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The Pamphlet Collection of Sir Robert Stout: Volume 50

Section X.—Course in Arts — Chapter XIX.—The Degree of Bachelor of Arts

Section X.—Course in Arts

Chapter XIX.—The Degree of Bachelor of Arts.

I. The subjects of examination for the degree of Bachelor of Arts shall be:—
1.Latin Language and Literature.
2.Greek Language and Literature.
3.English Language and Literature.
4.Modern Languages and Literature.
5.General History and Political Economy.
6.Jurisprudence and Constitutional History.
7.Pure Mathematics.
8.Applied Mathematics.
9.Physical Science.
10.Chemistry.
11.Natural Science.
12.Mental Science.

The subjects will be divided as follows:—

(1) Latin Language and Literature (Two papers).—
(a)Translation of simple unseen passages from Latin into English; selected portions (1) of the works of one prose and one verse author.
(b)An easy passage or passages for translation from English into Latin prose; questions on grammar.

1 1886. Virgil—Œneid, Books XI. and XII.; Livy, Books I. and II.

1887. Cicero—Pro Cluentio; Virpil—æneid, Book VI.

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(2) Greek Language and Literature (Two papers).—
(a)Translation of simple unseen passages from Greek into English; selected portions (1) of the works of one prose and one verse author.
(b)An easy passage or passages for translation from English into Greek prose; questions on grammar.
(3) English Language and Literature (Two papers).—
(a)The origin, history, and structure of the English language, and selected portions (2) of one or more authors.
(b)An account of one period(2) of literature, and a short essay on some subject arising out of the works selected under (a).

(4) Modem Languages and Literature (Two papers).—

French, or German, or Italian, at the option of the candidate.

(a)Passages for translation, from and into English and the language chosen.
(b)Questions on grammar and composition. Questions on a period (3) of the literature of the language. Questions on selected authors (3).

1 1886. Euripides—Hecaba and Media; Xenophon—Cyropœdia, Books I. and II.

1887. Plato—Apology and Krito; Homer—Iliad, Book XVI.

2 1886. Shakespeare—King Lear, The Tempest. George Eliot—Romola. Period—The Commonwealth.

1887. Burke—Reflections on the French Revolution; Macaulay—Essays on Bacon and Horace Walpole; Shakespeare—Hamlet, and Romeo and Juliet. Period—

3 1886. French.—Bossuet—Oraisons Funèbres. Quinault—Les Rivales, Agrippa. Period—The Seventeenth Century.

German.—Freiligrath—Gedichte. Ebers—Die Geschwister. Period—The Seventeenth Century.

1887. French.—Barthelemy, Voyage du Jeune Anacharsis en Grèce; Molière—Les Femmes Savantes. Period—

German.—Goethe—Egmont; Wilhelm Mueller—Ausgewählte Gedichte. Period of Goethe and Schiller.

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(5) General History and Political Economy (Two papers)

(a)General History: Period (1) to be selected year by year.
(b)Political Economy.—The production, distribution, exchange, and consumption of wealth; the law of population; emigration, immigration; strikes; trade-unions; socialist theories; land tenures; freetrade and protection; and the colonial policy of England.
(6) Jurisprudence and Constitutional History (Two papers).—
(a)Jurisprudence.—Nature of positive law; sources of law; scientific classification of law, together with knowledge of the system adopted in Roman law.
(b)Constitutional History.—Constitutional History of England.
(7) Pure Mathematics (Three papers).—
(a)Elementary Geometry.—Euclid, Books I., II., III., IV., and VI., together with the definitions of Book V.
(b)Trigonometry.—The elementary parts of plain trigonometry so far as to include the principal properties of logarithms, the use of logarithmic tables, and the solution and properties of triangles, with easy transformations and examples.
(c)Algebra.—Definitions and explanations of algebraical signs and terms; addition, subtraction, multiplication, and division of algebraical quantities, including fractions and surds; the elementary rules of ratio and proportion; the square and cube roots; easy equations of a degree not higher than the second, and questions producing such equations; aritmetical, geometrical, and harmonical progressions; permutations and combinations; and the binomial theorem: with proofs of the rules, and simple examples.

1 1986. English History from the accession of Charles I. to 1688.

1887. English History from 1688 to the accession of Queen Victoria.

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(8) Applied Mathematics (One paper).—

Elementary Mechanics and Hydrostatics.—Treated so as not necessarily to require a knowledge of pure mathematics greater than the standard prescribed for the degree of Bachelor of Arts, namely, the composition and resolution of forces acting on a point and on a rigid body on one plane; the mechanical powers; the centre of gravity; the fundamental laws of motion; the laws of uniform and uniformly accelerated motion and of falling bodies; the pressure of liquids and gases; the equilibrium of floating bodies; specific gravities; and the principal instruments and machines the action of which depends on the properties of fluids: with simple problems and examples.

(9) Physical Science (Two papers).—
(a)

Heat, including Radiant Heat.—Temperature; expansion; conduction and convection; latent heat, specific heat; calorimetry; hygrometry; sources of heat; the steam engine; conservation and dissipation of energy; and radiation, absorption, transmission, reflection, and refraction of heat.

Either

(b)

Sound and Light.—The production and propagation of sound; vibration of sounding bodies; interference; and the physical theory of music. Nature, production, and propagation of light; absorption; reflection; refraction; prismatic dispersion; spectra; fluorescence; interference; plane polarization; and the principal optical instruments and vision.

Or

(c)

Electricity and Magnetism.—Production and properties of statical and voltaic electricity; induction, including secondary currents; thernio and magneto-electricity; electro-dynamics; magnetism and diamagnetism; the electric telegraph; and electric measurements.

A candidate in Physical Science will be required, on presenting himself for examination, to furnish to the Supervisor a certificate from a teacher of the subject, or branch subject that he has passed a practical examination in such subject as follows:

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(a)Heat: Use of thermometer, barometer, and hygrometer; determination of the density of solids and liquids; calculation of the density of gases from observations of their temperature and pressure; calorimetry.
(b)Sound and Light: Use of goniometer, photometer, spectroscope, telescope, and microscope; determination of the curvature, focal length, and magnifying power of lenses; determination of the refractive index of solids and liquids.
(c)Electricity and Magnetism: Use of electrometer, galvanometer, voltameter, Wheatstone's bridge, and resistance coils; determination of the resistance of conductors and batteries; determination of the electro-motive force of batteries, and of the strength of currents; measurement of magnetic forces.

The certificate must be given by a teacher in an affiliated institution who shall have been authorised by the Chancellor to grant certificates. A fee of one guinea shall be paid by the candidate to the teacher for conducting the practical examination, unless the candidate be attending the lectures of such teacher.

(10) Chemistry (Two papers).—The chemical relations of cohesion, heat, light, and electricity; the general principles of chemical combination, notation, and nomenclature; the description and classification of the more important elements and compounds, and of organic bodies; qualitative analysis and calculations of chemical problems; and the description of the leading chemical theories.

Note.—The division of this subject into two papers will be left to the discretion of the Examiner.

A candidate in chemistry will be required, on presenting himself for examination, to furnish to the Supervisor a certificate from a teacher of the subject that he has passed a practical examination in chemistry.

The certificate must be given by a teacher in an affiliated institution who shall have been authorised by the Chancellor to grant certificates. A fee of one guinea shall be paid by the candidate to the teacher for conducting the practical examination, unless the candidate he attending the lectures of such teacher.

(11) Natural Science (Two Papers).—

(a) General Biology.—1. General structure and physiology of animal and vegetable cells. 2. General structure of the following animal and vegetable tissues:Animal: Blood, epithelium, epidermis, con- page 80 nective tissue, cartilage, bone, muscle, nerve. Veqetable: Epidermis, fundamental tissue, fibro-vascular tissue. 8. Arrangement of tissues into organs and systems of organs in plants and animals. 4. Physiology of nutrition, circulation, respiration, and excretion in plants and animals. 5. Elementary physiology of muscle and nerve. 6. General phenomena of reproduction, asexual and sexual, in plants and animals. 7. The chief stages in the development of the egg-cell in plants and animals. 8. Significance of the terms—fauna, flora, range of species, barriers, modes of dispersal. 9. Principles and classification. 10. Origin of species: Heredity and variation, struggle for existence, use and disuse, degeneration, rudimentary organs, mimicry and protective colouring, natural selection, production of varieties, connection between ontogeny and phylogeny. 11. Biogenesis and Abiogenesis.

Practical work: The miscroscopical examination of Saccharomyces, Pleurococcus or some unicellular Alga, Bacterium and Amœba; the anatomy and histology of a flowering plant; the microscopical examination of the tissues enumerated above (under 2).

(b) One of the following:

(I.) Botany.—1. The general morphology of the cells, tissues, and organs of plants. 2. The principal characters of the classes of plants and of the following natural orders of flowering plants: Gramineæ, Cyperaceæ, Aroideæ, Liliaceæ, Irideæ, Orchideæ, Salicineæ, Labiatæ, Scropbularinæ, Solanaceæ Primulaceæ, Ericaceæ, Campanulaceæ, Compositæ Umbelliferæ, Myrtaceæ, Rosaceæ, Leguimnosæ, Geraniaceæ, Caryophvlleæ, Pittosporeæ. Cruciferæ, Violarieæ, Ranunculaceæ. 3. The structure (including histology) and life-history of the following types: Pleurococcus, Spirogyra, a Diatom, Closterium, Hormosira or any fucoid, Vauclieria, Vol- page 83 vox, Ceramium or any red sea-weed, Nitella or Cham, Bacterium, Saccharomyces, Mucor, Penicillium, Saprolegnia, Peziza. Sticta or any lichen, Agaricus, Funaria or any moss, Marchantia or Lunularia, Pteris or any fern, Azolla, Selaginella, Pinus or Thuja, Lilium or Hyacinthus, Vicia. 4. The outlines of vegetable physiology. Modifications of flowers to insure fertilization, and of fruits to insure dispersal. 6. The main facts of the distribution of plants in space and time. The chief characters of the phyto-geographical regions. Order of appearance in the time of the classes of plants.

Practical Work:—
(a)The dissection and microscopical examination of the types enumerated under 3.
(b)The dissection and description of typical plants belonging to any of the natural orders enumerated under 2.

(II.) Zoology.—1. The principal characters of the chief classes and orders of animals. 2. The structure and life-history of the following types:—Amoeba, Paramœcium, or Vorticella, or any ciliate infusorian, Hydra or any hydroid polyp, Actinia or Alcyonium, Asterina, Earthworm, Paranephrops or Palinurus, Blatta or Periplaneta or Baeillus, Mytilus or Mesodesma or Chione or Unio, Helix or Limax or Arion, Boltenia or any simple Ascidian, Agonbstoma or Lotella or Pagrus or any Teleost, Columba, Lepus. 3. The elements of comparative embryology. 4. The main facts of the distribution of the vertebrata in space; the animals most characteristic of the zoo-geopraphical regions; the order of appearance in time of the classes of animals. 5. The definition and significance of the following terms: Parasitism, Commensalism, Symbiosis, Parthenogenesis, Alternation of generations, Metamorphosis, Polymorphism.

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Practical work: The dissection and microscopical examination of the types enumerated under 2.

(III.) Geology:—

Physical Geology.—The texture and composition of the principal rocks, and the characters of rock forming minerals. The origin and classification of rocks; metamorphism and decomposition of rocks. The physical structure of rock masses, and their position" in the earth-crust. Movements of the surface of the earth. Chronological classification of rocks. Origin of the surface features of the earth.

Palæontology.—The structure and chronological distribution of the classes of plants and animals found in a fossil state. The characteristic fossils of the three geological eras. The generalizations of palæontology.

Practical Work:—Determination by physical characters of minerals and rocks; determination of fossils; construction of geological sections.

A candidate in Natural Science will be required, on presenting himself for examination, to furnish to the Supervisor a certificate from a teacher of the subject or branch subject that he has passed a practical examination in such subject.

The certificate must be given by a teacher in an affiliated institution who shall have been authorised by the Chancellor to grant certificates. A fee of one guinea shall be paid by the candidate to the teacher for conducting the practical examination, unless the candidate be attending the lectures of such teacher.

(12) Mental Science (Two papers).—
(a)Psychology.—Outlines of the physiology of the nervous system; instinct; the senses and the intellect; abstraction; perception. Ethics—The psychology of the will; the ethical standard; the moral faculty; the hedonist, intuitionalist, and utilitarian methods.
(b)Logic.—Deductive and inductive logic.
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II. No candidate shall be admitted to the degree of Bachelor of Arts unless he shall have passed in at least six of the above subjects of examination, of which two must be Latin and Pure Mathematics.

III. The examination may be passed in two sections. Either three or four subjects of examination, one of which must be either Latin or Pure Mathematics, shall constitute the first section, which may be taken after two years' terms have been kept by the candidate; and the remaining subjects shall constitute the second section, which may be taken after three years' terms have been kept: or, at the option of the candidate, all the subjects may be taken together after three years' terms have been kept.

IV. No student shall be admitted to the final examination for the degree of Bachelor of Arts who has not kept three years' terms at some institution affiliated to the University of New Zealand, unless he shall have been admitted as an undergraduate under the Statute of Admission ad eundem, or unless he shall be an undergraduate exempted under the Statute of Terms and Lectures, or unless he be a teacher who has passed prior to 1885 the first section of the examination for the degree of Bachelor of Arts under the provisions of the Statute formerly in force in that behalf.

V. Every student intending to present himself for examination shall, not later than the first day of September preceding the examination, signify to the Chancellor the subjects in which he shall elect to be examined.

VI. The names of the students who pass the examination shall be placed in alphabetical order, and shall be published by the Chancellor as soon as is convenient after the receipt by him of the reports of the Examiners.

VII. Teachers in affiliated institutions, and certificated teachers of good repute in any school established or conducted under the provisions of an Act of the General Assembly or of a Provincial Council of this colony, having been in the practice of their profession for at least five years, who have passed the first section of the examination for the degree page 80 of Bachelor of Arts, may be admitted to the final examination on payment of the ordinary fee, without matriculation and the keeping of University terms; and on passing that examination shall be entitled to all the other privileges of graduates of the University of the same standing, anything in other Statutes of the University notwithstanding: Provided that every teacher admitted to examination under this clause shall give three months' notice to the Chancellor of the subjects in which he shall elect to be examined.

VIII. The fee for each examination for the degree of Bachelor of Arts shall be one guinea.