Sampling.

To obtain a fair sample from a parcel of cement it is [unclear: necessary] take several bags, empty them into a heap and turn this [unclear: o] thoroughly. It is obviously unfair to take a sample from the [unclear: mo] of one or two bags, as there is always a danger of some of the [unclear: cene] having become dead through exposure or absorption of moisture, and therefore not fairly representing the bulk.

Before making the cement into briquettes (especially in [unclear: h] weather) spread out the sample for a few hours to ensure its [unclear: lei] cool and air-slacked, as it is most difficult in dealing with [unclear: hr] quantities for a manufacturer to ensure thorough aeration.

The quantity of water necessary to obtain the best results [unclear: cans] unfortunately be determined without ascertaining whether the [unclear: ceme] be quick or slow setting, the state of the atmosphere, and fineness [unclear: image not readable] grinding. Herein lies the chief cause of unreliable tests made by inexperienced gaugers.

The quantity of water required for neat cement varies from [unclear: 16] 22 per cent. In making sand tests (3 to 1) about half that [unclear: quantity] will suffice. Quick-setting cement requires more water and [unclear: slow] setting less.

Warm weather quickens the setting. The temperature of [unclear: the] water used for gauging should be as nearly as possible [unclear: uniform] all seasons—about 60° Fah.