Manikaland.

It has been stated elsewhere that an agreement entered into between England and Portugal in August 1890, demarcating the eastern limits of the British South Africa Company's territory, was never ratified but formed the basis of a modus vivendi. The abortive treaty, however, was not actually accepted for this purpose until November 1890, and in this interval events had been moving with great rapidity, unanticipated by the Portuguese, whose jealousy and resentment had risen to a high pitch. Between August and November the Pioneer Expedition had succeeded in reaching its objective in Mashonaland and establishing itself there (Mount Hampden was sighted on September 12, 1890), and the Manika treaty had been concluded by myself on behalf of the British South Africa Company, two events of considerable importance, which aroused the energies of the Portuguese, under the leadership of Colonel Paiva d'Andrada.