(I) Pre-traditional Man in New Zealand—The Moa Hunters

A. Rakaia Encampment, Map A.

(1-53)	Flakes and Implements of Flint, Obsidian and Cher[unclear: t]
(54-68)	Polished Implements of Chert and Melaphyre Found in a Câche near Rakaia

B. Moa-Bone-Point Cave, Banks' Peninsula. Diagram B.

	(a) Sand hills near the cave
(69-90)	Stone Implements chipped from material on the spot
(91-94)	Chipped Stone Tools manufactured from bro[unclear: ke] polished Stone Implements
(95-117)	Chipped Stone Implements from material foreign Banks' Peninsula
(118-121)	Polished Stone Implements
(122-136)	Implements chipped or in preparation for polish[unclear: ing] and Polishing Material
	(b) Moa-Bone-Point Cave
(137-143)	Stone Implements chipped from material on the spot
(144-149)	Material chipped or in preparation for polishing
(150-168)	Polished Stone Implements

Shag Point Encampment

C.	(169-200)	Chipped Stone Implements
	(201-205)	Implements polished or in preparation

D. Maniototo Encampment

(206-230)	Chipped Stone Implements of Chert and Obsidian
(231-512)	Bones of Moas, &c., collected at the foregoing localit[unclear: ies]

E. Native Implements

	Manufactory, Otakaia Encampment, Otago
(513-540)	Stone Implements
(541-559)	Remains from Kitchen Middens

F.

(560-625)

Polished Stone Implements and Ornaments of rec[unclear: rtain] or uncertain date

G. Implements and Weapons of the Moriori or Chatham Islanders

(626-631)	Chipped Implements of Stone
(632-651)	Polished Stone Implements
(652-655)	Stone Knives

page 11

H. Implements of the Solomon Islanders

(656-660)

Adzes of Stone

J. Implements of Fijians

(661-674)

Adzes of Stone

(II) Pre-historic Stone Implements of countries beyond Australasia

K. Palæolithic Types

(675-791)	France
(792-808)	Great Britain and Ireland

L. Neolithic Types

(809-818)	Belgium
(819-828)	France
(829-841)	Denmark
(842-854)	Sweden and Norway
(855-893)	Swiss Lake Dwellings
(894-912)	Italy
(913-1019)	United States
(1020-1022)	Mexico
(1023-1030)	Egypt

These Ethnological Collections are exhibited with a view to show that all people in every part of the world, when arrived at a certain stage of civilization, manufactured and manufacture their stone implements in exactly the same manner; also that, at least for New Zealand and Chatham Islands, we cannot divide the stone implements into palæolithic and neolithic ones, both kinds having been used by the Moa hunters and the Morioris at the same time.

The three Moa skeletons were articulated from material obtained in the Tertiary deposits at Glenmark, after studying carefully some complete skeletons found in Otago. Selected to illustrate the three most remarkable groups into which the Exhibitor has divided the Dinornithidæ.

88—Haast, Professor Julius Von, Ph.D., F.R.S., Director of the Canterbury Museum.

89—Haast, Professor Julius Von, Ph.D., F.R.S., Director of the Ca[unclear: n]terbury Museum.

[For Particulars See New Zealand Handbook and Geological Reports.]

page 13

Tertiary Corals and Polyzoa.

(1-95.)

• Named and described by Rev. J. E. Tenison-Woods, Pres. Lin. Soc. N.S.W.

Fossil Vertebrata

(1-15.)

The following species are represented by specimens, casts, or drawings :—

A. Carnivora.

Morunga elephantina: Elephant seal. Found in sandhills on various parts of the coast

page 14

B. Aves.

Palæeudyptes antarcticus (Huxley) : Great fossil penguin. Foun[unclear: d] near Oamaru, East Coast; and Seal Rocks, Brighton, on Wes[unclear: t] Coast. Formation : Lower Eocene.

Dinornis: Several species. The Moa, found in superficial deposit[unclear: e] in all parts of New Zealand.

Cnemiornis calcitrans (Owen) : An enormous Anserine, allied t[unclear: o] the Cereopsis, or Cape Barren goose of Australia. Formation Superficial deposits with Moa bones.

C. Reptilia.

(See Hector, Trans. N.Z. Inst., Vol. VI.)

Group—Sauropterygia. (Vertebræ with both ends flat or concave. Teeth curved, with striated, sharp-pointed crowns, are found in the rock matrix free from the jaws.)

• Genus—Plesiosaurus. (Centrum of dorsal vertebra short as compared with its width, which is greater than its height; flat, or only slightly concave at both ends. Humerus prismatic, with a round proximal surface; distal end expanded and flat.)

  1	Plesiosaurus australis (Owen), Cretaceous, Amuri District
  2	Plesiosaurus crassicostatus (Owen), Cretaceous, Amuri District
  3	Plesiosaurus hoodii (Owen), Cretaceous, Amuri District
  4	Plesiosaurus holmesii (Hector), Cretaceous, Amuri District
  5	Plesiosaurus traversii (Hector), Cretaceous, Amuri District
  6	Plesiosaurus mackayii (Hector), Cretaceous, Amuri District

• Genus—Polycotylus (Cope). (Centrum of dorsal vertebra nearly equal in length to its diameter, constricted; articular surfaces circular, concave, with an elongated tubercle in the centre of the depression. Humerus slender, and long in proportion to the size of the vertebra, with two articular facets on the proximal end.)

  7	Polycotylus tenuis (Hector), Cretaceous, Amuri District

• Genus—Mauisaurus (Hector). (Centrum of dorsal vertebra equal in length to the diameter, with smooth concave sides and an inferior mesial ridge; articular facets circular, flat, with a deep pit in the centre. Humerus with a large tuberosity.)

  8	Mauisaurus haastii (Hector), Cretaceous, Amuri District

• Genus—Ichthyosaurus. (Vertebræ; consist of biconcave discs.)

  9	Ichthyosaurus australis (Hector), Triassic, Amuri District

• Group—Pythonomorpha. (Vertebra concave in front and convex behind. Teeth firmly attached to the jaw; never occur free in the matrix except when broken off.)
• Genus—Leiodon (Owen). (Dorsal vertebra sub-prismatic, cup page 15 and ball of equal diameter. Teeth conical, curved, with thick enamel; pulp-cavity constricted at base.)
  • 10 Leiodon amuriensis (Hector), Cretaceous, Amuri District
• Genus—Taniwhasaurus (Hector). (Dorsal vertebra with the cup end expanded, and tapering obliquely to the ball end. Humerus very short, wide, and with powerful muscular crests. Teeth conical, with pulp-cavity expanded at base.)
• 11 Taniwhasaurus oweni (Hector), Cretaceous, Amuri District.

(1536-1737) Human Period.

1-6	Taiahas, ornamented with dogs' hair. New Zealand and Chatham Islands
7	Tomahawk, iron head and carved handle. Taken by Colonel M'Donnell in a fight with Te Kooti near Taupo, 1869
8-11	Tewhatewha, Chatham Islands (plain, black, and carved)
12	Maori Staff (carved)
13-14	Walking-stick (carved)
15	Genealogical Staff of the Urewera Tribe. Captured by Colonel Whitmore
16-17	Hand Weapon of wood, Chatham Islands
18	Hand Weapon of wood, called Mere Kooti. It formerly belonged to Te Kooti, and was given by him to Major Edwards
19	Hand Weapon, of wood (carved)
20	Native Flute
21	Knife used by Natives for cutting their flesh when in mourning
22	Wooden Spoon
23	Wooden Flax-beater
24	Drill for Boring Greenstone
25-26	Tatoo Stick
27	Glove Stretcher, made of moa bone
28-29	Large Fishhooks, made of wood and bone
30-31	Fishhooks, made of shell and bone
32	Fishhooks, made of shell and iron (three). (Dr. Hector)
33	Moriori Fishhook, made of bone. Chatham Islands
34-36a	Sinkers for Fishing Nets, Lines, &c.
37	Two Ear Pendants
38	Native Comb
39	Thimble used by Maoris as a Bullet-mould
40-41	Carved Block
42	Canoe Bailer
43-44	Model of Maori Canoe
45-47	Carved Boxes for keeping Feather Head-dresses in
48	Bone Spear-heads (carved)
49	Feather Head-dresses
50	Poi, used by young Maoris in a game to which they singpage 16
51	Model of War Canoe
52	Carved Figure, with feather cap
53	Carving for outside of Maori house
54	Bark Basket, ornamented with feathers
55-56	Dogskin War Cloak
57	Mat made of Pigeon Feathers, bordered with tin [unclear: and] kiwi, mixed with dog's hair
58	Mat made of Pigeon Tail-feathers
59	Mat made of Kiwi Feathers
60	Piupiu Mat
61	Black Flax Mat
62	Black-and-Yellow Flax Mat
63	Mat made of small branches of Dacrydium (?)
64	Black-and-Yellow Tag Mat
65	Thatch Mat
66-75	Parawai Mats
80	Chatham Island Dress
81-82	Fishing Nets
83-84	Black-and-White Flax Baskets
85-86	Strap for Carrying Loads
87	Paraera or Shoes made from New Zealand Flax
88	Hat made of Leaf of Cabbage Tree
89	Mourning Cap
90	Basket made of Nikau
91-93	Fancy Baskets made by Natives from New Zealand Flax
98-105	Maori Flags
106-115	Stone Weapons
119	Pieces of Greenstone, showing Maori method of cutti[unclear: ng]
120-129	Stone Weapons
130	Hand Club of wood (carved). (Deposited by Mr. Lyo[unclear: n]
131-132	Stone Flax-beaters
133	Mere
134	Mere
135	Mere made of bone
136	Axe used by Morioris for cutting trees, Pitt's Island
137-138	Moriori Axes, Main Island
139	Stone War-club, Chatham Islands
140	Flat stone Fern-beater, Chatham Islands
141	Axe fixed in handle to show Maori and Moriori meth[unclear: od] of mounting
142	Stone used for rubbing down axes, Chatham Islands
143-144	Axes, Chatham Islands
145	Chisel used for carving, Chatham Islands
146	Fern-beater made of limestone, Raglan
147-150	Maori Chisels used for carving
151	Greenstone Implement used for cutting hair
152	Kapu
153	Kapu, foot of Tauranga Mountains
154	Axe (rough)page 17
155	Axe, south bank of Teremakau
156	Kapu, Hawke's Bay
157	Axe, Wakapuaka, Nelson
158	Stones worn by wind-driven sand, Evans Bay, Welington (4)
159	Chert Flakes, Maniototo Plains
160	Chert and Obsidian Flakes, Cape Campbell
161	Maori Paddle
162	Maori Steering-paddle (carved)
163	Skeleton of Moriori (female)
164	Skeleton of Maori (male)
165	Relics of Maori Cannibal Feast, obtained at Robinson's Bay, Wellington Harbour (human bones, adults' and children's; bones of dog, fish, bird, lizard; shells; charcoal; obsidian and chert flakes)
166	Skull of Chatham Islander, male, Maori type
167	Skull of New Zealander, male, Melanesian type
168	Skull of Chatham Islander, female, Maori type
169	Skull of Chatham Islander, female, Moriori type
170	Skull of Chatham Islander, male, Moriori type
171	Skull of New Zealander, female, mixed race
172	Skull of New Zealander, male, Polynesian type
173	Skull of New Zealander, male, mixed race
174	Stern-post of Canoe
175	Head of Canoe

Fossil Plants.

(1-99.)

The specimens are classified according to the geological formation from which they are derived, and are accompanied by fifty-two lithograph plates, illustrative of a descriptive work on the subject by Dr. Hector.

B Rock Specimens.

(1-55)	Plutonic Rocks
(56-96)	Basic Volcanic Rocks
(97-136)	Acidic Volcanic Rocks
(137-164)	Crystalline Rocks

Minerals—Gold Specimens.

• Reef or Quartz Lode Gold—

  1	Moanataiari Mine, Thames: 25 per cent gold, 5½ per cent, silver
  2	Union Beach Mine, Coromandel: 28 per cent gold
  3	Cure Mine, Thames : 14 per cent, gold, 5 per cent, silver
  4	Wealth of Nations. Reefton
  5	Leaf-gold, White Swan Claim, Coromandel
  6	Prince Imperial Claim, Thames
  7	Caledonian Mine, Thames : 12 per cent, gold, 4 per cent. silver
  8	Turner Reef, Queen Charlotte Sound

page 18

• Typical Samples of Alluvial Gold—

  1	Canoe Creek, West Coast, Nelson
  2	Taipo
  3	Moonlight Creek, Grey River, Nelson
  4	Antonio's Flat, branch of Big Grey
  5	Ross (deep lead), Westland
  6	Ross
  7	Moeraki, Otago
  8	Lardi, Little Grey, Nelson
  9	Totara River
  10	Mikonui Beach
  11	Donaghue's
  12	Wakamarina, Marlborough
  13	Greenstone River
  14	Kanieri Terrace
  15	Haast River
  16	Greenland Hill, 2300 feet altitude
  17	Grey
  18	Teremakau
  19	Ho-ho, Hokitika
  20	Ho-ho, Hokitika
  21	Okarito Beach
  22	Lawrence, Otago
  23	Naseby, Spec Gully, Otago
  24	Cromwell, Otago
  25	Queenstown, Otago
  26	Wakamarina River, Marlborough
  27	Blue Spur, Lawrence, Otago
  28	St. Bathans, Otago
  29	Charleston, Nelson
  30	Addison Flat, Nelson
  31	Waimea, Nelson
  32	Twelve Miles Inland, Westport
  33	Fifty Yards Inland, Westport
  34	Gold and Platinum, Southland
  35	Oamaru
  36	Iron, Platinum, Southland
  37	Large Nuggets of Gold from Otago and Nelson

(1-57)	Metallic Minerals
(1-32)	Minerals in Large Blocks
(1-52)	Non-metallic Minerals
(1-26)	Coals from New Zealand Mines

page 19

Analysis.

The following is a Table of the Average Composition of the Coal Exhibited from New Zealand from Analyses made in the Colonial Laboratory :—

Each skull is longitudinally bisected, and is so placed that the series of b[unclear: our] forming the base of the skull (basis cranii) is horizontal. The direction of [unclear: the] series of bones is shown by a red wire, which thus represents the cranial [unclear: as] From the fore end of this red wire a blue wire is continued along the bones fo[unclear: rm]ing the axis of the face, and so marks the facial axis. The green wire indi[unclear: cas] the direction of the ethemoidal plane by which the cavity of the brain-case separated from the chamber of the nose; the black wire, of the tentorial p[unclear: lace] or plane of separation between the greater brain or cerebrum and the lesser b[unclear: rane] or cerebellum; the yellow wire, the occipital plane, or plane of the apert[unclear: ion] (occipital foramen), through which the spinal cord becomes continuous with [unclear: the] brain. The outline diagrams represent the position of the brain in the skull the lowest (frog) and highest (man) members of the series, the cranial axis [unclear: bank] made of the same absolute length in both. It will be seen that with the increase relative size of the brain, the facial axis, a c, becomes bent downward upon : cranial axis, a b, the angle cab being, in man, nearly a right angle, instead as in the frog, equal to two right angles. At the same time the ethemoidal [unclear: plane] a d, is rotated forwards, the angle dab, a right angle in the frog, become greater than two right angles in man; and the tentorial and occipital planes [unclear: and] rotated backwards, the angles a g e, a b f, becoming obtuse instead of right angle