from Robley's own on the verso of the painting, since affixed to the mount.]
“Sketch taken on spot/early/wounded Maoris in pah/& dead./Sketch taken wheel centres/furth out stretcher parties/G. Robley.”

43e. [Earthworks & fence of the Gate Pa — 30 April, 1864]

  • w/c & ink on white cart.

  • 262 × 395 mm.

  • AIM Collection PD 48(47)

NB: there are no inscriptions.

Notes: There is a pencil sketch of this subject on the verso of “Old Chief Wairoa, Tauranga”. (Cat. No. 134)

“I … made a sketch of what was left of a part of the interior of the pa, and though the time in which to complete it was short it was faithfully drawn, and when finished was hastily despatched to the coastal steamer Alexandra, then about to leave Tauranga for Auckland …. with a request from me to Captain Williams, her commander, that he forward the sketch to the Illustrated London News.” [Robley. Fildes: 1921. p. 61].

“I think that it was quite press man work — now I think of it … How I drew was this — my party of 26 men had a junior to me with me — I gave him the men to take in while I stayed & drew portraits here & there while quickly pacing the pits.” [Robley-Fildes: 1926. VUW Fildes Collection. Box 10/1]

“[The work] gives some idea of the firing pits, the fence distance, deeper keeps for shelter in centre, in distance the sea.” [Robley-Fildes: n/d. VUW Fildes Collection. Box 10].

page 236

Reproductions

  • “Illustrated London News.” 23rd July, 1864.

  • “Bay of Plenty Times/Gate Pa Supplement.” 12th June, 1924.

  • The Story of Gate Pa” [Mair: 1926] opp. page 24.

  • “New Zealand Wars.” [Cowan:1955] page 430.

NB: The ‘Illustrated London News’ reproduction of this subject is similar to “Stronghold of the Maoris at Rangiriri”, (based on a sketch by Major Charles Heaphy) published in the same periodical on the 27th February 1864.

page 237

44. Maori wounded in the Gate Pa, 30th April, 1864

This work shows Rewiti Manotini and another wounded Maori in the Pukekinahina Pa on the morning after the battle. (see note) Versions of this subject vary slightly in detail.

44a. Scene in the pa (1864)

  • pencil on blue paper

  • 212 × 343 mm.

  • sign.: (ink) lower right corner “H. Robley Lt./68th D. Light”

  • ATL Picture Collection A33/22

Inscriptions

Recto: (ink, R's hand) lower right corner

“scene in the pa/[sign.]”

(ink, Illustrated London News Agent)

“3631”

Verso: (ink, R's hand) right side [↓]

“Sketch in the pah/wounded Maories & their dogs/several wounded Maories that had not been carried off by/their friends lay in the burrows of the pah and the two I have/- sketched had their dogs remaining beside/them although of course very frightened these allowed/themselves very reluctantly to be carried led away by the pakehas (Europeans)/A white dog/in the picture/ran away from his captor and for/some days kept sight of the works waiting for his master/& caused some alarm amongst the outlying sentries in the fern at/night
The dead man/close to a cooking place/in front was killed by a shell/passing through his right side & carrying away a great part/of the left leg — The wounded are being carried away in/stretchers out of the pah H.G.R./the different hiding places you can see in the passages where they/remained safe from shot & in the assault raked our stormers.”

(red ink, R's hand) upper left

Gate Pa/2 wounded/1 dead/I think the/C of England minister/the Maori priest/was worse off/head & one arm/blown away.”

(pencil, R's hand) left margin, centre

“original”

(ink, Illustrated London News Agent) upper right corner

3631
page 238

44b. Rewiti and another Maori wounded (1864)

  • w/c on white cart.

  • 154 × 178 mm.

  • NMNZ Collection FA 842

  • Purchased from the Artist, by the N.Z. Govt, 1905

Inscriptions

Robley Album: (ink, R's hand)

“53/Sketched on spot Rewiti and another Maori wounded/& left in the pits/portraits/their faithful dogs with them — one growling as I took/pencil sketch [illeg.] I gave some brandy first 30 April 64/G. Robley dead warrior/gave both these/come brandy/from flask.”

NB: I did not sight this work. T.W.

44c. Inside the Gate Pa, Early 30 April (1864)

  • w/c on white paper

  • 196 × 244 mm.

  • sign.: (w/c) lower right “H.G. Robley/1865.”

  • VUW Collection Fildes NZ Portfolio/1

  • Provenance: Fildes Collection

Inscriptions

Recto: (w/c, R's hand) lower centre

“Inside the/Gate Pa/Early/30 April”

Verso: (ink & pencil, R's hand) whole page

“sticks of the palisade still standing/wounded Maori/Rewiti in centre/He was 2nd in command at Gate Pa/heard he was shot by Dr. Manley V.C. leg/outside the work just as the stormers/were retiring 29 April sketch drawn very early 30th -/brandy was given from my flask/but young warrior looked curiously/at being hurriedly portrayed/& seemed to watch.”
page 239

44d. Inside Gate Pa, Early 30th April 1864

  • w/c on white cart.

  • 182 × 221 mm.

  • sign.: (w/c) lower right “H.G. Robley

  • Tauranga Museum Collection (no class.)

  • Provenance: Adams Collection

Inscriptions

Verso: (ink, R's hand) whole page

“Very early 30 April 1864/bringing in my party of 27 after three nights rush [illeg.] got some sketches — I began to draw again the inside of the Pa, and dead & wounded Maori./- amongst these are Rewiti (in centre) who was second in command at Gate Pa and another wounded — I gave some brandy I had carried with me 29th while just taking this sketch they looked at so curiously/Note the top of palisade is just seen/note — “Rewiti” shot in leg by Dr Manley V.C/young man [shot in] arm & leg/both wrapped in blankets/by comrades/H.G.R./Portraits/only partly tattooed/(this was copied into book “Moko”)”

NB: There are further notes, in Robley's hand, on a sheet attached to this work. They repeat the information given above.

Notes: Rewiti's full name was Petarika Te Rewiti Manotini. [Ngatai: 1926 p. 26]

“[Rewiti Manotini] had dashed out of the pa in pursuit of a retreating soldier slightly wounded … Dr. Manley snatched a gun and shot Rewiti in the legs. The Doctor afterwards amputated one of them but the dusky fighter, who was a kind of private secretary to the chief Wiremu Tamihana … succumbed on the 8th May following … Alongside several of the wounded were their faithful dogs … For nights afterwards others could he heard howling pitably in adjacent fern lands. One of them became friendly and patronized me … in time … he became civilised and filled the void made by the loss of my Burmese cat.” [Robley. Fildes: 1921. p. 60]

Reproductions.

page 240
44. Maori wounded in the Gate Pa, 30th April, 1864 “Moko; or Maori Tattooing” figure 130

44. Maori wounded in the Gate Pa, 30th April, 1864
Moko; or Maori Tattooing” figure 130

45. Rear of the korari fence, Gate Pa. 1864

  • w/c, ink & pencil on white cart.

  • 168 × 245 mm.

  • NMNZ Collection FA 834

  • Purchased from the Artist, by the N.Z. Govt, 1905

Inscriptions

Verso: (ink, R's hand) centre

“rear of the koriri (sic.) fence/Gate Pa/next morning early after assaults.”

Robley Album: (ink, R's hand)

“51/sketch showing the slight fence & earthworks about the centre of the Gate Pa — 30 April 64/sketch taken with 68th sentries just on — removal of dead & wounded/& & &/G. Robley/Front/fallen/flagstaff/in rear.”

Notes: Korari are the stems of the flax plant. A small fence of light timber and korari surrounded the pa, four paces out from the firing pits, disguising the true nature of the fortifications.

page 241

46. A Shell wound, Gate Pa

  • w/c on white cart.

  • 120 × 122 mm.

  • NMNZ Collection FA 2144

  • Purchased from the Artist by the N.Z. Govt, 1905

Inscriptions

Verso: (pencil, ? hand) centre

A Shell Wound/Gate Pah.”

Robley Album: (ink, R's hand)

“The remains of the Christian preacher/in the Gate Pah. 30 April 1864/G. Robley. The Maori priest tohunga was wounded in the pa/there being 2 denominations.”

Notes: “… the man's name is given by Heni [Pore] — it was one of the early shots she says & I heard … it is Hori in bits I saw …” [Robley-Fildes: 1923. VUW Fildes Collection. 10.]

“… when the soldiers marched up, we were at prayers, I was on one side of our chaplain, a man on the other, my brother & our uncle a (‘tohunga’) directly below me in the trench; while the chaplain was in the act of repeating the benediction “Te ia tau iho ki runga hia tatou katoa” the poor fellow got no further, as the first shell came, at same time my old uncle (Timoti) could see it was coming, dragged me down into the trench, saved my life and killed the two men I left behind! This shell went through our hangi.” [Heni Pore: 1903. NMNZ. W.F. Gordon Papers]

“… the chaplain who was killed by the first shell, was one of our men [koheriki hapu] in our pa [the smaller pa at western end of Pukehinahina (Gate Pa) & his name was Hori, a Koheriki man, and not Ihaaka as is stated by Hori Ngatai, and there were two killed by the same shell, the other was Eraihia, he was also a layreader before the fight took place…” [Heni Pore: 1903. NMNZ. W.F. Gordon Papers].

“[A] melancholy sketch made by me at this time was that of the dead Ihaaka (Isaac), the Christian tohunga. It was rather difficult to do as the poor fellow had been blown into fragments by a shell, and all that remained were his head and shoulder with an arm attached. These were held in a basket and I was able to complete my drawing.” [Fildes: 1921. p. 60]

Ihaaka had fuzzy hair just very little tattooing — rerepehi I think — but I drew him in … a basket that held his head and smashed off arm. All this was Col. Grubb's doing — who also nearly hit me.” [Robley: Fildes: n/d. VUW Fildes Collection.

page 242

47. Warrior fallen in the fern, Gate Pa — 30 April, 1864

NB: This subject is often referred to “Rape”, as it shows that element of whakairo (ie: tattooing on the buttocks). Robley does not appear to be the source of the information, introduced by Horace Fildes, that the toa represented is Rawiri Tuaia. (see notes)

47a. Well tattooed Maori, shot 29th April 1864

  • w/c & ink on white cart.

  • 122 × 119 mm.

  • sign.: (ink) lower right corner, “H, R,”

  • NMNZ Collection FA 740

  • Purchased from the Artist, by the N.Z. Govt, 1905

Inscriptions

Recto: (ink, R's hand) lower left corner

“pro aris et facis”

Mt. Recto: (ink, R's hand) bottom

“well tattooed Maori shot 29th April 1864/some thigh tatu (sic.).”

Robley Album: (ink, R's hand)

“A warrior of 1864”

(pencil, ? hand)

Rawiri Tuaia/lying dead.”

47b. Sketch of a fallen warrior

  • w/c on white paper

  • 147 × 199 mm.

  • sign.: (w/c) lower left “H.G. Robley

  • HBAGM Collection MMC 806

  • Presented by Lady McLean, Napier, 1930s

Inscriptions

Recto: (ink, R's hand) top

“figure in position as drawn”

(w/c, R's hand) lower left

“in/the/fern.”

(w/c, R's hand) bottom

“sketch of a fallen warrior — who has “Rapi” (sic.) tattoo/on thigh.”
page break

[Note added by NZETC as annotator:]

Description:47. Warrior fallen in the fernMoko; or Maori Tattooing” figure 19.

This image is not available for public viewing as it depicts either mokamokai (preserved heads) or human remains. The reasons for non-display are detailed in the policy regarding display of images of mokamokai. If you would like to comment on this decision you can contact NZETC.

page 243

47c. Fallen in the fern, 30/4/64

  • w/c on white paper

  • image: 172 × 153 mm.

  • support: 325 × 205 mm.

Canterbury Museum Collection E-121-9

Presented by Sir Robert Heaton-Rhodes M.P., Christchurch, 1921

Inscriptions

Recto: (w/c, R's hand) lower left

“fallen/in the fern/30/4/64”

(w/c, R's hand) lower right

Te/Rape”/on thigh.”

(ink, R's hand) bottom

“Tattooing and/Portrait of a Ngaiterangi 1864/April 30th showing “rape” on thigh and Moko on/face.”

Verso: (ink, R's hand) lower page

” “Wakairo” (sic.)/called Te Rape on buttock/35.”

47d. A warrior killed outside the Gate Pa, 1864

  • w/c on white paper

  • image: 140 × 155 mm.

  • support: 326 × 204 mm.

  • sign.: (ink) lower right “H.G. Robley

  • VUW Collection Fildes N.Z. Portfolio/2

Inscriptions

Recto: (ink, Fildes' hand) lower page

“No/Rawiri Tuaia, killed at Gate Pa, 29 April 1864/sketched by Lieut. G.H. Robley, next morning to show/tattooing on buttocks.”

Verso: (ink, R's hand) lower page

“No 35/a warrior killed outside the/Gate Pa (face tattooed) 1864/The pattern on thigh is/named “Rape” drawn 29th April/H. G. Robley.”
page 244

47e. Maori killed 29 April 1864

  • w/c & ink on white paper

  • image: 141 × 152 mm.

  • support: 334 × 202 mm.

  • sign.: (w/c) lower right corner “H.G. Robley

  • AIM Collection PD 48 (45)

Inscriptions

Recto: (ink, R's hand) lower left

“No 35.”

Verso: (ink, R's hand) lower page

“No 35 -/Maori Killed 29 April 1864 -/outside the Gate Pa -/has fallen showing tattooing “wakairo” — (sic.)/on the left buttock/pattern called “Rape” -/a double spiral.”

Notes: The subject of this sketch cannot be Rawiri Tuaia (also known as Rawiri Puhirake [Fildes: 1921 p. 70]). Rawiri survived the battle of Gate Pa and led the Ngaiterangi against the Imperial Troops at Te Rangaranga on the 22nd June, 1864. He was killed during that encounter. “When his body was found he was wearing a splendid greenstone ear pendant, which was taken by a 68th man, who sold it to Major. Colvile, and strange to say, after his death in April, 1917, … it was presented to me (Robley) by his sister.” [Fildes: 1921. p. 74.]

“A few years later the remains of this warrior chief were disintered and buried with military honours in the old military cemetery at Te Papa … In 1914 a monument of red granite, … was erected.” [Fildes: 1921. p. 78.]

Reproductions

page 245

48. Redoubt built on the site of the Gate Pa (1864)

  • w/c on white cart.

  • 156 × 280 mm.

  • NMNZ Collection FA 827

  • Purchased from the Artist by the N.Z. Govt, 1905

Inscriptions

Verso: (ink, R's hand) centre

“my redoubt at on the site of the/Gate Pa.”

Notes: “[May, 1864] What remained of the native works at Gate Pa were now demolished, the trenches being filled in, and on the site a strong sand-bag redoubt was constructed and when finished by the 8th May a detachment of the 43rd numbering one hundred and fifty occupied it, the defence being further strengthened with the mounting of an Armstong field-piece.” [Fildes: 1921 p. 64].

“The Redoubt looking E towards B[ay], Maungatapu, … this drawing shows the filled in … marks of the ditch to the swamp, for water which I watched all the 28th [April] with 1st class shots as I was Instructor of Musketry.” [Robley-Mair. 1916. ATL qMS/1898–1922.]

49. Oyster sellers at the Gate Pa (1865)

  • w/c, pencil & ink on white cart.

  • 224 × 228 mm.

  • NMNZ Collection FA 1701

  • Purchased from the Artist by the N.Z. Govt, 1905

Inscriptions

Verso: (pencil, R's hand) lower centre, inverse

“Oyster sellers/at the Gate Pa

Robley Album; (ink, R's hand)

“45/Oyster sellers Gate Pa/Portraits bringing oysters to a redoubt/G. Robley/1865”

Notes: “The few natives who had not participated in the uprising and were not hostile to the British troops often visited our camp bringing fish, potatoes and wild peaches for the purposes of trade, and found a satisfactory market.” [Fildes: 1921 p. 31]

Reproduction

  • “The Maori in European Art” [Bell: 1980] plate 60.

page 246

50. Mourning over the spear of a man killed at Te Ranga battle

  • w/c & pencil on white cart.

  • 233 × 289 mm.

  • NMNZ Collection FA 737

  • Purchased from the Artist by the N.Z. Govt, 1905

Inscriptions

Verso: (ink, R's hand) centre

“Women/relatives/mourning over the spear of a man killed/at Te Ranga battle”

Robley Album: (ink, R's hand)

“13/women mourning over the spear of a man/who fell at Te Ranga/sketched while they were/crying & caressing -/weapon had been/returned to family -/ 1864/ G. Robley.”

51. Women cutting themselves (1864)

  • w/c & pencil on white cart.

  • image: 226 × 198 mm.

  • support: 242 × 202 mm.

  • sign.: (w/c) lower right “H.G. Robley

  • ATL Picture Collection A 80/15

  • Purchased Bethunes, May 1969 (13.13.0)

Inscriptions

Recto: (ink, R's hand) upper right margin [↑]

Maori Collection

(ink, R's hand) bottom centre

See Over.”

Verso: (ink, R's hand) whole page

“women cutting themselves/for tears of blood/on arms./ × Mourning over the spear/of a Ngaiterangi warrior/killed 21 June '64/sketched by H.G. Robley/it had been brought to family/by a comrade.

cuts
volcanic/glass.”
page 247

52a. Surrender of the Maori, 25 July 1864

  • w/c on white paper

  • image: 190 × 336 mm.

  • support: 236 × 336 mm.

  • sign.: (w/c) lower left of image “H.G. Robley

  • HBAGM Collection MMC 804

  • Presented by Lady McLean, Napier, 1930's

Inscriptions

Recto: (w/c, R's hand) bottom

“Surrender of Maori 25 July 1864/see over set of Maori drawings. Signed H.G. Robley”

Verso: (ink, R's hand) whole page

“Surrender of Maori/25 July 1864/drawn on spot by H.G. Robley/7th Durham Light Infantry/This picture was copied into/Illust'd London News/giving up/muskets/cartridge/boxes/weapons. a mere.”

(ink, R's hand) right side

“4 officers'/swords/9/spears/muskets/cartridge/boxes”

52b. Surrender of the Ngaiterangi at Te Papa (1864)

  • w/c & pencil on white cart.

  • 200 × 313 mm.

  • sign.: (w/c) lower left “by H.G. Robley.”

Inscriptions

Recto: (w/c, R's hand) lower right

Surrender of the Ngaiterangi/at TE PAPA/Coming in with arms.”

Verso: (ink, R's hand) whole page

“Surrender of the Maori/at Te Papa Mission Station/Tauranga 25th June 64/copies into Illust'd London News/number of 29th October/H.G. Robley.
Villa/School/to Monmouth redoubt/To the/Beach and/stores.
On other sid[e]/is Durham Redoub[t]/behind this Villa/[sketch of villa].”

Labels

Verso: (printed & typed sticker) lower left

“Presented to/Alexander Turnbull/Library/by/Gilbert Mair/on 21.10.25.”
page break
52c. Surrender of the Tauranga Natives of Te Papa (1964) National Museum of New Zealand

52c. Surrender of the Tauranga Natives of Te Papa (1964)
National Museum of New Zealand

page 248

52c. Surrender of the Tauranga Natives at Te Papa (1864)

  • w/c, ink & pencil on white cart.

  • image: 200 × 208 mm.

  • support: 222 × 288 mm.

  • NMNZ Collection FA 828

  • Purchased from the Artist by the N.Z. Govt, 1905

Inscriptions

Recto: (pencil, R's hand) bottom

Surrender of the Tauranga Natives at Te Papa, N.Z./Compress this sketch but do not reduce the size of figures.”

Verso: (pencil, R's hand) upper page

“Directions to Artist -/High Hill is 3 miles in distance/Natives in blankets, mats, shawls & old clothes & caps some smoking/4 swords on right of the other arms/wooden houses.”

(ink, Illustrated London News Agent) upper left corner

3917

Robley Album: (ink, R's hand)

“58/The Tauranga natives gave up their arms/were praised for their conduct during the war/ 1/4 of lands only taken/The 4 swords upright at edge of lawn at table/were of officers killed/sketched 1864 25th July/G. Robley/copy & account in Illd London News.”

Notes: (Following the battle of Te Ranga the Ngaiterangi tribes, severely depleted, surrendered. One hundred and thirty three Maori, including several chiefs, lay down their arms at Te Papa on the 21st July, 1864. Four days later another one hundred and twelve people surrendered at the British camp at Te Papa)

“I was able to be present at the second momentous gathering and made it the subject of a drawing … The sketch represents Headquarters outside of which seated at a table is Colonel Greer … The proceedings have just begun … Those in the foreground of the picture are watching the artist at work and perhaps hold to the belief the sketch is an official one … The third figure from the left … is Penetaka Tuaia … while the one standing up in the centre of the group … is Hori Ngatai … “Before the declaration of surrender was signed by any of the natives it was read over to them twice. It contained two clauses, the first of which was their lands were to be at the disposal of the Governor, and the other, they were to agree to become loyal subjects of the Queen, and both clauses were agreed to by general acclamation”

[Fildes: 1921 p. 81]

Reproductions.

  • Illustrated London New” 29 Oct, 1864.

  • “New Zealand Wars”, [Cowan, 1955] page 438.

  • “The Maori in European Art” [Bell: 1980] plate 56.

page 249

53. Surrender of the Ngaiterangi after Te Ranga (1864)

  • w/c on white cart.

  • 188 × 283 mm.

  • sign.: (w/c) lower right corner “H.R.”

  • NMNZ Collection FA 738

  • Purchased from the Artist by the N.Z. Govt. 1905

Inscriptions

  • Verso: (ink, R's hand) centre, inverse

“Surrender of the Ngaiterangi/after Te Ranga/giving up their arms Te Papa Camp/Hori Ngatai an orator.”
53. Surrender of the Ngaiterangi after Te Ranga (1864) National Museum of New Zealand.

53. Surrender of the Ngaiterangi after Te Ranga (1864)
National Museum of New Zealand.

page 250

54. Maori Arms taken at Te Ranga, 21 June 1864

  • black w/c & ink on white paper

  • image: 123 × 174 mm.

  • support: 128 × 179 mm.

  • sign.: (w/c) lower right “H.G. Robley

  • NMNZ Collection (no class.)

Inscriptions

Recto: (ink, R's hand) upper left margin

Maori/Arms/taken/at Te Ranga/21 June/1864”

(ink, R's hand) numbered key to arms

“1/2/3/4/4a/5/6/7/8/9/10/10a/11”

Notes: “There was Spolia Opima that day for the soldiers, for native arms were lying about in numbers as the attack had not been expected. Valued clubs, spears, and heirlooms were with firearms that ranged from old Tower muskets to the prized tupara, or double-barrelled fowling-piece. Several Enfield rifles which had been captured from our people in a fight further to the south were also recovered. Such weapons and ornaments as were new to me I made sketches of which I forwarded to the Illustration London News and appear in its issue for the 29th October, 1864. (sic.)” [Fildes: 1921. p. 76]

Reproduction

“Illustrated London News” 24 September, 1864

54. “Illustrated London News” 24/9/1864

54. “Illustrated London News” 24/9/1864

page 251

55. Maketu Pa. Bay of Plenty (1865)

  • w/c & pencil on white cart.

  • 207 × 286 mm.

  • NMNZ Collection FA 826

  • Purchased from the Artist by the N.Z. Govt, 1905

Inscriptions

Verso: (ink, R's hand) upper centre

“Maketu Pah — Bay of Plenty/in distance/Maunganui/bare Motiti Is.”

(w/c, R's hand) left centre

“1865”

Robley Album: (ink, R's hand)

“57/Maunganui/Arawa's Pa/bare Motiti/Maketu/view from Pukemaire redoubt/G. Robley/1864/Major Colville's whare in foreground.”

Notes: “… at Maketu, where the large Arawa village built on the rising ground to the east side of the Kaituna River, was an imposing sight, and interesting from the fact that the place had been for several centuries the scene of innumerable tribal fights … On another rise near by had been the remnants of an old Maori pa, and subsequent to the occupation of Maketu by British troops, there was here erected the redoubt, Fort Colville, and was so named after its first commanding office, Major. Colville, 43rd Light Infantry. (Captain Mair states the famous Pukemaire Pa was garrisoned by a detachment of the 43rd under Major Colville, mounting two 6 pounder Armstrongs in the east & west angles. When the Imperial troops returned to England the post was occupied by a company of the 1st Waikato Regiment.”

[Fildes: 1921. p. 98].

55. Maketu Pa, Bay of Plenty (1864) National Museum of New Zealand

55. Maketu Pa, Bay of Plenty (1864)
National Museum of New Zealand

page 252

56. Beach at Maketu Pa (1865)

  • w/c & pencil on white cart.

  • 195 × 348 mm.

  • NMNZ Collection FA 824

  • Purchased from the Artist by the N.Z. Govt, 1905

Inscriptions

Verso: (ink, R's hand) centre

“Beach at Maketu Pah/redoubt in distance.”

57–61 Carved Gateways, Maketu Pa

Although Robley refers to only four gateways at the Arawa Pa, Maketu, he drew five different carved gates, all of which he describes as belonging to that pa.

57a. A Gate of the Arawa Pa at Maketu

  • w/c on white paper

  • 260 × 189 mm.

  • sign.: (w/c) lower left “H.G. Robley

  • HBAGM Collection MMC 810

  • Presented by Lady McLean, Napier, 1930's

Inscriptions

Verso: (ink, R's hand) whole page

“A Gate of the Arawa Pah at Maketu/Bay of Plenty/1864/wince(sic.) was destroyed./The tattooing of some old chief is painted/on a large head/which has “puhi” of/bunches of pigeons feathers/to represent the hair -/Signed H.G. Robley/Maori Collection/by”
page break
57c Gate of the Kawa tapu a Rangi Pa (1865) National Museum of New Zealand

57c Gate of the Kawa tapu a Rangi Pa (1865)
National Museum of New Zealand

page 253

57b. Old Carved Gate at Maketu, 1865

  • w/c on white cart.

  • image: 250 × 154 mm.

  • support: 260 × 170 mm.

  • sign.: (ink) lower right “H.G. Robley

  • Canterbury Museum Collection E-121-9

  • Presented by Sir Robert Heaton-Rhodes M.P., 1921

Inscriptions

Mt. Recto: (ink, R's hand) top

“Hull of a War Canoe (part) made into a gate to Pah.”

(ink, R's hand) bottom

“Old Carved Gate at Maketu in 1865/having a tattooed face — painted by/an Arawa artist with the pattern in that/tribe — The Pah had strong palisade.”

57c. Gate of the Kawa tapu a Rangi Pa (1865)

  • w/c & pencil on white cart.

  • 146 × 226 mm.

  • NMNZ Collection FA 725

Inscriptions

Verso: (pencil, ? hand) left side [↑]

“Reg No 725/“Gate of the Kawa-Tapu-a-rangi Pa”/carved with the designs of “tatu” pattern — the art of/wood carving was carried to great perfection/The effigies of deified ancestors were thus decorated/with their peculiar moko & great skill was/lavished on them.”

Notes: “The principal [gate], Te Waharoa, with its fantastic and grotesque carvings of ancestral figures, ochred and feather decorated, gave me a striking background for more than one picture of Maori life.” [Robley. Fildes: 1921. page 98.]

“I remember my picture of the Main Gate, Maketu, was in a Melbourne Illd paper in '65 or early '66.[I] saw in NZ.” [Robley-Fildes: n/d./ VUW Fildes Collection/10.]

Robley frequently used this gate as the background for the toa in “Tutu Ngarahu”. (Cat. No. 100)

Reproductions

Moko; or Maori Tattooing.” [Robley:1896] figure 99.

page 254

58. One of the Gates of the Maketu Pa, 1865

  • w/c & pencil on white cart.

  • 274 × 191 mm.

  • NMNZ Collection FA 727

  • Purchased from the Artist by the N.Z. Govt, 1905

Inscriptions

Robley Album: (ink, R's hand)

“9/one of the gates of the Maketu Pa 1864/G. Robley.”
58. One of the Gates of the Maketu Pa, 1865 National Museum of New Zealand

58. One of the Gates of the Maketu Pa, 1865
National Museum of New Zealand

page break
59. No. 3 Gate, Maketu Pa, 1865 National Museum of New Zealand

59. No. 3 Gate, Maketu Pa, 1865
National Museum of New Zealand

page 255

59. No. 3 Gate, Maketu Pa, 1865

  • w/c & pencil on white cart.

  • image: 260 × 166 mm.

  • support: 268 × 174 mm.

  • sign.: (w/c) lower right “H.G. Robley

  • NMNZ Collection FA 1892

  • Provenance: Fildes Collection (see inscriptions)

Inscriptions

Verso: (w/c, R's hand) upper page

“No. 3/Gate/Maketu/Pah/1865.”

(pencil, Fildes' hand) lower centre

“Presented to me by Maj. Gen. Robley/in London 11 July 1919/Horace Fildes.”

Supplementary sheet: (ink, R's hand)

“No. 3 Gate at the Pah Maketu in 1865/made from the hull of a canoe carved and/painted a Ancestor.”
page 256

60. One of the famous old gates, Maketu (1864)

  • w/c on white paper

  • 268 × 182 mm.

  • sign.: (w/c) lower right “H.G. Robley

  • HBAGM Collection MMC 808

  • Presented by Lady McLean, Napier, 1930's

Inscriptions

Verso: (ink, R's hand) top

“for the Maori collection/signed H.G. Robley

(ink, R's hand) centre

“One of the famous/old gates of the/Arawa's Pah at Maketu -/ 1864/destroyed.”

Notes: This watercolour, (and the Illustrated London New reproduction thereof) is similar to a photograph of the same Gateway taken by the Reverend John Kinder in 1865. [“Waharoa, or Gateway, Maketu, 1865.” Hocken Library, Duendin. (4369)] It is possible that Robley painted his watercolour from this photograph.

Reproduction

“Illustrated London News” 12 January, 1867.

61. Corner Gate, Maketu Pa (1865)

  • w/c on white cartridge

  • 222 × 283 mm.

  • NMMZ Collection FA 1141

  • Purchased from the Artist by the N.Z. Govt, 1905

Inscriptions

Robley Album: (ink, R's hand)

“16/Corner Gate Arawa Pa/Motiti in the distance -/seen beyond -/sunken schooner of the Arawas/1864/G. Robley.”
page break
60. One of the famous old gates, Maketu (1864) Hawkes Bay Art Gallery & Museum

60. One of the famous old gates, Maketu (1864)
Hawkes Bay Art Gallery & Museum

page 258

62a. Tu Ngarahu (1865)

  • w/c on white cart.

  • 250 × 112 mm.

  • sign.: (w/c) lower right “H.G. Robley

Inscriptions

Recto: (w/c, R's hand) lower left

Tu Ngarahu

Verso: (ink, R's hand) whole page

“original/praised by “Tawa” (Capt. Mair/enough sky for mount/cut — for mount/mount/mount here.”

(pencil, ? hand)

“30/Fildes Coll/for Tomory's Study.”

62b. War dance of the Arawa Tribe, Maketu, Bay of Plenty, 1865

  • w/c on white paper

  • 210 × 322 mm. (sight)

  • sign.: (w/c) lower right “H.G. Robley

  • Tauranga Archives (no class.)

  • Presented by F.W. Vosseler

Labels

Mt. Verso: (typed label)

War Dance of the Arawa Tribe, Maketu, Bay of Plenty/1865.”

62c. Taua

  • w/c & ink on white paper

  • 213 × 337 mm.

  • sign.: (w/c) lower left “H. Robley

  • HBAGM Collection MMC 811

  • Presented by Lady McLean, Napier, 1930's

Inscriptions

Recto: (w/c, R's hand) lower right

“[illeg.] Taua.”
page 259

62d. War Dance, Maketu (1865)

  • w/c, ink & pencil on white cart.

  • (highlights in tempera glace & chinese white)

  • 218 × 340 mm.

  • sign.: (w/c) lower right corner “[illeg.]”

  • ATL Picture Collection A 80/51

  • Accn. No.: 78–643

  • Provenance: Donne/Fuller; purchased from Webster Estate, 1970

Inscriptions

Recto: (w/c, R's hand) lower right

Maketu/[illeg.] 1865”

(pencil, ATL staff) lower right corner

War Dance/H.G. Robley.”

63. War dance of the Arawas (Matata) (1865)

  • w/c & pencil on white cart.

  • 340 × 253 mm.

  • NMNZ Collection FA 839

  • Purchased from the Artist by the N.Z. Govt, 1905

Inscriptions

Verso: (ink, R's hand) centre

“war dance of Arawas/when proceeding against natives Revd Volkner's murderers/of Whakatane towards the Awa o te Atua river/ending with Matata & Te Teko/1865/went with Mr Mair just for fun/& sketching”

(pencil, R's hand) upper left

“passing this/way I came/to get you for/lunch/I leave some/living Maoris/for you to see.”

(pencil, R's hand) lower right

” — with Capt. Gilbert Mair.”

Robley Album: (ink, R's hand)

“8/War dance of the Arawas when protecting against the rebels & murderers/Matata & towards the Awa o te Atua river & Te Teko pa/1865/with Captn Gilbert Mair/G. Robley.”
page break
64. Pa on the Awa o te Atua river (sketch) Alexander Turnbull Library qMS Robley-Mair/1898–1922

64. Pa on the Awa o te Atua river (sketch)
Alexander Turnbull Library qMS Robley-Mair/1898–1922

page 260

64. Pa on the Awa o te Atua river (1865)

  • w/c & pencil on white cart.

  • 149 × 230 mm.

  • NMNZ Collection FA 846

  • Purchased from the Artist by the NZ Govt, 1905

Inscriptions

Verso: (w/c, R's hand) upper page

G. Mair & self at the/Awa-o-te-Atua pa/Hau hau flagstaff.”

Robley Album: (ink, R's hand)

“24/dove on flagstaff/Pa on the Awa-o-te-Atua river captured by natives/1865/under Captn Gilbert Mair/Hau hau flagstaff.”

Reproductions

“Illustrated London News” 24 February, 1866

65. Te Awa o te Atua Pa (1865)

  • w/c & pencil on white cart.

  • 148 × 236 mm.

  • NMNZ Collection FA 852

  • Purchased from the Artist by the N.Z. Govt, 1905

Inscriptions

Verso: (pencil, ? hand) left centre

“Dom. Mm 852/Te Awa-o-te-Atua/Pa.”

Robley Album: (ink, R's hand)

“61/Arawas under Captn Mair/1865/G. Robley/sketch early morning/Te Awa-o-te-Atua pa.”
page 261

66. Matata 1865

  • w/c & pencil on white paper

  • 204 × 244 mm.

  • sign.: (w/c) lower right “H.G. Robley

  • ATL Picture Collection A 80/13

Inscriptions

Recto: (w/c, R's hand) lower left

Matata/1865”

Verso: (ink & w/c, R's hand) whole page

Notes/Copied into “Aotea roa” by the Honble Pember Reeves/Notes -/from Captn. T.E. Donne/CMG/
“Yours of Matata, is the old Maori work/that Pakeha eyes will see no more/The old work disappears, and the artist only has/the power to make its semblance live for ever -”
” — South Gate of the/Arawa's Pa at Matata — it has/Horned tattooed head and pigeon feather ornamentation/Rare — 3 fighting men outside -/Captn Gilbert Mair in command of friendly/native levies in pursuit of murderers/of Revd Mr Volkner (who was (Octr drawn 1865/killed and in dreadful orgies)/in his church at Opotiki in March 65)/signed H.G. Robley.”

Reproduction.

“The Long White Cloud; Ao-tea-roa.” [Reeves:1896] opp. page 118.