The Pamphlet Collection of Sir Robert Stout: Volume 14
Tables
Tables
Showing the per cent, of Expenditure devotedly European Countries in 1881 to Interest of Debts, War Expenses, and Civil Government. Also the amount of debt, and of taxation per head, in the different States. The two last columns show the cost per man of land Armies, and proportion of Revenue for War, in 1868, for purposes of comparison.
The two last columns are taken from the "Oesteritsche Zellschrift, herausgegeben von N. R. Strenpfler" for 1868.
1876 | 51 millions of roubles. |
1877 | 429 millions of roubles. |
1878 | 401 millions of roubles. |
1879 | 128 millions of roubles. |
1880 | 59 millions of roubles. |
=1,075,000,000 of roubles. | |
=£153,571,431 English. |
According to official returns published in 1881, the total War Expenditure incurred by Russia daring the lour years 1876-80 amounted to
- 1,076,896,653 roubles.
- =£163,628,093 English.
- 1875 ex. 75,578,632 roubles.
- 1876 ex. 76.386,446 roubles.
- 1877 ex. 76,825,153 roubles.
- 1878 ex. 85,644,373 roubles.
- 1879 ex. 91,703,565 roubles.
- 1880 ex. 99,215,041 roubles.
- 1881 ex. 108,913,405 roubles.
And the debt of Russia, 1st September, 1878, including £30,000,000 internal loan in 1877 after the war, and a second in August, 1878, = £42,857,142, was then estimated at £350,000,000. On the 1st January, 1880, the total debt had increased to
- 4,480,812,699 roubles.
- =£640,116,925 English.
Also a forced currency of paper roubles, circulation estimated at 1.500 million roubles = 210 million £, outstanding in January, 1880!
Debt in 1878 | = £350,000,000 |
Debt in 1880 | = 640,116,925 |
Increase | £290,116,925 |
without including 210 mill, of forced paper currency, which, if added, would show an increase of 500 million £ English! to feed the levies of monstrous War.
WarExp.extra. 1870 | 1,173,016,000 |
WarExp.extra. 1871 | 700,222,000 |
Frgn. Oocuptn. 1871-3 | 38,807,000 |
Provisioning Paris | 169,518,000 |
Grants to families of soldiers | 50,000,000 |
Interest on sums due to Germany | 302,065,000 |
Maintenance of German troops | 248,625,000 |
Repayment of fines, &c., levied by Germany | 61,708,000 |
Disbursements on a/c variou8,1870-72 | 631,168,000 |
Loss from non-payment of taxes, 1870-71 | 364,189,000 |
Miscell. Expenditure | 548,564,000 |
War Indemnity to Germany | 5,000,000,000 |
Total Francs | 9,287,882,000 |
=at 25f. to £ Eng. | £371,515,280 |
In 1871 the Debt of France was | £485.310,748 |
In 1881 | 937,615,280 |
Increase | £452,204,632 |
Int. of Debt, '71 | £25,577,000 |
Int. of Debt, '81 | 49,413,583 |
Increase | £23.836,583* |
Revenue, 1871 | £81,192,000 |
Revenue, 1881 | 128,581,389 |
£47,389,389 |
Loans. | Total Revenue & Loans. | Expenditure. | Public Debt. | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
£ | £ | £ | £ | ||
1858 | 4,941,104 | 14,660,971 | 17,096,289 | 2,035,639 | |
1859 | 5,893,229 | 17,036,242 | 17,433,050 | 3,614,840 | |
1860 | 4,330,885 | 16,010,711 | 16,053,151 | 3,551,043 | |
1861 | 8,728,195 | 17,362,566 | 17,789,023 | 18,930,797 | |
Peace 4 yrs. | £23,893,113 | 65,070,490 | 68,371,513 | 18,930,797 in | 1861 |
Avr. yr | 5,973,278 | 16,267,622 | 17,092,878 | — | |
1862 | 110,352,595 | 120,978,413 | 118,925,354 | 107427,369 | 1862 |
1863 | 161,808,825 | 185,287,426 | 186,624,298 | 228,915,246 | 1863 |
1864 | 233,569,134 | 288,699,711 | 270,128,354 | 362,643,852 | 1864 |
1865 | 306,713,489 | 375,373,464 | 395,318,797 | 558,873,846 | 1865 |
1866 | 148,510,740 | 265,408,378 | 237,723,472 | 556,310,075 | 1866 |
War 5 yrs. | 960,954,783 | 1,235,747,392 | 1,208,720,275 | 556,310,0751 in | 1866 |
Avrge. yr. | 192,190,956 | 247,149,480 | 241,744,055 | — |
Add to these 1,208 millions expenditure of the Northern States an American writer's estimate (say 800 millions) of the loss of the South, and we should find the cost of that war was 2,000 millions. But the American War did not—as do European dynastic wars—bequeath a legacy of armed hosts in millions, anxious and prepared, and perpetually trained for contest. American armies march from industry to war, but afterwards return again to their former industry. Russia arms as a menace to mankind; Germany, ostensibly, for the glory of the Empire, or perhaps as a menace to France. France arms, ostensibly, in self defence, and to repel aggression. But why should Britain join the mad rivalry of these unhappy nations?
Europe is at present at peace—Cannot its rulers learn wisdom, and find a way of some nobler arbitrament, when conflicts of interest arise, than that of War?