Prevention.

Each gall may supply tens of thousands of worms ready to prey upon the young corn plants. It is therefore most important to keep the seed wheat free from galls. To accomplish this careful screening or winnowing, is essential. Corn intended for seed should be "run down" as long as any of the black galls or cockles remain in the samples. Even when corn is not intended for seed these should be eliminated, as they may be the sources of disease to human beings or animals.

All the tail corn, and "chogs" especially, should be burnt, and not by any means given to the chickens, nor allowed to get into the yard where manure is made, as there would be the risk of the galls being carried out to the corn fields. In thrashing corn affected the chaff had better be destroyed, and the returns from the larger screens put through the fine screens of the hand winnower with the greatest care.

Another species of Vibrio is peculiar to oat plants, which it injures by attacking their stems and causing the main stem to die. New shoots are thrown out and these are in turn destroyed. Much injury was occasioned to oat plants in 1884 and 1885 by these Vibrios in various parts of this country. Mr. Carruthers reported upon this in December, 1885 to the Council of the Royal Agricultural Society, and remarked that the species Was different from that which attacks wheat plants, and was in his opinion peculiar to oat plants. Dr. Bastian recounts in the paper alluded to above that he found several species of Nematoids lying between the inner sheaths of various kinds of grasses, among which was Festuca elatior.