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The Pamphlet Collection of Sir Robert Stout: Volume 14

Our Indian Empire

page 109

Our Indian Empire.

Important Dates in the History of British Power in India.

Sir Francis Drake's expedition, 1579.

Levant Co.'s Land expedition, 1580.

First commercial venture from England, 1591. (Three ships fitted out: one reached India.)

First Charter to the London Co. of Merchants, 1600. (Stock £72,000: 4 ships fitted out.) Charter renewed 1609, 1657, 1661, 1693, 1744.

Factories established at Surat, 1612.

Madras founded 1640 : made a Presidency, 1652.

Bombay ceded as part of dowry of Queen Catherine (Charles Second). 1662.

French settle at Pondicherry, 1668.

Calcutta purchased, 1698.

New East India Co. established, 1708.

Clive takes Arcot, 1751.

Surajah Dowla seizes Calcutta: (146 English crammed into the Black Hole Prison, 18 feet square, whence only 23 came forth alive next morning, 20th June), 1756.

Calcutta retaken by Clive, 2nd January, 1757.

Battle of Plassey, 23rd June, 1757.

Hyder Ali usurps Mysore, 1763-4.

Conquest of Patna, 1763.

Nabob of Oude subjected, 1765.

Clive obtains the Dewani by imperial grant, the Co. becoming receivers of the revenues of Bengal, Behar, and Orissa : a virtual British sovereignty of all these countries, 12th August, 1765.

Treaty with Nizam Ali. Northern Circars obtained, 1766.

Hyder Ali ravages the Carnatic, 1769.

Affairs of the East India Co. brought before Parliament, and a series of crimes and intrigues exposed. Warren Hastings Governor of Bengal, 1772.

India Bill provides resident Governor-Generalship in Bengal, to which other Presidencies subordinated. Supreme Court of Judicature at Calcutta : and all territorial correspondence henceforth to be laid before British Ministry, June, 1773.

Accusations against Warren Hastings, 1775—1795 (when acquitted).

Hyder Ali defeats the British, 1780.

Hyder Ali overthrown by Coote, 1782.

Tippoo Saib succeeds Hyder, and captures Cuddalore and Bednore, 1783.

Pitt establishes the Board of Control, to aid and control the executive of India, and superintend its territorial concerns, 1784.

Civil and Criminal Courts established, 1793.

Tippoo killed. Seringapatam captured and Mysore divided, 1799.

The Carnatic conquered, 1800.

The Nabob cedes Furruckabad territories, 1802.

Mahratta War. Wellesley's victory at Assaye, 1803.

War with Holkar. Bhurtpore taken, 1805.

Trade with India thrown open, 1813.

War with Nepaul (Ghoorkas forced to treaty), 1814—1816.

Pindaree War (successful), 1817—1818.

Burmese War. A great territory ceded and £1,000,000 indemnity paid, 1824-1826.

Malacca ceded by the Dutch in exchange for Bencoolen in Sumatra, 1824.

Singapore purchased, 1824.

Suttee (widow burning) abolished, 1829.

Trade to China thrown open, 1833.

Annexation of Coorg, 1834.

Afghan War with Dost Mahomed, 1838—1840.

Rising at Cabul. Murder of Burnes and Macnaghten, 1841.

Cabul evacuated under convention with Akbar Khan, who massacres 16,000 men, women, and children, and holds Lady Sale and others as hostages 6-13 January (rescued 21st September), 1842.

Scinde War. Battle of Meanee. Annexation of the Province by Sir Charles Napier, 1843.

Gwalior captured, 1843.

Danish Indian possessions purchased, 1815.

Sikh War. Lahore and Mooltan taken, and the Punjab annexed. Dhuleep Singh pensioned at £40,000 per annum, 1845—9.

Burmese War. Pegu annexed, 1851-2.

Nana Sahib (nephew of the ex-Peishwa of the Mahrattas) is refused continuance of his uncle's pension of £80,000, 1851.

First Indian Railway (Bombay to Tannah), 1853.

Nagpoor territories fall to the East India Co., on death of the Rajah, 1853.

Oude annexed, 1856.

Mutiny of the Native Army. In three months 30,000 men disbanded or deserted. Fearful outrages committed. Delhi seized from May to September. £433,620 collected for the widows and orphans of nine massacred garrisons and others. East India Company's government ceases, and the Queen proclaimed throughout India, 1857-8.

Guerilla disturbances under Tantia Topee and Nana Sahib finally suppressed, 1859.

Awful famine in N.W. Provinces, £114,807 raised by Mansion House Fund, 1861.

Great increase in Cotton cultivation, 1862.

Orissa famine, 1,500,000 persons perish. Official Report: the authorities blamed, 1866.

Assassination of Lord Mayo, the Viceroy (8th Feb.) £20,000 granted to children, and £1,000 a year to Lady Mayo, 1872.

Bengal famine. £125,000 raised in London. £6,500,000 expended on relief works by Government, and the famine kept under, 1874.

Queen proclaimed Empress of India at Delhi, 1st January, 1877.

Madras famine. Loan of £5,000,000authorized. 919,771 persons employed, and 1,326,971 gratuitously relieved. In London £515,200 raised by fund, 1877.

Native troops sent to Malta and removed to Cyprus, 1878.

Afghan War. The passes finally occupied, 1879.

REVENUE. Accounts, Revised Estimates, 1884-5. 1885-86.

I.—The Indian Balance Sheet (Revenue and Expenditure) for 1884-85.

page 110

REVENUE. Accounts, 1884.85. Revised Estimates, 1885.86.

(In millions and decimals of millions, 0,000 being omitted. Values taken at 2s. the Government Rupee). Revenue. Expenditure OfficialYears ended. Land Revenue Opium. Taxes. Public Works. c Tributes and other Receipts Total. Direct Claims on the Revenue, Charges of Collection, &c. Civil Administration. g Internet. Army Public Works. h Famine Miscellaneous Total. Surplus of Income. deficit of Income.

II.—Indian Revenue, Expenditure, Surpluses, and Deficits for 46 Years.

page 111

Indian Revenue, Expenditure, &c.—Continued. Revenue. Expenditure. Official Years ended. land revenue.c Opium. Taxes.d Public Works.c tributes and other receipts.f Total. Direct Claims on the Revenue. Charges of Collection, &c. Civil Administration.g Interest. Army. public Works.h Famine. Miscellaneous.i Total. Surplus of Income. deficit of Income.

In millions and decimals of millions, 0,000 being omitted. Values taken at 2s. the Government Rupee). Imports. Exports. Official Years ended. Debt Total Guaranteed Capital raised by Railway Companies to end of Year. Total Outlay of Capital on other Produtive Public Works to end of the Year.† Miles of open railway.‡ Merchandise. Merchandise. Net Exports of Total Trade.

III.—Indian Debt, Imports and Exports (values), Railways, and Productive Works for 46 Years.

page 112

Total Guaranteed capital Raised by Railway Companies to end of Tear. Total Outlay of Capital on other Productive Public Works to end of Year. † Miles of open Railway. ‡ Imports. Exports. Merchandise, Merchandise.

IV.—Area and Population of India, including Native States.
Presidencies and Provinces under the Administration of Area in Square Miles. Number of Towns and Villages. Number of occupied. Population, Census of 1881. Density of Population to Square Mile. Population according to previous Census.
The Governor-General of India:
Ajmere and Mhairwara 2,711 739 64,118 460,722 169.9 396,331
Berar 17,711 5,585 466,027 2,672,673 150.9 2,227,654
Coorg 1,583 503 22,357 178,302 112.6 168,312
Andaman Islands (Port Blair) 880 51 2,938 14,628* 16.6 13,908
Governors:
Madras 139,900 52,051 5,653,082 30,868,504 220.6 31,281,177
Bombay (including Sind and Aden) 124,192 24,605 2,827,995 16,489,274 132.7 16,308,343
Lieutenant-Governors:
Bengal 150,588 248,706 10,548,947 66,691,456 442.8 60,483,775
North-West Provinces and Oudh 106,111 105,422 6,866,503 44,107,869 415.6 42,002,518
Punjab 106,632 34,324 2,706,914 18,850,437 176.7 17,609,518
Chief Commissioners:
Assam 46,341 22,408 859,388 4,881,426 105.3 4,124,972
British Burma 87,220 15,857 677,362 3,736,771 42.8 2,747,148
Central Provinces 84,445 34,612 2,336,976 9,838,791 116.5 8,173,824
Total British Territory 868,314 644,862 33,032,607 198,790,853 228.9 185,537,859
Native States:
Baroda 8,570 3,012 479,643 2,185,005 254.7 2,004,442
Central India Agency 75,079 31,506 1,661,434 9,261,907 123.4
Hyderabad 81,807 20,398 1,859,600 9,845,594 120.3
Mysore 24,723 17,655 733,200 4,186,188 169.3 5,055,412
Rajputana Agency 129,750 30,001 2,101,451 10,268,392 79.1
Bengal 36,634 16,059 487,827 2,845,405 77.6 2,221,943
North-West Provinces 5,125 3,322 125,907 741,750 144.2 638,720
Punjab 35,817 18,546 655,392 3,861,683 107.8
Central Provinces 28,834 11,242 375,283 1,709,720 59.3 1,049,710
Madras 9,638 4,971 685,447 3,344,849 347.0 3,260,493
Bombay 73,753 13,191 1,351,367 6,941,249 94.1 6,801,440
Total Native States 509,730 169,903 10,516,551 55,191,742 108.2
Grand Total India 1,378,044 714,765 43,549,158 253,982,595 184.3
V.—Distribution of the Population of India according to Religion.
Presidencies. Provinces, and States. Hindus. Mahomedans. Aboriginals. Buddhists. Christians. Sikhs. Jains. Parsis. Jews. Others. Total.
Ajmere 376,029 57,809 2,225 182 24,308 75 94 460,722
Assam 3,062,148 1,317,022 488,251 6,563 7,093 14 158 177 4,881,426
Bengal 45,452,806 21,704,724 2,055,822 155,809 128,135 549 1,609 156 1,059 36,192 69,536,861
Berar 2,425,654 187,555 37,338 1 1,335 525 20,020 242 3 2,672,673
Bombay 17,834,985 3,774,360 931,894 12 145,154 127,130 498,443 73,973 9,023 689 23,395,663
British Burma 88,177 168,881 3,251,584 84,219 5 83 204 143,618 3,736,771
Central Provinces 8,703,110 285,687 1,753,917 17 11,973 99 45,911 399 63 747,335 11,548,511
Coorg 162,489 12,541 3,152 99 21 178,302
Madras 28,497,666 1,933,571 1,546 711,072 24,962 143 30 1,641 31,170,631
North-West Provinces, including Oudh 38,555,121 6,162,900 103 47,673 3,644 79,957 114 101 6 44,849,619
Punjab 9,252,295 11,662,434 3,251 33,699 1,716,114 42,678 465 1,184 22,712,120
Baroda 1,852,868 174,980 101,522 771 40,718 8,118 28 2,185,005
Central India 7,800,396 510,718 891,424 7,065 1,455 49,824 916 38 71 9,261,907
Cochin 429,324 33,344 136,361 1,249 600,278
Hyderabad 8,893,181 925,929 13,614 3,664 8,521 638 47 9,845,594
Mysore 3,956,336 200,484 9 29,249 41 47 1 21 4,180,188
Rajputana 8,839,243 861,747 166,343 1,294 9 378,672 7 21,077 10,268,392
Travancore 1,755,610 146,909 498,542 97 2,401,158
Total 187,937,438 50,121,595 6,426,511 8,418,895 1,862,626 1,853,426 1,221,885 58,397 12,009 952,039 253,891,821

Note.—The total of all religions here given differs from the total population in the previous Table, owing to the exclusion of Aden and Port Blair.

page 113

VI.—Statistics of Education in India, 1881.

Males. Females.
Presidencies. Provinces, and States. Under Instruction. Not under Instruction and able to Read and Write. Not under Instruction and unable to Read and Write. Unspecified. Total Males. Under Instruction. Not under Instruction and able to Read and Write. Not under Instruction and unable to Read and Write. Unspecified. Total Females.
Ajmere 5,697 24,486 218,661 ... 248,844 245 963 210,670 ... 211,878
Assam 33,370 79,644 2,300,833 89,850 2,503,703 1,008 1,786 2,280,085 88,784 2,377,723
Bengal 1,009,999 1,991,583 31,480,186 143,823 34,025,591 35,760 61,149 34,691,477 122,584 34,911,270
Berar 27,347 57,827 1,295,318 ... 1,380,492 356 789 1,291,036 ... 1,292,181
Bombay 353,490 939,494 10,695,073 81,410 12,070,073 21,193 37,793 11,199,489 67,115 11,325,590
British Burma 215,237 701,828 1,073,940 ... 1,991,005 31,056 31,740 1,682,970 ... 1,745,766
Central Provinces 70,849 157,023 4,725,563 867,687 5,827,122 3,171 4,187 4,871,998 842,033 5,721,389
Coorg 4,268 8,839 87,332 ... 100,439 431 356 77,076 ... 77,863
Madras 519,823 1,535,790 12,843,296 522,134 15,421,043 39,104 94,571 15,120,570 495,343 15,749,588
N.W. Provinces and Oudh 302,337 1,044,464 21,950,454 ... 23,297,255 10,212 22,432 21,519,720 ... 21,552,364
Punjab 174,749 575,944 11,571,663 ... 12,322,856 6,537 9,209 10,373,958 ... 10,389,704
Baroda 21,810 99,408 1,018,166 68 1,139,512 514 1,512 1,043,449 18 1,045,493
Central India 3,397 12,898 37,909 4,828,619 4,882,823 619 1,318 34,070 4,342,477 4,379,084
Cochin ... ... ... 301,815 301,815 ... ... ... 298,463 298,403
Hyderabad 66,459 247,459 4,688,219 ... 5,002,137 1,366 3,596 4,838,495 ... 4,843,457
Mysore 64,733 169,965 1,851,144 ... 2,085,842 3,636 5,446 2,091,264 ... 2,100,346
Rajputana ... ... ... 5,544,665 5,514,665 ... ... ... 4,723,727 4,723,727
Travancore ... ... ... 1,197,134 1,197,134 ... ... ... 1,204,024 1,204,024
Total 2,879,571 7,646,712 105,838,357 13,577,211 129,941,851 155,268 277,207 111,332,927 12,184,568 123,919,970

VII.—Distribution of the Religious Denominations of the Population under Education.

Males. Females.
Presidencies. Provinces, and States. Under Instruction. Not under Instruction and able to Read and Write. Not under Instruction and unable to Read and Write. Unspecified. Total Males. Under Instruction. Not under Instruction and able to Read and Write. Not under Instruction and unable to Read and Write. Unspecified. Total Females.
Hindu 2,029,585 5,581,642 77,131,461 11,266,539 96,009,227 61,590 138,840 81,710,173 10,017,020 91,928,223
Mahomedan 510,449 967,154 23,1389,476 893,361 25,760,440 26,062 37,178 23,509,622 788,283 24,361,145
Aboriginal 5,343 5,386 2,432,303 775,398 3,218,430 839 531 2,445,710 761,001 3,208,081
Buddhist 201,860 650,914 879,564 38,840 1,771,178 26,190 25,063 1,501,312 35,141 1,047,706
Christian 61,639 180,194 406,475 820,580 968,888 33,712 61,028 481,219 317,787 893,746
Sikh 17,291 68,607 959,710 890 1,040,498 538 913 804.860 617 800,928
Jain 37,781 163,917 210,400 222,060 640,158 829 1,553 372,607 206,749 581,738
Jew 894 1,709 2,599 566 5,828 342 568 4,490 781 6,181
Parsi 9,585 22,113 11,775 125 43,598 4,331 11,050 20,313 105 41,799
Others 5,144 5,016 408,594 58,852 477,606 835 483 416,621 56,484 474,423
Total 2,879,571 7,646,712 105,838,357 13,577,211 129,941,851 155,268 277,207 111,332,927 12,184,568 123,949,970

VIII.—Seven Years' Imports (Quantities).

Official Years ended 31st March. Principal Articles. 1879. 1880. 1881. 1882. 1883. 1884. 1885.

page 114

IX.—Seven Years' Exports (Quantities).

Official Years ended 31st March. Principal Articles Exported. 1879. 1880. 1881. 1882. 1883. 1884. 1885.

X.—Taxation, Income, and Expenditure of Municipalities in the several Presidencies and Provinces.

Presidencies and Provinces. Years ending 3. Mar. Population within Municipal Limits. Income excluding Balances. Incidence per head of Population in Decimals of Rupee. Total Expenditure. (Tens of Rupees).
From Taxation. From other Sources. Total. Taxation. Total Income
India 1878 583,336 33,385 8,734 42,119 0.57 0.72 43,085
1885 134,723 17,350 5,577 22,927 1.28 1.70 26,138
Bengal 1878 3,292,191 392,049 89,477 481,526 119 1.46 508,971
1885 3,416,822 451,189 127,898 579,087 1.32 1.69 791,504
Assam 1878 44,448 4,302 2,273 6,575 0.96 1.47 6,009
1885 67,676 5,023 6,370 11,393 074 168 11,526
N. W. Provinces and Oudh 1878 2,897,950 207,614 44,581 252,195 0.71 0.87 251,612
1885 3,072,476 195,225 74,896 270,121 0.63 0.88 273,587
Punjab 1878 2,043,565 188,692 23,537 212,229 0.92 1.03 196,326
1885 2,144,379 237,238 41,205 278,443 1.10 1.29 279,585
Central Provinces 1878 612,256 70,574 18,140 88,714 1.15 1.44 76,729
1885 697,271 59,744 19,464 79,208 0.85 1.13 88,769
British Burma 1878 263,411 55,744 63,916 119,660 2.11 4.54 109,950
1885 337,446 62,156 117,167 179,323 1.84 5.31 210,012
Madras 1878 1,600,379 130,593 42,611 173,204 0.81 1.08 172,629
1885 1,729,818 175,270 79,315 254,591 1.01 1.47 302,220
Bombay, including Sindh 1878 2,462,527 426,019 165,983 592,002 1.73 2.40 586,272
1885 2,670,563 590,608 112,016 702,624 2.20 2.63 975,059
Total 1878 13,800,063 1,508,972 459,252 1,968,224 1.09 1.42 1,951,583
1885 14,271,174 1,793,809 583,908 2,377,717 1.25 1.66 2,958,400

XI.—Principal Sources of Income of Municipalities.

Years ended 31st March. Sources of Income. 1878. 1879. 1880. 1881. 1882. 1883. 1884. 1885.

page 115

XII.—Principal Heads of Expenditure of Municipalities.

Heads of Expenditure. Years ended 31st March. 1879. 1880. 1881. 1882. 1883. 1884. 1885.

XIII—The Indian Import Tariff.

Articles liable to Duty. Tariff Valuation. Rate of Duty. Gross Amount of Duty received in Year ended 31st March, 1885. Arms, Ammunition, and Military Stores—

page 116

The Export Tariff.

Gross Amount of Duty Article liable to Duty. Tariff Valuation. Rate of Duty. Year ended 31st March, 1885. Rs. Ans. Rupees. Rice, whether husked or unhusked.................... Per Indian maund of 82? labs. avoirdupois weight. 0 3 58,83,936 dupois weight. Note.—All articles hitherto liable to Customs duty when imported into or exported from British India, were declared free by Sir Evelyn Baring's Indian Tariff Act, which received the assent of the Governor General (Lord Ripon) on 10th March, 1882, with the exception of the articles enumerated above.

XIV.—Statement showing one Year's Gross Expenditure in England of the Government of India.

Heads of Expenditure in England. Year ended 31st March. 1885.
£
Interest on Debt and other obligations 2,612,657
Management of Debt (Payments to the Banks of England and Ireland) 29,326
Charges on account of Departments in India—
Post Office (Mail Service between England and India, and between Bussora and Bagdad) 72,170
Telegraphs (Indo-European; Red Sea Moiety of Annuity; Absentee Allowances and Passage Money of Officers of Telegraph Department) 47,745
Political (Diplomatic Charges) 30,807
Other Charges (Land Revenue; Forest; Mint; Law and Justice; Education; Ecclesiastical; Medical; Scientific, &c., and Miscellaneous) 30,492
Railways:—East Indian (Interest and Annuity) 1,573,909
Guaranteed Lines (Interest) 3,217,240
Subsidized Lines (Interest) 30,395
Public Works (Furlough, Absentee Allowances, and Passage Money of Officers) 40,422
Marine Charges 97,081
Military Charges:—
Effective:—Payments to Her Majesty's Exchequer for British Forces, &c. 533,269
Furlough Allowances 233,802
Troop Service and Passage Money 358,517
Special Charges (Afghanistan, Egypt, &c.) 933
Other Charges 25,240
Non-Effective:—Payments to Her Majesty's Exchequer (Retired Pay, Pensions, dc., if British Forces) 800,000
Pensions to Indian Officers, &c. 1,458,199
Pensions to Non-Commissioned Officers and Soldiers 21,274
Pensions to Widows and Families, &c 80,811
Civil Charges:—
Secretary of States Establishment, including the Auditor and His Staff, but excluding the Store Department (shown below) 115,287
Postage and Telegrams 11,842
Contingencies (Rates, Taxes, Coals, &c., &c.) 10,651
Royal Indian Engineering College (Establishment, Passage Money of Officers, &c.) 24,860
Miscellaneous Home Charges 4,774
Civil Furlough and Allowances:—
Covenanted Service 94,202
Military Officers in Civil Employ 67,333
Uncovenanted and Pilot Service 36,740
Pensions and Allowances:—Political 28,874
East India Company's Establishments abolished 30,908
Home Establishment Officers 40,144
Home Establishment Widows and Families from Funds 22,142
Indian Officers for Distinguished Services, Judges and others 132,941
Compassionate and other Allowances 11,203
Indian Service Funds (Annuities, Pensions, &c.) 1,164,248
Donations, Gratuities, and Charities 5,156
Miscellaneous Charges 16,245
Stores:—Director General's Department and Depot at Lambeth (Salaries, Wages, Rent, Taxes, &c.) 53,019
Supply of, for India: Stationery and Printing for all Departments in India 125,830
Civil Departments 117,801
Marine Stores 57,575
Public Works (including Telegraph Stores) 138,870
Military (including Stores for Frontier Railways) 462,378
Miscellaneous Charges in connection with Supplies for India 15,670
Total Expenditure in England £14,100,982
Exchange 3,426,424

The above, however, represents only a portion of the resources of India expended in England. The pay of the English troops in India—officers and men—is, part of it, sent "home;" the pay of civilians is, to a large extent, similarly dealt with.

From a Parliamentary return moved for by Mr. John Bright, which has not yet been published though it has been laid upon the table of the House of Commons, the following facts relating to the number, and salaries, pensions, and other allowances to persons in the employ of the Government of India, who are resident and non-resident in India, are taken:—
Resident.
Number. Salaries or Otherwise. Amount.
£ s. d.
17,093 Salaries 6,811,422 15 0
1,725 Pensions 679,079 16 0
430 Gratuities and Absentee Allowances 149,070 8 3
Total £7,640,172 19 3
Non-Resident.
Number. Salaries or Otherwise Amount.
£ s. d
7,060 Annuities, Furlough Pay, &c. 3,069,565 0 0
865 Home Establishment and Miscellaneous 403,800 0 0
Total £3,473,365 0 0

Combined Totals, £11,013,537 19s. 3d., nearly the whole of which is paid to Europeans and Eurasians, and only a small portion to natives of India.

page 117

Average Annual Consumption of the Principal Imported and Exciseable Articles per Head, for the Total Population of the united Kingdom,

AT QUADRENNIAL PERIODS, FROM 1840 TO 1880 INCLUSIVE, AND THEN ANNUALLY. Compiled from STATISTICAL ABSTRACTS. N.B.—The Articles printed in capital letters are those still subject to Customs duties on Importation. The reader will not fail to notice how slow and almost stagnant has been the course of trade in these lew commodities, although in every case they are objects of common demand. Compared with the rapid and enormous increment of the duty.freed articles, they tell their own tale of the folly and suicidal absurdity of a revenue system based on Customs and Excise.

Statement showing the total quantities of British, Foreign, and Colonial Spirits, Foreign Wines, Beer, Tea, Coffee, and Cocoa, retained for Home Consumption in certain years, and the quantity of each consumed per head of population.

Consumption of
Year ended British Spirits. Foreign and Colonial Spirits. Gals, per head of Spirits of Foreign Wines. Beer.
31st Dec. Gallons. Gals, per head. Gallons. Gals, per head. Gallons. Gals, per head. Barrels. Barrels per head
1852 25,200,879 .916 4,866,259 .177 1.093 6.346,061 .231 16,732,454 .608
1863 18,836,187 .644 5,193,641 .177 .821 9,764,155 .334 19,327,191 .661
1872 26,872,183 .844 9,068,329 .285 1129 16,765,444 .527 23,171,661 .885
1882 28,554,264 .809 8,338,578 .236 1.045 14,339,070 .406 27,023,616 .766
1883 28,713,997 .806 8,289,841 .233 1.039 14,287,317 .401 26,828,040 .753
1884 27,994,727 .778 8,165,8.10 .227 1005 13,994,497 .389 27,586,526 .767
1885 26,609,488 .733 8,012,056 .221 .953 13,767,928 .379 27,101,238 .746
Year ended Tea, Coffee. Cocoa.
31st Dec. Population. Pounds. Pounds per head. Pounds. Pounds per head. Pounds. Pounds per head.
1852 27,500,000 54,713,034 1.909 34,978,432 1.207 3,328,528 .121
1862 29,255,015 78,793,977 2.694 34,451,766 1.178 3,622,433 .124
1872 31,835,757 127,661,360 4.010 31,173,555 .976 7,791,763 .245
1882 35,278,999 164,958,230 4.674 31,214,553 .884 11,928,549 .338
1883 35,611,816 170,780,777 4.795 31,562,067 .886 12,888,470 .361
1884 35,951,865 175,000,301 4,869 32.255,699 .897 13,920,272 .387
1885 36,325,115 182,408,830 5022 32,660,320 .898 14,003,067 .402

* Excluding Aborigines, estimated at 6,000.

No previous Census.