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The Pamphlet Collection of Sir Robert Stout: Volume 60

Lecture II. — Foundations

Lecture II.

Foundations.

Natural and artificial foundations.—Two leading causes of failure—Treatment of a rock bottom.—Sand a good foundation under certain circumstances.—Foundations of Eddystone, Bell Rock, and Skerryvore lighthouses.—Danger of building on inclined strata.—Expansion of clay soils.—Disintegration of shale when exposed to the air.—Sand piling.—How to fix a gatepost.—Pile driving.—Screw piles.—Iron cylinders.—Hard crust overflying a soft stratum.—Sand.—Peat.—Foundations of buildings in Moorfields, London.—Foundations under Water: Three leading cases—Pile foundations—Timber—Screw piles—Cylinders—Hughes' pneumatic process—Solid foundations—Random work—Concrete in caissons—Masonry in caissons—Caissons laid on the natural bottom—Caissons on Béton foundations—Caissons on pile foundations—Caissons on sand bottom—Caissons with air chambers—St. Louis bridge over the Mississipi—Difficulties encountered at the Alexander II. bridge over the Neva—Indian system of sinking brick cylinders by divers.