Fresh-Water studies

Collections of algae, and water samples for culturing of plankton were made from the range of available habitats. The ecological programme, covering a comparison between the deep, ice-covered lakes, the shallow lakes which are usually ice-free during the two summer months and the connecting streams, was curtailed by the cold temperatures experienced this summer. Little free water appeared around the edge of Lake Vashka, no water flowed in the streams, and only some of the shallow lakes thawed.

Some chemical analysis of the water of Lake Vashka was made in the field. The hydrogen-ion concentration was determined, water was "fixed" for later oxygen determination, and samples were subjected to ion-exchange resins to calculate the salt content. Bulk supplies of water were brought back for laboratory analysis.

No insects were found.