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The Pamphlet Collection of Sir Robert Stout: Volume 26

Lessons In the English Language For Maori Schools

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Lessons. In the English Language

By Authority : George Didsbury, Government Printer. Wellington

1873
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I.

Whakahuatanga.

E tama ma, kei hoha koutou ki te whakahua i nga reta e mau nei. Ahakoa roa noa te ako, me tohe tonu ki te whakahua. Ma konei ano hoki e tika ai te arero ki nga kupu Pakeha.

a e i 0 u
ha he hi ho hu
ka ke ki ko ku
ma me mi mo mu
na ne ni no nu
pa pe Pi po pu
ra re ri ro ru
ta te ti to tu
wa we wi wo wu
ba be bi bo bu
da de di do du
fa fe fi fo fu
ga ge gi go gu
ja je Ji jo Ju
la le li lo lu
sa se si so su
va ve vi vo vu
za ze zi zo zupage 2
ca ce co ci cu
bla ble bli blo blu
cla cle cli clo clu
gla gle gli glo glu
bra bre bri bro bru
cra cre cri cro cru
dra dre dri dro dru
cha che chi cho chu
fra fre fri fro fru
gra gre gri gro gru
sma sme smi smo smu
sna sne sni sno snu
swa swe swi swo swu
tha the thi tho thu
sla sle sli slo slu
sta ste sti sto stu
sha she shi sho shu
ab eb ib ob ub
ad ed id od ud
af ef if of uf
ag eg ig og ug
ak ek ik ok uk
al el il ol ul
am em im om um
an en in on un
ap ep ip op up
ar er ir or ur
as es is os uspage 3
at et it ot ut
ax ex ix ox ux
amp emp imp omp ump
and end ind ond und
ang eng ing ong ung
ash esh ish osh ush
ank enk ink onk unk
atch etch itch otch utch
ard erd ird ord urd
ast est ist ost ust
aft eft ift oft uft
ath eth ith oth uth
abe ebe ibe obe ube
ade ede ide ode ude
ape epe ipe ope upe

The teacher will observe, that, in the foregoing lessons, in the first place the English Vowel sounds are given alone:

Then, those sounds are joined to the consonants with which the Natives are already familiar:

And, lastly, they are joined to our harsh English consonants. The syllables in which c has the sound of k, are separated from those in which the same letter has the sound of s.

It will be found necessary that the children be well exercised in these lessons before they attempt to learn anything of the Grammar, or to read English words. The teacher can enliven this part of the work by writing on a large slate one or two words which begin or end with the double consonants given; as, after a lesson on atch, etch, &c. he may give catch, fetch, &c. and the boys may then copy these words on their slates, or write them in copy books, as the writing lesson for the clay. It will, of course, take a long time to perfect the children in the harder sounds, but the teacher will be repaid in the end for his trouble by the ease with which they will read any common book.

The pronunciation of English words will often be rendered easier to the native pupil, by breaking them up into several syllables, each syllable consisting of a consonant and a vowel or vowels following it.

page 4
For example the words bend, branch, ground, may be taught thus
be be ge
be-ne be-ra ge-rou
ben bra grou
ben-de bra-ne grou-ne
bend bran groun
bran-che groun-de
branch ground

The following rules will enable the pupils to ascertain which sound to give to th whenever they meet with it; whether to sound it (1) as in this, or (2) as in thing.

1. The first sound must be given to it in the beginning of all the

following words :—
thou this
thy these
thine that
they those
them thus
their then
theirs there
the thence
thither
also in all cases where th is found between two vowels, or before the letter s, as in the following examples :—
father hither
mother other
bathe clothe
baths mouths
paths truths

2. The second sound must be given to it in all other cases.

Examples.
bath south
path truth
faith earth
death north
both thongpage 5
cloth thing
froth through
mouth throw
S is pronounced as sh in the following and similar cases :—
sure measure
sugar pleasure
pressure treasure

The following groups of words are given as examples of the various sounds of the vowels. The business of the teacher will be to secure the accurate pronunciation of the English words. The Maori rendering of each word is given merely to make the lessons more interesting to the pupils :—

A.

1.
bat, pekapeka. bad, kino.
cat, poti. mad, porangi.
hat, potae. glad, koa.
mat, takapau. trap, rore.
rat, kiore. yam, uwhi.
hang, iri. back, tuara.
bank, tahataha. black, mangu.
thank, whakawhetai. ask, ui.
2.
father, pàpà. half, haawhe.
cart, kaata. calf, kuao-kau.
part, wahi. palm, nikau.
bark, kiri-rakau. far, tawhiti.
3.
all, katoa. stalk, tàkakau.
call, karanga. walk, haere.
wall, pakitara. false, teka.
fall, hinga. war, pakanga.
talk, korero. swarm, mui.page 6
jaw, kauwae. dawn, puaotanga.
law, ture. shawl, hooro.
saw, kani. straw, kakau-witi.
cause, take. fraud, maminga.
caught, i hopu. sauce, kinaki.
4.
babe, kohungahunga name, ingoa.
face, kanolii. tape, teepa.
lace, tau tuitui. mate, hoa.
place, wahi. save, whakaora.
shade, taumarumarutanga. blaze, mura.
page, wharangi pukapuka. bathe, kaukau.
make, hanga. strange, tauhou.
male, tane. mare, hoiho uha.
faith, whakapono. plain, mània.
hail, ua-whatu. praise, whakamoemiti.
maid, kotiro. day, ra.
pain, mamae. lay, whakatakoto.
paint, peita. stay, noho.
strain, tàtari. stray, kotiti.
hair, makawe. fair, ataahua.

E.

1
bed, moenga. tent, teneti.
leg, loaewae. trench, awakeri.page 7
egg, hua manu. nest, kohanga.
neck, kaki. guest, manuhiri.
help, awhina. fence, taiepa.
bend, piko. twelve, tekau-ma-rua.
death, m´tenga. breast, uma.
lead, mataa. sweat, kakawa.
breath, manawa. wealth, taonga.
friend hoa-aroha
2.
eve, ahiahi. pre-cede, haere i mua.
here, ki konei. se-crete, huna.
3.
deep, hohonu. cheek, paparinga.
feed, whangai. speech, reo.
teeth, nilio. wheel, wiira.
breeze, hau. squeeze, tatau.
sneeze, matihe. fleece, paraikete hipi.
4.
sea, moana. teach, whakaako.
tea, ti. speak, korero.
beak, ngutu manu. ear, taringa.
lead, arahi. fear, mataku.
feast, hakari. beard, pahau.
peace, rongo mau. grease, hinu.
please, whakamanawareka. breathe, ta te manawa.
5.
deceit, mahi maminga. seize, hopu.
page 8
6.
fern, rau-aruhe. perch, taunga manu.
herd, kahui. stern, kei waka.
earth oneone. pearl, peara.
learn, ako. search, rapu.
7.
eight, e waru. vein, uaua.
rein, tau paraire. weigh, pauna.
veil, arai kanohi. weight, taimaha.
grey, tu-a-mangu. they, ratou.
8.
dew, haunui. new, hou.
few, ouou. chew, ngaungau.
hew, hahau. ewe, hipi uha.
beauty, ataahuatanga.

I.

1.
fill, whakaki. milk, waiu.
ditch, awa-keri. drink, inu.
kick, whana. thick, matotoru
lift, hapai. thing, mea.
live, ora. give, hoatu.
build, hanga-whare. guilt, hara.
2.
birth, whanautanga sir, e kara.page 9
bird, manu. shirt, haate.
firm, u. stir, korikori.
first, tuatahi. third, tuatoru
3.
bind, hohou. thigh, huha.
mind, hinengaro. fight, whawhai.
child, tamaiti. light, màrama.
wild, maaka. night, po.
4.
die, mate tupapaku. ripe, maoa.
time, taima.
lie, takoto. knife, maripi.
tie, here. price, utu.
ice, huka-tio. wife, hoa wahine.
bite, ngau. writhe, takawhiti-whiti.
dive, ruku.
my, taku. fly, rere.
cry, tangi. try, whakamatau.
buy, huko. guide, arahi.
eye, kanohi.

O.

1.
dog, kuri. not, kahore.
fog, kohu. lost, ngaro.
hot, wera. cross, ripeka.
long, roa. wrong, he.
cord, taura. storm, tupahi.
corn, kaanga. horse, hoiho.
page 10
2.
old, tawhito. most, te nuinga.
cold, matao. post, pou.
roll, takahuri. ghost, wairua.
bow, kopere. know, màtau.
low, hakahaka. snow, hukarere.
bowl, peihana. growth, tupuranga.
doze, tunewha. clothe, whakakakahu.
pole, toko. grove, uru rakau.
rope, taura. stone, kowhatu.
hoe, kaheru. toe, matikara waewae.
bore, wiri. shore, tahatai.
more, nui atu. force, kaha.
boat, poti. foam, huka-tai.
coal, waro kowhatu. loaf, rohi.
soap, hopi.
coast, akau.
door, tatau. floor, papa-takatakahi.
3.
do, mea. move, neke.
who, a wai. shoe, hu.
tomb, urupa. whose, na wai.
book, pukapuka. good, pai.
cook, tao kia maoa. look, titiro.page 11
foot, waewae. wood, rakau.
loose, tangatanga. goose, kuihi.
cool, mataotao. root, pakiaka.
food, kai. school, kura.
moon, marama. smooth, maeneene.
you, koe. youth, taitamariki.
4.
come, haere mai. sponge, hautai.
dove, kukupa. tongue, arero.
love, aroha. one, kotahi.
some, tetahi. once, tua-kotahi.
son, tama. word, kupu.
month, marama. work, mahi.
blood, toto. flood, waipuke.
rough, taratara. touch, pa.
tough, uaua. young, tamariki.
5.
bow, piko. owl, ruru.
how, pewhea. brown, pakàkà.
now, aianei. gown, kaone.
thou, koe. cloud, kapua.
out, ki waho. doubt, ngakauruarua
shout, hamama. drought, tau-raki.
house, whare. mouse, kiore.
flour, paraoa. sour, kawa.
page 12
6.
oil, hinu. hoist, huhuti.
coil, pokai. moist, màkù.
join, hono. point, matamata.
voice, reo. noise, turituri.
boy, tamaiti tane. joy, koa.

U.

but, otira. dust, puehu.
tub, taapu. rust, waikura.
brush, paraihe. lump, pokuru.
hunt, whaiwhai. trunk, tinana.
judge, kai-whakawa. grudge, kaihakere.
burn, tahu. nurse, kai-hiki.
hurt, whakamamae. curse, kanga.
2.
full, ki. bush, urupuia.
pull, kukume. push, pana.
blue, mangu puru. flute, koauau.
true, pono. cure, whakaora.
rule, ruri. pure, para-kore.
brute, kararehe. sure, tùturu.
fruit, hua rakau. juice, wai-hua.

II.

Ingoa.

Ki te veo Maori, i te mea e whakahuatia ana te ingoa o tetahi mea mo te mea kotahi, mo nga mea maha ranei, e tuturu tonu ana rga reta; kahore he reta e whaka- page 13 putaia ketia ana, kahore hoki he reta e apititia ana mai. Ki te reo English ia, e rere ke ana te whakakuatanga mo te mea kotahi, e rere ke ana ano mo nga mea e maha atu ana i te kotahi. Te kupu mo te mea kotahi, e kiia ana he singular; te kupu mo nga mea e maha atu ana i te kotahi, e kiia ana he plural.

1. Te tikanga mo te tini o te kupu, he apiti mai i te s, kia mohiotia he maha nga mea e korerotia ana; ina hoki enei;

Singular. Plural.
(mo te mea kotahi.) (mo nga mea maha.)
hook, books, pukapuka.
house, houses, whare.
tree, trees, rakau.
father, fathers, pàpà.

2. I te mea ko tetahi o enei reta, s, x, sh, eh, o, te reta whakamutunga ka apititia mai he es, ina hoki enei;

Singular. Plural.
lass, lasses, kotiro.
box, boxes, pouaka.
fish, fishes, ika.
church, churches, hahi.
potato, potatoes, riwai.

3. I te mea he y te reta whakamutunga, ka whakarerea te y, ka whakanohoia ketia he ies, ina hoki enei;

Singular. Plural.
fly, flies, namu.
baby, babies, kohungahunga.
body, bodies, tinana.
copy, copies, tauira.
pony, ponies, hoiho iti.
Otira ki te mea he ay, he ey, he oy, he uy, nga reta page 14 whakamutunga, ko te s kau e apititia mai, ina hoki enei :
Singular. Plural.
day, days, rangi.
valley, valleys, awaawa.
boy, boys, tamariki tane.
4. I te mea he f, he fe ranei, te whakamutunga, ka whakarerea aua reta, ka whakanohoia ketia ves, ina hoki enei :
Singular. Plural.
calf, calves, kuao-kau.
shelf, shelves, papa-kapata.
leaf, leaves, rau.
knife, knives, maripi.
wife, wives, hoa-wahine.

Ko etahi ia e apititia kautia ana ki te s;

Singular. Plural.
hoof, hoofs, matikuku hoiho &c.
roof, roofs, tuanui.
cliff, cliffs, pari.
chief, chiefs, rangatira.

5. Tenei hoki etahi, i poka ke noa atu te tikanga;

Singular. Plural.
man, men, tangata.
woman, women, wàhine.
foot, feet, waewae.
tooth, teeth, niho.
goose, geese, kuihi.
louse, lice, kutu.
mouse, mice, kiore nohinohi.
child, children, tamariki.page 15
ox, oxen, okiha.
sheep, sheep, hipi.

Nouns for exercise in the formation of plurals:

Chair, cage, ass, flash, berry, loaf, bay, hedge, floor, dress, sty, dish, cargo, wedge, table, cross, dray, match, loaf, wall, judge, bush, gully, watch, sheaf, perch, hill, voice, folly, half, key, fence, ditch, field, wolf, horse, fox, river, dunce.

Singular. Plural.
He, a, an. He, ——
Te, the. Nga, the
Tenei, this. Enei, these.
Tena, that. Ena, those.
Tera, that. Era, those.
Taku, my Aku my.
Toku, my Oku, my.
Tau, thy, your. Au, thy, your.
Tou, thy, your. Ou, thy, your.
Tana, his, her. Ana, his, her.
Tona, his, her. Ona, his, her.
Ta maua, our. A maua, our.
Ta taua, our. A taua, our.
Ta matou, our. A matou, our.
Ta tatou, our. A tatou, our.
To maua, our. O maua, our.
To taua, our. O taua, our.
To matou, our. O matou, our.
To tatou, our. O tatou, our.
Ta korua, your. A korua, your.
Ta koutou, your. A koutou, your.
To korua, your. O korua, your.
To koutou, your. O koutou, your.page 16
Ta raua, their. A raua, their.
Ta ratou, their. A ratou, their.
To raua, their. O raua, their.
To ratou, their. O ratou, their.
he whare, a house. he whare, houses.
he pouaka, a box. he pouaka, boxes.
he maripi, a knife. he maripi, knives.
he tinana, a body. he tinana, bodies.
he kanohi, an eye. he kanohi, eyes.
he tuke, an elbow. he tuke, elbows.
te whare, the house. nga whare, the houses.
te pouaka, the box. nga pouaka, the boxes.
te maripi, the knife. nga maripi, the knives.
te tinana, the body. nga tinana, the bodies.
te kanohi, the eye. nga kanohi, the eyes.
te tuke, the elbow. nga tuke, the elbows.
tenei whare, this house. enei whare, these houses.
tena pouaka that box. ena pouaka, those boxes.
tera maripi, that knife. era maripi, those knives.
tenei tinana, this body. enei tinana, these bodies.
tena kanohi, that eye. ena kanohi, those eyes.
tera tuke, that elbow. era tuke, those elbows.
toku whare, my house. oku whare, my houses.
taku pouaka, my box. aku pouaka, my boxes.
toku waewa, my foot. oku waewae, my feet.
taku maripi, my knife. aku maripi, my knives.
toku kanohi, my eye. oku kanohi, my eyes.
taku toki, my axe. aku toki, my axes.page 17
tou whare, your house. ou whare, your houses.
tau pouaka, your box. au pouaka, your boxes.
tona waewae. his foot. ona waewae, his feet.
tona waewae. her foot. ona waewae, her feet.
tana maripi, his knife. ana maripi, his knives.
tana maripi, his knife. ana maripi, his knives.
tou kanohi, your eye. ou kanohi, your eyes.
tana toki, his axe, ana toki, his axes.
tana toki, her axe, ana toki, his axes.
Singular.
to maua whare, our house.
ta taua pouaka, our box.
ta matou kaipuke, our ship.
ta tatou rakau, our tree.
to korua pàpà, your father.
ta koutou hoiho, your horse.
ta raua tamaiti, their child.
to ratou whaea, their mother.
Plural.
o maua whare, our houses.
a taua pouaka, our boxes.
a matou kaipuke, our ships.
a tatou rakau, our trees.
o korua p´p´, your fathers.
a koutou hoiho, your horses.
a raua tamariki, their children.
o ratou whaea, their mothers.

Ka korerotia tetahi wahi o tetahi mea, tetahi mea ranei a tetahi tangata, tenei nga tohu ki te reo Maori he a, he o, he ta, he to : tena, ki te reo English, he s te page 18 tohu, i apititia mai ki te reta whakamutunga, me tetahi comma (kama) ki runga, ki te taha ki mani o te s.

Ta Hoani pukapuka, John's book.
Nga waewae o te hoiho, the horse's legs.
Te whare o nga tangata, the men's house.

Ki te mea he s te reta whakamutunga e kore e tuhituhia tetahi s, engari ko te comma anake; e whakahuatia ana ano ia te s.

Nga pukapuka a Hemi, James's books.
Nga taringa o nga kuri. the dogs' ears.
Te waka o aku teina, my brothers' canoe.
Te kàinga o toku matua, my father's home.
Te kàinga o oku màtua, my fathers' home.
Te waero o te kuri, the dog's tail.
Nga waero o nga kuri, the dogs' tails.
To tenei tangata ringaringa, this man's hand.
Te mahi a ana tamariki, his children's work.
Te punga o tenei kaipuke, this ship's anchor.
Nga kohanga o era manu, those birds' nests.

Tenei ano tetahi kupu, ko te of, he rite tonu ki te a, ki te o; ki te mauria ko tenei, ka whakarerea te s me tona comma.

Te kainga o oku mùtua, the home of my fathers.
Te ringaringa o tenei tangata, the hand of this man.
Te waewae o to raua hoiho, the leg of their horse.
Te taupoki o tana pouaka, the lid of her box.
Nga whare o o raua tuahine, the houses of their sisters.
Te kai a a korua tamariki, the food of your children.
Te potae o te tamaiti a tona tungane. the hat of her brother's child.page 19
To tau o te potae o te tamaiti a tona tungane, the string of her brother's child's hat.

Tetahi kupu e peneitia ana me te of ko te for; ki te reo Maori, he mo, he ma.

He hoiho mo Hemi, a horse for James.
Te mahi ma Tamati, the work for Thomas.
He potae mo te tamaiti nei, a hat for this child.
Nga toki ma ena tangata, the axes for those men.
He tatau mo o ratou whare, doors for their houses.
Nga pukapuka ma enei tamariki, the books for these children.
ahau, I.
koe, thou, you.
ia (he (mo te tane).
ia she (mo te wahine).
maua, taua, we
matou, tatou, we
korua, koutou, ye, you.
raua, ratou, they.

Tenei ano tetahi kupu a te Pakeha it; kahore a te tangata Maori kupu hei rite. Ko ta te tangata Maori kupu ko te ia; mo te tane tena—mo te wahine—mo nga mea manawa ora.

Na ko nga mea e kore nei e whai manawa ora, ko te whare—ko te rakau—kowhatu—ko te aha, kahore e tika mo era te ia. Erangi ko ta te Pakeha ko te it; te kupu tika mo nga mea katoa e kore nei e kiia he tane, he wahine.

Engari kei nga tamariki ririki e kore nei e whakaarohia he tane ranei he wahine ranei, ka tika: kei nga page 20 reme hoki, kei nga kuao, kei nga manu, e kore e whakaarohia, he toa, he uwha, kei reira ka tika te it.

ma-ku, mo-ku, for me.
ma-u, mo-u, for you.
ma-na, mona, for him (mo te tane).
ma-na, mo-na, for her (mo te wahine).
ma maua, ma taua, for us.
mo maua, mo tana, for us.
ma matou, ma tatou, for us.
mo matou, mo tatou, for us.
ma korua, ma koutou, for you.
mo korua, mo koutou, for you.
ma raua, ma ratou, for them.
mo raua, mo ratou, for them.
He kainga moku, a home for me.
He whare mou, a house for you.
He hoiho mona, a horse for him.
He hoiho mona, a horse for her.
Nga pukapuka ma maua, the books for us.
Nga told ma tatou, the axes for us.
Te kai ma korua, the food for you.
Nga whare mo koutou, the houses for you.
Te mahi ma raua, the work for them.
He pouaka ma ratou, boxes for them.
he aha? what?
a wai? who?
mo wai? for whom?
ma wai? for whom?
Singular. Plural.
to wai? whose? o wai? whose?
ta wai? whose? a wai? whose?
tehea? which? chea? which?
page 21
he pukapuka ma wai? a book for whom?
he potae mo wai? a hat for whom?
to wai ringaringa? whose hand?
tehea whare? which house?
he potae mo te tamaiti a wai? a hat for whose child?
o wai ringaringa? whose hands?
ehea whare? which houses?
he tatau mo nga whare o wai? doors for whose houses?

III.

Adjectives.

Te tikanga o etahi kupu, he whakaatu i te tu o tenei mea, o tera mea. Ka whakahuatia ko te ingoa kau o te tangata, o te rakau, o te whare, o te pouaka, e kore e mohiotia, he mea pewhea ranei, he mea pewhea ranei; tena, ka kiia, he tangata pai, he rakau roa, he whare nui he pouaka taimaha, ka matauria te tu o te mea e korerotia ana.

roa, tall. nui, large.
ataahua, beautiful. iti, small, little.
taimaha, heavy. matotoru, thick.
tawhito, old. mangu, black.
hou, new. pai, good.
kaha, strong. reka, sweet.
he tangata roa, a tall man.
he wahine ataahua, a beautiful woman,
enei rakau nunui, these large trees.
tena pouaka iti, that small box.
era kowhatu taimaha, those heavy stones.page 22
taku pukapuka matotoru, my thick book.
tona whare tawhito, his old house.
o raua potae mangu, their black hats.
ta ratou mahi pai, their good work.
he tatau pai mo to ratou whare hou, a good door for their new house.
nga hoiho kaha a tenei tangata pai, this good man's strong horses.
te kai reka ma ta raua kotiro iti, the sweet food for their little girl.
Adjectives for exercise.
poto, short. maroke, dry.
kino, bad. màkù, wet.
ma, white. wera, hot.
kawa, bitter. matao, cold.
màrò, hard. ma, white.
ngawari, soft. whero, red,
tika, straight, maeneene, smooth.
hape, crooked. taratara, rough.
ngoikore, weak. ngenge, weary.
màmà, light. mate, sick.

Number.

kotahi, one.
e rua, two.
e toru, three.
e wha, four.
e rima, five.
e ono, six.
e whitu, seven.
c waru, eight.page 23
e iwa, nine.
kotahi tekau, ten.
kotahi tekau ma tahi, eleven.
kotahi tekau ma rua, twelve.
kotahi tekau ma toru, thirteen.
kotahi tekau ma wha, fourteen.
kotahi tekau ma rima, fifteen.
kotahi tekau ma ono, sixteen.
kotahi tekau ma whitu, seventeen.
kotahi tekau ma waru, eighteen.
kotahi tekau ma iwa, nineteen.
e rua tekau, twenty.
e rua tekau ma tahi, twenty-one.
e rua tekau ma rua, twenty-two.
e rua tekau ma toru, twenty-three.
e toru tekau, thirty.
e wha tekau, forty.
e rima tekau, fifty.
e ono tekau, sixty.
e whitu tekau, seventy.
e waru tekau, eighty.
e iwa tekau, ninety.
kotahi rau, one hundred.
kotahi rau ma rima, one hundred and five,
kotahi rau kotahi tekau, one hundred and ten.
kotahi rau kotahi tekau ma toru, one hundred and thirteen.
e rua rau, two hundred.
e rua rau e rima tekau ma whitu, two hundred and fifty-seven.
e rima rau, five hundred.
kotahi mano, one thousand.page 24
e hia? how many?
nga tangata tokorima, the five men.
enei wahine kotahi tekau ma rua. these twelve women.
era rakau nunui e rua tekau, those twenty large trees.
ana pukapuka matotoru e iwa, his nine thick books.
nga kowhatu taimaha e toru tekau ma wha, the thirty-four heavy stones.
he hoiho mo nga tangata horses for the two hundred
e rua rau e rima tekau ma tahi, and fifty-one men.
te tuatahi, the first.
te tuarua, the second.
te tuatoru, the third.
te tuawha, the fourth.
te tuarima, the fifth.
te tuaono, the sixth.
te tuawhitu, the seventh.
te tuawaru, the eighth.
te tuaiwa, the ninth.
te tekau, the tenth.
te tekau ma tahi, the eleventh.
te tekau ma rua, the twelfth.
te tekau ma toru, the thirteenth.
te tekau ma wha, the fourteenth.
te tekau ma rima, the fifteenth.
te tekau ma ono, the sixteenth.
te tekau ma whitu, the seventeenth.
te tekau ma waru, the eighteenth.page 25
te tekau ma iwa, the nineteenth.
te rua tekau, the twentieth.
te rua tekau ma tahi, the twenty-first.
te rua tekau ma rua, the twenty-second.
te rua tekau ma toru, the twenty-third.
te toru tekau, the thirtieth.
te wha tekau, the fortieth.
te rima tekau, the fiftieth.
te ono tekau, the sixtieth.
te whitu tekau, the seventieth.
te waru tekau, the eightieth.
te iwa tekau, the ninetieth.
te rau, the hundredth.
te tangata tuatahi, the first man.
te pukapuka tuarua, the second book.
te toru o nga ra, the third day.
te tekau o nga ra, the tenth day.

Te tekau ma rua o nga ra o Hanuere.—The twelfth day of January.

Te ono o nga ra o Aperira.—The sixth day of April.

Te tekau ma iwa o nga ra o Hune.—The nineteenth day of June.

Te rua tekau o nga ra o Hepetema.—The twentieth day of September.

Te rua tekau ma waru o nga ra o Nowema.—The twenty-eighth day of November.

Te toru tekau ma tahi o nga ra o Tihema.—The thirty-

first day of December.

IV.

Am. is. was. Were.

Tenei etahi kupu, am, is, are; me enei, was, were. page 26 Kahore a te tangata Maori kupu hei rite mo enei; engari ma te titiro, ma te whakaaro ake, ka kitea ai te tikanga o tenei kupu, o tenei kupu. Ma te the tonu ki te korero i nga kupu e mau nei ka hohoro ai te mohio ki te tikanga o enei kupu.

He whare pai tenei, this is a good house.

He pai tenei whare, this house is good.

Ko toku whare tenei, this is my house.

Mo Hemi tera whare, that house is for James.

No ratou te whare, the house is theirs.

Kei Tauranga a Hoani, John is at Tauranga.

Kei roto i te whare te pukapuka, the book is in the house.

E ora ana a Pita, Peter is well.

Ko ena kupu, mo te mea kotahi, ara mo te whare kotahi, mo te pukapuka kotahi, mo te tangata kotahi, na reira i tika ai te is; ki te malia ia nga mea e korerotia ana, heoi ano te kupu tika ko te are.

He whare pai enei, these are good houses.

He pai enei whare, these houses are good.

Ko o matou whare enei, these are our houses.

Mo Herni raua ko Hoani enei whare e rua, these two houses are for James and John.

No ratou nga whare, the houses are theirs.

Kei Tauranga a Hemi ratou ko Hoani, ko Ropata, James, John, and Robert are at Tauranga.

Kei roto i te whare nga pukapuka, the books are in the house.

E ora ana maua ko Pita, Peter and I are well.

Ko te are ano hoki te kupu tika hei hoa mo te you, ahakoa i whakahuatia mo te tangata kotahi, ahakoa mo te tokorua, me to te tokomaha ranei, ara, mo enei kupu Maori, koe, korua, koutou.

page 27

He tangata roa koe, you are a tall man.

E hiakai ana koe, yon are hungry.

No Waikato korua ko Tamati, yon and Thomas are from Waikato.

E ora ana koutou, you are well.

I te mea e korerotia ana te kupu penei, He tangata roa alum, e kore e tika te is, te are ranei, engari te am.

He tangata roa ahau, I am a tall man.

E mate-kai ana ahau, I am hungry.

No Akarana ahau, I am from Auckland.

Time.

Ko ena kupu i runga ake na, ko te am, ko te is, ko te are, mo naianei, ara, mo te wa i te tangata e korero ana; ina hoki tenei, I am hungry, mo toku matenga i te kai i a au e korero atu nei, chara i te mea mo te matenga i te kai inanahi, i tetahi atu takiwa ranei. Me tenei kupu hoki, The books are in the house, ehara i te mea mo te takotoranga o nga pukapuka ki roto ki te whare inanahi, inawhea ranei, engari mo naianei tonu. Tena ka korerotia nga mea o mua, ka whakarerea te am, te is, te are, ka mauria ketia ko te was, mo te mea kotahi, ko te were mo nga mea maha.

He whare pai tenei i tera tau, this teas a good house last year.

Noku tera whare inanahi, that house was mine yesterday.

I Tauranga a Hoani, John was at Tauranga.

I runga i te pouaka te pukapuka, the book was on the box.

He whare pai enei i tera tau, these were good houses last year.

No maua era whare inanahi, those houses were ours yesterday.

page 28

I Taupo a Hoani ratou ko Hemi, ko Tarnati, John, James and Thomas were at Taupo.

I runga i te tépu a maua pukapuka, our hooks were on the table.

noku, mine. nou, yours.
no maua, ours. no korua, yours.
no taua, ours. no koutou, yours.
no matou, ours. nona, his (tane).
no tatou, ours. nona, hers (wahine).
no raua, theirs.
no ratou, theirs.

Whakakore.

Te tino kupu whakakore, ko te not.

Ekara tenei i te pukapuka pai, this is not a good book.

Ehara korua i te tangata kaka, you are not strong men.

Ekara tenei i te wkare o Tamati, this is not Thomas's house.

Ehara i a ia era hoiho e rua, those two horses are not his.

Ehara i te mea mo Hoani raua ko Hohepa nga koti mangu, the black coats are not for John and Joseph.

Kahore a Hoani i Tauranga, John is not at Tauranga.

Kahore a Pita i te ora, Peter is not well.

Patai.

Ko ena korero katoa, he korero noa, ehara i te korero patai. Ki te waiho nga kupu pena kei kupu patai ka rere ke te takoto, ka whakawhitia ketia te am, te is, to are, te was, te were, ki te timatanga tonu o te korero.

He whare pai ranei tenei? Is this a good house?

E ora ana ranei a Rapata? Is Robert well?

Kei Tauranga ranei a Hoani? Is John at Tauranga?

page 29

E maeke ana ranei koe? Are you cold?

Kei roto ranei i te whare nga pukapuka? Are the books in the house?

Mo korua ranei enei whare e rua? Are these two houses for you?

I maeke ranei ia inanahi? Was he cold yesterday?

I Whanganui ranei a Rapata, ratou ko Hemi, ko Pita? Were Robert and James and Peter at Whanganui?

Ehara oti tena i te pukapuka nui? Is not that a large book?

Ehara oti i a koe ena kakahu? Are not those clothes yours?

Kahore oti a Hoani i roto i te whare inapo? Was not John in the house last night?

Kahore koutou i mate i te wai inanahi? Were not you thirsty yesterday?

a wai, who.
na wai, whose.
no wai, whose.
mo wai, for whom.
aha, what.
tehea, which.
ehea which.

Ko wai tena? Who is that?

Ko wai tena tangata? Who is that man?

Ko wai era wahine? Who are those women?

Na wai nga hoiho e rima? Whose are the five horses?

Ma wai ena pukapuka ataahua? For whom are those beautiful books?

Ko to wai whare tenei? Whose house is this?

He aha tenei? What is this?

page 30

He aha tera? What is that?

Ko tehea whare to raua? Which house is theirs?

Ko wai tou ingoa? What is your name?

Ko wai nga ingoa o era wahine tokotoru? What are the names of those three women?

Comparison.

Ka titiro te tangata ki nga mea e rua, ka kitea, e rite ana ranei tetahi ki tetaki, i neke ake ranei tetahi i tetahi. Ki te kitea, he rite, ko te kupu as; kia rua nga as.

Me te huka ano te reka.—As sweet as sugar.

Me te kowhatu ano te pakeke.—As hard as a stone.

Me te uira ano te kohoro.—As quick as lightning.

Rite tonu tenei papa ki tera te roa.—This plank is as long as that.

Ka kitea, ko tetahi i neke ake, ko tetahi i koki iko, te nui ranei, te pai ranei, te aha ranei; ko te toku, ko te er hei te mutunga o te kupu mo te nui, mo te pai mo te aha ranei, me tetaki atu kupu e apititia mai ana, ara me te than.

nui, large. nui ake, larger.
roa, long. roa ake, longer.
reka, sweet. reka ake, sweeter.

Nui atu te reka o tenei i to te huka.—This is sweeter than sugar.

He roa ke tena ara i tenei.—That road is longer than this.

Erangi a Hoani i a Hemi, e kaka ana.—John is stronger than James.

Nui atu tera rakau i tenei.—That tree is larger than this.

page 31

Ka kite ko tetahi i tino neke ake o nga mea katoa e tirohia ana, ko te est te tohu, hei te mutunga mai o te kupu.

Ko te nui tenei o nga rakau katoa.—This is the largest of all the trees.

Ko Hoani te tino tamaiti roa o te kura.—John is the tallest boy m the school.

Apopo te tino ra roa o te tau.—To-morrow is the longest day in the year.

Tokorima matou nei, he kaha kau matou, ko te tino kaha rawa ko Hoani.—There are five of us, and we are all strong, but John is the strongest of all.

Tenei etahi kupu e rere ke ana.

pai, good; pai atu, better; pai rawa, best.
kino, bad; kino atu, worse; kino rawa, worst.
iti, little; iti iho, less; iti rawa, least.
malia, many; malia atu, more; malia rawa, most.

Very; Rawa.

Tetahi kupu mo te rawa, ko te very, mo nga whaka-huatanga penei me enei i raro iho nei.

He tino pouri rawa te po nei.—This night is very dark.

He taimaha rawa tenei peeke.—This bag is very heavy.

He nui rawa toku hiakai.—I am very hungry.

He nui rawa tona ngenge.—He is very tired.

George Didsurry, Kai-ta o te Kawanatanga, Ponete, Niu Tireni.