Chapter XX.

In October, 1850, the Phœbe Dunbar brought the news that on the 4th of July preceding the New Zealand Company had ceased its operations as a colonizing agent, and had surrendered to Earl Grey its charter and all claim and title to the lands granted it. The event was not unexpected. Months before the resident agents of the company had received imperative instructions to limit expense and to incur none fresh. In Otago the news caused little stir and less anxiety. The settlement had made but little progress, and people had often asked where were the abundance of work and the much needed roads and bridges promised them when leaving the home country. Mr. Walter Mantell, who shortly afterwards came from Wellington and took up his abode in Dunedin as a Government official, and who was one of the most active members in the mosquito fleet of the "Little Enemy," tauntingly parodied these promises in a few doggrel lines:—

"Roads and bridges, and schools and churches
Were among the original terms of purchase,
Churches and schools and roads and bridges
Were promised as our most esteemed privileges,
But bridges and schools and churches and roads
Are sought for in vain near the settlers' abodes,
While those who expect churches, bridges, and schools,
Also roads, may be called very silly fools."

This may be termed the "Lay of the Disappointed," and, whilst it must have afforded delight to the "Little Enemy," it must have been gall and wormwood to another section.

Captain Cargill's duties did not, however, end abruptly: he still represented the Lay Association, and, to avoid page 127difficulty and confusion, he was gazetted Commissioner of Lands for the Otago block, with a salary of, £300 a year. This appointment he held until April, 1853, when Proclamation was made of the long prayed-for Constitution.

For some time prior to this surrender the relations between the Company and the Association had been greatly strained. It should here be repeated that the agreement between them allowed a period of five years to the Association for the sale of the 2000 properties to private individuals, estimated at a value of £241,000; failing to complete such sale, the company was entitled to step in and sell the remainder as it chose. On the other side, the Company undertook all cost of surveys, emigration, and other business, trusting to recoup itself from the sales. But the high hopes formed by each party were far from realised, and the Company now complained that it had fared badly in the transaction; that whilst in three years it had expended more than £55,000, its receipts had been but £27,500, which, with other expenses, meant the heavy loss of £30,000. The Association replied that the stipulated five years had not elapsed, that its persistent and widespread efforts were but just beginning to bear full fruit, and that the insecurity of the Company's position, which had been known for some time, had largely contributed to the failure of the scheme. The surveys had cost £15,000, and it was contended that with its expert knowledge the Company should have gradually extended them from the town, as the need arose, thus inducing purchasers to concentrate instead of disperse themselves through so large a block of land which was virtually roadless. And so the two bodies separated with something like mutual satisfaction, the one to repair its damaged fortunes, the other to pursue its duties with an increased experience.

Mr. McGlashan, the secretary of the Association, lost not a day in asking Earl Grey's assistance, and in this and throughout all the transactions he was steadily assisted by Mr. Fox Maule, the Secretary of War, and a warm Free Churchman. Lord Grey promised every aid, and the Association was at any rate temporarily placed under the wing of the Colonial Land and Emigration Commissioners, a branch of the Colonial Office. At this time the Canterbury Association had just been formed, and was in possession of its Charter of Incorporation. Whether emulous or jealous, or both, of its rival sister, the Lay Association now coveted a similar privilege and page 128spared no pains to procure it from the Government. But this was no such easy matter. Legal difficulties with their old ally were in the way, whilst the Canterbury people were untrammelled. It also appeared that £500 was the price of this privilege—a serious consideration; later that a petition against the Charter, emanating from some of the Otago settlers themselves, had been forwarded to Earl Grey, and later still, when these difficulties had been laid, that unless they chose to widen their gates and allow other Presbyterians to enter as well as those of the Free Church, the concession would not be granted. Gradually the proposal lost force, and when Sir John Pakington replaced Earl Grey in the succeeding Ministry he plainly refused the Charter, detesting as he did class settlements, and instancing in support of his view the counter petition, and the failure of the Association to sell land to any extent. This was in November, 1852, whilst Sir John was preparing his Constitution Bill.

In June, 1851, a year after its separation from the Company, the Association was obliged to confess that its strenuous efforts to sell land and attract capital had met with but little success, not sufficient indeed to meet the expenses of the home office, and none wherewith to pay the stipends of Captain Cargill and Mr. Burns. Would-be purchasers considered the price of land, £2 per acre, far too high, even though a portion was returned in the shape of survey and roading, the price of labour—3s. 6d. a day—was excessive, and complaints of continual disputes amongst the settlers had been forwarded from various sources. The London branch of the Association would not be galvanised into any activity, and due to some petty misunderstanding its members resigned. An effort to open an agency in London for the sale of land was quite unsuccessful, as there were no funds for the payment of contingent expenses, and the offer of a five per cent. commission on sales effected was not tempting. An appeal almost ad misericordiam was made to wealthy Free Churchmen to purchase one hundred properties, which it was submitted could be let to tenants at a rental of 10 per cent. on the cost, with a purchasing clause; but the scheme failed. The outlook was certainly depressing. From the retirement of the Company to the beginning of 1852 the whole proceeds of land sales amounted to but £3753, of which £1150 had been expended for passages to emigrants.

The hope that remained lay in the introduction of favourable clauses into the Constitution Bill which was page 129then engaging so much of Sir John Pakington's attention. With this view a small committee, of which Mr. McGlashan was one, repaired to London, and was there in constant communication with those who had the Bill in charge. It has been previously said that Mr. McGlashan's labours were indefatigable and valuable, and were appreciated by the Government. On the 30th of June, 1852, the Bill became law. It is but just to say that before leaving office Earl Grey had prepared the heads of a Bill he proposed to introduce, and without doubt this formed the basis, nay, the chief part of that finally passed. One feels some regret that to this warm friend of the colonies was denied the honour of carrying out the provisions he had so long prepared. The Bill fought a stormy way through Parliament, and more than once its wreck seemed imminent. The days of the Association now drew to a close. Its last meeting was held at Edinburgh on the 17th of May, 1853, a year beyond the stipulated five years of its existence. It was, however, understood that the members who had ever taken so lively an interest in the affairs of the settlement should continue to give an informal aid to them, until any further arrangement should be made. Judging from the price realized for the sale of the office furniture—£8 15s.—the Association must have conducted its affairs with the strictest economy. It is probable that the minutes and other documents finally found their way into the hands of Messrs. Auld & Crawfurd, who afterwards were appointed agents for the province of Otago. And so the settlement was severed from the last of its dry nurses, and Mr. McGlashan prepared to carry out his long cherished scheme of emigrating to the community whose interests he had so long and faithfully watched over.

It will thus be evident that the comparative stagnation of the settlement was due to causes, within and without, beyond the control of the settlers themselves. The promoters had failed to carry out their ideal of transforming the virgin soil into rich pasture and fertile fields, cultivated by a large number of contented labourers. This was still in the distant future. It is certain, moreover, that the settlers received neither sympathy nor assistance from the Governor, who was a determined opponent of the class settlements of Otago as well as Canterbury, because, as it was said, they were independent of his autocratic rule. Nor did they fare better at the hands of the officials, who, being appointees of the Government, page 130professed similar sentiments. It was not until 1855, when fresh land regulations were made, that the cloud began to pass away. Still industry and thrift, rude comfort and content prevailed, and there was the sure faith of "pippins and cheese to come." Where there was so little money a simple barter prevailed; labour, the first fruits of any produce, or the promise of a deferred money payment ensured the purchase of goods, and good faith was kept. Mr. John Jones was wont to say that whilst keeping a store for many years he never lost five pounds. Most of the flour and oatmeal was home grown. As there were no ploughs, the spade furrowed the ground, flails thrashed the seed, the breeze winnowed it, and hand mills ground it. Almost every person cultivated a little in this way, working, if necessary, in the early morning or the after day, and there was constant exchange of the various crops. Mr. Valpy's flour-mill was a great boon; it had a saw-mill attached, and was erected in the Water of Leith valley, where its ruins may still be seen. Many kept cows, which earned a living in the unfrequented streets regardless of pounds and trespass. The customary dress of the settlers was a blue woollen shirt or blouse, moleskin or cord trousers, strong boots and felt hat. This was dress enough for church. Captain Cargill, who was a short thick-set man with white hair, ruddy face, and quick short step, affected as headgear a huge Scotch bonnet of blue, with central red "toorie." Mr. Burns, tall, dignified, and of measured tread, always wore a closely fitting Genevan cap. The two were thus from head-dress alone conspicuous figures in the little world.

Several industrial and other societies soon sprang up. Amongst them investment societies, with a subscription of a shilling a share per fortnight, enabling investors to purchase small properties and erect houses upon them. An agricultural and horticultural association was founded in April, 1851. It was of the most elaborate character, having special committees for agriculture, horticulture, live stock, and even mineralogy. Fisheries and acclimatization did not come amiss, and it sought federation with the distinguished Highland Society in Scotland. Little came of it, and soon it seems to have died, apparently from having attempted too much. But the most important movement was the formation of a Mechanics' Institute. Its standard was also set very high; lectures and classes on most subjects were in its syllabus, and a library and museum were contemplated. The subscrip-page break

Key to "View of Dunedin from Church Hill." ByG.B. Shaw. November, 1851.

1.	The First Church; c, original portion; b, library and vestry added; a, final addition (now Sargood's).
2.	Schoolmaster's section fronting Dowling Street (City Hall, Sargood's, etc.).
3.	Now forming part of Sec. 5, Blk. xlix.
4.	Sec. 48, Blk. ix. David Garrick's section, on which were (8) Garrick's house imported from home; afterwards the Royal Hotel and stables, kept by Alex. McDonald; then George Smith, then James Smith, and Allan's bakery and dwellings; now Bank of N.Z., Nat. Insce., etc.
5.	Sec. 53, Blk. ix. Mrs. Susan Fraser's sec. Oddfellows' Hall; Melhuish, photographer; now A.M.P.
6.	Sec. 54, Blk. ix. Henry Findlater's sec., Sutton; Wilson, druggist; now Bank N.S.W.
7.	Sam. Gibbs, baker, S. of which is Otago News printing office; Mercer's bakehouse; then Jones and Williamson; now National Bank, etc.
8.	Garrick's house, v. 4.
9.	South corner of Princes and Rattray Streets. Sec. 66, Blk. ix. Alex. Rennie, grocer (?); Bullen, clothier; now Scott & Co.
10.	Commercial Hotel, High Street, kept by Watson; now Butterworth Bros.
11.	Probably James Adams's house.
12 and 13.	Part of Royal Hotel.
14.	Henry Mayo, grocer and draper, High Street, about D.1.C.
15.	Sec. on which is Arcade.
16.	Gallie, blacksmith, W. & G. Turnbull's.
17.	Sec. 57, Blk. vii. Mrs. Fulton's sec.; Jas. Fulton's cottage, Harris & Gillies' office, Union Bank's gold-smelting place; now back of Wright, Stephenson's yard.
18 and 19.	Sec. in High Street. W. corner of Clarke Street; now Brace, Windle, Dr. Stephenson, Hay, dentist.
20.	High Street.
21.	Hon. W. H. Reynolds' house, Woodhead, Eglinton Road, Mornington; then S. E. R. Jones, Geo. Maclean; now Hugh MacNeil.
22.	Corner of Hope Street.
23.	See. 41, Blk. vi. Perkins' sec.; now belongs to H. F. Hardy.
24.	Wedderburn, shoemaker and in Customs.
25.	Dr. Stewart's cowhouse on Sec. 20, Blk. vi.
26.	W. Stevenson, carpenter, afterwards farmer Wingatui, H. F. Hardy, Ebbin Cottage.
27.	Stevenson's workshop; first site of Union Bank. The two form Sec. 33, Blk. vi., now part of Bing, Harris & Co., Occidental Hotel, and Wain's Hotel in Manse Steeet.
28.	Princes Street.
29.	Site of Mechanics' Institute, and where Provincial Council first met; now Cargill's monument.
30.	George Duncan's slaughter-house and Gallie's smithy; now part of Custom House and of late Colonial Bank Bldgs.
31.	Water Street.
32.	N.Z. Co.'s survey office, in middle of Water Street. Creek is visible at its back and near fence. Princes Street bridge just above it.
33.	Maori landing-place, with little bridge of two trees.
34.	C. H. Kettle's house, with Ngaio trees. This block now P. O. Supreme Court, etc.
35.	W. H. Cutten's one-roomed house.
36.	Park's (surveyor) house; then Duthie, A. R. C. Strode, Cap. Cargill's office, about Liverpool Street.
37.	W. H. Cutten's store; Otago Witness office; now back part of Mackerras, Hazlett's store. Bond Street.
38.	John Jones's store; now Robt. Wilson & Co., Bond Street.
39.	Rev. Dr. Burns's Manse at corner of Princes Street and Jetty Street.
40.	Part of Manse, later built.
41.	W. J. Napier's house.
42.	Cramond's smithy; Emigration Barracks on Sec. 3, Blk. xlii.
43.	44, 45, 46, 47, 48 being Sees. 10, 45, 11 and 12, Blk. vi., between Walker and Stafford Streets.
46.	Capt. Cargill's first house; Cargill & Maclean; Daily Times; Shand, baker; W. G. Neill & Co., and F. W. Petre.
47.	Robert Chapman's (Registrar, Supreme Court); Queen's Arms; Briscoe & Co.; D. Baxter & Co.
48.	James Brown, draper and post office, with private house at back; Dod, Leary, Loasby, druggists.
49.	Thomas Thompson, carter.
50.	James Cullen's stable.
51.	Mr. Young, carpenter; Geo. Fenwick, carpenter.
52.	Jas. Cullen (afterwards of Taieri); C. Logie, of the Customs; Cobb's stables.
53.	Archibald, James, and John Barr's house.
54.	Stafford Street.
55.	Manse Street.
56.	James Macandrew's store, corner of Manse and Stafford Streets. 57, 58, 59, 60, 61, 68, 69, 26, and 27 with vacant sections adjoining, being Secs. 31, 32, 33, and 46, Blk. vi., and bounded by Princes, High, and Manse Streets.
57.	Johnson & Borton's store; Mrs. Bain, draper; Begg, Christie, drapers; Brown, Ewing & Co.
58.	John Proudfoot, bootmaker; Jas. Reid, watchmaker; James Paterson, saddler.
59.	John Adams, tailor; John Healey, grocer.
61.	Bain, tailor; Curie, tinsmith; site of Wain's Hotel and Albert Buildings.
62	W. H. Valpy, Esq., fronting Manse Street; Oliver & Ulph's, McLandress, Hepburn, Park, Reynolds & Co.
63.	Julius Jeffrey's house, Sec. 29, Blk. vi. Stafford Street; Provincial Hotel.
64.
65.	Built by Duthie after leaving 36. John Hyde Harris; Henry Nathan; Sew Hoy; Red Lion.
66.	Sec. 17, Blk. vi. Gilbert Burns's section in Stafford Street; Mills, Dick & Co., printers.
67.	Sec. 20, Blk. vi. Dr. Stewart, from India, came in Ajax; Mrs. Reynolds, senr.; T. J. White, Macandrew's partner; Howorth, solicitor; St. Matthew's Church.
68.	Foster, builder; Manse Street (Wain's Hotel).
69.	J. B. Todd, printer.
70. 71, 72.	"Little Paisley"; John Barr; John McGibbon; Francis Marshall; Jas. Patrick and Gillies' cattle pound; part of Southern Cemetery.
73.	Hillside Road.
74.	Hillside, Capt. Cargill's second house; J. S. Webb; Wm. Isaac.
75.	Farm.
76.	Mr. Valpy's farm, Forbury,
77.	Jetty.
78.	The Swamp: now various townships; road to Anderson's Bay, St. Clair, etc.
80.	Sand-hills at Forbury; now St. Clair. [To face p. 130.

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By G. B. Shaw.]
View Of Dunedin From Church Hill, November, 1851.
[To face p. 130.

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Key Plan To Shaw's View Of Dunedin, 1851.
[To face p. 130.

page 131tion was 4s. a quarter. Mr. Macandrew, who gave the liberal sum of £21 to its funds, was chairman, and Mr. William Langlands, originator of the scheme, was secretary. It started with every prospect of success, but the unfortunate habit of bickering which seemed to possess the community jeopardized it. The names of Messrs. Strode and Kettle were not included in the lengthy list of patrons because of their usual opposition to the general body of settlers. These gentlemen were annoyed at the slight; hard words were exchanged, and most of the patrons withdrew their names and subscriptions, concluding that the proposed institution would be but an arena for strife. This did not prove the case. The promoters pursued their undaunted course, and on the 3rd of January, 1853, the building was opened with a soirée, when refreshments, glees, and duets were provided. In his opening remarks the chairman referred to the "shallow-minded would-be aristocrats who sneered at the institution." Perhaps it was not in the power of human nature to have done less. Mr. Burns followed with a speech of much dignity and eloquence, free from all unpleasant allusion. The building, which was situated on the site of the present Cargill monument in Custom House Square, had two reading or class-rooms, and a large room capable of accommodating a hundred people. Its cost was something over £200, all of which, save £40, had been subscribed by the opening day. Lectures were occasionally given during the long evenings at the early hour of six o'clock, to which the price of admission was sixpence. Even the redoubtable Mr. Mantell, a formidable member of the "Little Enemy," promised a lecture on geology. Twenty pounds were yearly expended in the purchase of newspapers for the reading-room, but there were few books. Though the high objects of the institute were never attained, it was of much value. Gradual torpor overcame it until, in 1859, it was re-animated or superseded by the present Athenæum. It was long used by the Provincial Council during the sessions of that body, then as offices by the law firm of Messrs. Grillies & Richmond, and then as a bank. About twenty-five years ago it was removed and re-erected as part of a private dwelling in Walker Avenue.

The cession of the Company rendered it necessary that the members of the church should inspect their own position and devise further measures for the support of their religious and educational institutions. The aid derived from land sales had always been meagre enough, page 132and it now seemed that little further could be expected from this source. The difficulty was faced with promptitude, and it was determined that the seats of the church should be let, that offertories should be collected every Sunday, and that a sustentation fund should be established. The last item found but little favour from Mr. Burns for some time, although his stipend of £300 a year had been more nominal than real. But the augusta res prevailed, and his somewhat precarious and varying income was thereafter paid. For the year ending December, 1851, the seat rents totalled £71, the collections £97, and the sustentation fund £39. In December following, these were respectively £61, £65, and £146. The newly opened church at Port Chalmers further contributed £20 in collections and a special sum of £17 for the school. Remembering the narrow circumstances of the donors and their number—perhaps 750—such contributions must be acaccounted liberal and a proof of their zeal and faith. Educational matters had never flourished from the first. Mr. Blackie, the schoolmaster, had been obliged to relinquish his post from ill-health after less than two years' service. He was succeeded by Mr. McDowall, who, like his predecessor, complained of the comparatively small and very irregular attendance of the children. In 1853 the average attendance was under 100 out of a total number of 270 living in and around Dunedin. The subjects taught were those of a simple, plain English education. To a small class Mr. McDowall taught a little Latin. His salary was £60 a year, with a percentage of the fees, the latter being apparently 2s. a quarter for each pupil. It is curious that, coming from a land where intelligence and a love for learning are supposed to be special features, so many parents should be found apparently indifferent to the education of their children. Perhaps the explanation lay in the exigencies of the new life.

The library in connection with the church was but moderately supported. In the year 1851-52 there were 100 subscribers, to whom 1600 volumes had been issued. There were arrangements whereby small boxes of books were made up monthly and forwarded to outlying districts. Altogether the lofty, if praiseworthy, ideas of the original founders with regard to higher education must have seemed immeasurably removed; and there must have been a further sense of chagrin when the neighbouring sister settlement of Canterbury came out equipped with its pro-page 133fessors and its provisions for a college. It was indeed the day of small things, and a time of some disappointment.

As has been said the Episcopal services were conducted at the Court House in a casual and uncertain way, and were mainly dependent on the Rev. Charles Creed's occasional visits. It would appear from a story told the writer by an old Presbyterian lady that simple as these services must have been they were occasionally embellished by musical accompaniment. As a curious girl she induced her aunt to chaperon her to one of these papistical gatherings. The congregation was small, but what struck her especially were two well-known young men, brothers, who sat alone on a front form, each having something under his arm like a long thick stick. To follow in her own words: "when the hymn was given oot up stood the lang lanky young men, pat the sticks to their mooths and tootled out siccan a whustling as ye never heard." This extraordinary kind of precentorship so amazed and amused her that she burst into a fit of laughter, and was summarily dragged out by her angry aunt.

In September, 1851, Dr. Frederick Richardson, of Cheltenham, arrived in the Dominion. Prior to leaving England he collected from his friends for English church purposes in Dunedin a sum of £270, together with communion plate, a barrel organ, and a stone font, the last being presented by Mr. Beresford Hope, M.P., and now in S. Paul's Cathedral. Active steps were at once taken to organise the 420 members of the church, who, it was ascertained, dwelt in the district. Bishop Selwyn accordingly accredited the Rev. John Albert Fenton, who had recently arrived in the adjoining settlement of Canterbury, to the new cure at Dunedin. This gentleman, formerly curate of Norton, near Sheffield, continued to hold charge until 1858, when his health giving way he was superseded by the Rev. E. G. Edwards, who remained incumbent until the last day of 1894, when S. Paul's church was raised to the status of cathedral of the diocese. This decided movement on the part of the Episcopalians must have been viewed with great disfavour by the Presbyterians, inflicting as it did a severe blow to the class character of the settlement and accentuating the differences between the two. Preliminary meetings were held at the Court House, presided over by Mr. Strode, to raise additional funds for the erection of a church, parsonage, and an endowment. Application was made to the Governor for permission to select a church site. This was page 134granted, and Mr. Strode was authorized to select accordingly, and, unkindest cut of all, to request Captain Cargill, as Commissioner of Crown Lands, to reserve the same. Choice was made of that central part of the Octagon which is now enclosed as a public garden. Despite indignant remonstrances against this flagrant piece of annexation, possession was retained, and when funds had accumulated, building materials were placed on the site and surrounded by a ring fence. A largely signed memorial was now forwarded to the Governor showing that the Octagon was a reserve for the people and that the whole proceedings were irregular and indeed ultra vires. The Governor's term of office was now at its close; what the result might have been otherwise may be surmised. Fortunately for the memorialists he was about to leave the Colony, and the document was forwarded to the Government, and in turn to Captain Cargill, as superintendent of the province, for his opinion, which of course was decidedly opposed to the wrongful conversion of this reserve. This incident throws a curious side-light on some of the transactions of the day. Thus unsuccessful, the church committee presented a petition to the Provincial Council at its session in 1854, asking the approval of the House to an application made by the petitioners to the Governor for a grant of two sections of land elsewhere. The opportunity of the other side had now come. Mr. Cutten moved and carried that it was inexpedient to grant public lands to religious bodies, but, sympathising with the members of the Church of England in their endeavours to obtain a site, undertook that the members of the Provincial Council should procure by voluntary contributions the necessary sum for its purchase. This was indeed heaping coals of fire on the enemy's head. Shortly afterwards the Court House, with the property on which it stood, was purchased by the committee for £260, altered somewhat, and used as a temporary parish church until 1863, when, on the 5th of April of that year, the newly erected S. Paul's was consecrated by Bishop Harper, of Christchurch, in whose diocese it remained until the consecration of the Rev. S. T. Nevill as Bishop of Dunedin in 1871. Mr. Fenton's stipend was, like that of his Presbyterian brother, an uncertain and variable quantity, fluctuating between £150 and £200 a year, and was mostly derived from liberal subscriptions and seat rents, which latter averaged about £46. The parsonage was almost on the site of the present Boys' High School boarding page 135house. The yearly offertories averaged £40. The barre, organ was a distinct advance upon the two flutes, source of that irreverent scene already noted. But even it was not free from disadvantages, perhaps due to the wilful carelessness or ignorance of those who, ensconced behind a curtain, had charge of its internal arrangements. Thus a long metre tune might be fitted for a line or two to a short metre hymn, and when the mistake was rectified a neglected stop produced an appalling silence, only broken by the vicious turning of the handle. One gentleman, after treating the congregation to two or three tunes by way of voluntary, was heard to mutter "so much for that little lot." Forty years ago this organ was replaced by an harmonium free from these defects. It was then purchased by an up-country settler in the neighbourhood of Oamaru, and by him was used when strangers passed that way as a pleasant mode of providing them with an evening's recreation. An amusing story of the connection between religion and music relates to days long anterior to the arrival of the John Wickliffe and Philip Laing. On one of his pastoral tours Bishop Selwyn visited the Bluff, then the abode of rough whalers and sealers. Giving notice of his intention to hold religious service, to marry, and to baptise, the grateful sailors made unusual efforts to receive their august visitor as he deserved. A room was hung with flags, a chair disguised as a pulpit, and the bishop was told that music had been provided. He was requested to give out the Old Hundredth as the only hymn they knew. This he did with probably much mis-giving, and the next moment a musical box which had been concealed near his elbow, and whose stops, like the barrel organ, were not in order, struck up a lively waltz, followed by "Nix my Dolly." Though electrified the bishop was sustained and reassured by the perfect gravity of his audience, who waited until the solemn Old Hundredth came round, when they joined in with full chorus. Incidents of the sort justified the Scotch of early days in their refusal to worship God "wi' a kist o' whustles." Upon resigning his cure at Dunedin in 1858, Mr. Fenton proceeded to Waikouaiti at the request of Mr. John Jones, and there formed another church. As archdeacon he still remains near the scene of his former labours full of years and surrounded by friends.